PAPA JOHN’S
2017
ANNUAL REPORT
CORPORATE INFORMATION
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299
502-261-7272
STOCK LISTING
Papa John’s stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global
Select Market under the ticker symbol PZZA
ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held
Wednesday, May 2, 2018, 11:00 A.M. (E.D.T) at:
Papa John’s International, Inc.
2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299
INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Ernst & Young LLP for the fiscal period ending
December 31, 2017
December 30, 2018
KPMG LLP for the fiscal period ending
TRANSFER AGENT
Computershare Shareholder Services
462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600
Louisville, KY 40202
www.computershare.com/investor
800-622-6757 (US, Canada, Puerto Rico)
+1 781-575-2879 (non-US)
INVESTOR RELATIONS
Steven R. Coke
502-261-7272
Vice President of Investor Relations and Strategy
CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS – MEDIA RELATIONS
Peter Collins
502-261-7272
Senior Director Public Relations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes non-historical or “forward-looking”
statements concerning future events or conditions.
Important risk factors, which could cause actual results
to differ materially from these statements, are set forth in
Item 1A. Risk Factors in the accompanying Form 10-K.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
To learn more about Papa John’s, or to order online,
visit our website at www.papajohns.com
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS, FRANCHISEES,
SUPPLY PARTNERS, AND TEAM MEMBERS:
At Papa John’s, 98% of restaurant managers
are promoted from hourly positions – delivery
drivers, customer service team members and shift
managers – within the company. I have the utmost
admiration for the hard work and dedication to
quality embodied by our team members across the
company. We know that by focusing on the success
and well-being of our team members, they will
in turn continue delivering world class customer
experiences. As we know well, happy people make
better pizza!
As we’ve proven yet again this year, at Papa John’s
anything is achievable if you dedicate yourself to
putting your best foot forward every day. In 1996, our
own Steve Ritchie began his career at Papa John’s as a
customer service representative at $6 per hour. In 2018,
he became our Chief Executive Officer. I can’t think
of a more inspirational story for our restaurant team
members than to simply point to Steve and what he
has accomplished.
I am so proud of Steve – he has excelled at every job
he’s ever held at Papa John’s – from being an hourly
customer service rep, to a delivery driver, store general
manager, director of operations, franchisee and
most recently President. With 120,000 Papa John’s
corporate and franchise employees, Steve will shine
the spotlight on our pizza and the most important
ingredient – our team members. We couldn’t have a
more proven leader to guide Papa John’s through its
next stage of growth.
We are amid a positive brand evolution, and Steve is
already leading Papa John’s global development as
the architect of this marketing, digital and customer
experience evolution. With over 60% of our domestic
sales from digital channels, we have only begun
to scratch the surface in leveraging technology,
modern marketing and operational enhancements
to improve Papa John’s brand relevancy and quality
positioning. The recent additions of Mike Nettles as
Chief Information and Digital Officer, Brandon Rhoten
as Chief Marketing Officer and the addition of a
digital-first creative agency of record, Laundry Service,
underpin the brand’s emphasis on digital marketing
and technology. Combined with the company’s
continuing focus on quality and our team members,
we’re confident we have the right recipe for our next
stage of success.
As I turn the page to the next chapter in this
unbelievable journey that started over 33 years ago
in a broom closet, I see a future that is bright. As
Founder and Chairman, I will continue to champion
the core principles that have led to our unquestioned
position as the industry leader in product quality and
customer satisfaction. While the brand evolves and
we continue to make the investments needed to reach
customers when and where they desire, the BETTER
INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA. promise will always be
at the heart of everything we do.
There are exciting times
ahead for Papa John’s. I look
forward to supporting Steve
and the Executive Leadership
Team in partnering with you
to bring the brand to
new heights.
John H. Schnatter
Founder and Chairman
A MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER STEVE RITCHIE
First and foremost, I am humbled to take on this role and would like to thank John
for his vision for a better pizza company, for all of the wisdom he has imparted and
for the opportunities he has given to me over the years. And I am grateful for John’s
friendship, and the trust he has placed in me to lead Papa John’s into the future.
Like John, I have the utmost admiration for the hard work and dedication to quality
embodied by our team members – they are our most important ingredient.
I’m certain our future company leaders are delivering pizzas in one of our 5,000
stores around the world right now. As always, we’ll continue to focus on what’s
important – the people and the pizza making.
EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP TEAM
STEVE M. RITCHIE
President and Chief Executive Officer
★ 22 Years
TIMOTHY C. O’HERN
Senior Vice President and Chief
Development Officer
★ 31 Years
R. SHANE HUTCHINS
Senior Vice President, PJ Food Service
★ 20 Years
★ 18 Years
CAROLINE MILLER OYLER
Senior Vice President, General Counsel
SEAN A. MULDOON
Senior Vice President,
Chief Ingredient Officer
★ 18 Years
Operations & Global OST
★ 17 Years
ROBERT W. SMITH, JR.
Senior Vice President, Global Human
Resources
★ 15 Years
★ 11 Years
JACK H. SWAYSLAND
Senior Vice President, International
MICHAEL R. NETTLES
Senior Vice President, Chief Information
and Digital Officer
★ 1 Year
BRANDON P. RHOTEN
Senior Vice President,
Chief Marketing Officer
★ 1 Year
STEVEN R. COKE
Vice President of Investor Relations and
Strategy, Interim Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer
EDMOND M. HEELAN
Senior Vice President, North American
JOHN H. SCHNATTER
Founder, Chairman
DIRECTORS
CHRISTOPHER L. COLEMAN (1)(3)
Managing Director, Rothschild – London
OLIVIA F. KIRTLEY (2*)(4)
Business Consultant
LAURETTE T. KOELLNER (1*)(2)
Business Consultant
SONYA E. MEDINA (3)
Government and Public Affairs Strategist
MARK S. SHAPIRO (1)(3*)
Co-President, WME | IMG
W. KENT TAYLOR (2)
Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
Numbers Indicate Board Committees:
(1) Audit Committee
(2) Compensation Committee
(3) Corporate Governance and Nominating
Committee
(4) Lead Independent Director
★ = Represents years working with John H. Schnatter and/or Papa John’s
* Committee Chair
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
or
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-21660
PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky
(Address of principal executive offices)
61-1203323
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
40299-2367
(Zip Code)
(502) 261-7272
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
(Title of Each Class)
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
(Name of each exchange on which registered)
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit
and post such files). Yes No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the closing sale price on The NASDAQ Stock Market as
of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 25, 2017, was $1,979,090,627.
As of February 20, 2018, there were 33,538,310 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Part III of this annual report are incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2018.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Selected Financial Data
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
Item 13.
Item 14.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Page
3
12
21
21
24
24
27
29
31
49
52
85
85
87
87
87
87
88
88
88
2
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Papa John’s International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (referred to as the “Company”, “Papa John’s” or in the first person
notations of “we”, “us” and “our”) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants and, in certain
international markets, dine-in and delivery restaurants under the trademark “Papa John’s”. Papa John’s began operations
in 1984. At December 31, 2017, there were 5,199 Papa John’s restaurants in operation, consisting of 743 Company-owned
and 4,456 franchised restaurants operating domestically in all 50 states and in 44 countries and territories. Our Company-
owned restaurants include 246 restaurants operated under five joint venture arrangements and 35 units in Beijing and North
China.
Papa John’s has defined five reportable segments: domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America commissaries
(Quality Control Centers), North America franchising, international operations, and “all other” business units. North
America is defined as the United States and Canada. Domestic is defined as the contiguous United States. International
franchisees are defined as all franchise operations outside of the United States and Canada. See “Management’s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Note 20” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements” for financial information about our segments.
All of our periodic and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available, free
of charge, through our website located at www.papajohns.com, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports. Those documents are available
through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the SEC. We also make
available free of charge on our website our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Board Committee Charters, and our Code
of Ethics, which applies to Papa John’s directors, officers and employees. Printed copies of such documents are also
available free of charge upon written request to Investor Relations, Papa John’s International, Inc., P.O. Box 99900,
Louisville, KY 40269-0900. You may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference
Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. This information is also available at www.sec.gov. The references to these
website addresses do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the websites, which should
not be considered part of this document.
Strategy
Our goal is to build the strongest brand loyalty in the pizza industry by delivering on our “BETTER INGREDIENTS.
BETTER PIZZA.” promise. Recognized as a trusted brand and quality leader in the domestic pizza category, our objective
is to build our brand on a global basis by executing the key elements of our strategy.
High-Quality Menu Offerings. Our menu strategy focuses on the quality of our ingredients. Domestic Papa John’s
restaurants offer high-quality pizza along with side items, including breadsticks, cheesesticks, chicken poppers and wings,
dessert items and canned or bottled beverages. Papa John’s original crust pizza is prepared using fresh dough (never
frozen). In addition, during 2016 we introduced a fresh pan dough crust to the domestic system. Papa John’s pizzas are
made from a proprietary blend of wheat flour, real cheese made from mozzarella, fresh-packed pizza sauce made from
vine-ripened tomatoes (not from concentrate) and a proprietary mix of savory spices, and a choice of high-quality meat
and vegetable toppings. Our original and pan dough crust pizza is delivered with a container of our special garlic sauce
and a pepperoncini pepper. In addition to our fresh dough pizzas, we offer a par-baked thin crust. Each is served with a
pepperoncini pepper. We have a continuing “clean label” initiative to remove unwanted ingredients from our product
offerings, such as synthetic colors, artificial flavors and preservatives, announcing in 2016 and 2017 that we had removed
an additional fifteen unwanted ingredients across our entire food menu during the two years.
3
We also offer limited-time pizzas on a regular basis and expect to continue to test new product offerings both domestically
and internationally. The new products can become a part of the permanent menu if they meet certain internally established
guidelines.
All ingredients and toppings can be purchased by our Company-owned and franchised restaurants from our North
American Quality Control Center (“QC Center”) system, which delivers to individual restaurants twice weekly. To ensure
consistent food quality, each domestic franchisee is required to purchase dough and pizza sauce from our QC Centers and
to purchase all other supplies from our QC Centers or other approved suppliers. Internationally, the menu may be more
diverse than in our domestic operations to meet local tastes and customs. Most QC Centers outside the U.S. are operated
by franchisees pursuant to license agreements or by other third parties. The Company operates three international QC
Centers in Mexico, the United Kingdom (“UK”), and China. We provide significant assistance to licensed QC Centers in
sourcing approved quality suppliers. All of the QC Centers are required to meet food safety and quality standards and to
be in compliance with all applicable laws.
Efficient Operating System. We believe our operating and distribution systems, restaurant layout and designated delivery
areas result in lower restaurant operating costs and improved food quality, and promote superior customer service. Our
QC Center system takes advantage of volume purchasing of food and supplies and provides consistency and efficiencies
of scale in fresh dough production. This eliminates the need for each restaurant to order food from multiple vendors and
commit substantial labor and other resources to dough preparation.
Commitment to Team Member Training and Development. We are committed to the development and motivation of our
team members through training programs, including our leadership development program, incentive and recognition
programs and opportunities for advancement. Team member training programs are conducted for Company-owned
restaurant team members, and operational training is offered to our franchisees. We offer performance-based financial
incentives to corporate team members and restaurant managers.
Marketing. Our domestic marketing strategy consists of both national and local components. Our national strategy includes
national advertising via television, print, direct mail, digital, mobile marketing and social media channels. Our digital
marketing activities have increased significantly over the past several years in response to increasing consumer use of
online and mobile web technology. Local advertising programs include television, radio, print, direct mail, store-to-door
flyers, digital, mobile marketing and local social media channels. See “Marketing Programs” below, which describes more
local marketing programs.
In international markets, our marketing focuses on reaching customers who live or work within a small radius of a Papa
John’s restaurant. Our international markets use a combination of advertising strategies, including television, radio, print,
digital, mobile marketing and local social media depending on the size of the local market.
Technology. We use technology to deliver a better customer experience, focusing on key strategies that offer benefits to
the customer as well as advancing our objectives of higher customer lifetime value, deeper brand affinity and greater
sustained advantage over traditional and emerging competitors.
Our latest technology initiatives, such as launching a restaurant ordering app on Apple TV in 2016, build on our past
milestones, which include the introduction of digital ordering across all our U.S. delivery restaurants in 2001 and the
launch of a domestic digital rewards program in 2010. In 2017, over 60% of domestic sales were placed through digital
channels. During 2017, we also became the first national pizza brand to integrate with Facebook Instant Ordering,
expanded mobile app promotions, launched Papa Track with delivery status, enhanced social sharing and special digital
discounts, strengthened alternative payments with the addition of PayPal, and targeted new “Perks” incentives for PAPA
REWARDS® loyalty members.
Strong Franchise System. We are committed to developing and maintaining a strong franchise system by attracting
experienced operators, supporting them to expand and grow their business and monitoring their compliance with our high
standards. We seek to attract franchisees with experience in restaurant or retail operations and with the financial resources
and management capability to open single or multiple locations. While each Papa John’s franchisee manages and operates
4
its own restaurants and business, we devote significant resources to providing franchisees with assistance in restaurant
operations, training, marketing, site selection and restaurant design.
Our strategy for global franchise unit growth focuses on our sound unit economics model. We strive to eliminate barriers
to expansion in existing international markets, and identify new market opportunities. Our growth strategy varies based
on the maturity and penetration of the market and other factors in specific domestic and international markets, with overall
unit growth expected to come increasingly from international markets.
Restaurant Sales and Investment Costs
We are committed to maintaining sound restaurant unit economics. In 2017, the 676 domestic Company-owned restaurants
included in the full year’s comparable restaurant base generated average annual unit sales of $1.19 million ($1.17 million
on a 52-week basis). Our North American franchise restaurants, which included 2,403 restaurants in the full year’s
comparable base for 2017, generated average annual unit sales of $908,000 ($891,000 on a 52-week basis). Average annual
unit sales for North American franchise restaurants are lower than those of Company-owned restaurants as a higher
percentage of our Company-owned restaurants are located in more heavily penetrated markets.
With only a few exceptions, domestic restaurants do not offer dine-in, which reduces our restaurant capital investment.
The average cash investment for the seven domestic traditional Company-owned restaurants opened during 2017,
exclusive of land, was approximately $354,000 per unit, compared to the $339,000 investment for the 12 domestic
traditional units opened in 2016, excluding tenant allowances that we received. Over the past few years, we have
experienced an increase in the cost of our new restaurants primarily as a result of building larger units to accommodate
increased sales, an increase in the cost of certain equipment as a result of technology enhancements, and increased costs
to comply with applicable regulations.
We define a “traditional” domestic Papa John’s restaurant as a delivery and carryout unit that services a defined trade area.
We consider the location of a traditional restaurant to be important and therefore devote significant resources to the
investigation and evaluation of potential sites. The site selection process includes a review of trade area demographics,
target population density and competitive factors. A member of our development team inspects each potential domestic
Company-owned restaurant location and substantially all franchised restaurant locations before a site is approved. Papa
John’s restaurants are typically located in strip shopping centers or freestanding buildings that provide visibility, curb
appeal and accessibility. Our restaurant design can be configured to fit a wide variety of building shapes and sizes, which
increases the number of suitable locations for our Company-owned and franchised restaurants. A typical traditional
domestic Papa John’s restaurant averages 1,100 to 1,500 square feet with visible exterior signage.
“Non-traditional” Papa John’s restaurants generally do not provide delivery service but rather provide walk-up or carryout
service to a captive customer group within a designated facility, such as a food court at an airport, university or military
base or an event-driven service at facilities such as sports stadiums or entertainment venues. Non-traditional units are
designed to fit the unique requirements of the venue and may not offer the full range of menu items available in our
traditional restaurants.
All of our international restaurants are franchised, except for 35 Company-owned restaurants in Beijing and North China.
Generally, our international Papa John’s restaurants are slightly smaller than our domestic restaurants and average between
900 and 1,400 square feet; however, in order to meet certain local customer preferences, some international restaurants
have been opened in larger spaces to accommodate both dine-in and restaurant-based delivery service, ranging from 35 to
140 seats.
5
Development
At December 31, 2017, there were 5,199 Papa John’s restaurants operating in all 50 states and in 44 international countries
and territories, as follows:
Beginning - December 25, 2016
Opened
Closed
Acquired
Sold
Ending - December 31, 2017
Domestic
Company-
owned
702
9
(3)
1
(1)
708
Franchised
North America
Total North
America
International System-wide
2,739
110
(116)
1
(1)
2,733
3,441
119
(119)
2
(2)
3,441
1,656
257
(155)
-
-
1,758
5,097
376
(274)
2
(2)
5,199
Although most of our domestic Company-owned markets are well-penetrated, our Company-owned growth strategy is to
continue to open domestic restaurants in existing markets as appropriate, thereby increasing consumer awareness and
enabling us to take advantage of operational and marketing efficiencies. Our experience in developing markets indicates
that market penetration through the opening of multiple restaurants in a particular market results in increased average
restaurant sales in that market over time. We have co-developed domestic markets with some franchisees or divided
markets among franchisees and will continue to utilize market co-development in the future, where appropriate.
Of the total 3,441 North American restaurants open as of December 31, 2017, 708 units, or approximately 20%, were
Company-owned (including 246 restaurants owned in joint venture arrangements with franchisees in which the Company
has a majority ownership position and control). Operating Company-owned restaurants allows us to improve operations,
training, marketing and quality standards for the benefit of the entire system. From time to time, we evaluate the purchase
or sale of units or markets, which could change the percentage of Company-owned units. Subsequent to December 31,
2017, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to refranchise 31 jointly owned stores in the Denver, Colorado market
to an existing franchisee.
Of the 1,758 international restaurants open as of December 31, 2017, 35 units or 2.0% were Company-owned (all of which
are located in Beijing and North China). We plan to sell the Company-owned China restaurants and the China QC Center
in 2018. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2017, the Company’s China operations, including these restaurants and the QC
Center, are classified as held for sale in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
QC Center System and Supply Chain Management
Our North American QC Center system currently comprises 11 full-service regional production and distribution centers
in the U.S., including a full-service QC Center in Georgia, which opened during 2017, that supply pizza sauce, dough,
food products, paper products, smallwares and cleaning supplies twice weekly to each traditional restaurant it serves.
Additionally, we have one QC Center in Canada, which produces and distributes fresh dough. This system enables us to
monitor and control product quality and consistency, while lowering food and other costs. We evaluate the QC Center
system capacity in relation to existing restaurants’ volumes and planned restaurant growth, and facilities are developed or
upgraded as operational or economic conditions warrant.
We currently own full-service international QC Centers in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; Mexico City, Mexico; and
Beijing, China. Other international QC Centers are licensed to franchisees or non-franchisee third parties and are generally
located in the markets where our franchisees have restaurants.
We set quality standards for all products used in Papa John’s restaurants and designate approved outside suppliers of food
and paper products that meet our quality standards. To ensure product quality and consistency, all domestic Papa John’s
restaurants are required to purchase pizza sauce and dough from QC Centers. Franchisees may purchase other goods
directly from our QC Centers or other approved suppliers. National purchasing agreements with most of our suppliers
generally result in volume discounts to us, allowing us to sell products to our restaurants at prices we believe are below
6
those generally available to restaurants in the marketplace. Within our North American QC Center system, products are
primarily distributed to restaurants by leased refrigerated trucks operated by us.
Marketing Programs
Our local restaurant-level marketing programs target consumers within the delivery area of each restaurant through the
use of local television, radio, print materials, targeted direct mail, store-to-door flyers, digital display advertising, email
marketing, text messages and local social media. Local marketing efforts also include a variety of community-oriented
activities within schools, sports venues and other organizations supported with some of the same advertising vehicles
mentioned above.
Domestic Company-owned and franchised Papa John’s restaurants within a defined market may be required to join an area
advertising cooperative (“Co-op”). Each member restaurant contributes a percentage of sales to the Co-op for market-wide
programs, such as television, radio, digital and print advertising, and sports sponsorships. The rate of contribution and uses
of the monies collected are determined by a majority vote of the Co-op’s members. The contribution rate for Co-ops
generally may not be below 2% of sales without approval from Papa John’s.
The restaurant-level and Co-op marketing efforts are supported by media, print, digital and electronic advertising materials
that are produced by Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”). PJMF is an unconsolidated nonstock corporation
designed to operate at break-even for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs
for all participating domestic restaurants. PJMF produces and buys air time for Papa John’s national television
commercials, buys digital media such as banner advertising, paid search-engine advertising, mobile marketing, social
media advertising and marketing, text messaging, and email. It also engages in other brand-building activities, such as
consumer research and public relations activities. Domestic Company-owned and franchised Papa John’s restaurants are
required to contribute a certain minimum percentage of sales to PJMF. The contribution rate to PJMF can be set at up to
3% of sales, if approved by the governing board of PJMF, and beyond that level if approved by a supermajority of domestic
restaurants. The domestic franchise system approved a new contribution rate of 4.25% effective in the fourth quarter of
2016. The rate will increase an additional 0.25% in annual increments until the rate reaches 5.0% of sales in 2019 and is
currently 4.50%.
Our proprietary domestic digital ordering platform allows customers to order online, including “plan ahead ordering,”
Apple TV ordering and Spanish-language ordering capability. Digital payment platforms include VISA Checkout, PayPal,
and Venmo PayShare. We provide enhanced mobile ordering for our customers, including Papa John’s iPhone® and
Android® applications. Our PAPA REWARDS® program is a customer loyalty program designed to increase loyalty and
frequency; we offer this program domestically, in the UK, and in several international markets. We receive a percentage-
based fee from North American franchisees for online sales, in addition to royalties, to defray development and operating
costs associated with our digital ordering platform. We believe continued innovation and investment in the design and
functionality of our online and mobile platforms is critical to the success of our brand.
Our domestic restaurants offer customers the opportunity to purchase reloadable gift cards, sold as either a plastic gift card
purchased in our restaurants, or an online digital card. Gift cards are sold to consumers on our website, through third-party
retailers, and in bulk to business entities and organizations. We continue to explore other gift card distribution
opportunities. Gift cards may be redeemed for delivery, carryout, and digital orders and are accepted at all Papa John’s
traditional domestic restaurants.
We provide both Company-owned and franchised restaurants with pre-approved marketing materials and catalogs for the
purchase of promotional items. We also provide direct marketing services to Company-owned and domestic franchised
restaurants using customer information gathered by our proprietary point-of-sale technology (see “Company Operations
—North America Point-of-Sale Technology”). In addition, we provide database tools, templates and training for operators
to facilitate local email marketing and text messaging through our approved tools.
In international markets, our marketing focuses on customers who live or work within a small radius of a Papa John’s
restaurant. Certain markets can effectively use television and radio as part of their marketing strategies. The majority of
the marketing efforts include using print materials such as flyers, newspaper inserts, in-store marketing materials, and to
a growing extent, digital marketing such as display, search engine marketing, social media, mobile marketing, email, and
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text messaging. Local marketing efforts, such as sponsoring or participating in community events, sporting events and
school programs, are also used to build customer awareness.
Company Operations
Domestic Restaurant Personnel. A typical Papa John’s Company-owned domestic restaurant employs a restaurant
manager and approximately 20 to 25 hourly team members, many of whom work part-time. The manager is responsible
for the day-to-day operation of the restaurant and maintaining Company-established operating standards. We seek to hire
experienced restaurant managers and staff and provide comprehensive training programs in areas such as operations and
managerial skills. We also employ directors of operations who are responsible for overseeing an average of seven
Company-owned restaurants. Senior management and corporate staff also support the field teams in many areas, including,
but not limited to, quality assurance, food safety, training, marketing and technology. We seek to motivate and retain
personnel by providing opportunities for advancement and performance-based financial incentives.
Training and Education. The Global Operations Support and Training department is responsible for creating tools and
materials for the operational training and development of both corporate and franchise team members. We believe training
is very important to delivering consistent operational execution. Operations personnel complete our management training
program and ongoing development programs, including multi-unit training, in which instruction is given on all aspects of
our systems and operations.
North America Point-of-Sale Technology. Our proprietary point-of-sale technology, “FOCUS”, is in place in all North
America traditional Papa John’s restaurants. We believe this technology facilitates fast and accurate order-taking and
pricing, and allows the restaurant manager to better monitor and control food and labor costs, including food inventory
management and order placement from QC Centers. The system allows us to obtain restaurant operating information,
providing us with timely access to sales and customer information. The FOCUS system is also integrated with our digital
ordering solutions in all North American traditional Papa John’s restaurants.
Domestic Hours of Operation. Our domestic restaurants are open seven days a week, typically from 11:00 a.m. to 12:30
a.m. Monday through Thursday, 11:00 a.m. to 1:30 a.m. on Friday and Saturday and 12:00 noon to 11:30 p.m. on Sunday.
Carryout hours are generally more limited for late night, for security purposes.
Franchise Program
General. We continue to attract qualified and experienced franchisees, whom we consider to be a vital part of our system’s
continued growth. We believe our relationship with our franchisees is good. As of December 31, 2017, there were 4,456
franchised Papa John’s restaurants operating in all 50 states and 44 countries and territories. During 2017, our franchisees
opened an additional 367 (110 North America and 257 internationally) restaurants, which includes the opening of Papa
John’s restaurants in two new countries. As of December 31, 2017, we have development agreements with our franchisees
for approximately 200 additional North America restaurants, the majority of which are committed to open over the next
two to three years, and agreements for approximately 990 additional international franchised restaurants, the majority of
which are scheduled to open over the next six years. There can be no assurance that all of these restaurants will be opened
or that the development schedules set forth in the development agreements will be achieved.
Approval. Franchisees are approved on the basis of the applicant’s business background, restaurant operating experience
and financial resources. We seek franchisees to enter into development agreements for single or multiple restaurants. We
require each franchisee to complete our training program or to hire a full-time operator who completes the training and
has either an equity interest or the right to acquire an equity interest in the franchise operation. For most non-traditional
operations and for operations outside the United States, we will allow an approved operator bonus plan to substitute for
the equity interest.
North America Development and Franchise Agreements. We enter into development agreements with our franchisees in
North America for the opening of a specified number of restaurants within a defined period of time and specified
geographic area. Our standard domestic development agreement includes a fee of $25,000 before consideration of any
incentives. The franchise agreement is generally executed once a franchisee secures a location. Our current standard
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franchise agreement requires the franchisee to pay a royalty fee of 5% of sales, and the majority of our existing franchised
restaurants have a 5% royalty rate in effect.
Over the past several years, we have offered various development incentive programs for domestic franchisees to
accelerate unit openings. Such incentives included the following for 2017 traditional openings: (1) waiver of the standard
one-time $25,000 franchise fee if the unit opens on time in accordance with the agreed-upon development schedule, or a
reduced fee of $5,000 if the unit opens late; (2) the waiver of some or all of the 5% royalty fee for a period of time; (3) a
credit for a portion of the purchase of certain leased equipment; and (4) a credit to be applied toward a future food purchase,
under certain circumstances. We believe development incentive programs have accelerated unit openings.
Substantially all existing franchise agreements have an initial 10-year term with a 10-year renewal option. We have the
right to terminate a franchise agreement for a variety of reasons, including a franchisee’s failure to make payments when
due or failure to adhere to our operational policies and standards. Many state franchise laws limit our ability as a franchisor
to terminate or refuse to renew a franchise.
We provide assistance to Papa John’s franchisees in selecting sites, developing restaurants and evaluating the physical
specifications for typical restaurants. We provide layout and design services and recommendations for subcontractors,
signage installers and telephone systems to Papa John’s franchisees. Our franchisees can purchase complete new store
equipment packages through an approved third-party supplier. We sell replacement smallwares and related items to our
franchisees. Each franchisee is responsible for selecting the location for its restaurants, but must obtain our approval of
the restaurant design and location based on traffic accessibility and visibility of the site and targeted demographic factors,
including population density, income, age and traffic.
Domestic Franchise Support Initiatives. From time to time, we offer discretionary support initiatives to our domestic
franchisees, including:
• Performance-based incentives;
• Targeted royalty relief and local marketing support to assist certain identified franchisees or markets;
• Restaurant opening incentives; and
• Reduced-cost direct mail campaigns from Preferred Marketing Solutions (“Preferred,” our wholly owned
print and promotions subsidiary).
In 2018, we plan to offer some or all of these domestic franchise support initiatives, with a particular focus of providing
assistance to franchisees in emerging and/or high cost markets.
International Development and Franchise Agreements. We opened our first franchised restaurant outside the United States
in 1998. We define “international” as all markets outside the United States and Canada. In international markets, we have
either a development agreement or a master franchise agreement with a franchisee for the opening of a specified number
of restaurants within a defined period of time and specified geographic area. Under a master franchise agreement, the
franchisee has the right to sub-franchise a portion of the development to one or more sub-franchisees approved by us.
Under our current standard international development or master franchise agreement, the franchisee is required to pay total
fees of $25,000 per restaurant: $5,000 at the time of signing the agreement and $20,000 when the restaurant opens or on
the agreed-upon development date, whichever comes first. Additionally, under our current standard master franchise
agreement, the master franchisee is required to pay $15,000 for each sub-franchised restaurant — $5,000 at the time of
signing the agreement and $10,000 when the restaurant opens or on the agreed-upon development date, whichever comes
first.
Our current standard international master franchise and development agreements provide for payment to us of a royalty
fee of 5% of sales. For international markets with sub-franchise agreements, the effective sub-franchise royalty received
by the Company is generally 3% of sales and the master franchisee generally receives a royalty of 2% of sales. The
remaining terms applicable to the operation of individual restaurants are substantially equivalent to the terms of our
domestic franchise agreement. From time to time, development agreements will be negotiated at other-than-standard terms
for fees and royalties, and we may offer various development and royalty incentives to help drive net unit growth and
results.
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Non-traditional Restaurant Development. We had 256 non-traditional domestic restaurants at December 31, 2017. Non-
traditional restaurants generally cover venues or areas not originally targeted for traditional unit development, and our
franchised non-traditional restaurants have terms differing from the standard agreements.
Franchisee Loans. Selected domestic and international franchisees have borrowed funds from us, principally for the
purchase of restaurants from us or other franchisees or for construction and development of new restaurants. Loans made
to franchisees can bear interest at fixed or floating rates and in most cases are secured by the fixtures, equipment and
signage of the restaurant and/or are guaranteed by the franchise owners. At December 31, 2017, net loans outstanding
totaled $19.9 million. See “Note 11” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
Domestic Franchise Training and Support. Our domestic field support structure consists of franchise business directors,
each of whom is responsible for serving an average of 165 franchised units. Our franchise business directors maintain
open communication with the franchise community, relaying operating and marketing information and new initiatives
between franchisees and us.
Every franchisee is required to have a principal operator approved by us who satisfactorily completes our required training
program. Principal operators for traditional restaurants are required to devote their full business time and efforts to the
operation of the franchisee’s traditional restaurants. Each franchised restaurant manager is also required to complete our
Company-certified management operations training program. Ongoing compliance with training is monitored by the
Global Operations Support and Training team. Multi-unit franchisees are encouraged to appoint training store general
managers or hire a full-time training coordinator certified to deliver Company-approved operational training programs.
International Franchise Operations Support. We employ or contract with international business directors who are
responsible for supporting one or more franchisees. The international business directors usually report to regional vice
presidents. Senior management and corporate staff also support the international field teams in many areas, including, but
not limited to, food safety, quality assurance, marketing, technology, operations training and financial analysis.
Franchise Operations. All franchisees are required to operate their Papa John’s restaurants in compliance with our policies,
standards and specifications, including matters such as menu items, ingredients, and restaurant design. Franchisees have
full discretion in human resource practices, and generally have full discretion to determine the prices to be charged to
customers, but we have the authority to set maximum price points for nationally advertised promotions.
Franchise Advisory Council. We have a franchise advisory council that consists of Company and franchisee
representatives of domestic restaurants. We also have a franchise advisory council in the United Kingdom and a newly
formed Brand Advisory Council consisting of franchisees throughout the world. The various councils and subcommittees
hold regular meetings to discuss new product and marketing ideas, operations, growth and other business issues. From
time to time, certain domestic franchisees have also formed a separate franchise association for the purpose of
communicating and addressing issues, needs and opportunities among its members.
We currently communicate with, and receive input from, our franchisees in several forms, including through the various
councils, annual operations conferences, system communications, national conference calls, various regional meetings
conducted with franchisees throughout the year and ongoing communications from franchise business directors and
international business directors in the field. Monthly webcasts are also conducted by the Company to discuss current
operational, marketing and other issues affecting the domestic franchisees’ business. We are committed to communicating
with our franchisees and receiving input from them.
Industry and Competition
The United States Quick Service Restaurant pizza (“QSR Pizza”) industry is mature and highly competitive with respect
to price, service, location, food quality and product innovation. There are well-established competitors with substantially
greater financial and other resources than Papa John’s. The category is largely fragmented and competitors include
international, national and regional chains, as well as a large number of local independent pizza operators, any of which
can utilize a growing number of food delivery services. Some of our competitors have been in existence for substantially
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longer periods than Papa John’s and can have higher levels of restaurant penetration and stronger, more developed brand
awareness in markets where we compete. According to industry sources, domestic QSR Pizza category sales, which
includes dine-in, carry out and delivery, totaled approximately $36 billion in 2017, or an increase of 1% from the prior
year. Competition from delivery aggregators and other food delivery concepts continues to increase.
With respect to the sale of franchises, we compete with many franchisors of restaurants and other business concepts. There
is also active competition for management personnel, drivers and hourly team members, and attractive commercial real
estate sites suitable for Papa John’s restaurants.
Government Regulation
We, along with our franchisees, are subject to various federal, state, local and international laws affecting the operation of
our respective businesses, including laws and regulations related to the preparation and sale of food, including food safety
and menu labeling. Each Papa John’s restaurant is subject to licensing and regulation by a number of governmental
authorities, which include zoning, health, safety, sanitation, building and fire agencies in the state or municipality in which
the restaurant is located. Difficulties in obtaining, or the failure to obtain, required licenses or approvals could delay or
prevent the opening of a new restaurant in a particular area. Our QC Centers are licensed and subject to regulation by state
and local health and fire codes, and the operation of our trucks is subject to federal and state transportation regulations.
We are also subject to federal and state environmental regulations. In addition, our domestic operations are subject to
various federal and state laws governing such matters as minimum wage requirements, benefits, working conditions,
citizenship requirements, and overtime.
We are subject to Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regulation and various state laws regulating the offer and sale of
franchises. The laws of several states also regulate substantive aspects of the franchisor-franchisee relationship. The FTC
requires us to furnish to prospective franchisees a franchise disclosure document containing prescribed information. State
laws that regulate the franchisor-franchisee relationship presently exist in a significant number of states, and bills have
been introduced in Congress from time to time that would provide for federal regulation of the U.S. franchisor-franchisee
relationship in certain respects if such bills were enacted. State laws often limit, among other things, the duration and scope
of non-competition provisions and the ability of a franchisor to terminate or refuse to renew a franchise. Some foreign
countries also have disclosure requirements and other laws regulating franchising and the franchisor-franchisee
relationship. National, state and local government regulations or initiatives, including health care legislation, “living
wage,” or other current or proposed regulations, and increases in minimum wage rates affect Papa John’s as well as others
within the restaurant industry. As we expand internationally, we are also subject to applicable laws in each jurisdiction.
We are increasingly subject to laws and regulations that require us to disclose calorie content and other specific content of
our food, including fat, trans fat, and salt content. A provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
(ACA) requires us and many restaurant companies to disclose calorie information on restaurant menus. The Food and
Drug Administration issued final rules to implement this provision, which require restaurants to post the number of calories
for most items on menus or menu boards and to make available certain other nutritional information. The implementation
of these regulations was delayed until May 2018. A number of states, counties and cities in which we do business have
also enacted menu labeling laws, but these local laws will be superseded by the federal laws once the federal laws go into
effect. Government regulation of nutrition disclosure could result in increased costs of compliance and could also impact
consumer habits in a way that adversely impacts sales at our restaurants. For further information regarding governmental
regulation, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Trademarks, Copyrights and Domain Names
Our intellectual property rights are a significant part of our business. We have registered and continue to maintain federal
registrations through the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) for the marks PAPA JOHN’S, PIZZA
PAPA JOHN’S & Design (our logo), BETTER INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA., PIZZA PAPA JOHN’S BETTER
INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA., PIZZA PAPA JOHN’S BETTER INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA. & Design, and
PAPA REWARDS. We also own federal registrations through the USPTO for several ancillary marks, principally
advertising slogans. Moreover, we have registrations for and/or have applied for PIZZA PAPA JOHN’S & Design in more
than 100 foreign countries and the European Community, in addition to international registrations for PAPA JOHN’S and
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PIZZA PAPA JOHN’S BETTER INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA. & Design in various foreign countries. From time
to time, we are made aware of the use by other persons in certain geographical areas of names and marks that are the same
as or substantially similar to our marks. It is our policy to pursue registration of our marks whenever possible and to
vigorously oppose any infringement of our marks.
We hold copyrights in authored works used in our business, including advertisements, packaging, training, website, and
promotional materials. In addition, we have registered and maintain Internet domain names, including “papajohns.com,”
and approximately 83 country code domains patterned as papajohns.cc, or a close variation thereof, with “.cc” representing
a specific country code.
Employees
As of December 31, 2017, we employed approximately 22,400 persons, of whom approximately 19,400 were restaurant
team members, approximately 900 were restaurant management personnel, approximately 900 were corporate personnel
and approximately 1,200 were QC Center and Preferred personnel. Most restaurant team members work part-time and are
paid on an hourly basis. None of our team members are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our
team member relations to be good.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are subject to risks that could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
These risks could cause actual operating results to differ from those expressed in certain “forward looking statements”
contained in this Form 10-K as well as in other Company communications. Before you invest in our securities, you should
carefully consider the following risk factors together with all other information included in this Form 10-K and our other
publicly filed documents.
Our profitability may suffer as a result of intense competition in our industry.
The QSR Pizza industry is mature and highly competitive. Competition is based on price, service, location, food quality,
brand recognition and loyalty, product innovation, effectiveness of marketing and promotional activity, use of technology,
and the ability to identify and satisfy consumer preferences. We may need to reduce the prices for some of our products to
respond to competitive and customer pressures, which may adversely affect our profitability. When commodity and other
costs increase, we may be limited in our ability to increase prices. With the significant level of competition and the pace
of innovation, we may be required to increase investment spending in several areas, particularly marketing and technology,
which can decrease profitability.
In addition to competition with our larger and more established competitors, we face competition from new competitors
and concepts such as fast casual pizza concepts. We also face competitive pressures from food delivery concepts using
new delivery technologies, some of which may have more effective marketing. The emergence or growth of new
competitors, in the pizza category or in the food service industry generally, may make it difficult for us to maintain or
increase our market share and could negatively impact our sales and our system-wide restaurant operations. We face
increasing competition from delivery aggregators, delivering food from quick-service or dine-in restaurants, as well as
other home delivery services and grocery stores that offer an increasing variety of prepped or prepared meals in response
to consumer demand. As a result, our sales can be directly and negatively impacted by actions of our competitors, the
emergence or growth of new competitors, consumer sentiment or other factors outside our control.
One of our competitive strengths is our “BETTER INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA.” brand promise. This means we
may use ingredients that cost more than the ingredients some of our competitors may use. Because of our investment in
higher-quality ingredients and our focus on a “clean label”, we could have lower profit margins than some of our
competitors if we are not able to establish or maintain premium pricing for our products.
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Changes in consumer preferences or discretionary consumer spending could adversely impact our results.
Changes in consumer preferences and trends (for example, changes in consumer perceptions of certain ingredients that
could cause consumers to avoid pizza or some of its ingredients in favor of foods that are or are perceived as more healthy,
lower-calorie or otherwise based on their ingredients or nutritional content) or preferences for a dining experience such as
fast casual pizza concepts, could adversely affect our restaurant business and reduce the effectiveness of our marketing
and technology initiatives. Also, our success depends to a significant extent on numerous factors affecting consumer
confidence and discretionary consumer income and spending, such as general economic conditions, customer sentiment
and the level of employment. Any factors that could cause consumers to spend less on food or shift to lower-priced products
could reduce sales or inhibit our ability to maintain or increase pricing, which could materially adversely affect our
operating results.
Food safety and quality concerns may negatively impact our business and profitability.
Incidents or reports of food- or water-borne illness or other food safety issues, investigations or other actions by food
safety regulators, food contamination or tampering, employee hygiene and cleanliness failures, improper franchisee or
employee conduct, or presence of communicable disease at our restaurants (Company-owned and franchised), QC Centers,
or suppliers could lead to product liability or other claims. If we were to experience any such incidents or reports, our
brand and reputation could be negatively impacted. This could result in a significant decrease in customer traffic and could
negatively impact our revenues and profits. Similar incidents or reports occurring at quick service restaurants unrelated to
us could likewise create negative publicity, which could negatively impact consumer behavior towards us.
We rely on our domestic and international suppliers, as do our franchisees, to provide quality ingredients and to comply
with applicable laws and industry standards. A failure of one of our domestic or international suppliers to meet our quality
standards, or meet domestic or international food industry standards, could result in a disruption in our supply chain and
negatively impact our brand and our results.
Failure to preserve the value and relevance of our brand could have a negative impact on our financial results.
Our results depend upon our ability to differentiate our brand and our reputation for quality. Damage to our brand or
reputation could negatively impact our business and financial results. Our brand has been highly rated in U.S. surveys, and
we strive to build the value of our brand as we develop international markets. The value of our brand and demand for our
products could be damaged by any incidents that harm consumer perceptions of the Company.
To be successful in the future, we believe we must preserve, enhance and leverage the value of our brand. Consumer
perceptions of our brand are affected by a variety of factors, such as the nutritional content and preparation of our food,
the quality of the ingredients we use, our business practices and the manner in which we source the commodities we use.
Consumer acceptance of our offerings is subject to change for a variety of reasons, and some changes can occur rapidly.
Consumer perceptions may also be affected by third parties presenting or promoting adverse commentary or portrayals of
our industry, our brand, our suppliers or our franchisees. If we are unsuccessful in managing incidents that erode consumer
trust or confidence, particularly if such incidents receive considerable publicity or result in litigation, our brand value and
financial results could be negatively impacted.
Our inability or failure to recognize, respond to and effectively manage the accelerated impact of social media could
adversely impact our business.
In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms, including blogs, chat platforms,
social media websites, and other forms of Internet-based communications that allow individuals access to a broad audience
of consumers and other persons. The rising popularity of social media and other consumer-oriented technologies has
increased the speed and accessibility of information dissemination. The dissemination of information via social media
could harm our business, brand, reputation, marketing partners, financial condition, and results of operations, regardless
of the information’s accuracy.
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In addition, we frequently use social media to communicate with consumers and the public in general. Failure to use social
media effectively could lead to a decline in brand value and revenue. Other risks associated with the use of social media
include improper disclosure of proprietary information, negative comments about our brand, exposure of personally
identifiable information, fraud, hoaxes or malicious dissemination of false information.
We may not be able to effectively market our products or maintain key marketing partnerships.
The success of our business depends on the effectiveness of our marketing and promotional plans. We may not be able to
effectively execute our national or local marketing plans, particularly if lower sales result in reduced levels of marketing
funds. Our marketing strategy utilizes relationships with well-known sporting events, athletes, celebrity personalities and
our brand spokesman to market our products. Our business could suffer if we are not able to maintain key marketing
relationships and sponsorships, or if we are unable to do so at a reasonable cost, and could require additional investments
in alternative marketing strategies. Actions taken by persons or marketing partners who endorse our products, could harm
their reputations and could also cause harm to our brand. From time to time, in response to changes in the business
environment and the audience share of marketing channels, we expect to reallocate marketing resources across social
media and other channels. That reallocation may not be effective or as successful as the marketing and advertising
allocations of our competitors, which could negatively impact the amount and timing of our revenues.
Our franchise business model presents a number of risks.
Our success increasingly relies on the financial success and cooperation of our franchisees, yet we have limited influence
over their operations. Our franchisees manage their businesses independently, and therefore are responsible for the day-
to-day operation of their restaurants. The revenues we realize from franchised restaurants are largely dependent on the
ability of our franchisees to grow their sales. If our franchisees do not experience sales growth, our revenues and margins
could be negatively affected as a result. Also, if sales trends worsen for franchisees, especially in emerging markets and/or
high cost markets, their financial results may deteriorate, which could result in, among other things, restaurant closures,
reduced number of restaurant openings or delayed or reduced payments to us.
Our success also increasingly depends on the willingness and ability of our franchisees to remain aligned with us on
operating and promotional plans. Franchisees’ ability to contribute to the achievement of our plans is dependent in large
part on the availability to them of funding at reasonable interest rates and may be negatively impacted by the financial
markets in general or by the creditworthiness of our franchisees. Our operating performance could also be negatively
affected if our franchisees experience food safety or other operational problems or project an image inconsistent with our
brand and values, particularly if our contractual and other rights and remedies are limited, costly to exercise or subjected
to litigation. If franchisees do not successfully operate restaurants in a manner consistent with our required standards, the
brand’s image and reputation could be harmed, which in turn could hurt our business and operating results.
Changes in privacy laws could adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively.
We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including email, text messages and postal mailings. Any future
restrictions in federal, state or foreign laws regarding marketing and solicitation or international data protection laws that
govern these activities could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of email, text messages and postal mailing
techniques and could force changes in our marketing strategies. If this occurs, we may need to develop alternative
marketing strategies, which may not be as effective and could impact the amount and timing of our revenues.
We may not be able to execute our strategy or achieve our planned growth targets, which could negatively impact our
business and our financial results.
Our growth strategy depends on our and our franchisees’ ability to open new restaurants and to operate them on a profitable
basis. We expect substantially all of our international unit growth and much of our domestic unit growth to be franchised
units. Accordingly, our profitability increasingly depends upon royalty revenues from franchisees. If our franchisees are
not able to operate their businesses successfully under our franchised business model, our results could suffer.
Additionally, we may fail to attract new qualified franchisees or existing franchisees may close underperforming locations.
Planned growth targets and the ability to operate new and existing restaurants profitably are affected by economic,
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regulatory and competitive conditions and consumer buying habits. A decrease in sales, or increased commodity or
operating costs, including, but not limited to, employee compensation and benefits or insurance costs, could slow the rate
of new store openings or increase the number of store closings. Our business is susceptible to adverse changes in local,
national and global economic conditions, which could make it difficult for us to meet our growth targets. Additionally, we
or our franchisees may face challenges securing financing, finding suitable store locations at acceptable terms or securing
required domestic or foreign government permits and approvals. If we do not meet our growth targets or the expectations
of the market for net restaurant openings or our other strategic objectives, our stock price could decline.
Our franchisees remain dependent on the availability of financing to remodel or renovate existing locations, upgrade
systems and enhance technology, or construct and open new restaurants. From time to time, the Company may provide
financing to certain franchisees and prospective franchisees in order to mitigate store closings, allow new units to open, or
complete required upgrades. If we are unable or unwilling to provide such financing, which is a function of, among other
things, a franchisee’s credit worthiness, the number of new restaurant openings may be slower or the rate of closures may
be higher than expected and our results of operations may be adversely impacted. To the extent we provide financing to
franchisees, our results could be negatively impacted by negative performance of these franchisee loans.
We may be adversely impacted by increases in the cost of food ingredients and other costs.
We are exposed to fluctuations in commodities. An increase in the cost or sustained high levels of the cost of cheese or
other commodities could adversely affect the profitability of our system-wide restaurant operations, particularly if we are
unable to increase the selling price of our products to offset increased costs. Cheese, representing our largest food cost,
and other commodities can be subject to significant cost fluctuations due to weather, availability, global demand and other
factors that are beyond our control. Additionally, increases in labor, mileage, insurance, fuel, and other costs could
adversely affect the profitability of our restaurant and QC Center businesses. Most of the factors affecting costs in our
system-wide restaurant operations are beyond our control, and we may not be able to adequately mitigate these costs or
pass along these costs to our customers or franchisees, given the significant competitive pricing pressures.
Our dependence on a sole supplier or a limited number of suppliers for some ingredients could result in disruptions to our
business.
Domestic restaurants purchase substantially all food and related products from our QC Centers. We are dependent on
Leprino Foods Dairy Products Company (“Leprino”) as our sole supplier for cheese, one of our key ingredients. Leprino,
one of the major pizza category suppliers of cheese in the United States, currently supplies all of our cheese domestically
and substantially all of our cheese internationally. We also depend on a sole source for our supply of certain desserts,
which constitutes less than 10% of our domestic Company-owned restaurant sales. While we have no other sole sources
of supply for key ingredients or menu items, we do source other key ingredients from a limited number of suppliers.
Alternative sources of cheese, desserts, other key ingredients or menu items may not be available on a timely basis or may
not be available on terms as favorable to us as under our current arrangements.
Our Company-owned and franchised restaurants could also be harmed by a prolonged disruption in the supply of products
from or to our QC Centers due to weather, climate change, natural disasters, crop disease, food safety incidents, regulatory
compliance, labor dispute or interruption of service by carriers. In particular, adverse weather or crop disease affecting the
California tomato crop could disrupt the supply of pizza sauce to our and our franchisees’ restaurants. Insolvency of key
suppliers could also cause similar business interruptions and negatively impact our business.
Natural disasters, hostilities, social unrest and other catastrophic events may disrupt our operations or supply chain.
The occurrence of a natural disaster, hostilities, epidemic, cyber-attack, social unrest, terrorist activity or other catastrophic
events may result in the closure of our restaurants (Company-owned or franchised), our corporate office, any of our QC
Centers or the facilities of our suppliers, and can adversely affect consumer spending, consumer confidence levels and
supply availability and costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations.
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Changes in purchasing practices by our domestic franchisees could harm our commissary business.
Although our domestic franchisees currently purchase substantially all food products from our QC Centers, the only
required QC Center purchases by franchisees are pizza sauce, dough and other items we may designate as proprietary or
integral to our system. Any changes in purchasing practices by domestic franchisees, such as seeking alternative approved
suppliers of ingredients or other food products, could adversely affect the financial results of our QC Centers and the
Company
Our current insurance may not be adequate and we may experience claims in excess of our reserves.
Our insurance programs for workers’ compensation, owned and non-owned vehicles, general liability, property and team
member health insurance coverage are funded by the Company up to certain retention levels, generally ranging from
$100,000 to $1 million. These insurance programs may not be adequate to protect us, and it may be difficult or impossible
to obtain additional coverage or maintain current coverage at a reasonable cost. We also have experienced increasing
claims volatility and higher related costs for workers’ compensation, owned and non-owned vehicles and health claims.
We estimate loss reserves based on historical trends, actuarial assumptions and other data available to us, but we may not
be able to accurately estimate reserves. If we experience claims in excess of our projections, our business could be
negatively impacted. Our franchisees could be similarly impacted by higher claims experience, hurting both their
operating results and/or limiting their ability to maintain adequate insurance coverage at a reasonable cost.
Our international operations are subject to increased risks and other factors that may make it more difficult to achieve or
maintain profitability or meet planned growth rates.
Our international operations could be negatively impacted by volatility and instability in international economic, political,
security or health conditions in the countries in which the Company or our franchisees operate, especially in emerging
markets. In addition, there are risks associated with differing business and social cultures and consumer preferences. We
may face limited availability for restaurant locations, higher location costs and difficulties in franchisee selection and
financing. We may be subject to difficulties in sourcing and importing high-quality ingredients (and ensuring food safety)
in a cost-effective manner, hiring and retaining qualified team members, marketing effectively and adequately investing
in information technology, especially in emerging markets.
Our international operations are also subject to additional risk factors, including import and export controls, compliance
with anti-corruption and other foreign laws, difficulties enforcing intellectual property and contract rights in foreign
jurisdictions, and the imposition of increased or new tariffs or trade barriers. We intend to continue to expand
internationally, which would make the risks related to our international operations more significant over time.
Our international results, which are substantially franchised, depend heavily on the operating capabilities and financial
strength of our franchisees. Any changes in the ability of our franchisees to run their stores profitably in accordance with
our operating procedures, or to effectively sub franchise stores, could result in brand damage, a higher number of restaurant
closures and a reduction in the number of new restaurant openings. Our international Company-owned store presence is
currently limited to our stores in China, which are classified as held for sale, as we intend to divest those operations in
2018.
Sales made by our franchisees in international markets and certain loans we provide to such franchisees are denominated
in their local currencies, and fluctuations in the U.S. dollar occur relative to the local currencies. Accordingly, changes in
currency exchange rates will cause our revenues, investment income and operating results to fluctuate. We have not
historically hedged our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. Our international revenues and earnings may be
adversely impacted as the U.S. dollar rises against foreign currencies because the local currency will translate into fewer
U.S. dollars. Additionally, the value of certain assets or loans denominated in local currencies may deteriorate. Other
items denominated in U.S. dollars including product imports or loans may also become more expensive, putting pressure
on franchisees’ cash flows.
16
With increased indebtedness, we may have reduced availability of cash flow for other purposes. Increases in interest rates
would also increase our debt service costs and could materially impact our profitability as well as the profitability of our
franchisees.
We currently have total indebtedness of $470 million outstanding under our existing credit facility, which accrues interest
at variable interest rates. With this higher debt level and anticipated future borrowings, we may have reduced available
cash flow to plan for or react to business changes, changes in the industry or any general adverse economic conditions.
Under our credit facility, we are exposed to variable interest rates. We have entered into interest rate swaps that fix a
portion of our interest rates, but an increase in interest expense, whether because of an increase in market interest rates or
an increase in borrowings, would increase the cost of servicing our debt and could materially reduce our profitability. By
using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we also expose ourselves to credit risk. Credit
risk is due to the possible failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract.
Higher inflation, and a related increase in costs, including rising interest rates, could also impact our franchisees and their
ability to open new restaurants or operate existing restaurants profitably.
Increasingly complex laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.
We operate in an increasingly complex regulatory environment, and the cost of regulatory compliance is increasing. Our
failure, or the failure of any of our franchisees, to comply with applicable U.S. and international labor, health care, food,
health and safety, consumer protection, anti-bribery and corruption, competition, environmental and other laws may result
in civil and criminal liability, damages, fines and penalties. Enforcement of existing laws and regulations, changes in legal
requirements, and/or evolving interpretations of existing regulatory requirements may result in increased compliance costs
and create other obligations, financial or otherwise, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or
operating results. Increased regulatory scrutiny of food matters and product marketing claims, and increased litigation and
enforcement actions may increase compliance and legal costs and create other obligations that could adversely affect our
business, financial condition or operating results. Governments may also impose requirements and restrictions that impact
our business. For example, some local government agencies have implemented ordinances that restrict the sale of certain
food or drink products.
Compliance with new or additional domestic and international government laws or regulations, including the European
Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which will take effect in May 2018, could increase costs for
compliance. These laws and regulations are increasing in complexity and number, change frequently and increasingly
conflict among the various countries in which we operate, which has resulted in greater compliance risk and costs. If we
fail to comply with these laws or regulations, we could be subject to reputational damage and significant litigation,
monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines in various jurisdictions. For example, a failure to comply with
the GDPR could result in fines up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of annual global revenues.
Higher labor costs and increased competition for qualified team members increases the cost of doing business and
ensuring adequate staffing in our restaurants. Additionally, changes in employment and labor laws, including health care
legislation and minimum wage increases, could increase costs for our system-wide operations.
Our success depends in part on our and our franchisees’ ability to recruit, motivate and retain a qualified workforce to
work in our restaurants in an intensely competitive environment. Increased costs associated with recruiting, motivating
and retaining qualified employees to work in Company-owned and franchised restaurants have had a negative impact on
our Company-owned restaurant margins and the margins of franchised restaurants. Competition for qualified drivers also
continues to increase as more companies enter the delivery space, including third party aggregators. Additionally,
economic action, such as boycotts, protests, work stoppages or campaigns by labor organizations, could adversely affect
us (including our ability to recruit and retain talent) or our franchisees and suppliers whose performance may have a
material impact on our results. Social media may be used to foster negative perceptions of employment in our industry and
promote strikes or boycotts.
We are also subject to federal, state and foreign laws governing such matters as minimum wage requirements, overtime
compensation, benefits, working conditions, citizenship requirements and discrimination and family and medical leave.
17
Labor costs and labor-related benefits are primary components in the cost of operation of our restaurants and QC Centers.
Labor shortages, increased employee turnover and health care mandates could increase our system-wide labor costs.
A significant number of hourly personnel are paid at rates close to the federal and state minimum wage requirements.
Accordingly, the enactment of additional state or local minimum wage increases above federal wage rates or regulations
related to exempt employees has increased and could continue to increase labor costs for our domestic system-wide
operations.
The Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, requires employers such as us to provide health insurance for all qualifying
employees in the United States or pay penalties for not providing coverage. We, like other industry competitors, are
complying with the law and are providing more extensive health benefits to employees than we had previously provided,
and are subsidizing a larger portion of their insurance premiums. These additional costs, or costs related to future healthcare
regulation, could negatively impact our operational results. In addition, our franchisees subject to the ACA or future
healthcare legislation could face additional cost pressures from compliance with the legislation, which could reduce their
future expansion of units.
Failure to retain the services of our Founder, John Schnatter, as Chairman and brand spokesman, or to successfully
execute succession planning and attract talented team members, could harm our Company and brand.
John H. Schnatter, is our Founder and Chairman. We do not maintain key man life insurance on Mr. Schnatter, although
we depend on the continued availability of his image and his services as spokesman in our advertising and promotion
materials. While we have entered into a license agreement with Mr. Schnatter related to the use of certain intellectual
property related to his name, likeness and image, our business and brand may be harmed if Mr. Schnatter’s services were
not available to the Company or the reputation of Mr. Schnatter were negatively impacted, including by social media or
otherwise. The Company recently appointed Steve Richie to serve as Chief Executive Officer, succeeding Mr. Schnatter
in that role. If we are not able to effectively execute this Chief Executive Officer succession and future succession planning,
or manage any related organizational change, it could harm our Company and brand. Failure to effectively identify,
develop and retain other key personnel, recruit high-quality candidates and ensure smooth management and personnel
transitions could also disrupt our business and adversely affect our results.
The concentration of stock ownership with Mr. Schnatter may influence the outcome of certain matters requiring
stockholder approval.
The concentration of stock ownership by our Founder and Chairman allows him to substantially influence the outcome of
certain matters requiring stockholder approval. As of December 31, 2017, Mr. Schnatter beneficially owned approximately
29% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, he may be able to substantially influence the strategic direction of the
Company and the outcome of matters requiring approval by our stockholders.
We rely on information technology to operate our businesses and maintain our competitiveness, and any failure to invest
in or adapt to technological developments or industry trends could harm our business.
We rely heavily on information systems, including digital ordering solutions, through which over half of our domestic
sales originate. We also rely heavily on point-of-sale processing in our Company-owned and franchised restaurants for
data collection and payment systems for the collection of cash, credit and debit card transactions, and other processes and
procedures. Our ability to efficiently and effectively manage our business depends on the reliability and capacity of these
technology systems. In addition, we anticipate that consumers will continue to have more options to place orders digitally,
both domestically and internationally. Our failure to adequately invest in new technology, adapt to technological
developments and industry trends, particularly our digital ordering capabilities, could result in a loss of customers and
related market share. Notwithstanding adequate investment in new technology, our marketing and technology initiatives
may not be successful in improving our comparable sales results. Additionally, we are in an environment where the
technology life cycle is short and consumer technology demands are high, which requires continued reinvestment in
technology which will increase the cost of doing business and will increase the risk that our technology may not be
customer centric or could become obsolete, inefficient or otherwise incompatible with other systems.
18
We rely on our international franchisees to maintain their own point-of-sale and online ordering systems, which are often
purchased from third-party vendors, potentially exposing international franchisees to more operational risk, including
cyber and data privacy risks and governmental regulation compliance risks.
Disruptions of our critical business or information technology systems could harm our ability to compete and conduct our
business.
Our critical business and information technology systems could be damaged or interrupted by power loss, various
technological failures, user errors, cyber-attacks sabotage or acts of God. In particular, the Company and our franchisees
may experience occasional interruptions of our digital ordering solutions, which make online ordering unavailable or slow
to respond, negatively impacting sales and the experience of our customers. If our digital ordering solutions do not perform
with adequate speed and security, our customers may be less inclined to return to our digital ordering solutions.
Part of our technology infrastructure, such as our domestic FOCUS point-of-sale system, is specifically designed for us
and our operational systems, which could cause unexpected costs, delays or inefficiencies when infrastructure upgrades
are needed or prolonged and widespread technological difficulties occur. Significant portions of our technology
infrastructure, particularly in our digital ordering solutions, are provided by third parties, and the performance of these
systems is largely beyond our control. Failure of our third-party systems and backup systems to adequately perform,
particularly as our online sales grow, could harm our business and the satisfaction of our customers. Such third-party
systems could be disrupted either through system failure or if third party vendor patents and contractual agreements do not
afford us protection against similar technology. In addition, we may not have or be able to obtain adequate protection or
insurance to mitigate the risks of these events or compensate for losses related to these events, which could damage our
business and reputation and be expensive and difficult to remedy or repair.
Failure to maintain the integrity of internal or customer data could result in damage to our reputation, loss of sales, and/or
subject us to litigation, penalties or significant costs.
We are subject to a number of privacy and data protection laws and regulations. Our business requires the collection and
retention of large volumes of internal and customer data, including credit card data and other personally identifiable
information of our employees and customers housed in the various information systems we use. Constantly changing
information security threats, particularly persistent cyber security threats, pose risks to the security of our systems and
networks, and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data and the availability and integrity of our critical
business functions. As techniques used in cyber-attacks evolve, we may not be able to timely detect threats or anticipate
and implement adequate security measures. The integrity and protection of the customer, employee, franchisee and
Company data are critical to us. Our information technology systems and databases, and those provided by our third-party
vendors, including international vendors, have been and will continue to be subject to computer viruses, malware attacks,
unauthorized user attempts, phishing and denial of service and other malicious cyber-attacks. The failure to prevent fraud
or security breaches or to adequately invest in data security could harm our business and revenues due to the reputational
damage to our brand. Such a breach could also result in litigation, regulatory actions, penalties, and other significant costs
to us and have a material adverse effect on our financial results. These costs could be significant and well in excess of our
cyber insurance coverage.
We have been and will continue to be subject to various types of investigations and litigation, including collective and
class action litigation, which could subject us to significant damages or other remedies.
We are subject to the risk of investigations and litigation from various parties, including vendors, customers, franchisees,
state and federal agencies, stockholders and employees. From time to time, we are involved in a number of lawsuits,
claims, investigations, and proceedings consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, personal injury,
commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business.
We have been subject to claims in cases containing collective and class action allegations. Plaintiffs in these types of
lawsuits often seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, and the magnitude of the potential loss and defense
costs relating to such lawsuits may not be accurately estimated. Litigation trends involving the relationship between
franchisors and franchisees, personal injury claims, employment law and intellectual property may increase our cost of
doing business. We evaluate all of the claims and proceedings involving us to assess the expected outcome, and where
19
possible, we estimate the amount of potential losses to us. In many cases, particularly collective and class action cases, we
may not be able to estimate the amount of potential losses and/or our estimates may prove to be insufficient. These
assessments are made by management based on the information available at the time made and require the use of a
significant amount of judgment, and actual outcomes or losses may materially differ. Regardless of whether any claims
against us are valid, or whether we are ultimately held liable, such litigation may be expensive to defend and may divert
resources away from our operations and negatively impact earnings. Further, we may not be able to obtain adequate
insurance to protect us from these types of litigation matters or extraordinary business losses.
We may be subject to harassment or discrimination claims and legal proceedings. Although our Code of Ethics and
Business Conduct policies prohibit harassment and discrimination in the workplace, in sexual or in any other form, we
have ongoing programs for workplace training and compliance, and we investigate and take disciplinary action with respect
to alleged violations, actions by our team members could violate those policies. Franchisees and suppliers are also required
to comply with all applicable laws and govern themselves with integrity. Any violations (or perceptions thereof) by our
franchisees or suppliers could have a negative impact on consumer perceptions of us and our business and create
reputational or other harm to the company.
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, which could negatively affect our results of
operations.
We depend on the Papa John’s brand name and rely on a combination of trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and similar
intellectual property rights to protect and promote our brand. We believe the success of our business depends on our
continued ability to exclusively use our existing marks to increase brand awareness and further develop our brand, both
domestically and abroad. We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, and we may be required
to pursue litigation to prevent consumer confusion and preserve our brand’s high-quality reputation. Litigation could result
in high costs and diversion of resources, which could negatively affect our results of operations, regardless of the outcome.
We may be subject to impairment charges.
Impairment charges are possible due to the nature and timing of decisions we make about underperforming assets or
markets, or if previously opened or acquired restaurants perform below our expectations. This could result in a decrease
in our reported asset value and reduction in our net income.
The United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union could have a negative impact on our business and financial
results.
The outcome of the June 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom was a vote for the United Kingdom to cease to be a
member of the European Union (known as “Brexit”). This has resulted in a lower historical valuation of the British Pound
in comparison to the U.S. Dollar and resulted in significant currency exchange rate fluctuations. While the future impact
and other implications of Brexit on our operations in the European Union remain unclear, it has the potential to increase
currency volatility, disrupt trade with changes in tariffs and regulations, impede the free movement of goods needed in our
operations, and otherwise create global economic uncertainty and negatively impact consumer sentiment.
As of December 31, 2017, 29.6% of our total international restaurants are located in countries within the European Union.
We operate globally and changes in tax laws could adversely affect our results.
We operate globally and changes in tax laws could adversely affect our results. We have international operations and
generate substantial revenues and profits in foreign jurisdictions. The domestic and international tax environments continue
to evolve as a result of tax changes in various jurisdictions in which we operate. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and
Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law. The Tax Act changes existing United States tax law and includes numerous
provisions that will affect businesses, including reducing the corporate tax rate to 21 percent from 35 percent effective
January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also introduces changes that will impact business-related exclusions, and deductions and
credits. As a result of the Tax Act, 2017 deferred tax assets and liabilities were remeasured. This remeasurement yielded
a one-time benefit of approximately $7 million in the fourth quarter of 2017. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of
20
the Tax Act on our business and results of operations. Many of the income tax effects of the Tax Act that we have
accounted for in 2017 are based on reasonable estimates and are provisional. See “Note 15” of “Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements” for additional information. The U.S. Treasury is expected to issue rules, regulations and guidance
in connection with the Tax Act, which may alter interpretations of its provisions and change our preliminary analysis and
conclusions. Any Treasury rules, regulations and guidance may materially impact the Company's operating results,
including our effective tax rate, related provision for income taxes or amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and
related valuation allowances. We cannot currently predict the overall impact of the Tax Act on our business and results
of operations. There could be unforeseen adverse tax consequences that arise as a result of the Tax Act. In addition, further
changes in the tax laws of foreign jurisdictions could arise. These contemplated changes could increase tax uncertainty
and may adversely affect our provision for income taxes.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2017, there were 5,199 Papa John’s restaurants system-wide. The following tables provide the
locations of our restaurants. We define “North America” as the United States and Canada and “domestic” as the contiguous
United States.
21
North America Restaurants:
Company Franchised Total
Alabama .......................................................................................................................
Alaska ..........................................................................................................................
Arizona .........................................................................................................................
Arkansas .......................................................................................................................
California .....................................................................................................................
Colorado .......................................................................................................................
Connecticut ..................................................................................................................
Delaware ......................................................................................................................
District of Columbia.....................................................................................................
Florida ..........................................................................................................................
Georgia .........................................................................................................................
Hawaii ..........................................................................................................................
Idaho ............................................................................................................................
Illinois ..........................................................................................................................
Indiana .........................................................................................................................
Iowa .............................................................................................................................
Kansas ..........................................................................................................................
Kentucky ......................................................................................................................
Louisiana ......................................................................................................................
Maine ...........................................................................................................................
Maryland ......................................................................................................................
Massachusetts ..............................................................................................................
Michigan ......................................................................................................................
Minnesota .....................................................................................................................
Mississippi ...................................................................................................................
Missouri .......................................................................................................................
Montana .......................................................................................................................
Nebraska ......................................................................................................................
Nevada .........................................................................................................................
New Hampshire ...........................................................................................................
New Jersey ...................................................................................................................
New Mexico .................................................................................................................
New York .....................................................................................................................
North Carolina .............................................................................................................
North Dakota ................................................................................................................
Ohio .............................................................................................................................
Oklahoma .....................................................................................................................
Oregon .........................................................................................................................
Pennsylvania ................................................................................................................
Rhode Island ................................................................................................................
South Carolina .............................................................................................................
South Dakota ................................................................................................................
Tennessee .....................................................................................................................
Texas ............................................................................................................................
Utah ..............................................................................................................................
Vermont .......................................................................................................................
Virginia ........................................................................................................................
Washington ..................................................................................................................
West Virginia ...............................................................................................................
Wisconsin .....................................................................................................................
Wyoming......................................................................................................................
Total U.S. Papa John’s Restaurants .........................................................................
Canada .........................................................................................................................
Total North America Papa John’s Restaurants ........................................................
3
—
—
—
—
31
—
—
—
64
100
—
—
8
42
—
16
46
—
—
60
—
—
32
—
43
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
102
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
—
32
94
—
—
26
—
—
—
—
708
—
708
81
11
79
25
205
23
8
17
10
230
67
14
14
94
91
23
18
67
60
5
42
21
53
16
30
33
9
15
21
3
63
18
91
85
8
165
38
16
94
4
66
13
80
208
35
1
122
51
22
31
10
2,606
127
2,733
84
11
79
25
205
54
8
17
10
294
167
14
14
102
133
23
34
113
60
5
102
21
53
48
30
76
9
15
21
3
63
18
91
187
8
165
38
16
94
4
75
13
112
302
35
1
148
51
22
31
10
3,314
127
3,441
22
International Restaurants:
Company Franchised Total
Azerbaijan ....................................................................................................................
Bahrain .........................................................................................................................
Belarus .........................................................................................................................
Bolivia ..........................................................................................................................
Cayman Islands ............................................................................................................
Chile .............................................................................................................................
China ............................................................................................................................
Colombia ......................................................................................................................
Costa Rica ....................................................................................................................
Cyprus ..........................................................................................................................
Dominican Republic ....................................................................................................
Ecuador ........................................................................................................................
Egypt ............................................................................................................................
El Salvador ...................................................................................................................
France ...........................................................................................................................
Guam ............................................................................................................................
Guatemala ....................................................................................................................
Iraq ...............................................................................................................................
Ireland ..........................................................................................................................
Israel .............................................................................................................................
Jordan ...........................................................................................................................
Korea ............................................................................................................................
Kuwait ..........................................................................................................................
Mexico .........................................................................................................................
Morocco .......................................................................................................................
Netherlands ..................................................................................................................
Nicaragua .....................................................................................................................
Oman ............................................................................................................................
Panama .........................................................................................................................
Peru ..............................................................................................................................
Philippines....................................................................................................................
Poland ..........................................................................................................................
Puerto Rico...................................................................................................................
Qatar .............................................................................................................................
Russia ...........................................................................................................................
Saudi Arabia .................................................................................................................
Spain ............................................................................................................................
Trinidad ........................................................................................................................
Tunisia .........................................................................................................................
Turkey ..........................................................................................................................
United Arab Emirates ...................................................................................................
United Kingdom ...........................................................................................................
Venezuela .....................................................................................................................
Total International Papa John’s Restaurants ...........................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
35
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
35
4
22
10
4
2
68
164
43
23
8
17
17
45
23
3
3
12
1
72
2
9
130
37
107
3
11
4
10
13
38
18
1
27
21
134
50
41
7
4
47
45
384
39
1,723
4
22
10
4
2
68
199
43
23
8
17
17
45
23
3
3
12
1
72
2
9
130
37
107
3
11
4
10
13
38
18
1
27
21
134
50
41
7
4
47
45
384
39
1,758
Note: Company-owned Papa John’s restaurants include restaurants owned by majority-owned subsidiaries. There were
246 such restaurants at December 31, 2017 (31 in Colorado, 60 in Maryland, 32 in Minnesota, 94 in Texas, 26 in Virginia,
and 3 in Georgia).
Most Papa John’s Company-owned restaurants are located in leased space. The initial term of most domestic restaurant
leases is generally five years with most leases providing for one or more options to renew for at least one additional term.
Generally, the leases are triple net leases, which require us to pay all or a portion of the cost of insurance, taxes and utilities.
23
In connection with the 2016 sale of our Phoenix market, we also remain contingently liable for payment under 42 lease
arrangements.
Nine of our 12 North America QC Centers are located in leased space. Our remaining three locations are in buildings we
own. Additionally, our corporate headquarters and our printing operations located in Louisville, KY are in buildings owned
by us.
Our international leases include our Company-owned restaurant sites in Beijing and North China. At December 31, 2017,
we also leased and subleased to franchisees in the United Kingdom 316 of the 384 franchised Papa John’s restaurant sites.
The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the United Kingdom are generally 10 to 15 years. The initial lease terms
of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. We own a full-service QC Center in the United Kingdom and
lease our QC Centers and office space in Beijing, China, and Mexico City, Mexico.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, consisting of intellectual
property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance
with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 450, “Contingencies,”
the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s
consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the
impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a
particular case. See “Note 17” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
24
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Set forth below are the current executive officers of Papa John’s:
Name
Age (a)
Position
Steve M. Ritchie
43
President and Chief Executive Officer
Lance F. Tucker
48
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief
Administrative Officer
First Elected
Executive Officer
2012
2011
Michael R. Nettles
51
Senior Vice President and Chief Information and Digital
2018
Officer
Timothy C. O’Hern
54
Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer
Brandon P. Rhoten
38
Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer
Caroline Miller Oyler
52
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Steven R. Coke
39
Vice President of Investor Relations and Strategy
2005
2018
2018
2018
(a) Ages are as of January 1, 2018.
Steve M. Ritchie was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer effective January 1, 2018. He served as President
and Chief Operating Officer from July 2015 to December 31, 2017, after serving as Senior Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer since May 2014. Mr. Ritchie has served as a Senior Vice President since May 2013 and in various
capacities of increasing responsibility over Global Operations & Global Operations Support and Training since July 2010.
Since 2006, he also has served as a franchise owner and operator of multiple units in the Company’s Midwest Division.
Lance F. Tucker was appointed Chief Administrative Officer in July 2012 and Chief Financial Officer in February 2011.
Mr. Tucker previously held the positions of Treasurer from February 2011 to October 2017, Chief of Staff and Senior Vice
President, Strategic Planning from June 2010 to February 2011, after serving as Chief of Staff and Vice President, Strategic
Planning since June 2009. Mr. Tucker was previously employed by the Company from 1994 to 1999 working in its finance
department. From 2003 to 2009, Mr. Tucker served as Chief Financial Officer of Evergreen Real Estate, a company owned
by John Schnatter. Mr. Tucker is a licensed Certified Public Accountant. It was announced on January 16, 2018 that Mr.
Tucker is departing the Company effective March 2, 2018.
Michael R. Nettles was appointed Senior Vice President, Chief Information and Digital officer in February 2017. Mr.
Nettles joined Papa John’s after four years with Panera Bread serving as Vice President, Architecture and Information
Technology Strategy. Prior to Panera, Mr. Nettles served as Vice President of Tag Solutions for Goji Food Solutions from
April 2011 until July of 2012 and concurrently as Founder and President of Red Chair Ventures, a foodservice technology
solutions provider from January 2009 until July of 2012.
Timothy C. O’Hern was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer in July 2012. He previously
served as Senior Vice President, Development since June 2009, a position he previously held from 2005 until 2007. From
2002 until 2005 and from 2007 until 2009, he managed the operations of a Papa John’s franchisee in which he has an
ownership interest. Prior to his departure from Papa John’s in 2002, Mr. O’Hern held various positions, including Vice
President of Global Development from February 2001 to 2002, Vice President of U.S. Development from March 1997 to
25
February 2001, Director of Franchise Development from December 1996 to March 1997 and Construction Manager from
November 1995 to December 1996. He has been a franchisee since 1993.
Brandon P. Rhoten was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer in August 2017. Mr. Rhoten joined
Papa John’s after six years with The Wendy’s Company, serving as Vice President, Marketing, Head of Advertising, Social
Media, Media and Digital Marketing from 2015 through 2017; from 2013 through 2015, serving as Vice President, Head
of Digital, Digital Marketing and Social Media; and from 2011 through 2013 serving as Director, Head of Digital
Marketing and Social Media.
Caroline Miller Oyler was appointed Senior Vice President, General Counsel in May 2014, having served as Senior Vice
President, Legal Affairs since November 2012 and previously as Vice President and Senior Counsel since joining the
Company’s legal department in 1999. She also served as interim head of Human Resources from December 2008 to
September 2009. Prior to joining Papa John’s, Ms. Oyler practiced law with the firm Wyatt, Tarrant and Combs LLP.
On February 9, 2018, Steven R. Coke, 39, the Company’s Vice President of Investor Relations and Strategy, was appointed
to the positions of principal financial and accounting officer of the Company on an interim basis, effective March 2, 2018,
the previously announced date of departure of Lance Tucker, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief
Administrative Officer. Mr. Coke has served as Vice President, Strategic Planning since January 2015, after serving as
Senior Director, Strategy since April 2012 and Senior Director, Restaurant Finance since June 2011. He has served in
various director and manager level positions with increasing responsibility in Finance since joining the company in May
1998. Mr. Coke is a licensed Certified Public Accountant.
There are no family relationships between any of the directors or executive officers of the Company.
26
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities
Our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market tier of The NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol
PZZA. As of February 20, 2018, there were 746 record holders of common stock. However, there are significantly more
beneficial owners of our common stock than there are record holders. The following table sets forth, for the quarters
indicated, the high and low sales prices of our common stock, as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market, and dividends
declared per common share:
2017
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
2016
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
$
High
88.11 $
85.20
81.09
75.07
$
High
61.22 $
67.99
82.55
90.49
Dividend
Declared Per
Share
0.200
0.200
0.225
0.225
Low
73.77 $
73.63
70.73
55.05
Dividend
Declared Per
Share
0.175
0.175
0.200
0.200
Low
44.47 $
53.23
65.51
73.60
Our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.225 per share on January 31, 2018, that was payable on
February 23, 2018, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 12, 2018.
We anticipate continuing the payment of quarterly cash dividends. The actual amount of such dividends is subject to
declaration by our Board of Directors and will depend upon future earnings, results of operations, capital requirements,
our financial condition and other relevant factors. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to pay
quarterly cash dividends.
Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $2.075 billion of common stock under a share repurchase
program that began December 9, 1999, and expires February 27, 2019. In fiscal 2017, a total of 3.0 million shares with an
aggregate cost of $209.6 million and an average price of $70.80 per share were repurchased under this program.
Subsequent to year-end, we acquired an additional 546,000 shares at an aggregate cost of $32.7 million. Approximately
$395.0 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase program as of February 20, 2018.
The following table summarizes our repurchase activity by fiscal period during the fourth quarter ended December 31,
2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Total Number
Total
Number
of Shares Paid per Announced Plans Purchased Under the
Average of Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Price
Maximum Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Share
or Programs
Fiscal Period
9/25/2017 - 10/22/2017
10/23/2017 - 11/19/2017
11/20/2017 - 12/31/2017
111,553 $
112,044 $
112,562 $
Plans or Programs
488,619
457,641
427,714
379 $ 71.26
491 $ 63.10
518 $ 57.78
27
The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There
can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or
otherwise.
Stock Performance Graph
The following performance graph compares the cumulative shareholder return of the Company’s common stock for the
five-year period between December 30, 2012 and December 31, 2017 to (i) the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S.) Index and
(ii) a group of the Company’s peers consisting of U.S. companies listed on NASDAQ with standard industry classification
(SIC) codes 5800-5899 (eating and drinking places). Management believes the companies included in this peer group
appropriately reflect the scope of the Company’s operations and match the competitive market in which the Company
operates. The graph assumes the value of the investments in the Company’s common stock and in each index was $100
on December 30, 2012, and that all dividends were reinvested.
400
300
200
100
0
Dec-12
Dec-13
Dec-14
Dec-15
Dec-16
Dec-17
Dec. 30, 2012
100.00
100.00
100.00
Dec. 29, 2013
171.28
141.46
156.54
Dec. 28, 2014
214.37
166.30
168.65
Dec. 27, 2015
215.42
177.87
213.72
Dec. 25, 2016
342.71
196.62
222.10
Dec. 31, 2017
223.70
207.11
226.16
Papa John's International, Inc.
NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. Companies)
NASDAQ Stocks (SIC 5800-5899 U.S. Companies) Eating and Drinking
28
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial data presented for each of the fiscal years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2017, were
derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data below should be read in conjunction
with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the “Consolidated
Financial Statements” and Notes thereto included in Item 7 and Item 8, respectively, of this Form 10-K.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Income Statement Data
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant
sales
North America franchise royalties and
fees (2)
North America commissary and other
sales
International (3)
Total revenues
Dec. 31,
Dec. 25,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 30,
Dec. 25,
2017
53 weeks
2016
52 weeks
2015
52 weeks
2014
52 weeks
2013
52 weeks
Year Ended(1)
$ 816,718
$
815,931
$
756,307
$
701,854
$
635,317
106,729
102,980
96,056
90,169
82,873
733,627
126,285
1,783,359
681,606
113,103
1,713,620
680,321
104,691
1,637,375
703,671
102,455
1,598,149
632,192
88,640
1,439,022
Refranchising and impairment
gains/(losses), net
Operating income
Legal settlement
Investment income
Interest expense
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income before attribution to
noncontrolling interests
Income attributable to noncontrolling
interests (4)
(4,233)
Net income attributable to the Company $ 102,292
(1,674)
151,017
—
608
(11,283)
140,342
33,817
106,525
Net income attributable to common
shareholders
Basic earnings per common share
Diluted earnings per common share
Basic weighted average common shares
outstanding
Diluted weighted average common
shares outstanding
Dividends declared per common share
$ 103,288
2.86
$
2.83
$
36,522
0.85
$
Balance Sheet Data
Total assets
Total debt
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling
interests (5)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
$ 555,553
470,000
—
6,738
(105,954)
10,222
164,523
898
785
(7,397)
158,809
49,717
—
136,307
(12,278)
794
(5,676)
119,147
37,183
(979)
117,630
—
702
(4,077)
114,255
36,558
—
106,503
—
589
(983)
106,109
33,130
109,092
81,964
77,697
72,979
(6,272)
102,820
102,967
2.76
2.74
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(6,282)
75,682
75,422
1.91
1.89
$
$
$
$
(4,382)
73,315
72,869
1.78
1.75
$
$
$
$
(3,442)
69,537
68,497
1.58
1.55
36,083
37,253
39,458
40,960
43,387
$
$
37,608
0.75
512,565
300,575
—
8,461
9,801
$
$
40,000
0.63
494,058
256,000
—
8,363
42,206
$
$
41,718
0.53
504,555
230,451
—
8,555
98,715
$
$
44,243
0.25
464,291
157,900
10,786
7,024
138,184
29
(1) We operate on a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the last Sunday of December of each year. The 2017 fiscal year
consisted of 53 weeks and all other years above consisted of 52 weeks. The additional week resulted in additional
revenues of approximately $30.9 million and additional income before income taxes of approximately $5.9 million,
or $0.11 per diluted share for 2017.
(3)
(2) North America franchise royalties were derived from franchised restaurant sales of $2.30 billion in 2017 ($2.25
billion on a 52 week basis), $2.20 billion in 2016, $2.13 billion in 2015, $2.04 billion in 2014 and $1.91 billion in
2013.
Includes international royalties and fees, restaurant sales for international Company-owned restaurants, and
international commissary revenues. International royalties were derived from franchised restaurant sales of $761.3
million in 2017 ($744.0 million on a 52 week basis), $648.9 million in 2016, $592.7 million in 2015, $553.0 million
in 2014 and $460.0 million in 2013. Restaurant sales for international Company-owned restaurants were $13.7
million in 2017 ($13.4 million on a 52 week basis), $14.5 million in 2016, $19.3 million in 2015, $23.7 million in
2014 and $22.7 million in 2013.
(4) Represents the noncontrolling interests’ allocation of income for our joint venture arrangements.
(5) Represents the redemption value of a mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest. Upon removal of the
redemption feature through a contractual amendment during 2014, the noncontrolling interest was reclassified from
other long-term liabilities to stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheet.
30
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Introduction
Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s” or in the first person notations of “we,” “us”
and “our”) began operations in 1984. At December 31, 2017, there were 5,199 Papa John’s restaurants in operation,
consisting of 743 Company-owned and 4,456 franchised restaurants. Our revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza
and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, and sales
of franchise and development rights. Additionally, approximately 42% to 46% of our North America revenues in each of
the last three years were derived from sales to franchisees of various items including food and paper products, printing and
promotional items and information systems equipment, and software and related services. We also derive revenues from
the operation of three international QC centers. We believe that in addition to supporting both Company and franchised
profitability and growth, these activities contribute to product quality and consistency throughout the Papa John’s system.
New unit openings in 2017 were 376 as compared to 343 in 2016 and 357 in 2015 and unit closings in in 2017 were 274
as compared to 139 in 2016 and 127 in 2015. Our expansion strategy is to cluster restaurants in targeted markets, thereby
increasing consumer awareness and enabling us to take advantage of operational, distribution and advertising efficiencies.
We continue to generate solid sales in our domestic Company-owned restaurants in a very competitive environment.
Average annual Company-owned sales for our most recent domestic comparable restaurant base were $1.19 million ($1.17
million on a 52-week basis) for 2017, compared to $1.16 million for 2016 and $1.12 million for 2015. Average sales
volumes in new markets are generally lower than in those markets in which we have established a significant market
position. The comparable sales for domestic Company-owned restaurants increased 0.4% in 2017, 4.4% in 2016 and 5.9%
in 2015. “Comparable sales” represents sales generated by restaurants open for the entire twelve-month period reported.
The comparable sales for North America franchised units decreased 0.1% in 2017 and increased 3.1% in 2016 and 3.6%
in 2015. The comparable sales for system-wide International units increased 4.4% in 2017, 6.0% in 2016 and 6.9% in
2015.
We strive to obtain high-quality restaurant sites with good access and visibility and to enhance the appearance and quality
of our restaurants. We believe these factors improve our image and brand awareness. The average cash investment for the
seven domestic traditional Company-owned restaurants opened during 2017 was approximately $354,000, exclusive of
land and any tenant improvement allowances we received, compared to the $339,000 average investment for the 12
domestic traditional units opened in 2016. Over the past few years, we have experienced an increase in the cost of our new
restaurants primarily as a result of building larger units to accommodate increased sales, an increase in the cost of certain
equipment as a result of technology enhancements, and increased costs to comply with local regulations.
Planned Sale of China Company-owned Operations
In September 2015, the Company decided to refranchise the China Company-owned market and is planning a sale of its
existing China operations, consisting of 35 Company-owned restaurants and a commissary. We expect to sell the business
during 2018; upon completion of the sale, the Company will not have any Company-owned international restaurants. We
have classified the assets as held for sale within the consolidated balance sheet. Upon the classification of these assets to
held for sale in 2015, no loss was recognized as their fair value exceeded their carrying value.
In 2017 and 2016, we determined that the fair value no longer exceeded the carrying value of the associated assets. As a
result of our impairment analyses, we recorded impairment losses of $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the periods ended
December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively. These amounts are included in refranchising and impairment
gains/(losses), net in the consolidated statements of income. These charges include the write-offs of all goodwill in 2016
associated with the assets held for sale and a valuation allowance on the remaining assets held for sale in 2016 and 2017.
The Company-owned China operations incurred losses before income taxes of $2.9 million in 2017, $2.3 million in 2016
and $1.2 million in 2015, which are recorded in our International segment. The losses in 2017 and 2016 include the
impairment charges of $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, noted above.
See “Note 7” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
31
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which were prepared in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of consolidated financial
statements requires management to select accounting policies for critical accounting areas as well as estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s significant
accounting policies, including recently issued accounting pronouncements, are more fully described in “Note 2” of “Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Significant changes in assumptions and/or conditions in our critical accounting
policies could materially impact the operating results. We have identified the following accounting policies and related
judgments as critical to understanding the results of our operations:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Notes Receivable
We establish reserves for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable based on overall receivable aging levels and a
specific evaluation of accounts and notes for franchisees and other customers with known financial difficulties. Balances
are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.
Noncontrolling Interests
The Company has five joint ventures in which there are noncontrolling interests. Consolidated net income is required to
be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. Additionally, disclosures
are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent company and the interests of the
noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the consolidated statements of income attributable to the
noncontrolling interest holder.
The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the consolidated balance sheets
for these joint venture arrangements:
Type of Joint Venture Arrangement
Joint venture with no redemption feature
Option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest -
currently redeemable
Option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not
currently redeemable
Location within the
Balance Sheets
Recorded Value
Permanent equity Carrying value
Temporary equity Redemption value*
Temporary equity Carrying value
* The change in redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” and “Retained
earnings” in the consolidated balance sheets.
See “Note 6” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
Stock Based Compensation
Compensation expense for equity grants is estimated on the grant date, net of projected forfeitures and is recognized over
the vesting period (generally in equal installments over three years). Restricted stock is valued based on the market price
of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. Stock options are valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.
32
Our specific assumptions for estimating the fair value of options include the following:
2017 2016 2015
Assumptions (weighted average):
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividend yield
Expected volatility
Expected term (in years)
2.0 % 1.3 % 1.6 %
1.0 % 1.2 % 0.9 %
26.7 % 27.4 % 28.5 %
5.5
5.5
5.6
The risk-free interest rate for the periods within the contractual life of an option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve
in effect at the time of grant. The expected dividend yield was estimated as the annual dividend divided by the market
price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. Expected volatility was estimated by using the Company’s historical
share price volatility for a period similar to the expected life of the option. See “Note 18” of “Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements” for additional information.
Intangible Assets — Goodwill
We evaluate goodwill annually in the fourth quarter or whenever we identify certain triggering events or circumstances
that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such tests are
completed separately with respect to the goodwill of each of our reporting units, which includes our domestic Company-
owned restaurants, China and the United Kingdom (“PJUK”) operations. We may perform a qualitative assessment or
move directly to the quantitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period if we believe that it is more efficient or if
impairment indicators exist.
We elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our domestic Company-owned restaurants, China and PJUK reporting
units in 2017. As a result of our qualitative analyses, we determined that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair values
of our reporting units were greater than their carrying amounts. Subsequent to completing our goodwill impairment tests,
no indicators of impairment were identified. See “Note 8” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional
information.
Insurance Reserves
Our insurance programs for workers’ compensation, owned and non-owned automobiles, general liability, property, and
health insurance coverage provided to our employees are funded by the Company up to certain retention levels. Retention
limits generally range from $100,000 to $1.0 million per occurrence.
Losses are accrued based upon undiscounted estimates of the aggregate retained liability for claims incurred using certain
third-party actuarial projections and our claims loss experience. The estimated insurance claims losses could be
significantly affected should the frequency or ultimate cost of claims differ significantly from historical trends used to
estimate the insurance reserves recorded by the Company. See “Note 12” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”
for additional information.
Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves
Papa John’s is subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is
required in determining Papa John’s provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for
income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets
and liabilities, and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences
reverse. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net
operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized
in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional
basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.
33
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted, significantly decreasing the U.S. federal
income tax rate for corporations effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we remeasured our deferred tax assets, liabilities
and related valuation allowances. This remeasurement yielded a one-time benefit of approximately $7.0 million due to
the lower income tax rate. In 2018, based on the U.S. corporate income tax rate reduction to 21%, we are forecasting an
effective income tax rate of 20% to 24%. Given the substantial changes associated with the Tax Act, the estimated financial
impacts are provisional and subject to further interpretation and clarification of the Tax Act during 2018. See “Items
Impacting Comparability” and Note 2 for additional information. As of December 31, 2017, we had a net deferred income
tax liability of approximately $12 million.
Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified
exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues and adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations,
court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures. We recognized decreases
in income tax expense of $1.7 million and $729,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively, and an increase in income tax expense
of $731,000 in 2015 associated with the finalization of certain income tax matters. See “Note 15” of “Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements” for additional information.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in December of each year. All fiscal years presented in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements consist of 52 weeks except for the 2017 fiscal year, which consists of 53 weeks.
34
Items Impacting Comparability; Non-GAAP Measures
The following table reconciles our GAAP financial results to the adjusted (non-GAAP) financial results, excluding
identified “Special items”, as detailed below:
•
•
•
•
•
the U.S. income tax legislation effect on deferred taxes is related to the remeasurement of the net deferred
tax liability due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017.
the favorable impact of adopting the new guidance for accounting for share-based compensation in 2017, as
previously discussed.
2017 and 2016 include impairment losses related to our Company-owned stores in China that are held for
sale.
2016 includes a refranchising gain from the sale of the Phoenix Company–owned market with 42 restaurants
to a franchisee.
2016 legal settlement represents the favorable 2016 finalization related to the collective and class action
litigation, Perrin v. Papa John’s International, Inc. and Papa John’s USA, Inc.
We present these non-GAAP measures because we believe the Special items impact the comparability of our results of
operations. Additionally, the impact of the Company’s 53 week fiscal year in 2017 as compared to 52 weeks in 2016 is
highlighted below. For additional information about the above special items, see “Note 2”, “Note 7”, “Note 17” and Note
15” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” respectively.
35
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
GAAP Income before income taxes
Special items:
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net
Legal settlement
Adjusted income before income taxes
53rd week of operations
Adjusted income before income taxes - 52 weeks
GAAP Net income
Special items, net of income taxes:
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net
Legal settlement
U.S. tax legislation effect on deferred taxes
Equity compensation tax benefit
Net income, as adjusted
53rd week of operations
Adjusted net income - 52 weeks
GAAP Diluted earnings per share
Special items:
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net
Legal settlement
U.S. tax legislation effect on deferred taxes
Equity compensation tax benefit
Adjusted diluted earnings per share
53rd week of operations
Adjusted diluted earnings per share - 52 weeks
Year Ended
December 31, December 25, December 27,
2016
2015
2017
$ 140,342 $ 158,809 $ 119,147
1,674
—
(10,222)
(898)
—
12,278
$ 142,016 $ 147,689 $ 131,425
—
$ 136,116 $ 147,689 $ 131,425
(5,900)
—
$ 102,292 $ 102,820 $
75,682
1,323
—
(7,020)
(1,879)
94,716 $
(3,900)
90,816 $
(6,455)
(567)
—
—
95,798 $
—
95,798 $
—
7,986
—
—
83,668
—
83,668
$
$
$
2.83 $
2.74 $
1.89
0.04
—
(0.20)
(0.05)
2.62 $
(0.11)
2.51 $
(0.17)
(0.02)
—
—
2.55 $
—
2.55 $
—
0.20
—
—
2.09
—
2.09
$
$
The non-GAAP results previously shown and within this document, which exclude Special items and the impact of the
53rd week, should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the
Company’s GAAP results. Management believes presenting certain financial information without the Special items and
the impact of the 53rd week is important for purposes of comparison to prior year results. In addition, management uses
these metrics to evaluate the Company’s underlying operating performance, to analyze trends, and to determine
compensation. See “Results of Operations” for further analysis regarding the impact of the Special items.
In addition, we present free cash flow in this report, which is a non-GAAP measure. We define free cash flow as net cash
provided by operating activities (from the consolidated statements of cash flows) less the purchases of property and
equipment. We view free cash flow as an important measure because it is one factor that management uses in determining
the amount of cash available for discretionary investment. Free cash flow is not a term defined by GAAP, and as a result,
our measure of free cash flow might not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Free cash
flow should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of our performance than the Company’s GAAP
measures. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most directly comparable
GAAP measure.
The presentation of the non-GAAP measures in this report is made alongside the most directly comparable GAAP
measures.
36
Percentage Relationships and Restaurant Data and Unit Progression
The following tables set forth the percentage relationship to total revenues, unless otherwise indicated, of certain income
statement data, and certain restaurant data for the years indicated:
Income Statement Data:
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales
North America franchise royalties and fees
North America commissary and other sales
International
Total revenues
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately
below):
Domestic Company-owned restaurant operating expense (2)
North America commissary and other operating expense (3)
International operating expense (4)
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and expenses
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net
Operating income
Legal settlement
Net interest expense
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to the Company
Year Ended(1)
Dec. 31,
Dec. 25,
Dec. 27,
2017
(53 weeks)
2016
(52 weeks)
2015
(52 weeks)
45.8 %
6.0
41.1
7.1
100.0
47.6 %
6.0
39.8
6.6
100.0
46.2 %
5.9
41.5
6.4
100.0
81.4
93.4
62.5
8.9
2.4
91.4
(0.1)
8.5
—
(0.6)
7.9
1.9
6.0
(0.3)
5.7 %
79.9
92.6
63.2
9.6
2.4
91.0
0.6
9.6
0.1
(0.4)
9.3
2.9
6.4
(0.4)
6.0 %
79.9
92.5
60.7
10.0
2.5
91.7
—
8.3
(0.7)
(0.3)
7.3
2.3
5.0
(0.4)
4.6 %
37
Dec. 31,
2017
(53 weeks)
Year Ended (1)
Dec. 25,
2016
(52 weeks)
Dec. 27,
2015
(52 weeks)
Restaurant Data:
Percentage increase in comparable domestic Company-owned
restaurant sales (5)
Number of domestic Company-owned restaurants included in the
most recent full year’s comparable restaurant base
Average sales for domestic Company-owned restaurants included in
the most recent comparable restaurant base
0.4 %
4.4 %
5.9 %
676
694
667
$ 1,192,000 $ 1,156,000 $ 1,116,000
Papa John’s Restaurant Progression:
North America Company-owned:
Beginning of period
Opened
Closed
Acquired from franchisees
Sold to franchisees
End of period
International Company-owned:
Beginning of period
Closed
Sold to franchisees
End of period
North America franchised:
Beginning of period
Opened
Closed
Acquired from Company
Sold to Company
End of period
International franchised:
Beginning of period
Opened
Closed
End of period
Total restaurants - end of period
702
9
(3)
1
(1)
708
42
(7)
—
35
2,739
110
(116)
1
(1)
2,733
1,614
257
(148)
1,723
5,199
707
13
(1)
25
(42)
702
45
(3)
—
42
2,681
104
(63)
42
(25)
2,739
1,460
226
(72)
1,614
5,097
686
16
(2)
7
—
707
49
(4)
—
45
2,654
106
(72)
—
(7)
2,681
1,274
235
(49)
1,460
4,893
(1) We operate on a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the last Sunday of December of each year. The 2015 and 2016
fiscal years consisted of 52 weeks and the 2017 fiscal year consisted of 53 weeks. The additional week in 2017
resulted in additional revenues of approximately $30.9 million and additional income before income taxes of
approximately $5.9 million, or $0.11 per diluted share.
(2) As a percentage of domestic Company-owned restaurant sales.
(3) As a percentage of North America commissary and other sales.
(4) As a percentage of international sales.
(5) Represents the change in year-over-year sales for Company-owned restaurants open throughout the periods being
compared.
38
Results of Operations
Income Statement Presentation
2017 Compared to 2016
Discussion of Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased $69.7 million, or 4.1%, to $1.78 billion in 2017, compared to
$1.71 billion in 2016. Revenues for the 53rd week of operations in 2017 approximated $30.9 million, or 1.8%. Revenues
are summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands).
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales
North America franchise royalties and fees
North America commissary and other sales
International
Total Revenues
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
Dec. 25,
2017
2016
Increase
(Decrease)
$
Increase
(Decrease)
%
$ 816,718
106,729
733,627
126,285
$ 1,783,359
$ 815,931 $
102,980
681,606
113,103
787
3,749
52,021
13,182
$ 1,713,620 $ 69,739
0.1 %
3.6 %
7.6 %
11.7 %
4.1 %
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales increased $787,000, or 0.1% in 2017. Excluding the benefit of the 53rd week
of operations of $15.6 million, the Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales decreased $14.8 million, or 1.8% in 2017,
primarily due to a 3.1% reduction in equivalent units in 2017 from the refranchising of 42 restaurants in the fourth quarter
of 2016. This was somewhat offset by an increase of 0.4% in comparable sales. “Comparable sales” represents the change
in year-over-year sales for the same base of restaurants for the same fiscal periods. “Equivalent units” represents the
number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold
during the period on a weighted average basis.
North America franchise royalties and fees increased $3.7 million, or 3.6% in 2017, primarily due to an increase in
equivalent units of 2.2% mainly due to the refranchising of 42 restaurants in 2016 and a benefit of $1.9 million, or 1.8%
for the 53rd week of operations. North America franchise restaurant sales increased 4.7% to $2.3 billion ($2.25 billion on
a 52 week basis) primarily due to the increase in equivalent units noted above. These increases were slightly offset by
lower comparable sales of negative 0.1%. Franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our
North America royalty revenue is derived from these sales.
North America commissary and other sales increased $52.0 million, or 7.6% in 2017, primarily due to an increase in
commissary sales associated with higher sales from commodity pricing as well as higher volumes. The benefit from the
53rd week of operations was approximately $11.2 million, or 1.6%.
International revenues increased approximately $13.2 million, or 11.7% in 2017. This increase is net of the unfavorable
impact of foreign currency rates of approximately $4.1 million. The increase was primarily due to the following:
• Royalties and commissary revenues increased due to a higher number of franchised restaurants and
comparable sales of 4.4%, calculated on a constant dollar basis. International franchise restaurant sales
increased 17.3% to $761.3 million ($744.0 million on a 52 week basis) in 2017. International franchise
restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our international royalty revenue is derived
from these sales.
• The benefit of the 53rd week of operations was $2.2 million, or 2.0%.
• These increases were somewhat offset by lower China company-owned restaurant revenues due to fewer
restaurants in 2017.
39
Costs and expenses. The operating margin for domestic Company-owned restaurants was 18.6% in 2017 and 20.2% in
2016, and consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2017
December 25, 2016
Year Ended
Restaurant sales
$
816,718
$
815,931
Cost of sales
Other operating expenses
Total expenses
Margin
188,017
476,623
664,640
23.0%
58.4%
81.4% $
186,226
465,310
651,536
22.8%
57.0%
79.8%
152,078
18.6% $
164,395
20.2%
$
$
Domestic Company-owned restaurants margin decreased $12.3 million, or 1.6%, as a percentage of restaurant sales. The
decrease was primarily attributable to higher automobile and workers compensation insurance costs of approximately $6.2
million as well as higher cost of sales from higher commodities, mainly cheese and meats. The higher labor costs from
higher minimum wages were offset by lower restaurant bonuses due to the lower operating results and sales results that
were below target. These decreases in operating income were somewhat offset by the benefit from the 53rd week of
operations in 2017 of approximately $2.4 million.
The North America commissary and other operating margin was 6.6% in 2017 compared to 7.4% in 2016, and consisted
of the following (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2017
December 25, 2016
Margin Margin
Margin Margin
Year Ended
North America commissary
All others
North America commissary
Expenses
Revenues
$ 673,712 $ 631,537 $ 42,175 6.3% $ 623,883 $ 579,834 $ 44,049 7.1%
51,641 6,082 10.5%
53,669 6,246 10.4%
57,723
59,915
Revenues
Expenses
%
%
$
$
and other
$ 733,627 $ 685,206 $ 48,421 6.6% $ 681,606 $ 631,475 $ 50,131 7.4%
The North America commissary margin was $1.9 million lower in 2017, or 0.8%, as a percentage of related revenues,
primarily due to the start-up and higher operating costs related to our new commissary in Georgia that opened in the third
quarter of 2017, partially offset by the increase in income from higher volumes. The decrease in operating margin was
somewhat offset by the $2.0 million benefit of the 53rd week.
The international operating margin was 37.5% in 2017 compared to 36.8% in 2016 and consisted of the following (dollars
in thousands):
December 31, 2017
December 25, 2016
Margin Margin
Margin Margin
Year Ended
Franchise royalties and fees
Restaurant, commissary and
other
Total international
Revenues Expenses
$ 35,125 $
$
- $ 35,125
%
Revenues
$ 30,040 $
Expenses
$
- $ 30,040
%
91,160 78,971 12,189 13.4%
$ 126,285 $ 78,971 $ 47,314 37.5%
83,063 71,509 11,554 13.9%
$ 113,103 $ 71,509 $ 41,594 36.8%
40
The increase in international operating margins of $5.7 million, or 0.7% as a percentage of related revenues, was primarily
due to higher franchise royalties due to an increase in the number of restaurants and comparable sales of 4.4%. This
increase also includes approximately $700,000 for the 53rd week of operations in 2017. Additionally, the operating income
is approximately $800,000 higher as 2016 included a non-recurring charge to record lease arrangements on a straight line
basis. These increases were partially offset by a lower operating margin for our Company-owned stores in China.
General and administrative (G&A) expenses were $158.2 million, or 8.9% of revenues for 2017, compared to $163.8
million, or 9.6% of revenues for 2016. The decrease of $5.6 million for 2017 was primarily due to lower management
incentive costs and lower restaurant supervisor bonuses, which were somewhat offset by higher salaries and benefits. The
53rd week of operations in 2017 increased general and administrative expenses by approximately $900,000.
Depreciation and amortization was $43.7 million, or 2.4% of revenues in 2017, as compared to $41.0 million, or 2.4% of
revenues for 2016. This increase of $2.7 million from 2016 was primarily due to higher depreciation on additional
technology assets associated with digital initiatives.
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net. 2017 includes an impairment charge of $1.7 million related to our
Company-owned stores in China that are currently held for sale. We incurred a related impairment charge in 2016 for
$1.4 million. See “Note 7” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information. 2017 has no
refranchising activity whereas 2016 includes a gain of $11.6 million from the refranchising of our Company-owned
Phoenix market with 42 restaurants.
Legal settlement. 2017 results have no significant legal settlement amounts whereas 2016 includes a favorable legal
settlement finalization of $898,000 related to the collective and class action, Perrin v. Papa John’s International, Inc. and
Papa John’s USA. The settlement amount was finalized and paid in 2016 and the expense was adjusted accordingly. See
“Note 17” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased approximately $4.1 million primarily due to higher average outstanding debt
balances, which is primarily due to share repurchases, as well as higher interest rates. The 53rd week of operations in 2017
increased interest expense for the year by approximately $300,000.
Income tax expense. The effective income tax rates were 24.1% in 2017 and 31.3% in 2016. The decrease in the effective
income tax rates for 2017 was primarily attributable to the impact of the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” (the “Tax Act”) which
was signed into law at the end of 2017. The Tax Act contains substantial changes to the Internal Revenue Code including
a reduction of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Upon enactment, 2017 deferred tax
assets and liabilities were remeasured. This remeasurement yielded a one-time benefit of approximately $7.0 million in
the fourth quarter of 2017. Given the substantial changes associated with the Tax Act, the estimated financial impacts for
2017 are provisional and subject to further interpretation and clarification of the Tax Act during 2018. See “Items
Impacting Comparability” and Note 2 for additional information.
Diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were $2.83 for 2017 compared to $2.74 in 2016, an increase
of 3.3%. Excluding Special items, adjusted EPS was $2.62, an increase of 2.7% versus 2016 adjusted EPS of $2.55. This
increase includes the $0.11 favorable impact of the 53rd week, a favorable tax rate and lower share count. These favorable
items were somewhat offset by other decreases in income.
41
2016 Compared to 2015
Discussion of Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased $76.2 million, or 4.7%, to $1.71 billion in 2016, compared to
$1.64 billion in 2015.
(In thousands)
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales
North America franchise royalties and fees
North America commissary and other sales
International
Total Revenues
Year Ended
Dec. 25,
Dec. 27,
2016
2015
Increase
(Decrease)
$
Increase
(Decrease)
%
$ 815,931 $ 756,307 $ 59,624
6,924
1,285
8,412
$ 1,713,620 $ 1,637,375 $ 76,245
96,056
680,321
104,691
102,980
681,606
113,103
7.9 %
7.2 %
0.2 %
8.0 %
4.7 %
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales increased $59.6 million, or 7.9% in 2016, primarily due to an increase of 4.4%
in comparable sales and a 4.4% increase in equivalent units. “Comparable sales” represents the change in year-over-year
sales for the same base of restaurants for the same fiscal periods. “Equivalent units” represents the number of restaurants
open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a
weighted average basis.
North America franchise royalties and fees increased $6.9 million, or 7.2%, primarily due to an increase in comparable
sales of 3.1%, as well as reduced levels of royalty incentives in 2016. North America franchise restaurant sales increased
3.4% to $2.2 billion primarily due to the increase in comparable sales noted above. Franchise restaurant sales are not
included in Company revenues; however, our North America royalty revenue is derived from these sales.
North America commissary and other sales increased $1.3 million, or 0.2% in 2016 primarily due to an increase in
commissary sales associated with higher sales volumes that were partially offset by lower commodity costs. This increase
was significantly offset by the prior year’s inclusion of $9.8 million of point-of-sale system (“FOCUS”) equipment sales
to franchises which had no significant margin and thus no significant impact on 2015 operating results.
International revenues increased approximately $8.4 million, or 8.0% in 2016. This increase was net of the negative impact
of foreign currency exchange rates of approximately $12.2 million. The increase was primarily due to the following:
• The 2016 results include sublease rental revenue in the United Kingdom of approximately $7.3 million,
which was shown net of the rental expenses in the corresponding periods of the prior year.
• Royalties and commissary revenues were higher due to an increase in the number of restaurants and an
increase in comparable sales of 6.0% in 2016, calculated on a constant dollar basis. International franchise
restaurant sales increased 9.5% to $648.9 million in 2016. International franchise restaurant sales are not
included in Company revenues; however, our international royalty revenue is derived from these sales.
• These increases were somewhat offset by lower China Company-owned restaurant revenues of $4.9 million,
primarily due to negative comparable sales and fewer restaurants in 2016.
42
Costs and expenses. The operating margin for domestic Company-owned restaurants was 20.2% in 2016 and 20.1% in
2015, and consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
December 25, 2016
December 27, 2015
Year Ended
Restaurant sales
$
815,931
$
756,307
Cost of sales
Other operating expenses
Total expenses
Margin
186,226
465,310
651,536
22.8%
57.0%
79.8% $
178,952
425,254
604,206
23.7%
56.2%
79.9%
164,395
20.2% $
152,101
20.1%
$
$
Domestic Company-owned restaurants cost of sales were approximately 0.9% lower as a percentage of sales in 2016,
primarily due to lower commodity costs, including meats, dough, and cheese. Domestic restaurants other operating
expenses were approximately 0.8% higher in 2016 as a percentage of sales primarily due to increased labor costs and
higher non-owned automobile claim costs driven by significant adverse automobile claims experience.
The North America commissary and other operating margin was 7.4% in 2016 compared to 7.5% in 2015, and consisted
of the following (dollars in thousands):
December 25, 2016
December 27, 2015
Revenues Expenses
Margin
$
Margin
%
Revenues Expenses
Margin
$
Year Ended
North America commissary $ 623,883
All others
57,723
North America commissary
$ 579,834 $ 44,049
6,082 10.5%
7.1% $ 615,610
64,711
$ 568,527 $ 47,083
3,815
60,896
51,641
Margin
%
7.6%
5.9%
and other
$ 681,606
$ 631,475 $ 50,131
7.4% $ 680,321
$ 629,423 $ 50,898
7.5%
The North America commissary margin was 0.5% lower in 2016, primarily due to the reclassification of certain expenses
from general and administrative to operating expenses in 2016, which had no impact on commissary income before income
taxes. The “All others” margin was 4.6% higher primarily due to improved operating results at our print and promotion
subsidiary and significant prior year FOCUS equipment sales to franchisees, which had high operating expenses and a
minimal margin.
The international operating margin was 36.8% in 2016 compared to 39.3% in 2015 and consisted of the following (dollars
in thousands):
December 25, 2016
December 27, 2015
Margin Margin
Margin Margin
Year Ended
Franchise royalties and fees
Restaurant, commissary and other
Total international
Revenues Expenses $ (a)
$ 30,040 $
83,063
- $ 27,289
63,506 13,896 18.0%
$ 113,103 $ 71,509 $ 41,594 36.8% $ 104,691 $ 63,506 $ 41,185 39.3%
- $ 30,040
11,554
Revenues Expenses $ (a)
$ 27,289 $
77,402
71,509
13.9%
%
%
(a) The negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates on income before income taxes was approximately $2.3
million in 2016 compared to $2.8 million in 2015.
43
The lower margin was primarily due to a decrease in restaurant, commissary and other margins of 4.1% in 2016. This was
primarily due to the gross presentation of certain sublease rental income and expenses related to our lease arrangements in
the United Kingdom. These amounts were shown net in the prior year; the change in presentation had no impact on income
before income taxes. In addition, we recorded a non-recurring charge of approximately $800,000 in 2016 to record these
lease arrangements on a straight line basis. This lower margin was partially offset by the benefit of higher royalties and
fees.
General and administrative (G&A) expenses were consistent with $163.8 million, or 9.6% of revenues for 2016, compared
to $163.6 million, or 10.0% for 2015.
Depreciation and amortization was $41.0 million, or 2.4% of revenues in 2016, as compared to $40.3 million, or 2.5% of
revenues for 2015.
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses),net. The refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net includes a gain of
$11.6 million from the refranchising of our 42 restaurant Company-owned Phoenix market and an impairment charge of
$1.4 million related to our Company-owned stores in China that are currently for sale. See “Note 7” of “Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
Legal settlement. The legal settlement represents an expense of $12.3 million in 2015 for a collective and class action,
Perrin v. Papa John’s International, Inc. and Papa John’s USA, Inc., including approximately 19,000 drivers, which
alleged delivery drivers were not reimbursed in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. The settlement amount
was finalized and paid in 2016 and the expense was adjusted accordingly. See “Note 17” of “Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements” for additional information.
Net interest expense. Net interest expense increased approximately $1.7 million primarily due to higher average
outstanding debt balances.
Income tax expense. The effective income tax rate was 31.3% in 2016 compared to 31.2% in 2015. The 2016 rate includes
increased benefits from foreign tax credits and the 2015 rate includes higher benefits from various tax deductions and
credits including the U.S. federal manufacturing deduction. See “Note 15” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements” for additional information.
Diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were $2.74 for 2016 compared to $1.89 in 2015. EPS for
2016 was positively impacted $0.19 for Special Items that included refranchising and impairment gains/(losses) and the
finalization and payment of the 2015 legal settlement. EPS for 2015 was negatively impacted by $0.20 due to the 2015
legal settlement. Excluding Special Items as noted in the “Items Impacting Comparability – Non-GAAP Measures” table,
2016 EPS was $2.55 compared to $2.09 in 2015, or a 22.0% increase.
44
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Debt
Our outstanding debt of $470.0 million at December 31, 2017 represented amounts outstanding under a new credit
agreement. On August 30, 2017, we entered into a new credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) replacing the previous
$500.0 million credit facility (“Previous Credit Facility”). The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured revolving
credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”) and an unsecured term loan
facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility” and together with the Revolving
Facility, the “Facilities”). Additionally, we have the option to increase the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility
in an aggregate amount of up to $300.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Our outstanding debt as of December 31,
2017 under the Facilities was $470.0 million, which was comprised of $395.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan
and $75.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Facility. Including outstanding letters of credit, the remaining
availability under the Facilities was approximately $493.0 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with the Credit
Agreement, the Company capitalized $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense,
over the term of the Facilities. Total unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $3.4 million were netted against
debt as of December 31, 2017.
Loans under the Facilities accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus
a margin ranging from 75 to 200 basis points or a base rate (generally determined by a prime rate, federal funds rate or a
LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) plus a margin ranging from 0 to 100 basis points. In each case, the actual margin is determined
according to a ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
(“EBITDA“) for the then most recently ended four quarter period (the “Leverage Ratio”). The Previous Credit Facility
accrued interest based on the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 75 to 175 basis points. An unused commitment fee
at a rate ranging from 15 to 30 basis points per annum, determined according to the Leverage Ratio, applies to the unutilized
commitments under the Revolving Facility; the unused commitment fee under the Previous Credit Facility was 15 to 25
basis points. Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty,
subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings for which a LIBOR rate election is in effect. Up to $35.0
million of the Revolving Facility may be advanced in certain agreed foreign currencies, including Euros, Pounds Sterling,
Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Pesos.
We use interest rate swaps to hedge against the effects of potential interest rate increases on borrowings under our
Facilities. As of December 31, 2017, we have the following interest rate swap agreements, including three forward starting
swaps executed in 2015 that become effective on April 30, 2018 upon expiration of the two existing swaps for $125
million. In addition, in 2017 we executed an additional four interest rate swaps for $275 million that became effective on
January 30, 2018.
Effective Dates
July 30, 2013 through April 30, 2018
December 30, 2014 through April 30, 2018
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
Floating Rate Debt Fixed Rates
$ 75 million
$ 50 million
$ 55 million
$ 35 million
$ 35 million
$ 100 million
$ 75 million
$ 75 million
$ 25 million
1.42 %
1.36 %
2.33 %
2.36 %
2.34 %
1.99 %
1.99 %
2.00 %
1.99 %
45
Our Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants, including the following financial covenants, as
defined by the Credit Agreement:
Leverage Ratio
Interest Coverage Ratio
Actual Ratio for the
Permitted Ratio
Not to exceed 4.5 to 1.0
Year Ended
December 31, 2017
2.4 to 1.0
Not less than 2.75 to 1.0
4.3 to 1.0
As stated above, our leverage ratio is defined as outstanding debt divided by consolidated EBITDA for the most recent
four fiscal quarters. The Leverage Ratio permitted by the Credit Agreement will decrease over time to 3.75 to 1.00. Our
interest coverage ratio is defined as the sum of consolidated EBITDA and consolidated rental expense for the most recent
four fiscal quarters divided by the sum of consolidated interest expense and consolidated rental expense for the most recent
four fiscal quarters. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2017.
Cash Flows
Cash flow provided by operating activities was $135.0 million for 2017 as compared to $150.3 million in 2016. The
decrease of approximately $15.3 million was primarily due to changes in working capital items.
The Company’s free cash flow for the last three years was as follows (in thousands):
Net cash provided by operating activities
Purchases of property and equipment
Free cash flow (a)
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
Dec. 25,
Dec. 27,
2017
2016
2015
$ 134,975 $ 150,257 $ 170,463
(38,972)
(55,554)
$ 82,381 $ 94,703 $ 131,491
(52,594)
(a) Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as net cash provided by operating activities (from the consolidated
statements of cash flows) less the purchases of property and equipment. We view free cash flow as an important
measure because it is one factor that management uses in determining the amount of cash available for discretionary
investment. Free cash flow is not a term defined by GAAP and as a result our measure of free cash flow might not be
comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Free cash flow should not be construed as a
substitute for or a better indicator of our performance than the Company’s GAAP measures.
Cash flow used in investing activities was $56.5 million in 2017 as compared to $46.3 million for the same period in 2016,
as the 2016 refranchising proceeds of $16.8 million greatly reduced the total net cash used in investing activities. In
comparison to 2016, 2017 also included an increase in the loans issued to franchisees of approximately $4.9 million.
We also require capital for share repurchases and the payment of cash dividends, which are funded by cash flow from
operations and borrowings from our Credit Agreement. We had net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt of
$169.4 million and $44.6 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The following is a summary of our common share repurchases for the last three years (in thousands, except average price
per share):
Fiscal
Year
2015
2016
2017
Number of
Shares
Repurchased
1,845
2,145
2,960
Dollar
Amount
Repurchased
119,793
122,381
209,586
$
$
$
Average
Price Per
Share
$
$
$
64.93
57.03
70.80
46
Subsequent to December 31, 2017, we acquired an additional 546,000 shares at an aggregate cost of $32.7 million.
Approximately $395.0 million remained available under the Company’s share repurchase program as of February 20,
2018.
The Company expects to repurchase shares in an amount equal to the remaining authorization by the end of 2019. The
timing and volume of share repurchases may be executed at the discretion of management on an opportunistic basis, or
pursuant to trading plans or other arrangements. Any share repurchase under this program may be made in the open market,
in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The Company continues to evaluate the use of an accelerated share
repurchase program to execute a portion of the share repurchase authorization. There can be no assurance as to the amount,
timing or prices of repurchases, whether through an accelerated share repurchase program or otherwise. The specific timing
and amount of repurchases will vary based on prevailing market conditions and other factors. Repurchases under the
Company’s share repurchase program may be commenced or suspended from time to time at the Company’s discretion
without prior notice.
We paid cash dividends of $30.7 million in 2017 ($0.85 per share), $27.9 million in 2016 ($0.75 per share) and $24.8
million in 2015 ($0.63 per share). Additionally, on January 31, 2018, our Board of Directors declared a first quarter 2018
cash dividend of $0.225 per share, or approximately $7.6 million. The dividend was paid on February 23, 2018 to
shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 12, 2018. The declaration and payment of any future
dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors, subject to the Company’s financial results, cash requirements,
and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.
Contractual Obligations
Contractual obligations and payments as of December 31, 2017 due by year are as follows (in thousands):
Contractual Obligations:
Term Loan Facility (1)
Revolving Facility
Interest payments (2)
Total debt
Operating leases (3)
Total contractual obligations
Payments Due by Period
Less than
1 Year
1-3 Years
3-5 Years
After 5
Years
Total
$ 20,000
—
15,804
35,804
45,421
$ 81,225
$ 40,000
—
32,546
72,546
69,763
$ 142,309
$ 335,000
75,000
31,314
441,314
42,652
$ 483,966
$
—
—
14,742
14,742
56,234
$ 70,976
$ 395,000
75,000
94,406
564,406
214,070
$ 778,476
(1) We utilize interest rate swaps to hedge our variable rate debt. At December 31, 2017, we had an interest rate swap
asset of $651,000 recorded in other current and other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
(2) Interest payments assume an outstanding debt balance of $470.0 million. Interest payments are calculated based on
LIBOR plus the applicable margin in effect at December 31, 2017, and considers the interest rate swap agreements in
effect. The actual interest rates on our variable rate debt and the amount of our indebtedness could vary from those
used to compute the above interest payments. See “Note 9” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for
additional information concerning our debt and credit arrangements.
(3) See “Note 17” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
The above table does not include the following:
• Unrecognized tax benefits of $2.0 million since we are not able to make reasonable estimates of the period
of cash settlement with respect to the taxing authority.
• Redeemable noncontrolling interests of $6.7 million as we are not able to predict the timing of the
redemptions.
47
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial
condition are operating leases of Company-owned restaurant sites, QC Centers, office space and transportation equipment.
We also guarantee leases for certain Papa John’s North America franchisees who have purchased restaurants that were
previously Company-owned. We are contingently liable on these leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of
which expires in 2022. As of December 31, 2017, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company
could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was approximately $4.4 million.
We have certain other commercial commitments where payment is contingent upon the occurrence of certain events.
Such commitments include the following by year (in thousands):
Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
Less than 1-3
3-5
1 Year
Years Years
After
5 Years
Total
Other Commercial Commitments:
Standby letters of credit
$ 32,018
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 32,018
We are party to standby letters of credit with off-balance sheet risk associated with our insurance programs. See “Notes 9,
12 and 17” of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information related to contractual and other
commitments.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this press release and other Company communications constitute forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Generally, the use of words such as “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,”
“believe,” “anticipate,” “will,” “forecast,” “plan,” “project,” or similar words identify forward-looking statements that we
intend to be included within the safe harbor protections provided by the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking
statements may relate to projections or guidance concerning business performance, revenue, earnings, cash flow,
contingent liabilities, resolution of litigation, commodity costs, profit margins, unit growth, unit level performance, capital
expenditures, share repurchases, dividends, effective tax rates, the impact of the Tax Cuts and Job Act and the adoption of
new accounting standards, and other financial and operational measures. Such statements are not guarantees of future
performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict and many of which are
beyond our control. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those matters expressed or implied
in such forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are involved in our forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
aggressive changes in pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies by competitors, which may
adversely affect sales and profitability; and new product and concept developments by food industry
competitors;
changes in consumer preferences or consumer buying habits, including the growing popularity of delivery
aggregators, as well as changes in general economic conditions or other factors that may affect consumer
confidence and discretionary spending;
the adverse impact on the Company or our results caused by product recalls, food quality or safety issues,
incidences of foodborne illness, food contamination and other general public health concerns about our
company-owned or franchised restaurants or others in the restaurant industry;
failure to maintain our brand strength, quality reputation and consumer enthusiasm for our better ingredients
marketing and advertising strategy, or our ability to manage social media and shift to more effective digital
marketing strategies;
the ability of the Company and its franchisees to meet planned growth targets and operate new and existing
restaurants profitably, including difficulties finding qualified franchisees, store level employees or suitable
sites;
increases in food costs or sustained higher other operating costs. This could include increased employee
compensation, benefits, insurance, tax rates, new regulatory requirements or increasing compliance costs;
48
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
increases in insurance claims and related costs for programs funded by the Company up to certain retention
limits, including medical, owned and non-owned automobiles, workers’ compensation, general liability and
property;
disruption of our supply chain or commissary operations which could be caused by our sole source of supply
of cheese or limited source of suppliers for other key ingredients or more generally due to weather, natural
disasters including drought, disease, or geopolitical or other disruptions beyond our control;
increased risks associated with our international operations, including economic and political conditions,
instability or uncertainty in our international markets, especially emerging markets, fluctuations in currency
exchange rates, difficulty in meeting planned sales targets and new store growth, and;
the impact of current or future claims and litigation, including labor and employment-related claims;
current, proposed or future legislation that could impact our business;
failure to effectively execute succession planning;
disruption of critical business or information technology systems, or those of our suppliers, and risks
associated with systems failures and data privacy and security breaches, including theft of confidential
company, employee and customer information, including payment cards; and
changes in Federal or state income, general and other tax laws, rules and regulations, including changes from
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and any related Treasury regulations, rules or interpretations if and when issued;
and
changes in generally accepted accounting principles including new standards for revenue recognition and
leasing.
These and other risk factors are discussed in detail in “Part I. Item 1A. — Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form
10-K. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future
events, new information or otherwise, except as required by law.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our outstanding debt of $470.0 million at December 31, 2017 represented amounts outstanding under a new credit
agreement. On August 30, 2017, we entered into a new credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) replacing the previous
$500.0 million credit facility (“Previous Credit Facility”). The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured revolving
credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”) and an unsecured term loan
facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility” and together with the Revolving
Facility, the “Facilities”). Additionally, we have the option to increase the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility
in an aggregate amount of up to $300.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Our outstanding debt as of December 31,
2017 under the Facilities was $470.0 million, which was comprised of $395.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan
and $75.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Facility. Including outstanding letters of credit, the remaining
availability under the Facilities was approximately $493.0 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with the Credit
Agreement, the Company capitalized $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense,
over the term of the Facilities. Total unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $3.4 million were netted against
debt as of December 31, 2017.
Loans under the Facilities accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus
a margin ranging from 75 to 200 basis points or a base rate (generally determined by a prime rate, federal funds rate or a
LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) plus a margin ranging from 0 to 100 basis points. In each case, the actual margin is determined
according to a ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
(“EBITDA“) for the then most recently ended four quarter period (the “Leverage Ratio”). The Previous Credit Facility
accrued interest based on the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 75 to 175 basis points. An unused commitment fee
at a rate ranging from 15 to 30 basis points per annum, determined according to the Leverage Ratio, applies to the unutilized
commitments under the Revolving Facility; the unused commitment fee under the Previous Credit Facility was 15 to 25
basis points. Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty,
subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings for which a LIBOR rate election is in effect. Up to $35.0
million of the Revolving Facility may be advanced in certain agreed foreign currencies, including Euros, Pounds Sterling,
Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Pesos.
49
We attempt to minimize interest risk exposure by fixing our rate through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are
derivative financial instruments. Our swaps are entered into with financial institutions that participate in our Credit
Agreement. By using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit
risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract.
As of December 31, 2017, we have the following interest rate swap agreements, including three forward starting swaps
executed in 2015 that become effective in 2018 upon expiration of the two existing swaps for $125 million. In addition,
we executed an additional four interest rate swaps for $275 million that became effective on January 30, 2018.
Effective Dates
July 30, 2013 through April 30, 2018
December 30, 2014 through April 30, 2018
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
Floating Rate Debt Fixed Rates
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
75 million
50 million
55 million
35 million
35 million
100 million
75 million
75 million
25 million
1.42 %
1.36 %
2.33 %
2.36 %
2.34 %
1.99 %
1.99 %
2.00 %
1.99 %
The weighted average interest rate on the revolving line of credit, including the impact of the interest rate swap agreements,
was 2.7% for the year ended December 31, 2017. An increase in the present interest rate of 100 basis points on the line of
credit balance outstanding as of December 31, 2017, including the impact of the interest rate swaps in effect January 30,
2018, would increase annual interest expense by $700,000.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations from our operations outside of the United States, which
can adversely impact our revenues, net income and cash flows. Our international operations principally consist of
Company-owned restaurants in China, distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the United
Kingdom, Mexico, China and Canada and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of
franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our international franchisees. Approximately 7.1%
of our 2017 revenues, 6.6% of our 2016 revenues and 6.4% of our revenues for 2015 were derived from these operations.
We have not historically hedged our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations
had a negative impact on our revenues of approximately $4.1 million for 2017 compared to $12.2 million for 2016. Foreign
currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on our income before income taxes of $1.0 million for 2017 and a negative
impact of $2.3 million for 2016. An additional 10% adverse change in the foreign currency rates for our international
markets would result in an additional negative impact on annual revenue and income before income taxes of $10.6 million
and $2.3 million, respectively.
The outcome of the June 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom was a vote for the United Kingdom to cease to be a
member of the European Union (known as “Brexit”). This resulted in a lower historical valuation of the British Pound in
comparison to the US Dollar. The future impact of Brexit on our franchise operations included in the European Union
could also include but may not be limited to additional currency volatility and future trade, tariff, and regulatory
changes. As of December 31, 2017, 29.6% of our total international restaurants are located in countries within the
European Union.
Commodity Price Risk
In the ordinary course of business, the food and paper products we purchase, including cheese (our largest ingredient cost),
are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. We have
pricing agreements with some of our vendors, including forward pricing agreements for a portion of our cheese purchases
50
for our domestic Company-owned restaurants, which are accounted for as normal purchases; however, we still remain
exposed to on-going commodity volatility.
The following table presents the actual average block price for cheese by quarter in 2017, 2016 and 2015. Also presented
is the projected 2018 average block price by quarter (based on the February 20, 2018 Chicago Mercantile Exchange cheese
futures prices for 2018:
Quarter 1
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Full Year
2018
2017
Projected Block
Price
Market
2016
Block
Price
2015
Block
Price
$ 1.533
1.607
1.700
1.685
$ 1.631
$ 1.613
1.566
1.642
1.639
$ 1.615
$ 1.473
1.405
1.691
1.718
$ 1.572
$ 1.538
1.630
1.684
1.602
$ 1.614
51
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the
Company) as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, the related consolidated statements of income,
comprehensive income, shareholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2017, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively
referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, and the consolidated
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 27, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion
thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and
the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement,
whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of
the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for
our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1990.
Louisville, Kentucky
February 27, 2018
52
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales
North America franchise royalties and fees
North America commissary and other sales
International
Total revenues
Costs and expenses:
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately
below):
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses
North America commissary and other expenses
International expenses
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Total costs and expenses
Refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net
Operating income
Legal settlement
Investment income
Interest expense
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to the Company
Calculation of income for earnings per share:
Net income attributable to the Company
Change in noncontrolling interest redemption value
Net income attributable to participating securities
Net income attributable to common shareholders
Basic earnings per common share
Diluted earnings per common share
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
December 31,
2017
Year ended
December 25,
December 27,
2016
2015
$
816,718
106,729
733,627
126,285
1,783,359
$
815,931
102,980
681,606
113,103
1,713,620
$
756,307
96,056
680,321
104,691
1,637,375
664,640
685,206
78,971
158,183
43,668
1,630,668
(1,674)
151,017
—
608
(11,283)
140,342
33,817
106,525
(4,233)
102,292
102,292
1,419
(423)
103,288
2.86
2.83
36,083
36,522
$
$
$
$
$
651,536
631,475
71,509
163,812
40,987
1,559,319
10,222
164,523
898
785
(7,397)
158,809
49,717
109,092
(6,272)
102,820
102,820
567
(420)
102,967
2.76
2.74
37,253
37,608
604,206
629,423
63,506
163,626
40,307
1,501,068
—
136,307
(12,278)
794
(5,676)
119,147
37,183
81,964
(6,282)
75,682
75,682
65
(325)
75,422
1.91
1.89
39,458
40,000
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Dividends declared per common share
$
0.85
$
0.75
$
0.63
See accompanying notes.
53
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Interest rate swaps (1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Income tax effect:
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Interest rate swaps (2)
Income tax effect
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income before attribution to noncontrolling interests
Less: comprehensive income, redeemable noncontrolling interests
Less: comprehensive income, nonredeemable noncontrolling interests
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
Year ended
December 31, December 25, December 27,
2016
2017
2015
$
106,525
$ 109,092
$
81,964
4,570
1,421
5,991
(7,922)
1,492
(6,430)
(1,691)
(530)
(2,221)
3,770
110,295
(2,195)
(2,038)
106,062
2,931
(552)
2,379
(4,051)
105,041
(3,665)
(2,607)
98,769
$
$
$
(2,133)
(1,846)
(3,979)
789
683
1,472
(2,507)
79,457
(3,873)
(2,409)
73,175
(1) Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) into interest expense included $421,
$1,161 and $1,563 for the years ended December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and December 27, 2015, respectively.
(2) The income tax effects of amounts reclassified out of AOCL into interest expense were $156, $429 and $578 for the
years ended December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and December 27, 2015, respectively.
See accompanying notes.
54
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable (less doubtful accounts of $2,271 in 2017 and $1,486
in 2016)
Accounts receivable - affiliates (no allowance for doubtful accounts in 2017 and 2016)
Notes receivable (no allowance for doubtful accounts in 2017 and 2016)
Income tax receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Other current assets
Assets held for sale
Total current assets
Property and equipment, net
Notes receivable, less current portion (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,047 in 2017
and $2,759 in 2016)
Goodwill
Deferred income taxes
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Income and other taxes payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt
Total current liabilities
Deferred revenue
Long-term debt, less current portion, net
Deferred income taxes
Other long-term liabilities
Total liabilities
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
$
$
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value per share; no shares issued)
Common stock ($0.01 par value per share; issued 44,221 at December 31, 2017 and 44,066
at December 25, 2016)
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Retained earnings
Treasury stock (10,290 shares at December 31, 2017 and 7,383 shares at
December 25, 2016, at cost)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit), net of noncontrolling interests
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
$
See accompanying notes.
55
December 31, December 25,
2017
2016
$
22,345
$
15,563
64,558
86
4,333
3,903
30,620
28,522
9,494
6,133
169,994
234,331
15,568
86,892
585
48,183
555,553
32,006
10,561
70,293
20,000
132,860
2,652
446,565
12,546
60,146
654,769
$
$
59,586
105
3,417
2,372
25,132
24,105
9,038
6,257
145,575
230,473
10,141
85,529
769
40,078
512,565
42,701
8,540
76,789
—
128,030
3,313
299,820
10,047
53,093
494,303
6,738
8,461
—
—
442
184,785
(2,117)
292,251
(597,072)
(121,711)
15,757
(105,954)
555,553
$
441
172,573
(5,887)
219,278
(390,316)
(3,911)
13,712
9,801
512,565
5
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Papa John’s International Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Operating activities
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
Provision for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable
Depreciation and amortization
Deferred income taxes
Stock-based compensation expense
Gain on refranchising
Impairment loss
Other
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable
Income tax receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Other current assets
Other assets and liabilities
Accounts payable
Income and other taxes payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Deferred revenue
Net cash provided by operating activities
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment
Loans issued
Repayments of loans issued
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Proceeds from divestitures of restaurants
Other
Net cash used in investing activities
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of term loan
Repayments of term loan
Net (repayments) proceeds of revolving credit facility
Debt issuance costs
Cash dividends paid
Tax payments for equity award issuances
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Acquisition of Company common stock
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders
Other
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
See accompanying notes.
$
58
Year ended
December 31, December 25, December 27,
2016
2017
2015
$ 106,525 $ 109,092 $
81,964
29
43,668
498
10,413
—
1,674
3,375
(7,358)
(1,531)
(5,485)
(4,414)
(1,158)
(742)
(8,743)
1,897
(3,012)
(661)
134,975
(52,593)
(8,103)
4,185
(21)
—
34
(56,498)
409
40,987
11,624
10,123
(11,572)
1,350
3,337
1,557
4,100
(3,639)
(3,826)
616
(6,269)
(916)
9
(7,960)
1,235
150,257
(55,554)
(3,210)
8,569
(13,352)
16,844
429
(46,274)
1,232
40,307
(6,246)
9,423
—
—
4,633
(9,179)
19,406
4,967
(2,425)
829
620
4,804
(1,113)
21,201
40
170,463
(38,972)
(4,741)
5,183
(922)
—
500
(38,952)
400,000
(5,000)
(225,575)
(3,181)
(30,720)
(2,428)
6,260
(209,586)
—
—
44,575
—
(27,896)
(6,024)
7,060
(122,381)
—
—
25,549
—
(24,844)
(10,965)
5,197
(119,793)
2,956
(5,449)
663
(72,060)
365
6,782
15,563
22,345 $
690
(5,610)
556
(109,030)
(396)
(5,443)
21,006
15,563 $
684
(6,550)
444
(130,278)
(349)
884
20,122
21,006
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Description of Business
Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s” or in the first person notations of “we,” “us”
and “our”) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants under the trademark “Papa John’s,” in all 50
states and in 44 international countries and territories as of December 31, 2017. Substantially all revenues are derived from
retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise
royalties, sales of franchise and development rights, and sales to franchisees of food and paper products, printing and
promotional items and information systems and related services used in their operations.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Papa John’s and its subsidiaries. All
intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Variable Interest Entity
Papa John’s domestic restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc.
(PJMF), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even for the purpose of designing and administering
advertising and promotional programs for all participating domestic restaurants. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”)
as it does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without ongoing financial support and contributions from its
members. Based on the ownership and governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, we have determined that
we do not have the power to direct the most significant activities of PJMF and are therefore not the primary beneficiary.
Accordingly, consolidation of PJMF is not appropriate.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in December of each year. All fiscal years presented consist of 52 weeks except
for the 2017 fiscal year, which consists of 53 weeks.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include
allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, intangible assets, online customer loyalty program obligation,
insurance reserves and tax reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions
that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Retail sales from Company-owned restaurants and franchise royalties, which are based on a percentage of franchise
restaurant sales, are recognized as revenues when the products are delivered to or carried out by customers. Franchise fees
are recognized when a franchised restaurant begins operations, at which time we have performed our obligations related
to such fees. Fees received pursuant to development agreements which grant the right to develop franchised restaurants in
future periods in specific geographic areas are deferred and recognized on a pro rata basis as franchised restaurants subject
to the development agreements begin operations.
59
The Company offers various incentive programs for franchisees including royalty incentives, new restaurant opening (i.e.
development incentives) and other various support initiatives. Royalties, franchise fees and commissary sales are reduced
to reflect any incentives earned or granted under these programs that are in the form of discounts. Direct mail advertising
discounts are also periodically offered. North America commissary and other sales are reduced to reflect these advertising
discounts. Other development incentives for opening restaurants are offered in the form of Company equipment through
a lease agreement at no cost. This equipment is amortized over the term of the lease agreement, which is generally three
years, and is recognized in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income.
North America commissary and other sales are comprised of food, promotional items and supplies sold to franchised
restaurants located in the United States and Canada and are recognized as revenue upon shipment of the related products
to the franchisees. Fees for information services, including software maintenance fees, help desk fees and online ordering
fees are recognized as revenue as such services are provided and are included in North America commissary and other
sales. Insurance commissions are recognized as revenue over the term of the policy period and are included in North
America commissary and other sales.
International revenues are comprised of Company-owned restaurant sales, royalties, franchise fees and revenues for the
production and distribution of food to international franchisees. Revenues are recognized consistently with the policies
applied for revenues generated in the United States.
See Recent Accounting Pronouncements for information on the impact of the adoption effective January 1, 2018, of the
new revenue recognition accounting guidance, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).
Advertising and Related Costs
Advertising and related costs of $72.3 million, $70.9 million and $67.2 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively,
include the costs of domestic Company-owned local restaurant activities such as mail coupons, door hangers and
promotional items and contributions to PJMF and various local market cooperative advertising funds (“Co-op Funds”).
Contributions by domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants to PJMF and the Co-op Funds are based on an
established percentage of monthly restaurant revenues. PJMF is responsible for developing and conducting marketing and
advertising for the domestic Papa John’s system. The Co-op Funds are responsible for developing and conducting
advertising activities in a specific market, including the placement of electronic and print materials developed by PJMF.
We recognize domestic Company-owned restaurant contributions to PJMF and the Co-op Funds in which we do not have
a controlling interest in the period in which the contribution accrues. The net assets of the Co-op Funds in which we
possess majority voting rights, and thus control the cooperatives, are included in our consolidated balance sheets.
Leases
Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected life of the lease term. A lease term often includes
option periods, available at the inception of the lease.
Stock-Based Compensation
Compensation expense for equity grants is estimated on the grant date, net of projected forfeitures, and is recognized over
the vesting period (generally in equal installments over three years). Restricted stock is valued based on the market price
of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. Stock options are valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Our
specific assumptions for estimating the fair value of options are included in Note 18.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less at date of purchase. These
investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
60
Accounts Receivable
Substantially all accounts receivable are due from franchisees for purchases of food, paper products, restaurant equipment,
printing and promotional items, information systems and related services, and royalties. Credit is extended based on an
evaluation of the franchisee’s financial condition and collateral is generally not required. A reserve for uncollectible
accounts is established as deemed necessary based upon overall accounts receivable aging levels and a specific review of
accounts for franchisees with known financial difficulties. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after
recovery efforts have ceased.
Notes Receivable
The Company provides financing to select franchisees principally for use in the construction and development of their
restaurants and for the purchase of restaurants from the Company or other franchisees. Notes receivable bear interest at
fixed or floating rates and are generally secured by the assets of each restaurant and the ownership interests in the franchise.
We establish an allowance based on a review of each borrower’s economic performance and underlying collateral value.
Note balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.
Inventories
Inventories, which consist of food products, paper goods and supplies, smallwares, and printing and promotional items,
are stated at the lower of cost, determined under the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the assets (generally five to ten years for restaurant, commissary and other equipment, 20 to 40 years for buildings
and improvements, and five years for technology and communication assets). Leasehold improvements are amortized over
the terms of the respective leases, including the first renewal period (generally five to ten years).
Depreciation expense was $42.6 million in 2017 and $39.7 million in 2016 and 2015.
Deferred Costs
We defer certain information systems development and related costs that meet established criteria. Amounts deferred,
which are included in property and equipment, are amortized principally over periods not exceeding five years beginning
in the month subsequent to completion of the related information systems project. Total costs deferred were approximately
$4.1 million in 2017, $2.9 million in 2016 and $2.6 million in 2015. The unamortized information systems development
costs approximated $11.1 million and $9.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively.
Intangible Assets — Goodwill
We evaluate goodwill annually in the fourth quarter or whenever we identify certain triggering events or circumstances
that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such tests are
completed separately with respect to the goodwill of each of our reporting units, which includes our domestic Company-
owned restaurants, China and the United Kingdom (“PJUK”) operations. We may perform a qualitative assessment or
move directly to the quantitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period if we believe that it is more efficient or if
impairment indicators exist.
We elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our domestic Company-owned restaurants, China and PJUK reporting
units in 2017. As a result of our qualitative analyses, we determined that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair values
of our reporting units were greater than their carrying amounts. Subsequent to completing our goodwill impairment tests,
no indicators of impairment were identified. See Note 8 for additional information.
61
Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in
determining Papa John’s provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes
includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate
based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. Discrete items are recorded in
the quarter in which they occur.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets
and liabilities, and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences
reverse. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net
operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates is recognized
in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional
basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted, significantly decreasing the U.S. federal
income tax rate for corporations effective January 1, 2018. As a result, we remeasured our deferred tax assets, liabilities
and related valuation allowances. This remeasurement yielded a one-time benefit of approximately $7.0 million due to
the lower income tax rate. Given the substantial changes associated with the Tax Act, the estimated financial impacts for
2017 are provisional and subject to further interpretation and clarification of the Tax Act during 2018. See “Items
Impacting Comparability” and Note 2 for additional information. As of December 31, 2017, we had a net deferred income
tax liability of approximately $12.0 million.
Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified
exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues and adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations,
court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures. We recognized decreases
in income tax expense of $1.7 million and $729,000 in 2017 and 2016, respectively, and an increase in income tax expense
of $731,000 in 2015 associated with the finalization of certain income tax matters. See Note 15 for additional information.
Insurance Reserves
Our insurance programs for workers’ compensation, owned and non-owned automobiles, general liability, property, and
health insurance coverage provided to our employees are funded by the Company up to certain retention levels under our
retention programs. Retention limits generally range from $100,000 to $1.0 million.
Losses are accrued based upon undiscounted estimates of the liability for claims incurred using certain third-party actuarial
projections and our claims loss experience. The estimated insurance claims losses could be significantly affected should
the frequency or ultimate cost of claims differ significantly from historical trends used to estimate the insurance reserves
recorded by the Company. See Note 12 for additional information on our insurance reserves.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. At inception and on an ongoing basis, we assess whether
each derivative that qualifies for hedge accounting continues to be highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows
of the hedged item. If the derivative meets the hedge criteria as defined by certain accounting standards, depending on the
nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of assets,
liabilities or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) until
the hedged item is recognized in earnings.
We recognized income of $1.4 million ($0.9 million after tax) in 2017, income of $1.5 million ($0.9 million after tax) in
2016 and a loss of $1.8 million ($1.2 million after tax) in 2015, in other comprehensive income/(loss) for the net change
in the fair value of our interest rate swaps. See Note 9 for additional information on our debt and credit arrangements.
62
Noncontrolling Interests
The Company has five joint ventures in which there are noncontrolling interests. Consolidated net income is required to
be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest. Additionally, disclosures
are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent company and the interests of the
noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the consolidated statements of income attributable to the
noncontrolling interest holder.
The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the consolidated balance sheets
for these joint venture arrangements:
Type of Joint Venture Arrangement
Location within the
Balance Sheets
Recorded Value
Joint venture with no redemption feature
Option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest -
currently redeemable
Option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not
currently redeemable
Permanent equity Carrying value
Temporary equity Redemption value*
Temporary equity Carrying value
* The change in redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” and “Retained
earnings” in the consolidated balance sheets.
See Note 6 for additional information regarding noncontrolling interests.
Foreign Currency Translation
The local currency is the functional currency for each of our foreign subsidiaries. Revenues and expenses are translated
into U.S. dollars using monthly average exchange rates, while assets and liabilities are translated using year-end exchange
rates. The resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss) (“AOCL”) net of income taxes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Deferred Debt Issuance Costs
In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASU”)
2015-03 “Interest – Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). The
update required that deferred debt issuance costs be reported as a reduction to long-term debt (previously reported in other
noncurrent assets). We adopted ASU 2015-03 in 2016 and for all retrospective periods, as required. The impact of the
adoption was not material to our consolidated financial statements.
Employee Share-Based Payments
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-
09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-
09”). The guidance simplified the accounting and financial reporting of the income tax impact of stock-based compensation
arrangements. This guidance requires excess tax benefits to be recorded as a discrete item within income tax expense
rather than additional paid-in capital. In addition, excess tax benefits are required to be classified as cash from operating
activities rather than cash from financing activities.
63
The Company adopted this guidance as of the beginning of fiscal 2017. The Company elected to apply the cash flow
guidance of ASU 2016-09 retrospectively to all prior periods. The impact of retrospectively applying this guidance to the
consolidated statement of cash flows was a $6.2 million and $10.2 million increase in net cash provided by operating
activities and a corresponding increase in net cash used in financing activities for the years ended December 25, 2016 and
December 27, 2015, respectively. The Company elected to continue to estimate forfeitures, as permitted by ASU 2016-
09, rather than electing to account for forfeitures as they occur.
Hedging
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) Targeted Improvements to
Accounting for Hedging Activities” (“ASU 2017-12”) which intends to better align an entity's risk management activities
and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for
qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendment attempts to simplify the application
of hedge accounting guidance. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal
years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 in the
fourth quarter of 2017. The impact of the adoption was not material to our consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” (“ASU 2016-02”), which amends leasing guidance by
requiring companies to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating and capital leases (financing)
with lease terms greater than twelve months. The lease liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The
lease asset will be based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. For income statement
purposes, leases will continue to be classified as operating or capital (financing) with lease expense in both cases calculated
substantially the same as under the prior leasing guidance. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2018 (fiscal 2019 for the Company), and early adoption is permitted. The Company has not
yet determined the full impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements but expect the adoption will result
in a significant increase in the non-current assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheet. Operating
leases comprise the majority of our current lease portfolio at the end of fiscal 2017. We had operating leases with remaining
rental payments of approximately $214.1 million and future expected sublease rental income of $79.6 million. See Note
17 for additional information regarding leases.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), a
comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance
under GAAP. This update requires companies to recognize revenue at amounts that reflect the consideration to which the
company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services at the time of transfer. In doing so, companies will
need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under existing guidance. Such areas may include identifying
performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price
and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. Companies can either apply a full
retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption. In March and April 2016, the FASB issued the following
amendments to clarify the implementation guidance: ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” and ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from
Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing”.
We do not believe the standards will materially impact the recognition and reporting of our three largest sources of revenue:
sales from Company-owned restaurants, commissary sales, or our continuing royalties or other fees from franchisees that
are based on a percentage of the franchise sales. We have concluded that the most significant items to be impacted are the
presentation and amount of our loyalty program costs (including a change to a deferred revenue approach from the
incremental cost accrual model), the timing of franchise and development fees revenue recognition and the presentation
of various Domestic co-operative and International advertising funds (reporting of gross revenues and expenses versus
historical net presentation).
64
We will adopt the new revenue guidance effective January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method of adoption
by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standards as a decrease to the opening balance of retained
earnings. We expect the adjustment before income tax effects to be between $20.0 million and $25.0 million.
Reclassification
Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the current
year presentation.
Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued and filed. See Note 7 for
information regarding divestitures. There were no other subsequent events that require recognition or disclosure.
3. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Shares Authorized and Outstanding
The Company has authorized 5.0 million shares of preferred stock and 100.0 million shares of common stock. The
Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, net of repurchased common stock, were 33.9 million shares at December
31, 2017 and 36.7 million shares at December 25, 2016. There were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding at
December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016.
Share Repurchase Program
Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $2.075 billion of common stock under a share repurchase
program that began on December 9, 1999 and expires on February 27, 2019. Funding for the share repurchase program
has been provided through a credit facility, operating cash flow, stock option exercises and cash and cash equivalents.
We repurchased 3.0 million, 2.1 million and 1.8 million shares of our common stock for $209.6 million, $122.4 million
and $119.8 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Subsequent to year end through February 20, 2018, the Company acquired an additional 546,000 shares at an aggregate
cost of $32.7 million. As of February 20, 2018, $395.0 million was available for repurchase of common stock under this
authorization.
Cash Dividend
The Company paid dividends of $30.7 million in 2017, $27.9 million in 2016 and $24.8 million in 2015. Subsequent to
fiscal 2017, our Board of Directors declared a first quarter 2018 cash dividend of $0.225 per share, or approximately $7.6
million. The dividend was paid on February 23, 2018 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 12,
2018.
4. Earnings per Share
We compute earnings per share using the two-class method. The two-class method requires an earnings allocation formula
that determines earnings per share for common shareholders and participating security holders according to dividends
declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. We consider time-based restricted stock awards to be
participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights. Under the two-class method,
undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income attributable to the Company in
determining net income attributable to common shareholders.
65
Additionally, in accordance with ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity”, the increase in the redemption value
for the noncontrolling interest of one of our joint ventures reduces income attributable to common shareholders (and a
decrease in redemption value increases income attributable to common shareholders).
Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the
weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing the net
income attributable to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted
weighted average common shares outstanding consists of basic weighted average common shares outstanding plus
weighted average awards outstanding under our equity compensation plans, which are dilutive securities.
The calculations of basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December
31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and December 27, 2015 are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Basic earnings per common share:
Net income attributable to the Company
Change in noncontrolling interest redemption value
Net income attributable to participating securities
Net income attributable to common shareholders
2017
2016
2015
$
$
102,292 $
1,419
(423)
103,288 $
102,820 $
567
(420)
102,967 $
75,682
65
(325)
75,422
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic earnings per common share
36,083
37,253
$
2.86 $
2.76 $
39,458
1.91
Diluted earnings per common share:
Net income attributable to common shareholders
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
Diluted earnings per common share
$
103,288 $
102,967 $
75,422
36,083
439
36,522
37,253
355
37,608
$
2.83 $
2.74 $
39,458
542
40,000
1.89
Shares subject to options to purchase common stock with an exercise price greater than the average market price for the
year were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the effect would have been
antidilutive. The weighted average number of shares subject to antidilutive options was 278,000 in 2017, 331,000 in 2016
and 251,000 in 2015.
See Note 6 for additional information regarding our noncontrolling interests and Note 18 for equity awards, including
restricted stock.
5. Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
We are required to determine the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to
sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an
entity specific measurement. The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the
short-term nature of the accounts, including cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The carrying value of our
notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The fair value of the amount outstanding under our
revolving credit facility approximates its carrying value due to its variable market-based interest rate. These assets and
liabilities are categorized as Level 1 as defined below.
66
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis and are required to be
classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:
• Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
• Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
• Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and
December 25, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):
Carrying
Fair Value Measurements
Value
Level 1
Level 2 Level 3
December 31, 2017
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)
Interest rate swaps (b)
$ 28,645 $ 28,645 $
651
—
— $ —
—
651
December 25, 2016
Financial assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a)
$ 21,690 $ 21,690 $
— $ —
Financial liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (b)
770
—
770
—
(a) Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.
(b) The fair values of our interest rate swaps are based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future
cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors,
and projected London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”).
Our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and December
25, 2016 include assets held for sale. The fair value was determined using a market-based approach with unobservable
inputs (Level 3). We recorded impairment losses of $1.7 million and $1.4 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively, which
represents the excess of the carrying value over the fair value; the impairment is recorded in refranchising and impairment
gains/(losses), net in the consolidated statements of income.
There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during fiscal 2017 or 2016.
6. Noncontrolling Interests
Papa John’s has five joint ventures in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties. These joint ventures
included 246 restaurants as of December 31, 2017, 222 restaurants at December 25, 2016, and 213 restaurants at December
27, 2015. The income before income taxes attributable to these joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2017,
December 25, 2016 and December 27, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):
Papa John’s International, Inc.
Noncontrolling interests
Total income before income taxes
2017
2016
2015
$ 7,181 $
4,233
9,913 $ 9,725
6,282
6,272
$ 11,414 $ 16,185 $ 16,007
67
The noncontrolling interest holders of two joint ventures have the option to require the Company to purchase their interests.
Since redemption of the noncontrolling interests is outside of the Company’s control, the noncontrolling interests are
presented in the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following summarizes changes in our redeemable noncontrolling interests in 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
Balance at December 27, 2015
Net income
Distributions
Change in redemption value
Balance at December 25, 2016
Net income
Distributions
Change in redemption value
Balance at December 31, 2017
7. Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisitions
$
$
8,363
3,665
(3,000)
(567)
8,461
2,195
(2,499)
(1,419)
6,738
$
There were no significant acquisitions in 2017. We acquired restaurants from our domestic franchisees in 2016 and 2015,
which are summarized as follows:
Number of restaurants acquired
Location of restaurants acquired
Purchase price (in thousands):
Cash payment
Cancellation of accounts and notes receivable
Total purchase price
Final fair value allocation of purchase price (in thousands):
Property and equipment
Franchise rights
Goodwill
Other
Total purchase price
2016
25
2015
7
Florida, Alabama
Georgia, Texas
and Kentucky
North Carolina
Missouri and
Colorado
$
$
$
$
13,352
406
13,758
1,362
2,092
10,166
138
13,758
$
$
$
$
922
—
922
648
113
152
9
922
The restaurant acquisitions described above were accounted for by the purchase method of accounting, whereby operating
results subsequent to the acquisition date are included in our consolidated financial results. The excess of the purchase
price over the aggregate fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill for the domestic Company-owned
restaurants segment and is eligible for deduction over 15 years under U.S. tax regulations.
68
Divestitures
In September 2015, the Company decided to refranchise the China Company-owned market and is planning a sale of its
existing China operations, consisting of 35 Company-owned restaurants and a commissary. At that time, we classified the
assets as held for sale within the consolidated balance sheet. In 2017, based on the intent to divest all assets and liabilities,
we have classified the liabilities as held for sale within the consolidated balance sheet. The Company expects to sell the
business during 2018; upon completion of the sale, the Company will not have any Company-owned international
restaurants. In both 2017 and 2016, we recorded impairment of $1.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, as we
determined that the fair value was less than the carrying value of the associated assets, including the related goodwill. This
amount is included in the refranchising and impairment gains/(losses), net in the consolidated statements of income. See
Note 5 for additional information on the determination of fair value on the assets held for sale.
The following summarizes the associated assets and liabilities that are classified as held for sale (in thousands):
Cash
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Net property and equipment
Other assets
Valuation allowance
Total assets held for sale
Accounts payable
Accrued and other liabilities
Total liabilities held for sale
$
$
December 31, 2017
908
505
570
4,878
946
(1,674)
6,133 $
$
$
$
1,817 $
470
2,287 $
December 25, 2016
—
621
517
4,767
568
(216)
6,257
—
—
—
Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to refranchise
31 stores owned through a joint venture in the Denver, Colorado market for a sale price of $4.5 million. The Company
holds a 60% ownership share in the stores being refranchised. We do not expect the divestiture to result in a significant
refranchising gain or loss. The divestiture was effective February 26, 2018.
8. Goodwill and Other Intangibles
The following summarizes changes in the Company’s goodwill, by reporting segment (in thousands):
Balance as of December 27, 2015
Acquisitions (b)
Divestitures (c)
Adjustment to assets held for sale (d)
Foreign currency adjustments
Balance as of December 25, 2016
Foreign currency adjustments
Balance as of December 31, 2017
Domestic
Company-
owned
Restaurants International (a) All Others
Total
$ 62,363 $
10,166
(2,481)
—
—
70,048
—
$ 70,048 $
16,858 $
—
—
979
(2,792)
15,045
1,363
16,408 $
—
—
—
—
436
—
436 $ 79,657
10,166
(2,481)
979
(2,792)
85,529
1,363
436 $ 86,892
(a) The international goodwill balances for all years presented are net of accumulated impairment of $2.3 million
associated with our PJUK reporting unit, which was recorded in fiscal 2008.
69
(b) Includes 25 restaurants located in four domestic markets.
(c) Includes 42 restaurants located in one domestic market.
(d) Represents goodwill associated with the Company-owned China market. The goodwill was removed from the China
reporting unit and reclassified to assets held for sale, along with the other associated assets, in 2015 using a relative
fair value approach. Based on an updated fair value analysis, the goodwill allocation was updated in 2016 and adjusted
accordingly. See Note 7 for additional information.
For fiscal years 2017 and 2016, we performed a qualitative analysis for our domestic Company-owned restaurants, China,
and PJUK reporting units. For fiscal year 2015, we performed a qualitative analysis for our domestic Company-owned
restaurants and our PJUK reporting unit and a quantitative analysis for our China reporting unit. No impairment charges
were recorded upon the completion of our goodwill impairment tests in 2015, 2016 and 2017, excluding the China goodwill
allocated to assets held for sale in 2016.
As part of our acquisitions of franchise restaurants, the Company records an intangible asset for the value of the franchise
rights that are acquired. The intangible is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the remaining franchise
agreement as of the date of acquisition. As of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, the intangible was
approximately $1.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, net of accumulated amortization of $1.4 million and $800,000,
respectively. Amortization expense related to the intangible was approximately $600,000 for the period ended December
31, 2017, $400,000 for the period ended December 25, 2016, and $200,000 for the period ended December 27, 2015.
9. Debt and Credit Arrangements
Long-term debt, net consists of the following (in thousands):
Outstanding debt
Unamortized debt issuance costs
Current portion of long-term debt
Total long-term debt, less current portion, net
December 31,
2017
December 25,
2016
$
$
470,000 $
(3,435)
(20,000)
446,565 $
300,575
(755)
-
299,820
Our outstanding debt of $470.0 million at December 31, 2017 represented amounts outstanding under a new credit
agreement. On August 30, 2017, we entered into a new credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) replacing the previous
$500.0 million credit facility (“Previous Credit Facility”). The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured revolving
credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million (the “Revolving Facility”) and an unsecured term loan
facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility” and together with the Revolving
Facility, the “Facilities”). Additionally, we have the option to increase the Revolving Facility or the Term Loan Facility
in an aggregate amount of up to $300.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Our outstanding debt as of December 31,
2017 under the Facilities was $470.0 million, which was comprised of $395.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan
and $75.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Facility. Including outstanding letters of credit, the remaining
availability under the Facilities was approximately $493.0 million as of December 31, 2017. In connection with the Credit
Agreement, the Company capitalized $3.2 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense,
over the term of the Facilities. Total unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $3.4 million were netted against
debt as of December 31, 2017.
Loans under the Facilities accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus
a margin ranging from 75 to 200 basis points or a base rate (generally determined by a prime rate, federal funds rate or a
LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) plus a margin ranging from 0 to 100 basis points. In each case, the actual margin is determined
according to a ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
(“EBITDA“) for the then most recently ended four quarter period (the “Leverage Ratio”). The Previous Credit Facility
accrued interest based on the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 75 to 175 basis points. An unused commitment fee
at a rate ranging from 15 to 30 basis points per annum, determined according to the Leverage Ratio, applies to the unutilized
commitments under the Revolving Facility; the unused commitment fee under the Previous Credit Facility was 15 to 25
basis points. Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty,
70
subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings for which a LIBOR rate election is in effect. Up to $35.0
million of the Revolving Facility may be advanced in certain agreed foreign currencies, including Euros, Pounds Sterling,
Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, and Mexican Pesos.
The Facilities mature on August 30, 2022. Quarterly amortization payments are required to be made on the Term Loan
Facility in the amount of $5.0 million beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017. The obligations under the Credit Agreement
are guaranteed by certain direct and indirect material subsidiaries of the Company.
The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants requiring the
maintenance of specified fixed charges and leverage ratios. At December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with these
covenants.
We attempt to minimize interest risk exposure by fixing our rate through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are
derivative financial instruments. Our swaps are entered into with financial institutions that participate in our Credit
Agreement. By using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit
risk. Credit risk is due to the possible failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract.
As of December 31, 2017, we have the following interest rate swap agreements, including three forward starting swaps
executed in 2015 that will become effective in 2018 upon expiration of the two existing swaps for $125 million. In
addition, we executed four additional interest rate swaps in 2017 for $275 million, which became effective on January 30,
2018.
Effective Dates
July 30, 2013 through April 30, 2018
December 30, 2014 through April 30, 2018
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
April 30, 2018 through April 30, 2023
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
January 30, 2018 through August 30, 2022
Floating Rate Debt Fixed Rates
75 million
$
50 million
$
55 million
$
35 million
$
35 million
$
$ 100 million
75 million
$
75 million
$
25 million
$
1.42 %
1.36 %
2.33 %
2.36 %
2.34 %
1.99 %
1.99 %
2.00 %
1.99 %
The effective portion of the gain or loss on the swaps is recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) and reclassified
into earnings in the same period or periods during which the swaps affect earnings. Gains or losses on the swaps
representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.
Amounts payable or receivable under the swaps are accounted for as adjustments to interest expense.
The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our swaps in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements (in thousands):
Balance Sheet Location
Interest Rate Swap Derivatives
Fair Value
December 31,
2017
Fair Value
December 25,
2016
Other current and long-term assets
Other current and long-term liabilities
$
$
651
—
$
$
—
770
There were no derivatives that were not designated as hedging instruments.
71
The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):
Derivatives -
Cash Flow
Hedging
Relationships
Amount of Gain
or (Loss) Recognized
in AOCL on Derivative
Location of Gain
or (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCL into
Income
Amount of Gain
or (Loss)
Reclassified
from AOCL into
Income
Total Interest Expense
on Consolidated
Statements of
Income
Interest rate swaps:
2017
2016
2015
$
$
$
891
940
(1,163)
Interest expense
Interest expense
Interest expense
$
$
$
(421) $
(1,161) $
(1,563) $
(11,283)
(7,397)
(5,676)
The weighted average interest rates on our debt, including the impact of the interest rate swap agreements, were 2.7%,
2.1% and 2.0% in fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Interest paid, including payments made or received under the
swaps, was $10.8 million in 2017, $7.1 million in 2016 and $5.3 million in 2015. As of December 31, 2017, the portion
of the $651,000 interest rate swap asset that would be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as interest
income approximates $281,000.
10. Net Property and Equipment
Net property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
December 31, December 25,
$
2017
33,994 $
91,809
125,204
378,509
10,983
640,499
(406,168)
2016
34,009
90,892
112,815
357,242
22,399
617,357
(386,884)
$ 234,331 $ 230,473
Land
Buildings and improvements
Leasehold improvements
Equipment and other
Construction in progress
Total property and equipment
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Net property and equipment
72
11. Notes Receivable
Selected domestic and international franchisees have borrowed funds from the Company, principally for use in the
construction and development of their restaurants. We have also entered into loan agreements with certain franchisees that
purchased restaurants from us or from other franchisees. Loans outstanding were approximately $19.9 million and $13.6
million on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively, net of allowance for
doubtful accounts.
Notes receivable bear interest at fixed or floating rates and are generally secured by the assets of each restaurant and the
ownership interests in the franchisee. The carrying amounts of the loans approximate fair value. Interest income recorded
on franchisee loans was approximately $579,000 in 2017, $684,000 in 2016 and $731,000 in 2015 and is reported in
investment income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Based on our review of certain borrowers’ economic performance and underlying collateral value, we established
allowances of $1.0 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively, for potentially
uncollectible notes receivable. The following summarizes changes in our notes receivable allowance for doubtful accounts
(in thousands):
Balance as of December 27, 2015
Recovered from costs and expenses
Deductions, including notes written off
Balance as of December 25, 2016
Recovered from costs and expenses
Additions, net of notes written off
Balance as of December 31, 2017
12. Insurance Reserves
The following table summarizes changes in our insurance program reserves (in thousands):
Balance as of December 27, 2015
Additions
Payments
Balance as of December 25, 2016
Additions
Payments
Balance as of December 31, 2017
$ 3,653
(250)
(644)
2,759
(1,715)
3
$ 1,047
$
$
30,550
42,508
(37,615)
35,443
47,032
(40,633)
41,842
We are a party to standby letters of credit with off-balance sheet risk associated with our insurance programs. The total
amount committed under letters of credit for these programs was $31.9 million at December 31, 2017.
73
13. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Salaries, benefits and bonuses
Insurance reserves, current
Purchases
Customer loyalty program
Rent
Marketing
Deposits
Utilities
Consulting and professional fees
Legal costs
Other
Total
14. Other Long-term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Deferred compensation plan
Insurance reserves
Accrued rent
Other
Total
15. Income Taxes
A summary of the provision for income taxes follows (in thousands):
December 31, December 25,
2017
15,365 $
19,847
11,364
4,276
3,794
1,481
3,091
1,382
1,134
804
7,755
70,293 $
2016
26,623
16,993
13,909
3,339
3,073
1,883
1,771
1,420
999
675
6,104
76,789
$
$
December 31, December 25,
2017
28,690 $
21,995
7,129
2,332
60,146 $
2016
22,047
18,450
6,337
6,259
53,093
$
$
Current:
Federal
Foreign
State and local
Deferred
Total
2017
2016
2015
$ 28,951 $ 32,477 $ 36,077
4,183
2,669
3,169
2,947
(6,246)
11,624
$ 33,817 $ 49,717 $ 37,183
4,602
(234)
498
74
Significant deferred tax assets (liabilities) follow (in thousands):
Accrued liabilities
Accrued bonuses
Other assets and liabilities
Equity awards
Other
Foreign net operating losses
Foreign tax credit carryforwards
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance on foreign net operating and capital losses,
foreign deferred tax assets, and foreign tax credit carryforwards
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances
Deferred expenses
Accelerated depreciation
Goodwill
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred liability
December 31, December 25,
$
2017
11,378 $
192
7,913
5,690
2,178
2,773
4,707
34,831
2016
14,479
5,399
12,434
7,704
3,716
3,418
2,347
49,497
(7,415)
27,416
(5,462)
44,035
(6,912)
(19,228)
(12,248)
(989)
(39,377)
$ (11,961) $
(9,544)
(25,072)
(18,480)
(217)
(53,313)
(9,278)
The Company had approximately $9.4 million and $14.5 million of foreign net operating loss carryovers as of December
31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively. The Company had approximately $2.1 million and $3.1 million of
valuation allowances primarily related to these foreign net operating losses as of December 31, 2017 and December 25,
2016, respectively. A substantial majority of our foreign net operating losses do not have an expiration date.
In addition, the Company had approximately $4.7 million in foreign tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 that
expire 10 years from inception, or 2025. Our ability to utilize these foreign tax credit carryforwards is dependent on our
ability to generate foreign earnings in future years sufficient to claim foreign tax credits in excess of foreign taxes paid in
those years. The Company provided a full valuation allowance of $4.7 million for these foreign tax credit carryforwards
as we believe realization based on the more-likely-than-not criteria has not been met as of December 31, 2017.
75
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense for the years ended
December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and December 27, 2015 is as follows in both dollars and as a percentage of income
before income taxes ($ in thousands):
Tax at U.S. federal statutory rate
State and local income taxes
Foreign income taxes
Income of consolidated partnerships
attributable to noncontrolling interests
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan
(income) loss
Excess tax benefits on equity awards
Remeasurement of deferred taxes
Tax credits
Other
Total
2017
2016
2015
Income Tax
Expense
Income
Tax Rate
Income Tax
Expense
Income
Tax Rate
Income Tax
Expense
Income
Tax Rate
$ 49,120
2,432
5,306
35.0 % $
1.7 %
3.8 %
55,583
2,972
3,143
35.0 % $ 41,702
2,106
2,432
1.9 %
2.0 %
35.0 %
1.8 %
2.0 %
(1,554)
(1.1) %
(2,312)
(1.4) %
(2,311)
(1.9) %
(1,236)
(1,879)
(7,020)
(6,909)
(4,443)
$ 33,817
(0.9) %
(1.4) %
(5.0) %
(4.9) %
(3.1) %
24.1 % $
(428)
—
—
(6,771)
(2,470)
49,717
218
(0.3) %
—
— %
—
— %
(4,846)
(4.3) %
(1.6) %
(2,118)
31.3 % $ 37,183
0.2 %
— %
— %
(4.1) %
(1.8) %
31.2 %
Income taxes paid were $37.2 million in 2017, $35.1 million in 2016 and $23.3 million in 2015.
The decrease in the effective income tax rate in 2017 is primarily attributable to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,
(the “Tax Act”) which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act contains substantial changes to the
Internal Revenue Code, including a reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Upon
enactment, 2017 deferred tax assets and liabilities were remeasured. This remeasurement yielded a one-time benefit of
approximately $7.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017. Given the substantial changes associated with the Tax Act, the
estimated financial impacts for 2017 are provisional and subject to further interpretation and clarification of the Tax Act
during 2018. See “Items Impacting Comparability” and Note 2 for additional information.
In addition, 2017 also includes the favorable impact of adopting the new guidance for share-based compensation. This
guidance requires excess tax benefits recognized on stock based awards to be recorded as a reduction of income tax expense
rather than equity. See “Items Impacting Comparability” and Note 2 for additional information.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The
Company, with few exceptions, is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations
by tax authorities for years before 2013. The Company is currently undergoing examinations by various tax authorities.
The Company anticipates that the finalization of these current examinations and other issues could result in a decrease in
the liability for unrecognized tax benefits (and a decrease of income tax expense) of approximately $337,000 during the
next 12 months.
76
The Company had $2.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017 which, if recognized, would affect the
effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest
and penalties is as follows, which is recorded as an other long-term liability (in thousands):
Balance at December 27, 2015
Additions for tax positions of current year
Additions for tax positions of prior years
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations
Balance at December 25, 2016
Additions for tax positions of current year
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
5,670
126
183
(1,152)
4,827
134
(2,862)
(71)
2,028
$
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense.
The Company’s 2017 and 2016 income tax expense includes interest benefits of $416,000 and $278,000, respectively. The
Company has accrued approximately $124,000 and $544,000 for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31,
2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively.
16. Related Party Transactions
Certain of our officers own equity interests in entities that franchise restaurants. Following is a summary of full-year
transactions and year-end balances with franchisees owned by related parties (in thousands):
2017
2016
2015
Revenues from affiliates:
North America commissary sales and other sales
North America franchise royalties and fees
Total
$ 2,619 $ 2,620 $ 2,730
394
$ 3,395 $ 3,033 $ 3,124
413
776
Accounts receivable affiliates
Accounts payable affiliates
December 31, December 25,
2017
2016
$
$
86 $
— $
105
12
The revenues from affiliates were at rates and terms available to independent franchisees.
We paid $446,000 in 2017, $732,000 in 2016 and $653,000 in 2015 for charter aircraft services provided by an entity
owned by our Founder and Chairman.
We had the following transactions with PJMF:
• PJMF reimbursed Papa John’s $1.6 million, $1.1 million and $841,000 in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively,
for certain costs associated with national pizza giveaways awarded to our online loyalty program customers.
• PJMF reimbursed Papa John’s $1.3 million in 2017 and $1.4 million in 2016 and 2015 for certain
administrative services (i.e., marketing, accounting, and information services), graphic design services,
services and expenses of our founder as brand spokesman, and for software maintenance fees.
77
17. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including those specifically
identified below, consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the
ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450 “Contingencies,” the Company has made accruals with respect
to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s financial statements. We review these provisions
at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal
counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
Perrin v. Papa John’s International, Inc. and Papa John’s USA, Inc. was a conditionally certified collective and class
action filed in August 2009 in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Missouri (“the Court”), alleging that
delivery drivers were not properly reimbursed for mileage and expenses in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act
(“FLSA”). Approximately 3,900 drivers out of a potential class size of 28,800 opted into the action. In December 2013,
the Court granted a motion for class certification in five additional states, which added approximately 15,000 plaintiffs to
the case. Though the Company denied any wrongdoing in this matter, the parties reached a settlement in principle, which
was preliminarily approved by the Court in September 2015. With the preliminary settlement agreement, the Company
recorded an expense of $12.3 million in June 2015 under the provisions of ASC 450, Contingencies. This amount is
separately reported as a legal settlement in the consolidated statements of income. The Court issued its final order
approving the settlement on January 12, 2016 and payments were distributed. The settlement amount was finalized and
paid in 2016 and the expense was adjusted accordingly with a reduction of approximately $900,000.
Leases
We lease office, retail and commissary space under operating leases, which have an average term of five years and provide
for at least one renewal. Certain leases further provide that the lease payments may be increased annually based on the
fixed rate terms or adjustable terms such as the Consumer Price Index. We also lease the tractors and trailers used by our
distribution subsidiary, (“PJFS”), for an average period of seven years. PJUK, our subsidiary located in the United
Kingdom, also leases certain retail space, which is primarily subleased to our franchisees. Beginning in 2016, we reported
this sublease rental income on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of income. Prior to 2016, this sublease rental
income was reported on a net basis with lease expense. Total sublease payments for sites to our franchisees and other third
parties, the majority of which were with PJUK, were $7.4 million, $7.5 million and $6.5 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015,
respectively.
Total lease expense was $45.0 million in 2017 and in 2016. Total lease expense, net of sublease payments received, was
$36.2 million in 2015.
Future lease costs and future expected sublease payments as of December 31, 2017, are as follows (in thousands):
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter
Total
Gross Lease
Costs
45,421
38,807
30,956
24,756
17,896
56,234
214,070
$
$
Future
Expected
Sublease
Payments
$
$
8,072
7,969
7,672
7,307
6,972
41,568
79,560
The Company’s headquarters facility is leased under a capital lease arrangement with the City of Jeffersontown, Kentucky
in connection with the issuance of $80.2 million in Industrial Revenue Bonds. The bonds are held 100% by the Company
78
and, accordingly, the bond obligation and investment and related interest income and expense are eliminated in the
consolidated financial statements resulting in the Company’s net investment cost being reported in net property and
equipment.
Our Quality Control Center in Georgia is leased under a capital lease arrangement with Acworth, GA/Cherokee County in
connection with a tax abatement incentive involving the sale and lease back of equipment between PJFS and the Cherokee
County Development Authority. The arrangement is structured so that no cash will be exchanged and no lease payments
are externally due. The assets associated with the lease arrangement are recorded within the Company’s consolidated
balance sheet.
As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain
restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of approximately 49 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms,
the latest of which expires in 2022. As of December 31, 2017, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments
the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $4.4 million. The fair
value of the guarantee is not material.
18. Equity Compensation
We award stock options, time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units from time to time under
the Papa John’s International, Inc. 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
There are approximately 6.6 million shares of common stock authorized for issuance and remaining available under the
2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2017. Option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the
market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017 generally expire
ten years from the date of grant and generally vest over a three-year period.
We recorded stock-based employee compensation expense of $10.4 million in 2017, $10.1 million in 2016 and $9.4 million
in 2015. The total related income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated income statement was $3.8 million in 2017,
$3.7 million in 2016 and $3.5 million in 2015. At December 31, 2017, there was $8.0 million of unrecognized
compensation cost related to nonvested option awards, time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock
units, of which the Company expects to recognize $5.9 million in 2018, $1.9 million in 2019 and $200,000 in 2020.
Stock Options
Options exercised, which were issued from authorized shares, included 147,000 shares in 2017, 478,000 shares in 2016
and 441,000 shares in 2015. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised during 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $5.2 million,
$18.6 million and $20.3 million, respectively. Cash received upon the exercise of stock options was $6.3 million, $7.1
million and $5.2 million during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and the related tax benefits realized were approximately
$1.9 million, $6.9 million and $7.5 million during the corresponding periods.
79
Information pertaining to option activity during 2017 is as follows (number of options and aggregate intrinsic value in
thousands):
Weighted
Average
Weighted Remaining
Outstanding at December 25, 2016
Granted
Exercised
Cancelled
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Exercisable at December 31, 2017
Number Average
Exercise
Price
of
Options
1,316 $ 46.58
78.59
42.71
68.30
1,452 $ 53.43
800 $ 40.72
315
(147)
(32)
Contractual Aggregate
Intrinsic
Term
(In Years)
Value
7.07 $ 13,901
5.89 $ 13,901
The following is a summary of the significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of options granted in 2017,
2016 and 2015:
Assumptions (weighted average):
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividend yield
Expected volatility
Expected term (in years)
2017 2016 2015
2.0 % 1.3 % 1.6 %
1.0 % 1.2 % 0.9 %
26.7 % 27.4 % 28.5 %
5.5
5.6
5.5
The risk-free interest rate for the periods within the contractual life of an option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve
in effect at the time of grant. The expected dividend yield was estimated as the annual dividend divided by the market
price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. Expected volatility was estimated by using the Company’s historical
share price volatility for a period similar to the expected life of the option.
Options granted generally vest in equal installments over three years and expire ten years after grant. The expected term
for these options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding and was calculated using
historical experience.
The weighted average grant-date fair values of options granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $19.88, $13.96 and $16.93,
respectively. The Company granted options to purchase 315,000, 403,000 and 330,000 shares in 2017, 2016 and 2015,
respectively.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
We granted shares of restricted stock that are time-based and generally vest in equal installments over three years (73,000
in 2017, 85,000 in 2016 and 76,000 in 2015). Upon vesting, the shares are issued from treasury stock. These restricted
shares are intended to focus participants on our long-range objectives, while at the same time serving as a retention
mechanism. We consider time-based restricted stock awards to be participating securities because holders of such shares
have non-forfeitable dividend rights. We declared dividends totaling $128,000 ($0.85 per share) in 2017, $117,000 ($0.75
per share) in 2016 and $110,000 ($0.63 per share) in 2015 to holders of time-based restricted stock.
Additionally, we granted stock settled performance-based restricted stock units to executive management (13,000 in 2017,
14,000 in 2016, and 12,000 in 2015). The vesting of these awards (a three-year cliff vest) is dependent upon the Company’s
achievement of a compounded annual growth rate of earnings per share and the achievement of certain sales and unit
growth metrics. Upon vesting, the shares are issued from authorized shares.
80
The fair value of both time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units is based on the market price
of the Company’s shares on the grant date. Information pertaining to these awards during 2017 is as follows (shares in
thousands):
Total as of December 25, 2016
Granted
Incremental Performance Shares*
Forfeited
Vested
Total as of December 31, 2017
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Shares Fair Value
59.21
185
78.52
86
50.59
3
69.14
(7)
(86)
56.45
181 $ 69.11
* Additional shares from the 2014 performance-based restricted stock unit grant due to exceeding the initial 100% target
resulting in a 122% payout.
19. Employee Benefit Plans
We have established the Papa John’s International, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”), as a defined contribution benefit
plan, in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The 401(k) Plan is open to employees who meet
certain eligibility requirements and allows participating employees to defer receipt of a portion of their compensation and
contribute such amount to one or more investment funds. At our discretion, we may make matching contribution payments,
which are subject to vesting based on an employee’s length of service with us.
In addition, we maintain a non-qualified deferred compensation plan available to certain employees and directors. Under
this plan, the participants may defer a certain amount of their compensation, which is credited to the participants’ accounts.
The participant-directed investments associated with this plan are included in other long-term assets ($28.6 million and
$21.7 million at December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively) and the associated liabilities ($28.7 million and
$22.0 million at December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, respectively) are included in other long-term liabilities in
the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
At our discretion, we contributed a matching payment of 3%, up to a maximum of 6% deferred, in 2017, 2016 and 2015,
of a participating employee’s earnings deferred into both the 401(k) Plan and the non-qualified deferred compensation
plan. Such costs were $2.3 million in 2017, $2.6 million in 2016 and $1.5 million in 2015.
81
20. Segment Information
We have five reportable segments for all years presented: domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America
commissaries, North America franchising, international operations, and “all other” units. The domestic Company-owned
restaurant segment consists of the operations of all domestic (“domestic” is defined as contiguous United States) Company-
owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza and side items, including breadsticks,
cheesesticks, chicken poppers and wings, dessert items and canned or bottled beverages. The North America commissary
segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its
revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to domestic Company-owned and franchised
restaurants in the United States and Canada. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and
support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from
our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The international operations segment principally consists of our
Company-owned restaurants in China and distribution sales to franchised Papa John’s restaurants located in the United
Kingdom, Mexico and China and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise
and development rights and the collection of royalties from our international franchisees. International franchisees are
defined as all franchise operations outside of the United States and Canada. All other business units that do not meet the
quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as our “all
other” segment, which consists of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and
franchised restaurants, of printing and promotional items and information systems and related services used in restaurant
operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms.
Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes
and intercompany eliminations. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon
predetermined rates or actual estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales or transfers as if the sales or
transfers were to third parties and eliminate the activity in consolidation.
Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each
segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external
customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues. The accounting policies of the segments are the same
as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2).
82
Our segment information is as follows:
(In thousands)
Revenues
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
North America commissaries
North America franchising
International
All others
Total revenues
Intersegment revenues:
North America commissaries
North America franchising
International
All others
Total intersegment revenues
Depreciation and amortization:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
North America commissaries
International
All others
Unallocated corporate expenses
Total depreciation and amortization
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (1)
North America commissaries
North America franchising
International (2)
All others
Unallocated corporate expenses (3)
Elimination of intersegment profit and losses
Total income before income taxes
2017
2016
2015
$
816,718 $
673,712
106,729
126,285
59,915
756,307
615,610
96,056
104,691
64,711
$ 1,783,359 $ 1,713,620 $ 1,637,375
815,931 $
623,883
102,980
113,103
57,723
$
$
$
$
$
$
244,699 $
3,342
273
16,715
265,029 $
236,896 $
2,869
269
16,410
256,444 $
224,067
2,690
292
14,821
241,870
15,484 $
6,897
2,018
5,276
13,993
43,668 $
16,028 $
6,027
2,188
3,830
12,914
40,987 $
14,841
6,205
2,935
4,829
11,497
40,307
47,548 $
47,844
96,298
15,888
(179)
(66,099)
(958)
140,342 $
75,136 $
46,325
91,669
11,408
1,467
(64,791)
(2,405)
158,809 $
56,452
44,721
83,315
10,891
845
(75,896)
(1,181)
119,147
(1) Includes an $11.6 million refranchising gain in 2016. See Note 7 for additional information.
(2) Includes a $1.7 million and $1.4 million impairment loss in 2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 7 for additional
information.
(3) Includes an $898,000 legal settlement in 2016 and a ($12.3) million legal settlement in 2015. See Note 17 for
additional information.
83
(In thousands)
2017
2016
2015
Property and equipment:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
North America commissaries
International
All others
Unallocated corporate assets
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Net property and equipment
Expenditures for property and equipment:
Domestic Company-owned restaurants
North America commissaries
International
All others
Unallocated corporate
Total expenditures for property and equipment
21. Quarterly Data - Unaudited, in Thousands, except Per Share Data
Our quarterly select financial data is as follows:
2017
Total revenues
Operating income
Net income attributable to the Company (a)
Basic earnings per common share (a)
Diluted earnings per common share (a)
Dividends declared per common share
2016
Total revenues
Operating income
Net income attributable to the Company (b)
Basic earnings per common share (b)
Diluted earnings per common share (b)
Dividends declared per common share
$ 235,640 $ 225,081 $ 223,246
110,344
128,469
14,826
15,673
47,481
55,586
179,665
192,548
(361,518)
(386,884)
$ 234,331 $ 230,473 $ 214,044
136,701
17,257
58,977
191,924
(406,168)
$
$
15,245 $
14,767
1,884
8,239
12,458
52,593 $
16,257 $
14,164
4,390
7,897
12,846
55,554 $
14,631
3,924
4,540
4,701
11,176
38,972
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Quarter
37,217
23,538
43,681
28,428
$ 449,266 $ 434,778 $ 431,709 $ 467,606
36,604
28,509
0.82
0.66 $
$
$
0.81
0.65 $
$ 0.200 $ 0.200 $ 0.225 $ 0.225
33,515
21,817
0.78 $
0.77 $
0.61 $
0.60 $
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Quarter
36,831
22,541
42,898
26,182
$ 428,595 $ 422,964 $ 422,442 $ 439,619
51,411
32,630
0.89
0.61 $
$
0.88
0.61 $
$
$ 0.175 $ 0.175 $ 0.200 $ 0.200
33,383
21,467
0.69 $
0.69 $
0.57 $
0.57 $
(a) The year ended December 31, 2017 was impacted by the following:
i.
ii.
iii.
The fourth quarter of 2017 includes an after income tax loss of $1.3 million and an unfavorable impact of $0.04
on basic and diluted EPS from an impairment charge related to our company-owned stores in China that are
currently held for sale. See Note 7 for additional information.
The fourth quarter of 2017 also includes a tax benefit of $7.0 million and favorable impact of $0.20 on basic and
diluted EPS related to the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” that was signed in 2017. See Note 15 for additional
information.
The fourth quarter of 2017 includes an after income tax benefit of $3.9 million and favorable impact on diluted
EPS of $0.11 from a 14th week of operations.
84
(b) The fourth quarter of 2016 includes an after tax gain of $7.3 million and a favorable impact of $0.19 on basic and
diluted EPS from the sale of a domestic Company-owned market to a franchisee, and an after tax loss of $900,000
and an unfavorable impact of $0.02 on basic and diluted EPS from an impairment charge related to our company-
owned stores in China that are currently held for sale. See Note 7 for additional information. The fourth quarter of
2016 also includes an after tax gain of $600,000 and favorable impact of $0.02 on basic and diluted EPS related to a
legal settlement. See Note 17 for additional information.
All quarterly information except for the fourth quarter of 2017, is presented in 13-week periods. The fourth quarter of 2017
includes a 14-week period, which increased income after tax approximately $3.9 million, or $0.11 per diluted share.
Quarterly earnings per share on a full-year basis may not agree to the consolidated statements of income due to rounding.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”),
of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act). Based upon this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and
procedures are effective.
(b) Management’s Report on our Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such
term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide
reasonable assurance to our management and the board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of
published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations.
Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial
statement preparation and presentation.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an
evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal
Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway
Commission (2013 Framework). Based on our evaluation under the COSO 2013 Framework, our management concluded
that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Consolidated Financial Statements
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of its audit, has issued an attestation report, included herein, on
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
85
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,
based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the
Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the
COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016, the related consolidated statements
of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 2017, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “financial
statements”) and our report dated February 27, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying “Management’s Report on our Internal
Control over Financial Reporting.” Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the
Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness
exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention
or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Louisville, Kentucky
February 27, 2018
86
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that
have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
PART III
Information regarding executive officers is included above under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” at the
end of Part I of this Report. Other information regarding directors, executive officers and corporate governance appearing
under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Item 1, Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership
Reporting Compliance” and “Executive Compensation / Compensation Discussion and Analysis” is incorporated by
reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. We intend to post all
required disclosures concerning any amendments to or waivers from, our code of ethics on our website to the extent
permitted by NASDAQ. Our code of ethics can be found on our website, which is located at www.papajohns.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information regarding executive compensation appearing under the captions “Executive Compensation / Compensation
Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions —
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive
proxy statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of
the fiscal year covered by this Report.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2017 regarding the number of shares of the Company’s
common stock that may be issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans.
Plan Category
options, warrants
and rights
(a)
Number of
securities to be
issued upon exercise
of outstanding
(b)
Weighted
average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
(c)
Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans,
excluding securities
reflected in column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders *
Total
1,452,220 $
162,136
1,614,356 $
53.43
6,565,537
53.43
6,565,537
* Represents shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the non-qualified deferred compensation plan. The weighted
average exercise price (column b) does not include any assumed price for issuance of shares pursuant to the non-
qualified deferred compensation plan.
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters
appearing under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” is incorporated by
87
reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence appearing under the
captions “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” is incorporated by reference from
the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than
120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information regarding principal accounting fees and services appearing under the caption “Ratification of the Selection of
Independent Auditors” is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report.
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements:
PART IV
The following consolidated financial statements, notes related thereto and report of independent auditors are included in
Item 8 of this Report:
• Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
• Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and December
27, 2015
• Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016
and December 27, 2015
• Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and December 25, 2016
• Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2017, December
25, 2016 and December 27, 2015
• Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, December 25, 2016 and
December 27, 2015
• Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
88
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in thousands)
Classification
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
Deducted from asset accounts:
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable
Reserve for franchisee notes receivable
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
Fiscal year ended December 25, 2016
Deducted from asset accounts:
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable
Reserve for franchisee notes receivable
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
Fiscal year ended December 27, 2015
Deducted from asset accounts:
Reserve for uncollectible accounts receivable
Reserve for franchisee notes receivable
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
Balance at
Beginning of
Year
Charged to
(recovered from)
Costs and
Expenses
Additions /
(Deductions)
Balance at
End of
Year
$
$
1,486 $
2,759
5,462
9,707 $
1,744 $
(1,715)
(407)
(378) $
(959) (1) $
3 (1)
2,360
1,404
2,271
1,047
7,415
$ 10,733
$
$
2,447 $
3,653
2,866
8,966 $
659 $
(250)
249
658 $
(1,620) (1) $
(644) (1)
2,347
83
$
1,486
2,759
5,462
9,707
$
$
3,814 $
3,132
2,932
9,878 $
1,332 $
(100)
(66)
1,166 $
(2,699) (1) $
621 (1)
—
(2,078)
$
2,447
3,653
2,866
8,966
(1) Uncollectible accounts written off and reclassifications between accounts and notes receivable reserves.
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange
Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits:
The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Form 10-K.
Item 16. Summary
None.
89
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
3.1
Description of Exhibit
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended June 29, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
Our Amended and Restated By-Laws. Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly
period ended September 27, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference.
4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
10.1*
10.2*
10.3*
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
Employment Agreement between Papa John’s International, Inc. and Steve M. Ritchie effective March 1,
2015. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 10-K as filed on February 24, 2015 is incorporated herein by
reference.
Employment Agreement between Papa John’s International, Inc. and Lance F. Tucker effective March 1, 2015.
Exhibit 10.2 to our report on Form 10-K as filed on February 24, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Employment Agreement between Papa John’s International, Inc. and Timothy C. O’Hern effective March 1,
2015. Exhibit 10.3 to our report on Form 10-K as filed on February 24, 2015 is incorporated herein by
reference.
Credit Agreement, dated August 30, 2017, by and among Papa John’s International, Inc., as borrower, the
Guarantors party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the other lending
institutions that are parties thereto, as Lenders (Conformed copy through amendment no. 2).
Second Amendment to First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Papa John’s
International, Inc., the Guarantors party thereto, PNC Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its
capacity as Administrative Agent for the lenders; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity
as Co-Syndication Agent for the lenders; Bank of America, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity as
Documentation Agent for the lenders; U.S. Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its capacity as Co-
Syndication Agent for the lenders; and Branch Banking and Trust Company, as a lender. Exhibit 10.1 to our
Report on Form 8-K as filed on June 10, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference.
First Amendment to First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Papa John’s
International, Inc.; the Guarantors party thereto; PNC Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its
capacity as Administrative Agent for the lenders; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity
as Co-Syndication Agent for the lenders; U.S. Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its capacity as
Co-Syndication Agent for the lenders; Bank of America, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity as Documentation
Agent for the lenders; and Branch Banking and Trust Company, as a lender. Exhibit 10.1 to our Report on
Form 8-K as filed on November 4, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference.
First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Papa John’s International, Inc., the Guarantors
party thereto, PNC Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its capacity as Administrative Agent for the
lenders; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity as Co-Syndication Agent for the
lenders; Bank of America, N.A., as a lender and in its capacity as Documentation Agent for the lenders; U.S.
90
Bank, National Association, as a lender and in its capacity as Co-Syndication Agent for the lenders, and Branch
Banking and Trust Company, as a lender. Exhibit 10.1 to our Report on Form 8-K as filed on May 6, 2013 is
incorporated herein by reference.
10.8*
10.9*
Papa John’s International, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended through December 5, 2012.
Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 10-K as filed on February 28, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference.
Papa John’s International, Inc. 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Exhibit 4.1 to our report on Form 8-K as filed
on May 3, 2011 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.10*
Agreement for Service as Chairman between John H. Schnatter and Papa John’s International, Inc.
Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 8-K as filed on August 15, 2007 is incorporated herein by reference.
10.11
10.12
10.13
21
23
Agreement for Service as Founder between John H. Schnatter and Papa John’s International, Inc. Exhibit 10.2
to our report on Form 8-K as filed on August 15, 2007 is incorporated herein by reference.
Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement between John H. Schnatter and Papa John’s
International, Inc. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 8-K as filed on May 19, 2008 is incorporated herein by
reference.
Papa John’s International, Inc. Severance Pay Plan. Exhibit 10.1 to our report on Form 10-Q filed on May 1,
2012, is incorporated herein by reference.
Subsidiaries of the Company.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
31.1
Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).
31.2
Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).
32.1
32.2
101
Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Financial statements from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Papa John’s International, Inc. for the year
ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 27, 2018 formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of
Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets,
(iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
* Compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of Form 10-K.
91
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 27, 2018
PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
By:
/s/ Steve M. Ritchie
Steve M. Ritchie
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following
persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ John H. Schnatter
John H. Schnatter
/s/ Christopher L. Coleman
Christopher L. Coleman
/s/ Olivia F. Kirtley
Olivia F. Kirtley
/s/ Laurette T. Koellner
Laurette T. Koellner
/s/ Sonya E. Medina
Sonya E. Medina
/s/ Mark S. Shapiro
Mark S. Shapiro
/s/ W. Kent Taylor
W. Kent Taylor
/s/ Steve M. Ritchie
Steve M. Ritchie
/s/ Lance F. Tucker
Lance F. Tucker
Founder and Chairman
February 27, 2018
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
February 27, 2018
February 27, 2018
February 27, 2018
February 27, 2018
February 27, 2018
February 27, 2018
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 27, 2018
Senior Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Chief Administrative
Officer (Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)
February 27, 2018
The Exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not contained herein. The Company will furnish a copy of any of
the Exhibits to a stockholder upon written request to Investor Relations, Papa John's International, Inc. P.O. Box 99900,
Louisville, KY 40269-0900.
92
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS, FRANCHISEES,
SUPPLY PARTNERS, AND TEAM MEMBERS:
At Papa John’s, 98% of restaurant managers
are promoted from hourly positions – delivery
drivers, customer service team members and shift
managers – within the company. I have the utmost
We are amid a positive brand evolution, and Steve is
already leading Papa John’s global development as
the architect of this marketing, digital and customer
experience evolution. With over 60% of our domestic
sales from digital channels, we have only begun
to scratch the surface in leveraging technology,
modern marketing and operational enhancements
to improve Papa John’s brand relevancy and quality
admiration for the hard work and dedication to
positioning. The recent additions of Mike Nettles as
quality embodied by our team members across the
company. We know that by focusing on the success
and well-being of our team members, they will
Chief Information and Digital Officer, Brandon Rhoten
as Chief Marketing Officer and the addition of a
digital-first creative agency of record, Laundry Service,
underpin the brand’s emphasis on digital marketing
in turn continue delivering world class customer
and technology. Combined with the company’s
experiences. As we know well, happy people make
better pizza!
continuing focus on quality and our team members,
we’re confident we have the right recipe for our next
stage of success.
As we’ve proven yet again this year, at Papa John’s
As I turn the page to the next chapter in this
anything is achievable if you dedicate yourself to
unbelievable journey that started over 33 years ago
putting your best foot forward every day. In 1996, our
in a broom closet, I see a future that is bright. As
own Steve Ritchie began his career at Papa John’s as a
Founder and Chairman, I will continue to champion
customer service representative at $6 per hour. In 2018,
the core principles that have led to our unquestioned
he became our Chief Executive Officer. I can’t think
position as the industry leader in product quality and
of a more inspirational story for our restaurant team
customer satisfaction. While the brand evolves and
members than to simply point to Steve and what he
we continue to make the investments needed to reach
has accomplished.
customers when and where they desire, the BETTER
INGREDIENTS. BETTER PIZZA. promise will always be
I am so proud of Steve – he has excelled at every job
at the heart of everything we do.
he’s ever held at Papa John’s – from being an hourly
customer service rep, to a delivery driver, store general
There are exciting times
manager, director of operations, franchisee and
ahead for Papa John’s. I look
most recently President. With 120,000 Papa John’s
forward to supporting Steve
corporate and franchise employees, Steve will shine
and the Executive Leadership
the spotlight on our pizza and the most important
Team in partnering with you
ingredient – our team members. We couldn’t have a
to bring the brand to
more proven leader to guide Papa John’s through its
new heights.
next stage of growth.
John H. Schnatter
Founder and Chairman
A MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER STEVE RITCHIE
First and foremost, I am humbled to take on this role and would like to thank John
for his vision for a better pizza company, for all of the wisdom he has imparted and
for the opportunities he has given to me over the years. And I am grateful for John’s
friendship, and the trust he has placed in me to lead Papa John’s into the future.
Like John, I have the utmost admiration for the hard work and dedication to quality
embodied by our team members – they are our most important ingredient.
I’m certain our future company leaders are delivering pizzas in one of our 5,000
stores around the world right now. As always, we’ll continue to focus on what’s
important – the people and the pizza making.
EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP TEAM
STEVE M. RITCHIE
President and Chief Executive Officer
★ 22 Years
TIMOTHY C. O’HERN
Senior Vice President and Chief
Development Officer
★ 31 Years
R. SHANE HUTCHINS
Senior Vice President, PJ Food Service
★ 20 Years
CAROLINE MILLER OYLER
Senior Vice President, General Counsel
★ 18 Years
SEAN A. MULDOON
Senior Vice President,
Chief Ingredient Officer
★ 18 Years
EDMOND M. HEELAN
Senior Vice President, North American
Operations & Global OST
★ 17 Years
ROBERT W. SMITH, JR.
Senior Vice President, Global Human
Resources
★ 15 Years
JACK H. SWAYSLAND
Senior Vice President, International
★ 11 Years
MICHAEL R. NETTLES
Senior Vice President, Chief Information
and Digital Officer
★ 1 Year
BRANDON P. RHOTEN
Senior Vice President,
Chief Marketing Officer
★ 1 Year
STEVEN R. COKE
Vice President of Investor Relations and
Strategy, Interim Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer
DIRECTORS
JOHN H. SCHNATTER
Founder, Chairman
CHRISTOPHER L. COLEMAN (1)(3)
Managing Director, Rothschild – London
OLIVIA F. KIRTLEY (2*)(4)
Business Consultant
LAURETTE T. KOELLNER (1*)(2)
Business Consultant
SONYA E. MEDINA (3)
Government and Public Affairs Strategist
MARK S. SHAPIRO (1)(3*)
Co-President, WME | IMG
W. KENT TAYLOR (2)
Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
Numbers Indicate Board Committees:
(1) Audit Committee
(2) Compensation Committee
(3) Corporate Governance and Nominating
Committee
(4) Lead Independent Director
★ = Represents years working with John H. Schnatter and/or Papa John’s
* Committee Chair
PAPA JOHN’S
2017
ANNUAL REPORT
CORPORATE INFORMATION
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299
502-261-7272
STOCK LISTING
Papa John’s stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global
Select Market under the ticker symbol PZZA
ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held
Wednesday, May 2, 2018, 11:00 A.M. (E.D.T) at:
Papa John’s International, Inc.
2002 Papa John’s Boulevard
Louisville, Kentucky 40299
INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Ernst & Young LLP for the fiscal period ending
December 31, 2017
KPMG LLP for the fiscal period ending
December 30, 2018
TRANSFER AGENT
Computershare Shareholder Services
462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600
Louisville, KY 40202
www.computershare.com/investor
800-622-6757 (US, Canada, Puerto Rico)
+1 781-575-2879 (non-US)
INVESTOR RELATIONS
Steven R. Coke
Vice President of Investor Relations and Strategy
502-261-7272
CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS – MEDIA RELATIONS
Peter Collins
Senior Director Public Relations
502-261-7272
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes non-historical or “forward-looking”
statements concerning future events or conditions.
Important risk factors, which could cause actual results
to differ materially from these statements, are set forth in
Item 1A. Risk Factors in the accompanying Form 10-K.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
To learn more about Papa John’s, or to order online,
visit our website at www.papajohns.com