Pan American Silver Annual Report 2020

Plain-text annual report

ANNUAL REPORT PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 1 2020PAN AMERICAN SILVER owns and operates silver and gold mines located in Mexico, Peru, Canada, Argentina and Bolivia. We also own the Escobal mine in Guatemala that is currently not operating. As the world’s second largest primary silver producer with the largest silver reserve base globally, we provide enhanced exposure to silver in addition to a diversified portfolio of gold producing assets. Pan American has a 27-year history of operating in Latin America, earning an industry-leading reputation for corporate social responsibility, operational excellence and prudent financial management. Our shares trade on NASDAQ and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “PAAS”. Dolores La Colorada Skarn Deposit Escobal* (Currently on care and maintenance) Shahuindo La Arena Huaron Morococha San Vicente Ag 17.3 Moz consolidated production $11.38/oz silver segment all-in sustaining costs 550 Moz proven + probable reserves E C N A M R O F R E P G N T A R E P O 0 2 0 2 I Au 522.4 koz consolidated production $1,011/oz gold segment all-in sustaining costs 5.2 Moz proven + probable reserves E C N A M R O F R E P G N T A R E P O 0 2 0 2 I Timmins Silver Segment Mining Operations Gold Segment Mining Operations Development and Advanced Stage Exploration Projects Navidad Manantial Espejo 2020 REVENUE GENERATED BY METAL 2020 RESERVES BY METAL Zinc 6% Lead 2% Copper 2% Silver 25% Gold 65% Zinc 13% Lead 5% Copper 3% Gold 32% Silver 47% Revenue by metal in 2020 is based on the average realized metal prices for 2020 of: $20.60/oz for silver, $1,758/oz for gold, $2,288/ tonne for zinc, $1,851/tonne for lead and $6,412/tonne for copper. Silver production and revenue reflect the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on underground silver mines. The reserves by metal reflect the Company’s 2020 mineral reserve estimates effective June 30, 2020, and metal price assumptions of $18.00/oz for silver, $1,300/oz for gold, $2,350/tonne for zinc, $2,000/tonne for lead, and $6,000/tonne for copper. See the mineral reserves and resources on page 75 for further information. CONSOLIDATED RESULTS For the year ended December 31, Weighted average shares during period (millions) Shares outstanding end of period (millions) FINANCIAL (in thousands USD, except per share amounts) Revenue Mine operating earnings Net earnings Basic earnings per share(1) Adjusted earnings(2) Basic adjusted earnings per share(1) Net cash generated from operating activities Net cash generated from operating activities before changes in working capital(2) Sustaining capital expenditures Project capital expenditures Cash dividend per share PRODUCTION (in thousands) Silver (ounces) Gold (ounces) Zinc (tonnes) Lead (tonnes) Copper (tonnes) CASH COSTS(2) ($/ounce) Silver Segment(3) Gold Segment(4) AISC(2) ($/ounce) Silver Segment(3) Gold Segment(4) Consolidated Silver Basis(5) AVERAGE REALIZED PRICES(6) Silver ($/ounce) Gold ($/ounce) Zinc ($/tonne) Lead ($/tonne) Copper ($/tonne) 2020 210.1 210.3 2019 201.4 209.8 1,338,812 1,350,759 360,177 176,455 0.85 243,382 1.16 462,315 365,333 162,047 21,545 0.22 17,312 522.4 40.2 15.7 5.2 7.05 797 11.38 1,011 (3.29) 20.60 1,758 2,288 1,851 6,412 229,288 111,244 0.55 157,987 0.78 282,028 309,972 179,096 44,734 0.14 25,886 559.2 67.6 27.3 8.7 6.39 712 10.46 948 4.44 16.34 1,406 2,535 1,997 5,973 (1) Per share amounts are based on basic weighted average common shares. (2) Non- GAAP measures: cash costs, AISC, adjusted earnings, basic adjusted earnings per share, and net cash generated from operating activities before changes in working capital are non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures” section at the end of this annual report for further information on these measures. (3) Silver Segment comprised of the following operations: La Colorada, Dolores, Huaron, Morococha, San Vicente and Manantial Espejo. Beginning in 2021, Dolores will move from the Silver Segment to the Gold Segment due to mine sequencing into higher gold grades over the remaining active mine life. Silver Segment cash costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized revenues from all metals other than silver and are calculated per ounce of silver sold. (4) Gold Segment comprised of the following operations: Shahuindo, La Arena and Timmins. Beginning in 2021, Dolores will move to the Gold Segment from the Silver Segment due to mine sequencing into higher gold grades over the remaining active mine life. Gold Segment cash costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized silver revenues and are calculated per ounce of gold sold. (5) Consolidated Silver Basis is calculated by treating all revenues from metals other than silver, including gold, as a by-product credit. Corporate general and administrative expense, and exploration and project development expense are included in Consolidated Silver Basis AISC, but are not allocated amongst the operations and thus are not included in either the Silver or Gold Segment consolidated amounts. (6) Metal prices stated are inclusive of final settlement adjustments on concentrate sales. For historical financial and operating data, please see the Interactive Analyst Centre at panamericansilver.com. All financial data in this report is stated in US dollars (“USD”) unless otherwise noted. Certain of the statements and information in this annual report constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws. Please refer to the inside back cover of this annual report for an important note to readers regarding forward-looking statements and information. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 1 Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) APPROACH ENVIRONMENTAL Pan American is committed to conducting its business in a responsible and sustainable manner. Our core ESG values are: caring for the environment in which we operate; contributing to the long-term development of our host communities; ensuring safe and secure workplaces for our employees; contributing to the welfare of our employees, local communities and governments; and, operating transparently. In 2020, we developed a set of Sustainability Performance Indicators to measure and monitor on a monthly basis the progress of the key environmental and social sustainability activities at our operations. The aim is to instill a high level of understanding and commitment by those who carry out our day-to-day business activities. Our social performance indicators cover social risk management, grievance management and community investment. Our environmental performance indicators cover environmental incidents, audits, water, energy and greenhouse gas emissions, and implementation of the Mining Association of Canada’s Towards Sustainable Mining (TSM) program. Health and safety performance indicators are also monitored. 2020 ESG HIGHLIGHTS We continue to actively implement the TSM framework at all our mines, which is designed to enhance our community engagement processes, drive environmental and tailings best practices and reinforce our commitment to the health and safety of our employees and surrounding communities. While progress on TSM was delayed in 2020 due to COVID-19, we successfully achieved TSM B Level or higher for all TSM protocols at all operations. Health and safety remain our top priority, and in 2020 we had the lowest number of accidents resulting in lost time in the Company’s history. Our long-standing goal is zero fatal accidents, which we work very hard to achieve through extensive safety training, serious accident prevention programs and, in our Peruvian operations, advancing the trial behavioral safety program. Despite this focus on safety, we suffered two fatalities at our operations during 2020, one at Huaron and the second at La Colorada. Both fatal accidents were thoroughly investigated, and we are implementing measures designed to prevent similar accidents in the future. (1) An SEI is defined as an incident that has a direct negative impact on the environment, or the communities outside the Company’s mines or project sites, including environmental incidents that significantly impact communities’ perceptions of the Company. (2) The corporate audit program was limited in 2020 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. • We had no significant environmental incidents (“SEI”)(1) at our operations. • We conducted a corporate environmental audit(2) on the La Colorada operation with no material issues identified. • We ensured safe management of tailings facilities during mine suspensions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. SOCIAL • In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we committed to donate $2.0 million towards food, hygiene and medical supplies, and personal protection equipment for our local communities. • We entered into a 3-year, $1.5 million partnership commitment with UNICEF Canada to provide health and education to vulnerable children in Latin America. • We conducted a social audit(2) of the Manantial Espejo operation with no material issues identified. • We became signatories to the United Nations Global Compact. • We resolved a community dispute related to water distribution near our La Arena operation, while we continue to be involved in two other community disputes related to La Colorada in Mexico and Escobal in Guatemala. • We recorded a low lost time injury frequency (LTIF) of 0.35 and a low lost time injury severity (LTIS) of 534, but overall safety performance was disappointing due to two fatal accidents. GOVERNANCE • We adopted an Inclusion and Diversity Policy. • We achieved a 17.3% increase in the percentage of new female hires and promotions and increased the representation of women on our Board of Directors. • We established an ESG Committee comprised of cross-departmental senior and executive management representatives. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 2 2021 ESG Goals • Achieve zero Significant Environmental Incidents. • Reduce water consumption by 6% compared to the 2021 base case.(1) • Reduce GHG emissions by 11% compared to the 2021 base case.(1) • Achieve 80 hectares net positive impact on vegetation and biodiversity. • Reduce industrial waste by 11% compared to the 2021 base case.(1) • Continue implementation of TSM to achieve Level A for all protocols at all mines. • Resolve all medium and high-risk grievances by the end of 2021. • Update integrated stakeholder engagement plans at all sites. • Maintain LTIF of 0.90 or less and LTIS of 525 or less. • Complete the first phase of our Building Respect Together program,(2) covering 70% of our workforce. Further discussion on our ESG approach, performance and goals will be provided in our 2020 Sustainability Report, to be released in the second quarter of 2021. In addition to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, our 2020 Sustainability Report will take into consideration the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and Task Force on Climate Related Disclosure (TCFD) reporting frameworks. (1) The 2021 base case is our projected 2021 water use, energy use, GHG emissions, and waste generation, as calculated using our life of mine plans adjusted for annual production guidance (see page 17 of this annual report for 2021 guidance). (2) The “Building Respect Together” program is aimed at fostering a more respectful, safe and inclusive work environment. “Pan American remains committed to continuously improving our sustainability performance. We are implementing industry best practices, such as the Mining Association of Canada’s Towards Sustainable Mining protocols, the Voluntary Principles for Security and Human Rights, and the World Gold Council Conflict-Free Standard.” - Michael Steinmann, President & CEO PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 3 PAN AMERICAN SILVER Our Purpose Pan American Silver was founded in 1994 by Ross Beaty and John Wright, based on Ross’ vision to build the world’s foremost silver mining company. Today, Pan American holds the largest silver reserves in the world as well major catalysts for growth in silver production. With a diversified portfolio of assets, we are the second largest primary silver producer in the world and a large gold producer. We provide investors with long-life exposure to silver, a metal crucial for the global transition to a clean, modern economy. Since inception, we have been demonstrating our commitment to living our vision and values. Pan American Silver founders Ross J. Beaty and John H. Wright. Vision Values Our vision is to be the world’s premier silver producer, with a reputation for excellence in discovery, engineering, innovation, and sustainable development. Our strategy to achieve this vision is to: • Generate an attractive return on invested capital through the safe, efficient and environmentally sound development and operation of our assets. • Constantly replace and grow our reserves and resources through targeted near-mine exploration and business development. • Foster positive long-term relationships with our employees, shareholders, communities and local governments through open and honest communication and ethical and sustainable business practices. • Continually search for opportunities to upgrade and improve the quality of our assets, both internally and through acquisition. • Encourage our employees to be innovative, responsive and entrepreneurial. Pan American’s core values are embedded in all aspects of our daily operations. In carrying out our business, we are committed to: • Operating in a responsible and ethical manner. • Providing a safe, healthy and respectful workplace for our employees and contractors. • Conducting our business free from favouritism, fear, coercion, discrimination, or harassment. • Providing full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure to our stakeholders. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 4 19942020Letter from the Board Chair This is a poignant moment for me. After 27 years in the saddle as Founder and Chair of our great company, I’ve decided it’s time to retire and so this is my last letter to shareholders. I will step down at our Annual General and Special Meeting in May 2021. Pan American Silver has been a big part of my life, but it’s simply good governance to have managed succession and the time is right for me to retire, just as it was the right decision for me to split the role of Chair and CEO in 2004 when I turned the CEO role over to Geoff Burns. I’m so pleased Gillian Winckler has agreed to take my position as Chair. Gill has been on the Pan American Board since mid-2016 and has served with distinction. She will make an outstanding Chair, having deep experience in the mining industry and especially strong skills in ESG matters. I would also like to welcome Kathleen Sendall to our Board. Her strong background in responsible resource development will further provide the Board with strong oversight in ESG matters, which are so vitally important in today’s world and to our company. My decision to step down has nothing to do with the terrible scourge of COVID-19 that swept through the world in 2020 and made our business so difficult. Operations were suspended at many of our mines, and our entire team suffered tremendous strain, as workers at all our locations were threatened by the insidious coronavirus. Yet we will survive this pandemic and we will be a stronger company for it. I express great appreciation to every single employee for their efforts to support Pan American’s operations during this very difficult time in our history. Two words stand out for me now: PRIDE and GRATITUDE. I cannot fully express my pride at what we have built over the past 27 years, and my gratitude to all those who have helped make it happen along the way. From a simple idea that I had in March 1994 to build the world’s best silver mining company, which started as a shell company with no money, no properties and a $0.08 share price, Pan American has grown to become a silver industry icon. We are now the world’s second largest primary silver producer with the largest silver reserves and resources. We are also a large gold producer. We have ten mining operations in six countries, including Escobal in Guatemala that is currently suspended. Our operations employ approximately 12,500 people, and the company had a market value of approximately $7.3 billion at December 31, 2020. From a simple idea that I had in March 1994 to build the world’s best silver mining company… Pan American has grown to become a silver industry icon. It’s impossible to recount the adventures we’ve had along the way – there are simply too many. A lot of wins and plenty of losses too. But with steadfast work by thousands of our people, we became a major mining company and today we have never been stronger. It’s a good time for me to retire and let a new generation build Pan American into an even greater company. I feel so incredibly proud to have been at the helm in the formative stages of our world-class company, which today provides a livelihood for so many people in so many communities in the Americas. My gratitude extends to the many thousands who have contributed to the success of Pan American Silver. I’m going to start with our sterling team of employees. I’ve always felt that every single employee in our company has made a unique contribution to our success, from the miners at the face to the administrative teams at all our offices. I extend my thanks to each one of you! I offer special gratitude to our senior team with whom I’ve worked so closely for so many years. Many have left the company since our foundation in 1994, but their contributions are still felt today. For those that have continued, you know how much I appreciate your work in building our company. It’s difficult to single out any one individual for special acknowledgement, but I must do so, for without them Pan American would not have succeeded. These include my founding partner, John Wright, the two CEOs who followed me – Geoff Burns (2004-2016) and Michael Steinmann (2016 to present), and two of our top operating engineers - Andres Dasso and Steve Busby. These individuals know how much their contributions were essential to our success. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 5 19942020I also extend my thanks to all our contractors and consultants who support our operations, to the communities around our mines who help our business in so many ways, to the national governments in countries where we work for providing fair laws and regulatory oversight, and to the many international groups who provide equipment, services and advice to our business. I give special thanks to our Board of Directors who have guided Pan American since its inception, dedicating themselves to providing good advice and good governance. The result of all the hard work of our team and our Board over all these years is that Pan American is a highly respected company in the mining industry. Respected for fair treatment of its employees, providing a safe and healthy workplace, having good relations with its communities and government agencies, and for its excellence in engineering, exploration, operations and ESG practices. I’m also grateful for the support of our shareholders – you are all an integral part of our story. Some of you may be new but I know many shareholders have been with the company since the beginning, sharing all our The mining industry is essential for modern society to function, yet there are good and bad ways to mine. I know Pan American will constantly strive to be a leader in sustainable mining. ups and downs, our travails and our joys. Without your support we could never have financed our activities, built our mines, or explored our properties. Many things have changed in the past 27 years since Pan American’s inception. One big change has been the growth of exchange-traded funds and algorithm trading, the latter not looking at management quality or fundamental value in making decisions to buy or sell our shares. Yet our real value is built from our mining operations, from our growth prospects that come from successful exploration and acquisitions, prudent financial management that has resulted in a consistently strong balance sheet throughout the commodity cycle, and from our ESG practices that are so closely scrutinized by so many investors today. I am super confident that Pan American Silver has an exceptional future because I know how acutely these matters are being managed by our teams at every one of our locations. The need is urgent for global mining to operate ever more sustainably, to look after the natural environment even better, to reduce water usage and minimize land impacts as much as possible, to use renewable energy more and to strive for better resource efficiency everywhere. The mining industry is essential for modern society to function, yet there are good and bad ways to mine. I know Pan American will constantly strive to be a leader in sustainable mining, to provide silver, gold and other metals to support today’s industrial economy worldwide. One of my recommendations in 2020 was for Pan American to adopt a policy of no net loss of habitat to help protect biodiversity at our mine sites. It has been a special pleasure to build a world leader in silver production. Silver is the most diversely used of all metals, with more applications than any other. I remember many people saying when we started Pan American Silver in 1994 that “silver is yesterday’s metal – its biggest use is in photography, which will disappear with the advent of digital photography”. How wrong they were! Silver use has indeed nearly disappeared in traditional photography, but because silver is the best conductor of electricity, its use has exploded in nearly all digital products as the world goes ever more digital. In recent years, photovoltaic cells for solar energy now constitute the single largest use of silver, making silver an important part of the energy transition to clean, renewable power. Silver is indeed vital, and Pan American is connected to the global economy as an important supplier of this essential metal. In 1994, I started Pan American with a simple mission: to build the world’s best silver mining company while also gaining a reputation for excellence in all its activities. I am retiring with a great feeling of accomplishment, yet I also feel tremendous excitement to see where Pan American will go in the coming years. With such a strong base of operations, robust financials, an amazing management team and fabulous growth projects like Escobal in Guatemala, La Colorada in Mexico, and Navidad in Argentina, Pan American has never been in a better condition to continue its future as a world leader in silver mining. Pan American will always remain my most beloved business of the many I’ve been involved with. It has been a big part of my life, and I have a myriad of wonderful memories. Many of our senior managers have become dear, life-long friends. I will be retiring as Board Chair, but continuing as Chair Emeritus, remaining connected with the many Board members, employees, contractors, community leaders and shareholders who have helped our business over so many years. To each of you, please accept my profound thanks for your role in our success, for making my work fun (usually) and for helping build Pan American Silver into such a large, successful, and respected global enterprise. Good wishes and good luck to everyone. Respectfully submitted, “signed” ROSS BEATY, Chair march 15, 2021 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 6 2020Letter from the President & CEO The year 2020 was defined by the global COVID-19 pandemic, a humanitarian crisis that the world is still struggling to emerge from. Pan American immediately engaged our crisis response team when the pandemic was declared in March 2020. Our primary concern was to protect the health and safety of our people and the communities in which they live and work. We supplemented our existing community outreach programs by committing $2.0 million in donations of food and supplies, including the donation of a medical oxygen plant to the province of Cajabamba in Peru. In addition, we made a three-year, $1.5 million commitment to UNICEF Canada to support children and families affected by COVID-19. We implemented comprehensive COVID-19 protocols at all operations, including physical distancing measures, enhanced sanitization, and testing and screening for the virus. We introduced new programs to support workforce mental health, such as “PAAS Listens”, which enables employees to share their thoughts and concerns directly with senior leadership. This platform will remain part of our efforts to communicate with the workforce post the pandemic. The countries in Latin America where most of our operations are located took early, comprehensive action to combat the spread of the COVID-19 virus. These measures included national quarantines and suspension of non-essential activities. All our Latin American operations were placed in care and maintenance for an average of approximately two months during the first half of 2020, while our Huaron and Morococha were suspended again in the third quarter of 2020. COVID-19 protocols to protect health and safety also reduced production capacities and pressured costs across the operations. Our Timmins operation in Canada continued to operate throughout the year at reduced capacity rates to accommodate the COVID-19 related protocols. Despite these extraordinary challenges, we generated a record $462.3 million of operating cash flow in 2020. Notably, the gold assets that we acquired with the Tahoe Resources Inc. transaction generated $424 million of free cash flow since the acquisition closed in February 2019. By the end of 2020, we had fully repaid the approximately $335 million drawn on our Credit Facility to help fund the acquisition. At December 31, 2020, Pan American had no bank debt, while the cash and short-term investment balances increased to approximately $279.1 million. Our diversified portfolio of assets and the rise in precious metal prices contributed to our strong financial performance in 2020. We were also able to double our quarterly dividend in 2020 through two increases during the year. We distributed approximately $46.2 million in aggregate cash dividends, or $0.22 per common share. Together with the appreciation in the share price, total shareholder return in 2020 was 46.9%. Our diversified portfolio of assets and the rise in precious metal prices contributed to our strong financial performance in 2020. While production was lower than we had originally anticipated before the pandemic, the value of our assets and the long-term prospects for our business remain. Our near mine site exploration activities successfully converted resources to reserves and extended mine lives at several operations, most notably by discovering 10 million ounces of silver mineral reserves at La Colorada, 406,000 ounces of gold mineral reserves at Shahuindo, and 168,000 ounces of gold mineral reserves at La Arena. In addition to a solid operating base, our portfolio offers catalysts that have the potential to materially increase shareholder value. The inferred resource for our skarn deposit at La Colorada is now estimated at 100.4 million tonnes containing 141 million ounces of silver. We are continuing with an infill drilling program, early-stage engineering and metallurgical testing, aiming to provide a Preliminary Economic Assessment in late 2021. The ILO 169 consultation process that is required for a restart of the Escobal mine in Guatemala was delayed; first, by a change in government with the new PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 7 2020administration taking office in January 2020, and then by the COVID-19 pandemic. In early 2021, the Ministry of Energy and Mines in Guatemala and the Xinka People agreed to begin the pre-consultation stage in April 2021. We look forward to an inclusive process that respects the Xinka people’s right to consultation under the principles of good faith, mutual respect and transparency. Meanwhile, our care and maintenance program for the mine is focused on safely completing the actions required by our approved environmental management plan, ensuring the mine is in excellent condition for a possible restart, and to support the government led ILO 169 consultation process. In 2020, we made significant progress in deploying Towards Sustainable Mining protocols at the site. We know that achieving progress on these catalysts, and maintaining support for our existing operations, depends on our ability to demonstrate strong performance on ESG factors. Sustainability has been at the core of our business throughout our 27 years of operations, and we continue to set new goals to improve performance and manage risk. In 2020, we improved our disclosure on greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, and we hosted our first ESG call for investors. In 2021, we plan to expand our disclosure on climate risk in line with the TCFD recommendations in our Sustainability Report. The metal we produce is important in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The largest single industrial use of silver today is in photovoltaic cells that produce energy, and silver is widely used in electrical componentry. The investment case for precious metals has also been reaffirmed. The unprecedented level of monetary and fiscal stimulus has dramatically increased government debt levels, raising concerns of fiat currency debasements and inflation. Precious metals offer investors portfolio diversification. Pan American is committed to fostering a more diverse and inclusive work environment. In 2020, we adopted an Inclusion and Diversity Policy and I signed a pledge to the BlackNorth Initiative as a commitment to encourage advancement and remove barriers for Black, Asian and other racialized communities, Indigenous peoples, members of the LGBTQ+ community, persons with disabilities, and women. In addition, we increased the representation of women in our workforce through new hires and promotions, and we are proud to have welcomed Kathleen Sendall to our Board of Directors. I would like to thank our Board of Directors for their counsel, as we managed the dynamic and difficult environment that transpired over 2020. Mr. Ross Beaty, Founder and Chair of the Board of Directors, has informed the Board that he will retire as Chair and Director at our Annual General and Special Meeting in May 2021. Ross has been an important mentor to me, Sustainability has been at the core of our business throughout our 27 years of operations, and we continue to set new goals to improve performance and manage risk. providing guidance that has helped shape the decisions we have made at Pan American. I hope to continue benefiting from his perspective in his role as Chair Emeritus. The Board intends to appoint Ms. Gillian Winckler as Chair of the Board. Gill has been on the Pan American Board since 2016. She is a highly experienced mining professional with a strong background in ESG matters, and I am very much looking forward to working more closely with Gill. In closing, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the employees and contractors across our company. It is through their steadfast commitment and efforts that we have been able to successfully navigate the extraordinary challenges of the past year. The Pan American team demonstrated the resilience of our business, and our ability to support and create value for all our stakeholders. “signed” MICHAEL STEINMANN, President & CEO march 15, 2021 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 8 Management’s Discussion and Analysis FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 February 17, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Core Business and Strategy 2020 Highlights Environmental, Social, and Governance 2021 Operating Outlook Operating Performance Project Development Update Overview of Financial Results Acquisition of Tahoe Liquidity Position and Capital Resources Closure and Decommissioning Cost Provision Related Party Transactions Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures Risks and Uncertainties Significant Judgments and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Application of Accounting Policies Changes in Accounting Standards Disclosure Controls and Procedures Mineral Reserves and Resources and Technical Information Cautionary Note 10 11 11 13 17 24 41 41 55 51 55 55 57 66 73 73 73 75 79 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 9 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the significant factors that influence the performance of Pan American Silver Corp. and its subsidiaries (collectively “Pan American”, “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company”) and such factors that may affect its future performance. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Financial Statements”) and the related notes contained therein. All amounts in this MD&A and the 2020 Financial Statements are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”), unless identified otherwise. The Company reports its financial position, financial performance and cash flows in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). Pan American’s significant accounting policies are set out in Note 3 of the 2020 Financial Statements. This MD&A refers to various non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“non-GAAP”) measures, such as “all-in sustaining costs per ounce sold", “cash costs per ounce sold”, “adjusted earnings” and “basic adjusted earnings per share”, "total debt", "capital", and “working capital", which are used by the Company to manage and evaluate operating performance at each of the Company’s mines and are widely reported in the mining industry as benchmarks for performance, do not have standardized meanings under IFRS, and the methodology by which these measures are calculated may differ from similar measures reported by other companies. To facilitate a better understanding of these non-GAAP measures as calculated by the Company, additional information has been provided in this MD&A. Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed description of “all-in sustaining cost per ounce sold”, “cash costs per ounce sold”, “adjusted earnings“ and “basic adjusted earnings per share”, "total debt", "capital", and “working capital” as well as details of the Company’s by-product credits and a reconciliation, where appropriate, of these measures to the 2020 Financial Statements. Any reference to “Cash Costs” in this MD&A should be understood to mean cash costs per ounce of silver or gold sold, net of by-product credits. Any reference to “AISC” in this MD&A should be understood to mean all-in sustaining costs per silver or gold ounce sold, net of by-product credits. Except for historical information contained in this MD&A, the following disclosures are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws, or are future oriented financial information and as such, are based on an assumed set of economic conditions and courses of action. Please refer to the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements and information at the back of this MD&A and the “Risks Related to Pan American’s Business” contained in the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form on file with the Canadian provincial securities regulatory authorities and Form 40-F on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Additional information about Pan American and its business activities, including its Annual Information Form, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 10 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) CORE BUSINESS AND STRATEGY Pan American engages in silver and gold mining and related activities, including exploration, mine development, extraction, processing, refining and reclamation. The Company owns and operates silver and gold mines located in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia, and Canada. We also own the Escobal mine in Guatemala that is currently not operating. In addition, the Company is exploring for new silver deposits and opportunities throughout the Americas. The Company is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (Symbol: PAAS) and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) in New York (Symbol: PAAS). Pan American’s vision is to be the world’s premier silver mining company, with a reputation for excellence in discovery, engineering, innovation and sustainable development. Our strategy to achieve this vision is to: • Generate an attractive return on invested capital through the safe, efficient and environmentally sound development and operation of our assets. • • • • Constantly replace and grow our reserves and resources through targeted near-mine exploration and business development. Foster positive long-term relationships with our employees, shareholders, communities and local governments through open and honest communication and ethical and sustainable business practices. Continually search for opportunities to upgrade and improve the quality of our assets, both internally and through acquisition. Encourage our employees to be innovative, responsive and entrepreneurial. To execute this strategy, Pan American has assembled a sector-leading team of mining professionals with a depth of knowledge and experience in all aspects of our business, which enables the Company to confidently advance early stage projects through construction and into operation. 2020 HIGHLIGHTS Operations Coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") pandemic impact Pan American's normal operations in Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Bolivia were suspended for an average duration of approximately two months during the first half of 2020 in order to comply with mandatory national quarantines imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Huaron and Morococha operations were suspended for another approximately three months through the third quarter of 2020. The Company conducted care and maintenance activities at the suspended operations until the government restrictions were lifted and Pan American determined it was safe to resume operations. During these suspensions, limited production continued from the circulation of process solutions on the heap leach pads at the Shahuindo and La Arena open pit operations in Peru and the Dolores open pit operation in Mexico. Pan American incurred care and maintenance costs for the COVID-19 related mine suspensions of $75.1 million in 2020, inclusive of depreciation and amortization related to fixed assets. Following the restart of operations, production was below normal capacity rates in order to accommodate COVID-19 related protocols to help protect the health and safety of our workforce and communities. Implementation of COVID-19 related protocols also resulted in the Timmins operation in Canada operating below normal capacity rates; however, operations at Timmins were not suspended during 2020. Further discussion on the operational status of each mine is included in the "2020 Operating Performance" section of this MD&A under the sub-heading "Impact of COVID-19". The COVID-19 pandemic also delayed progress on certain capital projects in 2020, resulting in approximately $50.0 million to $60.0 million of sustaining and project capital being deferred into 2021. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 11 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Due to the uncertainties regarding the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, in May 2020, the Company withdrew its 2020 annual production, Cash Costs, AISC and capital expenditure forecasts, as provided in the 2019 annual MD&A dated March 12, 2020 (the "Original 2020 Forecasts"). The Company subsequently issued a new 2020 annual forecast in the Q2 2020 MD&A dated August 5, 2020 (the "August 2020 Forecast"). In the MD&A for the third quarter of 2020 ("Q3 2020"), dated November 4, 2020, management further revised forecasts for 2020 annual silver production and capital expenditures (the "Revised 2020 Forecast"). A comparison of 2020 results to the Revised 2020 Forecast is included and discussed in the 2020 Operating Performance section of this MD&A. Silver production of 17.3 million ounces Consolidated silver production for 2020 of 17.3 million ounces was 8.6 million ounces less than in 2019, mainly reflecting COVID-19 related mine suspensions and restricted capacities. 2020 silver production was less than the Revised 2020 Forecast range of 18.0 to 19.0 million ounces, largely due to the production shortfall at La Colorada from the impact of the loss of a ventilation raise from surface in Q4 2020. Gold production of 522.4 thousand ounces Consolidated gold production for 2020 of 522.4 thousand ounces was 36.7 thousand ounces less than in 2019, largely reflecting the same COVID-19 related factors that affected 2020 silver production, partially offset by continued limited production at the Gold Segment mines during their suspensions from circulation of process solutions on the heap leach pads, and better ability to operate the open pit mines at rates closer to design capacity than in the underground mines where social distancing measures are more restrictive. 2020 gold production was slightly lower than the Revised 2020 Forecast range of 525.0 to 575.0 thousand ounces. Base metal production Zinc production in 2020 of 40.2 thousand tonnes was lower than 2019, primarily due to the impact of COVID-19, and was within management's Revised 2020 Forecast production range of 40.0 to 43.0 thousand tonnes. Lead production in 2020 of 15.7 thousand tonnes was lower than 2019, due to the impact of COVID-19, and was below management's Revised 2020 Forecast production range of 17.0 to 18.0 thousand tonnes. Copper production in 2020 of 5.2 thousand tonnes was lower than 2019, and above management's Revised 2020 Forecast production range of 4.3 to 4.9 thousand tonnes. Financial Revenue, net earnings, and operating cash flows Revenue in 2020 of $1.34 billion was 1% lower than in 2019, reflecting decreased quantities of metal sold offset by higher realized precious metal prices. Quantities of metals sold were largely impacted by the COVID-19 related mine suspensions and throughput reductions. Revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020 ("Q4 2020") of $430.5 million was a Company quarterly record. Net earnings of $176.5 million ($0.85 basic income per share) was recorded for 2020 compared with $111.2 million ($0.55 basic income per share) in 2019. The $65.2 million year-over-year increase mainly reflects: a $130.9 million increase in mine operating earnings; a $40.1 million decrease in impairment charges, with no impairment charges or impairment reversals recorded in 2020; a $9.2 million decrease in interest and finance expense; and a $7.5 million decrease in transaction and integration costs; all partially offset by a $78.4 million increase in care and maintenance costs, reflecting the COVID-19 related mine suspensions; a $4.3 million increase in income tax expense; a $21.7 million decrease in investment income; and a $17.1 million increase in other expenses. Adjusted earnings: in 2020 were $243.4 million, representing basic adjusted earnings per share of $1.16, which was $85.4 million, or $0.37 per share, higher than 2019 adjusted earnings of $158.0 million, and basic adjusted earnings per share of $0.78, respectively. Cash flow from operations: in 2020 totaled $462.3 million for a Company record, which was $180.3 million more than the $282.0 million generated in 2019. Cash flow from operations in Q4 2020 of $170.6 million was also a Company quarterly record. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 12 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Liquidity and working capital As at December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and short-term investment balances of $279.1 million, working capital of $495.2 million, and the full $500.0 million available under its revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility"), following repayment in Q4 2020 of the remaining $90.0 million drawn amount. Total debt of $33.6 million was related to lease liabilities. Cash costs per ounce sold Silver Segment 2020 cash costs were $7.05 per silver ounce sold, in-line with the Revised 2020 Forecast range of $6.20 to $7.70 per silver ounce sold. Gold Segment 2020 cash costs were $797 per gold ounce sold, which was slightly lower than the Revised 2020 Forecast range of $800 to $860 per gold ounce sold. Cash Costs is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of this measure to the 2020 Financial Statements. All-in Sustaining Costs per ounce sold (“AISC”) Silver Segment 2020 AISC were $11.38 per silver ounce sold, in-line with the Revised 2020 Forecast range of $10.50 to $12.50 per silver ounce sold. Gold Segment 2020 AISC were $1,011 per gold ounce sold, which was lower than the Revised 2020 Forecast range of $1,050 to $1,125 per gold ounce sold. Consolidated 2020 AISC per silver ounce sold, including by-product credits from the Gold Segment mines, were negative $(3.29) per silver ounce sold, which was lower than the Revised 2020 Forecast range of $(3.00) to $0.75 per silver ounce sold. AISC is a non-GAAP measure. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of this measure to the 2020 Financial Statements. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE Pan American is committed to the principles of sustainable development and conducting our activities in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. Our core environmental, social, governance ("ESG") values are: caring for the environment in which we operate; contributing to the long-term development of our host communities; ensuring safe and secure workplaces for our employees; contributing to the welfare of our employees, local communities and governments; and, operating transparently. The Company sets annual corporate performance goals with an effort to instill a high level of understanding and commitment by those who carry out our day-to-day business activities. These goals and performance relative to them are reported in our sustainability report, which also includes our ESG, and health and safety performance. Our 2019 sustainability report (the "Sustainability Report") released on May 8, 2020 is available on our website at www.panamericansilver.com, and the Company plans to release an updated 2020 sustainability report (the "2020 Sustainability Report") in the early part of the second quarter of 2021. On September 14, 2020 the Company hosted its first "Responsible Investor Conference Call" where senior members of the Company's management team discussed the Company's approach and performance on ESG matters, the key opportunities and challenges regarding our sustainability strategy, and the Company's 2019 Sustainability Report, and responded to questions from investors and analysts. A webcast of this call along with the related presentation slides are available on our website at www.panamericansilver.com. As part of our commitment to driving global sustainable development and contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, we became signatories to the United Nations Global Compact in July 2020. As a signatory, in 2021 we will begin reporting on our progress implementing the United Nations Global Compact Principles into business operations. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 13 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Governance Pan American adheres to high standards of corporate governance and closely follows the requirements established by both the Canadian Securities Administrators and the SEC. We believe that our current corporate governance systems meet or exceed these requirements. The Company's board of directors (the "Board of Directors" or "Board") oversees the direction and strategy of the business and the affairs of the Company. The Board is comprised of eight directors, six of whom were independent as at December 31, 2020. The Board’s wealth of experience allows it to effectively oversee the development of corporate strategies, provide management with long-term direction, consider and approve major decisions, oversee the business generally and evaluate corporate performance. The Nominating and Governance Committee, appointed by the Board, oversees the effective functioning of the Board and the implementation of governance best practices. We believe that good corporate governance is important to the effective performance of the Company, and plays a significant role in protecting the interests of all stakeholders while helping to maximize value. The Health, Safety, Environment, and Communities Committee ("HSEC Committee") of the Board provides oversight related to health and safety and guidance to management in ensuring mine operations and project development are conducted in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. The full charter of the HSEC Committee is available at www.panamericansilver.com. At the management level, we have established an ESG Committee comprised of cross-departmental senior and executive management representatives, including: the Chief Executive Officer; the Chief Operating Officer; the Chief Financial Officer; the Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs and Sustainability; the General Counsel; the Senior Vice President, Technical Services & Process Optimization; the Vice President, Sustainability, Diversity and Inclusion; the Vice President, Environment; and, the Vice President, Mineral Processing, Tailings & Dams. The ESG Committee meets frequently and is responsible for establishing and overseeing the Company's ESG policies and performance, and monitoring the Company's human rights programs. Health and Safety Pan American is deeply committed to protecting the health, safety and well-being of our employees, contractors, suppliers, and communities where we operate. We believe that operating safe mines and building a culture of safety are directly related to our operational success and the ability to create long-term value for all our stakeholders. Environmental Environmental Stewardship We are committed to operating our mines and developing our new projects in an environmentally responsible manner. Guided by our Environmental Policy, we take measures to minimize and mitigate the environmental impacts of our operations in each phase of the mine life cycle, from early exploration through development, construction and operation, up to and after the mine’s closure. We are actively implementing the Mining Association of Canada’s Towards Sustainable Mining ("TSM") program at all of our mines. We have a company-wide goal, connected to our annual executive compensation plan, of incurring zero significant environmental incidents ("SEI") at our operations. An SEI is defined as an incident that has a direct negative impact on the environment, or the communities outside the Company's mines or project sites, including environmental incidents that significantly impact communities' perceptions of the Company. We have had no SEIs in 2020 or in 2021 as of the date of this MD&A. We conduct corporate environmental audits of our operations to monitor and continuously improve environmental performance. Environmental staff from the mines periodically assist the corporate environmental team in conducting these audits, which improves commitment, definition and adoption of best practices, and PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 14 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) integration and consolidation of company-wide standards across our operations. In 2020 a corporate environmental audit was conducted on the La Colorada operation. In 2019, environmental audits were conducted on the Manantial Espejo, La Arena, and Shahuindo mines. No material issues were identified in either the 2020 or 2019 environmental audits. The corporate audit program was restricted in 2020 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Climate Strategy We recognize that climate change is a threat to the global environment, society, our stakeholders and our business. We support the recommendations from the Financial Stability Board Task Force on Climate Related Financial Disclosure ("TCFD"), and we are working towards their implementation, targeting 2021 for the release of our first TCFD-aligned report. In 2020, we started work on climate-related goals for 2021 and climate change risk analysis for TCFD reporting purposes, including transitional risks. The Company plans to include in the 2020 Sustainability Report details on the approach and status of management's assessment of climate change related risks and opportunities facing the Company. The nature of such risks are expected to include, but are not necessarily limited to, the climate change risks further described in the Risk and Uncertainties section of this MD&A. We will also continue to report on our emissions, targeted emission reductions, climate risks and other climate-related actions in our annual sustainability reports. Tailings We continuously work to ensure that all tailings storage facilities, dams, heap leach pads, and waste stockpiles are robustly designed, built, operated, maintained and closed in accordance with our internal standards, the TSM Tailings Management protocol, the Canadian Dam Association guidelines, and known global best practices in order to prevent any incidents or failures. Our tailings storage facilities and water dams are subject to routine inspections, audits, geotechnical and environmental monitoring, annual reviews, and independent reviews to continually improve systems and methods in order to minimize potential harm associated with these long-term facilities. In 2020, we advanced the implementation of the TSM protocols at all of our sites and ensured safe management of tailings facilities during mine suspensions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. All installations are in satisfactory condition, and continue to be monitored to confirm readings and trends are acceptable. Water We recognize competition to access valuable water resources is intensifying in the regions where we operate due to population growth, economic development, degraded water quality and climate change. Our effective water stewardship is essential to secure access to valuable water resources, protecting shared resources, respecting the rights of other water users, and where possible avoiding impacts that may occur within and beyond our operating boundaries. This involves developing comprehensive understandings in the quantity, quality, competing rights and uses, and renewability of the water resource regimes that has been allocated to our business and closely managing our use of freshwater, investigating ways of using water more efficiently, minimizing negative impacts on water quality and, in many instances, developing access to water resources for regional benefits that were previously unknown or undeveloped. In 2020, we continued to implement the TSM Water Stewardship protocol and had no material incidents or non- compliance related to water in the quarter. Corporate Social Responsibility Supporting Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a humanitarian crisis in many of the communities where Pan American operates. The Company is engaging with its communities to better understand the effects of the pandemic on its residents and how we can support them during this time. Pan American has committed to donate $2.0 million towards food, hygiene and medical supplies, and personal protection equipment; and included the donation of an PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 15 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) oxygen plant from our Shahuindo operation to the Cajambamba province of Peru. The oxygen plant supplies oxygen to local hospitals and health care centres in the Cajamarca region. The Company is also providing health care support, assisting with sanitation efforts, and facilitating access to education. At the request of some of the communities, we paused the implementation of our local economic development programs earlier in 2020. Most of these programs are now in the process of being resumed. In 2020, Pan American entered into a 3-year, $1.5 million partnership commitment with UNICEF Canada to provide health and education to vulnerable children in Latin America affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Community Engagement We have adopted formal policies, procedures, and industry best practices to manage our impacts and contribute to the social and economic development of local communities. Our social management framework provides a consistent methodology for measuring and tracking social impacts and sustainability performance across our mines, while offering the flexibility needed to tailor our approach to the circumstances of each operation. Components of our management framework include: • • • • Community teams at each operation are responsible for community engagement, impact management, and program implementation. Response mechanisms help us understand and respond to community questions, concerns or complaints around the perceived or actual impacts of our activities. Participatory baseline assessments conducted with communities and third parties help us understand a community’s social context, the potential impacts of our activities, and communities of interest and vulnerable groups. Programs and initiatives intended to provide long-term sustainable benefits are designed in collaboration with communities. We conduct social audits at all operations to help us monitor and manage the impacts of our activities on communities, our work force, and in our regional supply chains. Our audit framework is based on the ISO 26000 guidance on social responsibility and incorporates content from best practices and other standards, including the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, as well as the TSM Protocol on Community and Aboriginal Relationships. During 2020, we conducted a social audit of the Manantial Espejo operation in Argentina. Human Rights In 2019, Pan American adopted its Global Human Rights Policy that is based on the three pillars of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. This policy consolidates several of our existing objectives in the areas of environment, labour, diversity and social responsibility. It formalizes our approach to fostering a positive human rights culture throughout our organization and our work to prevent, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts from our activities on our employees, communities, and other external stakeholders. We took additional steps to align with international human rights best practices in 2019 and conducted a gap assessment of our security practices against the requirements of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights and UNICEF Canada’s Child Rights and Security Checklist at two of our three operations with armed security forces: La Colorada in Mexico and Escobal in Guatemala. In 2020, we completed the final assessment at Dolores in Mexico. Our on-going community engagement, social audit process, and response mechanisms are designed to help us identify actual and potential human rights risks resulting from our activities and take appropriate steps to manage and mitigate these risks. Our social audit process screens for human rights risks in the provisions of certain contractor and subcontractor agreements, as well as from contractor security practices. Our Supplier Code of Conduct provides an additional framework to help manage human rights risks in our supply chain. We also follow PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 16 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) the guidelines set by the World Gold Council’s Conflict-Free Gold Standard, which helps us ensure that our actions do not contribute to human rights violations. In December 2020, Pan American adopted an Inclusion and Diversity Policy, which provides guidance on standards of conduct that must be followed by our directors, officers, employees, contractors and business partners acting on behalf of or representing Pan American. The Policy is available at panamericansilver.com. Indigenous Rights Pan American recognizes and respects the rights, cultures, heritage and interests of indigenous peoples. We are committed to building and maintaining positive relationships with indigenous groups through on-going engagement, and identification of mutually beneficial opportunities. Through our acquisition (the "Tahoe Acquisition") of Tahoe Resources Inc. ("Tahoe"), we now control three mining properties located near Indigenous communities – our Timmins West and Bell Creek operating mines (collectively, "Timmins") in Canada and the Escobal mine in Guatemala. Mining operations at Escobal are suspended while the government of Guatemala completes an International Labour Organization 169 ("ILO 169") consultation process with local Indigenous communities. 2021 OPERATING OUTLOOK These estimates are forward-looking statements and information that are subject to the cautionary note associated with forward-looking statements and information at the end of this MD&A. We may revise forecasts during the year to reflect actual results to date and those anticipated for the remainder of the year. The 2021 production, cash costs and AISC outlooks for each mine are further discussed in the "2021 Mine Operation Forecasts" section of this MD&A. 2021 Silver and Gold Production, Cash Costs and AISC Forecasts: Silver Segment: La Colorada Huaron Morococha (92.3%)(2) San Vicente (95.0%)(3) Manantial Espejo/COSE/Joaquin Total(4,5) Gold Segment: Dolores Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Total(4,5) Total Production(5) Consolidated Silver Basis(6) Silver Production Gold Production (million ounces) (thousand ounces) Cash Costs ($ per ounce)(1) AISC ($ per ounce)(1) 7.16 - 7.44 3.61 - 3.86 2.25 - 2.42 3.23 - 3.37 3.18 - 3.46 19.43 - 20.55 2.73 - 2.97 0.29 - 0.43 0.03 0.02 3.07 - 3.45 22.50 - 24.00 n/a 4.0 - 4.2 0.5 0.8 - 0.9 0.5 33.2 - 35.3 39.0 - 41.4 160.8 - 179.3 153.9 - 165.0 102.9 - 110.9 148.4 - 158.5 566.0 - 613.7 605.0 - 655.1 n/a 4.00 - 5.00 4.80 - 7.90 10.00 - 14.20 12.30 - 13.50 16.30 - 17.30 8.50 - 10.00 665 - 820 715 - 795 870 - 940 1,085 - 1,160 825 - 925 n/a n/a 8.50 - 9.50 9.50 - 12.50 13.50 - 17.50 16.75 - 17.75 19.00 - 20.00 12.50 - 14.00 850 - 1,000 1,125 - 1,250 1,275 - 1,400 1,375 - 1,450 1,135 - 1,250 n/a (2.80) - 2.70 (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for further information on these measures. The cash costs and AISC forecasts assume average metal prices of $23.50/oz for silver, $1,825/oz for gold, $2,700/tonne ($1.22/lb) for zinc, $1,900/tonne ($0.86/lb) for lead, and $7,400/tonne ($3.36/lb) for copper; and average annual exchange rates relative to 1 USD of 20.00 for the Mexican peso ("MXN"), 3.50 for the Peruvian sol ("PEN"), 96.67 for the Argentine peso ("ARS"), 7.00 for the Bolivian boliviano ("BOB"), and $1.30 for the Canadian dollar ("CAD"). (2) Morococha data represents Pan American’s 92.3% interest in the mine's production. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 17 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) (3) San Vicente data represents Pan American’s 95.0% interest in the mine's production. (4) Silver Segment Cash Costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized revenues from all metals other than silver and are calculated per ounce of silver sold. Gold Segment Cash Costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized silver revenues and are calculated per ounce of gold sold. (5) Totals may not add due to rounding. (6) Consolidated AISC is calculated per silver ounce sold with total gold revenues included within by-product credits. General and administrative ("G&A") and greenfield exploration costs are included in the consolidated AISC, but not allocated in calculating AISC for each operation. The 2021 forecast assumes operations will continue to be impacted by comprehensive COVID-19 protocols, which increase costs and restrict throughput levels, especially at our underground mines. The impact of COVID-19 on operations is expected to diminish over the course of 2021, as vaccinations are deployed throughout our operating jurisdictions later in the year. For the first quarter of 2021, we assume operations will experience the full effect of COVID-19 restrictions, similar to Q4 2020. We assume the impact of restrictions declines to 75% in the second quarter, 50% in the third quarter and 25% in the fourth quarter of 2021. The first quarter of 2022 is assumed to be the first period that will be free of COVID-19 restrictions, allowing operations to run at full capacity. The impact regarding the restrictions could improve or worsen relative to our assumptions, depending on how each jurisdiction manages potential outbreaks of COVID-19, the development and supply of vaccines, and the roll-out of vaccination programs in each jurisdiction. The Company has forecast 2021 silver production of 22.50 to 24.00 million ounces, representing a 30% to 39% increase over the 2020 consolidated production of 17.31 million ounces, as operating restrictions related to COVID-19 begin to diminish over 2021. The silver production guidance for 2021 reflects: the decline in silver grades and increase in gold grades at Dolores from mine sequencing; restricted mining rates at La Colorada during the first half of the year due to the replacement of ventilation infrastructure; and a continued scarcity of qualified underground mining personnel in southern Argentina due to inter-provincial travel restrictions, which results in reduced production rates at Manantial Espejo, COSE and Joaquin while extending the mine lives by approximately one year. Gold production in 2021 is expected to be between 605.0 thousand and 655.1 thousand ounces, which is an increase of between 16% and 25% from 2020 production levels. The expected increase is primarily driven from the higher gold production at Dolores due to an expected 40% to 45% increase in gold grades, as well as the assumption that operating restrictions related to COVID-19 begin to diminish over 2021. Due to the expected gold production at Dolores, the Company has determined that the mine is better identified as a Gold Segment operation. As such, the Company will report Dolores cash costs and AISC in 2021 on a per ounce of gold basis and include it as part of its Gold Segment cash costs and AISC calculations. Silver Segment cash costs for 2021 are forecast to be between $8.50 and $10.00 per payable ounce of silver, while Silver Segment AISC are expected to be between $12.50 and $14.00 per ounce, which compare to 2020 Silver Segment cash costs and AISC of $7.05 and $11.38, respectively. The expected increases relative to 2020 are primarily driven by the reallocation of Dolores from the Silver Segment, as the 2020 cash costs and AISC, exclusive of Dolores, were $10.14 and $13.10, respectively. Excluding the impact from moving Dolores into the Gold Segment, Silver Segment cash costs are expected to decrease in 2021 due to higher by-product credits from higher price assumptions and better grades at Manantial Espejo and San Vicente, which should more than offset increased operating costs. Similarly, Silver Segment AISC are expected to decrease from 2020 AISC (excluding Dolores) due to higher grades and by-product credits, despite higher anticipated sustaining capital investments for several long life projects, such as tailings storage facility expansions and other mine infrastructure. Gold Segment cash costs for 2021 are forecast to be between $825 and $925 per payable ounce of gold, while Gold Segment AISC are expected to be between $1,135 and $1,250 per ounce, which compare to 2020 Gold Segment cash costs and AISC of $797 and $1,011, respectively. The expected increase in the Gold Segment unit cost per ounce metrics are primarily due to higher waste mining at La Arena and Shahuindo from an increase in the waste-to-ore strip ratio and increased costs in consumables and community spending, as well as increased capital spending at Shahuindo, La Arena and Timmins, as described in the "2021 Capital Expenditure Forecasts" section, which largely reflects the deferral of major projects from 2020 into 2021. The increases at Shahuindo, La PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 18 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Arena and Timmins are expected to be partially offset by the reallocation of Dolores into the Gold Segment, which is expected to be our lowest unit cost per ounce producer in 2021. Consolidated AISC (on a silver basis, net of by-product credits) in 2021 is forecast to be between negative $2.80 and positive $2.70 compared to the negative $3.29 per ounce recorded in 2020. The expected increase in AISC is largely driven by higher anticipated capital spending. 2021 Consolidated Base Metal Production Forecasts: Consolidated Production 60.7 - 64.5 23.4 - 25.7 Zinc (kt) Lead (kt) Copper (kt) 7.1 - 8.0 Base metal production is expected to increase for zinc, lead and copper in 2021 compared to 2020. The expected increases are largely due to an assumption of steadily increasing operating capacity at all underground mines during 2021, given the assumption of gradually decreasing pandemic impacts. 2021 Capital Expenditure Forecasts Pan American expects sustaining capital expenditure of between $245.0 million and $260.0 million in 2021, which is an increase from the $162.0 million invested in 2020. In addition, Pan American expects to invest between $55.0 million and $60.0 million in project capital, primarily to advance the skarn deposit at La Colorada and for exploration drilling of the Wetmore project adjacent to the Bell Creek Mine. Approximately $50.0 million to $60.0 million of sustaining and project capital was deferred into 2021 from 2020 due to COVID-19 related delays. The following table details the forecast capital expenditures at the Company's operations and projects in 2021: La Colorada Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Dolores Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Sustaining Capital Total La Colorada Skarn Timmins Expansion Project Capital Total Total Capital 2021 Forecast Capital Investment ($ millions) 27.0 - 29.5 14.5 - 15.5 6.0 - 7.0 13.5 - 14.5 6.5 - 7.5 26.0 - 30.0 66.5 - 68.0 44.5 - 45.0 40.5 - 43.0 245.0 - 260.0 50.0 - 55.0 5.0 55.0 - 60.0 300.0 - 320.0 The forecast 2021 sustaining capital is related primarily to the following activities: • La Colorada - underground ventilation infrastructure improvements, mine equipment replacement and refurbishments, tailing storage facility expansions and near-mine exploration; • Huaron - a tailings storage facility expansion, mine deepening and infrastructure investments, mine equipment replacements, and near-mine exploration; • Morococha - near-mine exploration and mine equipment additions and replacements; • San Vicente - a tailings storage facility expansion, mine infrastructure and equipment replacements, and near-mine exploration; PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 19 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) • Manantial Espejo - a tailings storage facility expansion, and lease payments related to on-site electricity generation; • Dolores - heap leach pad expansions, mine equipment refurbishments, and mine infrastructure and plant • • • upgrades; Shahuindo - heap leach pad expansions, waste rock storage facility expansions and other mine infrastructure, land purchases and near-mine exploration; La Arena - open pit mine waste pre-stripping, waste rock storage facility expansions, leach pad expansions, and near-mine exploration; and, Timmins - tailings storage facility expansions, mine equipment replacements and refurbishments, mill upgrades, and near-mine exploration. Forecast 2021 project capital consists of: • • La Colorada - continued exploration and in-fill drilling, early stage engineering and metallurgical testing for the skarn discovery; camp upgrades; and a refrigeration unit to address temperatures in the underground mine, which appear to increase at depth. The investment in camp upgrades and the refrigeration unit is expected to benefit the current operation, and especially the long-term development of the skarn deposit; Timmins - underground development from the existing Bell Creek workings at depth and exploration expenditures related to the Wetmore project. 2021 Care & Maintenance and General & Administrative Expense Forecast Forecast care and maintenance expense for 2021 is $22.0 million to $23.5 million, and is comprised of $20.0 million to $21.0 million for the Escobal mine and $2.0 million to $2.5 million for the Navidad project. Annual corporate general and administrative expense, including share-based compensation, is forecast to be between $39.0 million and $42.0 million in 2021. 2021 Exploration Expenditures Forecast Exploration expenditures in 2021, including amounts that will be expensed and capitalized, are expected to total approximately $42.0 million, comprised of: (1) $12.5 million for 105,000 metres of near-mine brownfield exploration drilling targeting reserve replacement, which is included in the forecast for 2021 sustaining capital expenditures for each mine, (2) $8.0 million in regional, greenfield exploration in Peru, Mexico and Canada and corporate overhead; and (3) $22.0 million for drilling the La Colorada skarn and adjacent vein systems, as well as exploring the Wetmore project adjacent to the Bell Creek mine in Timmins, which is included in the forecast for 2021 project capital expenditures. 2021 Mine Operation Forecasts Management's expectations for each mine’s 2021 operating performance, including production, cash costs, and AISC, are provided below: La Colorada operation Silver production is forecast to be between 7.16 and 7.44 million ounces in 2021, which is 42% to 48% more than the 5.02 million ounces produced in 2020. The expected increase is driven primarily by higher throughput rates and higher grades, as the ventilation systems are restored and operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year. Cash costs per silver ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $4.00 and $5.00, significantly lower than the $6.99 recorded in 2020, given the higher production from higher throughput and grades. AISC in 2021 is forecast to be between $8.50 and $9.50 per silver ounce, lower than the $10.80 achieved in 2020, driven by the same factors affecting cash costs, partially offset by higher sustaining capital per ounce in 2021 for PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 20 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) investments in ventilation and tailings storage projects and because of the COVID-19 related deferral of certain projects from 2020 into 2021. Huaron operation Silver production is forecast to be between 3.61 to 3.86 million ounces in 2021, which is 68% to 80% higher than the 2.15 million ounces produced in 2020, reflecting higher anticipated throughput as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year. The higher throughput is similarly expected to result in an increase in base metal production, offset by slightly lower grades from mine sequencing. Cash costs per silver ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $4.80 and $7.90, an increase from the 2020 cash costs of $3.77 per ounce. Higher cost per tonne estimates for 2021 are based on assumptions for modest escalations in wages and consumable costs and increased depth of mining, partially offset by higher by-product credits from higher base metal price assumptions. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $9.50 and $12.50 per silver ounce, higher than the $6.53 per ounce achieved in 2020. The anticipated increase in AISC reflects higher operating costs and higher sustaining capital from the COVID-19 related deferral of certain projects from 2020 into 2021. Morococha operation Silver production is forecast to be between 2.25 and 2.42 million ounces in 2021, approximately double the 1.17 million ounces produced in 2020. The expected increase reflects higher anticipated throughput, as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year, and slightly higher grades. The higher throughput is similarly expected to result in an increase in base metal production, which more than offsets lower base metal grades from mine sequencing. Cash costs per silver ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $10.00 and $14.20, comparable to the 2020 cash costs of $11.40 per ounce. AISC is forecast to be between $13.50 and $17.50 per silver ounce in 2021, significantly lower than the $18.38 per ounce reported in 2020. The decrease largely reflects lower anticipated sustaining capital per ounce in 2021, given the higher production. San Vicente operation Silver production is forecast to be between 3.23 and 3.37 million ounces in 2021, a meaningful increase over 2020 production of 2.32 million ounces. The expected increase reflects higher anticipated throughput, as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year, and higher grades from mine sequencing. The higher throughput and grades are similarly expected to result in an increase in lead and zinc production, while copper production is expected to decrease due to changes in the commercialization strategy. Cash costs per silver ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $12.30 and $13.50, which is between $2.04 and $3.24 per ounce lower than 2020 cash costs of $15.54 per ounce. The expected decrease is driven by higher by- product credits per ounce from increased zinc grade and improved concentrate treatment terms, partially offset by higher operating costs, including an increase in royalties based on price assumptions. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $16.75 and $17.75 per silver ounce, slightly lower than the $17.94 per ounce recorded in 2020. The expected decrease is due to the same factors affecting the cash costs forecast, partially offset by higher sustaining capital from the COVID-19 related deferral of certain projects from 2020 into 2021. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 21 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Manantial Espejo operation Silver production is forecast to be between 3.18 and 3.46 million ounces in 2021, which is between 25% and 36% higher than the 2.55 million ounces produced in 2020. Gold production in 2021 is forecast to be between 33.2 and 35.3 thousand ounces, which is between 42% and 51% higher than the 23.4 thousand ounces produced in 2020. The expected increase reflects higher anticipated throughput, particularly from the higher grade COSE and Joaquin operations, as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year. Cash costs per silver ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $16.30 to $17.30, an increase from the 2020 cash costs of $15.68. The expected increase is primarily the result of an assumption that local inflationary pressures will lead to increased wage and consumable costs in dollar terms, and the additional costs for the mining, trucking and processing of COSE and Joaquin ores. These factors increasing costs are partially offset by higher gold by-product credits due to the higher gold grades from COSE displacing low-grade stockpile ores. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $19.00 and $20.00 per silver ounce, higher than the $15.80 per ounce reported in 2020. AISC is expected to increase due to the same factors affecting cash costs, as well as slightly higher sustaining capital. Dolores operation Gold production in 2021 is forecast to be between 160.8 and 179.3 thousand ounces, which is between 64% and 83% higher than the 98.0 thousand ounces produced in 2020. Silver production is forecast to be between 2.73 and 2.97 million ounces in 2021, which is 21% to 28% lower than the 3.78 million ounces produced in 2020. The expected increase in gold production and decrease in silver production is primarily driven by planned mine sequencing into higher gold grade but lower silver grade zones in the open pit at depth. Cash costs per gold ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $665 and $820 per ounce, compared to $824 per gold ounce had Dolores been reported as a Gold Segment operation in 2020. The expected decrease in cash costs is driven by higher gold grades, despite the lower silver grades expected in 2021, and an increase in operating costs from a higher proportion of non-capitalized open pit waste mining expenditures. AISC in 2021 is forecast to be between $850 and $1,000 per gold ounce, significantly lower than the $1,189 had Dolores been reported as a Gold Segment operation in 2020. The expected decrease is due to the same factors affecting cash costs, in addition to lower sustaining capital per ounce, largely from a lower open pit strip ratio resulting in lower open pit pre-stripping in 2021. Shahuindo operation Gold production is forecast to be between 153.9 and 165.0 thousand ounces in 2021, an increase from the 142.4 thousand ounces produced in 2020. The expected increase reflects higher anticipated throughput, as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year, partially offset by a decrease in the ratio of ounces produced to gold ounces placed on the heap due to expected leach sequencing during 2021. Cash costs per gold ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $715 and $795, up from the 2020 cash costs of $588 per ounce. The expected increase results from: a higher open pit waste strip ratio, operating cost increases for wages and consumables; greater consumption of consumables in the processing circuit; and higher community expenses. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $1,125 and $1,250 per gold ounce, which is $375 to $500 higher than the 2020 AISC of $750 per ounce, reflecting the increase in cash costs, as well as higher sustaining capital from the COVID-19 related deferral of certain projects from 2020 into 2021. La Arena operation Gold production is forecast to be between 102.9 and 110.9 thousand ounces in 2021, consistent with the 105.4 thousand ounces produced in 2020 as throughput, grades and recoveries are expected to be relatively stable year- over-year. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 22 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Cash costs per gold ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $870 and $940, which is $149 to $219 higher than 2020 cash costs of $721, largely due to an increase in open pit waste mining, expected cost increases in wages and consumables, and community expenses. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $1,275 and $1,400 per gold ounce, which is between $166 to $291 higher than the $1,109 per ounce reported in 2020 due to the increase in cash costs previously mentioned, as well as higher sustaining capital per ounce. The increase in sustaining capital is primarily from a higher open pit strip ratio and an increase in deferred stripping, which reflect the extension of the mine life following significant exploration success, as disclosed in our 2020 mineral reserves and resources update. Timmins operation Gold production is forecast to be between 148.4 and 158.5 thousand ounces in 2021, comparable to the 148.4 thousand ounces produced in 2020, and reflects higher anticipated throughput, as the operating restrictions related to COVID-19 diminish during the year. Cash costs per gold ounce in 2021 are forecast to be between $1,085 and $1,160, slightly higher than the 2020 cash costs of $1,061. The expected increase primarily reflects an assumption that the Canadian dollar will appreciate relative to the US Dollar in 2021, and for modest cost increases of wages and consumables. AISC for 2021 is forecast to be between $1,375 and $1,450 per gold ounce, higher than 2020 AISC of $1,213 per ounce due to the expected increase in cash costs, as well as higher sustaining capital investments, largely for a significant expansion of the tailings facility planned for 2021. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 23 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) 2020 OPERATING PERFORMANCE Impact of COVID-19 • Operational Impacts The following section describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operations during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Please see the "2021 Operating Outlook" section of this MD&A for our expectation for operations in 2021. Argentina On March 20, 2020, the federal government of Argentina imposed mandatory social distancing on its population and ordered the suspension of non-essential activities, including mining. In order to comply with these orders, the Company suspended its Manantial Espejo operations on March 23, 2020, and assigned a work-from-home directive for its administrative personnel. The federal government subsequently deemed mining an essential activity on April 3, 2020. Underground mining at Manantial Espejo resumed on April 26, 2020, and development work at the Joaquin and COSE mines resumed in early May 2020. In addition, the Mining Secretary in the Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, imposed a suspension of mining operations during the holiday period to help curb the spread of COVID-19, which caused production at Manantial Espejo, COSE and Joaquin to be suspended between December 21, 2020 and January 7, 2021. Bolivia On March 22, 2020, the Bolivian government announced a national quarantine and suspension of non-essential activities including mining. In response, the Company halted all supply deliveries and personnel transport to its San Vicente mine, and subsequently suspended operations in an orderly manner, assigning a work-from-home directive for its administrative personnel and support offices. On May 2, 2020, the government authorized the resumption of mining activities. Underground development activities at San Vicente resumed on May 12, 2020, mining resumed on May 18, 2020 and plant operations resumed on June 1, 2020. Canada The Timmins mines operated throughout 2020 at reduced capacity to comply with physical distancing restrictions. Health and safety protocols consistent with those recommended by the local and provincial health authorities, best management practices and the World Health Organization were adopted in March 2020 and continue to be refined as new recommendations are adopted. Mexico On March 17, 2020, Mexico’s Senate announced the need to demobilize the vulnerable population from conducting activities that could increase the possibility of becoming infected from the COVID-19 virus. On March 19, 2020, the Company began to demobilize vulnerable workers, assigned a work-from-home directive for its administrative personnel and reduced the workforce at its mines in Mexico by approximately 30% in order to increase physical distancing throughout the operations, offices, and personnel transport systems. On March 31, 2020, Mexico's Ministry of Health issued a National Agreement for the immediate suspension of non-essential activities until April 30, 2020, which was subsequently extended to May 30, 2020. The Company suspended its La Colorada and Dolores operations in early April to comply with this National Agreement. Mining operations were permitted to prepare to restart in late May, 2020, as the government began lifting some of the lockdown restrictions and redefined the mining industry as an essential business. On May 24, 2020, underground mining and processing activities resumed at La Colorada at reduced capacity to accommodate physical distancing restrictions. At the Dolores operation, open pit mining, crushing, and heap leaching production activities resumed on June 1, 2020 at modestly reduced capacity to accommodate physical distancing restrictions. The pulp agglomeration plant PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 24 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) restarted in mid-June 2020 and underground mining resumed in July 2020. Circulation of process solutions on the heap leach pads continued during the suspension, allowing gold and silver production from pad inventory at reduced rates. Construction activity on the heap leach pad expansion resumed in Q4 2020 once the rain season had passed. Peru On March 15, 2020, the government of Peru declared a State of Emergency, requiring a national quarantine and suspension of non-essential activities including mining. To comply with the order, the Company assigned a work- from-home directive for its administrative personnel and temporarily suspended operations at its four Peruvian mines: Shahuindo, La Arena, Huaron and Morococha. Open pit mining and run-of-mine heap leach activities at Shahuindo and La Arena resumed on May 15, 2020 at reduced capacities to accommodate physical distancing restrictions. Construction of the Shahuindo heap leach pad expansion and preparation for construction of the La Arena waste dump resumed in June 2020. During the suspensions at both Shahuindo and La Arena, circulation of process solutions on the heap leach pads continued. Operations resumed at Huaron and Morococha on June 7, 2020 and June 23, 2020, respectively; however, both mines were returned to care and maintenance on July 20, 2020 in response to several workers at the mines testing positive for COVID-19. Following intensive health screenings and testing for the virus that were developed and deployed at Shahuindo and La Arena during July and August 2020, the Company began gradually redeploying its workforce at Huaron and Morococha over last two weeks of September 2020. Financial Impacts The full financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company are indeterminable given the uncertainty of how long the pandemic impacts will persist. However, management believes that the Company's liquidity is sufficient to satisfy our anticipated 2021 working capital requirements, fund currently planned capital expenditures, and to discharge liabilities as they come due based on the Company's current financial position, the results of a management performed COVID-19 disruption and liquidity analysis, and the Company's access to capital, particularly given the credit facility currently in-place. Please see the "Liquidity and Capital Position" and the "Risks and Uncertainties" sections of this MD&A for further information. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 25 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Consolidated 2020 Operating Results Silver and Gold Production The following table provides silver and gold production at each of Pan American’s operations for the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, except for the Shahuindo, La Arena, and Timmins' mines (the "Acquired Mines"), which for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 only include production from the February 22, 2019 acquisition date: Silver Production (ounces ‘000s) Gold Production (ounces ‘000s) Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 1,186 2,080 892 527 663 742 764 83 11 4 935 554 877 817 1,287 54 11 6 5,025 2,148 1,173 2,320 2,547 3,779 268 33 18 8,206 3,796 2,456 3,528 2,599 5,122 137 26 18 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 8.0 30.5 33.6 41.4 38.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 6.7 26.1 43.5 48.4 47.3 4,872 6,622 17,312 25,886 152.9 173.9 3.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 23.4 98.0 142.4 105.4 148.4 522.4 4.6 1.0 1.4 0.5 22.4 117.6 145.4 122.5 143.8 559.2 La Colorada Huaron Morococha(1) San Vicente(2) Manantial Espejo Dolores Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Total (3) (1) Morococha data represents Pan American's 92.3% interest in the mine's production. (2) San Vicente data represents Pan American's 95.0% interest in the mine's production. (3) Totals may not add due to rounding. Silver Production 2020 consolidated silver production of 17.31 million ounces was 33% lower than the 25.89 million ounces produced in 2019. Production at all Silver Segment operations declined year-over-year due to the COVID-19 related mine suspensions and restricted capacities. Other factors reducing 2020 production were: an inability to access high-grade ore at La Colorada due to the COVID-19 related delay in completing an underground ventilation raise and the loss of a ventilation raise from surface in late Q4 2020; mine sequencing into higher gold grade zones and lower silver grade zones at the Dolores open pit mine; and lower grades at San Vicente from mine sequencing. Consolidated silver production in Q4 2020 of 4.87 million ounces was 26% lower than the 6.62 million ounces produced in Q4 2019, primarily due to the COVID-19 related impacts on operations, as well as the other factors described previously. Q4 2020 silver production was also reduced by a suspension of operations at Manantial Espejo from December 21, 2020 to January 7, 2021, to help curb the spread of COVID-19. Gold Production Consolidated gold production in 2020 of 522.4 thousand ounces was 7% below the 559.2 thousand ounces produced in 2019. Gold production was less impacted by COVID-19 than silver production because: operations at Timmins continued throughout 2020; limited production continued at Dolores, La Arena and Shahuindo during their suspensions from circulation of process solutions on the heap leach pads; and capacities are less restricted at the gold open pit mines than the silver producing underground mines. Consolidated gold production in Q4 2020 of 152.9 thousand ounces was 12% lower than the 173.9 thousand ounces produced in Q4 2019, largely due to the COVID-19 related restrictions on operating capacities and open pit mine sequencing. Each operation’s production variances are further discussed in the “Individual Mine Performance” section of this MD&A. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 26 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Base Metal Production The following table provides the Company’s base metal production for the three-month and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: Zinc - kt Lead - kt Copper - kt Base Metal Production Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2019 14.2 5.4 2.3 16.6 7.2 2.3 40.2 15.7 5.2 67.6 27.3 8.7 Zinc, lead and copper production were 40%, 42% and 41% lower in 2020 relative to 2019, respectively. The decreases were primarily due to the COVID-19 related mine suspensions and restricted capacities, as well as lower grades at La Colorada because of ventilation issues preventing access to certain high-grade zones of the mine. Each operation’s by-product production variances are further discussed in the “Individual Mine Performance” section of this MD&A. Per Ounce Measures The Company's operations have been divided into Silver and Gold Segments for the purposes of reporting cash costs and AISC, as set out in the table below. The quantification of both the current cash costs and AISC measures is described in detail, and where appropriate reconciled to the 2020 financial statements, in the "Alternative (Non- GAAP) Performance Measures" section of this MD&A. The following table reflects the cash costs and AISC net of by-product credits at each of Pan American’s operations for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the same periods in 2019 for the Silver Segment mines and since February 22, 2019 for the Gold Segment mines: Cash Costs(1) ($ per ounce) AISC(1) ($ per ounce) Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 7.07 (9.79) 2.03 11.85 17.67 18.72 6.15 619 556 1,126 763 4.30 2.64 5.34 10.85 14.38 15.47 7.80 605 580 884 693 6.99 (2.48) 3.77 11.40 15.54 15.68 7.05 588 721 1,061 797 2.99 3.09 4.15 4.35 11.77 19.59 6.39 570 644 904 712 11.78 (2.17) 3.35 18.29 20.89 19.24 10.37 842 873 1,355 1,023 5.80 9.33 9.44 18.83 16.50 16.94 11.37 970 764 984 901 10.80 6.17 6.53 18.38 17.94 15.80 11.38 750 1,109 1,213 1,011 4.54 15.45 7.74 10.08 13.08 18.43 10.46 807 1,042 998 948 (7.28) 1.04 (3.29) 4.44 (5.85) 0.96 (2.35) 4.45 La Colorada Dolores Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Silver Segment Consolidated Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Gold Segment Consolidated Consolidated per silver ounce sold(2): All Operations All Operations before net realizable value ("NRV") inventory adjustments (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the section “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” of this MD&A for a detailed description of these measures and where appropriate a reconciliation of the measure to the 2020 Financial Statements. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 27 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) (2) Consolidated silver basis total is calculated per silver ounce sold with total gold revenues included within by-product credits. G&A costs are included in the consolidated AISC, but not allocated in calculating AISC for each operation Cash Costs Silver Segment cash costs in 2020 were $7.05 per ounce, a $0.66 increase from the $6.39 per ounce reported in 2019. The increase was the result of: (i) higher direct operating costs per ounce, largely from the COVID-19 related impact on throughput and the cost associated with protocols to protect health and safety, (ii) higher direct selling costs per ounce from higher concentrate treatment charges, and (iii) higher royalties from increased metal prices. Partially offsetting these factors was an increase in by-product credits per ounce from increased gold, lead, and copper prices. Gold Segment cash costs in 2020 were $797 per ounce, an $85 increase from the $712 per ounce reported in 2019. The increase was the result of: (i) higher direct operating costs from COVID-19 related protocols, (ii) wage increases and cost escalations in certain consumables, and (iii) utilizing a lower grade cut-off at Timmins, based on mine life extensions identified late in 2019. AISC Silver Segment AISC in 2020 was $11.38 per ounce, a $0.92 increase from the $10.46 per ounce reported in 2019. The increase was primarily due to the same factors that increased Silver Segment cash costs, as well as higher sustaining capital per ounce. Partially offsetting these factors were net realizable value ("NRV") inventory adjustments, which reduced costs by $16.2 million in 2020. Gold Segment AISC in 2020 was $1,011 per ounce, a $63 increase from the $948 per ounce reported in 2019. The increase was primarily due to the same factors that increased Gold Segment cash costs, partially offset by lower sustaining capital per ounce because of COVID-19 related delays or deferrals of certain capital projects. Consolidated silver basis AISC for 2020 was negative $3.29 per ounce, a $7.73 decrease from the $4.44 per ounce reported in 2019. The decrease was primarily from higher by-product prices and a higher proportion of gold relative to silver revenues, which more than offset the increased costs described above. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 28 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) 2020 Operating Results versus 2020 Guidance The following table sets out the actual 2020 annual metal production, cash costs, AISC and capital expenditures compared to those forecast by Management throughout the year. The Original 2020 Forecasts were provided in our Annual 2019 MD&A dated March 12, 2020, which was withdrawn on May 6, 2020 due to uncertainties regarding the impact of COVID-19. Management subsequently provided further updates in its Q2 2020 MD&A and Q3 2020 MD&A (the "August 2020 Forecast" and "Revised 2020 Forecasts", respectively). In the table below "NC" denotes no changes to the previously provided forecast. Original 2020 Forecast August 2020 Forecast Revised 2020 Forecast 2020 Actual Silver Production - Moz Gold Production - koz Zinc Production - kt Lead Production - kt Copper Production - kt Silver Segment Cash Costs ($ per ounce) Gold Segment Cash Costs ($ per ounce) Silver Segment AISC ($ per ounce) Gold Segment AISC ($ per ounce) 27.0 - 28.5 19.0 - 22.0 18.0 - 19.0 625.0 - 675.0 525.0 - 575.0 67.5 - 70.5 27.5 - 29.5 9.3 - 10.3 5.75 - 7.50 820 - 870 40.0 - 43.0 17.0 - 18.0 4.3 - 4.9 6.20 -7.70 800 - 860 10.25 - 11.75 10.50 - 12.50 1,090 - 1,170 1,050 - 1,125 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC Consolidated Silver Basis AISC ($ per ounce) 4.50 - 6.50 (3.00) - 0.75 Sustaining Capital ($ millions) Project Capital ($ millions) 225.0 - 240.0 185.0 - 189.0 175.0 - 180.0 22.0 - 27.0 25.0 - 26.0 20.0 - 21.0 The following section compares our August 2020 Forecast to the actual 2020 results. Silver and Gold Production versus the August 2020 Forecast 17.3 522.4 40.2 15.7 5.2 7.05 797 11.38 1,011 (3.29) 162.0 21.5 Silver Segment: La Colorada Dolores Huaron Morococha(2) San Vicente(2) Manantial Espejo Silver Segment Total(3) Gold Segment: Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Gold Segment Total(3) Total(3) 2020 Silver Production (million ounces) 2020 Gold Production (thousand ounces) Forecast (1) Actual Forecast (1) Actual 6.4 - 7.2 4.0 - 4.8 2.0 - 2.2 1.2 - 1.4 2.2 - 2.6 3.0 - 3.5 18.8 - 21.7 0.2 - 0.3 — — 0.2 - 0.3 19.0 - 22.0 5.0 3.8 2.1 1.2 2.3 2.5 17.0 0.3 — — 0.3 17.3 4.0 99.0 - 104.0 1.0 1.0 - 24.0 - 27.0 130.0 - 138.0 147.0 - 164.0 103.0 - 114.0 145.0 - 159.0 395.0 - 437.0 525.0 - 575.0 3.5 98.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 23.4 126.3 142.4 105.4 148.4 396.2 522.4 (1) The August 2020 Forecast, representing the first revision to annual forecasts subsequent to the withdrawal of the Original 2020 Forecast due to the impact of COVID-19 (previously discussed in the "Impact of COVID-19" section of this MD&A). (2) Production figures are only for Pan American’s ownership share of Morococha (92.3%), and San Vicente (95.0%). (3) Totals may not add due to rounding. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 29 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Silver Production Consolidated 2020 silver production was 17.3 million ounces, 9% lower than the 19.0 million ounces at the low- end of the August 2020 Forecast range. The production shortfall was primarily due to the loss of a ventilation raise from surface at La Colorada in Q4 2020, slower silver leaching kinetics at Dolores, and a greater than anticipated impact of COVID-19 on operations, including the suspension of Manantial Espejo operations from December 21, 2020 to January 7, 2021. Gold Production Consolidated 2020 gold production was 522.4 thousand ounces, slightly below the 525.0 thousand ounce low-end of the August 2020 Forecast range, which reflects the greater than anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our operations. Base Metal Production versus the August 2020 Forecast Consolidated 2020 Zinc Production (thousand tonnes) 2020 Lead Production (thousand tonnes) 2020 Copper Production (thousand tonnes) Forecast (1) 40.0 - 43.0 Actual 40.2 Forecast (1) 17.0 - 18.0 Actual 15.7 Forecast (1) 4.3 - 4.9 Actual 5.2 (1) The August 2020 Forecast, representing the first revision to annual forecasts subsequent to the withdrawal of the Original 2020 Forecast due to the impact of COVID-19 (previously discussed in the "Impact of COVID-19" section of this MD&A). 2020 zinc production was in-line with the August 2020 Forecast, whereas copper production was above the high end of the August 2020 Forecast and lead production was below the low end of the August 2020 Forecast. Strong base metal production at Huaron and San Vicente largely offset the shortfalls at La Colorada from the impact of COVID-19 and the lack of access to high-grade ore due to the ventilation issues . Cash Costs and AISC versus August 2020 Forecast: The following table summarizes 2020 cash costs and AISC compared to the August 2020 Forecast on a per ounce basis, net of by-product credits. Silver Segment: La Colorada Dolores Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Total(3) Gold Segment: Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Total(3) Consolidated Silver Basis(3,4) 2020 Cash Costs(1) ($ per ounce) 2020 AISC(1) ($ per ounce) Forecast (2) Actual Forecast (2) Actual 6.20 - 7.00 (5.60) - (3.90) 8.20 - 9.10 11.00 - 12.30 14.30 - 16.20 13.80 - 15.90 6.20 - 7.70 590 - 660 760 - 860 1,030 - 1,060 800 - 860 n/a 6.99 (2.48) 3.77 11.40 15.54 15.68 7.05 588 721 1,061 797 n/a 9.50 - 10.50 3.90 - 7.40 11.80 - 12.85 16.80 - 18.40 16.10 - 18.20 15.30 - 17.70 10.50 - 12.50 860 - 960 1,140 - 1,260 1,175 - 1,240 1,050 - 1,125 (3.30) - 0.75 10.80 6.17 6.53 18.38 17.94 15.80 11.38 750 1,109 1,213 1,011 (3.29) (1) Cash Costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A for a detailed description of these calculations and a reconciliation of these measures to the 2020 Financial Statements. The cash costs and AISC forecasts assumed realized prices and exchange rates for the six month period ended June 30, 2020 and the following price and exchange rate assumptions for the period July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020: metal prices of $18.25/oz for silver, $1,850/oz for gold, $2,050/tonne ($0.93/lb) for zinc, $1,775/tonne ($0.81/lb) for lead, and $6,150/tonne ($2.79/lb) for copper; and PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 30 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) average exchange rates relative to 1 USD of 22.50 for the MXN, 3.50 for the PEN, 77.53 for the ARS, 6.91 for the BOB, and $1.35 for the CAD. (2) The August 2020 Forecast, representing the first revision to annual forecasts subsequent to the withdrawal of the Original 2020 Forecasts due to the impact of COVID-19 (previously discussed in the "Impact of COVID-19" section of this MD&A). (3) As shown in the detailed quantification of consolidated AISC, included in the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this MD&A, corporate general and administrative expense, and exploration and project development expense are included in consolidated (silver basis) AISC, but are not allocated amongst the operations and thus are not included in either the silver or gold segment totals. (4) Consolidated silver basis is calculated by treating all revenues from metals other than silver, including gold, as a by-product credit. Cash Costs Silver segment cash costs of $7.05 per ounce were within the August 2020 Forecast range of $6.20 to $7.70 per ounce. Higher than anticipated cash costs at La Colorada and Dolores were offset by higher by-product metal prices and lower costs at Huaron, as described further in the "Individual Mine Performance" section of this MD&A. Gold segment cash costs of $797 per ounce were below the low end of the August 2020 Forecast, reflecting lower than anticipated costs at La Arena and Shahuindo, and costs at Timmins narrowly above the forecasted range. AISC Silver Segment AISC of $11.38 per silver ounce was within the August 2020 Forecast range. 2020 AISC reflects the same factors affecting cash costs. AISC also benefited from $15.8 million in higher cost reducing NRV adjustments in 2020. Gold Segment AISC of $1,011 per gold ounce was below the August 2020 Forecast range, primarily because of lower sustaining capital due to the deferral of certain capital expenditures into 2021. Consolidated AISC, calculated on a silver ounce basis, of negative $3.29 was within the August 2020 Forecast range. Capital Expenditures versus the August 2020 Forecast: The following table summarizes the 2020 capital expenditures compared to the August 2020 Forecast: La Colorada Dolores Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Sustaining Capital Sub-total La Colorada Skarn project Timmins expansion Other Project Capital Sub-total Total Capital 7.3 4.5 4.9 44.9 18.4 Actual 2020 Capital Expenditure ($ millions) Forecast (1) 19.0 – 19.5 42.0 – 42.5 5.5 – 6.0 5.5 – 6.0 3.5 – 4.0 3.0 44.5 - 45.5 40.0 - 41.0 23.0 - 24.0 185.0 - 189.0 13.5 - 14.0 4.0 - 4.5 7.5 25.0 -26.0 210.0 – 215.0 162.0 183.6 21.5 22.7 18.8 11.0 37.3 3.3 8.6 2.0 (1) The August 2020 Forecast, representing the first revision to annual forecasts subsequent to the withdrawal of the Original 2020 Forecast due to the impact of COVID-19 (previously discussed in the "Impact of COVID-19" section of this MD&A). PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 31 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Sustaining capital expenditures were $23.0 million less than the low end of the August 2020 Forecast range, driven primarily by deferrals of certain sustaining capital, particularly at Shahuindo. Project capital in 2020 was also below the August 2020 Forecast range due to the COVID-19 related deferral of certain projects. Individual Mine Operation Performance An analysis of performance at each operation in 2020 compared with 2019 follows. The project capital amounts invested in 2020 are further discussed in the "Project Development Update" section of this MD&A. The Gold Segment operations were acquired on February 22, 2019, and as such, the financial and operating results of these mines have only been reported, and included in the Company's consolidated results, from this date forward. La Colorada operation Tonnes milled - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average zinc grade - % Average lead grade - % Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Zinc – kt Lead – kt Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 139.6 295 2.62 1.29 1,186 0.77 3.13 1.50 2019 197.1 358 2.85 1.70 2,080 1.28 4.85 2.92 2020 559.1 308 2.80 1.39 5,025 3.47 13.58 6.63 2019 768.7 361 3.10 1.65 8,206 4.61 20.97 11.15 Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands(2) Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) Payable silver sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 1,770 1,957 18,417 4.30 5.80 11.78 10.80 5,496 7,973 5,254 1,291 7,583 9,721 6.99 7.07 4.54 2.99 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. (2) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $1.9 million and $11.0 million investing activity cash outflows for Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and full year 2019: $2.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively) related to investment capital incurred on the La Colorada projects, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A. 2020 versus 2019 Production: • • Silver: 39% decrease due to the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions, as well as an inability to access high-grade ore due to the COVID-19 related delay in completing an underground ventilation raise and the loss of a ventilation raise from surface. By-products: 35% and 41% decrease in zinc and lead, respectively, due to the same factors affecting silver production. Cash Costs: were $4.00 higher than in 2019, reflecting an increase in operating costs per ounce due to COVID-19 related impacts and the ventilation issues, as well as higher treatment and refining charges. Sustaining Capital: primarily related to investments in mechanization equipment, underground infrastructure, lease payments for equipment and offices, and near-mine exploration activities. The increase relative to 2019 was related to a tailings storage facility lift and mine ventilation infrastructure investments. AISC: was $6.26 higher than in 2019, as a result of the factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, in addition to higher sustaining capital per ounce due to the higher investments and lower production in 2020. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 32 Dolores operation Tonnes placed - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average gold grade – grams per tonne Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 1,891.1 21 0.76 764 30.5 2019 1,856.7 42 0.62 1,287 26.1 2020 6,429.9 29 0.64 3,779 98.0 2019 6,777.0 38 0.60 5,122 117.6 Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands(2) Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) 4,924 Payable silver sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 1,402 8,106 (2.17) (2.48) (9.79) 10,175 44,861 12,778 49,660 9.33 2.64 4,063 15.45 6.17 3.09 959 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. (2) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $nil and $nil investing activity cash outflows for Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and full year 2019: $nil and $0.4 million respectively) related to underground mine projects, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A. 2020 versus 2019 Production: • Silver: the 26% decrease was primarily the result of lower grades from mine sequencing, as expected, and slightly lower stacking rates from the suspension of operations in Q2 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. • Gold: the 17% decrease was primarily due to the timing of leach pad kinetics, which resulted in a build-up of inventory on pad 3 in Q4 2020. Further, gold production in 2019 benefited from the stacking of partially leached pad 1 material, which enhanced recoveries above the expected life of mine recovery rate. Cash Costs: decreased $5.57 per ounce due to higher by-product credits per ounce from higher gold prices and an increased proportion of revenue from gold in 2020 relative to 2019. This benefit from by-product credits more than offset higher operating costs per ounce from COVID-19 related protocols and the impact from the build-up in gold inventory in Q4 2020. Sustaining Capital: consistent year-over-year, and primarily related to pre-stripping and leach pad expansions in both periods. AISC: decreased $9.28 per ounce due to the same factors decreasing cash costs, in addition to a $4.73 per ounce positive swing in cost-reducing NRV inventory adjustments, which more than offset higher sustaining capital per ounce, despite the deferral of some capital spending due to COVID-19. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 33 Huaron operation Tonnes milled - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average zinc grade - % Average lead grade - % Average copper grade - % Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Zinc – kt Lead – kt Copper – kt Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 230.5 143 2.58 1.32 0.94 892 0.29 4.69 2.33 1.65 2.03 776 2019 252.3 140 2.49 1.32 0.85 935 0.21 4.95 2.50 1.57 5.34 2,834 2020 555.6 144 2.58 1.32 0.88 2,148 0.53 11.21 5.59 3.65 3.77 4,500 2019 994.0 142 2.38 1.22 0.81 3,796 0.97 18.07 9.22 6.02 4.15 10,936 Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) 3,253 Payable silver sold – koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 20,840 9.44 1,843 736 3.35 6.53 7.74 (11) 697 — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. 2020 versus 2019 Production: • • Silver: 43% lower, primarily from the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions. By-products: lead, copper and zinc production declined 39%, 39% and 38%, respectively, primarily due to the same factors affecting silver production, partially offset by higher grades from mine sequencing. Cash Costs: $0.38 per ounce lower, as higher concentrate treatment charges were more than offset by lower operating costs per ounce and higher by-product credits per ounce from higher base metal grades and higher lead and copper prices. Sustaining Capital: primarily related to equipment leases, near mine exploration, and equipment replacements and refurbishments. The year-over-year decrease is primarily related to the reduced spending on a tailings storage facility expansion, mine deepening and mine infrastructure projects. AISC: a decrease of $1.21 per ounce due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, in addition to lower sustaining capital investments, partly from the deferral of a number of projects due to COVID-19. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 34 Morococha operation(1) Tonnes milled – kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average zinc grade - % Average lead grade - % Average copper grade - % Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Zinc – kt Lead – kt Copper – kt Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 141.4 129 3.30 1.31 0.47 527 0.19 4.08 1.51 0.43 2019 176.5 112 3.55 1.17 0.44 554 0.23 5.46 1.61 0.46 2020 328.6 126 3.43 1.29 0.43 1,173 0.59 9.86 3.46 0.88 2019 686.2 126 3.76 1.21 0.44 2,456 1.39 22.50 6.56 1.83 Cash costs - $ per ounce(2) Sustaining capital - $ thousands(3) Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(2) Payable silver sold (100%) - koz (1) Production figures are for Pan American’s 92.3% share only, unless otherwise noted. (2) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 10.85 18.83 3,945 20,023 12,599 11.85 11.40 18.38 18.29 1,108 3,219 7,259 10.08 2,335 515 4.35 517 (3) — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. (3) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $0.2 million and $1.0 million investing activity cash outflows for Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and full year 2019, $0.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively) related to investment capital incurred on the Morococha project, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A. 2020 versus 2019 Production: • • Silver: 52% lower, entirely from the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions. By-products: zinc, lead and copper decreased by 56%, 47%, 52%, respectively, due to the same factors affecting silver production. In addition, zinc grades were lower due to mine sequencing. Cash Costs: $7.05 per ounce higher, due primarily to higher concentrate treatment charges, COVID-19 related cost impacts, and lower by-product credits per ounce due to lower zinc grades and prices. Sustaining Capital: primarily related to expanded near-mine exploration, equipment replacements and refurbishments, and equipment and office leases. The year-over-year decrease was primarily related to lower capital investments in equipment replacements and near-mine exploration. AISC: increased $8.30 per ounce, primarily driven by the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, in addition to higher sustaining capital per ounce. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 35 San Vicente operation (1) Tonnes milled – kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average zinc grade - % Average lead grade - % Average copper grade - % Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Zinc – kt Lead – kt Copper – kt Cash costs - $ per ounce(2) Sustaining capital - $ thousands Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 93.0 237 2.88 0.05 0.24 663 0.08 2.34 0.04 0.18 17.67 1,391 2019 91.1 328 1.80 0.15 0.30 877 0.13 1.31 0.13 0.22 14.38 2,048 2020 285.1 276 2.34 0.02 0.27 2,320 0.31 5.57 0.05 0.62 15.54 4,877 2019 349.7 345 2.16 0.14 0.31 3,528 0.48 6.01 0.42 0.85 11.77 4,960 Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(2) Payable silver sold (100%) - koz (1) Production figures are for Pan American’s 95.0% share only, unless otherwise noted. (2) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 16.50 1,001 20.89 17.94 2,890 2,153 13.08 4,003 453 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. 2020 versus 2019 Production: • • Silver: 34% lower, due to a combination of the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions, and lower grades from mine sequencing and challenges with narrow-vein mining in 2020. By-products: zinc, lead and copper production decreased 7%, 87% and 26%, respectively, primarily due to the same factors affecting silver production. Zinc production benefited from higher grades from mine sequencing, whereas the significant decrease in lead production was the result of commercial terms that resulted in lower lead payability. Cash costs: increased $3.77 per ounce due to higher royalty costs per ounce from increased silver and copper metal prices, lower by-product credits per ounce from lower zinc prices and lower lead marketed in favor of copper contained in the bulk flotation concentrate, and lower silver grades. Sustaining Capital: consistent with 2019, with expenditures primarily related to mine equipment replacements and rehabilitations, near-mine exploration, and mine site and camp infrastructure. AISC: a $4.86 per ounce increase due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, in addition to higher sustaining capital per ounce due to the silver production shortfalls. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 36 Manantial Espejo operations Tonnes milled - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average gold grade – grams per tonne Production: Silver – koz Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 149.3 166 1.78 2019 186.5 150 1.21 2020 604.7 146 1.30 2019 708.6 127 1.08 742 817 2,547 2,599 Gold – koz Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands(2) Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) 2,460 Payable silver sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 16.94 15.47 6.71 19.24 15.68 18.72 23.37 15.80 2,545 5,617 3,264 18.43 19.59 22.41 2,757 928 696 7.98 702 732 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. (2) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $1.2 million and $7.5 million investing activity cash outflows for Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and full year 2019, $5.6 million and $23.8 million, respectively) related to the development of the Joaquin and COSE projects, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A. 2020 versus 2019 Production: Silver and gold: consistent with 2019 production, as the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions were offset by higher silver and gold grades from the addition of high-grade COSE and Joaquin ores in 2020. Cash costs: decreased $3.91 per ounce from higher gold prices and lower operating costs per ounce due to the devaluation of the peso and lower diesel prices. Sustaining Capital: consistent with prior year, and primarily related to near-mine exploration and lease payments for diesel generators. AISC: decreased $2.63 per ounce due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, partially offset by a decrease in cost-reducing NRV inventory adjustments. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 37 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Shahuindo operation The Shahuindo mine was acquired on February 22, 2019, and as such, the 2019 financial and operating results have only been reported, and included in the Company's consolidated results, from this date forward. Tonnes milled - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average gold grade – grams per tonne Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 2,697.3 7 0.54 83.10 33.60 619 6,963 2019 2020 2019 3,449.4 10,603.4 11,218.8 7 0.58 54.21 43.52 605 14,156 9 0.56 268.30 142.38 588 22,749 8 0.60 136.62 145.37 570 29,873 Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) Payable gold sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 39.85 150.77 133.30 33.06 3,855 970 842 750 807 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. 2020 versus 2019 Production: Gold, 2% decrease, primarily from the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions and lower grades from mine sequencing, which were largely offset by higher than anticipated ratio of ounces produced over ounces placed from leach pad sequencing. Cash Costs: increased $18 per ounce, primarily as a result of the lower grades mined being largely offset by higher by-product credits due to higher silver sales and prices. Sustaining Capital: 2020 expenditures comprised leach pad expansions, site infrastructure improvements, near- mine exploration, and payments for leased mining equipment. AISC: decreased $57 per ounce, as lower sustaining capital expenditures per ounce, due to the COVID-19 related deferral of major projects, more than offset the factors increasing year-over-year cash costs. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 38 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) La Arena operation The La Arena mine was acquired on February 22, 2019, and as such, the 2019 financial and operating results have only been reported, and included in the Company's consolidated results, from this date forward. Tonnes milled - kt Average silver grade – grams per tonne Average gold grade – grams per tonne Production: Silver – koz Gold – koz Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 4,132.2 1 0.42 11.27 41.40 556 13,030 2019 2020 2019 5,311.8 10,079.3 11,189.7 — 0.41 10.81 48.43 580 8,382 1 0.37 33.46 105.37 721 37,324 — 0.41 26.16 122.52 644 47,557 Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) Payable gold sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 48.06 124.21 99.32 42.10 3,712 1,109 1,042 764 873 — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. 2020 versus 2019 Production: Gold, a 14% decrease from the COVID-19 related mine suspension and capacity restrictions, and lower grades from mine sequencing. Cash Costs: increased $77 per ounce, primarily from lower grades and certain wage and consumable cost increases. Sustaining Capital: 2020 expenditures primarily related to capitalized deferred stripping, waste storage facility expansions, and near-mine exploration. AISC: increased by $67 per ounce, due to the same factors affecting year-over-year cash costs, which were partially offset by a slight decrease in sustaining capital per ounce. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 39 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Timmins' operation The Timmins mines were acquired on February 22, 2019, and as such, the 2019 financial and operating results have only been reported, and included in the Company's consolidated results, from this date forward. Tonnes milled - kt Average gold grade – grams per tonne Production: Silver – koz Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 426.2 2.73 2019 473.9 3.17 2020 1,643.1 2.85 2019 1,480.7 3.18 4.38 5.53 17.63 17.53 Gold – koz Cash costs - $ per ounce(1) Sustaining capital - $ thousands(2) Care and maintenances costs - $ thousands AISC - $ per ounce(1) 143.30 Payable gold sold - koz (1) Cash costs and AISC are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of this 46.40 47.33 4,066 148.40 148.13 18,795 143.77 11,035 38.09 37.20 1,213 7,621 1,126 1,061 1,355 884 984 904 998 — — — — MD&A for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to cost of sales. (2) Sustaining capital expenditures exclude $0.5 million and $2.0 million investing activity cash outflows for Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and full year 2019, $0.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively) related to investment capital incurred on the Timmins projects, as disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A. 2020 versus 2019 Production: Gold, increased 3%, as a full year of operations in 2020 mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 related capacity restrictions and the lower cut-off grade applied in 2020. Cash Costs: increased $157 per ounce, primarily due to the application of lower grade cut-offs in ore control, encountering some geotechnical issues in the underground mine and COVID-19 safety protocols preventing higher anticipated throughput levels. Sustaining Capital: 2020 expenditures primarily comprised mine equipment refurbishments and replacements, mine infrastructure upgrades, near-mine exploration, and lease payments for mining equipment. AISC: increased by $215 per ounce due to the same factors impacting cash costs, as well as higher sustaining capital expenditures. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 40 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) PROJECT DEVELOPMENT UPDATE The following table reflects the amounts spent at each of Pan American’s major projects in 2020 as compared to 2019. Project Development Investment(1) (thousands of USD) Mexico Projects Joaquin and COSE Projects Timmins projects Other Three months ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 1,909 1,198 450 196 2019 2,891 5,622 104 961 2020 10,971 7,525 1,956 1,093 2019 11,469 23,754 2,712 6,799 Total (1) Categorization of the Q4 2019 and full year 2019 amounts have been changed from those reported in the Q4 2019 MD&A to conform 21,545 9,578 44,734 3,753 to the current period categorizations. Mexico Projects: The Company spent $9.4 million in 2020 on exploration drilling and $1.5 million on project engineering relating to the La Colorada skarn deposit compared to $11.5 million spent in 2019. The Company published an updated inferred resource estimate for the skarn on August 4, 2020. Joaquin and COSE Projects: In 2020, the Company spent $7.5 million on the final development of the COSE and Joaquin projects, directed mainly at advancing development of the underground mines. The Manantial Espejo plant began processing ore mined from COSE in early September 2020. In 2019, the Company spent a combined $27.1 million on these projects during which development of both projects was delayed to reassess and re-engineer ground control systems. Timmins Projects: The Company spent $2.0 million on projects at Timmins in 2020, primarily related to purchasing equipment and materials for an expansion of operations, which continues to be delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. OVERVIEW OF 2020 FINANCIAL RESULTS Selected Annual and Quarterly Information The following tables set out selected quarterly results for the past twelve quarters as well as selected annual results for the past three years. The dominant factors affecting results in the quarters and years presented below are the volatility of realized metal prices, and the volume and timing of sales, which varies with the timing of shipments, and which was also impacted by the COVID-19 related suspensions of normal course operations at certain of our mines in 2020. The fourth quarters of both 2019 and 2018 included impairment charges to the Manantial Espejo mine and the COSE and Joaquin projects. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 41 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) 2020 Quarter Ended (In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts) March 31 June 30 Sept 30 Dec 31 Year Ended Dec 31 Revenue $ 358,428 $ 249,509 $ 300,414 $ 430,461 $ 1,338,812 Mine operating earnings Earnings (loss) for the period attributable to equity holders $ $ Basic earnings (loss) per share $ Diluted earnings (loss) per share Cash flow from operating activities Cash dividends paid per share Other financial information Total assets Total long-term financial liabilities(1) Total attributable shareholders’ equity $ $ $ 50,058 $ 48,386 $ 124,561 $ 137,172 $ 360,177 (76,807) $ 20,063 $ 65,741 $ 168,885 $ 177,882 (0.37) $ (0.37) $ 0.10 $ 0.10 $ 0.31 $ 0.31 $ 0.80 $ 0.80 $ 0.85 0.85 114,051 $ 62,750 $ 114,943 $ 170,571 $ 462,315 0.050 $ 0.050 $ 0.050 $ 0.070 $ 0.220 $ $ $ 3,433,875 277,696 2,602,519 (1) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities and deferred revenue. 2019 (In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts) Revenue (1) Mine operating earnings (1) Earnings for the period attributable to equity holders Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Cash flow from operating activities Cash dividends paid per share Other financial information Total assets Total long-term financial liabilities(2) Total attributable shareholders’ equity Quarter Ended March 31 June 30 Sept 30 Dec 31 Year Ended Dec 31 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 253,699 $ 15,770 $ 2,783 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ (12,911) $ 0.035 $ 340,494 $ 51,058 $ 18,371 $ 0.09 $ 0.09 $ 83,518 $ 0.035 $ 352,187 $ 63,850 $ 37,657 $ 0.18 $ 0.18 $ 81,948 $ 0.035 $ 110,738 229,288 404,379 $ 1,350,759 98,610 $ 51,927 $ 0.26 $ 0.26 $ 129,473 $ 0.035 $ 282,028 0.140 0.55 0.55 $ 3,461,682 $ 517,776 $ 2,463,099 (1) Concurrent with the Tahoe Acquisition, the Company classified the Timmins mines as a discontinued operation held for sale and, in Q3 2019, reclassified to be a continuing operation after a change in management's intentions. As a result, the previously recorded first and second quarters have been recast to present the Timmins mines as continuing operations. (2) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities, deferred revenue, and share purchase warrant liabilities. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 42 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) 2018 Quarter Ended (In thousands of USD, other than per share amounts) March 31 June 30 Sept 30 Dec 31 Revenue Mine operating earnings Earnings for the period attributable to equity holders Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Cash flow from operating activities Cash dividends paid per share Other financial information Total assets Total long-term financial liabilities(1) Total attributable shareholders’ equity $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 206,961 $ 55,124 $ 47,376 $ 0.31 $ 0.31 $ 34,400 $ 0.035 $ 216,460 $ 54,851 $ 36,187 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 66,949 $ 0.035 $ 187,717 $ (4,412) $ (9,460) $ (0.06) $ (0.06) $ 41,699 $ 0.035 $ 173,357 $ (4,666) $ (63,809) $ (0.42) $ (0.42) $ 11,930 $ 0.035 $ Year Ended Dec 31 784,495 100,897 10,294 0.07 0.07 154,978 0.140 $ 1,937,476 $ 96,828 $ 1,508,212 (1) Total long-term financial liabilities are comprised of non-current liabilities excluding deferred tax liabilities, deferred revenue, and share purchase warrant. Income Statement: 2020 versus 2019 Net earnings of $176.5 million were recorded in 2020 compared to $111.2 million in 2019, which corresponds to basic earnings per share of $0.85 and $0.55, respectively. The following table highlights the difference between net earnings in 2020 compared with 2019: $ $ Net earnings, year ended December 31, 2019 Decreased revenue: Lower quantities of metal sold Increased realized metal prices Decreased direct selling costs Increased negative settlement adjustments Total decrease in revenue Decreased cost of sales: Decreased production costs and increased royalty charges Increased depreciation and amortization Total decrease in cost of sales Increased care and maintenance costs Decreased impairment charge Decreased investment income Increased other expense Decreased interest and finance expense Decreased transaction and integration costs Decreased dilution gain, net of share of loss from associate Increased general and administrative expense Increased income tax expense Decreased exploration and project development expense Increased net gain on asset sales, commodity contracts and derivatives Increased foreign exchange loss $ 111,244 Note (260,205) 237,298 12,374 (1,414) $ (11,947) (1) 143,852 (1,016) $ (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 142,836 (78,443) 40,050 (21,680) (17,131) 9,178 7,515 (4,716) (4,623) (4,289) 4,588 4,344 (471) 176,455 Net earnings, year ended December 31, 2020 $ 1. Revenue for 2020 was $1.34 billion, an $11.9 million decrease from the $1.35 billion of revenue recognized in 2019. The revenue decrease resulted from the impact of increased realized precious metal prices being more than offset by decreased quantities of metal sold. The lower quantities of metal sold were due to lower metal PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 43 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) production and sales volumes for all metals, reflecting COVID-19 related throughput reductions and mine suspensions. The following table reflects the metal prices realized by the Company and the quantities of metal sold during each year: Realized Metal Prices Quantities of Metal Sold Year ended December 31 Year ended December 31 2020 2019 2020 2019 $ Silver(1) – koz Gold(1) – koz Zinc(1) – kt Lead(1) – kt Copper(1) – kt (1) Metal price stated as dollars per ounce for silver and gold, and dollars per tonne for zinc, lead and copper, inclusive of final settlement adjustments on concentrate sales. 16.34 1,406 6,412 $ 2,535 1,997 5,973 17,317 24,676 519.7 20.60 2,288 1,758 1,851 548.2 16.5 35.7 25.7 60.0 4.2 7.6 $ $ $ $ Realized prices for silver and gold increased by 26% and 25%, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019, whereas realized prices for zinc and lead decreased by 10% and 7%, respectively, and realized copper prices increased 7% in 2020. Lower quantities of all metals were sold in 2020 compared to 2019, with year-over-year quantities of silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper decreased by 30%, 5%, 41%, 36%, and 44%, respectively. Silver Segment and Gold Segment revenues in 2020 were $630.6 million and $708.2 million, respectively, compared to Silver Segment and Gold Segment revenues in 2019 of $785.4 million and $565.4 million, respectively. 2. Production and royalty costs in 2020 were $724.2 million, $143.9 million lower than in 2019. The decrease was attributable to production costs being $144.6 million lower in 2020, which was largely due to production costs from the Silver Segment operations being approximately $142.7 million lower, reflecting reduced throughput largely from the COVID-19 related mine suspensions and operating protocols, and a $15.8M increase in cost reducing NRV adjustments in 2020 relative to 2019. The cost variances reflect the lower sales volumes in 2020 from the COVID-19 related decreased production levels, as previously discussed in the "Individual Mine Performance" section of this MD&A, largely offset by a full year of production from the Gold Segment mines, compared with 2019, which only included production and sales from the Gold Segment mines from the February 22, 2019 closing date of the Tahoe Acquisition onwards. 3. Care and maintenance costs were $102.1 million in 2020, a $78.4 million increase from 2019, reflecting the COVID-19 related mine suspensions in 2020, details of which are included in the "Impact of COVID-19" discussion in the "2020 Operating Performance" section of this MD&A. Care and maintenance costs in 2019 related primarily to the Company's Escobal mine where operations are currently suspended. 4. Impairment charges no impairment charges or impairment reversals were recorded in 2020. In 2019, $40.1 million ($40.1 million, net of tax expense) of impairments were recorded related to the Company's Manantial Espejo asset in Argentina. Non-current assets are tested for impairment, or reversal of previous impairment charges, when events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, or previous impairment charges against assets are recoverable. The Company performs an impairment test for goodwill at each financial year-end and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company considers its internal discounted cash flow economic models as a proxy for the calculation of fair value less cost to sell, given a willing market participant would use such models in establishing a value for the properties. The Company considers impairment, or if previous impairment charges PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 44 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) should be reversed, at the cash generating unit (“CGU”) level, which is considered to be an individual mine or a development property. The CGU carrying amount for purposes of this test includes the carrying value of the mineral properties plant and equipment less deferred tax liabilities and closure and decommissioning liabilities related to each CGU. The Company’s key assumptions for determining the recoverable amounts of its various CGUs, for the purpose of testing for impairment or impairment reversals, include the most current operating and capital costs information and risk adjusted project specific discount rates. The Company uses an average of analysts’ consensus metals prices for the first four years of its economic modeling, and long-term reserve prices for the remainder of each asset’s life. The prices used can be found in the key assumptions and sensitivity section below. Based on the Company’s assessment with respect to possible indicators of either impairment or reversal of previous impairments to its mineral properties, including the impact of COVID-19 on our operations and the prevailing market metals prices, the Company concluded that as of December 31, 2020, no impairment or impairment reversal indicators were identified. As of December 31, 2019, there were indicators of impairment at Manantial Espejo, which required the Company to record impairment charges of $40.1 million. 2019 Impairment - Manantial Espejo increase in Argentina export taxes, announced in January 2020, combined with the delayed The commencement of production from the COSE and Joaquin deposits, and the deteriorated Argentina economy led Management to conclude that there was an indication of impairment to its Argentine operating assets, namely the Manantial Espejo mine, and the COSE and Joaquin projects. As at December 31, 2020, the Company determined that the combined CGU carrying amount of the Manantial Espejo mine and the Joaquin and COSE development projects, including mineral properties, plant and equipment, and stockpile inventories, net of associated closure and decommissioning liabilities, of $63.6 million was higher than the combined estimated recoverable amount of $23.5 million when using a 9.75% risk adjusted discount rate. Based on this assessment, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to the Manantial Espejo mineral property, and the COSE and Joaquin projects, of $40.1 million ($40.1 million, net of tax). Key assumptions and sensitivity: The key assumptions in determining the recoverable value of the Company’s mineral properties are individual metal prices, operating and capital costs, foreign exchange rates and discount rates. The metal prices used to calculate the recoverable amounts at December 31, 2019 are based on analyst consensus prices: Metal prices used at December 31, 2019: Metal Prices Silver - $/oz Gold - $/oz 2020-2022 average $17.94 $1,474 In 2019 the discount rates used to present-value the Company’s life of mine cash flows were derived from the Company’s weighted average cost of capital which was calculated at 3.7%, with rates applied to the various mines and projects ranging from 4.0% to 12.3%, depending on the Company’s assessment of country risk, project risk, and other potential risks specific to each CGU. At December 31, 2020, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis on all key assumptions that assumed a 10% adverse change to each individual assumption while holding the other assumptions constant. At December 31, 2020, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause the recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the Shahuindo, La Arena, Timmins, La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron, or Morococha mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously had their carrying values adjusted to fair-value less cost to sell ("FVLCTS") PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 45 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) through impairment charges, a 10% adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying amount. At December 31, 2019, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause the recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of the Shahuindo, La Arena, Timmins, La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron, or Morococha mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously had their carrying values adjusted to FVLCTS through impairment charges, a 10% adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying amount. 5. Investment income of $63.0 million in 2020 was $21.7 million lower than in 2019. Investment income in each period largely reflects fair value "mark-to-market" adjustments and realized gains on certain of the Company's equity investments, the largest component of which being the Company's shares in New Pacific Metals Corp. ("New Pacific"). 6. Other expense of $22.1 million in 2020 was $17.1 million higher than in 2019. The increase mainly reflects: a $6.1 million provision relating to certain value-added tax receivables in Guatemala; a $5.2 million increase to estimated closure and decommissioning liabilities for the Company's Alamo Dorado mine in Mexico, which went into reclamation at the end of 2017; commissions and transactions costs associated with the Company's sales of certain Maverix Metals Inc. ("Maverix") and New Pacific shares in 2020; and the settlement of certain claims by former contractors of the Company. There were no such comparable costs for these matters in 2019. 7. Interest and finance costs of $20.1 million in 2020 were $9.2 million lower than in 2019, reflecting a lower amount drawn on the Credit Facility during the year, as further discussed in the "Liquidity and Capital Position" section of this MD&A, and lower prevailing interest rates compared to 2019. 8. Transaction and integration costs were $7.5 million lower in 2020 because no such costs were recorded whereas in 2019 these costs were incurred in relation to the Tahoe acquisition. Statement of Cash Flows: 2020 versus 2019 Cash flow from operations in 2020 totaled $462.3 million, $180.3 million more than the $282.0 million generated in 2019. The increase was mostly related to a $124.9 million increase in cash from working capital changes and an increase in cash mine operating earnings (which excluded non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, and NRV inventory adjustments). The increase in cash mine operating earnings was driven by stronger precious metal prices, which more than offset the additional care and maintenance costs. Working capital changes in 2020 resulted in a $97.0 million source of cash, largely reflecting a $56.8 million increase in current accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and a $54.8 million draw-down of accounts receivables, partially offset by a $14.6 million increase in inventory balances. These working capital movements compared to the $27.9 million use of cash in 2019, which was driven primarily by the settlement of accounts payables and accrued liabilities related to the Tahoe transaction, partially offset by a release of inventories. Investing activities utilized $83.9 million, primarily from $178.6 million spent on mineral properties, plant and equipment at the Company’s mines and projects, plus $15.6 million invested in the exercise of Maverix warrants, which was partially offset by $90.4 million received from the sale of short-term investments, primarily in New Pacific, and partial disposition of the Company's interest in Maverix, as well as $22.5 million in proceeds from the sale of certain non-core exploration-stage mineral properties. In 2019, $402.2 million of cash was used in investing activities, inclusive of $39.7 million received from the net sale of short-term investments. The investing cash outflow reflects the $247.5 million investment (net of cash acquired) related to the Tahoe Acquisition, as described in the "Acquisition of Tahoe" section of this MD&A, and $205.8 million spent on mineral properties, plant and equipment at the Company’s mines and projects. Cash from the sale of certain non-core assets in 2019 totaled $10.3 million. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 46 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Financing activities in 2020 used $329.6 million, primarily related to the net repayment of $275.0 million of the Credit Facility, which was repaid in full by December 31, 2020, $46.2 million in dividends to shareholders, and $13.1 million of lease repayments. Financing activities in 2019 were primarily related to the Tahoe Acquisition. The net cash generated consisted of a net $335.0 million drawn on the Credit Facility, described in the "Liquidity and Capital" section of this MD&A, and $125.0 million used to settle Tahoe's previously drawn credit facility. In addition to these acquisition-related financing activities, $60.0 million of Credit Facility repayments were made, $29.3 million was paid as dividends and $19.3 million of lease repayments were made in 2019. Adjusted Earnings: 2020 versus 2019 Adjusted earnings and basic adjusted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures that the Company considers to better reflect normalized earnings, as it eliminates items that in Management's judgment are subject to volatility as a result of factors that are unrelated to operations in the period, and/or relate to items that will settle in future periods. Neither adjusted earnings nor basic adjusted earnings per share have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed description, and a reconciliation of these measures to the 2020 Financial Statements. Adjusted Earnings in 2020 were $243.4 million, representing a basic adjusted earnings per share of $1.16, which was $85.4 million, or $0.37 per share, higher than 2019 adjusted earnings of $158.0 million, and basic adjusted earnings per share of $0.78, respectively. The following chart illustrates the key factors leading to the change in adjusted earnings from 2019 to 2020: PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 47 (Millions)Adjusted Earnings Reconciliation - 2019 to 2020 ($ millions)$158.0235.9(260.2)114.714.312.49.2(22.8)(12.9)(5.3)0.1243.42019adjustedearningsIncreasedmetalprices,net ofsettlementadjustmentsDecreasedquantitiesof metalsoldDecreaseddirectoperatingcostsDecreasedincometaxprovisionDecreaseddirectsellingcostsDecreasedinterestandfinanceexpenseDecreasedinvestmentincomeIncreasedotherexpenseDecreasedderivativecontractgainsOther2020adjustedearnings0100200300400500Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Income Statement: Q4 2020 versus Q4 2019 Net earnings of $169.0 million was recorded in Q4 2020 compared to $51.7 million in Q4 2019, which corresponds to basic earnings per share of $0.80 and $0.25, respectively. The following table highlights the key items driving the difference between the net earnings in Q4 2020 as compared to the net earnings recorded in Q4 2019: $ $ Net earnings, three months ended December 31, 2019 Increased revenue: Increased realized metal prices Lower quantities of metal sold Increased negative settlement adjustments Increased direct selling costs Total increase in revenue Decreased cost of sales: Decreased production costs and increased royalty charges Increased depreciation and amortization Total decrease in cost of sales Decreased impairment charge Decreased income tax expense Increased net gain on asset sales, commodity contracts and derivatives Increased other expense Increased foreign exchange loss Decreased interest and finance expense Decreased investment income Decreased dilution gain, net of share of income from associate Decreased care and maintenance costs Decreased exploration and project development expense Increased other costs $ 51,706 Note 96,084 (67,711) (1,662) (629) $ 26,082 (1) 21,705 (9,225) $ (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 12,480 40,050 35,467 14,442 (7,794) (4,176) 3,844 (3,032) (1,906) 1,253 1,471 (869) 169,018 Net earnings, three months ended December 31, 2020 $ 1. Revenue for Q4 2020 was $430.5 million, a $26.1 million increase from the $404.4 million recognized in Q4 2019. The revenue increase reflects higher realized metal prices being offset by lower quantities of metal sold. The lower quantities of metal sold reflect lower production, primarily as a result of COVID-19 related throughput reductions, as discussed in the "2020 Operating Performance" section of this MD&A, as well as the loss of a ventilation raise at La Colorada, suspension of operations at Manantial Espejo, and mine sequencing. The following table reflects the metal prices realized by the Company and the quantities of metal sold during each quarter: Silver(1) – koz Gold(1) – koz Zinc(1) – kt Lead(1) – kt Copper(1) – kt Realized Metal Prices Quantities of Metal Sold Three months ended December 31 Three months ended December 31 2020 2019 2020 2019 $ $ $ $ $ 24.72 $ 1,874 $ 2,566 $ 1,922 $ 7,234 $ 17.84 1,479 2,325 2,078 5,840 4,732 148.1 14.5 5.4 1.7 6,392 171.0 15.1 6.1 1.9 (1) Metal price stated as dollars per ounce for silver and gold, and dollars per tonne for zinc, lead and copper, inclusive of final settlement adjustments on concentrate sales. Increased quarter-over-quarter realized silver, gold, and zinc prices of 39%, 27% and 10%, respectively, had the most significant impact on revenues. Realized lead price decreased 7%, while realized copper prices PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 48 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) increased 24%, though these price movements had a less significant impact on revenues due to the lower quantities of these metals produced and sold relative to gold, silver and zinc. Sales volumes decreased for all metals with quarter-over-quarter quantities of silver, gold, copper, lead and zinc down 26%, 13% 12%, 11%, an 4%, respectively. Silver Segment and Gold Segment revenues in Q4 2020 were $216.1 million and $214.4 million, respectively, compared to Q4 2019 Silver Segment and Gold Segment revenues of $205.5 million and $198.9 million, respectively. 2. Production and royalty costs of $215.8 million in Q4 2020 were $21.7 million lower than those in Q4 2019. The quarter-over-quarter decrease was driven by production costs being $22.9 million lower in Q4 2020 compared to Q4 2019. The lower production costs reflect the previously discussed lower sales volumes for all metals, which were partially offset by increased costs relating to COVID-19 operating protocols. Further reducing production costs were $6.7 million in non-cash, cost-reducing, NRV inventory adjustments in Q4 2020, mainly from increased precious metals prices, which compared to negative, cost increasing, NRV inventory adjustments of $0.5 million in Q4 2019. The majority of the adjustments in each period were related to inventories at the Dolores mine. 3. Depreciation and amortization expense of $77.5 million in Q4 2020 was $9.2 million higher than in Q4 2019, largely the result of the increased depreciable asset base from capital additions in 2020, with the largest increases being attributable to the open pit operations, which accounted for $6.6 million of the quarter-over- quarter increase, and the Timmins operation, which accounted for $3.1 million of the increase. 4. 5. Impairment charges were nil in Q4 2020. In Q4 2019, $40.1 million of impairments were recorded for the previously discussed Manantial Espejo operation. Income tax recovery in Q4 2020 was $9.5 million compared to $26.0 million of income tax expense in Q4 2019. The $35.5 million variance was largely attributable to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax attributes related to the Timmins West, Bell Creek, and La Arena mines, and the appreciation of the Mexican Peso, which resulted in an increase in the foreign currency denominated tax attributes (mainly mineral, property, plant and equipment), partially offset by tax on the increase in net earnings before tax. 6. Net gain on asset sales, commodity contracts and derivatives was $14.4 million higher in Q4 2020 compared to Q4 2019, driven largely by an $8.8 million increase in gains related to the sale of mineral property plant and equipment ("MPP&E"), and a $5.7 million increase in gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts. The Q4 2020 gain on MPP&E sales largely reflects the disposition of certain Canadian exploration stage assets. The increased commodity and foreign currency contract gains is the result of a $7.3 million gain being recognized in Q4 2020 on foreign currency and diesel contracts, due largely to the appreciation of the Mexican peso relative to the US dollar and the increase in diesel prices during Q4 2020, compared to $1.6 million of gains in Q4 2019. 7. Other expense of $13.5 million in Q4 2020 was $7.8 million higher than in Q4 2019. The increase mainly reflects a $6.1 million provision relating to certain value-added tax receivables in Guatemala, a $5.2 million increase to estimated closure and decommissioning liabilities for the Company's Alamo Dorado mine in Mexico, which went into reclamation at the end of 2017. There were no such comparable expenses for these matters in Q4 2019. 8. Foreign exchange ("FX") losses were $1.2 million in Q4 2020 compared to FX gains of $3.0 million in Q4 2019. The Q4 2020 FX losses reflect devaluation of Argentinian denominated monetary assets, where the Q4 2019 FX gains reflect appreciation of Peruvian denominated monetary assets. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 49 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Statement of Cash Flows: Q4 2020 versus Q4 2019 Cash flow from operations in Q4 2020 totaled $170.6 million, $41.1 million more than the $129.5 million generated in Q4 2019. The increase was mainly attributable to increased cash mine operating earnings (which excluded non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, and NRV inventory adjustments) driven primarily by stronger precious metal prices and a $13.8 million increase in cash from changes in non-cash operating working capital, partially offset by an $8.0 million increase in income tax payments. Working capital changes in Q4 2020 resulted in an $18.6 million source of cash, mainly reflecting increased current accounts payable and accrued liabilities largely offset by increased inventories and receivables balances. Changes in non-cash working capital in Q4 2019 resulted in a $4.7 million use of cash, comprised mainly of accounts receivable collections and a build up in payables, partially offset by inventory buildups and increased prepaid expenses. Investing activities utilized $40.1 million of cash in Q4 2020, comprised mostly of $53.6 million spent on mineral property, plant and equipment additions at the Company’s mines and projects, partially offset by $12.0 million of proceeds from asset sales, largely reflecting the sale of certain non-core Canadian exploration stage assets in the quarter. In Q4 2019, investing activities utilized $51.5 million inclusive of $1.8 million used on the net purchase of short-term investments, with the balance relating primarily to spending of $50.3 million on mineral property, plant and equipment at the Company’s mines and projects. Financing activities in Q4 2020 used $113.5 million, the majority of which related to $90.0 million of repayments on the Credit Facility, which was fully repaid in the quarter, $14.7 million of dividends paid to shareholders, $5.6 million of loan repayments, and $3.2 million of lease repayments. In Q4 2019, $51.9 million was used in financing activities, which consisted of $40.0 million of repayments on the Credit Facility, $7.3 million paid as dividends to shareholders, and $5.7 million of lease repayments. Adjusted Earnings: Q4 2020 versus Q4 2019 Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” for a detailed description of “adjusted earnings”, and a reconciliation of these measures to the 2020 Financial Statements. Adjusted Earnings in Q4 2020 was $120.5 million, representing a basic adjusted earnings per share of $0.57, which was $51.6 million, or $0.24 per share, higher than Q4 2019 adjusted earnings of $68.9 million, and $0.33 of basic adjusted earnings per share. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 50 The following chart illustrates the key factors leading to the change in adjusted earnings from Q4 2019 to Q4 2020: Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL POSITION Liquidity and Capital Measures Cash and cash equivalents ("Cash") Short-term Investments Cash and Short-term investments Working Capital Credit Facility committed amount Credit Facility amounts drawn Shareholders' equity Total debt (1) Capital (2) December 31, 2020 September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Q4 2020 Change 2020 Change 167,113 111,946 279,059 495,168 500,000 — 150,329 81,302 231,631 465,609 500,000 90,000 120,564 117,776 238,340 517,249 500,000 275,000 16,784 30,644 47,428 29,559 — 46,549 (5,830) 40,719 (22,081) — (90,000) (275,000) 2,605,839 2,448,886 2,467,846 156,953 137,993 33,565 129,826 316,208 (96,261) (282,643) 2,360,345 2,347,081 2,545,714 13,264 (185,369) (1) Total debt is a Non-GAAP measure calculated as the total of amounts drawn on the Credit Facility, finance lease liabilities and loans payable. (2) The capital of the Company consists of items included in shareholders’ equity and debt, net of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 51 (Millions)Adjusted Earnings Reconciliation - Q4 2019 to Q4 2020($ millions)$68.995.5(67.7)14(9.2)22.33.8(3)(2.6)(1.5)120.5Q4 2019adjustedearningsIncreasedmetalprices,net ofsettlementadjustmentsDecreasedquantitiesof metalsoldDecreaseddirectoperatingcostsIncreasedDDADecreasedincometaxprovisionDecreasedinterestandfinanceexpenseDecreasedinvestmentincomeIncreasedotherexpenseOtherQ4 2020adjustedearnings050100150200 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Liquidity The Company's cash and short-term investments increased by $16.8 million and $46.5 million during Q4 2020 and the full year 2020, respectively. Operating cash flows of $170.6 million in Q4 2020, which was a Company record, included $22.5 million in tax payments and a $18.6 million source of cash from working capital changes, financed all of the Company's investing and financing activities in the quarter. The significant financing and investing activity cash outflows in the quarter included $90.0 million of repayments to the Credit Facility, which was fully repaid as of December 31, 2020, $53.6 million in payments for mineral property plant and equipment, $14.7 million in dividend payments for which the rate increased to $0.07 per share from $0.05 per share in Q3 2020, and $12.0 million of cash proceeds from the sale of non-core mineral properties. Additionally, the Company's investments in equity investments classified as a short-term investment, including the Company's investment in New Pacific, increased by $21.8 million in the quarter. Annual operating cash flows in 2020 of $462.3 million, which included $97.0 million source of cash from working capital changes and $81.6 million in tax payments. Annual operating cash flows together with $71.9 million of net cash realized from the partial disposition of the Company's equity investments in Maverix and New Pacific (net of $15.6 million spent to exercise certain Maverix warrants), and $22.5 million of proceeds from the sale of non-core mineral properties was sufficient to finance a net $275.0 million in repayments on the Credit Facility, $178.6 million of investments in mineral property plant and equipment, dividend payments of $46.2 million, and lease payments of $13.1 million during the year. Additionally, the Company's investments in equity investments classified as a short-term investment, including the Company's investment in New Pacific, increased by $21.2 million in 2020. Pan American’s investment objectives for its cash balances are to preserve capital, to provide liquidity and to maximize returns. The Company’s strategy to achieve these objectives is to invest excess cash balances in a portfolio of primarily fixed income instruments with specified credit rating targets established by the Board, and by diversifying the currencies in which it maintains its cash balances. The Company does not own any asset-backed commercial paper or other similar, known, at-risk investments in its investment portfolio. Working capital at December 31, 2020 of $495.2 million increased by $29.6 million from September 30, 2020. The increase was attributable to: the $47.4 million combined increase in cash and short-term investments described above; a $65.0 million increase in other current assets other than those relating to taxes, though primarily from a $47.2 million increase in inventories; all partially offset by a $51.5 million increase in current liabilities, other than those relating to taxes, and a $31.4 million net increase in current tax liabilities. Conversely, since December 31, 2019, working capital decreased by $22.1 million, primarily from: a $60.3 million increase in current liabilities other than those relating to taxes, and a $24.9 million net increase in current tax liabilities; partially offset by $40.7 million of cash and short-term investments, and a $22.4 million increase in other current assets other than those relating to taxes. The net cash generated from the sales of metal production provides our primary source of cash flows. We have not experienced payment delinquencies from our metal sales counterparties during the COVID-19 pandemic, nor do we currently expect to experience such delinquencies as the pandemic continues, though the impact of COVID-19 on the credit risk associated with our counterparties cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. The Company may periodically experience restrictions on the ability of its subsidiaries to transfer funds to Pan American SIlver Corp., primarily as a result of fiscal restrictions or regulatory changes in the jurisdictions where we operate. For example, Argentina has, at times, instituted unfavourable economic policies and strict currency controls, particularly on USD transactions. These restrictions on our ability to receive funds from our subsidiaries have not, and are not currently expected to, materially impact the Company’s ability to meet its obligations. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 52 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Capital Resources The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in its economic environment and the risk characteristics of the Company’s assets. To effectively manage the Company’s capital requirements, Pan American utilizes a planning, budgeting and forecasting process to help determine the funds required to ensure the Company has the appropriate liquidity to meet its operating and growth objectives. The Company ensures that there are sufficient committed loan facilities to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from operations and its holdings of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. In February 2019, in part related to the Tahoe Acquisition discussed in the "Tahoe Acquisition" section of this MD&A, the Company amended and extended its Credit Facility. The amended Credit Facility was increased by $200.0 million to $500.0 million, and matures on February 1, 2023. At Pan American's option, amounts can be drawn under the amended Credit Facility and will incur interest based on the Company's leverage ratio at either (i) LIBOR plus 1.875% to 2.750% or; (ii) The Bank of Nova Scotia's Base Rate on U.S. dollar denominated commercial loans plus 0.875% to 1.750%. Undrawn amounts under the revolving facility are subject to a stand-by fee of 0.4219% to 0.6188% per annum, dependent on the Company's leverage ratio. The Company drew down US$335 million under the Credit Facility, under LIBOR-based interest rates to fund, in part, the cash purchase price under the Tahoe Acquisition and to repay, in full, and cancel Tahoe's second amended and restated revolving facility, under which US$125 million had been drawn. The Company has since repaid the full outstanding amount on the Credit Facility, and has no balance owing at December 31, 2020, and the Company was in compliance with all covenants required by the Credit Facility. The Company’s financial position at December 31, 2020, and the operating cash flows that are expected over the next twelve months, lead management to believe that the Company’s liquid assets are sufficient to satisfy our 2021 working capital requirements, commitments, fund currently planned capital expenditures, and to discharge liabilities as they come due. The Company remains well positioned to take advantage of strategic opportunities as they become available. Liquidity risks are discussed further in the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of this MD&A. The impact of inflation on the Company’s financial position, operational performance or cash flows over the next twelve months cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 53 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Commitments In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that give rise to commitments for future minimum payments. The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of the Company's financial and non-financial liabilities, shown in contractual undiscounted cash flow: Financial liabilities Payments due by period 2020 Within 1 year 2 - 3 years 4- 5 years After 5 years Total $ — $ — $ 3,711 — 3,711 — — 272,266 $ 2,935 6,737 281,938 54,556 367 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than: Severance accrual Employee compensation Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities Income taxes payable Loss on commodity contracts Debt Interest & Standby Fees Provisions(1)(2) Future employee compensation Total contractual obligations(2) (1) Total litigation provision as further discussed in Note 17 of the 2020 Financial Statements. (2) Amounts above do not include payments related to the Company’s anticipated closure and decommissioning obligation (current $8.4 million, long-term $226.7 million) as discussed in Note 17 of the 2020 Financial Statements (2019 - current $3.4 million, long-term $185.1 million), the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition ($20.8 million as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019) discussed in Note 20 of the 2020 Financial Statements, and deferred tax liabilities of $175.3 million (2019 - $176.8 million). 272,266 7,842 6,737 286,845 54,556 367 2,110 3,648 4,396 347,015 $ 2,294 3,109 11,468 20,582 $ — $ 76 — 76 — — — 85 — 1,205 $ 4,404 6,843 15,864 368,879 1,120 — 1,120 — — — 1 — 77 $ $ Outstanding Share Amounts As at December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately 0.32 million stock options outstanding (each exercisable for one common share of the Company), with exercise prices in the range of CAD $9.76 to CAD $65.71 and a weighted average life of 43 months. Approximately 0.30 million of the stock options were vested and exercisable at December 31, 2020, with an average weighted exercise price of CAD $17.95 per share. The following table sets out the common shares and options outstanding as at the date of this MD&A: Common shares Options Total Outstanding as at February 17, 2021 210,261,535 314,549 210,576,084 In January 2019, the Company obtained shareholder approval to increase its authorized share capital from 200 million to 400 million Common Shares without par value. As part of the consideration payable to Tahoe shareholders in connection with the Tahoe Acquisition, Tahoe shareholders received contingent consideration in the form of one contingent value right ("CVR") for each Tahoe share. Each CVR has a 10 year term and will be exchanged for 0.0497 of a Pan American share upon first commercial shipment of concentrate following restart of operations at the Escobal mine. The Company issued an aggregate of 313,887,490 CVRs. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 54 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) CLOSURE AND DECOMMISSIONING COST PROVISION The estimated future closure and decommissioning costs are based principally on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. The provision is measured using management’s assumptions and estimates for future cash outflows. The Company accrues these costs, which are determined by discounting costs using rates specific to the underlying obligation. Upon recognition of a liability for the closure and decommissioning costs, the Company capitalizes these costs to the related mine and amortizes such amounts over the life of each mine on a unit-of-production basis, except in the case of exploration projects for which the offset to the liability is expensed. The accretion of the discount due to the passage of time is recognized as an increase in the liability and a finance expense. The total inflated and undiscounted amount of estimated cash flows required to settle the Company’s estimated future closure and decommissioning costs as of December 31, 2020 was $330.6 million (December 31, 2019 - $290.4 million) using inflation rates of between 0% and 4% (December 31, 2019 - between 0% and 5%). The inflated and discounted provision on the statement of financial position as at December 31, 2020, using discount rates between 0% and 8% (December 31, 2019 - between 2% and 9%), was $235.1 million (December 31, 2019 - $188.5 million). Spending with respect to decommissioning obligations at the Alamo Dorado and Manantial Espejo mines began in 2016, while the remainder of the obligations are expected to be paid through 2046 or later if mine life is extended. Revisions made to the reclamation obligations in 2020 were primarily a result of increased site disturbance at the mines as well as revisions to the estimate based on periodic reviews of closure plans, actual expenditures incurred and concurrent closure activities completed. These obligations will be funded from operating cash flows, reclamation deposits and cash on hand. The accretion of the discount charged in Q4 2020 and 2020 earnings as finance expense were $2.1 million and $8.3 million, respectively (Q4 2019 and 2019 - $2.6 million and $9.9 million, respectively). Reclamation expenditures incurred during Q4 2020 and 2020 were $0.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively (Q4 2019 and 2019 - $0.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively). RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company’s related parties include its subsidiaries, associates over which it exercises significant influence and key management personnel. During its normal course of operation, the Company enters into transactions with its related parties for goods and services. Related party transactions with Maverix have been disclosed in Note 14 of the 2020 Financial Statements. These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 55 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) ACQUISITION OF TAHOE On February 22, 2019 (the "Closing Date"), the Company completed the Tahoe Acquisition. Tahoe was a mid-tier publicly traded precious metals mining company with ownership interests in a diverse portfolio of mines and projects including the Acquired Mines and Escobal in Guatemala, where operations have been suspended since June 2017. The Company now operates three gold mines as a result of the Acquisition. Consequently, the Company's operations have been divided into silver and gold segments for the purposes of reporting. All 2019 production, operating and financial results of the Acquired Mines (including Cash Costs and AISC amounts) reported in this MD&A and included in the Company's consolidated results, reflect only the results from February 22, 2019 onwards. Consolidation of Tahoe As described in Note 8 of the 2020 Financial Statements, the Company determined that the Tahoe Acquisition represented a business combination with Pan American identified as the acquirer. Based on the February 21, 2019, closing share price of Pan American's common shares on the NASDAQ, the total consideration of the Tahoe Acquisition was $1.14 billion. The following table summarizes the consideration paid as part of the purchase price: Consideration Consideration: Fair value estimate of the Pan American share consideration (1) 795,626 Fair value estimate of the CVRs (2) 71,916 Cash (1) 275,008 Fair value estimate of replacement options (3) 124 1,142,674 Total Consideration (1) The Pan American share consideration value is based on an assumed value of $14.21 per Pan American common share (based on the Shares Issued/ Issuable 55,990,512 $ 15,600,208 — 835,874 72,426,594 $ NASDAQ closing price on February 21, 2019). (2) The assumed fair value of the CVRs was determined using a market approach valuation technique that utilized observable market inputs, which included the Tahoe $3.64 closing share price on the NYSE on February 21, 2019, and the Company's $14.21 closing share price on the NASDAQ on February 21, 2019. (3) Assumed fair value of 3.5 million Tahoe options that upon the Tahoe Acquisition vested and converted into 835.8 thousand Pan American stock options (the "Replacement options"). The fair value of the Replacement options was determined using the Black- Scholes option pricing model, as at the Closing Date, the assumptions of which are described in the Company's Q3 2019 Financial Statements. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the identifiable assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the Closing Date of the Tahoe Acquisition: Allocation of consideration: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable VAT Receivable Inventory Other current assets Mineral properties, plant and equipment Other assets Deferred tax assets Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Debt Provision for closure and decommissioning liabilities Net current and deferred income tax liabilities $ $ 27,529 18,154 87,492 148,209 1,381 1,239,402 6,551 30,728 (148,742) (125,000) (77,320) (65,710) 1,142,674 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 56 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE (NON-GAAP) MEASURES Per Ounce Measures Cash Costs and AISC are non-GAAP financial measures that do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Pan American produces by-product metals incidentally to our silver and gold mining activities. We have adopted the practice of calculating a performance measure with the net cost of producing an ounce of silver and gold, our primary payable metals, after deducting revenues gained from incidental by-product production. This performance measurement has been commonly used in the mining industry for many years and was developed as a relatively simple way of comparing the net production costs of the primary metal for a specific period against the prevailing market price of that metal. Silver segment Cash Costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized revenues from all metals other than silver ("silver segment by-product credits"), and are calculated per ounce of silver sold. Gold segment Cash Costs and AISC are calculated net of credits for realized silver revenues ("gold segment by-product credits"), and are calculated per ounce of gold sold. Consolidated Cash Costs and AISC are based on total silver ounces sold and are net of by-product credits from all metals other than silver ("silver basis consolidated by-product credits"). Cash costs per ounce metrics, net of by-product credits, is used extensively in our internal decision making processes. We believe the metric is also useful to investors because it facilitates comparison, on a mine-by-mine basis, notwithstanding the unique mix of incidental by-product production at each mine, of our operations’ relative performance on a period-by-period basis, and against the operations of our peers in the silver industry. Cash costs per ounce is conceptually understood and widely reported in the mining industry. We believe that AISC, also calculated net of by-products, is a comprehensive measure of the full cost of operating our consolidated business, given it includes the cost of replacing silver and gold ounces through exploration, the cost of ongoing capital investments (sustaining capital), general and administrative expenses, as well as other items that affect the Company’s consolidated cash flow. Due to the expected production profile at Dolores, the Company has determined that prospectively the mine is more appropriately categorized as a Gold Segment operation. As such, beginning in 2021, the Company will begin to report Dolores cash costs and AISC, including recast comparative amounts, on a per ounce of gold basis and include it as part of its Gold Segment cash costs and AISC calculations. To facilitate a better understanding of these measure as calculated by the Company, the following table provides the detailed reconciliation of these measure to the applicable cost items, as reported in the consolidated financial statements for the respective periods. All 2019 operating results from the Gold Segment mines only include results from February 22, 2019 to December 31, 2019. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 57 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Consolidated Cash Costs and AISC: (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase price allocation inventory fair value adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs(3) Royalties Smelting, refining and direct selling charges(2) Cash cost of sales before by-product credits(3) Silver segment by-product credits(2) Gold segment by-product credits(2) Consolidated silver basis by-product credits(1,2) Cash costs(3) NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion General and administrative expense All-in sustaining costs(3) Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Gold segment gold ounces sold (koz) Total silver ounces sold (koz) Cash costs per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) Three months ended December 31, 2020 Three months ended December 31, 2019 Silver Segment 119,407 Gold Segment 87,296 Corporate Consolidated (silver basis)(1) 206,702 Silver Segment Gold Segment 93,151 136,443 Corporate Consolidated (silver basis)(1) 229,594 — 6,742 126,148 7,222 22,074 155,444 (127,021) — — 28,424 (6,742) 24,392 596 1,225 — 47,895 4,620 — — 6.15 10.37 11.83 (712) — 86,583 1,902 29 88,514 — (2,745) — 85,769 — 27,615 851 749 — 114,984 — 112 — 763 1,023 1,023 (712) 6,742 212,732 9,123 22,103 243,958 — — (337,483) (93,524) (6,742) 52,007 1,091 2,061 10,679 (34,428) — — 4,732 (7.28) (5.85) (486) 135,957 6,024 21,148 163,129 (113,555) — — 49,573 486 19,584 929 1,652 — 72,225 6,352 — — 7.80 11.37 11.29 (1,683) — 91,468 1,912 326 93,706 — (690) — 93,016 — 26,603 633 777 — 121,029 — 134 — 693 901 901 (356) 87 10,679 10,410 (1,683) (486) 227,425 7,936 21,474 256,835 — — (312,015) (55,180) 486 46,187 2,562 2,583 10,009 6,648 — — 6,392 1.04 0.96 1,000 154 10,009 11,163 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 58 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Year ended December 31, 2020 Year ended December 31, 2019 Silver Segment 375,475 Gold Segment 321,198 Corporate Consolidated (silver basis)(1) 696,672 Silver Segment Gold Segment(4) 516,642 324,655 Corporate Consolidated (silver basis)(1) 841,297 16,175 391,650 20,663 61,340 473,653 (354,042) — — 119,611 (16,175) 83,178 1,474 4,898 (3,463) — 317,735 6,832 137 324,704 — (7,213) — 317,490 — 78,868 3,413 2,996 192,986 402,768 16,966 — — 7.05 11.38 12.33 — 398 — 797 1,011 1,011 (3,463) 16,175 709,385 27,494 61,477 798,357 — — (1,052,852) (254,495) (16,175) 162,047 7,096 8,260 36,375 (56,893) — — 17,317 (3.29) 2,209 365 36,375 38,948 356 516,998 21,413 72,898 611,309 (454,472) — — 156,836 (356) 90,632 3,195 6,605 (43,395) — 281,260 5,308 953 287,521 — (1,968) — 285,553 — 88,464 3,404 2,637 256,913 380,058 3,204 661 31,752 35,617 24,559 — — 6.39 10.46 — 401 — 712 948 948 (2.35) 10.48 (43,395) 356 798,257 26,721 73,851 898,829 — — (1,019,548) (120,718) (356) 179,096 9,803 9,903 31,752 109,480 — — 24,676 4.44 4.45 (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase price allocation inventory fair value adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs(3) Royalties Smelting, refining and direct selling charges(2) Cash cost of sales before by-product credits(3) Silver segment by-product credits(2) Gold segment by-product credits(2) Consolidated silver basis by-product credits(1,2) Cash costs(3) NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development(5) Reclamation cost accretion General and administrative expense All-in sustaining costs(3) Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Gold segment gold ounces sold (koz) Total silver ounces sold (koz) Cash costs per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) (1) Consolidated silver basis calculated by treating all revenues from metals other than silver, including gold, as a by-product credit in Cash Costs. Consolidated silver basis by-product credits include all silver segment by-product credits, as well as gold revenues from the Gold Segment mines as by-products. Total silver ounces sold likewise includes silver ounces sold from Gold Segment operations. Included in the revenue line of the consolidated income statements. By-product credits are reflective of realized metal prices for the applicable periods. (2) (3) Totals may not add due to rounding. (4) All operating results from the Gold Segment Mines, are only from the Closing Date to September 30, 2019, and do not represent a full twelve months of 2019 operations. (5) The amounts for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 exclude $1.9 million from non-cash project development write-downs. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 59 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Sustaining capital is included in AISC, while capital related to growth projects or acquisitions (referred to by the Company as project or investment capital) is not. Inclusion of only sustaining capital in the AISC measure reflects the capital costs associated with current ounces sold as opposed to project capital, which is expected to increase future production. Reconciliation of payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment and sustaining capital (in thousands of USD) Payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment(1) Add/(Subtract) Three months ended December 31, Year ended December 31, 2020 53,637 2019 50,319 2020 2019 178,556 205,807 Lease repayments Non-Sustaining capital(2) Sustaining Capital (1) As presented on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of cash flows. (2) Non-sustaining capital includes expenditures disclosed in the “Project Development Update” section of this MD&A, $0.1 million and $4.8 million in Q4 2020 and full year 2020, respectively primarily for Escobal generators, as well as lease payments related to the power plant at Shahuindo and office lease and capital expenditures related to the corporate offices. (29,610) (45,980) 162,047 179,096 (4,807) (9,857) 13,101 52,007 19,270 46,187 3,180 5,726 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 60 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Silver Segment Cash Costs and AISC by mine: SILVER SEGMENT Three months ended December 31, 2020 SILVER SEGMENT Three Months Ended December 31, 2019 11.78 4.35 3.35 18.29 20.89 19.94 11.83 Dolores Huaron Dolores Huaron (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Silver segment by-product credits Cash Costs La Colorada 22,069 — 22,069 185 4,444 26,698 (17,577) 9,121 NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) — 5,496 442 143 15,201 1,291 7.07 11.78 (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Silver segment by-product credits Cash Costs La Colorada 18,049 — 18,049 179 4,775 23,003 (15,399) 7,604 NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) — 1,957 565 144 10,269 1,770 4.30 5.80 5.80 36,235 6,250 42,485 2,603 13 45,101 (54,493) (9,392) (6,250) 12,778 124 660 (2,079) 959 (9.79) (2.17) 42,949 (435) 42,513 2,126 21 44,660 (40,958) 3,702 435 8,106 274 560 13,077 1,402 2.64 9.33 9.02 Morococha 17,207 — 17,207 — 5,775 22,982 (16,852) 6,130 16,402 — 16,402 57 7,790 24,249 (22,832) 1,416 — 776 — 144 2,336 697 2.03 3.35 — 3,219 30 84 9,463 517 11.85 18.29 San Vicente Manantial Espejo Consolidated Silver Segment 6,455 — 6,455 3,647 2,132 12,234 (4,222) 8,013 — 1,391 — 71 9,475 453 17.67 20.89 21,038 492 21,530 730 1,919 24,180 (11,044) 13,136 (492) 732 — 123 13,499 702 18.72 19.24 119,407 6,742 126,148 7,222 22,074 155,444 (127,021) 28,424 (6,742) 24,392 596 1,225 47,895 4,620 6.15 10.37 Morococha 19,787 — 19,787 — 4,091 23,878 (18,296) 5,582 19,680 — 19,680 — 5,592 25,272 (21,339) 3,934 — 2,834 — 181 6,949 736 5.34 9.44 — 3,945 51 109 9,687 515 10.85 18.83 San Vicente Manantial Espejo Consolidated Silver Segment 12,336 — 12,336 3,494 4,509 20,339 (5,942) 14,396 — 2,048 — 78 16,522 1,001 14.38 16.50 23,642 (51) 23,591 224 2,160 25,975 (11,621) 14,354 51 696 39 580 15,720 928 15.47 16.94 136,443 (486) 135,957 6,024 21,148 163,128 (113,555) 49,572 486 19,584 929 1,652 72,224 6,352 7.80 11.37 9.44 18.83 16.50 16.88 11.29 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 61 SILVER SEGMENT Year ended December 31, 2020 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Dolores Huaron (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Silver segment by-product credits Cash Costs La Colorada 69,073 — 69,073 593 18,110 87,776 (51,039) 36,737 NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) SILVER SEGMENT(1) — 18,417 998 570 56,723 5,254 6.99 10.80 (In thousands of USD, except as noted) La Colorada 74,544 Production Costs — NRV inventory adjustments 74,544 On-site direct operating costs 595 Royalties 17,420 Smelting, refining & direct selling costs 92,559 Cash Costs before by-product credits (69,905) Silver segment by-product credits 22,654 Cash Costs NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Silver segment silver ounces sold (koz) Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) — 9,721 1,445 576 34,396 7,583 2.99 4.54 138,670 12,713 151,384 8,286 66 159,736 (169,802) (10,066) (12,713) 44,861 338 2,640 25,060 4,063 (2.48) 6.17 183,058 (7,885) 175,174 8,264 106 183,544 (168,333) 15,211 7,885 49,660 1,105 2,240 76,100 4,924 3.09 15.45 Morococha 35,768 — 35,768 — 11,712 47,480 (34,856) 12,624 39,572 — 39,572 42 18,167 57,781 (50,826) 6,955 — 4,500 — 576 12,031 1,843 3.77 6.53 — 7,259 138 336 20,357 1,108 11.40 18.38 San Vicente Manantial Espejo Consolidated Silver Segment 25,940 — 25,940 9,812 7,092 42,844 (9,383) 33,461 — 4,877 — 285 38,623 2,153 15.54 17.94 66,451 3,462 69,913 1,930 6,192 78,036 (38,137) 39,899 (3,462) 3,264 — 491 40,192 2,545 15.68 15.80 375,475 16,175 391,650 20,663 61,340 473,653 (354,042) 119,611 (16,175) 83,178 1,474 4,898 192,986 16,966 7.05 11.38 Morococha 73,396 — 73,396 — 15,675 89,071 (78,907) 10,164 76,962 — 76,962 — 21,088 98,050 (84,544) 13,506 — 10,936 13 723 25,178 3,253 4.15 7.74 — 12,599 327 436 23,526 2,335 4.35 10.08 San Vicente Manantial Espejo Consolidated Silver Segment 46,456 — 46,456 11,348 11,871 69,675 (22,573) 47,102 — 4,960 — 311 52,373 4,003 11.77 13.08 62,226 8,240 70,466 1,206 6,738 78,410 (30,211) 48,200 (8,240) 2,757 305 2,319 45,341 2,460 19.59 18.43 516,642 356 516,998 21,413 72,898 611,309 (454,472) 156,836 (356) 90,632 3,195 6,605 256,913 24,559 6.39 10.46 10.80 9.30 6.53 18.38 17.94 17.16 12.33 Year ended December 31, 2019 Dolores Huaron 4.54 13.85 7.74 10.08 13.08 21.78 10.48 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 62 Gold Segment Cash Costs and AISC by mine: GOLD SEGMENT (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase Price Allocation Inventory Fair Value Adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Gold segment by-product credits Cash Costs of Sales NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Gold segment gold ounces sold Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) GOLD SEGMENT (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase Price Allocation Inventory Fair Value Adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Gold segment by-product credits Cash Costs of Sales NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Gold segment gold ounces sold Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Three months ended December 31, 2020 Shahuindo La Arena Timmins(1) Total 23,460 (688) — 22,772 — — 22,772 (2,291) 20,481 — 6,963 — 404 27,848 33,063 619 842 842 23,797 (24) — 23,772 — — 23,772 (365) 23,407 — 13,030 — 295 36,732 42,096 556 873 873 40,039 — — 40,039 1,902 29 41,970 (89) 41,881 — 7,621 851 51 50,404 37,200 1,126 1,355 1,355 87,296 (712) — 86,583 1,902 29 88,514 (2,745) 85,769 — 27,615 851 749 114,984 112,359 763 1,023 1,023 Three months ended December 31, 2019 Shahuindo La Arena Timmins(1) Total 25,375 (916) — 24,459 — 173 24,632 (507) 24,125 — 14,156 82 290 38,653 39,849 605 970 970 28,603 (750) — 27,853 — 118 27,971 (92) 27,879 — 8,382 33 447 36,740 48,062 580 764 764 39,173 (17) — 39,156 1,912 35 41,103 (91) 41,012 — 4,066 518 40 45,636 46,400 884 984 984 93,151 (1,683) — 91,468 1,912 326 93,706 (690) 93,016 — 26,603 633 777 121,030 134,310 693 901 901 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 63 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) GOLD SEGMENT (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase Price Allocation Inventory Fair Value Adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Gold segment by-product credits Cash Costs of Sales NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Gold segment gold ounces sold Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) GOLD SEGMENT (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Production Costs Purchase Price Allocation Inventory Fair Value Adjustment NRV inventory adjustments On-site direct operating costs Royalties Smelting, refining & direct selling costs Cash Costs before by-product credits Gold segment by-product credits Cash Costs of Sales NRV inventory adjustments Sustaining capital Exploration and project development Reclamation cost accretion All-in sustaining costs Gold segment gold ounces sold Cash cost per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold AISC per ounce sold (excluding NRV inventory adjustments) (1) Timmins refers to the Timmins West and Bell Creek mines. Shahuindo Year ended December 31, 2020 Timmins(1) La Arena Total 97,941 (3,125) — 94,816 — — 94,816 (6,120) 88,695 — 22,749 (5) 1,615 113,055 150,775 588 750 750 72,676 (336) — 72,339 — — 72,339 (743) 71,596 — 37,324 — 1,179 110,098 99,320 721 1,109 1,109 150,581 (1) — 150,580 6,832 137 157,549 (350) 157,199 — 18,795 3,418 203 179,615 148,130 1,061 1,213 1,213 321,198 (3,463) — 317,735 6,832 137 324,704 (7,213) 317,490 — 78,868 3,413 2,996 402,768 398,225 797 1,011 1,011 Shahuindo Year ended December 31, 2019 Timmins(1) La Arena Total 90,877 (14,003) — 76,874 — 501 77,375 (1,411) 75,964 — 29,873 787 983 107,607 133,298 570 807 807 99,915 (19,978) — 79,937 — 345 80,282 (278) 80,004 — 47,557 358 1,515 129,434 124,206 644 1,042 1,042 133,863 (9,414) — 124,449 5,308 107 129,864 (279) 129,585 — 11,035 2,259 139 143,019 143,300 904 998 998 324,655 (43,395) — 281,260 5,308 953 287,521 (1,968) 285,553 — 88,464 3,404 2,637 380,059 400,804 712 948 948 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 64 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Adjusted Earnings and Basic Adjusted Earnings Per Share Adjusted earnings and basic adjusted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures that the Company considers to better reflect normalized earnings as it eliminates items that in management's judgment are subject to volatility as a result of factors which are unrelated to operations in the period, and/or relate to items that will settle in future periods. Certain items that become applicable in a period may be adjusted for, with the Company retroactively presenting comparable periods with an adjustment for such items and conversely, items no longer applicable may be removed from the calculation. The Company adjusts certain items in the periods that they occurred, but does not reverse or otherwise unwind the effect of such items in future periods. Neither adjusted earnings nor basic adjusted earnings per share have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The following table shows a reconciliation of adjusted earnings for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, to the net earnings for each period. (In thousands of USD, except as noted) Net earnings for the period Adjust for: Derivative losses (gains) Impairment charges on mineral properties Write-down of other assets Unrealized foreign exchange losses (gains) Heap inventory net realizable value (recovery) charge Unrealized gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts Share of income from associate and dilution gain Gain on sale of assets COVID 19 mine care and maintenance Transaction and integration costs Closure and decommissioning liability Effect of taxes on adjusting items Effect of foreign exchange on taxes Total adjustments Adjusted earnings for the period Weighted average shares for the period Adjusted earnings per share for the period Total Debt Three Months Ended December 31 2020 2019 Year ended December 31 2020 2019 $ 169,018 $ 51,706 $ 176,455 $ 111,244 75 — — 1,002 (3,621) (6,787) (12,340) (9,832) — — 5,174 (30) (22,171) — 40,050 — (1,395) 4,128 (1,046) (14,246) (1,040) — (197) — (1,455) (7,597) (38) — 2,013 8,857 662 (6,137) (10,529) (7,922) 75,097 — 5,174 (18,848) 18,598 $ $ $ (48,530) $ 17,202 $ 66,927 $ 120,488 $ 68,908 $ 243,382 $ 210,193 209,671 210,085 0.57 $ 0.33 $ 1.16 $ 14 40,050 1,882 6,057 29,833 (646) (15,245) (3,858) — 7,515 — (11,208) (7,651) 46,743 157,987 201,397 0.78 Total debt is a non-GAAP measure calculated as the total current and non-current portions of long-term debt (including amounts drawn on the Credit Facility), lease liabilities, and loans payable. Total debt does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company and certain investors use this information to evaluate the financial debt leverage of the Company. Capital Capital is a non-GAAP measure and is calculated as total equity plus total debt less cash and cash equivalents and short term investments. Capital does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company and certain investors use this information to evaluate the enterprise value of the Company. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 65 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Working Capital Working capital is a non-GAAP measure calculated as current assets less current liabilities. Working capital does not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The Company and certain investors use this information to evaluate whether the Company is able to meet its current obligations using its current assets. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES The Company is exposed to many risks in conducting its business, including but not limited to: metal price risk as the Company derives its revenue from the sale of silver, gold, zinc, lead, and copper; credit risk in the normal course of dealing with other companies; foreign exchange risk as the Company reports its financial statements in USD whereas the Company operates in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies; the inherent risk of uncertainties in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources; political, economic and social risks related to conducting business in jurisdictions such as Canada, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Guatemala; environmental risks; and risks related to its relations with employees. Certain of these risks are described below. Additional details and other risks facing the Company, including but not limited to: taxation risks, foreign operations, government regulations, community action, title to assets, and general economic conditions are more fully described in Pan American’s Annual Information Form (available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com) and Form 40-F filed with the SEC, and in the Financial Instruments and related risks section of the 2020 Financial Statements. Certain additional risk factors relating to the business of Tahoe are described in the Company’s management information circular dated December 4, 2018, with respect to the Arrangement, which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Readers are encouraged to refer to these documents for a more detailed description of some of the risks and uncertainties inherent to Pan American’s business. Financial Instruments Risk Exposure The Company is exposed to financial risks, including metal price risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, and liquidity risk. The Company's exposures and management of each of those risks is described in the 2020 Financial Statements under Note 9 "Financial Instruments", along with the financial statement classification, the significant assumptions made in determining the fair value, and amounts of income, expenses, gains and losses associated with financial instruments. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. The following provides a description of the risks related to financial instruments and how management manages these risks: Metal Price Fluctuations The majority of our revenue is derived from the sale of silver, gold, zinc, copper and lead, and therefore fluctuations in the price of these metals significantly affect our operations and profitability. Our sales are directly dependent on metal prices, and metal prices have historically shown significant volatility and are beyond our control. The Board of Directors continually assesses Pan American’s strategy towards our metal exposure, depending on market conditions. The table below illustrates the effect of changes in silver and gold prices on anticipated revenues for 2021, expressed in percentage terms. This analysis assumes that quantities of silver and gold produced and sold remain constant under all price scenarios presented. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 66 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) 2021 Revenue Metal Price Sensitivity Gold Price $1,525 $1,625 $1,725 $1,825 $1,925 $2,025 $2,125 Silver Price $20.50 $21.50 $22.50 $23.50 $24.50 $25.50 $26.50 86% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 96% 97% 93% 94% 95% 97% 98% 99% 100% 96% 98% 99% 100% 101% 102% 104% 100% 101% 102% 103% 105% 106% 107% 103% 104% 106% 107% 108% 109% 111% 107% 108% 109% 110% 112% 113% 114% Since base metal and gold revenue are treated as a by-product credit for purposes of calculating Silver Segment cash costs and AISC per ounce of silver sold, and silver revenue is treated as a by-product credit for purposes of calculating Gold Segment cash costs and AISC per ounce of gold sold, these non-GAAP measures are highly sensitive to metal prices. The tables below illustrate this point by plotting the expected Silver Segment AISC per silver ounce according to our 2021 guidance against various price assumptions for the Silver Segment’s two main by-product credits, zinc and gold, and plotting the expected Gold Segment AISC per gold ounce according to our 2021 guidance against various price assumptions for the Gold Segment's main by-product credit, Silver, expressed in percentage terms: 2021 Silver Segment AISC Metal Price Sensitivity $1,525 $1,625 $1,725 $1,825 $1,925 Gold Price Zinc Price $2,400 $2,500 $2,600 $2,700 $2,800 $2,900 $3,000 109% 107% 106% 104% 103% 101% 100% 107% 106% 104% 103% 101% 100% 98% 106% 104% 103% 101% 100% 98% 97% 105% 103% 102% 100% 98% 97% 95% 103% 102% 100% 99% 97% 96% 94% 2021 Gold Segment AISC Metal Price Sensitivity $2,025 102% 100% 99% 97% 96% 94% 93% $2,125 100% 99% 97% 96% 94% 93% 91% $20.50 Gold Price $1,825 101% $21.50 101% $22.50 100% Silver Price $23.50 100% $24.50 100% $25.50 $26.50 99% 99% The price of silver and other metals are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including: • • global and regional levels of supply and demand; sales by government holders and other third parties; • metal stock levels maintained by producers and others; • • • • increased production due to new mine developments and improved mining and production methods; speculative activities; inventory carrying costs; availability, demand and costs of metal substitutes; PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 67 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) • • • • international economic and political conditions; interest rates, inflation and currency values; increased demand for silver or other metals for new technologies; and reduced demand resulting from obsolescence of technologies and processes utilizing silver and other metals. In addition to general global economic conditions that can have a significant impact on our business in many ways, declining market prices for metals could materially adversely affect our operations and profitability. A decrease in the market price of silver, gold and other metals could affect the commercial viability of our mines and production at some of our mining properties. Lower prices could also adversely affect future exploration and our ability to develop mineral properties and mines, including the development of capital intensive projects such as Navidad, all of which would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. There can be no assurance that the market prices will remain at sustainable levels. If market prices of gold and silver remain below levels used in Pan American’s impairment testing and reserve prices for an extended period of time, Pan American may need to reassess its long-term price assumptions, and a significant decrease in the long-term price assumptions would be an indicator of potential impairment, requiring Pan American to perform an impairment assessment on related assets. Pan American further discusses key assumptions used in measuring the recoverable amounts of its mining assets in Note 13 of the 2020 Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. Due to the sensitivity of the recoverable amounts to long term metal prices, as well as to other factors including changes to mine plans and cost escalations, any significant change in these key assumptions and inputs could result in impairment charges in future periods. The Board of Directors continually assesses Pan American’s strategy towards our base metal exposure, depending on market conditions. From time to time, we mitigate the market price risk associated with our base metal production by committing some of our forecast base metal production to forward sales and options contracts. However, decisions relating to hedging may have material adverse effects on our financial performance, financial position, and results of operations. The Company recorded gains of $nil and $1.2 million in Q4 2019 and 2019, respectively, on certain outstanding collars made up of put and call contracts on base metal production to manage the Company's financial exposure to these metals. As at December 31, 2020, the Company had no outstanding contracts to sell base metal production. During 2020, the Company entered into diesel swap contracts designed to fix or limit the Company’s exposure to higher fuel prices. At December 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding positions on its diesel exposure with a notional amount of 15.6 million gallons, with a weighted average fixed price of $1.18 per gallon, expiring between January 2021 and December 2022. The Company recorded gains of $4.0 million and $4.7 million for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020, respectively (Q4 2019 and 2019: $nil and $nil, respectively). We take the view that our precious metals production should not be hedged, thereby allowing the maximum exposure to precious metal prices. However, in extreme circumstances, the Board of Directors may make exceptions to this approach. Such decisions could have material adverse effects upon our financial performance, financial position, and results of operations. Trading Activities and Credit Risk The zinc, lead, and copper concentrates produced by us are sold through long-term supply arrangements to metal traders or integrated mining and smelting companies. The terms of the concentrate contracts may require us to deliver concentrate that has a value greater than the payment received at the time of delivery, thereby introducing us to credit risk of the buyers of our concentrates. Should any of these counterparties not honour supply arrangements, or should any of them become insolvent, we may incur losses for products already shipped and be forced to sell our concentrates in the spot market or we may not have a market for our concentrates and therefore our future operating results may be materially adversely impacted. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 68 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) As at December 31, 2020, we had receivable balances associated with buyers of our concentrates of $35.1 million (2019 - $48.8 million) and receivable balances associated with buyers of our doré of $ nil (2019 - $17.5 million). The vast majority of our concentrate is sold to a limited number of concentrate buyers. Doré production is refined under long term agreements with fixed refining terms at three separate refineries worldwide. We generally retain the risk and title to the precious metals throughout the process of refining and therefore are exposed to the risk that the refineries will not be able to perform in accordance with the refining contract and that we may not be able to fully recover our precious metals in such circumstances. For example, in November 2018, Republic Metals Corporation ("Republic"), a refinery used by us, filed for bankruptcy. At the time of the bankruptcy, Republic had possession of approximately $4.9 million of our metal and we are pursuing a claim to collect damages, but, like many other creditors, we are also subject to alleged preference claims against us. As at December 31, 2020, we had approximately $61.8 million (2019 - $58.2 million) contained in precious metal inventory at refineries. We maintain insurance coverage against the loss of precious metals at our mine sites and in-transit to refineries. Refined silver and gold is sold in the spot market to various bullion traders and banks. Credit risk may arise from these activities if we are not paid for metal at the time it is delivered, as required by spot sale contracts. We maintain trading facilities with several banks and bullion dealers for the purposes of transacting our trading activities. None of these facilities are subject to margin arrangements. Our trading activities can expose us to our counterparties’ credit risk to the extent that our trading positions have a positive mark-to-market value. Supplier advances for products and services yet to be provided are a common practice in some jurisdictions in which we operate. These advances represent a credit risk to us to the extent that suppliers do not deliver products or perform services as expected. As at December 31, 2020, we had made $8.2 million of supplier advances (2019 - $3.4 million), which are reflected in “Trade and other receivables” on Pan American's balance sheet. Management constantly monitors and assesses the credit risk resulting from our concentrate sales, refining arrangements and commodity contracts. Furthermore, management carefully considers credit risk when allocating prospective sales and refining business to counterparties. In making allocation decisions, management attempts to avoid unacceptable concentration of credit risk to any single counterparty. From time to time, we may invest in equity securities of other companies. Just as investing in Pan American is inherent with risks such as those set out in this MD&A, by investing in other companies we will be exposed to the risks associated with owning equity securities and those risks inherent in the investee companies. Exchange Rate Risk We report our financial statements in USD; however we operate in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies. As a consequence, the financial results of our operations, as reported in USD, are subject to changes in the value of the USD relative to local currencies. Since our sales are denominated in USD and a portion of our operating costs and capital spending are in local currencies, we are negatively impacted by strengthening local currencies relative to the USD and positively impacted by the inverse. From time to time, we mitigate part of this currency exposure by accumulating local currencies, entering into contracts designed to fix or limit our exposure to changes in the value of local currencies relative to the USD, or assuming liability positions to offset financial assets subject to currency risk. Pan American held cash and short-term investments of $118.0 million in CAD, $1.0 million in MXN, $13.9 million in PEN, $7.2 million in ARS, $0.6 million in BOB, and $0.5 million in Guatemalan quetzals as at December 31, 2020. As at December 31, 2020, Pan American had outstanding positions on $51.0 million in foreign currency exposure of MXN purchases and $45.6 million of PEN purchases. The MXN positions had weighted average USD put and call exchange rates of $21.29 and $30.43, respectively, expiring between January 2021 and December 2021. The PEN positions had weighted average USD put and call exchange rates of $3.50 and $3.67, respectively, expiring between January 2021 and December 2021. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 69 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded gains of $1.6 million (2019 - gains of $1.0 million), losses of $2.2 million (2019 - gains of $0.7 million), and losses of $0.6 million (2019 - gains of $0.3 million) on MXN, PEN, and CAD derivative contracts, respectively. The following table illustrates the effect of changes in the exchange rate of PEN and CAD against the USD on anticipated cost of sales for 2021, expressed in percentage terms: 2021 Cost of Sales Exchange Rate Sensitivity PEN/ USD $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $1.21 103% 102% 102% 101% 101% 100% 100% $1.24 102% 102% 101% 101% 100% 100% 99% $1.27 102% 101% 101% 100% 100% 99% 99% CAD/USD $1.30 102% 101% 100% 100% 100% 99% 99% $1.33 101% 101% 100% 100% 99% 99% 98% $1.36 101% 100% 100% 99% 99% 98% 98% $1.39 101% 100% 99% 99% 99% 98% 98% Our balance sheet contains various monetary assets and liabilities, some of which are denominated in foreign currencies. Accounting convention dictates that these balances are translated at the end of each period, with resulting adjustments being reflected as foreign exchange gains or losses on our income statement. In addition to the foregoing, governmental restrictions and controls relating to exchange rates also impact our operations. In Argentina, for example, the government has at times established official exchanges rates that were significantly different than the unofficial exchange rates more readily utilized locally to determine prices and value. Our investments in Argentina are primarily funded from outside of the country, and therefore conversion of foreign currencies, like USD, at the official exchange rate has had the effect of reducing purchasing power and substantially increasing relative costs in an already high inflationary market. Maintaining monetary assets in ARS also exposes us to the risks of ARS devaluation and high domestic inflation. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations as they come due. The volatility of the metals markets can impact our ability to forecast cash flow from operations. We must maintain sufficient liquidity to meet our short-term business requirements, taking into account our anticipated cash flows from operations, our holdings of cash and cash equivalents, and committed loan facilities. We manage our liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows. We have in place a rigorous reporting, planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support our normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis and our expansion plans. We continually evaluate and review capital and operating expenditures in order to identify, decrease, and limit all non-essential expenditures. We are required to use a portion of our cash flow to service principal and interest on debt, which will limit the cash flow available for other business opportunities. We also maintain and enter into intercompany credit arrangements with our subsidiaries in the normal course. Our ability to make scheduled principal payments, pay interest on or refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Unexpected delays in production, the suspension of our mining licenses, or other operational problems could impact our ability to service the debt and make necessary capital expenditures when the debt becomes due. If we are unable to generate such cash flow to timely repay any debt outstanding, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 70 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. Claims and Legal Proceedings We are subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. Many of these claims are from current or ex-employees, or employees of former or current owners of our operations such as the Quiruvilca-related claims in Peru, which could in the aggregate be of significant value, and include alleged improper dismissals, workplace illnesses, such as silicosis, and claims for additional profit-sharing and bonuses in prior years. In some cases, we may also become subject to class action lawsuits. For example, in mid-2017, Tahoe, which was acquired by us in late February 2019, and certain of its former directors and officers became the subject of three purported class action lawsuits filed in the United States that center primarily around alleged misrepresentations. These U.S. class action lawsuits were later consolidated into one class action suit that is ongoing in Nevada. In October 2018, Tahoe learned that a similar proposed class action lawsuit had been filed against Tahoe and its former chief executive officer in the Superior Court of Ontario. These lawsuits seek significant damages. We have disputed the allegations made in these suits, however the outcomes are not determinable at this time. We may also be subject to proceedings in our commercial relationships. In November 2018, Republic, a refinery used by us, filed for bankruptcy. At the time of the bankruptcy, Republic had possession of approximately $4.9 million of our metal and we are pursuing a claim to collect damages. However, like many other creditors, we are now also subject to alleged preference claims against us by the litigation trustee in the Republic bankruptcy. The trustee has alleged that certain transfers that occurred in the three month period leading up to the bankruptcy are avoidable pursuant to applicable bankruptcy laws and that such amounts received by us from Republic are subject to recovery by the bankrupt’s estate. While we believe that we have defenses to such allegations, if we are unsuccessful in our defense of these claims, we may be subject to significant losses. Furthermore, we are in some cases the subject of claims by local communities, indigenous groups or private land owners relating to land and mineral rights, or environmental or social damage, and such claimants may seek sizeable monetary damages against us and/or the return of surface or mineral rights or revocation of permits and licenses that are valuable to us and which may impact our operations and profitability if lost. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved unfavourably against us. We establish provisions for matters that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. We also carry liability insurance coverage, however such insurance does not cover all risks to which we might be exposed and in other cases, may only partially cover losses incurred by us. In addition, we may be involved in disputes with other parties in the future that may result in litigation, which may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flow and results of operations. COVID-19 and Other Pandemics Since the outbreak of the coronavirus in late 2019 ("COVID-19") , it has spread into areas where we have operations and where our offices are located. Government efforts to curtail the spread of COVID-19 resulted in temporary suspensions of our operations in Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Bolivia, and we have reduced throughput at our Canadian operations in Timmins in order to enhance physical distancing and protect our personnel and the community. The spread of COVID-19 has impacted our employees and contractors, not only as it relates to potential health concerns, but also in terms of limitations on movement, availability of food and other goods, and personal well-being, among others. Our suppliers and service providers have also been impacted. While COVID-19 has already had significant, direct impacts on our operations, our business, our workforce, and our production, the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to impact our operations will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. These future developments include, but are not limited to, the duration of the outbreak, new information that may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19, and the actions taken to contain COVID-19 or treat it. The impact of governmental PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 71 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) restrictions and health and safety protocols could improve or worsen relative to our assumptions, depending on how each jurisdiction manages potential outbreaks of COVID-19, the development and adequate supply of vaccines, and the roll-out of vaccination programs in each jurisdiction. We assume operations will continue to be impacted by comprehensive COVID-19 protocols in 2021, which would increase costs and restrict throughput levels, especially at our underground mines. Our ability to continue with our operations, or to successfully maintain our operations on care and maintenance if so required, or to restart or ramp-up any such operations efficiently or economically, or at all, is unknown. It is also uncertain, beyond 2020, whether we will be able to maintain an adequate financial condition and have sufficient capital, or have access to capital through our credit facility or otherwise, to sustain our business and operations. Moreover, the continued presence of, or spread, of COVID-19, and any future emergence and spread of similar pathogens, globally would likely have material adverse effect on both global and regional economies, including those in which we operate, as we have seen already. Such effects would not only affect our business and results of operations, but also the operations of our suppliers, contractors and service providers, including smelter and refining service providers, and the demand for our production. COVID-19 and the spread of similar pathogens could also negatively impact stock markets, including the trading price of our shares, adversely impact our ability to raise capital, cause continued interest rate volatility and movements that could make obtaining financing or refinancing our debt obligations more challenging or more expensive (if such financing is available at all), and result in any operations affected by coronavirus becoming subject to quarantine or shut down. Any of these developments, and others, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Please refer to "Impact of COVID-19" discussion included in the "Operating Performance" section of this MD&A, as well as Pan American’s new releases for further information and updates related to the impact of COVID-19 on our operations. Climate Change There is significant evidence of the effects of climate change on our planet and an intensifying focus on addressing these issues. The Company recognizes that climate change is a global challenge that may have both favorable and adverse effects on our business in a range of possible ways. Mining and processing operations are energy intensive and result in a carbon footprint either directly or through the purchase of fossil-fuel based electricity. As such, the Company is impacted by current and emerging policy and regulation relating to greenhouse gas emission levels, energy efficiency, and reporting of climate-change related risks. While some of the costs associated with reducing emissions may be offset by increased energy efficiency, technological innovation, or the increased demand for our metals as part of technological innovations, the current regulatory trend may result in additional transition costs at some of our operations. Governments are introducing climate change legislation and treaties at the international, national, and local levels, and regulations relating to emission levels and energy efficiency are evolving and becoming more rigorous. Current laws and regulatory requirements are not consistent across the jurisdictions in which we operate, and regulatory uncertainty is likely to result in additional complexity and cost in our compliance efforts. Public perception of mining is, in some respects, negative and there is increasing pressure to curtail mining in many jurisdictions as a result, in part, of perceived adverse effects of mining on the environment. Concerns around climate change may also affect the market price of our shares as institutional investors and others may divest interests in industries that are thought to have more environmental impacts. While we are committed to operating responsibly and reducing the negative effects of our operations on the environment, our ability to reduce emissions, energy and water usage by increasing efficiency and by adopting new innovation is constrained by technological advancement, operational factors and economics. Adoption of new technologies, the use of renewable energy, and infrastructure and operational changes necessary to reduce water usage may also increase our costs significantly. Concerns over climate change, and our ability to respond to regulatory requirements and societal pressures, may have significant impacts on our operations and on our reputation, and may even result in reduced demand for our products. The physical risks of climate change could also adversely impact our operations. These risks include, among other things, extreme weather events, resource shortages, changes in rainfall and in storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, changing sea levels and extreme temperatures. Climate-related events such as mudslides, PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 72 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) floods, droughts and fires can have significant impacts, directly and indirectly, on our operations and could result in damage to our facilities, disruptions in accessing our sites with labour and essential materials or in shipping products from our mines, risks to the safety and security of our personnel and to communities, shortages of required supplies such as fuel and chemicals, inability to source enough water to supply our operations, and the temporary or permanent cessation of one or more of our operations. There is no assurance that we will be able to anticipate, respond to, or manage the risks associated with physical climate change events and impacts, and this may result in material adverse consequences to our business and to our financial results. SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES In preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. These critical accounting estimates represent management estimates and judgments that are uncertain, and any changes in these could materially impact the Company’s financial statements. Management continuously reviews its estimates, judgments and assumptions using the most current information available. The significant judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty in the application of accounting policies are described in Note 5 and Note 6 of the 2020 Financial Statements, respectively. Readers should also refer to Note 3 of the 2020 Financial Statements, for the Company’s summary of significant accounting policies. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS New and amended IFRS standards not yet effective New accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for the current period and have not been early adopted. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on the Company. DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Pan American’s management considers the meaning of internal control to be the processes established by management to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the Company’s objectives regarding operations, reporting and compliance. Internal control is designed to address identified risks that threaten any of these objectives. As of December 31, 2020, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management of Pan American is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control, including internal controls over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It includes those policies and procedures that: a) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Pan American, b) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of Pan PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 73 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) American are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Pan American’s directors, and c) are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Pan American’s assets that could have a material effect on the annual financial statements or interim financial reports. The Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe that due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. Management reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of the Board. Deloitte LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, was engaged, as approved by a vote of the Company’s shareholders, to audit and provide independent opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. Deloitte LLP has provided such opinions. Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2020 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 74 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) MINERAL RESERVES AND RESOURCES Pan American Silver Corporation Mineral Reserves as of June 30, 2020 (1,2) Property Classification Location Tonnes (Mt) Ag (g/t) Contained Ag (Moz) Au (g/t) Contained Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%) Au (koz) Silver Segment Huaron Peru Morococha (92.3%)(3) Peru La Colorada Mexico Dolores Mexico Manantial Espejo Argentina San Vicente (95%)(3) Bolivia Joaquin COSE Escobal Total Silver Segment(4) Gold Segment La Arena Shahuindo Timmins La Bolsa Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Probable Argentina Argentina Guatemala Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Proven Probable Peru Peru Canada Mexico 6.9 3.6 3.3 2.4 4.4 5.7 30.1 6.8 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.3 — 0.3 0.1 2.5 22.1 90.7 26.9 15.6 74.8 49.6 3.0 7.1 9.5 6.2 164 169 158 187 339 301 23 26 240 276 453 366 591 546 903 486 316 178 — — 7 7 — — 10 7 36.3 19..8 16.6 14.6 48..2 55.1 21.9 5.7 3.2 4.1 16.5 3.9 0.9 5.8 2.2 39.5 225.0 — — — — 0.25 0.20 0.88 0.81 1.87 2.89 — — 0.15 0.35 17.61 0.42 0.34 — — — — 35.3 36.3 853.7 177.4 24.7 42.4 — — 0.2 3.8 41.9 34.2 243.8 0.77 0.31 0.32 0.36 — — — — — — 0.46 0.35 — — — — — 1.44 1.60 1.52 1.31 1.28 1.09 — — — — 0.33 0.39 — — — 1..02 0.77 3.03 3.07 3.98 3.47 2.29 1.90 — — — — 3.36 3.92 — — — 1.75 1.25 519.2 0.64 1,493.8 0.51 1.06 2.13 — — 16.1 10.4 — — 3.1 1.4 0.36 0.27 0.50 0.47 3.05 2.93 0.67 0.57 311.3 135.5 1201.4 750.6 295.8 665.5 202.9 113.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 192.5 Total Gold Segment(4) Total Gold and Silver Segments(4) 1.06 (1) See table below entitled “Metal price assumptions used to estimate mineral reserves and resources as at June 30, 2020”. (2) Mineral reserve estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosures of Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101"). Proven + Probable 5,169.8 3,676.0 283.2 550.2 0.51 31.0 2.13 0.59 0.61 63 — — — 5 (3) This information represents the portion of mineral reserves attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating entity as indicated. (4) Totals may not add up due to rounding. Total average grades of each element are with respect to those mines that produce the element. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 75 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Pan American Silver Corporation Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as of June 30, 2020(1,2) Property Classification Location Au (g/t) Contained Tonnes (Mt) Ag (g/t) Contained Ag (Moz) Silver Segment Huaron Morococha (92.3%)(3) Peru La Colorada Dolores Manantial Espejo San Vicente (95%)(3) Navidad Joaquin Escobal Total Silver Segment(4) Gold Segment La Bolsa Pico Machay La Arena Shahuindo Timmins Canada La Arena II Peru Fenn-Gib(5) Whitney Gold River Marlhill Vogel Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Peru Mexico Mexico Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Argentina Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Argentina Measured Indicated Argentina Measured Indicated Guatemala Measured Indicated Bolivia Mexico Peru Peru Peru Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Measured Indicated Indicated Measured Indicated Indicated Indicated Indicated 1.8 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 15.4 139.8 0.2 0.2 2.3 14.2 183.8 1.4 4.5 4.7 5.9 3.6 6.6 11.0 17.4 2.2 4.9 155.7 586.7 40.8 0.8 1.8 0.7 0.4 2.2 161 155 135 142 204 242 12 15 213 229 167 260 137 126 356 366 251 201 135 11 9 — — — — 5 4 — — — — — — — — — — Au (koz) — — — — 5.7 5.7 18.8 12.5 6.9 17.8 — — — — 0.9 1.4 16.7 93.0 Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%) 0.18 0.61 0.70 0.58 — — — — — — 0.22 0.22 0.10 0.04 — — — — 1.65 1.64 0.91 0.91 0.88 0.54 — — — — 0.19 0.24 1.44 0.79 — — 0.31 0.38 3.02 2.85 2.89 2.94 1.43 0.98 — — — — 2.43 2.80 — — — — 0.59 0.66 9.5 11.8 3.4 2.8 5.9 8.8 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.4 6.1 1.9 67.8 564.5 1.8 1.9 18.6 91.6 — — — — 0.20 0.16 0.36 0.47 1.71 2.95 — — — — 0.19 0.27 0.23 0.20 799.9 0.26 179.4 0.06 0.82 1.29 0.5 1.3 — — — — 1.7 2.2 — — — — — — — — — — 0.90 0.50 0.91 0.67 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.25 3.37 3.00 0.25 0.23 0.99 7.02 6.77 5.29 4.52 1.75 39.9 71.2 137.5 127.1 30.8 52.6 87.9 142.3 239.6 469.6 1,265.2 4,371.9 1,298.6 172.3 387.5 117.4 57.4 125.0 — — — — — — — — — — 0.37 0.35 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Total Gold Segment(4) Total Gold and Silver Segments(4) 0.82 (1) See table below entitled “Metal price assumptions used to estimate mineral reserves and resources as at June 30, 2020”. (2) Mineral reserve estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in NI 43-101. Measured + Indicated 1,034.9 9,194.0 9,373.4 805.5 851.1 0.34 0.30 0.33 0.35 1.29 110 5.6 — — 4 (3) This information represents the portion of mineral reserves attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating entity as indicated. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 76 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) (4) Totals may not add up due to rounding. Total average grades of each element are with respect to those mines that produce the element. (5) The Company disposed of the the Fenn-Gib property in Q4 2020; as of the date of this MD&A, the property is no longer owned by the Company. Pan American Silver Corporation Inferred Mineral Resources as of June 30, 2020(1,2) Contained Classification Property Ag (Moz) Tonnes (Mt) Ag (g/t) Location Au (g/t) Contained Au (koz) Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%) Silver Segment Peru Huaron Morococha (92.3%)(3) Peru La Colorada La Colorada Skarn Dolores Manantial Espejo San Vicente (95%)(3) Navidad Joaquin COSE Escobal Inferred Inferred Inferred Mexico Inferred Mexico Inferred Mexico Inferred Argentina Inferred Bolivia Inferred Argentina Inferred Argentina Argentina Inferred Guatemala Inferred Total Silver Segment(4) Gold Segment La Bolsa Pico Machay La Arena Shahuindo Shahuindo Sulphide Timmins La Arena II Fenn-Gib(5) Whitney Gold River Vogel Mexico Peru Peru Peru Peru Canada Peru Canada Canada Canada Canada Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred Inferred 5.8 4.4 6.2 100.4 3.8 0.6 2.5 45.9 0.4 — 1.9 171.8 13.7 23.9 13.3 12.0 97.4 5.0 91.6 24.5 0.8 5.3 1.5 157 157 232 44 43 206 303 81 351 382 180 74 8 — — 7 14 — — — — — — 29.0 22.4 46.2 141.0 5.3 3.9 24.5 119.4 4.2 0.3 10.7 — — 0.13 — 1.14 2.18 — — 0.27 7.10 0.90 — — 26.8 — 139.0 41.9 — — 3.2 6.3 53.7 0.45 0.35 — 0.20 — — 0.24 0.02 — — — 1.55 1.05 1.60 1.77 — — 0.31 0.57 — — 0.22 2.83 3.38 3.10 4.29 — — 3.14 — — — 0.42 406.9 0.66 270.8 0.16 1.37 4.05 3.3 — — 2.8 45.1 — — — — — — 0.51 0.58 0.24 0.52 0.74 3.27 0.23 0.95 5.34 6.06 3.60 224.6 445.7 101.0 201.8 2,323.3 529.3 683.1 750.0 134.9 1027.4 168.8 — — — — — — 0.17 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Total Gold Segment(4) Total Gold and Silver Segments(4) 1.37 (1) See table below entitled “Metal price assumptions used to estimate mineral reserves and resources as at June 30, 2020”. (2) Mineral reserve estimates were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President Business Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Process Optimization, each of whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in NI 43-101. Inferred 6,860.7 6,589.9 460.8 458.1 289.0 0.14 0.71 4.05 0.71 51.2 0.17 46 12 — — (3) This information represents the portion of mineral reserves attributable to Pan American based on its ownership interest in the operating entity as indicated. (4) Totals may not add up due to rounding. Total average grades of each element are with respect to those mines that produce the element. (5) The Company disposed of the the Fenn-Gib property in Q4 2020; as of the date of this MD&A, the property is no longer owned by the Company. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 77 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Metal Price Assumptions Used to Estimate Mineral Reserves and Resources as of June 30, 2019 Property Ag US$/oz Au US$/oz Cu US$/t Category Pb US$/t Zn US$/t 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,500 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,200 2,350 2,350 2,350 2,600 6,000 2,000 1,100 2,350 2,204 2,424 8,816 Huaron Morococha La Colorada La Colorada Skarn Dolores La Bolsa Manantial Espejo San Vicente Navidad Pico Machay Joaquin COSE Escobal Shahuindo Shahuindo Sulphide La Arena La Arena II Timmins Fenn-Gib Whitney Gold River Marlhill Vogel All categories All categories All categories All categories Reserves Resources All categories All categories All categories All categories All categories All categories All categories All categories Reserves Resources Inferred Resource Reserves Resources All categories All categories Inside pit Below pit All categories All categories All categories Inside pit Below pit 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.50 18.00 18.50 14.00 18.00 18.00 12.52 18.00 18.00 20.00 18.00 18.50 15.00 18.00 18.50 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,350 1,700 825 1,400 1,300 700 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,350 1,700 1,400 1,400 1,700 1,500 1,350 1,190 1,190 1,200 1,200 1,125 1,150 1,150 General Notes Applicable to the Foregoing Tables: Mineral reserves and resources are as defined by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. Pan American reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources do not include amounts identified as mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves have no demonstrated economic viability. Pan American does not expect these mineral reserve and resource estimates to be materially affected by metallurgical, environmental, permitting, legal, taxation, socio-economic, political, and marketing or other relevant issues. See the Company's Annual Information Form dated February 17, 2021, available at www.sedar.com for further information on the Company's material mineral properties, including information concerning associated QA/QC and data verification matters, the key assumptions, parameters and methods used by the Company to estimate mineral reserves and mineral resources, and for a detailed description of known legal, political, environmental, and other risks that could materially affect the Company's business and the potential development of the Company's mineral reserves and resources. Quantities of contained metal are shown before metallurgical recoveries. Scientific and technical information contained in this MD&A has been reviewed and approved by Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., Senior Vice President Technical Services and Processing Optimization, and Christopher Emerson, FAusIMM, Vice President Business Development and Geology, each of whom are Qualified Persons, as the term is defined in NI 43-101. For more detailed information regarding the Company’s material mineral properties and technical information related thereto, including a complete list of current technical reports applicable to such properties, please refer to the Company’s Annual Information Form dated February 17, 2021, filed at www.sedar.com or the Company’s most recent Form 40-F filed with the SEC. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 78 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information Certain of the statements and information in this MD&A constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws relating to the Company and its operations. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. When used in this MD&A, the words, “will”, “believes”, “expects”, “intents”, “plans”, “forecast”, “objective”, “guidance”, “outlook”, “potential”, “anticipated”, “budget”, and other similar words and expressions, identify forward-looking statements or information. These forward-looking statements or information relate to, among other things: future financial or operational performance, and estimates of current production levels including our estimated production of silver, gold and other metals forecasted for 2021, our estimated cash costs, AISC and expenditures in 2021; future anticipated prices for gold, silver and other metals and assumed foreign exchange rates; expectations with respect to the future anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our operations, the assumptions related to the global supply of COVID-19 vaccines and the roll-out in each country, and the effectiveness and results of any vaccines, the lessening or increase in pandemic-related restrictions, and the anticipated rate and timing for the same; the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our financial and operational results; the ability of Pan American to continue with its operations, or to successfully maintain our operations on care and maintenance, should the situation related to COVID-19 not be as anticipated; whether Pan American is able to maintain a strong financial condition and have sufficient capital, or have access to capital through the Credit Facility or otherwise, to sustain our business and operations; the presence and impact of COVID-19 on our workforce, suppliers and other essential resources and the effect those impacts have on our business; the timing and outcome with respect to Pan American's environmental, social and governance activities, and Pan American Silver's corporate social responsibilities activities and our reporting in respect thereof; the anticipated amount and timing of production at each of the Company’s properties and in the aggregate; the timing and impact of the replacement of ventilation infrastructure at the La Colorada mine; the duration and effect of the license suspensions and any road blocks relating to the Escobal mine and; the constitutional court-mandated ILO 169 consultation process in Guatemala, and the timing and completion thereof; the ability of Pan American to successfully complete any capital projects, the expected economic or operational results derived from those projects, and the impacts of any such projects on Pan American; the future results of exploration activities, including with respect to the skarn exploration program at La Colorada; anticipated mineral reserves and mineral resources; and the Company’s plans and expectations for its properties and operations. These forward-looking statements and information reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable by the Company, are inherently subject to significant operational, business, economic, competitive, political, regulatory, and social uncertainties and contingencies. These assumptions include: the world-wide economic and social impact of COVID-19 is managed and the duration and extent of the coronavirus pandemic is minimized or not long-term; if necessary, continuation of operations following shutdowns or reductions in production, our ability to manage reduced operations efficiently and economically, including to maintain necessary staffing; our ability to implement environmental, social and governance activities; tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; ore grades and recoveries; prices for silver, gold and base metals remaining as estimated; currency exchange rates remaining as estimated; capital, decommissioning and reclamation estimates; our mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates and the assumptions upon which they are based; prices for energy inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation); no labour-related disruptions at any of our operations; no unplanned delays or interruptions in scheduled production; all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory approvals for our operations are received in a timely manner and can be maintained; and our ability to comply with environmental, health and safety laws, particularly given the potential for modifications and expansion of such laws. The foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive. The Company cautions the reader that forward-looking statements and information involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this MD&A and the Company has made assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors. Such factors include, without limitation: the duration and effects of the coronavirus and COVID-19, and any other pandemics on our operations and workforce, and their effects on global economies and society; fluctuations in silver, gold, and base metal prices; fluctuations in prices for energy inputs; fluctuations in currency markets (such as the PEN, MXN, ARS, BOL, GTQ and CAD versus the USD); risks related to the technological and operational nature of the Company’s business; changes in national and local government, legislation, taxation, controls or regulations and political, legal or economic developments in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala or other countries where the Company may carry on business, including the risk of expropriation related to certain of our operations, particularly in Argentina and Bolivia and risks related to the constitutional court-mandated ILO 169 consultation process in Guatemala; risks and hazards associated with the business of mineral exploration, development and mining (including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected geological or structural formations, pressures, cave-ins and flooding); risks relating to the credit worthiness or financial condition of suppliers, refiners and other parties with whom the Company does business; inadequate insurance, or inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks and hazards; employee relations; relationships with and claims by the local communities and indigenous populations; availability and increasing costs associated with mining inputs and labour; the Company’s ability to secure our mine sites or maintain access to our mine sites due to criminal activity, violence, or civil and labour unrest; the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development, including the risk of obtaining or retaining necessary licenses and permits; presence of or changes in laws, regulations and government practices in the jurisdictions where we operate, including environmental, export and import laws and regulations; changes in national and local government, legislation, taxation, controls or regulations and political, legal or economic developments in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala or other countries where Pan American may carry on business, including legal restrictions relating to mining, such as in Chubut, Argentina, risks relating to expropriation, and risks relating to the constitutional court-mandated ILO 169 consultation process in Guatemala, some of which might prevent or cause the suspension or discontinuation of mining activities; diminishing quantities or grades of mineral reserves as properties are mined; global financial conditions; the Company’s ability to complete and successfully integrate acquisitions and to mitigate other business combination risks; challenges to, or difficulty in maintaining, the Company’s title to properties and continued ownership thereof; the actual results of current exploration activities, conclusions of economic evaluations, and changes in project parameters to deal with unanticipated economic or other factors; PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 79 Management Discussion and Analysis For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars other than shares, options, warrants, per share amounts, or unless otherwise noted) increased competition in the mining industry for properties, equipment, qualified personnel, and their costs; having sufficient cash to pay obligations as they come due; and those factors identified under the caption “Risks Related to Pan American’s Business” in the Company’s most recent Form 40-F and Annual Information Form filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian provincial securities regulatory authorities, respectively. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, described, or intended. Investors are cautioned against attributing undue certainty or reliance on forward-looking statements or information. Forward- looking statements and information are designed to help readers understand Management's current views of our near and longer term prospects and may not be appropriate for other purposes. The Company does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update or revise forward-looking statements or information to reflect changes in assumptions or in circumstances or any other events affecting such statements or information, other than as required by applicable law. Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities laws, which differ from the requirements of U.S. securities laws. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates included in the MD&A have been disclosed in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum Definition Standards. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Canadian standards, including NI 43-101, differ significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and information concerning mineralization, deposits, mineral reserve and resource information contained or referred to herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies. In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, this MD&A uses the terms “measured resource”, “indicated resources” and “inferred resources”. U.S. investors are advised that, while such terms are recognized and required by Canadian Securities laws, the SEC does not recognize them. The requirements of NI 43-101 for identification of “reserves” are not the same as those of the SEC, and reserves reported by Pan American, in compliance with NI 43-101, may not qualify as “reserves” under SEC standards. Under U.S. standards, mineralization may not be classified as a “reserve” unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced for extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of a “measured resource” or “indicated resource” will ever be converted in to a “reserve”. U.S. investors should also understand that “inferred resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of the “inferred resources” exist, are economically or legally mineable or will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian Securities laws, estimated “inferred resources” may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a mineral resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian Securities laws. However, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade, without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, information concerning mineral deposits set forth may not be comparable with information made public companies that report in accordance with U.S. standards. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 80 Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 81 Management’s Responsibility For Financial Reporting The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Pan American Silver Corp. were prepared by management, which is responsible for the integrity and fairness of the information presented, including the many amounts that must of necessity be based on estimates and judgments. These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the throughout our International Accounting Standards Board management’s discussion and analysis is consistent with these Consolidated Financial Statements. information appearing (“IASB”). Financial In discharging our responsibility for the integrity and fairness of the consolidated financial statements and for the accounting systems from which they are derived, we maintain the necessary system of internal controls designed to ensure that transactions are authorized, assets are safeguarded and proper records are maintained. These controls include quality standards in hiring employees, policies and procedure manuals, a corporate code of conduct and accountability for performance within appropriate and well-defined areas of responsibility. The Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp. (the "Board") oversees management’s responsibilities for financial reporting through an Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of directors who are neither officers nor employees of Pan American Silver Corp. The Audit Committee reviews our consolidated financial statements and recommends them to the Board for approval. Other key responsibilities of the Audit Committee include reviewing our existing internal control procedures and planned revisions to those procedures, and advising the directors on auditing matters and financial reporting issues. Deloitte LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm appointed by the shareholders of Pan American Silver Corp. upon the recommendation of the Audit Committee and the Board, have performed an independent audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements and their report follows. The auditors have full and unrestricted access to the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and related findings. "signed" Michael Steinmann Chief Executive Officer February 17, 2021 "signed" A. Robert Doyle Chief Financial Officer PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 82 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Pan American Silver Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated income statements, statements of comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and its financial performance and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 17, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 83 Impairments – Assessment of Whether Indicators of Impairment or Impairment Reversal Exist within the Mineral Properties, Plant and Equipment – Refer to Notes 3, 6 and 13 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company’s determination of whether or not an indicator of impairment or impairment reversal exists at the cash generating unit level requires significant management judgement. Changes in metal price forecasts, increases or decreases in estimated future costs of production, increases or decreases in estimated future capital costs, reductions or increases in the amount of recoverable mineral reserves and mineral resources and/or adverse or favorable current economics can result in a write-down or write-up of the carrying amounts of the Company’s mining interests. While there are several factors that are required to determine whether or not an indicator of impairment or impairment reversal exists, the judgements with the highest degree of subjectivity are future commodity prices (for both silver and gold), forecast production output (for both silver and gold), company performance, ability and timing to commence or restart mine operations, and the discount rate. Auditing these estimates and factors required a high degree of subjectivity in applying audit procedures and in evaluating the results of those procedures. This resulted in an increased extent of audit effort, including the involvement of fair value specialists. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the future commodity prices (for both silver and gold), future production output (for both silver and gold), company performance, ability and timing to commence or restart mine operations, and the discount rate in the assessment of indicators of impairment or impairment reversal included the following, among others: • • • • Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s controls over management’s assessment of indicators of impairment or impairment reversal. Evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future production by: ◦ ◦ Assessing the methodology used in management’s determination of the future production, and Comparing management’s future production to historical data and available market trends. Performed independent research to assess if there have been any substantive local, political, or regulatory changes impacting the jurisdictions in which the Company operates impacting the ability to commence or restart mine operations. Compared the company performance of the mineral properties to historical results and third-party reports. • With the assistance of fair value specialists: ◦ ◦ Evaluated the future commodity prices by comparing management forecasts to third party forecasts, and Evaluated the reasonableness of the change in discount rate by testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate. /s/ Deloitte LLP Chartered Professional Accountants Vancouver, Canada February 17, 2021 We have served as the Company's auditor since 1993. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 84 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Pan American Silver Corp. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Pan American Silver Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, of the Company and our report dated February 17, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Deloitte LLP Chartered Professional Accountants Vancouver, Canada February 17, 2021 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 85 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (in thousands of U.S. dollars) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ $ 167,113 $ 111,946 127,756 22,051 406,191 7,812 14,055 856,924 2,415,006 24,355 4,009 57,850 71,560 4,171 3,433,875 $ 281,938 $ 367 12,066 12,829 54,556 361,756 229,887 175,311 20,736 — 13,273 27,073 — 828,036 120,564 117,776 168,753 17,209 346,507 1,272 16,838 788,919 2,504,901 24,209 17,900 36,447 84,319 4,987 3,461,682 225,330 — 7,372 14,198 24,770 271,670 188,012 176,808 27,010 275,000 12,542 27,754 15,040 993,836 3,132,140 93,409 (623,030) 2,602,519 3,320 2,605,839 3,433,875 $ 3,123,514 94,274 (754,689) 2,463,099 4,747 2,467,846 3,461,682 $ Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents (Note 26) Short-term investments (Note 10) Trade and other receivables Income taxes receivable Inventories (Note 11) Derivative financial instruments (Note 9) Prepaid expenses and other current assets Non-current assets Mineral properties, plant and equipment (Note 12) Inventories (Note 11) Long-term refundable tax Deferred tax assets Investment in associates (Note 14) Goodwill and other assets (Note 15) Total Assets Liabilities Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16) Derivative financial instruments (Note 9) Current portion of provisions (Note 17) Current portion of lease obligations (Note 18) Income tax payable Non-current liabilities Long-term portion of provisions (Note 17) Deferred tax liabilities Long-term portion of lease obligations (Note 18) Debt (Note 19) Deferred revenue (Note 14) Other long-term liabilities (Note 20) Share purchase warrants (Note 14) Total Liabilities Equity Capital and reserves (Note 21) Issued capital Reserves Deficit Total Equity attributable to equity holders of the Company Non-controlling interests Total Equity Total Liabilities and Equity Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9, 30) See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements APPROVED BY THE BOARD ON FEBRUARY 17, 2021 "signed" Ross Beaty, Director "signed" Michael Steinmann, Director PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 86 Revenue (Note 27) Cost of sales Production costs (Note 22) Depreciation and amortization (Note 12,23) Royalties Mine operating earnings (Note 27) General and administrative Exploration and project development Mine care and maintenance (Note 23) Foreign exchange losses Impairments (Note 13) Gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts (Note 9d) Gains on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment Share of income from associate and dilution gain (Note 14) Transaction and integration costs (Note 8) Other expense (Note 28) Earnings from operations Gain (loss) on derivatives (Note 9d) Investment income (Note 9b) Interest and finance expense (Note 24) Earnings before income taxes Income tax expense (Note 29) Net earnings for the year Attributable to: Equity holders of the Company Non-controlling interests Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders (Note 25) Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Weighted average shares outstanding (in 000’s) Basic Weighted average shares outstanding (in 000’s) Diluted See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Consolidated Income Statements (in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share amounts) 2020 1,338,812 $ 2019 1,350,759 $ (696,672) (254,469) (27,494) (978,635) 360,177 (36,375) (7,096) (102,105) (5,474) — 3,543 7,922 10,529 — (22,067) 209,054 38 63,024 (20,104) 252,012 (75,557) 176,455 $ 177,882 (1,427) 176,455 $ 0.85 $ 0.85 $ 210,085 210,295 (841,297) (253,453) (26,721) (1,121,471) 229,288 (31,752) (11,684) (23,662) (5,003) (40,050) 3,315 3,858 15,245 (7,515) (4,936) 127,104 (14) 84,704 (29,282) 182,512 (71,268) 111,244 110,738 506 111,244 0.55 0.55 201,397 201,571 $ $ $ $ PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 87 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in thousands of U.S. dollars) Net earnings for the year Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net earnings: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on short-term investments to earnings (Note 9c) Total comprehensive earnings for the year Total comprehensive earnings attributable to: Equity holders of the Company Non-controlling interests See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 2020 176,455 $ 2019 111,244 — 176,455 $ (208) 111,036 177,882 $ (1,427) 176,455 $ 110,530 506 111,036 $ $ $ $ PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 88 Cash flow from operating activities Net earnings for the year Current income tax expense (Note 29) Deferred income tax recovery (Note 29) Interest expense (Note 24) Depreciation and amortization (Note 12,23) Impairment charge (Note 13) Accretion on closure and decommissioning provision (Note 17) Unrealized losses on foreign exchange Gain on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment Other operating activities (Note 26) Changes in non-cash operating working capital (Note 26) Operating cash flows before interest and income taxes Interest paid Interest received Income taxes paid Net cash generated from operating activities Cash flow from investing activities Payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment Tahoe Resources Inc. ("Tahoe") acquisition ("Tahoe Acquisition") (Note 8) Acquisition of mineral interests Net proceeds from short-term investments and other securities Proceeds from sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment Exercise of warrants (Note 14) Net (payments) proceeds from commodity, diesel fuel swaps, and foreign currency contracts Net cash used in investing activities Cash flow from financing activities Proceeds from issue of equity shares Distributions to non-controlling interests Dividends paid Repayment of credit facility (Note 19) Proceeds from credit facility (Note 19) Payment of equipment leases Net cash (used in) generated from financing activities Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year Supplemental cash flow information (Note 26). See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands of U.S. dollars) 2020 2019 $ 176,455 $ 111,244 98,355 (22,798) 9,216 272,444 — 8,260 8,857 (7,922) (85,934) 96,982 553,915 $ (10,217) 253 (81,636) 462,315 $ (178,556) $ — — 90,384 22,474 (15,626) (2,594) (83,918) $ 4,737 $ — (46,223) (355,000) 80,000 (13,101) (329,587) $ (2,261) 46,549 120,564 167,113 $ 92,129 (20,861) 16,879 253,453 40,050 9,903 6,057 (3,858) (96,277) (27,944) 380,775 (16,944) 776 (82,579) 282,028 (205,807) (247,479) (1,545) 39,727 10,267 — 2,669 (402,168) 2,781 (924) (29,332) (185,000) 335,000 (19,270) 103,255 (1,061) (17,946) 138,510 120,564 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 89 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares) Attributable to equity holders of the Company Issued shares Issued capital Reserves Investment revaluation reserve Deficit Total Non- controlling interests Total equity 153,448,356 $ 2,321,498 $ 22,573 $ 208 $ (836,067) $ 1,508,212 $ 5,137 $ 1,513,349 — — — — — — — — — — (208) (208) 110,738 — 110,738 110,738 (208) 110,530 506 — 506 111,244 (208) 111,036 244,299 3,697 (916) 152,391 2,693 — — — 577 55,990,512 795,626 72,040 — — — — 209,835,558 $ 3,123,514 $ — — 94,274 $ — — — — — — — — 2,781 2,693 577 867,666 (28) (29,332) — — — $ (754,689) $ 2,463,099 $ (28) (29,332) — — — — 2,781 2,693 577 867,666 (896) — (924) (29,332) 4,747 $ 2,467,846 — — — — — — 329,379 5,800 (1,063) 93,730 2,826 — — — — — 177,882 177,882 177,882 177,882 (1,427) (1,427) 176,455 176,455 — — 4,737 2,826 — — 4,737 2,826 Balance, December 31, 2018 Total comprehensive earnings Net earnings for the year Other comprehensive loss Shares issued on the exercise of stock options Shares issued as compensation (Note 26) Share-based compensation on option grants Tahoe Acquisition consideration Distributions by subsidiaries to non-controlling interests Dividends paid Balance, December 31, 2019 Total comprehensive earnings Net earnings for the year Shares issued on the exercise of stock options Shares issued as compensation (Note 26) Share-based compensation on option grants Dividends paid Balance, December 31, 2020 See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 210,258,667 $ 3,132,140 $ — — — — 198 — 93,409 $ — — — — $ (623,030) $ 2,602,519 $ 198 (46,223) (46,223) — — 198 (46,223) 3,320 $ 2,605,839 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 90 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS Pan American Silver Corp. is the ultimate parent company of its subsidiary group (collectively, the “Company”, or “Pan American”). Pan American is a British Columbia corporation domiciled in Canada, and its office is at Suite 1440 – 625 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2T6. The Company is engaged in the production and sale of silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper as well as other related activities, including exploration, extraction, processing, refining and reclamation. The Company’s major products are produced from mines in Canada, Peru, Mexico, Argentina and Bolivia. Additionally, the Company has project development activities in Canada, Peru, Mexico and Argentina, and exploration activities throughout South America, Canada and Mexico. As at December 31, 2020, the Company's Escobal mine in Guatemala continues to be on care and maintenance pending satisfactory completion of a consultation process led by the Ministry of Energy and Mines in Guatemala. 2. BASIS OF PREPARATION These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”), effective as of December 31, 2020. These consolidated financial statements were approved for issuance by the Board of Directors on February 17, 2021. 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are as follows: a) Presentation currency The functional and presentation currency of the Company and each of its subsidiaries is the United States dollar ("USD"). b) Basis of measurement These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on an historical cost basis, except for those assets and liabilities that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values at the end of each reporting period. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 91 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) c) Basis of consolidation The accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are controlled by the Company, have been included in these consolidated financial statements. Control is achieved when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from the investee and when the Company has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial results of the Company from the effective date of acquisition up to the effective date of disposition or loss of control. The principal subsidiaries of the Company and their geographic locations at December 31, 2020 were as follows: Subsidiary Location Canada Lake Shore Gold Corp. Plata Panamericana S.A. de C.V. Mexico Compañía Minera Dolores S.A. de C.V. Mexico Pan American Silver Huaron S.A. Compañía Minera Argentum S.A. Shahuindo S.A.C. La Arena S.A. Pan American Silver (Bolivia) S.A. Pan American Silver Guatemala S.A. Peru Peru Peru Peru Bolivia Guatemala Minera Tritón Argentina S.A. Minera Joaquin S.R.L. Minera Argenta S.A. Argentina Argentina Argentina d) Investments in associates Ownership Interest Accounting Operations and Development Projects Owned 100 % Consolidated Bell Creek and Timmins mines 100 % Consolidated La Colorada mine 100 % Consolidated Dolores mine 100 % Consolidated Huaron mine 92 % Consolidated Morococha mine 100 % Consolidated Shahuindo mine 100 % Consolidated La Arena mine 95 % Consolidated San Vicente mine 100 % Consolidated Escobal mine Manantial Espejo mine & Cap-Oeste Sur Este ("COSE") project 100 % Consolidated 100 % Consolidated Joaquin project 100 % Consolidated Navidad project An associate is an entity over which the investor has significant influence but not control and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is presumed to exist where the Company has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, but can also arise where the Company has less than 20%, if the Company has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions affecting the entity. The Company’s share of the net assets and net earnings or loss is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. e) Business combinations Upon the acquisition of a business, the acquisition method of accounting is used, whereby the purchase consideration is allocated to the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities (identifiable net assets) acquired on the basis of fair value at the date of acquisition. When the cost of the acquisition exceeds the fair value attributable to the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets, the difference is treated as goodwill, which is not amortized and is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently when there is an indication of impairment. If the fair value attributable to the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets exceeds the cost of acquisition, the difference is immediately recognized in the consolidated income statement. Acquisition related costs, other than costs to issue debt or equity securities of the acquirer, including investment banking fees, legal fees, accounting fees, valuation fees, and other professional or consulting fees are expensed as incurred. The costs to issue equity securities of the Company as consideration for the acquisition are reduced from share capital as share issuance costs. The costs to issue debt securities are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method. Non-controlling interests are measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the recognized amounts of the acquirers’ identifiable net assets as at the date of acquisition. The choice of measurement basis is made on a transaction by transaction basis. Control of a business may be achieved in stages. Upon the acquisition of control, any previously held interest is re-measured to fair value at the date control is obtained resulting in a gain or loss upon the acquisition of control. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 92 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. These provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. f) Revenue recognition Revenue associated with the sale of commodities is recognized when control of the asset sold is transferred to the customer. Indicators of control transferring include an unconditional obligation to pay, legal title, physical possession, transfer of risk and rewards and customer acceptance. This generally occurs when the goods are delivered to a loading port, warehouse, vessel or metal account as contractually agreed with the buyer; at which point the buyer controls the goods. In cases where the Company is responsible for the cost of shipping and certain other services after the date on which control of the goods transfers to the customer, these other services are considered separate performance obligations and thus a portion of revenue earned under the contract is allocated and recognized as these performance obligations are satisfied. The Company’s concentrate sales contracts with third-party buyers, in general, provide for a provisional payment based upon provisional assays and quoted metal prices. Final settlement is based on applicable commodity prices set on specified quotational periods, typically ranging from one month prior to shipment, and can extend to three months after the shipment arrives at the smelter and is based on average market metal prices. For this purpose, the transaction price can be measured reliably for those products, such as silver, gold, zinc, lead and copper, for which there exists an active and freely traded commodity market such as the London Metals Exchange and the value of product sold by the Company is directly linked to the form in which it is traded on that market. Sales revenue is commonly subject to adjustments based on an inspection of the product by the customer. In such cases, sales revenue is initially recognized on a provisional basis using the Company’s best estimate of contained metal, and adjusted subsequently. Revenues are recorded under these contracts at the time control passes to the buyer based on the expected settlement period. Revenue on provisionally priced sales is recognized based on estimates of the fair value of the consideration receivable based on forward market prices and estimated quantities. At each reporting date provisionally priced metal is marked to market based on the forward selling price for the quotational period stipulated in the contract. Variations between the price recorded at the date when control is transferred to the buyer and the actual final price set under the smelting contracts are caused by changes in metal prices resulting in the receivable being recorded at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL"). IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("IFRS 15") requires that variable consideration should only be recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The Company concluded that the adjustments relating to the final assay results for the quantity and quality of concentrate sold are not significant and do not constrain the recognition of revenue. Refining and treatment charges under the sales contracts are netted against revenue for sales of metal concentrate. The Company recognizes deferred revenue in the event it receives payments from customers in consideration for future commitments to deliver metals and before such sale meets the criteria for revenue recognition. The Company recognizes amounts in revenue as the metals are delivered to the customer. Specifically, for the metal agreements entered into with Maverix Metals Inc. ("Maverix"), the Company determines the amortization of deferred revenue to the Consolidated Income Statement on a per unit basis using the estimated total quantity of metal expected to be delivered to Maverix over the terms of the contract. The Company estimates the current portion of deferred revenue based on quantities anticipated to be delivered over the next twelve months. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 93 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) g) Financial instruments Measurement – initial recognition Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. On initial recognition, all financial assets and financial liabilities are recorded at fair value, net of attributable transaction costs, except for financial assets and liabilities classified as at FVTPL. Transaction costs of financial assets and liabilities classified as at FVTPL are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Subsequent measurement of financial assets and liabilities depends on the classifications of such assets and liabilities. Classification of financial assets Amortized cost: Financial assets that meet the following conditions are measured subsequently at amortized cost: (i) The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and (ii) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The amortized cost of a financial asset is the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus the cumulative amortization using effective interest method of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Interest income is recognized in Investment (loss) income in the Consolidated Income Statements. The Company's financial assets at amortized cost primarily include cash and cash equivalents, receivables not arising from sale of metal concentrates included in Trade and other receivables in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Note 9(a)). Fair value through other comprehensive income ("FVTOCI"): Financial assets that meet the following conditions are measured at FVTOCI: (i) The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets, and (ii) The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Company's short-term investments in other than equity securities are measured at FVTOCI (Note 9(c)). FVTPL: By default, all other financial assets are measured subsequently at FVTPL. The Company, at initial recognition, may also irrevocably designate a financial asset as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases. Financial assets measured at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognized in profit or loss to the extent they are not part of a designated hedging relationship. Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 9(e)(ii). The Company's financial assets at FVTPL include its trade receivables from provisional concentrate sales, short-term investments in equity securities, and derivative assets not designated as hedging instruments. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 94 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Financial liabilities and equity Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments. Classification of financial liabilities Financial liabilities that are not contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, held for trading or designated as at FVTPL, are measured at amortized cost using effective interest method. Derivatives When the Company enters into derivative contracts, these transactions are designed to reduce exposures related to assets and liabilities, firm commitments or anticipated transactions. The Company does not have derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges and consequently all derivatives are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net earnings. h) Derivative Financial Instruments The Company utilizes metals and currency contracts, including forward contracts to manage exposure to fluctuations in metal prices and foreign currency exchange rates. For metals production, these contracts are intended to reduce the risk of falling prices on the Company’s future sales. Foreign currency derivative financial instruments, such as forward contracts are used to manage the effects of exchange rate changes on foreign currency cost exposures. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative and any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value on derivatives are taken directly to earnings for the year. The fair value of forward currency and commodity contracts is calculated by reference to current forward exchange rates and prices for contracts with similar maturity profiles. Derivatives, including certain conversion options and warrants with exercise prices in a currency other than the functional currency, are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss. i) Inventories Inventories include work in progress, concentrate ore, doré, processed silver and gold, heap leach inventory, and operating materials and supplies. Work in progress inventory includes ore stockpiles and other partly processed material. Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted and is available for further processing. The classification of inventory is determined by the stage at which the ore is in the production process. Inventories of ore are sampled for metal content and are valued based on the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value ("NRV") based upon the period ending prices of contained metal. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis or using a first-in-first-out basis and includes all costs incurred in the normal course of business including direct material and direct labour costs and an allocation of production overheads, depreciation and amortization, and other costs, based on normal production capacity, incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition. Material that does not contain a minimum quantity of metal to cover estimated processing expenses to recover the contained metal is not classified as inventory and is assigned no value. The work in progress inventory is considered part of the operating cycle which the Company classifies as current inventory and hence heap leach and stockpiles are included in current inventory. Quantities are assessed primarily through surveys and assays. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 95 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The costs incurred in the construction of the heap leach pad are capitalized. Heap leach inventory represents silver and gold contained in ore that has been placed on the leach pad for cyanide irrigation. The heap leach process is a process of extracting silver and gold by placing ore on an impermeable pad and applying a diluted cyanide solution that dissolves a portion of the contained silver and gold, which is then recovered during the metallurgical process. When the ore is placed on the pad, an estimate of the recoverable ounces is made based on tonnage, ore grade and estimated recoveries of the ore type placed on the pad. The estimated recoverable ounces on the pad are used to compile the inventory cost. The Company uses several integrated steps to scientifically measure the metal content of the ore placed on the leach pads. The tonnage, grade, and ore type to be mined in a period was first estimated using the Mineral Reserve model. As the ore body is drilled in preparation for the blasting process, samples are taken of the drill residue which is assayed to determine their metal content and quantities of contained metal. The estimated recoverable ounces carried in the leach pad inventory are adjusted based on actual recoveries being experienced. Actual and estimated recoveries achieved are measured to the extent possible using various indicators including, but not limited to, individual cell recoveries, the use of leach curve recovery and trends in the levels of carried ounces depending on the circumstances or cumulative pad recoveries. The Company then processes the ore through the crushing facility where the output is again weighed and sampled for assaying. A metallurgical reconciliation with the data collected from the mining operation is completed with appropriate adjustments made to previous estimates. The crushed ore is then transported to the leach pad for application of the leaching solution. The samples from the automated sampler are assayed each shift and used for process control. The quantity of leach solution is measured by flow meters throughout the leaching and precipitation process. The pregnant solution from the heap leach is collected and passed through the processing circuit to produce precipitate which is retorted and then smelted to produce doré bars. The Company allocates direct and indirect production costs to by-products on a systematic and rational basis. With respect to concentrate and doré inventory, production costs are allocated based on the silver equivalent ounces contained within the respective concentrate and doré. The inventory is stated at lower of cost or NRV, with cost being determined using a weighted average cost method. The ending inventory value of ounces associated with the leach pad is equal to opening recoverable ounces plus recoverable ounces placed less ounces produced plus or minus ounce adjustments. The estimate of both the ultimate recovery expected over time and the quantity of metal that may be extracted relative to the time the leach process occurs requires the use of estimates which rely upon laboratory test work and estimated models of the leaching kinetics in the heap leach pads. Test work consists of leach columns of up to 400 days duration with 150 days being the average, from which the Company projects metal recoveries up to three years in the future. The quantities of metal contained in the ore are based upon actual weights and assay analysis. The rate at which the leach process extracts gold and silver from the crushed ore is based upon laboratory column tests and actual experience. The assumptions used by the Company to measure metal content during each stage of the inventory conversion process include estimated recovery rates based on laboratory testing and assaying. The Company periodically reviews its estimates compared to actual experience and revises its estimates when appropriate. The ultimate recovery will not be known until the leaching operations cease. Supplies inventories are valued at the lower of average cost and NRV using replacement cost plus cost to dispose, net of obsolescence. Concentrate and doré inventory includes product at the mine site, the port warehouse and product held by refineries. At times, the Company has a limited amount of finished silver at a minting operation where coins depicting Pan American’s emblem are stamped. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 96 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) j) Mineral properties, plant and equipment On initial acquisition, mineral properties, plant and equipment are valued at cost, being the purchase price and the directly attributable costs of acquisition or construction required to bring the asset to the location and condition necessary for the asset to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. When provisions for closure and decommissioning are recognized, the corresponding cost is capitalized as part of the cost of the related assets, representing part of the cost of acquiring the future economic benefits of the operation. The capitalized cost of closure and decommissioning activities is recognized in mineral property, plant and equipment and depreciated accordingly. In subsequent periods, buildings, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment in value, whilst land is stated at cost less any impairment in value and is not depreciated. Each asset's or part’s estimated useful life has due regard to both its own physical life limitations and the present assessment of economically recoverable reserves of the mine property at which the item is located, and to possible future variations in those assessments. Estimates of remaining useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually. Changes in estimates are accounted for prospectively. The expected useful lives are included below in the accounting policy for depreciation of property, plant, and equipment. The net carrying amounts of mineral property, land, buildings, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment either individually or at the cash-generating unit level when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. To the extent that these values exceed their recoverable amounts, that excess is recorded as an impairment provision in the financial year in which this is determined. In countries where the Company paid Value Added Tax (“VAT”) and where there is uncertainty of its recoverability, the VAT payments have either been deferred with mineral property costs relating to the property or expensed if it relates to mineral exploration. If the Company ultimately recovers previously deferred amounts, the amount received will be applied to reduce mineral property costs or taken as a credit against current expenses depending on the prior treatment. Expenditure on major maintenance or repairs includes the cost of the replacement of parts of assets and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset is replaced and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will be available to the Company, the expenditure is capitalized and the carrying amount of the item replaced derecognized. Similarly, overhaul costs associated with major maintenance are capitalized and depreciated over their useful lives where it is probable that future economic benefits will be available and any remaining carrying amounts of the cost of previous overhauls are derecognized. All other costs are expensed as incurred. Where an item of mineral property, plant and equipment is disposed of, it is derecognized and the difference between its carrying value and net sales proceeds is disclosed as earnings or loss on disposal in the income statement. Any items of mineral property, plant or equipment that cease to have future economic benefits are derecognized with any gain or loss included in the financial year in which the item is derecognized. k) Operational mining properties and mine development When it has been determined that a mineral property can be economically developed as a result of establishing proven and probable reserves (which occurs upon completion of a positive economic analysis of the mineral deposit), the costs incurred to develop such property including costs to further delineate the ore body and remove overburden to initially expose the ore body prior to the start of mining operations, are also capitalized. Such costs are amortized using the units-of-production method over the estimated life of the ore body based on proven and probable reserves. Costs associated with commissioning activities on constructed plants are deferred from the date of mechanical completion of the facilities until the date the Company is ready to commence commercial production. Any revenues earned during this period are recorded as a reduction in deferred commissioning costs. These costs PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 97 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) are amortized using the units-of-production method (described below) over the life of the mine, commencing on the date of commercial production. Acquisition costs related to the acquisition of land and mineral rights are capitalized as incurred. Prior to acquiring such land or mineral rights, the Company makes a preliminary evaluation to determine that the property has significant potential to economically develop the deposit. The time between initial acquisition and full evaluation of a property’s potential is dependent on many factors including: location relative to existing infrastructure, the property’s stage of development, geological controls and metal prices. If a mineable deposit is discovered, such costs are amortized when production begins. If no mineable deposit is discovered, such costs are expensed in the period in which it is determined the property has no future economic value. In countries where the Company has paid VAT and where there is uncertainty of its recoverability, the VAT payments have either been deferred with mineral property costs relating to the property or expensed if it relates to mineral exploration. If the Company ultimately makes recoveries of the VAT, the amount received will be applied to reduce mineral property costs or taken as a credit against current expenses depending on the prior treatment. Major development expenditures on producing properties incurred to increase production or extend the life of the mine are capitalized while ongoing mining expenditures on producing properties are charged against earnings as incurred. Gains or losses from sales or retirements of assets are included in gain or loss on sale of assets. l) Depreciation of mineral property, plant and equipment The carrying amounts of mineral property, plant and equipment (including initial and any subsequent capital expenditure) are depreciated to their estimated residual value over the estimated useful lives of the specific assets concerned, or the estimated life of the associated mine or mineral lease, if shorter. Estimates of residual values and useful lives are reviewed annually and any change in estimate is taken into account in the determination of remaining depreciation charges, and adjusted if appropriate, at each statement of financial position date. Changes to the estimated residual values or useful lives are accounted for prospectively. Depreciation commences on the date when the asset is available for use as intended by management. i) Units of production basis For mining properties and leases and certain mining equipment, the economic benefits from the asset are consumed in a pattern which is linked to the production level. Except as noted below, such assets are depreciated on a units of production basis. In applying the units of production method, depreciation is normally calculated using the quantity of material extracted from the mine in the period as a percentage of the total quantity of material to be extracted in current and future periods based on proven and probable reserves. ii) Straight line basis Assets within operations for which production is not expected to fluctuate significantly from one year to another or which have a physical life shorter than the related mine are depreciated on a straight line basis. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 98 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Mineral properties, plant and equipment are depreciated over their useful life, or over the remaining life of the mine if shorter. The major categories of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a unit of production and/or straight-line basis as follows: Land – not depreciated • • Mobile equipment – 3 to 7 years • • Mining properties and leases including capitalized evaluation and development expenditures – Buildings and plant facilities – 25 to 50 years based on applicable reserves on a unit of production basis. Exploration and evaluation – not depreciated until mine goes into production • • Assets under construction – not depreciated until assets are ready for their intended use m) Exploration and evaluation expenditure Relates to costs incurred on the exploration and evaluation of potential mineral reserves and resources and includes costs such as exploratory drilling and sample testing and the costs of pre-feasibility studies. Exploration expenditures relates to the initial search for deposits with economic potential. Evaluation expenditures arise from a detailed assessment of deposits or other projects that have been identified as having economic potential. Expenditures on exploration activity are not capitalized. Capitalization of evaluation expenditures commences when there is a high degree of confidence in the project’s viability and hence it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company. Evaluation expenditures, other than that acquired from the purchase of another mining company, are carried forward as an asset provided that such costs are expected to be recovered in full through successful development and exploration of the area of interest or alternatively, by its sale. Purchased exploration and evaluation assets are recognized as assets at their cost of acquisition or at fair value if purchased as part of a business combination. In the case of undeveloped projects there may be only inferred resources to form a basis for the impairment review. The review is based on a status report regarding the Company’s intentions for the development of the undeveloped project. In some cases, the undeveloped projects are regarded as successors to ore bodies, smelters or refineries currently in production. Where this is the case, it is intended that these will be developed and go into production when the current source of ore is exhausted or to replace the reduced output, which results where existing smelters and/or refineries are closed. It is often the case that technological and other improvements will allow successor smelters and/or refineries to more than replace the capacity of their predecessors. Subsequent recovery of the resulting carrying value depends on successful development or sale of the undeveloped project. If a project does not prove viable, all unrecoverable costs associated with the project, net of any related impairment provisions, are written off. A cash-generating unit ("CGU") is identified as the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets. An impairment review is performed, either individually or at the CGU level, when there are indicators that the carrying amount of the CGU may exceed its recoverable amount. A reversal of impairment test is performed whenever there is an indication that impairment may have reversed. When an impairment loss reverses in a subsequent period, the revised carrying amount shall not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset previously, less subsequent depreciation and depletion. Impairments and reversals of impairment are recognized in net earnings in the period in which they occur. Capitalized exploration and evaluation assets are reassessed on a regular basis and these costs are carried forward provided that the conditions discussed above for expenditure on exploration activity and evaluation expenditures are met. Expenditures are transferred to mining properties and leases or assets under construction once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable and the work completed PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 99 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) to date supports the future development of the property. In order to demonstrate technical feasibility and commercial viability, the Company evaluates the individual project and its established mineral reserves, assesses the relevant findings and conclusions from the Company’s activities and in applicable technical or other studies relating to the project, and considers whether and how any additional factors and circumstances might impact the project, particularly in light of the Company’s capabilities, risk tolerance and desired economic returns. The Company conducts its managerial evaluation for commercial viability by assessing the factors it considers relevant to the commercial development of the project, taking into consideration the exploration and technical evaluation activities and work undertaken in relation to the project. If the asset demonstrates technical feasibility and commercial viability, the asset is reclassified to mineral properties, plant and equipment. Assessment for impairment is conducted before reclassification. n) Deferred stripping costs In open pit mining operations, it is necessary to remove overburden and other waste in order to access the ore body. During the preproduction phase, these costs are capitalized as part of the cost of the mine property and subsequently amortized over the life of the mine (or pit) on a units of production basis. The costs of removal of the waste material during a mine’s production phase are deferred where they give rise to future benefits. These capitalized costs are subsequently amortized on a unit of production basis over the reserves that directly benefit from the specific stripping activity. o) Asset impairment Management reviews and evaluates its assets for impairment, or reversals of impairment, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable or when there is an indication that impairment may have reversed. Impairment is normally assessed at the level of CGUs. In addition, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of carrying amount over the recoverable amount, being the higher of its fair value less costs to sell ("FVLCTS"), or its value in use (being the net present value of expected future cash flows of the relevant CGU), of a non-current asset. For a disposal group held for sale, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of carrying amount over the recoverable amount, being the its fair value less costs to sell ("FVLCTS"). The best evidence of FVLCTS is the value obtained from an active market or binding sale agreement. Where neither exists, FVLCTS is based on the best information available to reflect the amount the Company could receive for the CGU in an arm’s length transaction. This is often estimated using discounted cash flow techniques. Where the recoverable amount is assessed using discounted cash flow techniques, the resulting estimates are based on detailed mine and/or production plans. For value in use, recent cost levels are considered, together with expected changes in costs that are compatible with the current condition of the business and which meet the requirements of IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets.” The cash flow forecasts are based on best estimates of expected future revenues and costs, including the future cash costs of production, capital expenditure, closure, restoration and environmental clean-up. These may include net cash flows expected to be realized from extraction, processing and sale of mineral resources that do not currently qualify for inclusion in proven or probable ore reserves. Such non-reserve material is included where there is a high degree of confidence in its economic extraction. This expectation is usually based on preliminary drilling and sampling of areas of mineralization that are contiguous with existing reserves. Typically, the additional evaluation to achieve reserve status for such material has not yet been done because this would involve incurring costs earlier than is required for the efficient planning and operation of the mine. Where the recoverable amount of a CGU is dependent on the life of its associated ore, expected future cash flows reflect long term mine plans, which are based on detailed research, analysis and iterative modeling to optimize the level of return from investment, output and sequence of extraction. The mine plan takes account of all relevant characteristics of the ore, including waste to ore ratios, ore grades, haul distances, chemical and metallurgical properties of the ore affecting process recoveries and capacities of processing equipment that can be used. The mine plan is therefore the basis for forecasting production output in each future year and for forecasting production costs. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 100 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The Company’s cash flow forecasts are based on estimates of future commodity prices, which assume market prices will revert to the Company’s assessment of the long-term average price, generally over a period of three to five years. These assessments often differ from current price levels and are updated periodically. The discount rates applied to the future cash flow forecasts represent an estimate of the rate the market would apply having regard to the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted, including appropriate adjustments for the risk profile of the countries in which the individual CGU operate. The great majority of the Company’s sales are based on prices denominated in USD. To the extent that the currencies of countries in which the Company produces commodities strengthen against the USD without commodity price offset, cash flows and, therefore, net present values are reduced. Non-financial assets other than goodwill that have suffered impairment are tested for possible reversal of the impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment may have reversed. p) Closure and decommissioning costs The mining, extraction and processing activities of the Company normally give rise to obligations for site closure or rehabilitation. Closure and decommissioning works can include facility decommissioning and dismantling; removal or treatment of waste materials; site and land rehabilitation. The extent of work required and the associated costs are dependent on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. Provisions for the cost of each closure and rehabilitation program are recognized at the time that environmental disturbance occurs. When the extent of disturbance increases over the life of an operation, the provision is increased accordingly. Costs included in the provision encompass all closure and decommissioning activity expected to occur progressively over the life of the operation and at the time of closure in connection with disturbances at the reporting date. Routine operating costs that may impact the ultimate closure and decommissioning activities, such as waste material handling conducted as an integral part of a mining or production process, are not included in the provision. Costs arising from unforeseen circumstances, such as the contamination caused by unplanned discharges, are recognized as an expense and liability when the event gives rise to an obligation which is probable and capable of reliable estimation. The timing of the actual closure and decommissioning expenditure is dependent upon a number of factors such as the life and nature of the asset, the operating license conditions, and the environment in which the mine operates. Expenditures may occur before and after closure and can continue for an extended period of time dependent on closure and decommissioning requirements. Closure and decommissioning provisions are measured at the expected value of future cash flows, discounted to their present value and determined according to the probability of alternative estimates of cash flows occurring for each operation. Discount rates used are specific to the underlying obligation. Significant judgements and estimates are involved in forming expectations of future activities and the amount and timing of the associated cash flows. Those expectations are formed based on existing environmental and regulatory requirements which give rise to a constructive or legal obligation. When provisions for closure and decommissioning are initially recognized, the corresponding cost is capitalized as a component of the cost of the related asset, representing part of the cost of acquiring the future economic benefits of the operation. The capitalized cost of closure and decommissioning activities is recognized in property, plant and equipment and depreciated accordingly. The value of the provision is progressively increased over time as the effect of discounting unwinds, creating an expense recognized in finance expenses. Closure and decommissioning provisions are also adjusted for changes in estimates. Those adjustments are accounted for as a change in the corresponding capitalized cost, except where a reduction in the provision is greater than the un-depreciated capitalized cost of the related assets, in which case the capitalized cost is reduced to nil and the remaining adjustment is recognized in the income statement. In the case of closed sites, changes to estimated costs are recognized immediately in the income statement. Changes to the capitalized cost result in an adjustment to future depreciation and finance charges. Adjustments to the estimated amount and timing of future closure and decommissioning cash flows are a normal occurrence in light of the significant judgements and estimates involved. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 101 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The provision is reviewed at the end of each reporting period for changes to obligations, legislation or discount rates that impact estimated costs or lives of operations and adjusted to reflect current best estimate. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision resulting from changes in the estimated cash flows or discount rate and the adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively. q) Foreign currency translation The Company’s functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is the USD as this is the principal currency of the economic environments in which they operate. Transaction amounts denominated in foreign currencies (currencies other than USD) are translated into USD at exchange rates prevailing at the transaction dates. Carrying values of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are re-translated at each statement of financial position date to reflect the U.S. exchange rate prevailing at that date. Gains and losses arising from translation of foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities at each period end are included in earnings except for differences arising on decommissioning provisions which are capitalized for operating mines. r) Share-based payments The Company makes share-based awards, including restricted share units ("RSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs"), shares and options, to certain employees. For equity-settled awards, the fair value is charged to the income statement and credited to equity, on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, after adjusting for the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest. The fair value of the equity-settled awards is determined at the date of grant. Non-vesting conditions and market conditions, such as target share price upon which vesting is conditioned, are factored into the determination of fair value at the date of grant. All other vesting conditions are excluded from the determination of fair value and included in management’s estimate of the number of awards ultimately expected to vest. The fair value is determined by using option pricing models. At each statement of financial position date prior to vesting, the cumulative expense representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest is computed (after adjusting for non-market performance conditions). The movement in cumulative expense is recognized in the income statement with a corresponding entry within equity. No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vested irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied. Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, as a minimum an expense is recognized as if the terms had not been modified over the original vesting period. In addition, an expense is recognized for any modification, which increases the total fair value of the share-based payment arrangement, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification, over the remainder of the new vesting period. Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognized for the award is recognized immediately. Any compensation paid up to the fair value of the awards at the cancellation or settlement date is deducted from equity, with any excess over fair value being treated as an expense in the income statement. However, if a new award is substituted for the cancelled award, and designated as a replacement award on the date that it is granted, the new awards are treated as if they are a modification of the original award, as described in the previous paragraph. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 102 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) s) Leases Lease Definition At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An identified asset may be implicitly or explicitly specified in a contract, but must be physically distinct, and must not have the ability for substitution by a lessor. The Company has the right to control an identified asset if it obtains substantially all of its economic benefits and either pre-determines, or directs how and for what purpose the asset is used. Measurement of ROU Assets and Lease Obligations At lease commencement, the Company recognizes a ROU Asset and a lease obligation. The ROU Asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease obligation adjusted for any lease payments made at, or before, the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The ROU Asset is subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease, or the useful life of the asset determined on the same basis as the Company’s property, plant and equipment. The ROU Asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease obligation. The lease obligation is initially measured at the present value of lease payments remaining at the lease commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease obligation, when applicable, may comprise fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and the exercise price under a purchase, extension or termination option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The lease obligation is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease obligation is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU Asset. Recognition Exemptions The Company has elected not to recognize ROU Assets and lease obligations for short-term leases that have a lease term of twelve months or less or for leases of low-value assets. Payments associated with these leases are recognized as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term within costs and expenses on the consolidated income statement. t) Income taxes Taxation on the earnings or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Taxation is recognized in the income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the tax is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year using rates enacted or substantively enacted at the year end, and includes any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax is provided using the statement of financial position liability method, providing for the tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax assessment or deduction purposes. Where an asset has no deductible or depreciable amount for income tax purposes, but has a deductible amount on sale or abandonment for capital gains tax purposes, that amount is included in the determination of temporary differences. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 103 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The tax effect of certain temporary differences is not recognized, principally with respect to goodwill; temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities (other than those arising in a business combination or in a manner that initially impacted accounting or taxable earnings); and temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates to the extent that the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and the temporary difference is not expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. The amount of deferred tax recognized is based on the expected manner and timing of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, with the exception of items that have a tax base solely derived under capital gains tax legislation, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at period end. To the extent that an item’s tax base is solely derived from the amount deductible under capital gains tax legislation, deferred tax is determined as if such amounts are deductible in determining future assessable income. The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each statement of financial position date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable earnings will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. To the extent that an asset not previously recognized fulfils the criteria for recognition, a deferred income tax asset is recorded. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the statement of financial position date. Current and deferred taxes relating to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity are recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in the income statement. Mining taxes and royalties are treated and disclosed as current and deferred taxes if they have the characteristics of an income tax. Judgements are required about the application of income tax legislation. These judgements and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty, hence there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will alter expectations, which may impact the amount of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognized on the statement of financial position and the amount of other tax losses and temporary differences not yet recognized. In such circumstances, some or the entire carrying amount of recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities may require adjustment, resulting in a corresponding credit or charge to the income statement. Deferred tax assets, including those arising from tax losses, capital losses and temporary differences, are recognized only where it is probable that taxable earnings will be available against which the losses or deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable earnings and repatriation of retained earnings depend on management’s estimates of future cash flows. These depend on estimates of future production and sales volumes, commodity prices, reserves, operating costs, closure and decommissioning costs, capital expenditures, dividends and other capital management transactions. u) Earnings (loss) per share Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing earnings attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent entity by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The diluted earnings per share calculation is based on the earnings attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding after adjusting for the effects of all potential ordinary shares. This method requires that the number of shares used in the calculation be the weighted average number of shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. This method assumes that the potential ordinary shares converted into ordinary shares at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if not in existence at beginning of the period). The number of dilutive potential ordinary shares is determined independently for each period presented. For convertible securities that may be settled in cash or shares at the holder’s option, returns to preference shareholders and income charges are added back to net earnings used for basic EPS and the maximum number of ordinary shares that could be issued on conversion is used in computing diluted earnings per share. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 104 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) v) Borrowing costs and upfront costs Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized. Qualifying assets are assets that require a substantial amount of time to prepare for their intended use, including mineral properties in the evaluation stage where there is a high likelihood of commercial exploitation. Qualifying assets also include significant expansion projects at the operating mines. Borrowing costs are considered an element of the historical cost of the qualifying asset. Capitalization ceases when the asset is substantially complete or if construction is interrupted for an extended period. Where the funds used to finance a qualifying asset form part of general borrowings, the amount capitalized is calculated using a weighted average of rates applicable to the relevant borrowings during the period. Where funds borrowed are directly attributable to a qualifying asset, the amount capitalized represents the borrowing costs specific to those borrowings. Where surplus funds available out of money borrowed specifically to finance a project are temporarily invested, the total borrowing cost is reduced by income generated from short-term investments of such funds. Upfront costs incurred in connection with entering new credit facilities are recorded as Other assets and are amortized over the life of the respective credit facilities. 4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS New and amended IFRS standards not yet effective New accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for the current period and have not been early adopted. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on the Company. 5. SIGNIFICANT JUDGEMENTS IN APPLYING ACCOUNTING POLICIES Judgements that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows: a) Capitalization of evaluation costs The Company has determined that evaluation costs capitalized during the year relating to the operating mines and certain other exploration interests have potential future economic benefits and are potentially economically recoverable, subject to the impairment analysis as discussed in Note 13. In making this judgement, the Company has assessed various sources of information including but not limited to the geologic and metallurgic information, history of conversion of mineral deposits to proven and probable mineral reserves, scoping and feasibility studies, proximity to existing ore bodies, operating management expertise and required environmental, operating and other permits. b) Commencement of commercial production During the determination of whether a mine has reached an operating level that is consistent with the use intended by management, costs incurred are capitalized as mineral property, plant and equipment and any consideration from commissioning sales are offset against costs capitalized. The Company defines commencement of commercial production as the date that a mine has achieved a sustainable level of production based on a percentage of design capacity along with various qualitative factors including but not limited to the achievement of mechanical completion, continuous nominated level of production, the working effectiveness of the plant and equipment at or near expected levels and whether there is a sustainable level of production input available including power, water and diesel. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 105 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) c) Assets’ carrying values and impairment charges In determining carrying values and impairment charges the Company looks at recoverable amounts, defined as the higher of value in use or FVLCTS in the case of non-financial assets, and at objective evidence that identifies significant or prolonged decline of fair value on financial assets classified as available-for-sale indicating impairment. These determinations and their individual assumptions require that management make a decision based on the best available information at each reporting period. d) Functional currency The functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which each operates. The Company has determined that its functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is the USD. The determination of functional currency may require certain judgements to determine the primary economic environment. The Company reconsiders the functional currency used when there is a change in events and conditions which determined the primary economic environment. e) Business combinations Determination of whether a set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business may require the Company to make certain judgments, taking into account all facts and circumstances. A business consists of inputs, including non-current assets and processes, including operational processes, that when applied to those inputs have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders. f) Determination of control of subsidiaries and joint arrangements Determination of whether the Company has control of subsidiaries or joint control of joint arrangements requires an assessment of the activities of the investee that significantly affect the investee's returns, including strategic, operational and financing decision-making, appointment, remuneration and termination of the key management personnel and when decisions related to those activities are under the control of the Company or require unanimous consent from the investors. Based on assessment of the relevant facts and circumstances, primarily, the Company's limited board representation and restricted influence over operating, strategic and financing decisions, the Company concluded that it does not control Maverix and as a result classified it as an investment in associate subject to significant influence (Note 14). g) Deferral of stripping costs In determining whether stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mining property relate to mineral reserves that will be mined in a future period and therefore should be capitalized, the Company treats the costs of removal of the waste material during a mine’s production phase as deferred, where it gives rise to future benefits. These capitalized costs are subsequently amortized on a unit of production basis over the reserves that directly benefit from the specific stripping activity. As at December 31, 2020, the carrying amount of Dolores and La Arena capitalized stripping costs was $40.7 million and $32.9 million, respectively (2019 - $57.5 million and $19.9 million, respectively). h) Replacement convertible debenture As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction, the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed the holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Pan American shares ("Common Shares") or a silver stream contract with Aquiline Resources Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The holder subsequently selected the silver stream contract related to certain production from the Navidad project. The silver stream contract is classified and accounted for as a deferred credit. In determining the appropriate classification of the silver stream contract as a deferred credit, the Company evaluated the economics underlying the contract as of the date the Company assumed the obligation. As at December 31, 2020, the carrying amount of the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition was $20.8 million (2019 - $20.8 million). PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 106 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) i) Coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") pandemic impact In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic following the emergence and rapid spread of a novel strain of the coronavirus ("COVID-19"). The outbreak and subsequent measures intended to limit the pandemic contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets. The pandemic adversely impacted global commercial activity. The full extent of the impact of COVID-19 on operations and future financial performance is currently unknown. It will depend on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of COVID-19, its continued impact on capital and financial markets on a macro-scale and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus. These uncertainties may persist beyond when it is determined how to contain the virus or treat its impact. IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. These estimates and assumptions take into account historical and forward looking factors that the Company believes are reasonable, including but not limited to the potential impacts arising from COVID-19 and public and private sector policies and initiatives aimed at reducing its transmission. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Pan American's normal operations in Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Bolivia were suspended for an average duration of approximately two months during the first half of 2020 in order to comply with mandatory national quarantines imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Huaron and Morococha operations were suspended for another approximately three months through the third quarter of 2020. The Company conducted care and maintenance activities at the suspended operations until the government restrictions were lifted and Pan American determined it was safe to resume operations. Following the restart of operations, production was below normal capacity rates in order to accommodate COVID-19 related protocols to help protect the health and safety of our workforce and communities. As of December 31, 2020 no operations were suspended as a result of COVID and, based on management analysis, the Company has concluded that these temporary, short-term, suspensions and resulting deferral of production do not represent indicators of impairment, or require impairment reversal, for any of the Company's assets. 6. KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES Key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are: • Revenue recognition: Revenue from the sale of concentrate to independent smelters is recognized when control of the asset sold is transferred to the customer. The Company's concentrate sales contracts with third- party buyers, in general, provide for a provisional payment based upon provisional assays and quoted metal prices. Final settlement is based on applicable commodity prices set on specified quotational periods, typically ranging from one month prior to shipment, and can extend to three months after the shipment arrives at the smelter and is based on average market metal prices. Sales revenue is commonly subject to adjustments based on an inspection of the product by the customer. In such cases, sales revenue is initially recognized on a provisional basis using the Company’s best estimate of contained metal, and adjusted subsequently. Revenues are recorded under these contracts at the time control passes to the buyer based on the expected settlement period. Revenue on provisionally priced sales is recognized based on estimates of the fair value of the consideration receivable based on forward market prices and estimated quantities. At each reporting date provisionally priced metal is marked to market based on the forward selling price for the quotational period stipulated in the contract. Variations between the price recorded at the date when control is transferred to the buyer and the actual final price set under the smelting contracts are caused by changes in metal prices resulting in the receivable being recorded at FVTPL. In a period of high price volatility, as experienced under PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 107 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) current economic conditions, the effect of mark-to-market price adjustments related to the quantity of metal which remains to be settled with independent smelters could be significant. For changes in metal quantities upon receipt of new information and assay, the provisional sales quantities are adjusted. • Estimated recoverable ounces: The carrying amounts of the Company’s mining properties are depleted based on recoverable ounces. Changes to estimates of recoverable ounces and depletable costs including changes resulting from revisions to the Company’s mine plans and changes in metal price forecasts can result in a change to future depletion rates. • Mineral reserve estimates: The figures for mineral reserves and mineral resources are disclosed in accordance with National Instrument 43 - 101, “Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects”, issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators and in accordance with “Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines – adopted November 23, 2003”, prepared by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum ("CIM") Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources, including many factors beyond the Company’s control. Such estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserve or mineral resource estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used interpretation. Differences between management’s assumptions including economic assumptions such as metal prices and market conditions could have a material effect in the future on the Company’s financial position and results of operation. in engineering and geological • Valuation of Inventory: In determining mine production costs recognized in the consolidated income statement, the Company makes estimates of quantities of ore stacked in stockpiles, placed on the heap leach pad and in process and the recoverable silver in this material to determine the average costs of finished goods sold during the period. Changes in these estimates can result in a change in mine operating costs of future periods and carrying amounts of inventories. Refer to Note 11 for details. • Depreciation and amortization rates for mineral properties, plant and equipment and mineral interests: Depreciation and amortization expenses are allocated based on assumed asset lives and depreciation and amortization rates. Should the asset life or depreciation rate differ from the initial estimate, an adjustment would be made in the consolidated income statement prospectively. A change in the mineral reserve estimate for assets depreciated using the units of production method would impact depreciation expense prospectively. • • Impairment, or impairment reversal, of mining interests: While assessing whether any indications of impairment, or impairment reversal, exist for mining interests, consideration is given to both external and internal sources of information. Information the Company considers include changes in the market, economic and legal environment in which the Company operates that are not within its control that affect the recoverable amount of mining interests. Internal sources of information include the manner in which mineral property, plant and equipment are being used or are expected to be used and indications of the economic performance of the assets. Estimates include but are not limited to estimates of the discounted future after- tax cash flows expected to be derived from the Company’s mining properties, costs to sell the mining properties and the appropriate discount rate. Changes in metal price forecasts, increases or decreases in estimated future costs of production, increases or decreases in estimated future capital costs, reductions or increases in the amount of recoverable mineral reserves and mineral resources and/or adverse or favorable current economics can result in a write-down or write-up of the carrying amounts of the Company’s mining interests. Impairments and impairment reversals of mining interests are discussed in Note 13. Estimation of decommissioning and reclamation costs and the timing of expenditures: The cost estimates are updated annually during the life of a mine to reflect known developments, (e.g. revisions to cost estimates and to the estimated lives of operations), and are subject to review at regular intervals. Decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities are estimated based on the Company’s interpretation of current regulatory requirements, constructive obligations and are measured at the best estimate of expenditures required to settle the present obligation of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur upon PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 108 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) decommissioning of the mine at the end of its productive life. The carrying amount is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash expenditures for the settlement of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur upon decommissioning of the mine. Such estimates are subject to change based on changes in laws and regulations and negotiations with regulatory authorities. Refer to Note 17 for details on decommissioning and restoration costs. • Income taxes and recoverability of deferred tax assets: In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets recognized, the Company makes estimates related to expectations of future taxable income, applicable tax planning opportunities, expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, the Company gives additional weight to positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. The Company considers relevant tax planning opportunities that are within the Company’s control, are feasible and within management’s ability to implement. Examination by applicable tax authorities is supported based on individual facts and circumstances of the relevant tax position examined in light of all available evidence. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to ongoing varying interpretations, it is reasonably possible that changes in these estimates can occur that materially affect the amounts of income tax assets recognized. Also, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company from realizing the tax benefits from the deferred tax assets. The Company reassesses unrecognized income tax assets at each reporting period. • Accounting for acquisitions: The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the resulting goodwill, if any, requires that management make certain judgments and estimates taking into account information available at the time of acquisition about future events, including, but not restricted to, estimates of mineral reserves and resources acquired, exploration potential, future operating costs and capital expenditures, future metal prices, long-term foreign exchange rates, discount rates, and the timing of the commencement of commercial production. Changes to the provisional values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, deferred income taxes and resulting goodwill, if any, are retrospectively adjusted when the final measurements are determined if related to conditions existing at the date of acquisition (within one year of the acquisition date). • Provisions and contingencies: Due to the size, complexity and nature of the Company’s operations, various legal and tax matters are outstanding from time to time. In the event the Company’s estimates of the future resolution of these matters change, the Company will recognize the effects of the changes in its consolidated financial statements on the date such changes occur. Refer to Note 30 for further discussion on contingencies. 7. MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL The Company’s objective when managing its capital is to maintain its ability to continue as a going concern while at the same time maximizing the growth of its business and providing returns to its shareholders. The Company’s capital structure consists of shareholders’ equity (comprising issued capital plus share option reserve plus deficit, plus investment revaluation reserve) with a balance of $2.6 billion as at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $2.5 billion). The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments based on changes to its economic environment and the risk characteristics of the Company’s assets. The Company’s capital requirements are effectively managed based on the Company having a thorough reporting, planning and forecasting process to help identify the funds required to ensure the Company is able to meet its operating and growth objectives. The Company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements and the Company’s overall objective with respect to capital risk management remains unchanged from the year ended December 31, 2019. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 109 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 8. TAHOE ACQUISITION On February 22, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Tahoe (the "Tahoe Acquisition"). Tahoe's principal mines included: Timmins West and Bell Creek in Canada; La Arena and Shahuindo in Peru; and Escobal in Guatemala (the "Acquired Mines"). The Escobal mine's operations have been suspended since June 2017. As a result of the Tahoe Acquisition, the Company paid $275 million in cash, issued 55,990,512 Common Shares, and issued 313,887,490 Contingent Value Rights ("CVRs"). Each CVR has a term of 10 years and will be exchanged for 0.0497 of a Common Share upon the first commercial shipment of concentrate following restart of operations at the Escobal mine (the "First Shipment"). The Company determined this transaction represents a business combination with Pan American identified as the acquirer. The Company began consolidating the operating results, cash flows and net assets of Tahoe from February 22, 2019 onwards. Acquisition-related costs of $7.5 million were expensed during the year ended December 31, 2019 were presented as transaction and integration costs. There were no acquisition-related costs recorded during the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes the consideration paid as part of the purchase price which was finalized in the fourth quarter of 2019: Consideration: Fair value estimate of the Pan American Share consideration Fair value estimate of the CVRs Cash (1) Fair value estimate of replacement options Total Consideration Shares Issued/ Issuable Consideration 55,990,512 $ 15,600,208 — 835,874 72,426,594 $ 795,626 71,916 275,008 124 1,142,674 (1) Net of cash and cash equivalents acquired, the Company paid $247.5 million in cash. The following table below presents the final allocation of the Tahoe purchase price to the identifiable assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values which was finalized in the fourth quarter of 2019: Total purchase consideration paid for Tahoe Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable VAT Receivable Inventory Other current assets Mineral properties, plant and equipment Other assets Deferred tax assets Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Debt Provision for closure and decommissioning liabilities Net current and deferred income tax liabilities Fair value of Tahoe net assets acquired $ $ $ 1,142,674 27,529 18,154 87,492 148,209 1,381 1,239,402 6,551 30,728 (148,742) (125,000) (77,320) (65,710) 1,142,674 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 110 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 9. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS a) Financial assets and liabilities by categories December 31, 2020 Amortized cost FVTPL FVTOCI Total Financial Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables from provisional concentrates sales (1) Receivable not arising from sale of metal concentrates (1) Short-term investments, equity securities Derivative financial assets Financial Liabilities: Derivative financial liabilities (1) Included in Trade and other receivables. Financial Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Trade receivables from provisional concentrates sales (1) Receivable not arising from sale of metal concentrates (1) Short-term investments, equity securities Short-term investments, other than equity securities Derivative financial assets Financial Liabilities: Debt (1) Included in Trade and other receivables. $ $ $ $ $ 167,113 $ — $ — 84,486 — — 35,084 — 111,946 7,812 251,599 $ 154,842 $ — $ — — — — — $ 167,113 35,084 84,486 111,946 7,812 406,441 — $ 367 $ — $ 367 $ 120,564 $ — $ — 116,596 — — — 48,767 — 117,776 — 1,272 237,160 $ 167,815 $ — $ — — — — — — $ 120,564 48,767 116,596 117,776 — 1,272 404,975 — $ 275,000 $ — $ 275,000 December 31, 2019 Amortized cost FVTPL FVTOCI Total b) Short-term investments in equity securities recorded at FVTPL The Company’s short-term investments in equity securities are recorded at FVTPL for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Net gains (losses) on short-term investments recorded at FVTPL were as follows: 2019 (1) 2020 (1) Unrealized net gains on short-term investments, equity securities Realized net gains on short-term investments, equity securities $ $ 10,577 $ 51,562 62,139 $ 83,705 — 83,705 (1) Excludes $0.9 million in income not recorded at FVTPL for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - $1.0 million). c) Financial assets recorded at FVTOCI The Company’s short-term investments other than equity securities are recorded at FVTOCI. The unrealized gains from short-term investments other than equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on short-term investments, other than equity securities — (208) 2020 2019 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 111 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) d) Derivative instruments The Company's derivative financial instruments are comprised of foreign currency and commodity contracts. The net gains (losses) on derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were comprised of the following: Gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts: Realized (losses) gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts Unrealized gains on foreign currency and commodity contracts Gain (loss) on derivatives: Gain (loss) on warrants e) Fair value information i) Fair Value Measurement 2020 2019 $ $ $ $ (2,594) $ 6,137 3,543 $ 38 $ 38 $ 2,669 646 3,315 (14) (14) The categories of the fair value hierarchy that reflect the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability based on unobservable market data The levels in the fair value hierarchy into which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value on a recurring basis were categorized as follows: Assets and Liabilities: Short-term investments Trade receivables from provisional concentrate sales Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities At December 31, 2020 Level 2 Level 1 At December 31, 2019 Level 2 Level 1 $ 111,946 $ — $ 117,776 $ — — — $ 111,946 $ 35,084 7,812 (367) 42,529 $ — — — 117,776 $ — 48,767 1,272 — 50,039 There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2020. The methodology and assessment of inputs for determining the fair value of financial assets and liabilities as well as the levels of hierarchy for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value remains unchanged from that at December 31, 2019. ii) Valuation Techniques Short-term investments and other investments The Company’s short-term investments and other investments are valued using quoted market prices in active markets and as such are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are primarily money market securities and U.S. Treasury securities. The fair value of the investment securities is calculated as the quoted market price of the investment and in the case of equity securities, the quoted market price multiplied by the quantity of shares held by the Company. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 112 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Derivative assets and liabilities The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities were comprised of investments in warrants, commodity swaps and foreign currency contracts. The fair value of the warrants is calculated using an option pricing model which utilizes a combination of quoted prices and market-derived inputs. The Company's commodity swaps and foreign currency contracts are valued using observable market prices. Derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Receivables from Provisional Concentrate Sales A portion of the Company’s trade receivables arose from provisional concentrate sales and are valued using quoted market prices based on the forward London Metal Exchange for copper, zinc and lead and the London Bullion Market Association P.M. fix for gold and silver. f) Financial Instruments and related risks The Company has exposure to risks of varying degrees of significance which could affect its ability to achieve its strategic objectives for growth and shareholder returns. The principle financial risks to which the Company is exposed are: Credit risk i) ii) Liquidity risk iii) Market risk 1. Currency risk 2. Interest rate risk 3. Price risk The Company’s Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework and reviews the Company’s policies on an ongoing basis. i) Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Company’s trade receivables. The carrying value of trade receivables represents the maximum credit exposure. The Company has long-term concentrate contracts to sell the zinc, lead and copper concentrates produced by the Huaron, Morococha, San Vicente and La Colorada mines. Concentrate contracts are common business practice in the mining industry. The terms of the concentrate contracts may require the Company to deliver concentrate that has a value greater than the payment received at the time of delivery, thereby introducing the Company to credit risk of the buyers of concentrates. Should any of these counterparties not honour supply arrangements, or should any of them become insolvent, the Company may incur losses for products already shipped and be forced to sell its concentrates on the spot market or it may not have a market for its concentrates and therefore its future operating results may be materially adversely impacted. At December 31, 2020, the Company had receivable balances associated with buyers of its concentrates of $35.1 million (2019 - $48.8 million) and receivable balances associated with buyers of its doré of $nil (2019 - $17.5 million). The vast majority of the Company’s concentrate is sold to five well-known concentrate buyers. Doré production from Shahuindo, La Arena, Timmins, La Colorada, Dolores and Manantial Espejo is refined under long term agreements with fixed refining terms at five separate refineries worldwide. The Company generally retains the risk and title to the precious metals throughout the process of refining and therefore is exposed to the risk that the refineries will not be able to perform in accordance with the refining contract and that the Company may not be able to fully recover precious metals in such circumstances. At December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $61.8 million (2019 - $58.2 million) of value contained in precious metal inventory at refineries. The Company maintains insurance coverage against the loss of precious metals at the Company’s mine sites, and in-transit to refineries. Risk is transferred to the refineries upon delivery. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 113 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The Company maintains trading facilities with several banks and bullion dealers for the purposes of transacting the Company’s trading activities. None of these facilities are subject to margin arrangements. The Company’s trading activities can expose the Company to the credit risk of its counterparties to the extent that the trading positions have a positive mark-to-market value. However, the Company minimizes this risk by ensuring there is no excessive concentration of credit risk with any single counterparty, by active credit management and monitoring. Refined silver and gold are sold in the spot market to various bullion traders and banks. Credit risk may arise from this activity if the Company is not paid for metal at the time it is delivered, as required by spot sale contracts. Supplier advances for products and services yet to be provided are a common practice in some jurisdictions in which the Company operates. These advances represent a credit risk to the Company to the extent that suppliers do not deliver products or perform services as expected. As at December 31, 2020, the Company had made $8.2 million (2019 - $3.4 million) of supplier advances, which are reflected in “Trade and other receivables” on the Company’s consolidated statement of financial position. Management constantly monitors and assesses the credit risk resulting from its refining arrangements, concentrate sales and commodity contracts with its refiners, trading counterparties and customers. Furthermore, management carefully considers credit risk when allocating prospective sales and refining business to counterparties. In making allocation decisions, management attempts to avoid unacceptable concentration of credit risk to any single counterparty. At December 31, 2020, the Company had a provision recorded for expected credit losses in the amount of $4.7 million (2019 - $4.7 million) which relates to amounts owning from Republic Metals, one of the refineries of doré, for deliveries that occurred in 2018. Cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and other receivables that represent the maximum credit risk to the Company consist of the following: Cash and cash equivalents Trade accounts receivable (1) Supplier advances Royalty receivable (1) Employee loans (1) (1) Included in Trade and other receivables. $ December 31, 2020 167,113 $ 35,084 8,186 — 552 December 31, 2019 120,564 66,230 3,391 121 392 The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents, which also has credit risk, with the objective of maintaining safety of principal and providing adequate liquidity to meet all current payment obligations. ii) Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows. The Company has in place a rigorous planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support the Company’s normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis and its expansion plans. The Company strives to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from operations, its holdings of cash and short-term investments, and its committed loan facilities. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 114 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that give rise to commitments for future minimum payments. The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of the Company's financial and non-financial liabilities, shown in contractual undiscounted cash flow: Payments due by period 2020 Within 1 year 2 - 3 years 4- 5 years After 5 years Total Financial liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than: Severance accrual Employee compensation Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities Income taxes payable Loss on commodity contracts Debt Interest & Standby Fees Provisions(1)(2) Future employee compensation Total contractual obligations(2) $ $ 272,266 $ 2,935 6,737 281,938 54,556 367 2,110 3,648 4,396 347,015 $ — $ — $ 3,711 — 3,711 — — 2,294 3,109 11,468 20,582 $ 1,120 — 1,120 — — — 85 — 1,205 $ — $ 76 — 76 — — — 1 — 77 $ 272,266 7,842 6,737 286,845 54,556 367 4,404 6,843 15,864 368,879 Payments due by period 2019 Within 1 year 2 - 3 years 4- 5 years After 5 years Total Financial liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities other than: Severance accrual Employee compensation Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities Income taxes payable Debt Credit facility Interest & Standby Fees Provisions(1)(2) Future employee compensation Total contractual obligations(2) $ $ 221,488 $ 994 2,848 225,330 24,770 — 12,952 3,979 1,444 268,475 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,967 — 5,967 — — 27,040 633 8,711 42,351 $ 772 — 772 — 275,000 — 1,350 — 277,122 $ 109 — 109 — — — 967 — 1,076 $ 221,488 7,842 2,848 232,178 24,770 275,000 39,992 6,929 10,155 589,024 (1) Total litigation provision (Note 17). (2) Amounts above do not include payments related to the Company’s anticipated closure and decommissioning obligation (current $8.4 million, long-term $226.7 million) discussed in Note 17 (2019 - current $3.4 million, long-term $185.1 million), the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition ($20.8 million) (2019 - $20.8 million) discussed in Note 20, and deferred tax liabilities of $175.3 million (2019 - $176.8 million). The increase in the Company's exposure to liquidity risk during the year ended December 31, 2019 were due primarily to the draw on the credit facility to finance the Tahoe Acquisition (Note 8) and the obligations acquired. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 115 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) iii) Market Risk 1. Currency Risk The Company reports its financial statements in USD; however, the Company operates in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies. As a consequence, the financial results of the Company’s operations as reported in USD are subject to changes in the value of the USD relative to local currencies. Since the Company’s sales are denominated in USD and a portion of the Company’s operating costs and capital spending are in local currencies, the Company is negatively impacted by strengthening local currencies relative to the USD and positively impacted by the inverse. As at December 31, 2020, Pan American had outstanding positions on $51.0 million in foreign currency exposure of Mexican peso ("MXN") purchases, $45.6 million of Peruvian sol ("PEN") purchases. The MXN purchases had weighted averaged USD put and call exchange rates of 21.29 and 30.43, respectively, expiring between January 2021 and December 2021. The PEN positions had weighted average USD put and call exchange rates of 3.50 and 3.67, respectively, expiring between January 2021 and December 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded gains of $1.6 million (2019 - gains of $1.0 million), losses of $2.2 million (2019 - gains of $0.7 million), and losses of $0.6 million (2019 - gains of $0.3 million) on MXN, PEN, and CAD derivative contracts, respectively. The Company’s net earnings are affected by the revaluation of its monetary assets and monetary liabilities at each balance sheet date. The Company has reviewed its monetary assets and monetary liabilities and is exposed to foreign exchange risk through financial assets and liabilities and deferred income tax liabilities denominated in currencies other than USD, as shown in the table below. The Company estimates that a 10% change in the exchange rate of the foreign currencies in which its December 31, 2020 non-USD net monetary liabilities were denominated would result in an income before taxes change of about $9.2 million (2019 - $6.9 million). The Company is exposed to currency risk through the following financial assets and liabilities, and deferred income tax assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies: At December 31, 2020 Canadian Dollar Mexican Peso Argentine Peso Bolivian Boliviano European Euro Peruvian Sol Guatemala quetzal $ $ Cash and short-term investments Other current and non-current assets Income taxes receivable (payable), current and non- current Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and non- current liabilities Deferred tax assets and liabilities 117,956 $ 1,020 7,175 571 3 13,917 453 141,095 $ 4,952 $ 29,895 16,878 218 — 26,257 677 78,877 $ 3,537 $ 3,657 1,513 (2,443) — (38,507) — (32,243) $ (24,310) $ (45,050) (14,543) (19,402) — (54,672) (4,559) (162,536) $ 40,600 (72,552) — (7,700) — (77,810) 1 (117,461) PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 116 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Cash and short-term investments Other current and non-current assets Income taxes receivable (payable), current and non- current (1) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and non- current liabilities Deferred tax assets and liabilities $ At December 31, 2019 Canadian Dollar Mexican Peso Argentine Peso Bolivian Boliviano European Euro Peruvian Sol Guatemala quetzal 123,391 $ 5,222 3,652 3,447 3 2,406 353 $ 138,474 $ 3,897 $ 14,215 18,511 221 — 55,851 1,482 94,177 $ (769) $ 6,902 1,400 (3,135) — (12,147) — (7,749) $ (23,387) $ (64,589) (16,143) (8,749) — (39,884) (669) (153,421) $ 23,640 (73,938) — (9,925) — (80,138) — (140,361) (1) Recast comparative to provide consistency with current presentation. 2. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair values and future cash flows of the Company will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The average interest rate earned by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2020 on its cash and short-term investments was 0.9% (2019 - 0.6%). A 10% increase or decrease in the interest earned from financial institutions on cash and short-term investments would result in a $0.1 million increase or decrease in the Company’s before tax earnings (2019 – $0.1 million). At December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any amounts drawn (2019 - $275.0 million) on its secured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility"). The amounts drawn in 2020 had an average interest rate of 2.6% (2019 - 4.3%). In July and September 2020, the Company borrowed $2.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in loans under a Peruvian government COVID-19 pandemic program ("Loans"). During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repaid all Loans outstanding. These loans had previously incurred an average interest rate of 1.3%. At December 31, 2020, the Company has $33.6 million in lease obligations (2019 - $41.2 million), that are subject to an annualized interest rate of 9.3% (2019 - 9.7%). 3. Price Risk Metal price risk is the risk that changes in metal prices will affect the Company’s income or the value of its related financial instruments. The Company derives its revenue from the sale of silver, gold, lead, copper, and zinc. The Company’s sales are directly dependent on metal prices that have shown significant volatility and are beyond the Company’s control. Consistent with the Company’s mission to provide equity investors with exposure to changes in precious metal prices, the Company’s current policy is to not hedge the price of precious metal. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into diesel swap contracts designated to fix or limit the Company’s exposure to higher fuel prices (the “Diesel Fuel Swaps”). The Company did not enter into any Diesel Fuel Swaps in 2019. The Company recorded gains of $4.7 million on the Diesel Fuel Swaps in the year ended December 31, 2020. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 117 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) A 10% increase in all metal prices as at December 31, 2020, would result in an increase of approximately $138 million (2019 – $139.1 million) in the Company’s revenues. A 10% decrease in all metal prices as at the same period would result in a decrease of approximately $138.2 million (2019 - $140.1 million) in the Company’s revenues. The Company also enters into provisional concentrate contracts to sell the zinc, lead and copper concentrates. We have provisionally priced sales for which price finalization, referenced to the relevant zinc, lead, copper and silver index, is outstanding at the balance sheet date. A 10% increase in metals prices on open positions of zinc, lead, copper and silver for provisional concentrate contracts for the year ended December 31, 2020 would result in an increase of approximately $4.6 million (2019 - $6.4 million) in the Company’s before tax earnings, which would be reflected in 2020 results. A 10% decrease in metal prices for the same period would result in a decrease of approximately $4.6 million (2019 - $6.4 million) in the Company’s before tax earnings. The Company mitigates the price risk associated with its base metal production by committing some of its forecasted base metal production from time to time under forward sales and option contracts. The Board of Directors continually assesses the Company’s strategy towards its base metal exposure, depending on market conditions. At December 31, 2020, the Company had no outstanding contracts to sell base metals production. 10. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Fair Value Cost Accumulated unrealized holding gains Fair Value Cost Accumulated unrealized holding gains Short-term investments $ 111,946 $ 20,419 $ 91,527 $ 117,776 $ 36,826 $ 80,950 11. INVENTORIES Inventories consist of: Concentrate inventory Stockpile ore (1) Heap leach inventory and in process (2) Doré and finished inventory (3) Materials and supplies Total inventories Less: current portion of inventories Non-current portion of inventories (4) December 31, 2020 19,104 $ 30,063 219,334 77,489 84,556 430,546 $ (406,191) $ 24,355 $ December 31, 2019 17,433 27,708 169,751 67,820 88,004 370,716 (346,507) 24,209 $ $ $ $ (1) (2) (3) (4) Includes an impairment charge of $2.0 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Manantial Espejo mine (2019 – $5.0 million at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines). Includes an impairment charge of $26.2 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines (2019 - $39.3 million at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines). Includes an impairment charge of $2.9 million to reduce the cost basis of inventory to NRV at Dolores mine at December 31, 2020. (2019 - $2.9 million at Manantial Espejo and Dolores mines). Inventories at Escobal mine, which include $17.1 million (2019 - $16.9 million) in supplies with the remainder attributable to metals, have been classified as non-current pending the restart of operations. The costs of inventories recognized as expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 amounted to $978.6 million (2019 – $1.1 billion), of which $696.7 million (2019 – $841.3 million) and $254.5 million (2019 – $253.5 million) were included in production costs and depreciation and depletion in the Consolidated Income Statements, respectively. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 118 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) During the year ended December 31, 2020 a $16.2 million NRV recovery (2019 - $0.4 million NRV recovery) was recognized, primarily driven by increased expected precious metal prices, and included in production costs (Note 22). Inventories held at NRV amounted to $215.5 million (2019 - $151.5 million). A portion of the stockpile ore amounting to $2.7 million (2019 - $1.2 million) and a portion of the heap leach inventory amounting to $147.0 million (2019 - $74.5 million) are expected to be recovered or settled after more than twelve months. 12. MINERAL PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Acquisition costs of investment and non-producing properties together with costs directly related to mine development expenditures are capitalized. Exploration expenditures on investment and non-producing properties are charged to expense in the period they are incurred. Capitalization of evaluation expenditures commences when there is a high degree of confidence in the project’s viability and hence it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company. Evaluation expenditures, other than that acquired from the purchase of another mining company, are carried forward as an asset provided that such costs are expected to be recovered in full through successful development and exploration of the area of interest, or alternatively by its sale. Evaluation expenditures include delineation drilling, metallurgical evaluations, and geotechnical evaluations amongst others. Mineral properties, plant and equipment consist of: Mining Properties Depletable Non-depletable Reserves and Resources Reserves and Resources Exploration and Evaluation Plant and Equipment Total Carrying value As at January 1, 2020 Net of accumulated depreciation Additions Disposals Depreciation and amortization (1) Depreciation charge captured in inventory Transfers Closure and decommissioning – changes in estimate (Note 17) As at December 31, 2020 Cost as at December 31, 2020 Accumulated depreciation and impairments Carrying value – December 31, 2020 $ $ $ $ 950,752 $ 142,463 (235) (125,277) (29,618) 22,747 35,913 996,745 $ 331,549 $ 17,159 (38) (1,059) — (40,531) 450,926 $ 631 (14,315) — — (5,592) 771,674 $ 30,971 (382) (146,108) — 23,376 307,080 $ 431,650 $ 679,531 $ 2,504,901 191,224 (14,970) (272,444) (29,618) — 35,913 2,415,006 2,824,861 $ (1,828,116) 996,745 $ 321,639 $ (14,559) 307,080 $ 844,487 $ (412,837) 431,650 $ 1,461,678 $ (782,147) 679,531 $ 5,452,665 (3,037,659) 2,415,006 (1) Includes $18.0 million of depreciation and amortization included in mine care and maintenance for the year ended December 31, 2020. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 119 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Mining Properties Depletable Non-depletable Reserves and Resources Reserves and Resources Exploration and Evaluation Plant and Equipment Total $ $ $ $ 678,489 $ 152,033 314,604 (2,461) (113,067) (33,810) — (77,598) 32,562 950,752 $ 73,375 $ 42,487 274,817 (13) — — (33,245) (25,872) 249,231 $ 549 194,900 — — — (6,805) 13,051 — — 299,907 $ 68,664 455,080 (2,010) (140,386) — — 90,419 — 331,549 $ 450,926 $ 771,674 $ 1,301,002 263,733 1,239,401 (4,484) (253,453) (33,810) (40,050) — 32,562 2,504,901 2,429,815 $ (1,479,063) 950,752 $ 398,485 $ (66,936) 331,549 $ 876,859 $ (425,933) 450,926 $ 1,476,170 $ (704,496) 771,674 $ 5,181,329 (2,676,428) 2,504,901 Carrying value As at January 1, 2019 Net of accumulated depreciation Additions Tahoe acquisition (Note 8) Disposals Depreciation and amortization Depreciation charge captured in inventory Impairment charge Transfers Closure and decommissioning – changes in estimate (Note 17) As at December 31, 2019 Cost as at December 31, 2019 Accumulated depreciation and impairments Carrying value – December 31, 2019 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 120 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Cost 218,270 $ 267,705 546,643 170,401 71,725 308,378 1,709,105 513,626 144,790 307,243 28,653 4,286,539 $ (135,932) $ (175,844) (86,855) (66,313) (71,725) (164,443) (1,228,492) (485,036) (101,408) (75,902) (18,313) (2,610,263) $ Carrying Value Cost Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Carrying Value 82,338 $ 91,861 459,788 104,088 — 143,935 480,613 28,590 43,382 231,341 10,340 1,676,276 $ 215,109 $ 258,862 498,960 112,014 71,724 305,357 1,608,334 371,677 143,251 292,986 27,711 3,905,985 $ (126,301) $ (164,501) (39,668) (22,853) (71,724) (143,232) (1,091,862) (367,901) (95,360) (42,672) (17,485) (2,183,559) $ 88,808 94,361 459,292 89,161 — 162,125 516,472 3,776 47,891 250,314 10,226 1,722,426 6,758 $ (1,254) $ 566,577 259,198 71,099 6,079 117,000 80,239 21,589 5,054 — 32,533 1,166,126 $ (376,101) (1,072) — — — (36,975) — — — (11,994) (427,396) $ 5,504 $ 190,476 258,126 71,099 6,079 117,000 43,264 21,589 5,054 — 20,539 738,730 $ 5,528 $ (1,267) $ 566,577 249,353 87,747 15,586 117,000 83,079 15,544 7,213 95,851 31,866 1,275,344 $ (376,101) — — — — (36,975) — — (66,859) (11,667) (492,869) $ 4,261 190,476 249,353 87,747 15,586 117,000 46,104 15,544 7,213 28,992 20,199 782,475 5,452,665 $ (3,037,659) $ 2,415,006 $ 5,181,329 $ (2,676,428) $ 2,504,901 Huaron, Peru Morococha, Peru Shahuindo, Peru La Arena, Peru Alamo Dorado, Mexico La Colorada, Mexico Dolores, Mexico (1) Manantial Espejo, Argentina (2)(4) San Vicente, Bolivia Timmins, Canada Other Total Land and Non-Producing Properties: Land Navidad, Argentina (3) Escobal, Guatemala Timmins, Canada Shahuindo, Peru La Arena, Peru Minefinders, Mexico La Colorada, Mexico Morococha, Peru Projects, Argentina (4) Other Total non-producing properties Total mineral properties, plant and equipment $ $ $ $ $ (1) Includes previously recorded impairment charges of $748.9 million at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $748.9 million). (2) Includes previously recorded impairment charges of $173.3 million at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $173.3 million). (3) Includes previously recorded impairment charges of $376.1 million at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $376.1 million). (4) Comprised of the Joaquin and COSE projects which entered commercial production and were transferred to Manantial Espejo during the year ended December 31, 2020. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 121 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 13. IMPAIRMENT OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS Non-current assets are tested for impairment, or reversal of previous impairment charges, when events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, or previous impairment charges against assets are recoverable. The Company performs an impairment test for goodwill at each financial year end and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company considers its internal discounted cash flow economic models as a proxy for the calculation of FVLCTS, given a willing market participant would use such models in establishing a value for the properties. The Company considers impairment, or if previous impairment charges should be reversed, at the CGU level. The Company’s CGUs are its mine sites, represented by its principal producing mining properties and significant development projects. The CGU carrying amount for purposes of this test includes the carrying value of the mineral properties plant and equipment and goodwill less deferred tax liabilities and closure and decommissioning liabilities related to each CGU. The Company’s key assumptions for determining the recoverable amounts of its various CGUs, for the purpose of testing for impairment or impairment reversals, include the most current operating and capital costs information and risk adjusted project specific discount rates. The Company uses an average of analysts’ consensus prices for the first four years of its economic modeling, and long-term reserve prices for the remainder of each asset’s life. The prices used can be found in the key assumptions and sensitivity section below. Impairment and Reversals Based on the Company’s assessment with respect to possible indicators of either impairment or reversal of previous impairments to its mineral properties, including the impact of COVID-19 on our operations and the prevailing market metals prices, the Company concluded that as of December 31, 2020 no impairment or impairment reversal indicators were identified. As of December 31, 2019, there were indicators of impairment at Manantial Espejo which required the Company to record impairment charges of $40.1 million. 2019 Impairment - Manantial Espejo A recent increase in Argentina export taxes, announced in January 2020, combined with the delayed commencement of production from the COSE and Joaquin deposits, and the deteriorated Argentina economy led management to conclude that there was an indication of impairment to its Argentine operating assets, namely the Manantial Espejo mine, and the COSE and Joaquin projects. As at December 31, 2019, the Company determined that the combined CGU carrying amount of the Manantial Espejo mine and the Joaquin and COSE development projects, including mineral properties, plant and equipment, and stockpile inventories, net of associated closure and decommissioning liabilities of $63.6 million was higher than the combined estimated recoverable amount of $23.5 million when using a 9.75% risk adjusted discount rate. Based on this assessment, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to the Manantial Espejo mineral property, and the COSE and Joaquin projects, of $40.1 million ($40.1 million, net of tax). Key assumptions and sensitivity The metal prices used to calculate the recoverable amounts at December 31, 2019 are based on analyst consensus prices and the Company’s long term reserve prices, and are summarized in the following table. Metal prices used at December 31, 2019: Metal Prices Silver price - $/oz. Gold price - $/oz. 2020-2023 average $17.94 $1,474 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 122 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) In 2019, the discount rates used to present value the Company’s life of mine cash flows were derived from the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, which was calculated as 3.7%, with rates applied to the various mines and projects ranging from 4.0% to 12.3%, depending on the Company’s assessment of country risk, project risk, and other potential risks specific to each CGU. The key assumptions in determining the recoverable value of the Company’s mineral properties are individual metal prices, operating and capital costs, foreign exchange rates and discount rates. At December 31, 2019, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis on all key assumptions that assumed a 10% adverse change to each individual assumption while holding the other assumptions constant. At December 31, 2019, an adverse 10% movement in any of the major assumptions in isolation did not cause the recoverable amount to be below the CGU carrying value for any of Shahuindo, La Arena, Timmins, La Colorada, San Vicente, Huaron, or Morococha mines. For the Dolores mine, Manantial Espejo mine and Navidad project, which previously had their carrying values adjusted to FVLCTS through impairment charges, a 10% adverse change in any one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying amount. 14. INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES The following table shows a continuity of the Company's investment in Maverix and its investment in other associates: Balance of investment, December 31, 2019 Disposal of investment in associate Adjustment for change in ownership interest Dividends Dilution gains Income from associate Blance of investment, December 31, 2020 (1) Includes adjustment for change in ownership. Investment in Maverix: 2020 84,319 $ (23,467) 1,489 (1,310) 9,160 1,369 71,560 $ $ $ 2019 69,116 — (42) — 13,480 1,765 84,319 On June 5, 2020, the Company completed a Secondary Offering pursuant to an underwriting agreement dated May 29, 2020 between Maverix, the Company, and a syndicate of underwriters (the "Secondary Offering"). As part of the Secondary Offering, the Company sold 10,350,000 common shares of Maverix at a price of $4.40 per common share for aggregate gross proceeds of $45.5 million and paid underwriting fees equal to 4% of the gross proceeds equal to $1.9 million. Concurrent with the Secondary Offering, the Company acquired ownership or control of an additional 8,250,000 common shares of Maverix through the exercise of its remaining 8,250,000 common share purchase warrants in Maverix (the "Warrants"). 5,000,000 Warrants had an exercise price of $1.56 and 3,250,000 Warrants had an exercise price of $2.408. Maverix received gross proceeds of approximately $15.6 million. As a result, the Company de-recognized the remaining warrant liability representing in substance ownership of Maverix. This warrant liability was $15.0 million as at December 31, 2019. The Company's share of Maverix income or loss was recorded, based on its 26% interest from January 1, 2020 to June 5, 2020, 18% from June 6, 2020 to October 29, 2020, and 17% from October 30, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (26% for the year ended December 31, 2019), representing the Company’s equity interest. Deferred Revenue: Deferred revenue relates to precious metal streams whereby the Company will sell 100% of the future gold production from La Colorada and 5% of the future gold production from La Bolsa, which is in the exploration stage, to Maverix for $650 and $450 per ounce, respectively (the "Streams"). PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 123 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The deferred revenue related to the Streams will be recognized as revenue by Pan American as the gold ounces are delivered to Maverix. As at December 31, 2020, the deferred revenue liability was $13.3 million (December 31, 2019 - $12.5 million). Income Statement Impacts: The Company recorded a gain of $23.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the disposition of shares pursuant to the Secondary Offering. The Company recognized $9.2 million in dilution gains during the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - $13.5 million). Dilution gains are recorded in share of income from associate and dilution gain. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company also recognized $1.4 million share of income from associate (2019 - $1.8 million), which represents the Company's proportionate share of Maverix's earnings during the periods. 15. GOODWILL AND OTHER ASSETS Goodwill and other assets consist of: Goodwill Other assets 16. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of: Trade accounts payable(1) Royalties payable Other accounts payable and trade related accruals Payroll and related benefits Severance accruals Refundable tax payable Other taxes payable December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 $ $ 2,775 $ 1,396 4,171 $ 3,057 1,930 4,987 December 31, 2020 80,280 $ 18,166 94,600 53,780 2,935 11,208 20,969 281,938 $ December 31, 2019 66,924 16,108 59,295 47,221 994 9,844 24,944 225,330 $ $ (1) No interest is charged on the trade accounts payable ranging from 30 to 60 days from the invoice date. The Company has policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the credit terms. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 124 17. PROVISIONS December 31, 2018 Revisions in estimates and obligations incurred Acquired from Tahoe (Note 8) Charged (credited) to earnings: -new provisions -change in estimate -exchange gains on provisions Charged in the year Reclamation expenditures Accretion expense (Note 24) December 31, 2019 Revisions in estimates and obligations incurred Charged (credited) to earnings: -new provisions -change in estimate -exchange gains on provisions Charged in the year Reclamation expenditures Accretion expense (Note 24) December 31, 2020 Maturity analysis of total provisions: Current Non-Current Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Closure and Decommissioning $ 70,587 $ 32,909 77,320 — — — — (2,264) 9,903 188,455 $ 40,857 — — — — (2,462) 8,260 235,110 $ $ $ Litigation 4,568 $ — 732 2,551 (252) (265) (405) — — 6,929 $ — 2,402 (1,754) (569) (165) — — 6,843 $ Total 75,155 32,909 78,052 2,551 (252) (265) (405) (2,264) 9,903 195,384 40,857 2,402 (1,754) (569) (165) (2,462) 8,260 241,953 December 31, 2020 12,066 $ 229,887 241,953 $ December 31, 2019 7,372 188,012 195,384 $ $ Closure and Decommissioning Cost Provision The total inflated and undiscounted amount of estimated cash flows required to settle the Company’s estimated future closure and decommissioning costs is $330.6 million (2019 - $290.4 million), which has been inflated using inflation rates of between 0% and 4% (2019 – between 0% and 5%). The total provision for closure and decommissioning cost is calculated using discount rates of between 0% and 8% (2019 - between 2% and 9%). Revisions made to the reclamation obligations in 2020 were primarily a result of increased site disturbance at the mines as well as revisions to the estimate based on periodic reviews of closure plans, actual expenditures incurred and concurrent closure activities completed. These obligations will be funded from operating cash flows, reclamation deposits and cash on hand. The accretion expense charged to 2020 earnings as finance expense was $8.3 million (2019 - $9.9 million). Reclamation expenditures paid during the current year were $2.5 million (2019 - $2.3 million). Litigation Provision The litigation provision, as at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consists primarily of amounts accrued for labour claims at several of the Company’s mine operations. The balance of $6.8 million at December 31, 2020 (2019 - $6.9 million) represents the Company’s best estimate for all known and anticipated future obligations related to the above claims. The amount and timing of any expected payments are uncertain as their determination is outside the control of the Company. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 125 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 18. LEASES a. ROU Assets The following table summarizes changes in ROU Assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, which include land, buildings, vehicles, and machinery and equipment which have been recorded in mineral properties, plant and equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position: Cost Balance, January 1, 2020 Additions Transfer out Balance, December 31, 2020 Accumulated Depreciation Balance, January 1, 2020 Amortization Transfer out Balance, December 31, 2020 Carrying Amounts At January 1, 2020 At December 31, 2020 December 31, 2020 Cost $ $ 60,779 Balance, January 1, 2019 5,534 Additions (1) (10,458) Transfer out 55,855 Balance, December 31, 2019 Accumulated Depreciation (17,418) Balance, January 1, 2019 (14,244) Amortization (2) 9,350 Transfer out (22,312) Balance, December 31, 2019 Carrying Amounts 43,361 At January 1, 2019 33,543 At December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 $ $ 34,983 42,415 (16,619) 60,779 (4,780) (20,103) 7,465 (17,418) 30,203 43,361 (1) (2) Includes $8.5 million in assets acquired from Tahoe Acquisition (Note 8). Includes an impairment charge of $2.4 million (Note 13) related to the Manantial Espejo mineral property, and the COSE and Joaquin projects. b. Lease obligations The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company's undiscounted cash flows at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 to their present value for the Company's lease obligations: Within one year Between one and five years Beyond five years Total undiscounted lease obligations Less future interest charges Total discounted lease obligations Less: current portion of lease obligations Non-current portion of lease obligations 19. DEBT Credit Facility December 31, 2020 13,505 $ 17,902 19,255 50,662 (17,097) 33,565 $ (12,829) 20,736 $ December 31, 2019 16,221 23,099 21,675 60,995 (19,787) 41,208 (14,198) 27,010 $ $ $ December 31, 2020 $ — $ December 31, 2019 275,000 The Company's four-year, $300.0 million secured revolving credit facility, which was due to mature on April 15, 2020, was increased to $400.0 million on February 1, 2019, and increased to $500.0 million on February 22, 2019, with maturity on February 1, 2023, and resulted in additional upfront costs of $2.0 million. These amendments were made as part of the Tahoe Acquisition. The upfront costs have been recorded as an asset under the classification "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" and are being amortized over the life of the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility can be drawn down at any PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 126 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) time to finance the Company’s working capital requirements, acquisitions, investments and for general corporate purposes. The financial covenants required the Company to maintain a tangible net worth (exclusive of any prospective write-downs of certain assets) of greater than $1,036.4 million plus 50% of the positive net income from and including the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2016. As part of the amendment, after March 31, 2019, the financial covenants require the Company to maintain a minimum tangible net worth (exclusive of any prospective write- downs of certain assets) of greater than 70% of its tangible net worth as of March 31, 2019 plus 50% of positive net income from and including the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019. In addition, the financial covenants continue to include the requirement for the Company to maintain: (i) a leverage ratio less than or equal to 3.5:1; and (ii) an interest coverage ratio more than or equal to 3.0:1. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants required by the Credit Facility. At Pan American's option, amounts can be drawn under the revolving facility and will incur interest based on the Company's leverage ratio at either (i) LIBOR plus 1.875% to 2.750% or; (ii) The Bank of Nova Scotia's Base Rate on U.S. dollar denominated commercial loans plus 0.875% to 1.750%. Undrawn amounts under the revolving facility are subject to a stand-by fee of 0.4219% to 0.6188% per annum, dependent on the Company's leverage ratio. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company drew down $80 million, as a precautionary measure to increase liquidity considering the uncertain impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and repaid $355 million of the Credit Facility under LIBOR-based interest rates (2019 - The Company drew down $335 million, to fund, in part, the cash purchase price for the Tahoe Acquisition and to repay, in full, and cancel Tahoe's $125 million second amended and restated revolving facility. The Company repaid a further $60 million from the Credit Facility). During the year ended December 31, 2020, the average interest rate incurred by the Company on the Credit Facility was 2.6% (2019 - 4.3%). During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $2.2 million (2019 - $0.9 million) in standby charges on undrawn amounts and $5.0 million (2019 - $11.6 million) in interest on drawn amounts under this Facility. In July and September 2020, the Company borrowed $2.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in Loans under a Peruvian government COVID-19 pandemic program. These loans incur an average interest rate of 1.3% which is deferred and payable after July and September 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the Company had $0.0 million of these Loans outstanding. 20. OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES Other long term liabilities consist of: Deferred credit(1) Other income tax payable Severance accruals December 31, 2020 20,788 $ 54 6,231 December 31, 2019 20,788 118 6,848 27,073 $ 27,754 $ $ (1) As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed the holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Common Shares or a Silver Stream contract related to certain production from the Navidad project. Regarding the replacement convertible debenture, it was concluded that the deferred credit presentation was the most appropriate and best representation of the economics underlying the contract as of the date the Company assumed the obligation as part of the Aquiline acquisition. Subsequent to the acquisition, the counterparty to the replacement debenture selected the Silver Stream alternative. The final contract for the alternative is being discussed and pending the final resolution of this discussion, the Company continues to classify the fair value calculated at the acquisition of this alternative as a deferred credit. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 127 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 21. SHARE CAPITAL AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION a. Stock options and Common Shares issued as compensation ("Compensation Shares") For the year ended December 31, 2020, the total share-based compensation expense relating to stock options and Compensation Shares was $3.0 million (2019 - $4.4 million) and is presented as a component of general and administrative expense. i. Stock options During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company granted 7,605 (2019 – 22,788 stock options) stock options. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 329,379 common shares in connection with the exercise of 329,711 options (2019 – 244,299 common shares and options) in connection with the exercise of stock options. ii. Compensation shares During the year ended December 31, 2020, 9,883 common shares were issued to Directors in lieu of Directors fees of $0.2 million (2019 - 22,335 shares in lieu of fees of $0.2 million). The following table summarizes changes in stock options for the years ended December 31: As at December 31, 2018 Granted Granted pursuant to the Tahoe Acquisition (Note 8) Exercised Expired Forfeited As at December 31, 2019 Granted Exercised Expired Forfeited As at December 31, 2020 Stock Options Weighted Average Exercise Price CAD$ 15.00 26.54 48.47 15.10 58.45 34.00 33.84 39.48 19.23 53.41 43.08 18.78 Shares 698,387 $ 22,788 $ 835,874 $ (244,299) $ (141,604) $ (27,798) $ 1,143,348 $ 7,605 (329,711) $ (482,438) (21,387) $ 317,417 $ The following table summarizes information about the Company's stock options outstanding at December 31, 2020: Range of Exercise Prices CAD$ $9.76 - $23.61 $23.62 - $35.21 $35.22 - $46.53 $46.54 - $65.71 Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Number Outstanding as at December 31, 2020 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (months) Weighted Average Exercise Price CAD$ Number Outstanding as at December 31, 2020 Weighted Average Exercise Price CAD$ 269,727 22,788 22,019 2,883 317,417 41.49 $ 71.16 $ 37.60 $ 10.09 $ 43.07 $ 15.75 26.54 41.68 65.71 18.78 269,727 $ 11,396 $ 14,414 $ 2,883 $ 298,420 $ 15.75 26.54 42.85 65.71 17.95 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 128 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model in determining the fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31: Expected life Expected volatility Expected dividend yield Risk-free interest rate Weighted average exercise price (CAD$) Weighted average fair value (CAD$) b. PSUs 2020 2019 4.0 37.9 % 1.1 % 0.8 % $ $ 39.45 15.80 $ $ 4.0 37.1 % 1.0 % 2.0 % 26.54 8.34 PSUs are notional share units that mirror the market value of the Company’s Common Shares. Each vested PSU entitles the participant to a cash payment equal to the value of an underlying share, less applicable taxes, at the end of the term, plus the cash equivalent of any dividends distributed by the Company during the three-year performance period. PSU grants will vest on the date that is three years from the date of grant subject to certain exceptions. Performance results at the end of the performance period relative to predetermined performance criteria and the application of the corresponding performance multiplier determine how many PSUs vest for each participant. The Board of Directors approved the issuance of 62,920 PSUs for 2020 with a share price of CAD $39.51 (2019 - 75,311 PSUs approved at a share price of CAD $24.88). Compensation expense for PSUs was $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - $2.2 million) and is presented as a component of general and administrative expense. At December 31, 2020, the following PSUs were outstanding: PSU As at December 31, 2018 Granted Paid out Change in value As at December 31, 2019 Granted Paid out Forfeited Change in value As at December 31, 2020 c. RSUs Number Outstanding Fair Value 210,409 $ 75,311 (38,119) — 247,601 $ 62,920 (54,962) — — 255,559 $ 3,091 1,784 (903) 1,924 5,896 1,942 (2,626) — 3,658 8,870 Under the Company’s RSU plan, selected employees are granted RSUs where each RSU has a value equivalent to one Pan American common share. At the time of settlement, the Board of Directors has the discretion to settle the RSUs with cash or Common Shares. The RSUs vest in three installments, the first 33.3% vest on the first anniversary date of the grant, the second 33.3% vest on the second anniversary date of the grant, and a further 33.3% vest on the third anniversary date of the grant. Additionally, RSU value is adjusted to reflect dividends paid on Common Shares over the vesting period. Compensation expense for RSUs was $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 – $2.5 million) and is presented as a component of general and administrative expense. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 129 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) At December 31, 2020, the following RSUs were outstanding: RSU As at December 31, 2018 Granted Paid out Forfeited Change in value As at December 31, 2019 Granted Paid out Forfeited Change in value As at December 31, 2020 d. Issued share capital Number Outstanding Fair Value 328,823 $ 146,594 (157,584) (18,617) — 299,216 $ 261,224 (148,049) (15,819) — 396,572 $ 3,624 3,891 (3,140) (441) 3,173 7,107 6,302 (4,762) (545) 5,628 13,730 The Company is authorized to issue 400,000,000 Common Shares without par value. e. Dividends The Company declared the following dividends for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: Declaration Date February 17, 2021 (1) November 4, 2020 August 5, 2020 May 6, 2020 February 19, 2020 November 6, 2019 August 7, 2019 May 8, 2019 February 20, 2019 Record date March 1, 2021 November 16, 2020 August 17, 2020 May 19, 2020 March 2, 2020 November 18, 2019 August 19, 2019 May 21, 2019 March 4, 2019 Dividend per common share 0.0700 $ 0.0700 $ 0.0500 $ 0.0500 $ 0.0500 $ 0.0350 $ 0.0350 $ 0.0350 $ 0.0350 $ (1) These dividends were declared subsequent to the year end and have not been recognized as distributions to owners during the period presented. f. CVRs On February 22, 2019, the Company issued 313,887,490 CVRs as part of the Tahoe Acquisition (Note 8), which were convertible into 15,600,208 common shares following the First Shipment upon the restart of operations at the Escobal mine. As of December 31, 2020, there were 313,883,990 CVRs outstanding which were convertible into 15,600,034 common shares (December 31, 2019 - 313,887,490 CVRs convertible into 15,600,208 common shares). PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 130 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 22. PRODUCTION COSTS Production costs are comprised of the following: Consumption of raw materials and consumables Employee compensation and benefits expense (1) Contractors and outside services Utilities Other expenses Changes in inventories (2)(3) (1) Employee compensation and benefits expense is comprised of: Wages, salaries and bonuses Share-based compensation Total employee compensation and benefit expenses Less: Expensed within Care and Maintenance expenses Less: Expensed within General and Administrative expenses Less: Expensed within Exploration expenses Employee compensation and benefits expenses included in production costs 2020 284,215 $ 262,753 125,242 39,242 18,198 (32,978) 696,672 $ 2020 317,668 $ 3,024 320,692 (37,695) (17,180) (3,064) 262,753 $ 2019 311,812 271,684 117,018 41,674 74,469 24,640 841,297 2019 288,015 4,448 292,463 — (16,156) (4,623) 271,684 $ $ $ $ (2) (3) Includes NRV adjustments to inventory to reduce production costs by $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - reduce by $0.4 million). Includes the sale of inventory with fair value increases of $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2019 - $43.4 million) resulting from the Tahoe Acquisition (Note 8). 23. MINE CARE AND MAINTENANCE Mine care and maintenance expenses (1) Mine care and maintenance depreciation (2) (1) (2) Includes $58.3 million as a result of the suspension of mines due to COVID 19. Includes $16.8 million as a result of the suspension of mines due to COVID 19. 24. INTEREST AND FINANCE EXPENSE Interest expense Finance fees Accretion expense (Note 17) 2020 84,130 $ 17,975 102,105 $ 2019 23,662 — 23,662 2020 9,216 $ 2,628 8,260 20,104 $ 2019 16,879 2,500 9,903 29,282 $ $ $ $ PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 131 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 25. EARNINGS PER SHARE (BASIC AND DILUTED) For the year ended December 31 2020 2019 Earnings (Numerator) Shares (000’s) (Denominator) Per-Share Amount Earnings (Numerator) Shares (000’s) (Denominator) Per-Share Amount Net earnings (1) Basic earnings per share Effect of Dilutive Securities: Stock Options Diluted earnings per share $ $ $ 177,882 177,882 — 177,882 210,085 $ 210 210,295 $ (1) Net earnings attributable to equity holders of the Company. $ 0.85 $ 110,738 110,738 201,397 $ 0.55 — 0.85 $ 110,738 174 201,571 $ 0.55 Potentially dilutive securities excluded in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended December 31, 2020 were 24,902 out-of-the-money options (2019 – 711,662). 26. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION The following tables summarize other adjustments for non-cash income statement items, changes in operating working capital items and significant non-cash items: Other operating activities Adjustments for non-cash income statement items: Share-based compensation expense Gains on securities held Gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts (Note 9d) (Gain) loss on derivatives (Note 9d) Share of income from associate and dilution gain (Note 14) Net realizable value adjustment for inventories Project development write-down Changes in non-cash operating working capital items: Trade and other receivables Inventories Prepaid expenses Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Provisions Significant non-cash items: Share-based compensation issued to employees and directors Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash in banks 27. SEGMENTED INFORMATION 2020 2019 $ 3,024 $ (58,673) (3,543) (38) (10,529) (16,175) — (85,934) $ 2020 54,838 $ (14,623) 2,353 56,816 (2,402) 96,982 $ 4,448 (83,705) (3,315) 14 (15,245) (356) 1,882 (96,277) 2019 1,545 22,753 (4,093) (43,527) (4,622) (27,944) 2020 2,826 $ 2019 2,693 December 31, 2020 167,113 $ December 31, 2019 120,564 $ $ $ $ $ Operating segments are determined by the way information is reported and used by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to review operating performance. The Company has determined that each producing mine and significant development property represents a reportable segment. The Company has organized its reportable segments by significant revenue streams and geographic regions. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 132 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Significant information relating to the Company’s reportable segments is summarized in the table below: For the year ended December 31, 2020 Mine Revenue Production costs and royalties Depreciation Mine operating earnings Mine care and maintenance Capital expenditures(1) $ Dolores La Colorada Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Escobal Segment/ Country Silver Segment: Mexico Peru Bolivia Argentina Guatemala Total Silver Segment Gold Segment: Peru Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Canada Total Gold Segment Other segment: Canada Argentina Other Total Pas Corp Navidad Other $ Dolores La Colorada Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Escobal Segment/ Country Silver Segment: Mexico Peru Bolivia Argentina Guatemala Total Silver Segment Gold Segment: Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Canada Total Gold Segment Other segment: Canada Argentina Other Total Pas Corp Navidad Other 250,219 $ 128,824 72,073 47,046 48,396 84,051 630,609 270,043 176,028 262,132 708,203 — 146,961 $ 69,663 39,612 35,768 35,753 68,381 — 396,138 97,940 72,676 157,412 328,028 — — — 87,694 $ 19,608 7,069 7,203 6,725 9,787 138,086 40,562 27,683 46,605 114,850 15,564 $ 39,553 25,392 4,075 5,918 5,883 — 96,385 131,541 75,669 58,115 265,325 491 — 1,042 254,469 $ (491) — (1,042) 360,177 $ 10,175 $ 7,973 20,840 20,023 2,890 5,617 21,001 88,519 3,855 3,712 — 7,567 — 6,019 — 102,105 $ 44,861 29,388 4,500 10,168 4,877 10,789 4,807 109,390 23,335 37,324 20,751 81,410 297 — 560 191,657 248,744 $ 177,698 117,118 101,549 76,968 63,289 — 785,366 189,372 174,803 201,218 565,393 — — — 191,320 $ 75,139 76,962 73,396 57,805 63,432 — 538,054 90,877 99,915 139,172 329,964 — — — 104,701 $ 23,175 13,638 15,482 9,449 5,854 — 172,299 28,649 14,873 36,302 79,824 488 — 842 (47,277) $ 79,384 26,518 12,671 9,714 (5,997) — 75,013 69,846 60,015 25,744 155,605 (488) — (842) 229,288 $ — $ — — — — — 17,738 17,738 — — — — — 5,924 — 23,662 $ 50,657 20,275 10,936 15,556 4,960 26,512 1,107 130,003 33,280 47,557 13,747 94,584 396 9 85 225,077 $ 1,338,812 $ 724,166 $ (1) Includes payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment and payment of equipment leases. For the year ended December 31, 2019 Mine Revenue Production costs and royalties Depreciation Mine operating earnings Mine care and maintenance Capital expenditures(1) $ 1,350,759 $ 868,018 $ 253,453 $ (1) Includes payments for mineral properties, plant and equipment and amounts have been recast, and presented, for the year ended ended December 31, 2020 to include payment of equipment leases. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 133 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) A reconciliation of segment mine operating earnings to the Company’s earnings before income taxes per the Consolidated Income Statements is as follows: Mine operating earnings General and administrative Exploration and project development Mine care and maintenance Foreign exchange losses Impairments Gains on commodity and foreign currency contracts Gains on sale of mineral properties, plant and equipment Share of income from associate and dilution gain Transaction and integration costs Other expense Earnings from operations Gain (loss) on derivatives Investment income Interest and finance expense Earnings before income taxes At December 31, 2020 Segment/Country Silver Segment: Mexico Peru Bolivia Argentina Guatemala Total Silver Segment Gold Segment: Peru Canada Total Gold Segment Other segment: Canada Argentina Total Mine Dolores La Colorada Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Escobal Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Pas Corp Navidad Other 2020 360,177 $ 2019 229,288 $ (36,375) (7,096) (102,105) (5,474) — 3,543 7,922 10,529 — (22,067) 209,054 38 63,024 (20,104) 252,012 $ $ (31,752) (11,684) (23,662) (5,003) (40,050) 3,315 3,858 15,245 (7,515) (4,936) 127,104 (14) 84,704 (29,282) 182,512 Assets Liabilities Net assets $ 752,873 $ 231,217 113,177 121,004 83,668 75,113 288,588 1,665,640 566,734 299,372 414,396 1,280,502 169,444 $ 48,971 40,663 34,906 40,536 26,950 24,427 385,897 201,427 112,475 60,482 374,384 583,429 182,246 72,514 86,098 43,132 48,163 264,161 1,279,743 365,307 186,897 353,914 906,118 230,872 192,999 63,862 3,433,875 $ $ 18,795 — 48,960 828,036 $ 212,077 192,999 14,902 2,605,839 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 134 Mine Dolores La Colorada Huaron Morococha San Vicente Manantial Espejo Escobal Shahuindo La Arena Timmins Pas Corp Navidad Other At December 31, 2019 Segment/Country Silver Segment: Mexico Peru Bolivia Argentina Guatemala Total Silver Segment Gold Segment: Peru Canada Total Gold Segment Other segment: Canada Argentina Product Revenue Refined silver and gold Zinc concentrate Lead concentrate Copper concentrate Silver concentrate Total Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Assets Liabilities Net assets $ 763,301 $ 223,416 110,642 128,280 76,418 77,635 293,178 1,672,870 600,096 282,978 429,060 1,312,134 137,396 $ 46,476 39,962 36,754 35,331 27,455 19,340 342,714 162,821 90,472 50,171 303,464 625,905 176,940 70,680 91,526 41,087 50,180 273,838 1,330,156 437,275 192,506 378,889 1,008,670 229,814 193,034 53,830 3,461,682 $ $ 304,184 — 43,474 993,836 $ (74,370) 193,034 10,356 2,467,846 2020 1,047,601 $ 65,033 132,823 50,081 43,274 1,338,812 $ 2019 894,202 134,992 183,343 78,865 59,357 1,350,759 $ $ The Company has 26 customers that account for 100% of the concentrate and silver and gold sales revenue. The Company has 7 customers that accounted for 19%, 17%, 12%, 11%, 7%, 7%, and 5% of total sales in 2020, and 7 customers that accounted for 15%, 15%, 13%, 13%, 9%, 8%, and 8% of total sales in 2019. The loss of certain of these customers or curtailment of purchases by such customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial performance, financial position, and cash flows. 28. OTHER EXPENSES Change in closure and decommissioning estimates Change in provisions Commissions on investment dispositions Other expense Total 2020 5,230 $ 7,493 3,465 5,879 22,067 $ $ $ 2019 221 — — 4,715 4,936 PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 135 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 29. INCOME TAXES Components of Income Tax Expense Current tax expense (recovery) Recognized in profit or loss in current year Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years Deferred tax expense (recovery) Deferred tax recovery recognized in the current year Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years Benefit from previously unrecognized losses, and other temporary differences Decrease in deferred tax liabilities due to tax impact of NRV charge to inventory Income tax expense 2020 2019 $ $ 99,013 $ (658) 98,355 14,667 433 (42,379) 4,481 (22,798) 75,557 $ 95,219 (3,090) 92,129 (13,079) (5,003) — (2,779) (20,861) 71,268 Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and provincial income tax rates to earnings before income taxes. These differences result from the items shown on the following table, which results in an effective tax rate that varies considerably from the comparable period. The main factors that affected the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the comparable period of 2019 were foreign exchange fluctuations, changes in non-recognition of certain deferred tax assets (most notably the realization of deferred tax benefits associated with the La Arena, Timmins West, and Bell Creek mines in Q4 2020), mining taxes paid, and withholding taxes on payments from foreign subsidiaries. The Company expects that these and other factors will continue to cause volatility in effective tax rates in the future. Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate Earnings before taxes and non-controlling interest Statutory Canadian income tax rate Income tax expense based on above rates Increase (decrease) due to: Non-deductible expenditures Foreign tax rate differences Change in net deferred tax assets not recognized: - Argentina exploration expenditures - Other deferred tax assets Effect of other taxes paid (mining and withholding) Effect of foreign exchange on tax expense Non-taxable impact of foreign exchange Change in non-deductible portion of reclamation liabilities Change in current tax expense estimated for prior years Other Income tax expense Effective income tax rate 2020 2019 $ $ 252,012 $ 182,512 27.00 % 68,043 $ 27.00 % 49,278 9,915 16,179 (3,485) (61,280) 22,545 18,598 (3,000) 8,605 — (563) 75,557 29.98 % $ 7,271 2,507 3,117 (11,211) 21,307 (7,651) 4,158 8,207 (6,694) 979 71,268 39.05 % $ PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 136 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Deferred tax assets and liabilities The following is the analysis of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) presented in the consolidated financial statements: Net deferred tax liability, beginning of year Initial deferred tax liability associated with the Tahoe Acquisition Recognized in net earnings in the year Reduction due to Mexican de-consolidation payments applied to current tax Other Net deferred liability, end of year Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities 2020 (140,361) $ $ — 22,798 — 102 (117,461) 57,850 (175,311) (117,461) $ $ 2019 (136,575) (24,080) 20,861 (705) 138 (140,361) 36,447 (176,808) (140,361) The deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the various temporary differences, as detailed below: Deferred tax assets (liabilities) arising from: Closure and decommissioning costs Tax losses, resource pools and mining tax credits Deductible Mexican mining taxes Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Trade and other receivables Provision for doubtful debts and inventory adjustments Short-term investments Mineral properties, plant, and equipment Estimated sales provisions Other temporary differences and provisions Net deferred tax liability 2020 2019(1) $ $ 26,482 $ 140,608 3,286 17,737 13,290 (21,354) (15,649) (274,483) (14,028) 6,650 (117,461) $ 16,002 122,187 2,701 17,974 17,194 (7,145) (15,295) (278,707) (23,026) 7,754 (140,361) (1) Recast comparative deferred tax assets and liabilities to provide consistency with current presentation. At December 31, 2020, the net deferred tax liability above included the deferred tax benefit of $140.6 million, which includes the benefits from tax losses ($43.8 million) and resource pools ($96.8 million). The increase in this deferred tax asset is mainly due to the Timmins and Bell Creek mine asset additions which were related to previously unbenefitted deductible resource pools, partially offset by losses utilized against taxable income earned. The losses will begin to expire after the 2024 year end, if unused. At December 31, 2019, the net deferred tax liability above included the deferred tax benefit of $122.2 million, which includes the benefits from tax losses ($59.6 million) and resource pools ($62.6 million). The significant increase in these deferred tax assets from the prior year was primarily related to the Tahoe acquisition. The losses will begin to expire after the 2024 year end, if unused. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 137 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Unrecognized deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits Deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized are attributable to the following: Tax loss (revenue in nature) Net tax loss (capital in nature) Resource pools and other tax credits Financing fees Mineral properties, plant, and equipment Closure and decommissioning costs Exploration and other expenses not currently deductible Intercompany debt Doubtful debt and inventory Payroll and vacation accruals Other temporary differences 2020 284,626 $ 32,378 48,773 2,003 58,644 136,728 33,587 12,160 41,378 1,491 3,562 655,330 $ $ $ 2019 (1) 202,181 34,646 260,413 2,849 118,380 141,018 53,595 11,339 23,895 1,055 3,399 852,770 (1) Recast comparative temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits to provide consistency with current presentation. Included in the above amounts are operating losses, which if not utilized will expire as follows: At December 31, 2020 Canada US Peru Mexico Barbados Argentina 2021 2022 2023 – and after Total tax losses $ $ — $ — 269,001 269,001 $ 317 $ 529 11,746 12,592 $ 26 $ — 314 340 $ — $ — 2,406 2,406 $ 8 $ 12 183 203 $ 1 $ 3 80 84 At December 31, 2019 Canada US Peru Mexico Barbados Argentina $ 2020 2021 2022 – and after (1) Total tax losses (1) (1) Recast comparative operating losses to provide consistency with current presentation. — $ — 178,339 178,339 $ 2,110 $ 28 1,778 3,916 $ 318 13,185 13,582 $ — $ — 2,792 2,792 $ 79 $ $ 7 $ 7 106 120 $ 1 $ 2 3,429 3,432 $ Total 352 544 283,730 284,626 Total 2,197 355 199,629 202,181 Taxable temporary differences associated with investment in subsidiaries At December 31, 2020, taxable temporary differences of $275.7 million (2019 – $376.5 million) associated with the investments in subsidiaries have not been recognized as the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of these differences which are not expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 138 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) 30. CONTINGENCIES The following is a summary of the contingent matters and obligations relating to the Company as at December 31, 2020. General The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal and tax proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved unfavorably to the Company. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company. In the opinion of management none of these matters are expected to have a material effect on the results of operations or financial conditions of the Company. Environment The Company’s mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. The Company conducts its operations so as to protect the public health and environment and believes its operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of such future expenditures. Estimated future reclamation costs are based on the extent of work required and the associated costs are dependent on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies. As of December 31, 2020, $235.1 million (2019 - $188.5 million) was accrued for reclamation costs relating to mineral properties. See also Note 17. Tax The Company operates in numerous countries around the world and accordingly it is subject to, and pays annual income taxes under the various income tax regimes in the countries in which it operates. Some of these tax regimes are defined by contractual agreements with the local government, and others are defined by the general corporate income tax laws of the country. The Company has historically filed, and continues to file, all required income tax returns and to pay the taxes reasonably determined to be due. The tax rules and regulations in many countries are highly complex and subject to interpretation. From time to time, the Company is subject to a review of its historic income tax filings and in connection with such reviews, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the interpretation or application of certain rules to the Company’s business conducted within the country involved. Title The validity of our mining or exploration titles or claims or rights, which constitute most of our property holdings, can be uncertain and may be contested. Although the Company has taken steps to verify title to properties in which it has an interest, these procedures do not guarantee the Company’s title. Property title may be subject to, among other things, unregistered prior agreements or transfers, indigenous land claims, or undetected title defects. In some cases, we do not own or hold rights to the mineral concessions we mine, and our rights may be contractual in nature. We have not conducted surveys of all the claims in which we hold direct or indirect interests and therefore, the precise area and location of such claims may be in doubt. The land title system is also not well developed in some countries and may rely on informal, hereditary or possessory rights. Such informal systems can create significant uncertainty in obtaining and maintaining ownership or rights of access, in defining precise locations or clear boundaries to properties, and substantiating rights if challenged. No assurance can be given that applicable governments will not revoke or significantly alter the conditions of the applicable exploration and mining titles or claims, or that such exploration and mining titles or claims will not be challenged or impugned by third parties. Any defects in title to our properties, or the revocation of or challenges to our rights to mine, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 139 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Legal Proceedings We are subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. Many of these claims are from current or ex-employees, or employees of former or current owners of our operations, such as the Quiruvilca-related claims in Peru, which could, in the aggregate, be of significant value, and include alleged improper dismissals, workplace illnesses, such as silicosis, and claims for additional profit-sharing and bonuses in prior years. We may become subject to class action lawsuits. For example, in mid-2017, Tahoe, which was acquired by us in late February 2019, and certain of its former directors and officers became the subject of three purported class action lawsuits filed in the United States that center primarily around alleged misrepresentations. These U.S. class action lawsuits were later consolidated into one class action suit that is ongoing. In October 2018, Tahoe learned that a similar proposed class action lawsuit had been filed in the Superior Court of Ontario. These lawsuits seek significant damages. Tahoe has disputed the allegations made in these suits, however the outcomes are not determinable at this time. We may also be subject to proceedings in our commercial relationships. In November 2018, Republic Metals Corporation (“Republic”), a refinery used by us, filed for bankruptcy. At the time of the bankruptcy, Republic had possession of approximately $4.9 million of our metal. Like many other creditors, we are now also subject to alleged preference claims against us by the litigation trustee in the Republic bankruptcy. The trustee has alleged that certain transfers that occurred in the three month period leading up to the bankruptcy are avoidable pursuant to applicable bankruptcy laws and that such amounts received by us from Republic are subject to recovery by the bankrupt’s estate. While we believe that we have defenses to such allegations, if we are unsuccessful in our defense of these claims, we may be subject to significant losses. Furthermore, we are in some cases the subject of claims by local communities, indigenous groups or private land owners relating to land and mineral rights, or environmental or social damage, and such claimants may seek sizeable monetary damages against us and/or the return of surface or mineral rights or revocation of permits and licenses that are valuable to us and which may impact our operations and profitability if lost. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved unfavourably to us. We establish provisions for matters that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. We also carry liability insurance coverage, however such insurance does not cover all risks to which we might be exposed and in other cases, may only partially cover losses incurred by us. In addition, we may be involved in disputes with other parties in the future that may result in litigation, which may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flow and results of operations. Country Argentina Unanticipated or drastic changes in laws and regulations have affected our operations in the past. For example, previous governments implemented severe price, foreign exchange, and import controls which included informal restrictions on dividend, interest, and service payments abroad and limitations on the ability to convert ARS into USD which exposed the Company to additional risks of ARS devaluation and high domestic inflation. The current government in Argentina maintains unfavorable economic policies, such as strict currency controls and the imposition of export duties. The Company has suspended project development activities at Navidad as a result of uncertainty over the zoning, regulatory and tax laws. The Company remains committed to the development of Navidad and to contributing to the positive economic and social development of the province of Chubut upon the adoption of a favorable legislative framework. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 140 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Bolivia On May 28, 2014, the Bolivian government enacted the New Mining Law. Among other things, the New Mining Law provided that all pre-existing contracts were to migrate to one of several new forms of agreement within a prescribed period of time. The Company currently has a joint venture agreement with COMIBOL (the "COMIBOL Joint Venture"), a Bolivian state mining company, relating to the San Vicente mine. As a result, we anticipate that the COMIBOL Joint Venture will be subject to such migration and possible renegotiation of key terms. The migration process has been delayed by COMIBOL and has not been completed. The primary effects on the San Vicente operation and our interest therein will not be known until such time as we have, if required to do so, renegotiated the COMIBOL Joint Venture, and the full impact may only be realized over time. We will take appropriate steps to protect and, if necessary, enforce our rights under the COMIBOL Joint Venture. There is, however, no guarantee that governmental actions, including possible expropriation or additional changes in the law, and the migration of the COMIBOL Joint Venture will not impact our involvement in the San Vicente operation in an adverse way and such actions could have a material adverse effect on us and our business. The Company's San Vicente mine, pursuant to the COMIBOL Joint Venture, is obligated to pay COMIBOL a participation fee of 37.5% (the “Participation Fee”) of the operation’s cash flow. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred approximately $5.8 million in COMIBOL royalties (2019 - incurred $5.1 million). Guatemala Some communities and non-governmental organizations ("NGOs") have been vocal and active in their opposition to mining and exploration activities in Guatemala. In July 2017, the Escobal mining license was suspended as a result of a court proceeding initiated by an NGO in Guatemala, based upon the allegation that Guatemala’s Ministry of Energy and Mines ("MEM") violated the Xinka indigenous people’s right of consultation. After several decisions and appeals on the matter, a decision of the Constitutional Court of Guatemala was rendered on September 3, 2018, determining that the Escobal mining license would remain suspended until the Guatemala MEM completes an ILO 169 consultation. The consultation process is proceeding and the mine remains suspended and on care and maintenance. Legal challenges to the consultation process have been filed with the Guatemalan Supreme Court by parties opposed to the Escobal mine and the ultimate outcome of the various challenges remains uncertain. The MEM recently set a date for the pre-consultation to commence in April 2021, however the process, timing, and outcome of the ILO 169 consultation also remains uncertain. 31. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Company’s related parties include its subsidiaries, associates over which it exercises significant influence, and key management personnel. During its normal course of operation, the Company enters into transactions with its related parties for goods and services. All related party transactions for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 have been disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. Transactions with Maverix, an associate of the Company, have been disclosed in Note 14 of these consolidated financial statements. These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 141 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (Tabular amounts are in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, options, warrants, and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted) Remuneration of key management personnel The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the year was as follows: 2019 14,180 1,287 3,195 18,662 Salaries and short-term benefits (1) Post-employment benefits (2) Share-based payments (3) 2020 18,658 $ 1,226 2,750 22,634 $ $ $ (1) (2) (3) Includes annual salary and short-term incentives or bonuses earned in the year. Includes annual contributions to retirement savings plans made by the Company. Includes annual RSUs, PSUs, stock option and common share grants. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 142 Non-GAAP Measures This annual report of Pan American Silver Corp. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Pan American”, “Pan American Silver”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”) refers to various non-GAAP measures, such as “all- in sustaining costs per ounce sold”, “cash costs per ounce sold”, “adjusted earnings” and “basic adjusted earnings per share”, “net cash generated from operating activities before changes in working capital”, “total debt”, “capital”, “working capital”, and “free cash flow”. These measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS as an indicator of performance, and may differ from methods used by other companies. Any reference to “Cash Costs” in this annual report should be understood to mean cash costs per ounce of silver or gold sold, net of by-product credits. Any reference to “AISC” in this annual report should be understood to mean all-in sustaining costs per silver or gold ounce sold, net of by-product credits. Readers should refer to the “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” section of the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) for the period ended December 31, 2020, available at www.sedar.com. Reporting Currency and Financial Information Unless we have specified otherwise, all references to dollar amounts or $ are to United States dollars. Integration of Tahoe Resources Inc. (“Tahoe”) On February 22, 2019, the Company completed the previously announced transaction whereby it acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Tahoe (“Acquisition”). Tahoe was a mid-tier publicly traded precious metals mining company with ownership interests in a diverse portfolio of mines and projects including the following principal mines: La Arena and Shahuindo in Peru; Timmins West and Bell Creek in Canada; and Escobal in Guatemala, where operations have been suspended since June 2017 (together the “Acquired Mines”). The Company now operates three gold mines as a result of the Acquisition. Consequently, the Company’s operations have been divided into silver and gold segments for the purposes of our financial reporting. All production, operating and financial results of the Acquired Mines (including Cash Costs and AISC amounts) and included in the Company’s consolidated results and updated guidance, reflect only the results from February 22, 2019 onwards. Further details of the Acquisition are provided in the “Acquisition of Tahoe” section of the MD&A for the period ended December 31, 2020. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Information Certain of the statements and information in this news release constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements or information. Forward-looking statements or information in this annual report relate to, among other things: future financial or operational performance; expectations with respect to the future anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our operations, the assumptions related to the global supply of COVID-19 vaccines and the roll-out in each country, and the effectiveness and results of any vaccines, the lessening or increase in pandemic-related restrictions, and the anticipated rate and timing for the same; whether Pan American is able to maintain a strong financial condition and have sufficient capital, or have access to capital through our corporate credit facility or otherwise, to sustain our business and operations; the continued advancement of the ILO 169 consultation process in connection with the Escobal mine and the results and timing for this process; the successful implementation of the TSM Protocols at our mines; our ability to complete a preliminary economic assessment for the La Colorada skarn project, and the timing and results of the same; expected results of exploration and development, including our ability to discover or define new mineral reserves and mineral resources; whether the laws in Chubut, Argentina will be changed to permit mining, and the ability of Pan American to ever develop the Navidad project; and the ability of Pan American to successfully complete any capital and development projects, including the La Colorada skarn project, the expected economic or operational results derived from those projects, and the impacts of any such projects on Pan American. These forward-looking statements and information reflect Pan American’s current views with respect to future events and are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Pan American, are inherently subject to significant operational, business, economic and regulatory uncertainties and contingencies. These assumptions include: the world-wide economic and social impact of COVID-19 and the duration and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, and the presence and impact of COVID-19 and COVID-19 related restrictions on our workforce, suppliers and other essential resources and what effect those impacts, if they change, would have on our business; the effect that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our financial and operational results; the ability of Pan American to continue with its operations, or to successfully maintain our operations on care and maintenance, should the situation related to COVID-19 not be as anticipated; continuation of operations following shutdowns or reductions in production, our ability to manage reduced operations efficiently and economically, including to maintain necessary staffing; tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; future anticipated prices for gold, silver and other metals and assumed foreign exchange rates; the timing and impact of the replacement of ventilation infrastructure at the La Colorada mine; the ongoing impact and timing of the court- mandated ILO 169 consultation process in Guatemala; ore grades and recoveries; prices for silver, gold and base metals remaining as estimated; currency exchange rates remaining as estimated; capital, decommissioning and reclamation estimates; our mineral reserve and resource estimates and the assumptions upon which they are based; prices for energy inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation); no labour-related disruptions at any of our operations; no unplanned delays or interruptions in scheduled production; all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory approvals for our operations are received in a timely manner; our ability to secure and maintain title and ownership to properties and the surface rights necessary for our operations; and our ability to comply with environmental, health and safety laws. The foregoing list of assumptions is not exhaustive. Pan American cautions the reader that forward-looking statements and information involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements or information contained in this news release and Pan American has made assumptions and estimates based on or related to many of these factors. Such factors include, without limitation: the duration and effects of COVID-19, and any other pandemics on our operations and workforce, and the effects on global economies and society; fluctuations in silver, gold and base metal prices; fluctuations in prices for energy inputs, labour, materials, supplies and services (including transportation); fluctuations in currency markets (such as the PEN, MXN, ARS, BOB, GTQ and CAD versus the USD); operational risks and hazards inherent with the business of mining (including environmental accidents and hazards, industrial accidents, equipment breakdown, unusual or unexpected geological or structural formations, cave-ins, flooding and severe weather); risks relating to the credit worthiness or financial condition of suppliers, refiners and other parties with whom Pan American does business; inadequate insurance, or inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks and hazards; employee relations; relationships with, and claims by, local communities and indigenous populations; our ability to obtain all necessary permits, licenses and regulatory approvals in a timely manner; changes in laws, regulations and government practices in the jurisdictions where we operate, including environmental, export and import laws and regulations; changes in national and local government, legislation, taxation, controls or regulations and political, legal or economic developments in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala or other countries where Pan American may carry on business, including legal restrictions relating to mining, including in Chubut, Argentina, risks relating to expropriation, and risks relating to the constitutional court-mandated ILO 169 consultation process in Guatemala; diminishing quantities or grades of mineral reserves as properties are mined; increased competition in the mining industry for equipment and qualified personnel; and those factors identified under the caption “Risks Related to Pan American’s Business” in Pan American’s most recent form 40-F and Annual Information Form filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian provincial securities regulatory authorities, respectively. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 143 Although Pan American has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated, described or intended. Investors are cautioned against undue reliance on forward-looking statements or information. Forward-looking statements and information are designed to help readers understand management’s current views of our near and longer term prospects and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Pan American does not intend, nor does it assume any obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements or information, whether as a result of new information, changes in assumptions, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by applicable law. Technical Information Technical information contained in this annual report with respect to Pan American Silver Corp. has been reviewed and approved by Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., SVP Technical Services and Process Optimization, and Chris Emerson, FAusIMM, VP Business Development and Geology, who are Pan American’s qualified persons for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”). Mineral reserves in this annual report were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by, Martin Wafforn and Chris Emerson. See Pan American’s Annual Information Form dated February 17, 2021, available at www.sedar.com for further information on Pan American’s material mineral properties as at December 31, 2020, including information concerning associated QA/QC and data verification matters, the key assumptions, parameters and methods used by the Pan American to estimate mineral reserves and mineral resources, and for a detailed description of known legal, political, environmental, and other risks that could materially affect Pan American’s business and the potential development of Pan American’s mineral reserves and resources. Please also refer to Pan American’s news release dated August 4, 2020 with respect to Pan American’s inferred mineral resource estimate for the La Colorada skarn deposit, and our news releases dated October 23, 2018, February 21, 2019, May 8, 2019, August 1, 2019, October 1, 2019, February 13, 2020 and August 4, 2020 with respect to the La Colorada skarn exploration results. The mineral reserves and resources of Pan American in this annual report reflect our mineral reserves and resources estimates as at June 30, 2020 as announced in our news release dated August 5, 2020. Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources This Annual Report has been prepared and disclosed in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities laws that differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. Unless otherwise indicated, all mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates included in this Annual Report have been disclosed in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (“CIM”) - Definition Standards adopted by the CIM Council. NI 43-101 is an instrument developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Canadian public disclosure standards, including NI 43-101, differ significantly from the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and information with respect to mineralization and mineral reserves and mineral resources contained or incorporated by reference herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies. In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, these documents use the terms ‘‘Measured Resources’’, ‘‘Indicated Resources’’ and ‘‘Inferred Resources’’. U.S. investors are advised that, while such terms are recognized and required by Canadian securities laws, the SEC does not recognize them. The requirements of NI 43-101 for identification of ‘‘reserves’’ are not the same as those of the SEC, and reserves reported by Pan American in compliance with NI 43-101 may not qualify as ‘‘reserves’’ under SEC standards. Under U.S. standards, mineralization may not be classified as a ‘‘reserve’’ unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of a ‘‘Measured Resource’’ or ‘‘Indicated Resource’’ will ever be converted into a ‘‘reserve’’. U.S. investors should also understand that ‘‘Inferred Resources’’ have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of ‘‘Inferred Resources’’ exist, are economically or legally mineable or will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian securities laws, ‘‘Inferred Resources’’ may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies except in certain cases. Disclosure of ‘‘contained ounces’’ in a mineral resource is a permitted disclosure under Canadian securities laws, however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute ‘‘reserves’’ by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade, without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, information concerning mineral deposits set forth in this Annual Report may not be comparable with information made public by companies that report in accordance with U.S. standards. The SEC has adopted amendments to its disclosure rules to modernize the mineral property disclosure requirements for issuers whose securities are registered with the SEC under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These amendments became effective February 25, 2019 (the “SEC Modernization Rules”) with compliance required for the first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. Under the SEC Modernization Rules, the historical property disclosure requirements for mining registrants included in Industry Guide 7 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, will be rescinded and replaced with disclosure requirements in subpart 1300 of SEC Regulation S-K. Following the transition period, as a foreign private issuer that is eligible to file reports with the SEC pursuant to the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system (the “MJDS”), Pan American Silver is not required to provide disclosure on its mineral properties under the SEC Modernization Rules and will continue to provide disclosure under NI 43-101. If Pan American Silver ceases to be a foreign private issuer or loses its eligibility to file its annual report on Form 40-F pursuant to the MJDS, then Pan American Silver will be subject to the SEC Modernization Rules, which differ from the requirements of NI 43-101. As a result of the adoption of the SEC Modernization Rules, the SEC now recognizes estimates of “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources.” In addition, the SEC has amended its definitions of “proven mineral reserves” and “probable mineral reserves” to be “substantially similar” to the corresponding standards under NI 43-101. While the SEC will now recognize “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources”, U.S. investors should not assume that any part or all of the mineralization in these categories will ever be converted into a higher category of mineral resources or into mineral reserves. Mineralization described using these terms has a greater amount of uncertainty as to its existence and feasibility than mineralization that has been characterized as reserves. Accordingly, U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that any measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resources that Pan American Silver reports are or will be economically or legally mineable. Further, “inferred mineral resources” have a greater amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, U.S. investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the “inferred mineral resources” exist. Under Canadian securities laws, estimates of “inferred mineral resources” may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. While the above terms are “substantially similar” to the standards under NI 43-101, there are differences in the definitions under the SEC Modernization Rules. Accordingly, there is no assurance any mineral reserves or mineral resources that Pan American Silver may report as “proven mineral reserves”, “probable mineral reserves”, “measured mineral resources”, “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources” under NI 43-101 would be the same had Pan American Silver prepared the reserve or resource estimates under the standards adopted under the SEC Modernization Rules. PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. 144 Corporate Information CORPORATE OFFICE 1440 - 625 Howe Street Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6C 2T6 604-684-1175 info@panamericansilver.com BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (As at December 31, 2020) Ross J. Beaty(1) – Chair Michael Carroll(1,2) – Director Neil de Gelder(2,3) – Director Charles Jeannes(4,5) – Director Walter Segsworth(4,5,6) – Director Kathleen Sendall – Director Gillian Winckler(2,3,5) – Director Michael Steinmann(1,4) – Director, President & Chief Executive Officer Steve Busby – Chief Operating Officer Robert Doyle – Chief Financial Officer Christopher Lemon – General Counsel Brent Bergeron – Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs & Sustainability Andres Dasso – Senior Vice President, Mining Operations George Greer – Senior Vice President, Project Development Sean McAleer – Senior Vice President & Managing Director, Guatemala Martin Wafforn – Senior Vice President, Technical Services & Process Optimization (1) Finance Committee member (2) Audit Committee member (3) Nominating & Governance Committee member (4) Health, Safety, Environment & Communities Committee member (5) Human Resources & Compensation Committee member (6) Lead Independent Director AUDITORS Deloitte LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants 2800 – 1055 Dunsmuir Street Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V7X 1P4 REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT Computershare Investor Services Inc. 100 University Avenue, 9th Floor Toronto, Ontario Canada M5J 2Y1 1-800-564-6253 service@computershare.com EXTERNAL LEGAL COUNSEL Borden Ladner Gervais LLP 1200 – 200 Burrard Street Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V7X 1T2 SHARE INFORMATION NASDAQ: PAAS TSX: PAAS Common shares outstanding at December 31, 2020: 210.3 million INVESTOR CONTACT Siren Fisekci Vice President, Investor Relations & Corporate Communications T: 604-684-1175 E: ir@panamericansilver.com PANAMERICANSILVER.COM ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING Wednesday, May 12, 2021 – 3:00pm (PST) 1200 Waterfront Centre 200 Burrard Street Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Due to governmental restrictions and guidelines relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, shareholders and proxyholders should not attend in person and instead vote by proxy. The Meeting may be accessed remotely via Conference Call and Webcast: Dial-in numbers: 1-800-319-4610 (toll-free in Canada and the U.S.) +1-604-638-5340 (international participants) Webcast: panamericansilver.com

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