Paramount Global
Annual Report 2020

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number 001-09553 ViacomCBS Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 04-2949533 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1515 Broadway New York, New York 10036 (212) 258-6000 (Address, including zip code, and telephone numbers, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Trading Symbols Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value VIACA VIAC Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of June 30, 2020, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the market value of the shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value (“Class A Common Stock”), held by non-affiliates was approximately $275,618,509 (based upon the closing price of $25.60 per share as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on that date) and the market value of the shares of the registrant’s Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value (“Class B Common Stock”), held by non-affiliates was approximately $12,618,241,490 (based upon the closing price of $23.32 per share as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on that date); and the aggregate market value of the shares of both Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates was $12,893,859,999. As of February 19, 2021, 52,066,317 shares of Class A Common Stock and 567,539,816 shares of Class B Common Stock were outstanding. Portions of ViacomCBS Inc.’s Notice of 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Part III). DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE VIACOMCBS INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 7. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. Business. Risk Factors. Unresolved Staff Comments. Properties. Legal Proceedings. Mine Safety Disclosures. PART I PART II Market for ViacomCBS Inc.’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Purchases of Equity Securities. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. Controls and Procedures. Other Information. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. Executive Compensation. PART III Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. PART IV Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. Form 10-K Summary. Signatures. Page I-1 I-19 I-31 I-31 I-32 I-32 II-1 II-3 II-51 II-118 II-118 II-118 III-1 III-1 III-1 III-1 III-1 IV-1 IV-1 Item 1. Business. OVERVIEW PART I ViacomCBS Inc. is a leading global media and entertainment company that creates premium content and experiences for audiences worldwide. Driven by iconic consumer brands, our portfolio includes CBS, SHOWTIME, Paramount Pictures, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, BET, Smithsonian Channel, CBS All Access (soon to be rebranded Paramount+) and Pluto TV, among others. We deliver the largest share of television audience in the United States (“U.S.”) and one of the industry’s most extensive libraries of television and film titles. In addition to offering innovative streaming services and digital video products, we provide powerful capabilities in production, distribution and advertising solutions. Through the synergistic combination of our studios, networks and streaming businesses, we strategically focus on creating value in three ways. First, we maximize the power of our content by leveraging our extensive intellectual property portfolio across our Company and by focusing on areas with growth potential. Second, we maximize value from our biggest lines of revenue: advertising, affiliate and content licensing. Third, we are accelerating our momentum in streaming by expanding our differentiated ecosystem of free, pay and premium streaming services to capitalize on the global opportunity in streaming. Ahead of the rebranding of CBS All Access as Paramount+, which is scheduled for March 4, 2021, we recently announced an integrated global streaming organization under new leadership to ensure a more holistic approach across our streaming services, more closely align our streaming initiatives globally and enhance our ability to leverage our content portfolio. As part of our ongoing integration strategy since the Merger (as defined below), in early 2020 we conducted a strategic review of our assets to identify and ultimately divest assets that do not fit within our focus on studios, networks and streaming. In connection with that review, in October 2020 we sold CNET Media Group and in November 2020 announced that we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster, which is expected to close in 2021, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. As a result, Simon & Schuster, which previously comprised our Publishing segment (“Publishing”), is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We operate through the following segments: • TV Entertainment. Our TV Entertainment segment (“TV Entertainment”) operates the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, our television production and syndication operations; our CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS All Access/Paramount+; CBS Sports Network, our cable network focused on college athletics and other sports; and CBS Television Stations, our owned broadcast television stations. TV Entertainment accounted for approximately 42% of our consolidated revenues in 2020. • Cable Networks. Our Cable Networks segment (“Cable Networks”) operates a portfolio of streaming services, including Pluto TV, a leading free advertising-supported streaming television (“FAST”) service in the U.S., and Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“SHOWTIME OTT”); premium subscription cable networks, including SHOWTIME; basic cable networks, including BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network and Smithsonian Channel; international extensions of these brands; and our international free-to-air broadcast networks such as Network 10, Channel 5 and Telefe. Cable Networks accounted for approximately 50% of our consolidated revenues in 2020. • Filmed Entertainment. Our Filmed Entertainment segment (“Filmed Entertainment”) operates Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation and Paramount Television Studios, and also includes Miramax, a consolidated joint venture. Filmed Entertainment accounted for approximately 10% of our consolidated revenues in 2020. I-1 We were organized as a Delaware corporation in 1986. On December 4, 2019, Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) merged with and into CBS Corporation (“CBS”), with CBS continuing as the surviving company (the “Merger”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 2019, as amended on October 16, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”). At the effective time of the Merger, we changed our name to ViacomCBS Inc. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this document to “ViacomCBS,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean ViacomCBS Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, to “CBS” mean CBS Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to “Viacom” mean Viacom Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger. Our principal offices are located at 1515 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. Our telephone number is (212) 258-6000 and our website is www.ViacomCBS.com. Information included on or accessible through our website is not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10‑K. We have two classes of common stock, Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, both of which are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. Owners of our Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share. Our Class B Common Stock does not have voting rights. As of December 31, 2020, National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”), a closely held corporation that owns and operates movie screens in the U.S., the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and South America and manages additional movie screens in South America, directly or indirectly owned approximately 79.4% of our voting Class A Common Stock, and approximately 10.2% of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. NAI is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. TV ENTERTAINMENT Overview TV Entertainment operates the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, our television production and syndication operations; our CBS-branded services CBS All Access/Paramount+, CBSN, CBS Sports HQ and ET Live; CBS Sports Network, our cable network focused on college athletics and other sports; and CBS Television Stations, our owned broadcast television stations. streaming TV Entertainment’s revenues are generated primarily from advertising sales; the licensing and distribution of content; and affiliate revenues comprised of fees received from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”), fees for authorizing multichannel video programming distributors’ (“MVPDs”) and virtual MVPDs’ (“vMVPDs”) carriage of our owned television stations (“retransmission fees”), and subscription fees for our streaming services. In 2020, TV Entertainment advertising, affiliate and content licensing revenues generated approximately 47%, 29% and 22%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. TV Entertainment generated approximately 42%, 44% and 42% of our consolidated revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. CBS Television Network The CBS Television Network, through CBS Entertainment, CBS News and CBS Sports, distributes news and public affairs broadcasts, sports and entertainment programming. The CBS Television Network primarily derives revenue from the sale of advertising time for its network broadcasts and affiliation fees from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network. CBS Entertainment acquires or develops and schedules the programming on the CBS Television Network, which includes primetime comedies and dramas, reality, specials, kids’ programs, daytime dramas, game shows and late night. CBS Television Network’s top-rated series include NCIS, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and The Price is Right. CBS News operates a worldwide news organization, providing the CBS Television Network and I-2 CBS News Radio with regularly scheduled news and public affairs broadcasts, including 60 Minutes, 48 Hours, CBS Evening News, CBS This Morning, CBS Sunday Morning and Face the Nation. CBS Sports broadcasts on CBS Television Network include: certain regular season games from the National Football League’s (the “NFL”) American Football Conference (“AFC”) and National Football Conference (NFC), as well as post-season AFC wild card playoff, AFC divisional playoff and championship games, and, on a rotating basis with other networks, the Super Bowl; the National Collegiate Athletic Association (the “NCAA”) Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament and marquee regular-season college basketball games, including conference championship games from the Big Ten, Mountain West, Atlantic 10 and Missouri Valley; regular-season college football games, including games from the Southeastern Conference; and PGA Tour golf tournaments, for which we have broadcast rights through 2030, the Masters and the PGA Championship. In 2020, CBS Sports, along with CBS All Access, became the exclusive English-language home in the U.S. of the Union of European Football Associations (“UEFA”) Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Europa Conference League. CBS Television Network content also is available on the internet, including through: CBS.com, CBSSports.com and related software applications (“apps”); our streaming services, such as CBS All Access and CBSN; and vMVPDs, such as Hulu with Live TV and YouTube TV. The CW, a broadcast network and our joint venture with Warner Bros. Entertainment, airs programming targeting younger viewers, including Charmed and The Flash. Eight of our owned television stations are affiliates of The CW. CBS Studios CBS Studios is a leading content supplier that produces nearly 70 series across broadcast television, premium subscription cable and streaming services. CBS Studios maintains an extensive library of intellectual property, including the genre-defining and ever-growing Star Trek universe. CBS Studios’ portfolio spans a diverse slate of commercially successful and critically acclaimed scripted programming. Broadcast television productions include Blue Bloods, the FBI franchise and the NCIS franchise for the CBS Television Network, and Nancy Drew and Walker for The CW. In premium cable, CBS Studios produced The Comey Rule and Our Cartoon President and produces Your Honor for SHOWTIME. Streaming productions include The Good Fight and The Stand for CBS All Access; Dead to Me and Unbelievable for Netflix; Diary of a Future President for Disney+; and Carpool Karaoke for Apple TV. CBS Studios also produces award-winning late night and daytime talk shows, such as The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, The Late Late Show with James Corden and The Talk. Internationally, CBS Studios develops, produces and distributes local language and international series originated outside of the U.S. CBS Media Ventures CBS Media Ventures produces or distributes first-run syndicated daily and weekly programming, across various dayparts and genres, including talk shows, court shows, game shows and newsmagazines. The programming is produced for television stations across the country and sold market by market. First-run syndication is programming exhibited on television stations without prior exhibition. Revenue is generated from licensing and distributing such programming, as well as through national advertising sales and integrations. CBS Media Ventures’ first-run series include Dr. Phil, Entertainment Tonight, Jeopardy!, Judge Judy and the new daytime series The Drew Barrymore Show. CBS Media Ventures also distributes programming produced by other divisions, such as CBS Studios, CBS News and Showtime Networks, after initial exhibition on broadcast television, basic or premium subscription cable networks or streaming services for domestic exhibition on television stations, cable networks or streaming services (known as “off-network syndicated programming”). Off-network syndicated programming and first‑run syndicated programming distributed domestically can be sold in successive sales cycles known as “first cycle” sales, “second cycle” sales, and so on, which may occur on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis. CBS Media Ventures operates Dabl, a multiplatform, advertiser-supported lifestyle network. I-3 CBS Television Stations The CBS Television Stations group consists of our 29 owned broadcast television stations, all of which operate under licenses granted by the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Communications Act”). Licensees must seek to renew each license every eight years. The CBS Television Stations group principally derives revenue from the sale of advertising on our television stations and retransmission fees. Our television stations are located in the seven largest, and 15 of the top 20, television markets in the U.S. We own multiple television stations within the same designated market area (“DMA”) in 10 major markets, including New York, Los Angeles and Philadelphia. Our television stations enable us to reach a wide audience within and across geographically diverse markets in the U.S. The stations produce news and broadcast public affairs, sports and other programming to serve their local markets and offer CBS, The CW or MyNetworkTV (a national broadcast service that provides syndicated programming, including series from the ViacomCBS library, during primetime to stations across the country) programming and syndicated programming. The stations also broadcast free, advertiser-supported digital channels using available broadcast spectrum. These channels include local and syndicated programming, Dabl (a multiplatform, advertiser-supported lifestyle network operated by CBS Media Ventures) and Start TV, a national entertainment program service featuring classic television content focused on female audiences, which is our joint venture with Weigel Broadcasting. Local versions of our CBSN streaming service offers local news from certain of our owned television stations. Our television stations have local websites that promote the stations’ programming. Television Stations, Local Websites and CBSN Streaming Services The following table sets forth information regarding our owned television stations and related local websites and CBSN streaming services, as of February 22, 2021, within U.S. television markets: Television Market DMA Rank (1) New York, NY Los Angeles, CA Chicago, IL Philadelphia, PA Dallas‑Fort Worth, TX San Francisco, CA Atlanta, GA Boston, MA Seattle-Tacoma, WA Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL Minneapolis, MN Detroit, MI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 12 13 14 15 Stations WCBS‑TV WLNY‑TV KCAL‑TV KCBS‑TV WBBM‑TV KYW‑TV WPSG‑TV KTVT‑TV KTXA‑TV KPIX‑TV KBCW‑TV WUPA-TV WBZ-TV WSBK-TV KSTW-TV WTOG-TV WCCO‑TV KCCW‑TV (3) WWJ‑TV WKBD‑TV Type UHF UHF VHF UHF VHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF VHF UHF UHF VHF UHF UHF I-4 Network Affiliation Local Websites and CBSN Streaming Services (2) CBS Independent Independent CBS CBS CBS The CW CBS Independent CBS The CW The CW CBS MyNetworkTV The CW The CW CBS CBS CBS The CW newyork.cbslocal.com CBSN New York losangeles.cbslocal.com CBSN Los Angeles chicago.cbslocal.com CBSN Chicago philadelphia.cbslocal.com CBSN Philly dfw.cbslocal.com CBSN Dallas-Fort Worth sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com CBSN Bay Area atlanta.cbslocal.com boston.cbslocal.com CBSN Boston seattle.cbslocal.com tampa.cbslocal.com minnesota.cbslocal.com CBSN Minnesota detroit.cbslocal.com Television Market DMA Rank (1) Stations Denver, CO Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL Sacramento, CA Indianapolis, IN Pittsburgh, PA Baltimore, MD 16 18 20 25 26 28 KCNC‑TV WFOR‑TV WBFS‑TV KOVR-TV KMAX-TV WBXI-CA (4) KDKA-TV WPCW-TV WJZ‑TV Type UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF VHF VHF Network Affiliation Local Websites and CBSN Streaming Services (2) CBS CBS MyNetworkTV CBS The CW Independent CBS The CW CBS denver.cbslocal.com CBSN Denver miami.cbslocal.com sacramento.cbslocal.com pittsburgh.cbslocal.com CBSN Pittsburgh baltimore.cbslocal.com (1) Television market (DMA) rankings based on Nielsen Media Research Local Market Universe Estimates (September 2020). (2) Our television stations’ websites and the local versions of CBSN feature and promote the stations’ programming and provide news, traffic, weather, entertainment and sports information, among other services for their local communities. (3) KCCW-TV is operated as a satellite station of WCCO-TV. (4) WBXI-CA is a Class A low power television station. Class A low power television stations do not implicate the FCC’s ownership rules. CBS Sports Network CBS Sports Network is a cable network that provides a diverse slate of sports and related content 24 hours a day, seven days a week (“24/7”), with a focus on college sports. CBS Sports Network generates revenue from carriage fees from MVPDs, vMVPDs and advertising sales. The network televises live professional, amateur and college events, including Division I college football, basketball, hockey and lacrosse, as well as professional bull riding. In addition, the network showcases a variety of original programming, including documentaries, features and studio shows, highlighted by NFL Monday QB, That Other Pre-Game Show (TOPS), Time to Schein and a first of its kind all-female panel sports talk show, We Need to Talk. CBS Sports Network also provides ancillary coverage for CBS Sports relating to major events, such as the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament, The Masters Tournament and the PGA Championship, and for SHOWTIME relating to SHOWTIME Championship Boxing. CBS All Access/Paramount+ CBS All Access is our direct-to-consumer digital subscription video-on-demand (“SVOD”) and live streaming service, which generates revenue from subscription fees and advertising, and has provided subscribers the ability to watch television and movies on-demand, as well as livestreamed sports and local CBS stations across the U.S. The streaming service is expected to be relaunched as Paramount+ on March 4, 2021 and will feature content from our leading portfolio of broadcast, news, sports and entertainment brands. Building on our legacy of great storytelling, Paramount+ will present original series such as: The Offer, a limited event series about the making of The Godfather, one of Paramount’s most legendary films; a new edition of Behind the Music from MTV; The Real Criminal Minds, a true crime docu-series; Kamp Koral: SpongeBob’s Under Years from Nickelodeon; and The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run. Paramount+ will also include current and past seasons of hit shows from the CBS Television Network; growing libraries from brands across our Cable Networks portfolio, including Nickelodeon, BET, Comedy Central, MTV, Paramount Network and Smithsonian Channel; and films from Paramount Pictures. Paramount+ will continue to be home to livestreamed CBS Sports programming, including golf, football and basketball, and every UEFA club competition match, including all UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League matches. Subscribers can also stream local CBS stations live across the U.S., as well as our other live channels: CBSN for news 24/7, CBS Sports HQ for sports news and analysis, and ET Live. The service is offered through mobile and connected devices, and third-party platforms. I-5 CABLE NETWORKS Overview Cable Networks operates a portfolio of free, pay and premium streaming services — Pluto TV, a leading FAST service in the U.S.; Noggin, Nickelodeon’s preschool subscription streaming service; BET+, a subscription streaming service focused on the Black audience; and SHOWTIME OTT — and a portfolio of both premium subscription and basic cable networks. Our premium subscription cable networks consist of SHOWTIME, The Movie Channel and Flix, and our basic cable networks consist of BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, Smithsonian Channel, Pop TV, CMT, VH1, TV Land and Logo. Under ViacomCBS Networks International (“VCNI”), we operate international divisions of our domestic streaming and Cable Networks brands and businesses, program services created specifically for international audiences and our international free-to-air networks such as Channel 5 in the U.K., Televisión Federal S.A. (“Telefe”) in Argentina and Network 10 in Australia. Cable Networks’ revenues are generated primarily from affiliate revenues comprised of fees from MVPDs and vMVPDs for carriage of our cable networks, and subscription fees from our streaming services; advertising sales; and the licensing of our content and brands. In 2020, Cable Networks affiliate, advertising and content licensing revenues generated approximately 48%, 38% and 14%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. Cable Networks generated approximately 50%, 46% and 48% of our consolidated revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our most significant Cable Networks brands are discussed below. SHOWTIME Our three premium subscription cable networks in the U.S. are SHOWTIME, which offers original scripted and unscripted series, movies, documentaries and docu-series, sports, comedy and special events; The Movie Channel, which offers a variety of movies and related programming; and Flix, which primarily offers movies from the last several decades. Content highlights on SHOWTIME in 2020 include new seasons of The Chi, Billions, the final season of Homeland and the limited series The Good Lord Bird. SHOWTIME is also home to Shameless, The L Word: Generation Q, Black Monday, City on a Hill, Desus & Mero, the network’s first late-night talk show, a number of docu-series, including Couples Therapy, The Circus, and the news series Vice. SHOWTIME OTT, Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service, is available for purchase without an MVPD subscription. SHOWTIME Anytime, an authenticated version of SHOWTIME, is available free of charge to SHOWTIME subscribers. Showtime Networks also produces and/or provides special events on a pay-per-view basis available for purchase by both SHOWTIME subscribers and non-subscribers through the SHOWTIME app and third- party distributors. Showtime Networks owns and operates Bellator, a leading mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization. Pluto TV Pluto TV is a leading FAST service in the U.S., delivering over 250 live, linear channels and thousands of movies and television series on- demand to 30.1 million domestic monthly active users (“MAUs”) and 43.1 million global MAUs as of December 31, 2020. Pluto TV has an international footprint that spans three continents and 24 countries throughout North America, Europe and Latin America. With over 100,000 hours of premium content, Pluto TV offers a broad and diverse lineup of third-party branded and original, thematically-curated channels featuring categories including movies and television, sports, news & opinion, comedy, gaming & anime, home & I-6 DIY, music, kids, reality, crime, classic TV and Latino. Over fifty channels, or approximately one-fifth of Pluto TV’s lineup, are dedicated to ViacomCBS titles and brands. Pluto TV has over 400 global content partners, including studios, networks, news and sports organizations, publishers, and digital media entities. With over 30 distribution partners, Pluto TV is widely available on mobile, web and connected devices, including on major connected television brands such as Samsung, LG, Fire TV, TiVo and Vizio. BET BET is the nation’s leading provider of entertainment, music, news and experiences that entertain, engage and empower African-American audiences. BET can be seen in the U.S., Canada, the Caribbean, the U.K. and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2020, BET aired an array of content addressing systemic racism, including Justice Now: A BET News Special/Town Hall, American Injustice: The Fight for Police Reform, A March for Action and BET Remembers: George Floyd. Other highlights include John Lewis: In His Own Words, No Limit Chronicles, Twenties and Tyler Perry’s The Oval and Sistas, the first two series in our multi-year partnership with award-winning writer, director, producer, actor and playwright Tyler Perry. BET’s tentpoles and live events include the BET Awards & Experience, which in 2020 aired as the number one cable awards show for the sixth consecutive year among adults, and the BET Hip Hop Awards. BET+, our joint venture with Tyler Perry Studios, is a subscription streaming service for the Black audience, with exclusive originals, thousands of television episodes and movies from leading Black content creators. The service is the official home of Tyler Perry’s film, television and stage works, and provides users with access to original content, including First Wives Club, Ruthless and Bigger. BET brands include: BET.com, a leading internet destination for Black entertainment, music, culture, and news; BET Her, an entertainment network targeting the African-American woman; BET Music Networks; BET Home Entertainment; BET Live; BET Mobile; and BET International, which operates BET around the globe. Kids & Family Entertainment Group Nickelodeon st Nickelodeon, now in its 41 year, is one of the most globally recognized and widely distributed multimedia entertainment brands for kids and family. Nickelodeon has been the number-one-rated advertising-supported basic cable network for 25 consecutive years among kids 2 to 11. Nickelodeon features leading original and licensed kids’ series across animation, live-action and preschool genres. Content highlights in 2020 include Ryan’s Mystery Playdate, SpongeBob SquarePants, PAW Patrol, The Loud House, The Casagrandes and Blue’s Clues & You!. Nickelodeon brands include Nick Jr., Nick at Nite, TeenNick, Nicktoons and Nick Music. Noggin, Nickelodeon’s preschool subscription streaming service, features over 1,000 library episodes, interactive videos and short-form educational content. In partnership with Paramount, Nickelodeon Movies produces branded films based on some of Nickelodeon’s most iconic franchises and characters. Nickelodeon is a key part of our global consumer products business. In 2020, we entered into a licensing partnership with global toy brand Melissa & Doug to deliver PAW Patrol and Blue’s Clues and You! co-branded toys. Nickelodeon also licenses its brands for recreation and other location-based experiences such as hotels and theme parks and is involved in numerous live events such as the Kids’ Choice Awards. Awesomeness Awesomeness creates content focused on the global Gen Z audience through its digital publishing, film and television studio divisions. Awesomeness has become the destination for youth culture, cultivating a loyal audience with content such as To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before, Trinkets and Pen15. I-7 MTV Entertainment Group MTV MTV is the leading global youth media brand with operations that span cable and mobile networks, live events, films and MTV Studios, a unit focused on developing series for SVOD and other distribution platforms and partners. Content highlights in 2020 include The Challenge, Jersey Shore Family Vacation, Double Shot at Love with DJ Pauly D and Vinny, Floribama Shore, Teen Mom, Ridiculousness, Deliciousness, Wild ‘N Out, Catfish, Ghosted, Siesta Key, 16 & Recovering and the Oscar nominated St. Louis Superman from MTV Documentary Films. MTV’s signature event, the MTV Video Music Awards, drew 6.4 million viewers across its live linear simulcast and 41.1 million interactions across social media, making it the second most-social show of the year, behind only the Super Bowl. MTV’s annual tentpoles also include the MTV European Music Awards and the MTV Movie and TV Awards. Comedy Central Comedy Central is a leading destination for comedic and topical talent and all things comedy, providing viewers access to a world of funny, provocative and relevant comedy, ranging from award-winning late-night, scripted and animated series, to stand-up and short-form. Content highlights in 2020 include South Park: The Pandemic Special, The Daily ‘Social Distancing’ Show with Trevor Noah and Awkwafina is Nora From Queens. Comedy Central also produces a global podcast network and operates Comedy Central Radio on SiriusXM. Paramount Network Paramount Network is a premium entertainment destination with stories that are immersive, inclusive and deeply personal. Content highlights in 2020 include Yellowstone, written by Oscar nominee Taylor Sheridan and starring two-time Oscar winner Kevin Costner, and Dashing in December, an LGBTQ+ holiday film produced by the MTV Entertainment Group’s original movies and limited series division, which was launched in May 2020. Smithsonian Channel Smithsonian Channel is the home of popular genres such as air and space, travel, history, science, nature and pop culture. Among the brand’s series are Aerial America, America in Color, America’s Hidden Stories, Apollo’s Moon Shot, The Pacific War in Color and Air Disasters, as well as critically-acclaimed specials that include The Green Book: Guide to Freedom, Black in Space: Breaking the Color Barrier, Walk Against Fear: James Meredith and Princess Diana’s Wicked Stepmother. ViacomCBS Networks International (VCNI) VCNI operates international divisions of our domestic streaming and Cable Networks brands and businesses, as well as regional and free-to- air broadcast networks. Network 10 Network 10 is one of the three major free-to-air commercial broadcast networks in Australia that focuses on delivering content targeted at the under 50s demographic across a variety of platforms and genres. Network 10 is home to popular franchises, including MasterChef Australia, Australian Survivor and I’m A Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here!, and news and current affairs show The Project. Network 10 brands consist of channel 10, 10 Bold, 10 Peach and 10 Shake, on-demand service 10 Play, and 10 All Access (soon to be rebranded Paramount+), a subscription streaming service in Australia featuring a collection of popular Network 10 series as well as exclusive CBS library content. I-8 Channel 5 Channel 5 is a free-to-air public service broadcaster (PSB) in the U.K. Channel 5 channels include 5Star, 5USA and 5Select, as well as its corresponding SVOD service, My5, which together offer a broad mix of popular content, including factual programming, entertainment, reality, sports, acquired and original drama, and preschool programming through its award-winning Milkshake! brand. Content highlights in 2020 include All Creatures Great and Small and Our Yorkshire Farm. Telefe Telefe is the leading free-to-air entertainment broadcast network in Argentina and offers a wide range of programming, including Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? The Internationals: Buenos Aires Connection and MasterChef Celebrity. Telefe Noticias, Telefe’s flagship newscast, was in 2020 named Argentina’s most trusted news brand. Telefe also has an expansive digital presence that includes exclusive content, video-on- demand and a livestream. COLORS COLORS is a Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel operated by Viacom18, our joint venture in India. COLORS is available in India and over 100 additional countries. Content highlights in 2020 include Khatron Ke Khiladi, Bigg Boss 14 and Barrister Babu. Other COLORS brands include COLORS Infinity, COLORS Rishtey and COLORS Cineplex. Viacom18 Studios, Viacom18’s filmed entertainment business, includes Viacom18 Motion Pictures, a fully-integrated motion pictures studio, and Tipping Point, a digital content unit. Viacom18 Motion Pictures also partners with Paramount to market and distribute Paramount films for theatrical exhibition in the Indian sub-continent. FILMED ENTERTAINMENT Overview Filmed Entertainment operates Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation and Paramount Television Studios, and also includes Miramax, a consolidated joint venture. It partners on various projects with key TV Entertainment and Cable Networks brands. Films produced, acquired and/or distributed by Filmed Entertainment are generally first exhibited theatrically in domestic and/or international markets and then released in various markets and media. Filmed Entertainment’s revenues are generated primarily from the release and/or distribution of films theatrically, the release and/or distribution of film and television product through home entertainment, the licensing of film and television product to television, SVOD and other digital platforms and other ancillary activities. Our theatrical revenues in 2020 were negatively impacted by the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters as a result of COVID-19. We rescheduled certain planned 2020 theatrical releases to 2021, and licensed others to our owned or third-party streaming services. In 2020, Filmed Entertainment licensing, home entertainment and theatrical revenues generated approximately 62%, 28% and 7%, respectively, of the segment’s total revenues. Filmed Entertainment generated approximately 10%, 11% and 11% of our consolidated revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures is a major global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment and has an extensive library consisting of over 1,200 film titles produced by Paramount, acquired rights to nearly 2,900 additional films and a number of television programs. Paramount’s library includes many Academy Award winners, including Titanic, Braveheart, Forrest Gump, The Godfather, The Godfather Part II and Wings, which won the first ever Academy I-9 Award for Best Picture in 1929. The Paramount library also includes other Academy Award Best Picture nominees such as Arrival, Fences, The Big Short, Selma and The Wolf of Wall Street, classics such as The Ten Commandments, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and Sunset Boulevard, and a number of successful franchises such as Mission: Impossible, Transformers, Star Trek and Paranormal Activity. In 2020, Paramount’s theatrical releases included Sonic the Hedgehog, the highest-grossing movie ever in the U.S. based on a video game. Paramount Players Paramount Players is committed to creating genre films from unique, contemporary voices and properties, as well as drawing from Paramount’s rich library of content. Paramount Animation Paramount Animation is our animation division and develops and produces top-quality animated films. Paramount Animation co-produced The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run, which will be digitally released domestically in March 2021 simultaneously on premium video on demand and Paramount+. Paramount Television Studios Paramount Television Studios develops and finances a wide range of original, premium television content across all platforms for distribution worldwide. Paramount Television Studios’ productions include The Haunting of Hill House and The Haunting of Bly Manor for Netflix; 13 Reasons Why for Netflix; Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan for Amazon Prime; The Alienist and The Angel of Darkness for TNT; Home Before Dark and Defending Jacob for AppleTV+; Catch-22 for Hulu; and Boomerang and First Wives Club for BET and BET+, respectively. Miramax Miramax, a consolidated joint venture with beIN Media Group, is a global film and television studio with an extensive library of content. We have exclusive, long-term rights to distribute Miramax’s library, adding nearly 700 titles to our existing library. We also have certain rights to co-produce, co-finance and/or distribute new film and television projects with Miramax. Film Production, Distribution and Financing We produce many of the films we release and also acquire films for distribution from third parties. In some cases, we co-finance and/or co- distribute films with third parties, including other studios. We also enter into film-specific financing and slate financing arrangements from time to time under which third parties participate in the financing of the costs of a film or group of films in exchange for an economic participation and a partial copyright interest. We distribute films worldwide or in select territories or media and may engage third-party distributors for certain films in certain territories. We have several multi-film production, distribution and financing relationships, including with Skydance Productions, Hasbro Inc. and New Republic Pictures. Domestically, we generally market and distribute our own theatrical and home entertainment releases. Internationally, we generally distribute theatrical releases through our international affiliates or, in territories where we have no operating presence, through United International Pictures, our joint venture with Universal Studios. For home entertainment releases, DVD and Blu-ray discs are distributed internationally by local licensees. We also license films and television shows domestically and/or internationally to a variety of platforms. I-10 PUBLISHING Publishing consists of Simon & Schuster, which publishes and distributes adult and children’s consumer books in printed, digital and audio formats in the U.S. and internationally. Its digital formats include electronic books and audio books. In November 2020, we announced that we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster, which is expected to close in 2021, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. Simon & Schuster is presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Simon & Schuster’s major children’s imprints include Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers, Aladdin and Little Simon. Simon & Schuster also develops special imprints and publishes titles based on the products of certain of our businesses as well as those of third parties and distributes products for other publishers. Simon & Schuster distributes its products directly and through third parties. Simon & Schuster also delivers content and promotes its products on its own websites, social media, and general internet sites as well as those dedicated to individual titles. International publishing includes the international distribution of English-language titles through Simon & Schuster in the U.K., Canada, Australia and India and other distributors, as well as the publication of locally originated titles by its international companies. Best-selling titles in 2020 include: Mary Trump’s Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World’s Most Dangerous Man; Bob Woodward’s Rage; John Bolton’s The Room Where it Happened; Stephen King’s If It Bleeds and The Outsider; and Cassandra Clare’s Chain of Gold. COMPETITION All of our businesses operate in highly competitive environments, and compete for creative talent and intellectual property, as well as for audiences and distribution of our content. TV Entertainment, Cable Networks and Filmed Entertainment compete with a variety of media, technology and entertainment companies that have substantial resources to produce and acquire content worldwide, including broadcast networks, basic and premium cable networks, streaming services, film and television studios, production groups, independent producers and syndicators, television stations and television station groups. These segments compete with other content creators for creative talent including producers, directors, actors and writers, as well as for new program ideas and intellectual property and for the acquisition of popular programming. Similarly, Publishing competes with many other publishers for the rights to works by authors, and competition is particularly strong for well-known authors and public personalities. Our businesses also face significant competition for audiences from various sources. Filmed Entertainment competes for audiences for its films and television content with releases from other film studios, television producers and streaming services, as well as with other forms of entertainment and consumer spending outlets. TV Entertainment and Cable Networks compete for audiences and advertising revenues primarily with other cable and broadcast television networks; streaming services; social media platforms; websites, apps and other online experiences; radio programming; and print media. In addition, our television and basic cable networks businesses face increasing competition from technologies providing digital audio and visual content in ways that allow audiences to consume content of their choosing while avoiding traditional commercial advertising. Moreover, our businesses face competition from the many other entertainment options available to consumers including video games, sports, travel and outdoor recreation. We also face competition for distribution of our content. TV Entertainment and Cable Networks compete for distribution of our program services (and receipt of related fees) with other broadcast networks, cable networks and programmers. The CBS Television Network competes with other broadcast networks to secure affiliations with independently owned television stations to ensure the effective distribution of network programming I-11 nationwide. TV Entertainment, Cable Networks and Filmed Entertainment compete with studios and other producers of entertainment content for distribution on third-party platforms. For additional information regarding competition, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Our businesses operate in industries that are highly competitive.” ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE STRATEGY The media and entertainment industry is uniquely positioned to shape culture, social attitudes and societal outcomes. As a global content company that reaches billions of people, we take seriously the opportunity and responsibility that comes with that reach. We are committed to advancing and strengthening our approach to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) topics to help serve our partners, audiences, employees and shareholders — and to enhance our success as a business. Our approach is grounded in an understanding of where our biggest impacts, risks and opportunities lie. ViacomCBS is committed to responsible and sustainable business practices, which strengthen our ability to innovate and better serve our partners, audiences and stockholders. In 2020, we built upon the momentum at each of CBS and Viacom and established three pillars for our ESG strategy moving forward: On-Screen Content and Social Impact, Workforce and Culture, and Sustainable Production and Operations. We also published our first companywide Materiality Assessment and our first ESG report. We are committed to continuing to identify, measure, and map the ESG impacts of our global operations and report on those impacts with stakeholders. Human Capital Management We aim to build a culture that attracts and retains the best employees and a workplace where everyone feels welcome, safe and inspired to bring their whole self to work. As of December 31, 2020, we employed approximately 22,109 full-time and part-time employees worldwide, and had approximately 4,231 additional project-based staff on our payroll. We also use other temporary employees in the ordinary course of our business. Our human capital management strategy is intended to address the following areas: A Culture of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion We seek to foster a culture of diversity, equity and inclusion through a range of partnerships, collaborations, programs and initiatives, some of which are described below. • We partner with approximately 70 diversity-focused institutions that are committed to supporting women, BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, veterans and/or persons with disabilities. We have placed a particular focus on organizations advancing the causes of racial justice, anti-hate and social equity on a global basis. • Our job postings reach an expansive network that includes approximately 70 diversity-focused job boards. We leverage technology with the goal of removing potentially biasing language from our job descriptions and recruitment correspondence. • We sponsor internal and external professional development programs and campus-to-career initiatives aimed at underrepresented groups. We nominate and support women and BIPOC employees for leadership training opportunities. • We conduct a variety of training and other initiatives designed to educate our employees on unconscious bias, inclusive leadership, allyship, anti-Semitism and anti-racism, which are intended to help disrupt systemic bias and racism in the workplace. • We conduct surveys to gather information about our employee population that self-identifies as LGBTQ+ or as having a disability and we provide education across the business intended to address associated stigma. I-12 • We support nine active employee-led Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) with 48 chapters in 14 locations worldwide. Our ERGs provide support for certain business and corporate initiatives. • We are a founding participant of the Black Equity at Work Certification, designed to benchmark and index our performance to other companies to advance diversity and inclusion in the workplace, and of the CEO Action for Diversity Pledge. Of our U.S. employees, as of December 31, 2020, approximately 49% were female and approximately 37% self-identified as part of a racial or ethnic minority group. Of our U.S. employees with Vice President titles and above, as of December 31, 2020, approximately 48% were female and approximately 26% self-identified as part of a racial or ethnic minority group. We have set measurable goals intended to improve the diversity of our workforce through hiring and promotions. Preventing Harassment and Discrimination We have enacted policies addressing harassment, discrimination and other behaviors that could create a hostile workplace, some of which are described below. • We make available to our employees, globally, training on preventing sexual harassment, discrimination and retaliation. We also make available to workers on ViacomCBS productions, including freelancers and others not directly employed by ViacomCBS, training on preventing sexual harassment. • We monitor employee diversity data for trends that could suggest discrimination or unconscious bias. • We expect employees to report any violations of Company policies, including sexual harassment, they witness. Among other ways, employees can report incidents of harassment using our anonymous complaint and reporting hotline, called OPENLINE. Employee Attraction, Retention and Training We provide a range of training, mentoring and career mobility programs aimed at attracting, retaining and engaging our employees. Some of these programs are described below. • We offer our employees formal, six-month mentoring programs and “pop up” mentoring events. We also offer our employees leadership- specific training. • We offer a range of financial and nonfinancial compensation and benefits, including health, life and disability insurance; matching retirement contributions; flexible paid time off; and paid volunteer time. In 2020, we implemented new parental, caregiving, bereavement and military leave benefits. We also offer tuition support for certain employees. • We offer flexible work hours for many of our full-time and part-time employees. Health, Safety and Security We endeavor to take a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating health, safety and security risks. Some of the steps we take are described below. • We have on-site health care at some office and production sites, as well as medics and medical support at many production sites. • We perform risk assessments of daily work processes across our productions, offices and other work sites and develop hazard reduction, avoidance and mitigation plans. We also track and report safety, health and security incident data across the Company. I-13 • Our Global Security Operations Center oversees security and emergency response efforts and undertakes risk scans in an effort to identify potential security risks. • Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, we closed our offices and productions out of an abundance of caution and concern for the safety of our workforce. While our workforce continues to be predominantly remote, we restarted some productions beginning in mid-2020 in accordance with local requirements. We also committed $100 million to help provide support to those impacted by COVID-19. Social Impact and Corporate Social Responsibility The content we produce both reflects and shapes culture and influences how people perceive and understand important issues. We endeavor to earn our viewers’ trust through a variety of practices, and we are focused on using our platforms to create positive social impacts. Using our platforms for good includes community projects, philanthropy and employee engagement. Across the organization, we focus our social impact efforts on such issues as civic engagement, social justice, mental health, and diversity and inclusion, among others, and our brands also have strategic focus areas based on their diverse audiences and unique strengths. For example, we heighten social awareness on important issues through CBS Cares public service announcement campaigns, produce arts education programming for students through Paramount Animation’s Arts Matter initiative, and partner with social justice organizations to disseminate content that will combat systemic racism and inequality through BET’s Content for Change initiative. Our focus is also on our audiences: we spread messages to keep our audiences safe and informed from the earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic with our award-winning #AloneTogether campaign, recruited hundreds of thousands of new poll workers and millions of new early voters with our civic engagement initiatives such as the Vote for Your Life and Reclaim Your Vote campaigns, and are bringing the entertainment industry together for a collaboration to transform mental-health storytelling with a first-of-its-kind Mental Health Media Guide for content creators. REGULATION Our businesses and the intellectual property they create or acquire are subject to and affected by laws and regulations of U.S. federal, state and local governmental authorities, as well as laws and regulations of countries other than the U.S. and pan-national bodies such as the European Union (“E.U.”). The laws and regulations affecting our businesses are constantly subject to change, as are the protections that those laws and regulations afford us. The discussion below describes certain, but not all, present and proposed laws and regulations affecting our businesses. FCC and Similar Regulation The FCC regulates broadcast television, and some aspects of cable network programming and certain programming in the U.S. delivered by internet protocol, pursuant to U.S. federal law, including the Communications Act. Violation of FCC regulations can result in substantial monetary fines, the imposition of reporting obligations, limited renewals of licenses and, in egregious cases, denial of license renewal or revocation of a license. License Renewals Each of our owned television stations in the U.S. must be licensed by the FCC. Television broadcast licenses are typically granted for eight- year terms, and we must obtain renewals as they expire to continue operating our stations. The Communications Act requires the FCC to renew a broadcast license if the FCC finds that (1) the station has served the public interest, convenience and necessity; (2) with respect to the station, there have been no serious violations by the licensee of either the Communications Act or FCC regulations; and (3) there have been no other violations by the licensee of the Communications Act or FCC regulations that, taken together, constitute a pattern of abuse. As of February 22, 2021, we had four pending renewal applications, and we will be filing applications with respect to most of our remaining stations on a staggered basis between 2021 and 2023. A station remains authorized to operate while its license renewal application is pending. In addition, the I-14 Communications Act requires prior FCC approval for the assignment of a license or transfer of control of an FCC licensee. Broadcast Ownership Regulation The Communications Act and FCC regulations impose limitations on local and national broadcast television ownership in the U.S. The following broadcast ownership rules are the most relevant to our operations. In 2019, a federal appellate court vacated an FCC decision issued in 2017 that would have relaxed some of the broadcast ownership rules. The U.S. Supreme Court is currently reviewing that decision, the outcome of which could have significant implications for the FCC’s broadcast ownership regulatory framework. Local Television Ownership. The FCC’s local television ownership rule limits the number of full-power television stations that may be commonly owned in the same DMA. For example, common ownership of two full-power stations in a market generally is allowed only if, at the time the common ownership is created, at least eight independently owned and operating full-power stations remain in the market, and at least one of the owned stations is outside of the top-four ranked stations in the market based on audience share. Dual Network Rule. The dual network rule prohibits any of the four major U.S. broadcast networks — ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC — from combining or being under common control. Television National Audience Reach Limitation. Under the national television ownership rule, one party may not own television stations that reach more than 39% of all U.S. television households. However, for purposes of this rule, a UHF station is afforded a “discount” and is therefore attributed with reaching only 50% of the television households in its market. We currently own and operate television stations that reach approximately 38% of all U.S. television households, but we are attributed with reaching 25% of all such households for purposes of the national ownership rule because of the discount. Foreign Ownership. In general, the Communications Act restricts foreign individuals or entities from collectively owning more than 25% of our voting power or equity. FCC approval is required to exceed the 25% threshold. The FCC has recently approved foreign ownership levels of up to 100% in certain instances, subsequent to its review and approval of specific, named foreign individuals. Cable and Satellite Carriage of Television Broadcast Stations The Communications Act and FCC rules govern the retransmission of broadcast television stations by cable system operators, direct broadcast satellite operators, and other MVPDs in the U.S. Pursuant to these regulations, we have elected to negotiate with MVPDs for the right to carry our broadcast television stations via retransmission consent agreements. The Communications Act and FCC regulations require that broadcasters and some types of MVPDs negotiate in good faith for retransmission consent. Some MVPDs have sought changes to federal law that would eliminate or otherwise limit the ability of broadcasters to obtain fair compensation for the grant of retransmission consent. Program Regulation The FCC also regulates the content of broadcast, cable network, and other video programming. The FCC prohibits broadcasters from airing obscene material at any time and indecent or profane material between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. The FCC’s maximum forfeiture penalty per station for broadcasting indecent or profane programming is approximately $419,000 per indecent or profane utterance or image, with a maximum forfeiture exposure of approximately $3.87 million for any continuing violation arising from a single act or failure to act. The FCC also actively monitors compliance with requirements that apply to broadcasters and cable networks relating to political advertising, identification of program sponsors, and the use and integrity of the Emergency Alert System. In addition, FCC regulations require the closed captioning of almost all broadcast and cable programming, as well as certain programming in the U.S. delivered by internet protocol, among other requirements intended to ensure that video programming is accessible to persons with disabilities. I-15 Children’s Programming Our business is subject to various regulations in the U.S. and abroad applicable to children’s programming. U.S. federal law and FCC rules limit the amount and content of commercial matter that may be shown on broadcast television stations and cable networks during programming designed for children 12 years of age and younger, and the FCC also limits the display of certain commercial website addresses during children’s programming. Moreover, each of our broadcast television stations is required to air, in general, three hours per week of educational and informational programming designed for children 16 years of age and younger. In addition, some policymakers have sought limitations on food and beverage marketing in media popular with children and teens. For example, restrictions on the television advertising of foods high in fat, salt and sugar (“HFSS”) to children aged 15 and under have been in place in the U.K. since 2007. The U.K. government is currently considering tighter controls, including a ban on all HFSS advertising before 9:00 p.m. Various laws with similar objectives have also been enacted in Ireland, Turkey, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Taiwan and South Korea, and significant pressure for similar restrictions continues to be felt globally, most acutely in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Hungary, Singapore, South Africa and France. The implementation of these or similar limitations and restrictions could have a negative impact on our Cable Networks advertising revenues, particularly for our networks with programming for children and teens. Broadcast Transmission Standard In 2017, the FCC adopted rules to permit television broadcasters to voluntarily broadcast using the “Next Generation” broadcast television transmission standard developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., also called “ATSC 3.0.” Those full-service television stations using the new standard are subject to certain requirements, including the obligation to continue broadcasting a generally identical program stream in the current ATSC 1.0 broadcast standard. The ATSC 3.0 standard can be used to offer better picture quality and improved mobile broadcast viewing. A television station converting to ATSC 3.0 operation will incur significant costs in equipment purchases and upgrades. In addition, consumers may be required to obtain new television sets or other equipment that are capable of receiving ATSC 3.0 broadcasts. We are participating in ATSC 3.0 partnerships with other broadcasters and may enter into additional partnerships in the future. Global Data Protection Laws and Children’s Privacy Laws A number of data protection laws impact, or may impact, the manner in which ViacomCBS collects, processes and transfers personal data. In the E.U., the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) mandates data protection compliance obligations and authorizes significant fines for noncompliance, requiring extensive compliance resources and efforts on our part. Further, a number of other regions where we do business, including the U.S., Asia and Latin America, have enacted or are considering new data protection regulations that may impact our business activities that involve the processing of personal data. For example, in the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, creates a host of new obligations for businesses regarding how they handle the personal information of California residents, including creating new data access, data deletion and opt out rights. In addition, some of the mechanisms ViacomCBS relies upon for the transfer of personal data from the E.U. to the U.S., such as utilizing standard contractual clauses approved by the European Commission, have been subject to legal challenges, and the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield framework, which permits the transfer of personal data from the E.U. to the U.S., has been challenged by the relevant E.U. authorities. The outcomes of these proceedings continue to be uncertain and will require changes to our international data transfer mechanisms. In addition, we are subject to other laws and regulations intended specifically to protect the interests of children, including the privacy of minors online. The U.S. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”) limits the collection by operators of websites or online services of personal information online from children under the age of 13. In July 2019, the Federal Trade Commission initiated a review of its regulations implementing COPPA, which we anticipate will be updated to address changes in technology. In the E.U., GDPR also limits our ability to process data from children under the age of 16. Such regulations also restrict the types of advertising we are able to sell on these sites and apps and impose strict liability on us for certain actions of ViacomCBS, advertisers and I-16 other third parties, which could affect advertising demand and pricing. Recently, laws in Brazil and China that govern the processing of children’s data also went into effect. These laws will likely have similar impacts to COPPA and GDPR, especially with respect to data collected in connection with advertising. State and federal policymakers are also considering regulatory and legislative methods to protect consumer privacy on the internet, and these efforts have focused particular attention on children and teens. Compliance with enhanced data protection laws, which may be inconsistent with one another, requires additional resources and efforts on our part, and noncompliance with personal data protection regulations could result in increased regulatory enforcement and significant monetary fines or private litigation. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY We are fundamentally a content company, and the trademark, copyright, patent and other intellectual property laws that protect our brands and content are extremely important to us. It is our practice to protect our films, programs, content, brands, formats, characters, games, publications and other original and acquired works, and ancillary goods and services. The unauthorized reproduction, distribution, exhibition or other exploitation of copyrighted material interferes with the market for copyrighted works and disrupts our ability to distribute and monetize our content. The infringement of our intellectual property rights in films, television and digital programming, books, consumer products and other entertainment content presents a significant challenge to our industry, and we take a number of steps to address this concern. For example, where possible, we use technologies, such as encryption, watermarking, and digital rights management tools, to protect our content from piracy and infringement. We are also actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property, including: monitoring online destinations that distribute or otherwise infringe our content and sending takedown or cease and desist notices in appropriate circumstances; using filtering technologies employed by some social networks and other platforms hosting our content; working with intermediaries and other third parties to address current infringements and prevent more in the future; and pursuing litigation and referrals to law enforcement with respect to websites and other online platforms that distribute or facilitate the distribution and exploitation of our content without authorization. Through partnerships with various organizations, we also are actively involved in educational outreach to the creative community, state and federal government officials and other stakeholders in an effort to marshal greater resources to combat intellectual property infringement. Additionally, we participate in various industry-wide enforcement initiatives, public relations programs and legislative activities on a worldwide basis. For example, we have had notable success with site-blocking efforts in parts of Europe and Asia, which can be effective in steering consumers away from piracy platforms and toward legitimate platforms. Notwithstanding these efforts and the many legal protections that exist to combat piracy, the proliferation of content infringement and the technological tools with which to carry out those illicit activities continues to be a challenge. The failure to maintain enhanced legal protections and enforcement tools and to update those tools as threats evolve could make it more difficult for us to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could negatively impact its value and further increase the costs of enforcing our rights as we continue to expend substantial resources to protect our content. I-17 OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS ViacomCBS’ executive officers as of February 22, 2021 are as follows: Name Robert M. Bakish Naveen Chopra Christa A. D’Alimonte Katherine Gill-Charest Richard M. Jones Doretha (DeDe) Lea Julia Phelps Nancy Phillips Age 57 47 52 56 55 56 43 53 Position President and Chief Executive Officer, Director Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer Executive Vice President, General Tax Counsel and Chief Veteran Officer Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy and Government Relations Executive Vice President, Chief Communications and Corporate Marketing Officer Executive Vice President, Chief People Officer Robert M. Bakish has been our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board since December 2019. Mr. Bakish served as President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of Viacom from December 2016 to December 2019, having served as Acting President and Chief Executive Officer beginning earlier in 2016. Mr. Bakish joined Viacom’s predecessor (“Former Viacom”) in 1997 and held positions throughout the organization, including as President and Chief Executive Officer of Viacom International Media Networks and its predecessor company, MTV Networks International, from 2007 to 2016; Executive Vice President, Operations and Viacom Enterprises; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, MTV Networks Advertising Sales; and Senior Vice President, Planning, Development and Technology. Before joining Former Viacom, Mr. Bakish was a partner with Booz Allen Hamilton in its Media and Entertainment practice. Mr. Bakish has served as a director of Avid Technology, Inc. since 2009. Naveen Chopra has been our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer since August 2020. Prior to that, he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Amazon Devices & Services, beginning in 2019. Prior to joining Amazon Devices & Services, Mr. Chopra served as Chief Financial Officer of Pandora Media from 2017 to 2019 and as its Interim Chief Executive Officer during part of this time, having previously served as Interim Chief Executive Officer of TiVo Inc. in 2016 and as its Chief Financial Officer from 2012 to 2016. Christa A. D’Alimonte has been our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Viacom beginning in 2017, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary beginning in 2012. Prior to joining Viacom, Ms. D’Alimonte was a partner of Shearman & Sterling LLP, where she was Deputy Practice Group Leader of the Firm’s Global Mergers & Acquisitions group. She first joined Shearman & Sterling in 1993 and became a partner in 2001. Katherine Gill-Charest has been our Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of Viacom beginning in 2010, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Deputy Controller of Viacom during 2010 and Vice President, Deputy Controller beginning in 2007. Prior to that, Ms. Gill-Charest was the Chief Accounting Officer of WPP Group from 2001 to 2007 and was the Vice President and Worldwide Controller of Young & Rubicam Inc. from 1998 to 2000. Ms. Gill-Charest also held roles in financial reporting and accounting policy at Time Warner Inc. from 1991 to 1998 and at NYNEX Corporation from 1988 to 1991 and served in the audit practice of Price Waterhouse for two years. Richard M. Jones has been our Executive Vice President, General Tax Counsel and Chief Veteran Officer since August 2014. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President and General Tax Counsel of CBS Corporation beginning in 2006 and of Former Viacom beginning in 2005. Prior to that, he served as Vice President of Tax, Assistant Treasurer and Tax Counsel for NBC Universal, Inc. beginning in 2003 and he served 13 years with Ernst & Young in its media & entertainment and transaction advisory services practices. Mr. Jones served honorably as a non-commissioned officer in the U.S. Army’s 75th Ranger Regiment and 10th Mountain Division. I-18 Doretha (DeDe) Lea has been our Executive Vice President, Global Public Policy and Government Relations since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, Global Government Affairs of Viacom beginning in 2013, having previously served as Executive Vice President, Government Relations beginning in 2005. Prior to that, Ms. Lea served in various government relations positions at Former Viacom beginning in 1997, with the exception of 2004 to 2005, when she served as Vice President of Government Affairs at Belo Corp. Prior to joining Former Viacom, she was Senior Vice President of Government Relations at the National Association of Broadcasters. Julia Phelps has been our Executive Vice President, Chief Communications and Corporate Marketing Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President, Communications, Culture and Marketing of Viacom beginning in 2017, having previously served as Senior Vice President, Communications and Culture of Viacom beginning earlier in 2017. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President of Communications for Viacom International Media Networks beginning in 2012, after having served as Vice President of Corporate Communications for Viacom. Ms. Phelps joined Former Viacom in 2005 from DeVries Public Relations, a New York-based communications agency. Nancy Phillips has been our Executive Vice President, Chief People Officer since December 2019. Prior to that, she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Nielsen Holdings PLC beginning in 2017, having served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Broadcom Corporation from 2014 to 2016. From 2010 to 2014, Ms. Phillips was Senior Vice President, Human Resources for the Imaging and Printing Group at Hewlett-Packard Company, and previously served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources, Enterprise Services. From 2008 to 2010, Ms. Phillips served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer at Fifth Third Bancorp. Prior to that, Ms. Phillips spent 11 years at General Electric Company, holding various human resources positions. Ms. Phillips practiced law from 1993 to 1997. AVAILABLE INFORMATION We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the SEC. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, will be available free of charge on our website at www.ViacomCBS.com (under “Investors”) as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed with the SEC. These documents are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains both historical and forward-looking statements. All statements that are not statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements within the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations concerning future results, objectives, plans and goals, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are difficult to predict, and which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors are discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” below. Other risks, or updates to the risks discussed below, may be described in our news releases and filings with the SEC, including but not limited to our reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K. The forward- looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K are made only as of the date of this document, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Item 1A. Risk Factors. A wide range of risks may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, now and in the future. We consider the risks described below to be the most significant. There may be other currently unknown or unpredictable factors that could have adverse effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations. I-19 Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry Changes in consumer behavior, as well as evolving technologies, distribution platforms and packaging, may negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations Our success in the media and entertainment industry depends on our ability to adapt to shifting patterns of content consumption. The ways in which consumers view content, and technology and business models in our industry, continue to evolve rapidly, and new distribution platforms, as well as increased competition from new entrants and emerging technologies, have added to the complexity of maintaining predictable revenue streams. Technological advancements have empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume content and have affected the options available to advertisers for reaching their target audiences. The evolution of consumer preferences towards digital and other subscription services, and the substantial increase in availability of programming without advertising or adequate methodologies for audience measurement, have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, consumers are increasingly using time-shifting and advertising-blocking technologies that enable users to fast-forward or circumvent advertisements, such as DVRs, or increase the sharing of subscription content and reduce the demand for electronic sell-through, DVD and Blu-ray disc products. Substantial use of these technologies could impact the attractiveness of our programming to advertisers, adversely affecting our advertising revenue. Our business also may be adversely affected by the use of antennas (and their integration with set-top boxes or other consumer devices) to access broadcast signals to avoid subscriptions, as well as live and stored video streaming boxes and services, which deliver unauthorized copies of copyrighted content, including those emanating from other countries in various languages. In response to perceived consumer demand, distributors of programming and program services are continuing to develop alternative offerings for consumers, including SVOD and other subscription services; FAST services; and original content for mobile and social media platforms. Also, the impact of technological changes on MVPDs may adversely affect our cable networks’ ability to grow revenue. If our networks and brands are not included in these offerings and services, or if consumers increasingly favor alternative offerings over traditional broadcast television and cable subscriptions, we may continue to experience a decline in viewership and ultimately demand for our programming, which could lead to lower revenues. These changing distribution models may also impact our ability to negotiate carriage deals on terms favorable to us, thereby having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In order to respond to these developments, we regularly adopt or develop new technologies and consider, and from time to time implement, changes to our business models and strategies to remain competitive, such as our focus on streaming, and there can be no assurance that we will successfully anticipate or respond to these developments, that we will not experience disruption, even as we respond to such developments, or that the new technologies or business models we develop will be as successful as our current technology and business models. Our advertising revenues have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by changes in consumers’ content viewership, deficiencies in audience measurement and advertising market conditions We derive substantial revenues from the sale of advertising, and a decline in advertising revenues could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Consumers are increasingly turning to “over-the-top” sources for viewing and purchasing content, and an increasing number of companies offer SVOD and/or FAST services, including some that offer exclusive high-quality original programming delivered over the internet. The increasing number of entertainment choices available to consumers has intensified audience fragmentation and reduced the viewing of content through traditional linear distribution models, which has caused, and may continue to cause, ratings declines for broadcast and cable networks. This decline may adversely affect the amount of advertising dollars invested in broadcast and cable networks. Although we expect our digital advertising products in both local and national markets (through I-20 direct and automated transactional models) to provide some offsetting benefit, increased advertising investment in digital offerings could adversely affect our advertising volume in linear. In addition, advertising sales are largely dependent on audience measurement, and the results of audience measurement techniques can vary for a variety of reasons, including the platforms on which viewing is measured and variations in statistical sampling methods used. While Nielsen’s statistical sampling method is the primary measurement technique used in our television advertising sales, we measure and monetize across over-the-top platforms based on census-based advertising-server data establishing the number of impressions served, combined with third-party data providing demographic composition estimates. Multiplatform campaign verification remains in its infancy and is still not measured by any one consistently applied method. While we expect innovation and standards around multiplatform measurement to benefit us as the video advertising market continues to evolve, we are nevertheless partially dependent on third parties to deliver those solutions. The strength of the advertising market can fluctuate in response to the economic prospects of specific advertisers or industries, advertisers’ current spending priorities and the economy in general or the economy of any individual geographic market, and this may adversely affect our advertising revenues. Natural and other disasters, pandemics, acts of terrorism, political uncertainty or hostilities could lead to a reduction in domestic and international advertising expenditures as a result of disrupted programming and services, uninterrupted news coverage and economic uncertainty. In 2020, we experienced a material negative impact on advertising revenues because of weakness in the advertising market as a result of COVID-19. Our ability to generate advertising revenue is also dependent on demand for our content, the consumers in our targeted demographics, advertising rates and results observed by advertisers. Our success depends on our ability to maintain attractive brands and our reputation, and to offer popular programming and other content Our ability to maintain attractive brands, and to create, distribute and/or license popular content are key to our success and ability to generate revenues. The revenues we generate primarily depend on our ability to anticipate and consistently satisfy consumer tastes and expectations, both in the U.S. and internationally. The popularity of our content is affected by our ability to develop and maintain strong brand awareness and a strong reputation; our ability to target key audiences; the quality and attractiveness of competing entertainment content; and the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure time activities. Audience tastes change frequently, and it is a challenge to anticipate what will be successful at any point in time. We invest substantial capital in creating and promoting our content, including in the production of original content, before learning the extent to which it will garner critical success and popularity with consumers. A shortfall in the expected popularity of content we expect to distribute or of sports events for which we have acquired rights, could lead to decreased profitability or losses for a significant period of time. Significant negative claims or publicity regarding the Company or its operations, products, management, employees, practices, business partners and culture, including individuals associated with the content we create and/or license, as well as our inability to adequately respond to such negative claims or publicity, may damage our brands or reputation, even if such claims are untrue. A lack of popularity of our offerings or damage to our reputation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in a particular period or over a longer term. Increased costs for programming, films and other rights, and judgments we make on the potential performance of our content, may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations In TV Entertainment and Cable Networks, we produce a significant amount of original programming and other content and we invest significant resources in our brands, in part with the aim of developing higher quality and quantity of original content, and we also derive a portion of our revenue from the exploitation of our extensive library of television programming. In Filmed Entertainment, we invest significant amounts in the production, marketing and distribution of films and television series. We also acquire programming, films and television series, as well as a variety of digital content and other ancillary rights such as consumer and home entertainment product offerings, and we pay license fees, royalties and/or contingent compensation in connection with these acquired rights. For example, some of CBS Sports’ most widely viewed programming, including The Masters Tournament and NFL games, are made available based on programming rights of varying duration that we have I-21 negotiated with third parties. We also license various music rights from the major record companies, music publishers and performing rights organizations. Our investments in original and acquired programming are significant and involve complex negotiations with numerous third parties, and rapid changes in consumer behavior have increased the risk associated with the success of all kinds of programming. Competition for popular content is intense, and we may have to increase the price we are willing to pay for talent and intellectual property rights, which may result in significantly increased costs. Further, increased competition in the market for development and production of original content, particularly from streaming services providers, including our streaming services, increases our content costs. We may be outbid by our competitors for the rights to new, popular programming or in connection with the renewals of popular programming that we currently license. Finally, certain of our counterparties and vendors may encounter financial and operational pressures, which could result in increased costs to us or delays in production. As such, there can be no assurance that we will recoup our investments when the content is broadcast or distributed. Our businesses operate in industries that are highly competitive We compete with other media companies to attract creative talent and produce high-quality content, and for distribution on a variety of third- party platforms to draw large audiences. Competition for talent, content, audiences, service providers, production infrastructure, advertising and distribution is intense and comes from other broadcast television stations and networks, cable television systems and networks, streaming service providers, the internet and social media platforms, film studios and independent film producers and distributors, consumer products companies and other entertainment outlets and platforms, as well as from search engines, program guides and “second screen” applications. Additionally, other television stations or cable networks may change their formats or programming, a new station or new network may adopt a format to compete directly with our stations or networks, or stations or networks might engage in aggressive promotional campaigns. Further, competition from additional entrants into the market for development and production of original content and streaming services continues to increase. Our ability to obtain widespread distribution on favorable terms, which contributes to our ability to attract audiences and, in turn, advertisers, is adversely affected by the consolidation of advertising agencies, programmers, content providers, distributors and television service providers. This consolidation reduces the number of distributors with whom we negotiate and increases the negotiating leverage and market power of the combined companies. Our competitors generally include companies with interests in multiple media businesses that are often vertically integrated, whereas our Cable Networks business generally relies on distribution relationships with third parties. As more cable and satellite operators, internet service providers, telecom companies and other content distributors, aggregators and search providers create or acquire their own content, they may have significant competitive advantages, which could adversely affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms for distribution or otherwise compete effectively in the delivery marketplace. Our competitors could also have preferential access to important technologies, customer data or other competitive information, as well as significant financial resources. This competition and consolidation could result in lower ratings and advertising, lower affiliate and other revenues, and increased content costs and promotional and other expenses, negatively affecting our ability to generate revenues and profitability. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing or new competitors, or that competition or consolidation in the marketplace will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Because we derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of distributors, the loss of affiliation and distribution agreements, renewal on less favorable terms or adverse interpretations thereof could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations A significant portion of our revenues are attributable to agreements with a limited number of distributors. These agreements generally have fixed terms that vary by market and distributor, and there can be no assurance that these agreements will be renewed in the future, or renewed on favorable terms, including those related to pricing I-22 and programming tiers. We may also be unable to modify existing agreements with terms that have become less favorable over time. The loss of existing packaging, positioning, pricing or other marketing opportunities and the loss of carriage or the failure to renew our agreements with any distributor, or renew or modify them on favorable terms, could reduce the distribution of our programming and program services and decrease the potential audience for our programs, thereby negatively affecting our growth prospects and revenues from both affiliate fees and advertising. CBS Television Network provides affiliated television stations regularly scheduled programming in return for the insertion of network commercials during that programming and the payment of reverse compensation. The loss of such station affiliation agreements could adversely affect our results of operations by reducing the reach of our programming and therefore our attractiveness to advertisers, and renewal of these affiliation agreements on less favorable terms may also adversely affect our results of operations. Consolidation among and vertical integration of distributors in the cable or broadcast network business has provided more leverage to these distributors and could adversely affect our ability to maintain or obtain distribution for our network programming or distribution and/or marketing of our subscription services on favorable or commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Also, consolidation among television station group owners could increase their negotiating leverage. Moreover, competitive pressures faced by MVPDs, particularly in light of the lower retail prices of streaming services, could adversely affect the terms of our renewals with MVPDs. In addition, MVPDs and streaming services continue to develop alternative offerings for consumers. To the extent these offerings do not include our programming and become widely accepted in lieu of traditional offerings, we could experience a decline in affiliate revenues. Our revenues are dependent on the compliance of major distributors with the terms of our affiliation or distribution agreements. As these agreements have grown in complexity, the number of disputes regarding their interpretation and even their validity has grown, resulting in greater uncertainty and, from time to time, litigation with respect to our rights and obligations. Some of our distribution agreements contain “most favored nation” (“MFN”) clauses, which provide that if we enter into an agreement with a distributor and such agreement includes terms that are more favorable than those held by a distributor holding an MFN right, we must offer some of those terms to the distributor holding the MFN right. Disagreements with a distributor on the interpretation or validity of an agreement could adversely impact our affiliate and advertising revenues, as well as our relationship with that distributor. We could suffer losses due to asset impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets, FCC licenses and programming We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, including FCC licenses, for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events or circumstances require an interim impairment assessment. Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, a decline in advertising markets, a decrease in audience acceptance of our programming or films, a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms and/or changes in consumer behavior could result in a downward revision in the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or intangible assets, including FCC licenses, which could result in a non-cash impairment charge. Any such impairment charge for goodwill, intangible assets and/or programming could have a material adverse effect on our reported net earnings. Risks Relating to the Merger and Other Strategic Initiatives The integration of the CBS and Viacom businesses may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected. Synergies and other anticipated benefits may not be realized within the expected time frames, or at all. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger depend, to a large extent, on our ability to integrate the businesses of the combined companies in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities and achieves projected standalone cost savings and revenue growth trends without adversely affecting revenues and investments in future growth. The failure to meet the challenges involved in combining CBS’ and Viacom’s businesses following the Merger and to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger, including expected synergies, could adversely affect the results of operations of ViacomCBS. The overall combination of our businesses may also result in material I-23 unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, and loss of customer and other business relationships. The difficulties of combining the operations of the companies include, among others: the diversion of management attention to integration matters; difficulties in integrating operations and systems, including administrative and information technology infrastructure and financial reporting and internal control systems; challenges in conforming standards, controls, procedures and accounting and other policies, business cultures and compensation structures between the two companies; difficulties in integrating employees and attracting and retaining key personnel, including talent; challenges in retaining existing, and obtaining new customers, viewers, suppliers, distributors, licensors, employees and others, including material content providers, studios, producers, directors, actors, authors and other talent, and advertisers; difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities, financing plans and growth prospects from the combination; difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company; challenges in continuing to develop valuable and widely accepted content and technologies; contingent liabilities that are larger than expected; and potential unknown liabilities, adverse consequences and unforeseen increased expenses associated with the Merger. Even if our operations are integrated successfully, the full benefits of the Merger, including anticipated synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities, may not be realized, and these benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame or at all. Further, additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of our businesses. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and any one of them could result in lower revenues, higher costs and diversion of management time and energy, which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have acquired and invested in, and expect to continue to acquire and invest in, new businesses, products, services and technologies as part of our ongoing strategic initiatives. Such acquisitions and strategic initiatives may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including the types described above, as well as insufficient revenues from such investments to offset any new liabilities assumed and expenses associated with the new investments; unidentified issues not discovered in our due diligence that could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such investments and incur unanticipated liabilities; and a failure to successfully develop an acquired business or technology. Because new investments are inherently risky, and the anticipated benefits or value of these investments may not materialize, no assurance can be given that such investments and other strategic initiatives will not adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our streaming initiatives are unsuccessful, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected There can be no assurance that our streaming initiatives will be successful. The streaming market is intensely competitive and our ability to attract and retain subscribers to our pay streaming services, including Paramount+, SHOWTIME OTT and BET+, and MAUs on our FAST service, Pluto TV, as well as the corresponding subscription and advertising revenues they enable us to generate, will depend on our ability to consistently provide appealing and differentiated content, effectively market these services and provide a quality experience for selecting and viewing that content. Our success will also require significant investments to produce original content and acquire the rights to third-party content, including with respect to live sports, as well as the establishment and maintenance of key content and distribution partnerships. We will need to find the right balance between licensing our content to our own streaming services, forgoing traditional sources of content licensing revenues, and licensing our content to third parties. In addition, the relative service levels, content offerings, promotions, and pricing and related features of our competitors’ services may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain subscribers and MAUs. Competitors include MVPDs, vMVPDs and other content providers. If consumers do not consider our streaming services to be of value compared to our competitors’ services, including because we fail to introduce new features, increase our pricing, terminate or modify promotional or trial period offerings, experience technical issues, or change the mix of content in a manner that is not favorably received, we may not be able to attract and retain subscribers and MAUs. In addition, many subscribers and MAUs originate from word-of-mouth advertising from existing subscribers and MAUs. If we are not be able to attract subscribers and MAUs, or our subscribers or MAUs decide to not continue subscriptions on our services for a variety of reasons, including a perception that they do not use it I-24 sufficiently, the need to cut household expenses, unsatisfactory content, promotions or trial-period offers expire or are modified, competitive services or promotions provide a better value or experience or customer service or technical issues are not satisfactorily resolved, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. We must continually add new subscribers and MAUs both to replace canceled subscribers and to grow our business, including offsetting subscriber declines in our traditional linear distribution model. If we are unable to successfully compete with competitors in retaining and attracting new subscribers and MAUs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. Risks Relating to Business Continuity, Cybersecurity and Privacy and Data Protection Disruptions or failures of, or cybersecurity attacks upon, our or our service providers’ networks, information systems and other technologies, and a failure of our business continuity plans in response thereto, could result in the disclosure of confidential or valuable business or personal information, disruption of our businesses, damage to our brands and reputation, legal exposure and financial losses Cloud services, networks, information systems and other technologies we use or that are used by our third-party providers, including technology systems used in connection with the production and distribution of our content (“Systems”), are critical to our business activities, and shutdowns or disruptions of, and cybersecurity attacks on, these Systems pose increasing risks. We also use content delivery networks to help us stream programming, films and other content in high volume to viewers and users of our online, mobile and app offerings over the internet. Shutdowns, disruptions and attacks may be caused by third-party hacking of computers and Systems; dissemination of computer viruses, worms, malware, ransomware and other destructive or disruptive software; denial of service attacks and other bad acts; human error; and power outages, natural disasters, extreme weather, terrorist attacks or other similar events. Shutdowns, disruptions and attacks could have an adverse impact on us, our business partners, employees, advertisers, viewers and users of our content, including degradation or disruption of service, loss of data and damage to equipment and data. Steps we take to add software and hardware, upgrade our Systems and network infrastructure, and to otherwise improve the stability and efficiency of our Systems may not be sufficient to avoid shutdowns, disruptions and attacks. Significant events could result in a disruption of our operations and reduction of our revenues, the loss of or damage to the integrity of data used by management to make decisions and operate our businesses, viewer or advertiser dissatisfaction or a loss of viewers or advertisers, and damage to our reputation or brands. In addition, our recovery and business continuity plans may prove inadequate to address any such disruption, failure or cybersecurity attack. We are subject to risks caused by the misappropriation, misuse, falsification or intentional or accidental release or loss of business or personal data or programming content maintained in our or our third-party providers’ Systems, including proprietary and personal information (of third parties, employees and users of our online, mobile and app offerings), business information including intellectual property, or other confidential information. Outside parties may attempt to penetrate our Systems or those of our third-party providers or fraudulently induce employees, business partners or users of our online, mobile and app offerings to disclose sensitive or confidential information in order to gain access to our data or our subscribers’ or users’ data, or our programming. The number and sophistication of attempted and successful information security breaches in the U.S. and elsewhere have increased significantly in recent years, and because of our prominence, we and/or third-party providers we use may be a particularly attractive target for such attacks. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or disable, degrade or sabotage, these Systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate security measures or remediate any intrusion on a timely or effective basis. Moreover, the development and maintenance of security measures is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated. Despite our efforts, the possibility of these events occurring cannot be eliminated. If a material breach of our Systems or those of our third-party providers occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, we could lose subscribers, viewers, revenues in the case of leaked content, advertisers and other business partners, and users of our online, mobile and app offerings; our I-25 reputation, brands and credibility could be damaged; and we could be required to expend significant amounts of money and other resources to repair or replace such Systems or to comply with regulatory requirements. We could also be subject to actions by regulatory authorities and claims asserted in private litigation. The costs relating to any data breach could be material, and we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate us for any losses associated with such events. We are subject to complex, often inconsistent and potentially costly laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and contractual obligations relating to privacy and personal data protection We are subject to laws, rules and regulations in the U.S. and in other countries relating to privacy and the collection, use and security of personal data. In the E.U., for example, the GDPR mandates data protection compliance obligations and authorizes significant fines for noncompliance, requiring extensive compliance resources and efforts on our part. Further, a number of other regions where we do business have enacted or are considering new data protection regulations that may impact our business activities. In the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, creates a host of new obligations for businesses regarding how they handle the personal information of California residents. We are also subject to laws and regulations intended specifically to protect the interests of children and the privacy of minors online, including COPPA in the U.S. and the GDPR in the E.U., and we have been required to limit some functionality on digital properties as a result of these regulations. Such regulations also restrict the types of advertising we are able to sell on these digital properties and impose strict liability on us for certain actions of ViacomCBS, advertisers and other third parties, which could affect advertising demand and pricing. Recently, laws in Brazil and China that govern the processing of children’s data also went into effect. These laws will likely have similar impacts to COPPA and GDPR, especially with respect to data collected in connection with advertising. We will continue to expend resources to comply with data protection and privacy standards imposed by law, industry standards or contractual obligations, which may be inconsistent with one another, and despite such efforts we may face regulatory and other legal actions. Each of these factors could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations. Risks Relating to Intellectual Property Infringement of our content, including digital copyright piracy and other unauthorized uses of our content, reduces revenue received from legitimate distribution of our programming, films, books and other entertainment content and adversely affects our business, financial condition and results of operations The success of our businesses depends in part on our ability to maintain and monetize our intellectual property rights. We are fundamentally a content company and infringement of our content — specifically, the infringement of our films and home entertainment products, television programming, digital content, books and other intellectual property rights — affects the value of our content. Copyright infringement is particularly prevalent in many parts of the world that either lack effective laws and technical protection measures similar to those existing in the U.S. and Europe or lack effective enforcement of such measures, or both. Such foreign copyright infringement often creates a supply of pirated content for major markets as well. The interpretation of copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws as applied to our content, and our infringement-detection and enforcement efforts, remain in flux, and some methods of enforcement have encountered political opposition. The failure to appropriately enforce and/or the weakening of existing intellectual property laws could make it more difficult for us to adequately protect and monetize our intellectual property and thus negatively affect its value. Copyright piracy is made easier by the wide availability of higher bandwidth and reduced storage costs, as well as tools that undermine encryption and other security features and enable infringers to disguise their identities online. We and our numerous production and distribution partners operate various technology systems in connection with the production and distribution of our programming and films, and intentional or unintentional acts could result in unauthorized access to our content. The continuing proliferation of digital formats and technologies heightens this risk. Internet-connected televisions, set-top boxes and mobile devices are ubiquitous, and many can support illegal retransmission platforms, illicit video-on-demand or streaming services and pre-loaded hardware, providing more accessible, versatile and legitimate-looking environments for consuming unlicensed film and television content. Unauthorized access to our content could result in the premature release of films, television programs or other I-26 content as well as a reduction in demand for authorized content, which would likely have significant adverse effects on the value of the affected content and our ability to monetize our content. Copyright infringement reduces the revenue that we are able to receive from the legitimate sale and distribution of our content, undermines lawful distribution channels, reduces the public’s and some affiliate partners’ perceived value of our content and inhibits our ability to recoup or profit from the costs incurred to create such content. We are actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property, and it is likely that we will continue to expend substantial resources in connection with these initiatives. Efforts to prevent the unauthorized reproduction, distribution and exhibition of our content may affect our profitability and may not be successful in preventing harm to our business. Risks Relating to Macroeconomic and Political Conditions COVID-19 and other pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted, and is expected to continue to impact, the macroeconomic environment in the U.S. and globally. Federal, state and local governmental authorities in the U.S. and foreign governments around the world have implemented numerous orders, policies and initiatives to try to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and business shutdowns. The difficult macroeconomic environment, which has included increased and prolonged unemployment and a decline in consumer confidence, and any resulting recession or prolonged declines in economic growth, as well as changes in consumer behavior in response to the pandemic, have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Other pandemics or widespread health emergencies may have similar effects. As a result of COVID-19, we experienced a material negative impact on our advertising revenues in 2020, particularly at the end of the first quarter and throughout the second quarter, as a result of weakness in the advertising market as advertisers sought to reduce costs in response to the pandemic’s impact on their businesses, the cancellation or postponement of sporting events for which we have broadcast rights, including the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Championship in the first quarter, and the delay of the 2020-21 television broadcast season as a result of production shutdowns. While the rate of decline improved in the second half of the year, we are not able to predict whether future sporting events will be canceled or postponed, or whether advertising revenues from these broadcasts, or advertising budgets and the advertising market generally, will return or be comparable to historical levels. Any prolonged decline in our advertising revenues would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. COVID-19 had a negative effect on our content licensing revenues in 2020. Temporary television and film production shutdowns resulted in the abandonment of content that was not completed, delays in the delivery of programming to third parties, and fewer original programs and live events airing on our broadcast and cable networks. We also experienced lower demand for the licensing of our content from advertising- supported licensees. While production has resumed, we are not able to predict whether we will encounter future production delays or shutdowns or if and to what extent content licensing revenues will continue to be negatively impacted. Additionally, with the resumption of production we began incurring incremental costs related to health and safety protocols in response to COVID-19, which are expected to continue in 2021. Our theatrical revenues have been negatively impacted by the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters that show our films as a result of COVID-19, which has impacted our theatrical releases. Accordingly, we have rescheduled certain theatrical releases and licensed others to our owned or third-party streaming services. We are not able to predict when or whether movie theaters will reopen at scale, whether consumers will return at the same levels they previously did because of concerns related to COVID-19 or because of changes to viewing habits, or whether revenues from theatrical releases will be comparable to historical levels. In addition, COVID-19 could impact our business, financial condition and results of operations in a number of other ways, including: negatively impacting our affiliate and advertising revenues as consumers reduce I-27 discretionary spending by cancelling or forgoing subscriptions to MVPD or vMVPD services; negatively impacting our financial condition or our ability to fund operations, dividends or future investment opportunities due to an increase in the cost or difficulty in obtaining debt or equity financing, or refinancing our debt in the future, our ability to comply with the leverage covenant in our Credit Facility, or a decrease in our debt ratings; impairments of our programming and other inventory, goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, and other long- lived assets; and increased cyber and payment fraud risk, as cybercriminals attempt to profit from the disruption, given increased online activity. The magnitude of the continuing impact of COVID-19, which could be material to our business, financial condition and results of operations, will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or control, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and such governmental actions, and economic and operating conditions in the aftermath of COVID-19. Even after COVID-19 has subsided, we may experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of the pandemic, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact that COVID-19 will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and that impact could also exacerbate the other risks described herein. Political and economic conditions in a variety of markets around the world could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations Our businesses operate and have audiences, customers and partners worldwide, and we are focused on expanding our international operations in key markets, some of which are emerging markets. For that reason, economic conditions in many different markets around the world affect a number of aspects of our businesses. Economic conditions in each market can also impact our audience’s discretionary spending and therefore their willingness to access our content, as well as the businesses of our partners who purchase advertising on our networks, causing them to reduce their spending on advertising. We may also be subject to longer payment cycles. In addition, as we have expanded our international operations, our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar has increased, and there is no assurance that downward trending currencies will rebound or that stable currencies will remain stable in any period. Such fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Also, volatility and weakness in the capital markets, the tightening of credit markets or a decrease in our debt ratings could adversely affect our ability to obtain cost-effective financing. Our businesses are also exposed to certain political risks inherent in conducting a global business, including retaliatory actions by governments reacting to changes in the U.S. and other countries, including in connection with trade negotiations; issues related to the presence of corruption in certain markets and enforcement of anti-corruption laws and regulations; increased risk of political instability in some markets as well as conflict and sanctions preventing us from accessing those markets; escalating trade, immigration and nuclear disputes; wars, acts of terrorism or other hostilities; and other political, economic or other uncertainties. These political and economic risks could create instability in any of the markets where our businesses derive revenues, which could result in a reduction of revenue or loss of investment that adversely affects our businesses, financial condition or results of operations. Risks Relating to Regulatory and Legal Matters Failures to comply with or changes in U.S. or foreign laws or regulations may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations, both in the U.S. and/or in the foreign jurisdictions in which we or our partners operate, including laws and regulations relating to intellectual property, content regulation, user privacy, data protection, anti-corruption, repatriation of profits, tax regimes, quotas, tariffs or other trade barriers, currency exchange controls, operating license and permit requirements, restrictions on foreign ownership or I-28 investment, export and market access restrictions, and exceptions and limitations on copyright and censorship, among others. The television broadcasting and cable programming industries in the U.S. are highly regulated by U.S. federal laws and regulations issued and administered by various federal agencies, including the FCC. For example, we are required to obtain licenses from the FCC to operate our television stations and periodically renew them. It cannot be assured that the FCC will approve our future renewal applications or that the renewals will be for full terms or will not include conditions or qualifications. The non-renewal, or renewal with substantial conditions or modifications, of one or more of our licenses could have a material adverse effect on our revenues. We must also comply with extensive FCC limits on the ownership and operation of our television stations and our television networks, which could restrict our ability to consummate future transactions and in certain circumstances could require us to divest some television stations. Our businesses could be adversely affected by new laws and regulations, changes in existing laws, changes in interpretations of existing laws by courts and regulators and the threat that additional laws or regulations may be forthcoming, as well as our ability to enforce our legal rights. We could be required to change or limit certain of our business practices, which could impact our ability to generate revenues. We could also incur substantial costs to comply with new and existing laws and regulations, or substantial fines and penalties or other liabilities if we fail to comply with such laws and regulations. Our liabilities related to discontinued operations and former businesses could adversely impact our financial conditions We have both recognized and potential liabilities and costs related to discontinued operations and former businesses, certain of which are unrelated to the media business, including leases, guarantees, environmental liabilities, liabilities related to the pensions and medical expenses of retirees, asbestos liabilities, contractual disputes and other pending and threatened litigation. We cannot be assured that our accruals for these matters are sufficient to cover these liabilities in their entirety or any one of these liabilities when it becomes due or at what point any of these liabilities may come due. Therefore, there can be no assurances that these liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating performance or cash flow. Risks Relating to Human Capital The loss of key talent could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations Our business depends upon the continued efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive teams, and the various creative talent and entertainment personalities with whom we work. We compete for talented executives in a highly-specialized industry, and our ability to attract and retain such individuals may be impacted by our reputation, workplace culture, efforts with respect to diversity and inclusion, the compensation and benefits we provide, and our commitment to effectively managing executive succession. We also employ or contract with several entertainment personalities with loyal audiences and we produce films with highly regarded directors, producers, writers, actors and other talent. These individuals are important to attracting viewers of our content and achieving the success of our programs, films and other content. There can be no assurance that these individuals will remain with us or will retain their current appeal, or that the costs associated with retaining them or new talent will be reasonable. If we fail to retain these individuals on current terms or if our entertainment personalities lose their current appeal or we fail to attract new talent, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, we and our business partners engage the services of writers, directors, actors, musicians and other talent, production crew members, trade employees, professional athletes and others who are subject to collective bargaining agreements. Any labor disputes, including lockouts, strikes or work stoppages, may disrupt our operations and cause delays in the production of our programming, which could increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our revenues, cash flows and/or operating income. I-29 Risks Relating to our Ownership Structure NAI, through its voting control of ViacomCBS, is in a position to control actions that require stockholder approval NAI, through its direct and indirect ownership of our Class A Common Stock, has voting control of ViacomCBS. At December 31, 2020, NAI directly or indirectly owned approximately 79.4% of the shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding, and approximately 10.2% of the shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock outstanding on a combined basis. Shari E. Redstone, the Chairperson, CEO and President of NAI, serves as non-executive Chair of the ViacomCBS Board of Directors (the “ViacomCBS Board”). Until the death of Mr. Sumner M. Redstone on August 11, 2020, NAI was controlled by Mr. Redstone through the Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust (the “SMR Trust”), which owned 80% of the voting interest of NAI, with such voting interest voted solely by Mr. Redstone. Upon Mr. Redstone’s death and in accordance with the terms of the trust agreement governing the SMR Trust and the Continuing Trusts (as defined below), the SMR Trust was succeeded by two continuing trusts (the “Continuing Trusts”), each of which holds 40% of the voting stock of NAI. Under the terms of the trust agreement governing the SMR Trust and the Continuing Trusts, the Continuing Trusts are required to share the same seven voting trustees, who have equal voting power, and each trustee is required to cause each Continuing Trust to vote the NAI shares held by that Continuing Trust in the same manner as the NAI shares held by the other Continuing Trust. Ms. Redstone is one of the seven voting trustees for each Continuing Trust and is one of two voting trustees who are beneficiaries of one of the Continuing Trusts. No member of our management, or other member of our the ViacomCBS Board, is a trustee of either of the Continuing Trusts. Subject to the terms of the Governance Agreement dated as of August 13, 2019, which is incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, NAI is in a position to control the outcome of corporate actions that require, or may be accomplished by, stockholder approval, including amending ViacomCBS’ bylaws, the election or removal of directors and transactions involving a change of control. For example, the ViacomCBS bylaws provide that: • • • the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the aggregate voting power of all outstanding shares of our capital stock then entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, is required for our stockholders to amend, alter, change, repeal or adopt any of our bylaws; any or all of our directors may be removed from office at any time prior to the expiration of his or her term of office, with or without cause, only by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of outstanding shares representing at least a majority of all the aggregate voting power of outstanding shares of our Common Stock then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class at a special meeting of our stockholders called expressly for that purpose; provided that during the two-year period following the closing date of the Merger, the removal of our Chief Executive Officer requires the approval of the ViacomCBS Board by the “Requisite Approval” (as defined in the ViacomCBS certificate of incorporation incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this Annual Report on Form 10-K); provided further, that during the two-year period following the closing date, NAI and NAI Entertainment Holdings LLC are not permitted to remove any other persons who were members of the ViacomCBS Board at the effective time of the Merger in accordance with the Merger Agreement or who otherwise become members the ViacomCBS Board (other than any of the NAI Affiliated Directors (as defined in the bylaws)) without the Requisite Approval; and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our stockholders may act by written consent without a meeting if such stockholders hold the number of shares representing not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such actions at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Accordingly, ViacomCBS stockholders who may have different interests are unable to affect the outcome of any such corporate actions for so long as NAI retains voting control. For more information, see the Governance Agreement incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. I-30 Sales of NAI’s shares of ViacomCBS Common Stock, some of which are pledged to lenders, could adversely affect the stock price Based on information received from NAI, NAI has pledged to its lenders a portion of shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly by NAI. At December 31, 2020, the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock pledged by NAI to its lenders represented approximately 4.1% of the total outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. If there is a default on NAI’s debt obligations and the lenders foreclose on the pledged shares, the lenders may not effect a transfer, sale or disposition of any pledged shares of our Class A Common Stock unless NAI and its affiliates beneficially own 50% or less of our Class A Common Stock then outstanding or such shares have first been converted into our Class B Common Stock. A sale of the pledged shares could adversely affect our Common Stock share price. In addition, there can be no assurance that at some future time NAI will not sell or pledge additional shares of our Common Stock, which could adversely affect our Common Stock share price. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. Not applicable. Item 2. Properties. Our significant physical properties are described below. In addition, we own and lease office, studio, production and warehouse space and broadcast, antenna and satellite transmission facilities throughout the U.S. and around the world for our businesses. We consider our properties adequate for our present needs. ViacomCBS • Our global headquarters is located at 1515 Broadway, New York, New York, where we lease approximately 1.6 million square feet for executive, administrative and business offices for the Company and certain of our operating divisions. The lease runs through 2031, with two renewal options based on market rates at the time of renewal for ten years each. • We also own a building at 51 West 52nd Street, New York, New York containing approximately 892,000 square feet of space. Of the 855,000 square feet of office space in the building, we occupy approximately 270,000 square feet and lease the balance to third parties. We have announced our intention to sell this property when market conditions allow. TV Entertainment • We own the CBS Broadcast Center complex located on approximately 3.7 acres at 524 West 57th Street, New York, New York, which consists of approximately 860,000 square feet of office, studio and production space. • We own the CBS Studio Center at 4024 Radford Avenue, Studio City, California, located on approximately 40 acres and used for executive and administrative offices, sounds stages and production facilities and other ancillary uses. • We occupy approximately 330,000 square feet of office and production space at 555 West 57th Street, New York, New York under a lease expiring in 2023. Cable Networks • We occupy approximately 281,000 square feet of office and production space at 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York, under a lease expiring in 2022. I-31 • We occupy approximately 210,000 square feet of office and production space at 1575 North Gower Street, Los Angeles, California, under a lease expiring in 2028. • Our Network Operations Center in Hauppauge, New York contains approximately 65,000 square feet of floor space on approximately nine acres of owned land. • The Nickelodeon Animation Studio at 203-231 West Olive Avenue, Burbank, California contains approximately 180,000 square feet of studio and office space, leased under two leases expiring in 2036. • Nickelodeon’s Live Action Studio contains approximately 108,000 square feet of stage and office space at Burbank Studios, 3000 West Alameda Avenue, Burbank, California, under a lease expiring in 2024. • • Showtime Networks leases approximately 253,000 square feet of office and production space at 1633 Broadway, New York, New York, under a lease expiring in 2026 and leases approximately 56,000 square feet of office space at The Lot, 1041 N. Formosa Avenue, West Hollywood, California, under a lease expiring in 2028. Telefe occupies approximately 496,000 square feet of office, studio and production space, transmission facilities and for other ancillary uses at its owned and leased facilities in Buenos Aires, Argentina. • VCNI occupies approximately 140,000 square feet of office, studio and production space at its owned and leased Hawley Crescent facilities in London. • Network 10 leases approximately 120,000 square feet of office, studio and production space at 1 Saunders Street, Pyrmont, New South Wales, Australia, under a lease expiring in 2023. Filmed Entertainment • Paramount owns the Paramount Pictures Studio lot situated at 5555 Melrose Avenue, Los Angeles, California, located on approximately 62 acres of land, and containing approximately 1.85 million square feet of floor space used for executive, administrative and business offices, sound stages, production facilities, theatres, equipment facilities and other ancillary uses. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. The information set forth under the caption “Legal Matters” in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. I-32 Part II Item 5. Market for ViacomCBS Inc.’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Purchases of Equity Securities. Our voting Class A Common Stock and non-voting Class B Common Stock are listed and traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “VIACA” and “VIAC”, respectively. We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2020, resulting in total dividends for the year of $601 million, or $.96 per share. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019 and during each of the four quarters of 2018. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.72, resulting in total annual dividends of $274 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.80, resulting in total annual dividends of $325 million. On February 9, 2021, we announced a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, payable on April 1, 2021. We currently expect to continue to pay a regular cash dividend to our stockholders. In November 2010, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase $1.5 billion of our common stock in open market purchases or other types of transactions (including accelerated stock repurchases or privately negotiated transactions). Since then, various increases totaling $16.4 billion have been approved and announced, including most recently, an increase to the share repurchase program to a total availability of $6.0 billion on July 28, 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we did not purchase any shares of our common stock. Our publicly announced share repurchase program had remaining authorization of $2.36 billion at December 31, 2020. As of February 19, 2021, there were approximately 2,133 record holders of our Class A Common Stock and approximately 29,999 record holders of our Class B Common Stock. II-1 Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of our Class A and Class B Common Stock with the cumulative total return on the companies listed in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Media and Entertainment Industry Group Index (“S&P 500 Media and Entertainment Index”). We began presenting the S&P Media and Entertainment Index in 2020 in order to provide a comparison to a wider range of companies in the media industry than the peer group of companies that was presented in prior years (“Prior Peer Group”). Accordingly, this graph also presents the cumulative shareholder return for the Prior Peer Group, as required by the SEC in the year of change. The performance graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2015 in each of our Class A and Class B Common Stock, the S&P 500, the S&P 500 Media and Entertainment Index, and the Prior Peer Group identified below, including reinvestment of dividends, through the calendar year ended December 31, 2020. Total Cumulative Stockholder Return For Five-Year Period Ended December 31, 2020 December 31, Class A Common Stock Class B Common Stock S & P 500 Prior Peer Group S&P 500 Media & Entertainment Index (a) 2015 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 2016 $126 $137 $112 $102 $114 2017 $117 $128 $136 $110 $121 2018 $87 $96 $130 $125 $108 2019 $91 $94 $171 $157 $145 2020 $79 $87 $203 $189 $190 (a) The Prior Peer Group consists of the following companies: The Walt Disney Company (“Disney”), Fox Corporation and Discovery Inc. II-2 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition. (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Management’s discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of ViacomCBS Inc. should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. References in this document to “ViacomCBS,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to ViacomCBS Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Significant components of management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition include: • Overview—Summary of ViacomCBS and our business and operational highlights. • Consolidated Results of Operations—Analysis of our results on a consolidated basis for each of the three years ended December 31, 2020. • Segment Results of Operations—Analysis of our results on a reportable segment basis for each of the three years ended December 31, 2020. • Liquidity and Capital Resources—Discussion of our cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2020, and of our outstanding debt, commitments and contingencies as of December 31, 2020. • Critical Accounting Policies—Detail with respect to accounting policies that are considered by management to require significant judgment and use of estimates and that could have a significant impact on our financial statements. • Legal Matters—Discussion of legal matters to which we are involved. • Market Risk—Discussion of how we manage exposure to market and interest rate risks. Overview ViacomCBS is a leading global media and entertainment company that creates premium content and experiences for audiences worldwide. Merger with Viacom Inc. On December 4, 2019, Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) merged with and into CBS Corporation (“CBS”), with CBS continuing as the surviving company (the “Merger”). At the effective time of the Merger, the combined company changed its name to ViacomCBS Inc. The Merger has been accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control as National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”) was the controlling stockholder of each of CBS and Viacom (and remains the controlling stockholder of ViacomCBS). Upon the closing of the Merger, the net assets of Viacom were combined with those of CBS at their historical carrying amounts and the companies have been presented on a combined basis for all periods presented. II-3 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Impact of COVID-19 The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic negatively impacted the macroeconomic environment in the United States and globally, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations in 2020. We experienced a material negative impact on our advertising revenues, particularly at the end of the first quarter and throughout the second quarter, as a result of weakness in the advertising market as advertisers sought to reduce costs in response to the pandemic’s impact on their businesses, the cancellation of sporting events for which we have broadcast rights, including the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Championship (the “NCAA Tournament”) in the first quarter, and the delay of the 2020-21 television broadcast season as a result of temporary production shutdowns. The rate of decline was lower in the second half of the year, with sequential improvement in the third and fourth quarters. While we are not able to predict when or if advertising revenue will return to historical levels, we expect that it will be impacted to a lesser extent in 2021. COVID-19 also had a negative effect on our content licensing revenues in 2020. Temporary television and film production shutdowns resulted in the abandonment of content that was not completed, delays in the delivery of programming to third parties, and fewer original programs and live events airing on our broadcast and cable networks. We also experienced lower demand for the licensing of our content from advertising-supported licensees. While production has resumed, we are not able to predict whether we will encounter future production delays or shutdowns, or if and to what extent content licensing revenues will continue to be negatively impacted. Additionally, with the resumption of production we began incurring incremental costs relating to health and safety protocols, which are expected to continue throughout 2021. In addition, our theatrical revenues have been negatively impacted by the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters that show our films as a result of COVID-19, which impacted our theatrical releases in 2020. Accordingly, we have rescheduled certain theatrical releases and licensed others to our owned or third-party streaming services. We are not able to predict when or whether movie theaters will reopen at scale, whether consumers will return at the same levels they previously did because of concerns related to COVID-19 or because of changes to viewing habits, or whether revenues from theatrical releases will be comparable to historical levels. While COVID-19 has negatively impacted parts of our business, we have benefited from increases in subscribers for our subscription streaming services and monthly active users (“MAUs”) for Pluto TV. Additionally, the impact from the lower revenues has been partially mitigated by lower costs as a result of decreases in production and distribution costs, mainly resulting from production shutdowns and fewer theatrical releases; lower advertising and promotion costs; and cost-savings initiatives. We have taken steps to strengthen our financial position during this period of market uncertainty, such as the issuance of long-term debt and redemption of near-term debt discussed under “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and we will continue to actively monitor the potential impact of COVID-19 and related events on the commercial paper and credit markets. The magnitude of the continuing impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or control, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and such governmental actions, and economic and operating conditions in the aftermath of COVID-19. Even after COVID-19 has subsided, we may experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of the pandemic, we are not able to estimate the full extent of the impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. II-4 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Operational Highlights 2020 vs. 2019 Consolidated results of operations Year Ended December 31, GAAP: Revenues Operating income Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations (a) Non-GAAP: Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Free cash flow 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 25,285 4,139 2,305 3.73 2,215 5,132 2,595 4.20 1,891 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 26,998 4,146 3,168 5.13 1,171 5,393 2,983 4.83 826 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (1,713) (7) (863) (1.40) 1,044 (261) (388) (.63) 1,065 (6)% — % (27)% (27)% 89 % (5)% (13)% (13)% 129 % (a) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” and “Free Cash Flow” for reconciliations of non-GAAP results to the most directly comparable financial measures in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). For 2020, revenues decreased 6% to $25.29 billion from $27.00 billion in 2019, driven by the adverse effects of COVID-19 on our business, including lower demand in the advertising market, the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters, the cancellation of live events for which we have the broadcast rights, and production shutdowns. The revenue comparison was also impacted by CBS’ broadcasts in 2019 of annual tentpole sporting events, the Super Bowl and the semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament, which we have the rights to broadcast on a rotational basis with other networks, including in 2019 and 2021. In addition, the games in the preceding rounds of the NCAA Tournament are shared equally each year between CBS and Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. (“Turner”). However, the 2020 NCAA Tournament was cancelled as a result of COVID-19. These decreases were partially offset by a 49% increase in streaming revenues, reflecting growth across our streaming services, including Pluto TV, CBS All Access (to be rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021), Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“Showtime OTT”), and BET+, as well as record political advertising sales. Operating income for 2020 remained flat at $4.14 billion. Each year was impacted by items identified as affecting comparability, including programming, restructuring and impairment charges and costs for other corporate matters, as well as a gain on the sale of CNET Media Group (“CMG”) in 2020 and a gain on the sale of the CBS Television City property and sound stage operation (“CBS Television City”) in 2019. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures.” Adjusted OIBDA decreased 5%, primarily reflecting the decline in revenues, partially offset by lower expenses as a result of production shutdowns, the absence in 2020 of certain major sporting events, fewer theatrical releases, lower advertising and promotion costs reflecting the broadcast of fewer original programs, and the benefit from cost savings, including from restructuring activities. The lower expenses were partially offset by increased costs to support the growth and expansion of our streaming services. For 2020, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and diluted EPS from continuing operations each decreased 27% from 2019. These comparisons were impacted by items identified as affecting comparability, including the aforementioned items impacting operating income, a loss on extinguishment of debt II-5 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) in 2020, net gains from investments, and discrete tax items. Adjusted net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and adjusted diluted EPS each decreased 13%, reflecting the lower Adjusted OIBDA and the noncontrolling interest’s share of profit from the licensing of South Park during the second quarter of 2020. Adjusted OIBDA, adjusted net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations are non-GAAP financial measures. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” for details of the items excluded from financial results, and reconciliations of adjusted results to the most directly comparable financial measures in accordance with GAAP. We generated operating cash flows from continuing operations of $2.22 billion in 2020 compared with $1.17 billion in 2019. Free cash flow was $1.89 billion for 2020 compared with $826 million for 2019. These increases primarily reflect lower spending, including for programming, production, advertising and distribution costs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19 and cost savings, as well as lower payments for income taxes in 2020. These items were partially offset by the decline in revenues and higher payments for restructuring, merger-related costs and costs to achieve synergies. Operating cash flow and free cash flow included payments for restructuring, merger-related costs and costs to achieve synergies which totaled $584 million and $362 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively. Also included in free cash flow for 2020 are capital expenditures of $40 million associated with costs to achieve synergies. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Free Cash Flow” for a reconciliation of net cash flow provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, to free cash flow. Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures Results for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 included certain items identified as affecting comparability. Adjusted OIBDA, adjusted earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, adjusted provision for income taxes, adjusted net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS, and adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations (together, the “adjusted measures”) exclude the impact of these items and are measures of performance not calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use these measures to, among other things, evaluate our operating performance. These measures are among the primary measures used by management for planning and forecasting of future periods, and they are important indicators of our operational strength and business performance. In addition, we use Adjusted OIBDA to, among other things, value prospective acquisitions. We believe these measures are relevant and useful for investors because they allow investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by our management; provide a clearer perspective on our underlying performance; and make it easier for investors, analysts and peers to compare our operating performance to other companies in our industry and to compare our year-over-year results. Because the adjusted measures are measures of performance not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, operating income, earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, provision for income taxes, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS or diluted EPS from continuing operations, as applicable, as indicators of operating performance. These measures, as we calculate them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. II-6 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following tables reconcile the adjusted measures to their most directly comparable financial measures in accordance with GAAP. Year Ended December 31, Operating Income (GAAP) (a) Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and other corporate matters Programming charges Gain on sales (b) (b) (b) Adjusted OIBDA (Non-GAAP) 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 4,139 430 618 159 (214) 5,132 $ $ 4,146 438 769 589 (549) 5,393 $ $ 5,062 427 489 162 — 6,140 (a) Includes impairment charges of $25 million and $20 million to reduce the carrying value of intangible assets to fair value for 2020 and 2019, respectively. 2020 also includes accelerated depreciation of $12 million for technology that was abandoned in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger. (b) See notes on the following tables for additional information on items affecting comparability. Year Ended December 31, 2020 Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes 3,147 $ Provision for Income Taxes (535) $ Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS 2,305 $ Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations 3.73 $ Reported (GAAP) Items affecting comparability: (a) (c) (d) Restructuring and other corporate matters (b) Impairment charge Depreciation of abandoned technology Programming charges Gain on sales Net gains from investments Loss on extinguishment of debt Discrete tax items Impairment of equity-method investment (g) (e) (f) Adjusted (Non-GAAP) $ 618 25 12 159 (214) (206) 126 — — 3,667 (133) (6) (3) (39) 31 50 (29) (110) — (774) $ 485 19 9 120 (183) (156) 97 (110) 9 2,595 $ .79 .03 .01 .20 (.30) (.25) .16 (.18) .01 4.20 $ (a) Reflects severance, exit costs and other costs related to the Merger and a charge to write down property and equipment classified as held for sale. (b) Reflects a charge to reduce the carrying values of FCC licenses in two markets to their fair values. (c) Reflects accelerated depreciation for technology that was abandoned in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger. (d) Programming charges primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19. (e) Reflects a gain on the sale of CMG. (f) Primarily reflects an increase in the value of our investment in fuboTV, Inc. (“fuboTV”), which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020. (g) Primarily reflects a benefit from the remeasurement of our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 17% to 19% enacted during the third quarter of 2020. II-7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Reported (GAAP) Items affecting comparability: (a) Restructuring and other corporate matters (b) Impairment charge Programming charges Gain on sales Net gains from investments Discrete tax items Adjusted (Non-GAAP) (d) (c) (e) (f) Year Ended December 31, 2019 Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes 3,223 $ Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes $ 29 Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS 3,168 $ 769 20 589 (549) (85) — 3,967 $ (133) (6) (142) 163 16 (827) (900) $ 636 14 447 (386) (69) (827) 2,983 $ Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations 5.13 $ 1.03 .02 .73 (.63) (.11) (1.34) 4.83 $ (a) Reflects severance and exit costs relating to restructuring activities and costs incurred in connection with the Merger, legal proceedings involving the Company and other corporate matters. (b) Reflects a charge to reduce the carrying value of our international broadcast licenses in Australia to their fair value. (c) Programming charges principally reflect accelerated amortization associated with changes in the expected monetization of certain programs, and decisions to cease airing, alter future airing patterns or not renew certain programs, in connection with management changes implemented as a result of the Merger. (d) Reflects a gain on the sale of CBS Television City. (e) Reflects a gain on marketable securities of $113 million; gains of $22 million on the sale and acquisition of joint ventures; and an impairment charge of $50 million to write down an investment to its fair value. (f) Primarily reflects a deferred tax benefit of $768 million resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations; a tax benefit of $44 million realized in connection with the preparation of the 2018 federal tax return, based on further clarity provided by the United States government on tax positions relating to federal tax legislation enacted in December 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”); and a tax benefit of $39 million triggered by the bankruptcy of an investee. II-8 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Reported (GAAP) Items affecting comparability: (a) (b) Restructuring and other corporate matters Programming charges Gain on extinguishment of debt Net loss from investments Discrete tax items Adjusted (Non-GAAP) (d) (c) Year Ended December 31, 2018 Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes 3,984 $ 489 162 (18) 53 — 4,670 $ Provision for Income Taxes (580) $ (116) (39) 4 (16) (297) (1,044) $ Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS 3,320 $ Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations 5.35 $ 373 123 (14) 37 (297) 3,542 $ .59 .20 (.02) .06 (.48) 5.70 $ (a) Primarily reflects severance and exit costs relating to restructuring activities as well as professional fees related to legal proceedings, cost transformation initiatives, investigations at our Company and the evaluation of potential merger activity. (b) Reflects programming charges resulting from changes to our programming strategy, including at CBS Films and our Cable Networks segment, in connection with management changes. (c) Reflects a loss on marketable securities of $23 million; an impairment charge of $46 million to write down an investment to its fair value; and a gain of $16 million on the sale of a 1% equity interest in Viacom18 to our joint venture partner. (d) Primarily reflects a net discrete tax benefit of $80 million related to the Tax Reform Act and other tax law changes; a net tax benefit of $71 million relating to a tax accounting method change granted by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”); and the reversal of a valuation allowance of $140 million relating to capital loss carryforwards that were utilized in connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019. Consolidated Results of Operations—2020 vs. 2019 Revenues Revenues by Type Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Theatrical Other Total Revenues 2020 $ 9,751 9,166 5,963 180 225 $ 25,285 % of Total Revenues 38 % 36 24 1 1 100 % $ 2019 11,074 8,602 6,483 547 292 $ 26,998 % of Total Revenues 41 % 32 24 2 1 100 % Increase/(Decrease) $ (1,323) 564 (520) (367) (67) (1,713) $ $ % (12)% 7 (8) (67) (23) (6)% II-9 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Streaming Revenues The following tables present our global streaming revenues by type and by segment. Streaming revenues are earned from advertising on our pay and free streaming services, including Pluto TV, CBS All Access (to be rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021), and CBSN; subscription fees for our pay streaming services, including CBS All Access, Showtime OTT, BET+ and Noggin; and advertising and subscriptions for our other digital video products. Streaming Revenues by Type Year Ended December 31, Advertising Subscription (a) Total Streaming Revenues Streaming Revenues by Segment Year Ended December 31, TV Entertainment (c) Cable Networks (b) Total Streaming Revenues 2020 2019 $ $ $ $ 1,418 1,143 2,561 2020 911 1,650 2,561 $ $ $ $ 1,005 709 1,714 2019 701 1,013 1,714 $ $ $ $ Increase/(Decrease) $ % 413 434 847 41 % 61 49 % Increase/(Decrease) $ % 210 637 847 30 % 63 49 % (a) Subscription streaming revenues are included within affiliate revenues. (b) Primarily includes CBS All Access, CBSN and other CBS branded digital video products. (c) Primarily includes Pluto TV, Showtime OTT, BET+, Noggin, our international streaming services, and other digital video products. Included in total streaming revenues are $2.46 billion and $1.63 billion of domestic revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, our global streaming subscribers totaled 29.9 million, which included domestic subscribers of 19.2 million, and global MAUs for Pluto TV were 43.1 million, which included 30.1 million domestic MAUs. Global subscribers include customers who access our domestic or international streaming services, either directly through our owned and operated apps and websites, or through third-party distributors. Advertising Advertising revenues are generated primarily from the sale of advertising spots on the CBS Television Network, our basic cable networks and our television stations, as well as on our advertising-supported streaming services, and on our websites. Our advertising revenues include integrated marketing services, which provide unique branded content and custom sponsorship opportunities to our advertisers. For 2020, the 12% decrease in advertising revenues was driven by the adverse effects of COVID-19, including lower demand in the advertising market and the cancellation of the NCAA Tournament, as well as the comparison against CBS’ broadcasts in 2019 of annual tentpole sporting events that we have the rights to broadcast on a rotational basis with other networks, the Super Bowl and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament. These decreases were partially offset by 41% growth in advertising from our streaming businesses, led by Pluto TV, as well as record political advertising revenues associated with the U.S. presidential election in 2020. In 2021, the advertising revenue comparison will benefit from the broadcasts of Super Bowl LV and the NCAA Tournament. Under the current contract with the NFL, the Super Bowl is broadcast on the CBS Television Network on a rotating basis with other networks through the 2022 season, with CBS broadcasting these games in 2019 and 2021. Under agreements with the NCAA and Turner, the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament are broadcast on CBS every other year through 2032, including in 2019 and 2021, and in each year the games in the preceding rounds of the tournament are shared equally between CBS and Turner. II-10 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) However, the 2020 NCAA Tournament was cancelled as a result of COVID-19. The benefit from the broadcasts of these sporting events in 2021 will be partially offset by lower political advertising sales. For 2020, domestic advertising revenues decreased 12% to $8.57 billion from $9.72 billion for 2019, and international advertising revenues decreased 13% to $1.18 billion from $1.36 billion for 2019, including the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes of 2 percentage points. Affiliate Affiliate revenues are principally comprised of fees received from multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) and third-party live television streaming services (“virtual MVPDs” or “vMVPDs”) for carriage of our cable networks (“cable affiliate fees”), fees received from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”); fees for authorizing the MVPDs’ and vMVPDs’ carriage of our owned television stations (“retransmission fees”); and subscription fees for our streaming services. For 2020, affiliate revenues increased 7% reflecting growth from subscription streaming revenues, higher reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues, and the launch of our basic cable networks on a vMVPD service. Subscription streaming revenues grew 61% primarily reflecting subscriber growth for CBS All Access and Showtime OTT, and the launch of BET+ in September 2019. Reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues increased 19%, driven by annual contractual increases and contract renewals with television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network, MVPDs and vMVPDs. These increases were partially offset by lower linear affiliate fees for our cable networks from MVPDs, reflecting subscriber declines. For 2020, domestic affiliate revenues increased 7% to $8.52 billion from $7.94 billion for 2019, while international affiliate revenues decreased 3% to $645 million from $665 million for 2019, including the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes of 2 percentage points. Content Licensing Content licensing revenues are principally comprised of fees from the licensing of exhibition rights for our internally-produced television and film programming to cable and broadcast networks, television stations, and subscription video-on-demand (“SVOD”) and free video-on- demand services; home entertainment revenues, which are derived from the sale and distribution of our content through DVDs and Blu-ray discs to wholesale and retail partners, as well as from the viewing of our content on a transactional basis through transactional video-on- demand (“TVOD”) and electronic sell-through services; fees from the use of our trademarks and brands for consumer products, recreation and live events; and fees from the distribution of third-party programming. For 2020, content licensing revenues decreased 8%, reflecting a lower volume of licensing primarily as a result of several significant licensing agreements for library programming in the prior-year periods, production shutdowns because of COVID-19, and significant revenues in the 2019 periods from the licensing of the final season of several series, including Jane the Virgin and Elementary. These declines were partially offset by the licensing of the domestic streaming rights to South Park to an SVOD provider in 2020. Revenues from the licensing of exhibition rights are recognized at the beginning of the license period in which programs are made available to the licensee for exhibition, and therefore, content licensing revenue comparisons are impacted by fluctuations resulting from the timing of the availability of our programming for multiyear licensing agreements. Theatrical Theatrical revenues are principally earned from the worldwide theatrical distribution of films through audience ticket sales. For 2020, the declines in theatrical revenues reflect the impact from the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters in response to COVID-19 throughout most of 2020. II-11 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Other Other revenues are principally comprised of revenues from the rental of production facilities and digital revenues from search and e- commerce partners. For 2020, other revenues decreased 23%, primarily reflecting lower revenues from the rental of our production facilities as a result of the shutdown of production due to COVID-19. Operating Expenses Operating Expenses by Type Year Ended December 31, Production Programming Participation, residual and distribution Programming charges Other Total Operating Expenses n/m - not meaningful Production % of Operating Expenses 43 % 25 18 1 13 100 % $ 2019 6,797 4,287 3,147 589 1,893 $ 16,713 % of Operating Expenses 41 % 26 19 3 11 100 % Increase/(Decrease) $ (372) (508) (513) (430) 102 (1,721) $ $ % (5)% (12) (16) n/m 5 (10)% $ 2020 6,425 3,779 2,634 159 1,995 $ 14,992 Production expenses principally reflect the amortization of costs of internally-produced television and theatrical film content as well as other television production costs, including on-air talent. For 2020, the 5% decrease primarily reflects a lower volume of production resulting from the impact of COVID-19, including fewer episodes of our original programming and a lower number of theatrical releases. Programming Programming expenses reflect the amortization of acquired programs exhibited on our television broadcast networks, cable networks and television stations. For 2020, the 12% decrease in programming expenses was driven by lower sports programming costs, including from the comparison against CBS’ broadcasts of NCAA Tournament games in 2019. The decline also reflects the mix of programming on our broadcast network. Participation, Residual and Distribution Participation, residual and distribution costs primarily include participation and residual expenses for television and film programming and other distribution expenses incurred with respect to film and television content, such as print and advertising. For 2020, participation, residual and distribution costs decreased 16% reflecting distribution costs in the prior-year periods to support theatrical releases, including Gemini Man, Rocketman, and Dora and the Lost City of Gold. Theatrical distribution costs were significantly lower in the 2020 periods as a result of the closure or reduced capacity of movie theaters due to COVID-19. The lower expenses also reflect the decline in content licensing revenues, as well as the mix of titles licensed in each year. Programming Charges During 2020, we recorded programming charges of $159 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19. During 2019, in connection with the Merger, we implemented management changes across the organization. In connection with these changes, we performed an evaluation of our programming portfolio across all of our II-12 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) businesses, including an assessment of the optimal use of our programming in the marketplace, which resulted in the identification of programs not aligned with management’s strategy. As a result, we recorded programming charges of $589 million principally reflecting accelerated amortization associated with changes in the expected monetization of certain programs, and decisions to cease airing, alter future airing patterns or not renew certain programs. Other Other operating expenses primarily include compensation, revenue-sharing costs with our affiliated stations, and other ancillary and overhead costs associated with our operations. For 2020, the 5% increase in other operating expenses was driven by increased revenue-sharing costs as a result of the growth in retransmission and subscription streaming revenues. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Year Ended December 31, Selling, general and administrative expenses 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ 5,320 $ 5,481 $ (161) (3)% Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include expenses incurred for selling and marketing costs, occupancy, professional service fees and back office support, including employee compensation. The 3% decrease in SG&A expenses was driven by savings from restructuring and other cost savings initiatives, as well as lower travel and entertainment and other expense decreases associated with shutdowns resulting from COVID-19. The decrease in SG&A expenses also includes lower advertising and promotion costs reflecting the broadcast of fewer original programs, partially offset by increased costs to support the growth and expansion of our streaming services. Depreciation and Amortization Year Ended December 31, Depreciation and amortization 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ 430 $ 438 $ (8) (2)% Depreciation and amortization expense reflects depreciation of fixed assets, including transponders and equipment under finance leases, amortization of finite-lived intangible assets, and impairment of fixed and intangible assets, when applicable. For 2020, amortization expense included an impairment charge of $25 million in the TV Entertainment segment to write down the carrying values of FCC licenses in two markets to their fair values (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements) and accelerated depreciation of $12 million resulting from the abandonment of technology in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger (see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements). For 2019, amortization expense included an impairment charge of $20 million to reduce the carrying value of broadcast licenses in Australia to their fair value. The comparison for depreciation and amortization also includes a decline as a result of assets that became fully depreciated. II-13 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Restructuring and Other Corporate Matters During 2020 and 2019, we recorded costs for restructuring and other corporate matters as follows: Year Ended December 31, Severance Exit costs and other Restructuring charges Merger-related costs Other corporate matters Restructuring and other corporate matters 2020 2019 $ $ 472 70 542 56 20 618 $ $ 395 23 418 294 57 769 During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $542 million, associated with cost-transformation initiatives in connection with the Merger in an effort to reduce redundancies across our businesses. These charges primarily consist of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation. In addition, in 2020 we incurred costs of $56 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of professional fees mainly associated with integration activities, as well as transaction-related bonuses. We also incurred costs of $5 million for professional fees associated with dispositions and other corporate matters, and we recorded a charge of $15 million to write down property and equipment that has been classified as held for sale to its fair value less costs to sell. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $418 million, primarily for severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, in connection with the Merger, as well as costs related to a restructuring plan initiated in the first quarter of 2019 under which severance payments were provided to certain eligible employees who voluntarily elected to participate. In addition, in 2019 we incurred costs of $294 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of financial advisory, legal and other professional fees, transaction-related bonuses, and contractual executive compensation, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, that was triggered by the Merger. We also incurred costs of $40 million in connection with the settlement of a commercial dispute and $17 million associated with legal proceedings involving the Company (see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements) and other corporate matters. Included in restructuring charges for both 2020 and 2019 were costs resulting from the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases. Gain on Sales In 2020, we completed the sale of CMG to Red Ventures for $484 million, including an estimated working capital adjustment. The purchase price consisted of a cash payment at closing of $459 million and a credit of $25 million to be used over five years for the purchase of advertising and licensing of data from Red Ventures. This transaction resulted in a gain of $214 million. In 2019, we completed the sale of CBS Television City for $750 million. We have guaranteed a specified level of cash flows to be generated by the business during the first five years following the completion of the sale. This transaction resulted in a gain of $549 million for 2019, which included a reduction for the present value of the estimated amount payable under the guarantee obligation. II-14 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Interest Expense and Interest Income Year Ended December 31, Interest expense Interest income 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ (1,031) 60 $ $ (962) 66 $ $ 69 (6) 7 % (9)% The following table presents our outstanding debt balances, excluding finance leases, and the weighted average interest rate as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: At December 31, Total long-term debt Commercial paper Other bank borrowings n/a - not applicable Net Gains from Investments 2020 19,612 — 95 $ $ $ Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.80 % n/a 3.50 % 2019 17,976 699 — $ $ $ Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.70 % 2.07 % n/a For 2020, net gains from investments of $206 million primarily reflect an increase of $213 million in the fair value of our investment in fuboTV, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020, and for 2019 net gains from investments of $85 million reflect a gain on marketable securities of $113 million, gains of $22 million on the sale and acquisition of joint ventures, and an impairment charge of $50 million to write down an investment to its fair value. Loss on Extinguishment of Debt For 2020, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $126 million associated with the early redemption of $2.77 billion of our long- term debt. Other Items, Net The following table presents the components of Other items, net. Year Ended December 31, Pension and postretirement benefit costs Foreign exchange losses Other Other items, net 2020 2019 $ $ (69) (35) 3 (101) $ $ (99) (18) 5 (112) Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes represents federal, state and local, and foreign taxes on earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies. For 2020, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $535 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of 17.0%. Included in the provision for income taxes was a discrete tax benefit of $110 million, primarily consisting of a benefit of $100 million to remeasure our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 17% to 19% enacted during the third quarter, as well as a benefit of $13 million realized in connection with the preparation of the 2019 tax returns. These items, together with a net tax benefit of $129 million on the items identified as affecting comparability in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures, including restructuring and other II-15 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) corporate matters, programming charges, and net gains from investments, reduced our effective income tax rate by 4.1 percentage points. For 2019, we recorded a tax benefit of $29 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of (0.9)%. Included in the benefit for income taxes were discrete items of $827 million, primarily consisting of a tax benefit of $768 million resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations, a tax benefit of $44 million realized in connection with the preparation of the 2018 federal tax return, based on further clarity provided by the U.S. government on tax positions relating to the Tax Reform Act, and a tax benefit of $39 million principally related to the bankruptcy of an investee. These items, taken together with a net tax benefit of $102 million on the items identified as affecting comparability in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures, including restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges, and gain on sales, reduced the effective income tax rate by 23.6 percentage points. In March 2020, the U.S. government enacted tax legislation containing provisions to support businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic (the “CARES Act”), including deferment of the employer portion of certain payroll taxes, refundable payroll tax credits, and technical amendments to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for 2020. We do not expect the future impact of the CARES Act provisions to be material. Equity in Loss of Investee Companies, Net of Tax The following table presents equity in loss of investee companies for our equity-method investments. Year Ended December 31, Equity in loss of investee companies Tax benefit Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax 2020 2019 $ $ (47) 19 (28) $ $ (72) 19 (53) $ $ Increase/(Decrease) % $ 25 — 25 35 % — 47 % For 2020, equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax includes an impairment charge of $9 million relating to an international television joint venture. Net Earnings Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Year Ended December 31, Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests 2020 2019 $ (279) $ (31) For 2020, net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests primarily reflects our joint venture partners’ share of profit from the licensing of the domestic streaming rights to South Park to an SVOD provider in the second quarter of 2020. II-16 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS and Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS Year Ended December 31, Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ 2,305 3.73 $ $ 3,168 5.13 $ $ (863) (1.40) (27)% (27)% For 2020, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and diluted EPS from continuing operations each decreased 27%, reflecting higher discrete tax benefits in 2019. Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, to Penguin Random House LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA. Simon & Schuster has been presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. The following tables set forth details of net earnings from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Year Ended December 31, 2020 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Year Ended December 31, 2019 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Simon & Schuster Other (a) Total $ $ 901 573 172 5 10 760 141 (5) 136 (34) 102 Simon & Schuster $ $ 814 510 166 5 6 687 127 (5) 122 (20) 102 $ $ $ $ — (19) — — — (19) 19 — 19 (4) 15 Other (a) — (50) — — — (50) 50 — 50 (12) 38 $ $ $ $ 901 554 172 5 10 741 160 (5) 155 (38) 117 Total 814 460 166 5 6 637 177 (5) 172 (32) 140 (a) Primarily relates to indemnification obligations for leases associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players Inc. (“Famous Players”). II-17 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Consolidated Results of Operations— 2019 vs. 2018 Revenues Revenues by Type Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Theatrical Other Total Revenues 2019 $ 11,074 8,602 6,483 547 292 $ 26,998 % of Total Revenues 41 % 32 24 2 1 100 % 2018 $ 10,841 8,376 6,163 744 301 $ 26,425 % of Total Revenues Increase/(Decrease) $ % 41 % 32 23 3 1 100 % $ $ 233 226 320 (197) (9) 573 2 % 3 5 (26) (3) 2 % Advertising For 2019, the 2% increase in advertising revenues was driven by 5% growth in domestic advertising revenues, reflecting CBS’ broadcast of tentpole sporting events in 2019, mainly Super Bowl LIII and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament, as well as higher revenues from our streaming businesses, including Pluto TV. These increases were partially offset by lower political advertising sales at our owned television stations, as a result of the benefit to 2018 from midterm elections. International advertising revenues decreased 14%, reflecting the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes, as well as softness in the Australian and U.K. markets, partially offset by increases in pricing and political advertising in Argentina. Foreign exchange rate changes had an unfavorable impact of 1- percentage point on the total advertising revenues comparison and 9-percentage points on the international advertising revenues comparison. Affiliate For 2019, the 3% increase in affiliate revenues reflects 20% growth in reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues, driven by annual contractual increases and contract renewals with MVPDs and vMVPDs, as well as 45% growth from our streaming services, including CBS All Access and Showtime OTT, driven by subscriber growth. These increases were partially offset by 5% lower cable affiliate fees, mainly resulting from subscriber declines. Domestic affiliate revenues increased 4%, while international affiliate revenues decreased 6% from 2018 driven by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Foreign exchange rate changes had an unfavorable impact of 1-percentage point on the total affiliate revenues comparison and 6-percentage points on the international affiliate revenues comparison. Content Licensing For 2019, content licensing revenues increased 5%, primarily reflecting higher revenues from the domestic licensing of our content, driven by the production of programming for third parties and the licensing of programming to SVOD providers. These increases were partially offset by a decline in international licensing revenues. Theatrical For 2019, theatrical revenues decreased 26%, principally reflecting a difficult comparison to 2018, which included the releases of Mission: Impossible - Fallout and A Quiet Place. Theatrical revenues in 2019 benefited from the releases of Rocketman, Gemini Man and Dora and the Lost City of Gold, as well as the continued success of the 2018 release, Bumblebee. Domestic theatrical revenues decreased 31% and international theatrical revenues decreased 23%. II-18 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Other For 2019, other revenues decreased 3%, mainly reflecting lower revenues from the rental of our production facilities as a result of the sale of CBS Television City in January 2019. Operating Expenses Operating Expenses by Type Year Ended December 31, Production Programming Participation, residual and distribution Programming charges Other Total Operating Expenses n/m - not meaningful Production % of Total Operating Expense 41 % 26 19 3 11 100 % $ 2018 6,483 3,965 3,057 162 1,732 $ 15,399 % of Total Operating Expense 42 % 26 20 1 11 100 % $ $ Increase/(Decrease) $ 314 322 90 427 161 1,314 % 5 % 8 3 n/m 9 9 % $ 2019 6,797 4,287 3,147 589 1,893 $ 16,713 For 2019, the 5% increase in production expenses reflected an increased investment in content, including a higher number of series produced for distribution on multiple platforms, including our streaming services and cable networks, as well as higher amortization of television production costs associated with the increase in content licensing revenues. These increases were partially offset by lower amortization of feature film costs, driven by costs in 2018 associated with Mission: Impossible - Fallout. Programming For 2019, the 8% increase in programming expenses was driven by higher sports programming costs, mainly from CBS’ broadcasts of Super Bowl LIII and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament in 2019, which were not broadcast by CBS in 2018, and programming for Pluto TV, which we acquired in March 2019. These increases were partially offset by lower amortization of acquired programming for our cable networks. Participation, Residual and Distribution For 2019, the 3% increase in participation, residual and distribution costs was driven by higher participation costs associated with the increase in content licensing revenues. Programming Charges During 2019, in connection with the Merger, we implemented management changes across the organization. In connection with these changes, we performed an evaluation of our programming portfolio across all of our businesses, including an assessment of the optimal use of our programming in the marketplace, which resulted in the identification of programs not aligned with management’s strategy. As a result, we recorded programming charges of $589 million principally reflecting accelerated amortization associated with changes in the expected monetization of certain programs, and decisions to cease airing, alter future airing patterns or not renew certain programs. II-19 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) In addition, during 2018, in connection with management changes, we recorded programming charges of $162 million relating to changes to our programming strategy, including at CBS Films, which shifted its focus from theatrical films to developing content for our streaming services, as well as at our Cable Networks segment where we ceased the use of certain programming. Other For 2019, the 9% increase in other operating expenses mainly reflected higher costs associated with growth and expansion of our streaming services. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Year Ended December 31, Selling, general and administrative expenses 2019 2018 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ 5,481 $ 5,048 $ 433 9 % For 2019, the 9% increase in SG&A expenses was driven by higher advertising and marketing costs, reflecting an increase in the number of series premieres and costs associated with our streaming services, as well as the inclusion of Pluto TV and Pop TV since their acquisitions in the first quarter of 2019. These increases were partially offset by cost savings associated with restructuring activities and compensation cost savings resulting from changes in senior management at CBS in 2018. Depreciation and Amortization Year Ended December 31, Depreciation and amortization 2019 2018 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ 438 $ 427 $ 11 3 % For 2019, depreciation and amortization expense includes an impairment charge of $20 million to reduce the carrying value of broadcast licenses in Australia to their fair value. Restructuring and Other Corporate Matters During 2019 and 2018, we recorded costs for restructuring and other corporate matters as follows: Year Ended December 31, Severance Exit costs and other Restructuring charges Restructuring-related costs Merger-related costs Other corporate matters Restructuring and other corporate matters 2019 2018 $ $ 395 23 418 — 294 57 769 $ $ 234 75 309 52 — 128 489 During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $418 million, primarily for severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, in connection with the Merger, as well as costs related to a restructuring plan initiated in the first quarter of 2019 under which severance payments were provided to certain eligible employees who voluntarily elected to participate. In addition, in 2019 we incurred costs of $294 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of financial advisory, legal and other professional fees, transaction-related bonuses, and contractual executive compensation, including the accelerated II-20 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) vesting of stock-based compensation, that was triggered by the Merger. We also incurred costs of $40 million in connection with the settlement of a commercial dispute and $17 million associated with legal proceedings involving the Company (see Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements) and other corporate matters. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges of $309 million resulting from cost transformation initiatives to improve margins, as well as restructuring-related costs of $52 million, comprised of third-party professional services associated with such initiatives. In addition, in 2018 we recorded expenses of $128 million primarily for professional fees related to legal proceedings, investigations at our Company and the evaluation of potential merger activity. Included in restructuring charges for both 2019 and 2018 were costs resulting from the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases. Gain on Sales In 2019, we completed the sale of CBS Television City for $750 million, which resulted in a gain of $549 million. We also recognized a tax benefit of $140 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 for the reversal of a valuation allowance relating to capital loss carryforwards that were utilized in connection with this sale. Interest Expense and Interest Income Year Ended December 31, Interest expense Interest income 2019 2018 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ (962) 66 $ $ (1,030) 79 $ $ (68) (13) (7)% (16)% The following table presents our outstanding debt balances, excluding finance leases, and the weighted average interest rate as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: At December 31, Total long-term debt Commercial paper Net Gains (Losses) from Investments 2019 17,976 699 $ $ Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.70 % 2.07 % 2018 18,370 674 $ $ Weighted Average Interest Rate 4.64 % 3.02 % For 2019, net gains from investment of $85 million included a gain on marketable securities of $113 million, gains of $22 million on the sale and acquisition of joint ventures, and an impairment charge of $50 million to write down an investment to its fair value. For 2018, the net loss on investments of $53 million included a loss on marketable securities of $23 million, an impairment charge of $46 million to write an investment down to its fair value, and a gain of $16 million on the sale of a 1% equity interest in Viacom18 to our joint venture partner. Gain on Early Extinguishment of Debt For 2018, we recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $18 million associated with the redemption of senior notes and debentures prior to maturity totaling $1.13 billion. II-21 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Other Items, Net The following table presents the components of Other items, net. Year Ended December 31, Pension and postretirement benefit costs Foreign exchange losses Other Other items, net 2019 2018 $ $ (99) (18) 5 (112) $ $ (65) (19) (8) (92) Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes For 2019, we recorded a tax benefit of $29 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of (0.9)%. Included in the benefit for income taxes were discrete items of $827 million, primarily consisting of a tax benefit of $768 million resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations, a tax benefit of $44 million realized in connection with the preparation of the 2018 federal tax return, based on further clarity provided by the U.S. government on tax positions relating to the Tax Reform Act, and a tax benefit of $39 million principally related to the bankruptcy of an investee. These items, taken together with a net tax benefit of $102 million on the items identified as affecting comparability in Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures, including restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges, and gain on sales, reduced the effective income tax rate by 23.6 percentage points. For 2018, the provision for income taxes was $580 million, reflecting an effective income tax rate of 14.6%. The provision for income taxes included discrete items of $297 million, primarily consisting of the reversal of a valuation allowance of $140 million relating to capital loss carryforwards that were utilized in connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019; a tax benefit of $80 million relating to the Tax Reform Act and other tax law changes; and a tax benefit of $71 million relating to a tax accounting method change granted by the IRS. Equity in Loss of Investee Companies, Net of Tax The following table presents equity in loss of investee companies for our equity-method investments. Year Ended December 31, Equity in loss of investee companies Tax benefit Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax 2019 2018 $ $ (72) 19 (53) $ $ (62) 15 (47) $ $ Increase/(Decrease) % $ (10) 4 (6) (16)% 27 (13)% II-22 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Net Earnings from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS and Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations Attributable to ViacomCBS Year Ended December 31, Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS 2019 2018 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ 3,168 5.13 $ $ 3,320 5.35 $ $ (152) (.22) (5)% (4)% For 2019, net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS and diluted EPS from continuing operations decreased 5% and 4%, respectively, primarily driven by the lower operating income, mainly reflecting our increased investment in content. The lower operating income was partially offset by the aforementioned discrete tax benefits. Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax The following tables set forth details of net earnings from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Year Ended December 31, 2019 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Year Ended December 31, 2018 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Simon & Schuster Other (a) Total $ $ 814 510 166 5 6 687 127 (5) 122 (20) 102 Simon & Schuster $ $ 825 518 158 6 1 683 142 (2) 140 (37) 103 $ $ $ $ — (50) — — — (50) 50 — 50 (12) 38 Other (a) — (42) — — — (42) 42 — 42 (10) 32 $ $ $ $ 814 460 166 5 6 637 177 (5) 172 (32) 140 Total 825 476 158 6 1 641 184 (2) 182 (47) 135 (a) Primarily relates to indemnification obligations for leases associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players. II-23 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Segments We operate in the following three segments: TV ENTERTAINMENT: TV Entertainment consists of the CBS Television Network, our domestic broadcast network; CBS Studios and CBS Media Ventures, our television production and syndication operations; our CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS All Access (to be rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021) and CBSN, among others; CBS Sports Network, our cable network focused on college athletics and other sports; and CBS Television Stations, our owned broadcast television stations. TV Entertainment’s revenues are generated primarily from advertising sales, the licensing and distribution of content, and affiliate revenues, comprised of reverse compensation, retransmission fees, and subscription fees for our streaming services. CABLE NETWORKS: Cable Networks operates a portfolio of premium subscription cable networks, including Showtime; basic cable networks including BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, and Smithsonian Channel, among others; streaming services including Pluto TV, Showtime OTT, Noggin, and BET+; international extensions of these brands; and our international free-to-air broadcast networks, including Network 10, Channel 5 and Telefe. Cable Networks’ revenues are generated primarily from affiliate revenues, comprised of fees from MVPDs and vMVPDs for carriage of our cable networks, and subscription fees from our streaming services; advertising sales; and the licensing of our content and brands. FILMED ENTERTAINMENT: Our Filmed Entertainment segment operates Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, and Paramount Television Studios, and also includes Miramax, a consolidated joint venture. Filmed Entertainment’s revenues are generated primarily from the release and/or distribution of films theatrically, the release and/or distribution of film and television product through home entertainment, the licensing of film and television product to television and digital platforms and other ancillary activities. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster, which was previously reported as the Publishing segment. Simon & Schuster has been presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. We present operating income (loss) excluding depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, costs for restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges and gain on sales, each where applicable (“Adjusted OIBDA”), as the primary measure of profit and loss for our operating segments in accordance with FASB guidance for segment reporting. We believe the presentation of Adjusted OIBDA is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view segment performance in a manner similar to the primary method used by our management and enhances their ability to understand our operating performance. Stock-based compensation is excluded from our segment measure of profit and loss because it is set and approved by our Board of Directors in consultation with corporate executive management. Stock-based compensation is included as a component of our consolidated Adjusted OIBDA. The reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to our consolidated net earnings is presented in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements. II-24 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Segment Results of Operations - 2020 vs. 2019 Year Ended December 31, Revenues: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Total Revenues 2020 $ $ 10,700 12,589 2,562 (566) 25,285 % of Total Revenues 42 % 50 10 (2) 100 % 2019 $ $ 11,924 12,449 2,990 (365) 26,998 % of Total Revenues Increase/(Decrease) % $ 44 % 46 11 (1) 100 % $ $ (1,224) 140 (428) (201) (1,713) (10)% 1 (14) (55) (6)% Year Ended December 31, Adjusted OIBDA: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Stock-based compensation Total Adjusted OIBDA Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and other corporate matters Programming charges Gain on sales Total Operating Income n/m - not meaningful Year Ended December 31, Depreciation and Amortization: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Depreciation and Amortization 2020 2019 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ $ $ 1,857 3,746 215 (500) (186) 5,132 (430) (618) (159) 214 4,139 2020 162 205 36 27 430 $ $ $ $ 2,443 3,515 80 (449) (196) 5,393 (438) (769) (589) 549 4,146 2019 150 219 37 32 438 $ $ $ $ (586) 231 135 (51) 10 (261) 8 151 430 (335) (7) (24)% 7 169 (11) 5 (5) 2 n/m n/m n/m — % Increase/(Decrease) % $ 12 (14) (1) (5) (8) 8 % (6) (3) (16) (2)% II-25 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2020 2019 $ $ $ 5,035 3,129 2,369 167 10,700 1,857 $ $ $ 6,008 2,550 3,157 209 11,924 2,443 Increase/(Decrease) % $ (973) 579 (788) (42) (1,224) (16)% 23 (25) (20) (10)% (586) (24)% $ $ $ TV Entertainment Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Other Revenues Adjusted OIBDA Revenues For 2020, the 10% decrease in revenues was mainly driven by the comparison against CBS’ broadcasts of tentpole sporting events in 2019, the impact of COVID-19 on our business during 2020, including weakness in the advertising market and the delay to the start of the television broadcast season, and lower content licensing revenues, partially offset by growth in affiliate revenues. Advertising The 16% decrease in advertising revenues was primarily driven by the aforementioned impact of COVID-19, as well as the comparison against CBS’ broadcasts of Super Bowl LIII and the NCAA Tournament in 2019. Under the current contract with the NFL, the Super Bowl is broadcast on the CBS Television Network on a rotating basis with other networks through the 2022 season, with CBS broadcasting these games in 2019 and 2021. The 2020 NCAA Tournament, which was scheduled to be broadcast by CBS in the first quarter of 2020, was cancelled as a result of COVID-19. In addition, the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament, which are broadcast by CBS every other year through 2032 under agreements with the NCAA and Turner, were broadcast on CBS in the second quarter of 2019. Advertising revenues in 2020 benefited from record political advertising associated with the U.S. presidential election in 2020. Affiliate Affiliate revenues grew 23%, reflecting 19% growth in reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues, as well as subscriber growth at CBS All Access. Content Licensing Content licensing revenues decreased 25%, mainly due to a lower volume of licensing of our programming during 2020, as 2019 included several significant licensing agreements for library programming and the licensing of the final season of several series, including Jane the Virgin and Elementary, and 2020 was impacted by production delays related to COVID-19. Other Other revenues decreased 20%, primarily reflecting lower revenues from the rental of our production facilities as a result of production shutdowns due to COVID-19. Revenues in 2021 will benefit from the CBS Television Network’s broadcasts of Super Bowl LV and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament. Comparability in 2021 will be negatively II-26 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) impacted, however, by lower political advertising revenues driven by the comparison against the U.S. presidential election in 2020. Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA decreased 24% driven by the decline in revenues and increased costs to support the growth and expansion of CBS All Access. These decreases were partially offset by lower production and programming costs as a result of the comparison against the broadcast of major sporting events in 2019, production shutdowns in 2020 due to COVID-19, and the mix of programming. Participation expense was also lower as a result of the decline in content licensing revenues. Cable Networks Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Revenues Adjusted OIBDA Revenues 2020 2019 $ $ $ 4,743 6,037 1,809 12,589 3,746 $ $ $ 5,129 6,052 1,268 12,449 3,515 $ $ $ Increase/(Decrease) $ % (386) (15) 541 140 231 (8)% — 43 1 % 7 % For 2020, revenues increased 1%, due to higher content licensing revenues, mainly reflecting the licensing of the domestic streaming rights for South Park to an SVOD provider, partially offset by a decline in advertising revenues. Domestic revenues increased 4% while international revenues decreased 10%, including a 2-percentage point unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Advertising Advertising revenues decreased 8% primarily driven by the adverse effects of COVID-19. Domestic advertising revenues decreased 6%, reflecting lower linear impressions, including from weakness in the advertising market as a result of COVID-19. This decrease was partially offset by growth from our streaming businesses, including revenues from Pluto TV, which was acquired in March 2019, and higher pricing. International advertising revenues decreased 12%, primarily reflecting weakness in the advertising market. Foreign exchange rate changes had an unfavorable impact of 1 percentage point on both worldwide and international advertising revenues. Affiliate Domestic affiliate revenues remained flat, as the declines in subscribers at our cable networks were offset by growth from our subscription streaming services, including Showtime OTT, BET+, and Noggin, and the launch of our basic cable networks on a vMVPD service. International affiliate revenues decreased 3%, including a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Content Licensing The 43% increase in content licensing revenues was primarily the result of growth from the domestic licensing of programming to SVOD providers, mainly from South Park, and higher download-to-own revenues, led by sales of Yellowstone. II-27 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA increased 7%, driven by the revenue growth and lower SG&A expenses, reflecting lower advertising and promotion costs due to the broadcast of fewer original programs, savings from restructuring and other cost savings initiatives, as well as lower travel and entertainment expenses associated with shutdowns resulting from COVID-19. These cost decreases were partially offset by higher participation costs associated with the mix of titles licensed each year. Filmed Entertainment Year Ended December 31, Theatrical Home Entertainment Licensing Other Revenues Adjusted OIBDA Revenues 2020 2019 $ $ $ 180 709 1,598 75 2,562 215 $ $ $ 547 623 1,709 111 2,990 80 Increase/(Decrease) $ % (367) 86 (111) (36) (428) (67)% 14 (6) (32) (14)% 135 169 % $ $ $ For 2020, the 14% decrease in revenues reflects the impact from the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters in response to COVID-19 throughout most of 2020. Theatrical The 67% decrease in theatrical revenues reflects the impact from the closure or reduction in capacity of movie theaters throughout most of 2020. Theatrical revenues during the current year benefited from the theatrical release of Sonic the Hedgehog in the first quarter, while the prior year benefited from several significant theatrical releases. Home Entertainment The 14% increase in home entertainment revenues was driven by higher sales of catalog titles and titles from Miramax, which was acquired in 2020. The current year benefited from the 2020 releases of Sonic the Hedgehog and Terminator: Dark Fate, as well as Gemini Man, which was released in the home entertainment market in late 2019, while the prior-year benefited from Bumblebee, Rocketman, Mission: Impossible - Fallout and Instant Family. Licensing The 6% decrease in licensing revenues was primarily due to lower revenues from the licensing of catalog titles, television programming produced for third parties and music rights. These decreases were partially offset by the licensing of Miramax titles in 2020 and current year releases, including Lovebirds and the international licensing of The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run. Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA increased $135 million as the revenue decline was more than offset by lower distribution and film production costs resulting from fewer theatrical releases in the current year due to COVID-19. Fluctuations in results for the Filmed Entertainment segment may occur as a result of the timing of the recognition of II-28 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) distribution costs, including print and advertising, which are generally incurred before and throughout the theatrical release of a film, while the revenues for the respective film are recognized as earned through the film’s theatrical exhibition and subsequent distribution windows. Segment Results of Operations - 2019 vs. 2018 Year Ended December 31, Revenues: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Total Revenues 2019 $ $ 11,924 12,449 2,990 (365) 26,998 % of Total Revenues 44 % 46 11 (1) 100 % 2018 $ $ 11,061 12,683 2,956 (275) 26,425 % of Total Revenues Increase/(Decrease) % $ 42 % 48 11 (1) 100 % $ $ 863 (234) 34 (90) 573 8 % (2) 1 (33) 2 % Year Ended December 31, Adjusted OIBDA: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Stock-based compensation Total Adjusted OIBDA Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and other corporate matters Programming charges Gain on sale Total Operating Income n/m - not meaningful Year Ended December 31, Depreciation and Amortization: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Depreciation and Amortization 2019 2018 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ $ $ 2,443 3,515 80 (449) (196) 5,393 (438) (769) (589) 549 4,146 2019 150 219 37 32 438 $ $ $ $ 2,466 4,341 (33) (433) (201) 6,140 (427) (489) (162) — 5,062 2018 160 194 38 35 427 $ $ $ $ (23) (826) 113 (16) 5 (747) (11) (280) (427) 549 (916) (1)% (19) n/m (4) 2 (12) (3) n/m n/m n/m (18)% Increase/(Decrease) % $ (10) 25 (1) (3) 11 (6)% 13 (3) (9) 3 % II-29 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2019 2018 6,008 2,550 3,157 209 11,924 2,443 $ $ $ 5,751 2,082 3,006 222 11,061 2,466 $ $ $ Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ $ 257 468 151 (13) 863 (23) 4 % 22 5 (6) 8 % (1)% TV Entertainment Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Other Revenues Adjusted OIBDA Revenues For 2019, the 8% increase in TV Entertainment revenues reflects growth across each of the segment’s main revenue streams. Advertising The 4% increase in advertising revenues was driven by CBS’ broadcasts of Super Bowl LIII and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament in 2019, partially offset by the timing of other sporting events and lower political advertising as a result of the benefit to 2018 from midterm elections. The Super Bowl is broadcast on the CBS Television Network on a rotating basis with other networks through the 2022 season under the current contract with the NFL and the national semifinals and championship games of the NCAA Tournament are broadcast on the CBS Television Network every other year through 2032 under the current agreement with the NCAA and Turner. Affiliate Affiliate revenues grew 22% primarily as a result of a 20% increase in reverse compensation and retransmission fee revenues as well as subscriber growth at CBS All Access. Content Licensing Content licensing increased 5%, driven by higher revenues from the production of programming for third parties, including Unbelievable and Dead to Me, and higher revenues from the licensing of library programming to SVOD providers. Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA decreased 1% as a result of an increased investment in content and higher costs associated with the growth and expansion of our streaming services, partially offset by higher revenues. II-30 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2019 2018 $ $ $ 5,129 6,052 1,268 12,449 3,515 $ $ $ 5,130 6,294 1,259 12,683 4,341 Increase/(Decrease) % $ $ $ $ (1) (242) 9 (234) (826) — % (4) 1 (2)% (19)% Cable Networks Year Ended December 31, Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Revenues Adjusted OIBDA Revenues For 2019, revenues decreased 2% from 2018, reflecting an unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rate changes of 2-percentage points. Domestic revenues remained substantially flat compared with 2018 as higher advertising revenues were offset by a decline in affiliate revenues. International revenues decreased 9% mainly as a result of a 7-percentage point unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Advertising Advertising revenues remained flat compared with 2018 and included an unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes of 3- percentage points. Domestic advertising revenues increased 6%, reflecting higher revenues from our streaming businesses, including Pluto TV, which was acquired in March 2019. The domestic advertising growth also reflects higher pricing and the inclusion of the results of Pop TV. We began consolidating Pop TV in March 2019 when we acquired the 50% stake we did not own, which brought our ownership to 100%. These increases were partially offset by lower linear impressions. International advertising revenues decreased 13%, mainly reflecting the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes of 9-percentage points, as well as softness in the Australian and U.K. markets, partially offset by increases in pricing and political advertising in Argentina. Affiliate Affiliate revenues decreased 4%, which included a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact from foreign exchange rate changes. Domestic affiliate revenues decreased 4%, primarily driven by declines in traditional MVPD subscribers at our cable networks. These declines were partially offset by growth from Showtime OTT, the inclusion of the results of Pop TV, and contractual rate increases under carriage agreements. International affiliate revenues decreased 6%, reflecting a 6-percentage point unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes. Content Licensing The 1% increase in content licensing revenues, which includes the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate changes of 1-percentage point, was the result of increased revenues from the production of programming for third parties, including The Real World and Bellator mixed martial arts events. These increases were partially offset by lower secondary market revenue, driven by the renewal of a significant domestic licensing agreement for the Showtime original series, Dexter, in 2018. Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA decreased 19%, driven by lower revenues as well as increased investment in content and higher advertising and promotion expenses. II-31 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2019 2018 547 623 1,709 111 2,990 80 $ $ $ 744 617 1,493 102 2,956 (33) $ $ $ Increase/(Decrease) % $ (197) 6 216 9 34 (26)% 1 14 9 1 % 113 n/m $ $ $ Filmed Entertainment Year Ended December 31, Theatrical Home Entertainment Licensing Other Revenues Adjusted OIBDA n/m - not meaningful Revenues For 2019, the 1% increase in revenues reflects growth in licensing revenues, partially offset by lower theatrical revenues. Foreign exchange rate changes had a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact on the revenue comparison. Theatrical The 26% decrease in theatrical revenues principally reflects a difficult comparison to 2018, which included the releases of Mission: Impossible - Fallout and A Quiet Place. Theatrical revenues in 2019 benefited from the releases of Rocketman, Gemini Man and Dora and the Lost City of Gold, as well as the continued success of the 2018 release, Bumblebee. Foreign exchange rate changes had a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact on theatrical revenues. Home Entertainment The 1% increase in home entertainment revenues was driven by the number and mix of titles in release. Significant 2019 releases included Bumblebee, Rocketman, Instant Family, and Pet Sematary, while 2018 benefited from the releases of Mission: Impossible - Fallout, Daddy’s Home 2 and A Quiet Place. Changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact on the revenue comparison. Licensing The 14% growth in licensing revenues was driven by increases in licensing of film catalog titles to SVOD providers and recent releases to pay television services. Foreign exchange rate changes had a 1-percentage point unfavorable impact on licensing revenues. Other The 9% increase in other revenues was driven by higher studio rental revenues. Adjusted OIBDA Adjusted OIBDA for 2019 increased to $80 million from a loss of $33 million for 2018, principally driven by higher profits from licensing of film library titles. This increase was partially offset by costs associated with future film releases and higher incentive compensation costs. Fluctuations in results for the Filmed Entertainment segment may occur as a result of the timing of the recognition of print and advertising expenses, which are generally incurred before and throughout the theatrical release of a film, while the revenues for the respective film are recognized as earned through the film’s theatrical exhibition and subsequent distribution windows. II-32 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Liquidity and Capital Resources Sources and Uses of Cash We project anticipated cash requirements for our operating, investing and financing needs as well as cash flows generated from operating activities available to meet these needs. Our operating needs include, among other items, commitments for sports programming rights, television and film programming, talent contracts, leases, interest payments, income tax payments and pension funding obligations. Our investing and financing spending includes capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions, share repurchases, dividends and principal payments on our outstanding indebtedness. We believe that our operating cash flows, cash and cash equivalents, borrowing capacity under our $3.50 billion Credit Facility, and access to capital markets are sufficient to fund our operating, investing and financing requirements for the next twelve months. Our funding for short-term and long-term obligations will come primarily from cash flows from operating activities. Any additional cash funding requirements are financed with short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, and long-term debt. To the extent that commercial paper is not available to us, the Credit Facility provides sufficient capacity to satisfy short-term borrowing needs. We routinely assess our capital structure and opportunistically enter into transactions to lower our interest expense, which could result in a charge from the early extinguishment of debt. Funding for our long-term debt obligations due over the next five years of $5.11 billion is expected to come from our ability to refinance our debt, cash generated from operating activities, and proceeds from non-core asset sales. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued $4.50 billion of senior notes with interest rates ranging from 4.20% to 4.95% and due dates from 2025 to 2050. The net proceeds from these issuances are being used for the redemption of our long-term debt as well as for general corporate purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we redeemed, prior to maturity, senior notes, debentures, and junior subordinated debentures totaling $2.77 billion, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.88 billion. During the fourth quarter of 2020, we announced that we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster for $2.175 billion in cash, which is expected to close in 2021, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. In addition, we completed the sale of CMG for cash proceeds of $459 million and advertising and data licensing credits of $25 million. These divestitures are a result of a strategic review of our non-core assets. Proceeds from these transactions will be used to invest in our strategic growth priorities, including in streaming, as well as to fund the dividend and pay down debt. The ongoing impact of COVID-19 could have a negative effect on our financial condition or our ability to fund operations, dividends or future investment opportunities due to an increase in the cost of, or difficulty in, obtaining debt or equity financing, or our ability to comply with the leverage covenant in our Credit Facility in the future. The magnitude of the continuing impact on our financial condition and results of operations will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or control, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and such governmental actions, and the economic and operating conditions that we may face in the aftermath of COVID-19. II-33 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Our access to capital markets can be impacted by factors outside our control, including economic conditions; however, we believe that our strong cash flows and balance sheet, our credit facility and our credit rating will provide us with adequate access to funding for our expected cash needs. The cost of any new borrowings are affected by market conditions and short and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to access capital markets on terms and conditions that will be favorable to us. At December 31, 2020, we had $2.36 billion of remaining availability under our share repurchase program. Any share repurchases under the program are expected to be funded by cash flows from operations and, as appropriate, with short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, and/or the issuance of long-term debt. Cash Flows The changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Cash provided by operating activities from: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Cash provided by operating activities Cash provided by (used for) investing activities from: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Cash provided by (used for) investing activities Cash used for financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2020 2019 Increase/ (Decrease) 2020 vs. 2019 $ $ 2,215 79 2,294 1,171 59 1,230 $ 63 (7) 56 (90) 25 (145) (10) (155) (1,216) (1) 1,044 20 1,064 208 3 211 1,126 26 $ 2018 3,324 140 3,464 (581) (30) (611) (2,531) (25) Increase/ (Decrease) 2019 vs. 2018 $ (2,153) (81) (2,234) 436 20 456 1,315 24 $ 2,285 $ (142) $ 2,427 $ 297 $ (439) Operating Activities. The increase in cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations for 2020 compared to 2019 was primarily driven by significantly lower spending, including for programming, production, advertising and distribution costs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19 and cost savings, as well as lower payments for income taxes. These impacts were partially offset by the decline in revenues and higher payments for restructuring, merger-related costs, and costs to achieve synergies. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations for 2019 compared with 2018 was primarily driven by increased spending for television and film programming, higher payments for income taxes and payments of $132 million associated with costs related to the Merger. Cash paid for income taxes from continuing operations decreased to $411 million for 2020 from $560 million for 2019. The comparison was impacted by a payment in 2019 as a result of guidance issued by the U.S. government in January 2019 relating to the transition tax on cumulative foreign earnings and profits that resulted from the enactment of federal tax legislation in December 2017. The increase in cash payments for income taxes from continuing operations for 2019 compared to $153 million for 2018 was primarily due to the aforementioned payment in 2019, as well as a benefit to 2018 from the application of a federal income tax overpayment carryforward from 2017. II-34 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of Simon & Schuster. Investing Activities Year Ended December 31, (a) Investments Capital expenditures Acquisitions, net of cash acquired Proceeds from dispositions Other investing activities from continuing operations Cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities from continuing operations Cash flow used for investing activities from discontinued operations Cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities (b) (c) 2020 2019 2018 (59) (324) (147) 593 — 63 (7) 56 $ $ (171) (345) (399) 756 14 (145) (10) (155) $ $ (161) (345) (118) 39 4 (581) (30) (611) $ $ (a) Primarily includes our investment in The CW. (b) 2020 primarily reflects the acquisition of Miramax, a global film and television studio. 2019 primarily reflects the acquisition of Pluto Inc. and the remaining 50% interest in Pop TV, a general entertainment cable network. 2018 primarily reflects the acquisitions of WhoSay Inc., a leading influence marketing firm, Pop Culture Media, a digital entertainment media company, and VidCon LLC, a host of conferences dedicated to online video. (c) 2020 reflects the sale of CMG and marketable securities. 2019 primarily reflects the sale of CBS Television City. Financing Activities Year Ended December 31, (Repayments of) proceeds from short-term debt borrowings, net Proceeds from issuance of senior notes Repayment of long-term debt Dividends Purchase of the Company’s Class B Common Stock Payment of payroll taxes in lieu of issuing shares for stock-based compensation All other financing activities, net Cash flow used for financing activities Free Cash Flow 2020 2019 2018 $ $ (706) 4,375 (2,901) (600) (58) (93) (107) (90) $ $ 25 492 (910) (595) (57) (56) (115) (1,216) $ $ (5) — (1,102) (599) (586) (67) (172) (2,531) Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. Free cash flow reflects our net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations less capital expenditures. Our calculation of free cash flow includes capital expenditures because investment in capital expenditures is a use of cash that is directly related to our operations. Our net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Management believes free cash flow provides investors with an important perspective on the cash available to us to service debt, make strategic acquisitions and investments, maintain our capital assets, satisfy our tax obligations, and fund ongoing operations and working capital needs. As a result, free cash flow is a significant measure of our ability to generate long-term value. It is useful for investors to know whether this ability is being enhanced or degraded as a result of our operating performance. We believe the presentation of free cash flow is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to evaluate the cash generated from our underlying II-35 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) operations in a manner similar to the method used by management. Free cash flow is among several components of incentive compensation targets for certain management personnel. In addition, free cash flow is a primary measure used externally by our investors, analysts and industry peers for purposes of valuation and comparison of our operating performance to other companies in our industry. As free cash flow is not a measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, free cash flow should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, either net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations as a measure of liquidity or net earnings as a measure of operating performance. Free cash flow, as we calculate it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. In addition, free cash flow as a measure of liquidity has certain limitations, does not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. The following table presents a reconciliation of our net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations to free cash flow. Year Ended December 31, Net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations (GAAP) Capital expenditures Free cash flow (Non-GAAP) 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 2,215 (324) 1,891 $ $ 1,171 (345) 826 $ $ 3,324 (345) 2,979 Dividends We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2020, resulting in total dividends for the year of $601 million, or $.96 per share. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019 and during each of the four quarters of 2018. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.72, resulting in total annual dividends of $274 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.80, resulting in total annual dividends of $325 million. On February 9, 2021, ViacomCBS declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on its Class A and Class B Common Stock, payable on April 1, 2021. Share Repurchase Program During 2020, we repurchased 1.3 million shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock under our share repurchase program for $50 million, at an average cost of $38.63 per share. At December 31, 2020, $2.36 billion of authorization remained under the share repurchase program. II-36 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Capital Structure The following table sets forth our debt. At December 31, Commercial paper Senior debt (2.250%-7.875% due 2021-2050) Junior debt (5.875%-6.250% due 2057) Other bank borrowings Obligations under finance leases Total debt (a) Less commercial paper Less current portion of long-term debt Total long-term debt, net of current portion 2020 2019 $ $ — 18,455 1,157 95 26 19,733 — 16 19,717 $ $ 699 16,690 1,286 — 44 18,719 699 18 18,002 (a) At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the senior and junior subordinated debt balances included (i) a net unamortized discount of $491 million and $412 million, respectively, and (ii) unamortized deferred financing costs of $107 million and $92 million, respectively. The face value of our total debt was $20.33 billion at December 31, 2020 and $19.23 billion at December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued $4.50 billion of senior notes with interest rates ranging from 4.20% to 4.95% and due dates from 2025 to 2050. The net proceeds from these issuances are being used for the redemption of our long-term debt as well as for general corporate purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we redeemed, prior to maturity, senior notes, debentures, and junior subordinated debentures totaling $2.77 billion, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.88 billion. These redemptions resulted in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt of $126 million ($97 million, net of tax). During the year ended December 31, 2019, we issued $500 million of 4.20% senior notes due 2029. We used the net proceeds from this issuance in the redemption of our $600 million outstanding 2.30% senior notes due August 2019. During 2019, we also repaid the $220 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.625% senior notes due September 2019 and the $90 million aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% senior notes due December 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we redeemed $1.13 billion of senior notes and debentures for a redemption price of $1.10 billion, resulting in a pre-tax gain on extinguishment of debt of $18 million ($14 million, net of tax). Our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 and 6.25% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 accrue interest at the stated fixed rates until February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2027, respectively, on which dates the rates will switch to floating rates based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.895% and 3.899%, respectively, reset quarterly. These debentures can be called by us at any time after the expiration of the fixed-rate period. The subordination, interest deferral option and extended term of the junior subordinated debentures provide significant credit protection measures for senior creditors and, as a result of these features, the debentures received a 50% equity credit by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Fitch Ratings Inc., and a 25% equity credit by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. The interest rate payable on our 2.25% senior notes due February 2022 and 3.45% senior notes due October 2026, collectively the “Senior Notes”, will be subject to adjustment from time to time if Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings downgrades (or downgrades and subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to the II-37 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Senior Notes. The interest rate on these Senior Notes would increase by 0.25% upon each credit agency downgrade up to a maximum of 2.00%, and would similarly be decreased for subsequent upgrades. At December 31, 2020, the outstanding principal amount of our 2.25% senior notes due February 2022 and 3.45% senior notes due October 2026 was $35 million and $124 million, respectively. Some of our outstanding notes and debentures provide for certain covenant packages typical for an investment grade company. There is an acceleration trigger for the majority of the notes and debentures in the event of a change in control under specified circumstances coupled with ratings downgrades due to the change in control, as well as certain optional redemption provisions for our junior debentures. Commercial Paper In January 2020, our commercial paper program was increased to $3.50 billion from $2.50 billion in conjunction with the new $3.50 billion revolving credit facility described below. At December 31, 2020, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings. At December 31, 2019, we had $699 million outstanding commercial paper borrowings under our commercial paper program at a weighted average interest rate of 2.07% and maturities of less than 90 days. Credit Facility In January 2020, the $2.50 billion revolving credit facility held by CBS prior to the Merger, with a maturity in June 2021, was terminated and the revolving credit facility held by Viacom prior to the Merger, with a maturity in February 2024, was amended and restated to a $3.50 billion revolving credit facility with a maturity in January 2025 (the “Credit Facility”). The credit facility is used for general corporate purposes and to support commercial paper outstanding, if any. We may, at our option, also borrow in certain foreign currencies up to specified limits under the Credit Facility. Borrowing rates under the Credit Facility are determined at our option at the time of each borrowing and are generally based on either the prime rate in the U.S. or LIBOR plus a margin based on our senior unsecured debt rating, depending on the type and tenor of the loans entered. The Credit Facility has one principal financial covenant that requires our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio to be less than 4.5x (which we may elect to increase to 5.0x for up to four consecutive quarters following a qualified acquisition) at the end of each quarter. The Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio reflects the ratio of our Consolidated Indebtedness at the end of a quarter, to our Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the amended credit agreement) for the trailing twelve-month period. We met the covenant as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and the remaining availability under the Credit Facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, was $3.50 billion. Other Bank Borrowings At December 31, 2020, we had $95 million of bank borrowings with a weighted average interest rate of 3.50% under Miramax’s $300 million credit facility, which matures in April 2023. II-38 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Contractual Obligations As of December 31, 2020, payments due by period under our significant contractual obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year were as follows: Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Programming and talent commitments Purchase obligations (b) (a) On-Balance Sheet Arrangements (c) Operating leases Long-term debt obligations Interest commitments on long-term debt Finance leases (including interest) Other long-term contractual obligations Total (d) (f) (e) (g) Payments Due by Period Total 2021 2022-2023 2024-2025 2026 and Thereafter 9,852 1,377 $ 2,625 501 $ 4,269 614 $ 1,224 201 $ 1,734 61 2,269 20,210 14,756 28 1,734 50,226 $ 372 — 970 17 — 4,485 $ 575 2,165 1,904 9 1,261 10,797 $ 406 2,942 1,680 2 440 6,895 $ 916 15,103 10,202 — 33 28,049 $ $ (a) Our programming and talent commitments include $5.98 billion for sports programming rights and $3.87 billion relating to the production and licensing of television and film programming, including talent contracts. (b) Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including open purchase orders. (c) Consists of operating lease commitments for office space, equipment, satellite transponders and studio facilities. Amounts reflect future minimum payments, excluding interest. (d) Reflects long-term debt obligations at face value, excluding finance leases. (e) Future interest based on scheduled debt maturities. Interest payments on junior subordinated debentures subsequent to the expiration of their fixed-rate periods have been included based on their current fixed rates. (f) Includes finance lease obligations for satellite transponders and equipment, excluding interest. (g) Reflects long-term contractual obligations recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, including program liabilities; participations; residuals; and a tax liability resulting from the enactment of the Tax Reform Act in December 2017. This tax liability reflects the remaining tax on our historical accumulated foreign earnings and profits, which is payable to the IRS in 2024 and 2025. The table above does not include payments relating to reserves for uncertain tax positions of $308 million and related interest and penalties, redeemable noncontrolling interest of $197 million, our guarantee liability of $100 million relating to the sale of CBS Television City, lease indemnification obligations of $67 million, residual liabilities of previously disposed businesses, and potential future contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans. The amount and timing of payments with respect to these items are subject to a number of uncertainties such that we are unable to make sufficiently reliable estimations of future payments. In 2021, we expect to make contributions of approximately $15 million to our qualified pension plans for minimum funding requirements under ERISA and $86 million to our non-qualified pension plans to satisfy the benefit payments due under these plans. Also in 2021, we expect to contribute approximately $39 million to our other postretirement benefit plans to satisfy our portion of benefit payments due under these plans. Guarantees Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds. We have indemnification obligations with respect to letters of credit and surety bonds primarily used as security against non-performance in the normal course of business. At II-39 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) December 31, 2020, the outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds approximated $144 million and were not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. CBS Television City. In connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019, we guaranteed a specified level of cash flows to be generated by the business during the first five years following the completion of the sale. Included in “Other current liabilities” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020 is a liability of $100 million, reflecting the present value of the remaining estimated amount payable under the guarantee obligation. Lease Guarantees. We have certain indemnification obligations with respect to leases primarily associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players. These lease commitments amounted to $67 million as of December 31, 2020, and are presented within “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amount of lease commitments varies over time depending on expiration or termination of individual underlying leases, or the related indemnification obligation, and foreign exchange rates, among other things. We may also have exposure for certain other expenses related to the leases, such as property taxes and common area maintenance. We believe our accrual is sufficient to meet any future obligations based on our consideration of available financial information, the lessees’ historical performance in meeting their lease obligations and the underlying economic factors impacting the lessees’ business models. Film Financing Arrangements. From time to time we enter into film or television programming (collectively referred to as “film”) financing arrangements that involve the sale of a partial copyright interest in a film to third-party investors. Since the investors typically have the risks and rewards of ownership proportionate to their ownership in the film, we generally record the amounts received for the sale of copyright interest as a reduction of the cost of the film and related cash flows are reflected in net cash flow from operating activities. We also enter into collaborative arrangements with other studios to jointly finance and distribute films (“co-financing arrangements”), under which each partner is responsible for distribution of the film in specific territories or distribution windows. The partners’ share in the profits and losses of the films under these arrangements are included within participations expense. In the course of our business, we both provide and receive indemnities which are intended to allocate certain risks associated with business transactions. Similarly, we may remain contingently liable for various obligations of a business that has been divested in the event that a third party does not live up to its obligations under an indemnification obligation. We record a liability for our indemnification obligations and other contingent liabilities when probable and reasonably estimable. Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, which are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions. We consider the following accounting policies to be the most critical as they are important to our financial condition and results of operations, and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. The risks and uncertainties involved in applying our critical accounting policies are provided II-40 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) below. Unless otherwise noted, we applied our critical accounting policies and estimation methods consistently in all material respects and for all periods presented, and have discussed such policies with our Audit Committee. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Significant judgments used in the determination of the amount and timing of revenue recognition include the identification of distinct performance obligations in contracts containing bundled advertising sales and content licenses, and the allocation of consideration among individual performance obligations within these arrangements based on their relative standalone selling prices. Advertising Revenues—Advertising revenues are recognized when the advertising spots are aired on television or displayed on digital platforms. If a contract includes a guarantee to deliver a targeted audience rating or number of impressions, the delivery of the advertising spots that achieve the guarantee represents the performance obligation to be satisfied over time and revenues are recognized based on the proportion of the audience rating or impressions delivered to the total guaranteed in the contract. To the extent the amounts billed exceed the amount of revenue recognized, such excess is deferred until the guaranteed audience ratings or impressions are delivered. For contracts that do not include impressions guarantees, the individual advertising spots are the performance obligation and consideration is allocated among the individual advertising spots based on relative standalone selling price. Affiliate Revenues—The performance obligation for our affiliate agreements is a license to our programming provided through the continuous delivery of live linear feeds and, for agreements with MVPDs and subscribers to our streaming services, also includes a license to programming for video on demand viewing. Affiliate revenues are recognized over the term of the agreement as we satisfy our performance obligation by continuously providing our customer with the right to use our programming. For agreements that provide for a variable fee, revenues are determined each month based on an agreed upon contractual rate applied to the number of subscribers to our customer’s service. For agreements that provide for a fixed fee, revenues are recognized based on the relative fair value of the content provided over the term of the agreement. These agreements primarily include agreements with television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“network affiliates”) for which fair value is determined based on the fair value of the network affiliate’s service and the value of our programming. Content Licensing Revenues—For licenses of exhibition rights for internally-produced programming, each individual episode or film delivered represents a separate performance obligation and revenues are recognized when the episode or film is made available to the licensee for exhibition and the license period has begun. For license agreements that include delivery of content on one or more dates for a fixed fee, consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each episode or film, which is based on licenses for comparable content within the marketplace. Estimation of standalone selling prices requires judgment, which can impact the timing of recognizing revenues. Film and Television Production and Programming Costs Costs incurred to produce television programs and feature films are capitalized when incurred and amortized over the projected life of each television program or feature film. The costs incurred in acquiring television series and feature film programming rights, including advances, are capitalized when the license period has begun and the program is accepted and available for airing. The costs of programming rights licensed under multi-year sports II-41 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) programming agreements are capitalized if the rights payments are made before the related economic benefit has been received. Acquired programming rights, including rights for sports programming, are expensed over the shorter of the license period or the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived. For internally-produced television programs and feature films that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, we use an individual- film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs and to accrue estimated liabilities for participations and residuals over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. Management’s judgment is required in estimating Ultimate Revenues and the costs to be incurred throughout the life of each television program or feature film. These estimates are used to determine the timing of amortization of capitalized production costs and expensing of participation and residual costs. For television programming, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, 5 years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. For feature films, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues from all sources that are estimated to be earned within 10 years from the date of a film’s initial theatrical release. Prior to the release of feature films, we estimate Ultimate Revenues based on the historical performance of similar content and pre-release market research (including test market screenings), as well as factors relating to the specific film, including the expected number of theaters and markets in which the original content will be released, the genre of the original content and the past box office performance of the lead actors and actresses. For films intended for theatrical release, we believe the performance during the theatrical exhibition is the most sensitive factor affecting our estimate of Ultimate Revenues as subsequent markets have historically exhibited a high correlation to theatrical performance. Upon a film’s initial release, we update our estimate of Ultimate Revenues based on actual and expected future performance. Our estimates of revenues from succeeding windows and markets are revised based on historical relationships to theatrical performance and an analysis of current market trends. We also review and revise estimates of Ultimate Revenue and participation costs as of each reporting date to reflect the most current available information. After their theatrical release the most sensitive factor affecting our estimates for feature films is the extent of home entertainment sales. In addition to theatrical performance, home entertainment sales vary based on a variety of factors including demand for our titles, the volume and quality of competing products, marketing and promotional strategies, as well as economic conditions. For acquired film libraries, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues is for a period within 20 years from the date of acquisition. For programming that is predominantly monetized as part of a film group, which includes our acquired programming rights and certain internally-produced television programs, capitalized costs are amortized based on an estimate of the timing of our usage of and benefit from such programming. Such estimates require management’s judgement and include consideration of factors such as expected revenues to be derived from the programming, the expected number of future airings, and, for acquired programming, the length of the license period. If initial airings are expected to generate higher revenues, an accelerated method of amortization is used. These estimates are periodically reviewed and updated based on information available throughout the contractual term or life of each program. We test a film group or individual television program or feature film for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that its fair value may be less than its unamortized cost. If the result of the impairment test II-42 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) indicates that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge will then be recorded for the amount of the difference. In addition, unamortized costs for internally-produced or acquired programming that have been substantively abandoned are written off. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairment Test We perform fair value-based impairment tests of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, comprised primarily of television FCC licenses, on an annual basis and also between annual tests if an event occurs or if circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value. FCC Licenses—FCC licenses are tested for impairment at the geographic market level. We consider each geographic market, which is comprised of all of our television stations within that geographic market, to be a single unit of accounting because the FCC licenses at this level represent their highest and best use. At December 31, 2020, we had 14 television markets with FCC license book values. For our annual impairment test, we perform qualitative assessments for each television market that we estimate has an aggregate fair value of FCC licenses that significantly exceed their respective carrying values. Additionally, we consider the duration of time since a quantitative test was performed. For the 2020 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for 10 of our markets. For each market, we weighed the relative impact of market-specific and macroeconomic factors. The market-specific factors considered include recent projections by geographic market from both independent and internal sources for revenue and operating costs, as well as average market share. We also considered the macroeconomic impact on discount rates and growth rates. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of the FCC licenses in each of these television markets are less than their respective carrying values. Therefore, performing a quantitative impairment test on these markets was unnecessary. A quantitative impairment test of FCC licenses calculates an estimated fair value using the Greenfield Discounted Cash Flow Method, which values a hypothetical start-up station in the relevant market by adding discounted cash flows over a five-year build-up period to a residual value. The assumptions for the build-up period include industry projections of overall market revenues; the start-up station’s operating costs and capital expenditures, which are based on both industry and internal data; and average market share. The discount rate is determined based on the industry and market-based risk of achieving the projected cash flows, and the residual value is calculated using a long-term growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and industry projections. During the second quarter of 2020, based on an assessment of the relevant factors that could impact the fair value of FCC licenses, including the effects of COVID-19, we determined that an interim impairment test was necessary for three markets in which we hold FCC licenses. The impairment test indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in two markets were lower than their respective carrying values, which resulted from recent declines in industry projections in the markets where these FCC licenses are held, that were further accelerated by COVID-19. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $25 million to write down the carrying values of these FCC licenses to their aggregate estimated fair value of $216 million. This charge is included within “Depreciation and amortization” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations recorded within the TV Entertainment segment. Additionally, the estimated fair value of the FCC license in the third market exceeded its carrying value of $53 million by 7%. II-43 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) For the 2020 annual test, we performed a quantitative impairment test for the three markets tested during the second quarter, as well as a fourth U.S. television market. The impairment tests indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in the three markets we tested during the second quarter, which had an aggregate carrying value of FCC licenses of $269 million at December 31, 2020, were within 10% of their respective carrying values. The fourth market had a fair value that exceeded its carrying value by more than 20%. The estimated fair values of FCC licenses are highly dependent on the assumptions of future economic conditions in the individual geographic markets in which we own and operate television stations. Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, or a further decline in the local television advertising marketplace could result in a downward revision to our current assumptions and judgments. Various factors may contribute to a future decline in an advertising marketplace including declines in economic conditions; an other-than-temporary decrease in spending by advertisers in certain industries that have historically represented a significant portion of television advertising revenues in that market; a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms; changes in consumer behavior; and/or a change in population size. A downward revision to the present value of future cash flows could result in impairment and a noncash charge would be required. Such a charge could have a material effect on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet. Goodwill—Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment, or one level below. At December 31, 2020, we had four reporting units. For the 2020 annual impairment test, we tested two reporting units for impairment as of August 31 and the remaining reporting units as of October 31. For our annual impairment test, we perform a qualitative assessment for each reporting unit that management estimates has a fair value that significantly exceeds its respective carrying value. For the 2020 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for all of our reporting units. For each reporting unit, we weighed the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. The reporting unit specific factors that were considered included actual and expected financial performance and changes to the reporting units’ carrying amounts since the most recent impairment tests. For each industry in which the reporting units operate, we considered growth projections from independent sources and significant developments or transactions within the industry. We also determined that the impact of macroeconomic factors on the discount rates and growth rates used for the most recent impairment tests would not significantly affect the fair value of the reporting units, and that the lower tax rate from tax law changes enacted since the most recent quantitative tests would positively impact the fair value of the reporting units. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount and therefore performing quantitative impairment tests was unnecessary. A quantitative goodwill impairment test, when performed, includes estimating the fair value of a reporting unit using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow analysis and/or a market-based approach. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various judgmental assumptions, including assumptions about the timing and amount of future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates. Certain future events and circumstances, including deterioration of market conditions, higher cost of capital, a decline in the advertising market, a shift by advertisers to competing advertising platforms, changes in consumer behavior and/or a decrease in audience acceptance of our content could result in changes to our assumptions and judgments used in the goodwill impairment tests. A downward revision of these assumptions could cause the fair values of the reporting units to fall below their respective carrying values and a noncash impairment charge would II-44 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) be required. Such a charge could have a material effect on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet. Legal Matters Estimates of liabilities related to legal issues and discontinued businesses, including asbestos and environmental matters, require significant judgments by management. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We continually evaluate these estimates based on changes in the relevant facts and circumstances and events that may impact estimates. While we believe that our accrual for matters related to our predecessor operations, including environmental and asbestos, are adequate, there can be no assurance that circumstances will not change in future periods. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability. Pensions Pension benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs are calculated using many actuarial assumptions. Two key assumptions used in accounting for pension liabilities and expenses are the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets. The discount rate is determined based on the yield on a portfolio of high quality bonds, constructed to provide cash flows necessary to meet our pension plans’ expected future benefit payments, as determined for the accumulated benefit obligation. The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets. As of December 31, 2020, the unrecognized actuarial losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased slightly from the prior year-end due primarily to the favorable performance of pension plan assets and the inclusion of a curtailment gain associated with the elimination of benefit accruals for future service as a result of a plan amendment for our remaining active pension plans. These items were mostly offset by a decrease in the discount rate. A 25 basis point change in the discount rate would result in an estimated change to the accumulated benefit obligation of approximately $135 million and would not have a material impact on 2021 pension expense. A decrease in the expected rate of return on plan assets would increase pension expense. The estimated impact of a 25 basis point change in the expected rate of return on plan assets is a change of approximately $8 million to 2021 pension expense. Income Taxes We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes and evaluating our income tax positions. When recording an interim worldwide provision for income taxes, an estimated effective tax rate for the year is applied to interim operating results. In the event there is a significant or unusual item recognized in the quarterly operating results, the tax attributable to that item is separately calculated and recorded in the same quarter. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be reversed. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. A number of years may elapse before a tax return containing tax matters for which a reserve has been established is audited and finally resolved. For positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a II-45 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) future tax return, we evaluate each position to determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is subject to a measurement assessment to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and the appropriate reserve to establish, if any. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold a tax reserve is established and no benefit is recognized. We evaluate our uncertain tax positions quarterly based on many factors, including, changes in tax laws and interpretations, information received from tax authorities, and other changes in facts and circumstances. Our income tax returns are routinely audited by U.S. federal and state as well as foreign tax authorities. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular tax matter, we believe that the reserve for uncertain tax positions of $308 million at December 31, 2020 is properly recorded. Legal Matters General On an ongoing basis, we vigorously defend ourselves in numerous lawsuits and proceedings and respond to various investigations and inquiries from federal, state, local and international authorities (collectively, “litigation’’). Litigation may be brought against us without merit, is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. However, based on our understanding and evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that the following matters are not likely, in the aggregate, to result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Litigation Relating to the Merger Beginning on February 20, 2020, three purported CBS stockholders filed separate derivative and/or putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On March 31, 2020, the Court consolidated the three lawsuits and appointed Bucks County Employees’ Retirement Fund and International Union of Operating Engineers of Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware as co-lead plaintiffs for the consolidated action. On April 14, 2020, the lead plaintiffs filed a Verified Consolidated Class Action and Derivative Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against Shari E. Redstone, NAI, Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust, members of the CBS Board of Directors (comprised of Candace K. Beinecke, Barbara M. Byrne, Gary L. Countryman, Brian Goldner, Linda M. Griego, Robert N. Klieger, Martha L. Minow, Susan Schuman, Frederick O. Terrell and Strauss Zelnick), former CBS President and Acting Chief Executive Officer Joseph Ianniello and nominal defendant ViacomCBS Inc. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to CBS stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 2019, as amended on October 16, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Complaint also alleges waste and unjust enrichment in connection with Mr. Ianniello’s compensation. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On June 5, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On January 27, 2021, the Court dismissed one disclosure claim, while allowing all other claims against the defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims will now proceed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Beginning on November 25, 2019, four purported Viacom stockholders filed separate putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On January 23, 2020, the Court consolidated the four lawsuits. On February 6, 2020, the Court appointed California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) as lead plaintiff for the consolidated action. On February 28, 2020, CalPERS, together with Park Employees’ and Retirement Board Employees’ Annuity and Benefit Fund of Chicago and Louis M. Wilen, filed a First Amended Verified Class Action Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against NAI, NAI II-46 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Entertainment Holdings LLC, Shari E. Redstone, the members of the Viacom special transaction committee of the Viacom Board of Directors (comprised of Thomas J. May, Judith A. McHale, Ronald L. Nelson and Nicole Seligman) and our President and Chief Executive Officer and director, Robert M. Bakish. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to Viacom stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Merger Agreement. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On May 22, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On December 29, 2020, the Court dismissed the claims against Mr. Bakish, while allowing the claims against the remaining defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims will now proceed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Investigation-Related Matters As announced on August 1, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors retained two law firms to conduct a full investigation of the allegations in press reports about CBS’ former Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, Leslie Moonves, CBS News and cultural issues at CBS. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced the completion of its investigation, certain findings of the investigation and the CBS Board of Directors’ determination, discussed below, with respect to the termination of Mr. Moonves’ employment. We have received subpoenas from the New York County District Attorney’s Office and the New York City Commission on Human Rights regarding the subject matter of this investigation and related matters. The New York State Attorney General’s Office and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission have also requested information about these matters, including with respect to CBS’ related public disclosures. We may continue to receive additional related regulatory and investigative inquiries from these and other entities in the future. We are cooperating with these inquiries. On August 27, 2018 and on October 1, 2018, Gene Samit and John Lantz, respectively, filed putative class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated, for claims that are similar to those alleged in the amended complaint described below. On November 6, 2018, the Court entered an order consolidating the two actions. On November 30, 2018, the Court appointed Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California as the lead plaintiff of the consolidated action. On February 11, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended putative class action complaint against CBS, certain current and former senior executives and members of the CBS Board of Directors. The consolidated action is stated to be on behalf of purchasers of CBS Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock between September 26, 2016 and December 4, 2018. This action seeks to recover damages arising during this time period allegedly caused by the defendants’ purported violations of the federal securities laws, including by allegedly making materially false and misleading statements or failing to disclose material information, and seeks costs and expenses as well as remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On April 12, 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss this action, which the Court granted in part and denied in part on January 15, 2020. With the exception of one statement made by Mr. Moonves at an industry event in November 2017, in which he allegedly was acting as the agent of CBS, all claims as to all other allegedly false and misleading statements were dismissed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Separation Agreement On September 9, 2018, CBS entered into a separation and settlement agreement and releases (the “Separation Agreement”) with Mr. Moonves, pursuant to which Mr. Moonves resigned as a director and as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of CBS. In October 2018, we contributed $120 million to a grantor II-47 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) trust pursuant to the Separation Agreement. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced that, following its consideration of the findings of the investigation referred to above, it had determined that there were grounds to terminate Mr. Moonves’ employment for cause under his employment agreement with CBS. Any dispute related to the CBS Board of Directors’ determination is subject to binding arbitration as set forth in the Separation Agreement. On January 16, 2019, Mr. Moonves commenced a binding arbitration proceeding with respect to this matter and the related CBS Board of Directors investigation, which proceeding is ongoing. The assets of the grantor trust will remain in the trust until a final determination in the arbitration. We are currently unable to determine the outcome of the arbitration and the amount, if any, that may be awarded thereunder. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Litigation Related to Television Station Owners On September 9, 2019, the Company was added as a defendant in a multi-district putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The lawsuit was filed by parties that claim to have purchased broadcast television spot advertising beginning on or about January 1, 2014 on television stations owned by one or more of the defendant television station owners and alleges the sharing of allegedly competitively sensitive information among such television stations in alleged violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The action, which names the Company among fourteen total defendants, seeks monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest as well as injunctions against the allegedly unlawful conduct. On October 8, 2019, the Company and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the matter, which was denied by the court on November 6, 2020. We believe that the claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Claims Related to Former Businesses: Asbestos We are a defendant in lawsuits claiming various personal injuries related to asbestos and other materials, which allegedly occurred as a result of exposure caused by various products manufactured by Westinghouse, a predecessor, generally prior to the early 1970s. Westinghouse was neither a producer nor a manufacturer of asbestos. We are typically named as one of a large number of defendants in both state and federal cases. In the majority of asbestos lawsuits, the plaintiffs have not identified which of our products is the basis of a claim. Claims against us in which a product has been identified most commonly relate to allegations of exposure to asbestos-containing insulating material used in conjunction with turbines and electrical equipment. Claims are frequently filed and/or settled in groups, which may make the amount and timing of settlements, and the number of pending claims, subject to significant fluctuation from period to period. We do not report as pending those claims on inactive, stayed, deferred or similar dockets that some jurisdictions have established for claimants who allege minimal or no impairment. As of December 31, 2020, we had pending approximately 30,710 asbestos claims, as compared with approximately 30,950 as of December 31, 2019 and 31,570 as of December 31, 2018. During 2020, we received approximately 2,910 new claims and closed or moved to an inactive docket approximately 3,150 claims. We report claims as closed when we become aware that a dismissal order has been entered by a court or when we have reached agreement with the claimants on the material terms of a settlement. Settlement costs depend on the seriousness of the injuries that form the basis of the claims, the quality of evidence supporting the claims and other factors. Our total costs for the years 2020 and 2019 for settlement and defense of asbestos claims after insurance recoveries and net of tax were approximately $35 million and $58 million, respectively. Our costs for settlement and defense of asbestos claims may vary year to year and insurance proceeds are not always recovered in the same period as the insured portion of the expenses. II-48 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Filings include claims for individuals suffering from mesothelioma, a rare cancer, the risk of which is allegedly increased by exposure to asbestos; lung cancer, a cancer which may be caused by various factors, one of which is alleged to be asbestos exposure; other cancers, and conditions that are substantially less serious, including claims brought on behalf of individuals who are asymptomatic as to an allegedly asbestos-related disease. The predominant number of pending claims against us are non-cancer claims. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities, as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our asbestos liabilities, including, among others, the number and types of claims and average cost to resolve such claims. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that our accrual and insurance are sufficient to cover our asbestos liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability. Other From time to time we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and other entities asserting that we are or may be liable for environmental cleanup costs and related damages principally relating to our historical and predecessor operations. In addition, from time to time we receive personal injury claims including toxic tort and product liability claims (other than asbestos) arising from our historical operations and predecessors. Market Risk We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates and use derivative financial instruments to manage this exposure. In accordance with our policy, we do not use derivative instruments unless there is an underlying exposure and, therefore, we do not hold or enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Foreign Exchange Risk We conduct business in various countries outside the U.S., resulting in exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates when translating from the foreign local currency to the U.S. dollar. In order to hedge anticipated cash flows in currencies such as the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar, foreign currency forward contracts, for periods generally up to 24 months, are used. Additionally, we designate forward contracts used to hedge committed and forecasted foreign currency transactions, including future production costs and programming obligations, as cash flow hedges. Gains or losses on the effective portion of designated cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified to the statement of operations when the hedged item is recognized. Additionally, we enter into non-designated forward contracts to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows. The change in fair value of the non-designated contracts is included in “Other items, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We manage the use of foreign exchange derivatives centrally. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the notional amount of all foreign currency contracts was $1.27 billion and $1.44 billion, respectively. For 2020, $740 million related to future production costs and $529 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. For 2019, $833 million related to future production costs and $606 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. II-49 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Interest Risk Interest on commercial paper borrowings is exposed to risk related to movements in short-term interest rates. A 100 basis point change to the weighted average interest rate on commercial paper borrowings in 2020 would increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $4 million. In addition, interest rates on future long-term debt issuances are exposed to risk related to movements in long-term interest rates. Interest rate hedges may be used to modify both of these exposures at our discretion. There were no interest rate hedges outstanding at December 31, 2020 or 2019 but in the future we may use derivatives to manage our exposure to interest rates. At December 31, 2020, the carrying value of our outstanding notes and debentures was $19.61 billion and the estimated fair value was $24.5 billion. A 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would decrease or increase the fair value of our notes and debentures by approximately $1.61 billion and $3.28 billion, respectively. Credit Risk We continually monitor our positions with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions that are counterparties to our financial instruments. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. Our receivables do not represent significant concentrations of credit risk at December 31, 2020 or 2019, due to the wide variety of customers, markets and geographic areas to which our products and services are sold. Related Parties See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Information required by this item is presented in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition—Market Risk.” II-50 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The following Consolidated Financial Statements and schedule of the registrant and its subsidiaries are submitted herewith as part of this report: INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE Item 15(a)(1) Financial Statements: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Item 15(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule: Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 Page II-52 II-53 II-56 II-57 II-58 II-59 II-60 II-61 F-1 All other Schedules are omitted since the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule. II-51 MANAGEMENT’ S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. ViacomCBS Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of assets; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements prepared for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the framework set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein. VIACOMCBS INC. By: By: By: /s/ Robert M. Bakish Robert M. Bakish President and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Naveen Chopra Naveen Chopra Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer /s/ Katherine Gill-Charest Katherine Gill-Charest Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer II-52 To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ViacomCBS Inc. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ViacomCBS Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Changes in Accounting Principles As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019 and the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers in 2018. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. II-53 Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Amortization of Internally Produced Television Programming Inventory that is Predominantly Monetized on an Individual Basis As described in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis was $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2020. For internally-produced television programs that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, management uses an individual-film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. The estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, 5 years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to amortization of internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when estimating Ultimate Revenues; this led to a high degree of auditor judgment, effort and subjectivity in performing procedures to evaluate management’s estimate of Ultimate Revenues and the significant assumptions related to consideration of the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness II-54 of controls relating to amortization of internally-produced television programming inventory that is predominantly monetized on an individual basis, including the controls over the estimation of Ultimate Revenues. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for estimating Ultimate Revenues, including evaluating whether the significant assumptions were reasonable considering information such as the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. Procedures were also performed to test the completeness and accuracy of management's data used in these estimates. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 24, 2021 We have served as the Company’s or its predecessor’s auditor since 1970. II-55 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except per share amounts) Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and other corporate matters Total costs and expenses Gain on sales Operating income Interest expense Interest income Net gains (losses) from investments Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt Other items, net Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies (Provision) benefit for income taxes Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax Net earnings from continuing operations Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Amounts attributable to ViacomCBS: Net earnings from continuing operations Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Basic net earnings per common share attributable to ViacomCBS: Net earnings from continuing operations Net earnings from discontinued operations Net earnings Diluted net earnings per common share attributable to ViacomCBS: Net earnings from continuing operations Net earnings from discontinued operations Net earnings Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted 2020 Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ 25,285 $ 26,998 $ 26,425 14,992 5,320 430 618 21,360 214 4,139 (1,031) 60 206 (126) (101) 3,147 (535) (28) 2,584 117 2,701 (279) 2,422 2,305 117 2,422 3.74 .19 3.93 3.73 .19 3.92 616 618 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 16,713 5,481 438 769 23,401 549 4,146 (962) 66 85 — (112) 3,223 29 (53) 3,199 140 3,339 (31) 3,308 3,168 140 3,308 5.15 .23 5.38 5.13 .23 5.36 615 617 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 15,399 5,048 427 489 21,363 — 5,062 (1,030) 79 (53) 18 (92) 3,984 (580) (47) 3,357 135 3,492 (37) 3,455 3,320 135 3,455 5.38 .22 5.60 5.35 .22 5.56 617 621 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. II-56 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In millions) Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Cumulative translation adjustments Net actuarial loss and prior service costs Other comprehensive income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Other comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations Comprehensive income Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests Comprehensive income attributable to ViacomCBS Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 2018 $ 2,701 $ 3,339 $ 3,492 134 (2) 132 5 2,838 278 2,560 $ 9 (145) (136) 6 3,209 33 3,176 $ (242) (61) (303) (12) 3,177 31 3,146 $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. II-57 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions, except per share amounts) At December 31, 2020 2019 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents Receivables, net Programming and other inventory Prepaid expenses Other current assets Current assets of discontinued operations Total current assets Property and equipment, net Programming and other inventory Goodwill Intangible assets, net Operating lease assets Deferred income tax assets, net Other assets Assets held for sale Assets of discontinued operations Total Assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses Participants’ share and royalties payable Accrued programming and production costs Deferred revenues Debt Other current liabilities Current liabilities of discontinued operations Total current liabilities Long-term debt Participants’ share and royalties payable Pension and postretirement benefit obligations Deferred income tax liabilities, net Operating lease liabilities Program rights obligations Other liabilities Liabilities of discontinued operations Redeemable noncontrolling interest Commitments and contingencies (Note 20) ViacomCBS stockholders’ equity: Class A Common Stock, par value $.001 per share; 375 shares authorized; 52 (2020 and 2019) shares issued Class B Common Stock, par value $.001 per share; 5,000 shares authorized; 1,068 (2020) and 1,064 (2019) shares issued Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock, at cost; 503 (2020) and 501 (2019) Class B Shares Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Total ViacomCBS stockholders’ equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity Total Liabilities and Equity See notes to consolidated financial statements. II-58 $ $ $ $ 2,984 7,017 1,757 622 769 630 13,779 1,994 10,363 16,612 2,826 1,602 993 3,657 28 809 52,663 571 1,714 2,005 1,141 978 16 1,391 480 8,296 19,717 1,317 2,098 778 1,583 243 2,158 220 197 — 1 29,785 (22,958) 10,375 (1,832) 15,371 685 16,056 52,663 $ $ $ $ 632 6,837 2,813 399 677 544 11,902 2,045 8,652 16,545 2,990 1,738 938 3,955 23 797 49,585 632 1,729 1,861 1,500 737 717 1,439 433 9,048 18,002 1,546 2,121 565 1,705 356 2,436 263 254 — 1 29,590 (22,908) 8,494 (1,970) 13,207 82 13,289 49,585 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In millions) Operating Activities: Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Less: Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Net earnings from continuing operations Adjustments to reconcile net earnings from continuing operations to net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations: Depreciation and amortization Television programming and feature film cost amortization Deferred tax provision (benefit) Stock-based compensation Gain on sales Net (gains) losses from investments (Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax and distributions Change in assets and liabilities Increase in receivables Increase in inventory and related program and participation liabilities, net Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and other liabilities (Decrease) increase in pension and postretirement benefit obligations Increase in income taxes Other, net Net cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations Net cash flow provided by operating activities from discontinued operations Net cash flow provided by operating activities Investing Activities: Investments Capital expenditures Acquisitions, net of cash acquired Proceeds from dispositions Other investing activities Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities from continuing operations Net cash flow used for investing activities from discontinued operations Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities Financing Activities: (Repayments of) proceeds from short-term debt borrowings, net Proceeds from issuance of senior notes Repayment of long-term debt Dividends Purchase of Company common stock Payment of payroll taxes in lieu of issuing shares for stock-based compensation Proceeds from exercise of stock options Other financing activities Net cash flow used for financing activities Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year (includes $202 (2020) and $120 (2019) of restricted cash) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year (includes $135 (2020), $202 (2019) and $120 (2018) of restricted cash) Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 2018 $ $ $ 2,701 117 2,584 430 11,045 122 274 (214) (206) 126 34 (68) (12,170) 188 (20) 2 88 2,215 79 2,294 (59) (324) (147) 593 — 63 (7) 56 (706) 4,375 (2,901) (600) (58) (93) 5 (112) (90) 25 2,285 834 3,339 140 3,199 438 12,554 (765) 286 (549) (85) — 58 (247) (14,215) 302 16 176 3 1,171 59 1,230 (171) (345) (399) 756 14 (145) (10) (155) 25 492 (910) (595) (57) (56) 15 (130) (1,216) (1) (142) 976 $ 3,119 $ 834 $ 3,492 135 3,357 427 11,595 48 187 — 53 (18) 54 (389) (12,185) (145) (65) 379 26 3,324 140 3,464 (161) (345) (118) 39 4 (581) (30) (611) (5) — (1,102) (599) (586) (67) 29 (201) (2,531) (25) 297 679 976 See notes to consolidated financial statements. II-59 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In millions) Class A and B Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total ViacomCBS Stockholders’ Equity Non- Controlling Interests December 31, 2017 Stock-based compensation activity Class B Common Stock purchased Dividends Noncontrolling interests Net earnings Adoption of accounting standards Other comprehensive loss December 31, 2018 Stock-based compensation activity and other Cancellation of treasury stock in the Merger Class B Common Stock purchased Dividends Noncontrolling interests Net earnings Reclassification of income tax effect of the Tax Reform Act Other comprehensive income (loss) December 31, 2019 Stock-based compensation activity Class B Common Stock purchased Dividends Noncontrolling interests Net earnings Other comprehensive income (loss) December 31, 2020 (Shares) 622 $ 1 $ (42,843) $ 50,068 $ 2,562 $ (1,269) $ 8,519 $ 3 (12) — — — — — 613 3 — (1) — — — — — 615 3 (1) — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 23 (600) — — — — 139 — (300) — — — — (43,420) — 49,907 29 226 20,533 (20,533) (50) — — — — — — (10) — — — (22,908) — 29,590 — (50) — — — 195 — — — — — (299) — 3,455 (149) — 5,569 (4) — — (600) (9) 3,308 230 — 8,494 — (601) 60 2,422 — — — — — (30) (309) (1,608) — — — — — — (230) (132) (1,970) — — — — — 162 (600) (599) — 3,455 (179) (309) 10,449 251 — (50) (600) (19) 3,308 — (132) 13,207 195 (50) (601) 60 2,422 — 617 $ — — 1 $ (22,958) — $ 29,785 — $ 10,375 138 (1,832) $ 138 15,371 $ $ 81 — — — (58) 37 — (6) 54 — — — — (5) 31 — 2 82 — (a) — — 325 279 (1) 685 (a) Primarily reflects the acquisition of Miramax (see Note 2). See notes to consolidated financial statements. Total Equity $ 8,600 162 (600) (599) (58) 3,492 (179) (315) 10,503 251 — (50) (600) (24) 3,339 — (130) 13,289 195 (50) (601) 385 2,701 137 $ 16,056 II-60 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business—ViacomCBS Inc. is comprised of the following segments: TV Entertainment (CBS Television Network; CBS Studios; CBS Media Ventures; CBS-branded streaming services, including CBS All Access, which will be rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021, and CBSN; CBS Sports Network; and CBS Television Stations), Cable Networks (premium and basic cable networks, including Showtime, BET, Nickelodeon, MTV, Comedy Central, Paramount Network, and Smithsonian Channel, among others; streaming services, including Pluto TV and Showtime OTT; ViacomCBS Networks International, including Channel 5, Telefe and Network 10) and Filmed Entertainment (Paramount Pictures, Paramount Players, Paramount Animation, Paramount Television Studios and Miramax). References to “ViacomCBS”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to ViacomCBS Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Merger with Viacom Inc.—On December 4, 2019, Viacom Inc. (“Viacom”) merged with and into CBS Corporation (“CBS”), with CBS continuing as the surviving company (the “Merger”). At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), the combined company changed its name to ViacomCBS Inc. (“ViacomCBS”). At the Effective Time, (1) each share of Viacom Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock, and (2) each share of Viacom Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock (together with ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock, the “ViacomCBS Common Stock”). At the Effective Time, each share of CBS Class A Common Stock and each share of CBS Class B Common Stock (together with CBS Class A Common Stock, the “CBS Common Stock”) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, remained an issued and outstanding share of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock and ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock, respectively, and was not affected by the Merger. Following the Merger, the CBS Common Stock was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange and the Viacom Common Stock ceased trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). On December 5, 2019, ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock and ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock were listed on Nasdaq and began trading under the ticker symbols VIACA and VIAC, respectively. The Merger has been accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control as National Amusements, Inc. (“NAI”) was the controlling stockholder of each of CBS and Viacom (and remains the controlling stockholder of ViacomCBS). Upon the closing of the Merger, the net assets of Viacom were combined with those of CBS at their historical carrying amounts and the companies have been presented on a combined basis for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. Discontinued Operations—On November 25, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, to Penguin Random House LLC (“Penguin Random House”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, for $2.175 billion in cash. As a result, Simon & Schuster has been presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented (see Note 3). Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ViacomCBS, its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where we are considered the primary beneficiary, after the elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. Controlling interest is determined by majority ownership interest and the absence of substantive third party participating rights. Investments over which we have a significant influence, without a controlling interest, are accounted for II-61 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) under the equity method. Our proportionate share of net earnings or loss of the entity is recorded in “Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Reclassifications—Certain amounts reported for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Use of Estimates—The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may vary from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic has negatively impacted the macroeconomic environment in the United States and globally, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of COVID-19, it is reasonably possible that it could materially impact our estimates, particularly those that require consideration of forecasted financial information. These estimates relate to certain accounts including, but not limited to, receivables, programming and other inventory, deferred income tax assets, finite and indefinite lived intangible assets, including goodwill and FCC licenses, and other long-lived assets. The magnitude of the impact will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict or control, including the duration and extent of the pandemic, the impact of federal, state, local and foreign governmental actions, consumer behavior in response to the pandemic and such governmental actions, and the economic and operating conditions that we may face in the aftermath of COVID-19. Business Combinations—We generally account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, once control is obtained of a business, 100% of the assets, liabilities and certain contingent liabilities acquired, as well as amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests, are recorded at fair value. Any transaction costs are expensed as incurred. The Merger was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control as NAI was the controlling stockholder of each of CBS and Viacom. Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, including money market funds, commercial paper and bank time deposits. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had restricted cash of $135 million and $202 million, respectively, consisting of amounts held in grantor trusts related to agreements with former executives. Restricted cash is included within “Other current assets” and “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Programming Inventory—We produce and acquire rights to programming to exhibit on our broadcast and cable networks, on our broadcast television stations, direct to consumers through our streaming services, and in theaters. We also produce programming for third parties. Costs for internally-produced and acquired programming inventory, including prepayments for such costs, are recorded within the non-current portion of “Programming and other inventory” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Prepayments for the rights to air sporting and other live events that are expected to be expensed over the next 12 months are classified within the current portion of “Programming and other inventory” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Costs incurred to produce television programs and feature films (which include direct production costs, production overhead, acquisition costs and development costs) are capitalized when incurred and amortized over II-62 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) the projected life of each television program or feature film. Costs incurred to acquire television series and feature film programming rights, including advances, are capitalized when the license period has begun and the program is accepted and available for airing and amortized over the shorter of the license period or the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived. For internally-produced television programs and feature films that are predominantly monetized on an individual basis, we use an individual- film-forecast computation method to amortize capitalized production costs and to accrue estimated liabilities for participations and residuals over the applicable title’s life cycle based upon the ratio of current period revenues to estimated remaining total gross revenues to be earned (“Ultimate Revenues”) for each title. The estimate of Ultimate Revenues impacts the timing of amortization of capitalized production costs and expensing of participations and residual costs. For television programming, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues to be earned within 10 years from the delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, 5 years from the delivery of the most recent episode, if later. These estimates are based on the past performance of similar television programs in a market, the performance in the initial markets and future firm commitments to license programs. For feature films, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues includes revenues from all sources that are estimated to be earned within 10 years from the date of a film’s initial theatrical release. Prior to the release of feature films, we estimate Ultimate Revenues based on the historical performance of similar content and pre-release market research (including test market screenings), as well as factors relating to the specific film, including the expected number of theaters and markets in which the original content will be released, the genre of the original content and the past box office performance of the lead actors and actresses. Upon a film’s initial release, we update our estimate of Ultimate Revenues based on actual and expected future performance. Our estimates of revenues from succeeding windows and markets are revised based on historical relationships to theatrical performance and an analysis of current market trends. For acquired television and film libraries, our estimate of Ultimate Revenues is for a period within 20 years from the date of acquisition. Ultimate Revenue estimates are periodically reviewed and adjustments, if any, will result in changes to inventory amortization rates and estimated accruals for residuals and participations. Film development costs that have not been set for production are expensed within three years unless they are abandoned earlier, in which case these projects are written down to their estimated fair value in the period the decision to abandon the project is determined. For programming that is predominantly monetized as part of a film group, which includes our acquired programming rights and certain internally-produced television programs, capitalized costs are amortized based on an estimate of the timing of our usage of and benefit from such programming. The costs of programming rights licensed under multi-year sports programming agreements are capitalized if the rights payments are made before the related economic benefit has been received and amortized over the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived based on the relative value of the events broadcast by us during a period. The relative value for an event is determined based on the revenues generated for that event in relation to the estimated total revenues over the remaining term of the sports programming agreement. We test a film group or individual television program or feature film for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that its fair value may be less than its unamortized cost. If the carrying value of a film group or individual television program or feature film exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge will then be recorded in the amount of the difference. In addition, unamortized costs for internally-produced or acquired programming that have been substantively abandoned are written off. II-63 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Television and feature film programming and production costs, including inventory amortization, development costs, residuals and participations and impairment charges, if any, are included within “Operating expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Property and Equipment—Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows: Buildings and building improvements Leasehold improvements Equipment and other (including finance leases) 10 to 40 years Shorter of lease term or useful life 3 to 20 years Costs associated with repairs and maintenance of property and equipment are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets—The Company assesses long-lived assets and intangible assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, for impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these asset groups is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups to their net carrying value. If the carrying value is not recoverable, the amount of impairment charge, if any, is measured by the difference between the net carrying value and the estimated fair value of the assets. Investments—Investments over which we have a significant influence, without a controlling interest, are accounted for under the equity method. Equity investments for which we have no significant influence are measured at fair value where a readily determinable fair value exists. Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost less impairment, if any, and adjusted for observable price changes. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of equity investments are recorded in “Net gains (losses) from investments” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We monitor our investments for impairment and reduce the carrying value of the investment if we determine that an impairment charge is required based on qualitative and quantitative information. Our investments are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Goodwill is allocated to various reporting units, which are at or one level below our operating segments. Intangible assets with finite lives, which primarily consist of trade names, licenses, and customer agreements are generally amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 4 to 40 years. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist primarily of FCC licenses, are not amortized but are tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. If the carrying value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized (see Note 6). Guarantees—At the inception of a guarantee, we recognize a liability for the fair value of an obligation assumed by issuing the guarantee. The related liability is subsequently reduced as utilized or extinguished and increased if there is a probable loss associated with the guarantee which exceeds the value of the recorded liability. Treasury Stock—Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method. Retirements of treasury stock are reflected as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Fair Value Measurements—Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The framework for measuring fair value provides a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used in measuring fair value. Level 1 is II-64 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) based on publicly quoted prices for the asset or liability in active markets. Level 2 is based on inputs that are observable other than quoted market prices in active markets, such as quoted prices for the asset or liability in inactive markets or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Certain assets and liabilities, including foreign currency hedges and deferred compensation liabilities, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets and liabilities, including television and film production costs, goodwill, intangible assets, and equity-method investments are recorded at fair value only if an impairment charge is recognized. Impairment charges, if applicable, are determined using discounted cash flows, which is a Level 3 valuation technique. Derivative Financial Instruments—Derivative financial instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. For derivatives designated as hedges of the fair value of assets or liabilities, the changes in fair value of both the derivatives and the hedged items are recorded in “Other items, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the changes in fair value of the derivatives is recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized in net earnings when the hedged items are recognized. Pension and Postretirement Benefits—The service cost component of net benefit cost for our pension and postretirement benefits is recorded on the same line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as other compensation costs of the related employees. All of the other components of net benefit cost are presented separately from the service cost component and below the subtotal of operating income in “Other items, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Other Liabilities—Other liabilities consist primarily of the noncurrent portion of residual liabilities of previously disposed businesses, long- term income tax liabilities, deferred compensation and other employee benefit accruals. Revenues Revenue is recognized when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer. Control is considered to be transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits of that good or service. Advertising Revenues—Advertising revenues are recognized when the advertising spots are aired on television or displayed on digital platforms. Advertising spots are typically sold as part of advertising campaigns consisting of multiple commercial units. If a contract includes a guarantee to deliver a targeted audience rating or number of impressions, the delivery of the advertising spots that achieve the guarantee represents the performance obligation to be satisfied over time and revenues are recognized based on the proportion of the audience rating or impressions delivered to the total guaranteed in the contract. Audience ratings and impressions are determined based on data provided by independent third-party companies. To the extent the amounts billed exceed the amount of revenue recognized, such excess is deferred until the guaranteed audience ratings or impressions are delivered. For contracts that do not include impressions guarantees, the individual advertising spots are the performance obligation and consideration is allocated among the individual advertising spots based on relative standalone selling price. Advertising contracts, which are generally short-term, are billed monthly, with payments due shortly after the invoice date. Advertising revenues are generated by the TV Entertainment and Cable Networks segments. II-65 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Affiliate Revenues—Affiliate revenues primarily consist of fees received from multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) and third-party live television streaming services (“virtual MVPDs”) for carriage of our cable networks (“cable affiliate fees”) and television stations (“retransmission fees”); fees from television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“reverse compensation”); and subscription fees for our streaming subscription offerings, including CBS All Access (to be rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021), Showtime Networks’ premium subscription streaming service (“Showtime OTT”) and BET+. Costs incurred for advertising, marketing and other services provided to us by cable, satellite and other distributors that are in exchange for a distinct service are recorded as expenses. If a distinct service is not received, such costs are recorded as a reduction to revenues. The performance obligation for our affiliate agreements is a license to our programming provided through the continuous delivery of live linear feeds and, for agreements with MVPDs and subscribers to our streaming services, also includes a license to programming for video-on- demand viewing. Affiliate revenues are recognized over the term of the agreement as we satisfy our performance obligation by continuously providing our customer with the right to use our programming. For agreements that provide for a variable fee, revenues are determined each month based on an agreed upon contractual rate applied to the number of subscribers to our customer’s service. For agreements that provide for a fixed fee, revenues are recognized based on the relative fair value of the content provided over the term of the agreement. These agreements primarily include agreements with television stations affiliated with the CBS Television Network (“network affiliates”) for which fair value is determined based on the fair value of the network affiliate’s service and the value of our programming. For affiliate revenues, payments are generally due monthly. Affiliate revenues are generated by the TV Entertainment and Cable Networks segments. Content Licensing Revenues—Content licensing revenues are generated from the licensing of exhibition rights for our internally-produced television and film programming to television stations, cable networks and subscription streaming services; licensing of our content for distribution on transactional video-on-demand services; the distribution of our content through DVD and Blu-ray disc sales to wholesale and retail partners; the use of our trademarks and brands for consumer products, recreation and live events; and fees from the distribution of third- party programming. For licenses of exhibition rights for internally-produced programming, each individual episode or film delivered represents a separate performance obligation and revenues are recognized when the episode or film is made available to the licensee for exhibition and the license period has begun. For license agreements that include delivery of content on one or more dates for a fixed fee, consideration is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each episode or film. Estimation of standalone selling prices requires judgment, which can impact the timing of recognizing revenues. Agreements to license programming are often long term, with collection terms ranging from one to five years. When payment is due from a customer more than one year before or after revenue is recognized, we consider the contract to contain a significant financing component and the transaction price is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money. We do not adjust the transaction price for the time value of money if payment is expected within one year of recognizing revenues. We also license our programming to distributors of transactional video-on-demand and similar services. Under these arrangements, our performance obligation is the delivery of our content to such distributors who then license our content to the end customer. Our revenues are determined each month based on a contractual rate applied to the number of licenses to the distributors’ end customers. Similarly, revenues earned from electronic sell-through services are recognized as each program is downloaded by the end customer. II-66 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Revenues associated with the licensing of our brands for consumer products, recreation and live events are generally determined based on contractual royalty rates applied to sales reported by the licensees. For consumer products and recreation arrangements that include minimum guaranteed consideration, revenue is recognized as sales occur by the licensee, if the sales-based consideration is expected to exceed the minimum guarantee, or ratably if it is not expected to exceed the minimum guarantee. For live events, we recognize revenue when the event is held. Revenues from the sales of DVDs and Blu-ray discs to wholesalers and retailers are recognized upon the later of the physical delivery to the customer or the date that any sales restrictions on the retailers are lifted. We earn revenues from the distribution of content on behalf of third parties. We also have arrangements for the distribution or sale of our content by third parties. Under such arrangements, we determine whether revenues should be recognized based on the gross amount of consideration received from the customer or the net amount of revenue we retain after payment to the third party producer or distributor, based on an assessment of which party controls the good or service being transferred. Content licensing revenues are generated by the TV Entertainment, Cable Networks and Filmed Entertainment segments. Theatrical Revenues—Theatrical revenue is earned from the theatrical distribution of our films during the exhibition period. Under these arrangements, revenues are recognized based on sales to the end customer. Theatrical revenues are generated by the Filmed Entertainment segment. Revenue Allowances—DVDs and Blu-ray discs are generally sold with a right of return. We record a provision for sales returns and allowances at the time of sale based upon an estimate of future returns, rebates and other incentives. In determining this provision, we consider sources of qualitative and quantitative evidence including forecast sales data, customers’ rights of return, sales levels for units already shipped, historical return rates for similar products, current economic trends, the competitive environment, promotions and our sales strategies. Reserves for sales returns and allowances of $64 million and $58 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are recorded in “Other current liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Reserves for accounts receivable reflect our expected credit losses, which are estimated based on historical experience, as well as current and expected economic conditions and industry trends. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was $85 million and $80 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The provision for doubtful accounts charged to expense was $32 million in 2020, $25 million in 2019 and $24 million in 2018. Contract Liabilities—A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received from a customer prior to fully satisfying a performance obligation in a contract. Our contract liabilities primarily consist of cash received related to advertising arrangements for which the required audience rating or impressions have not been delivered; consumer products arrangements with minimum guarantees; and television licensing arrangements under which the content has not yet been made available to the customer. These contract liabilities will be recognized as revenues when control of the related product or service is transferred to the customer. Contract liabilities are included within “Deferred revenues” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Collaborative Arrangements—Collaborative arrangements primarily consist of joint efforts with third parties to produce and distribute programming such as television series and live sporting events, including the agreement between us and Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. to telecast the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Championship (the “NCAA Tournament”), which runs through 2032. In connection with this agreement for the II-67 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) NCAA Tournament, advertisements aired on the CBS Television Network are recorded as revenues and our share of the program rights fees and other operating costs are recorded as operating expenses. We also enter into collaborative arrangements with other studios to jointly finance and distribute film and television programming, under which each partner is responsible for distribution of the program in specific territories or distribution windows. Under these arrangements, co-production costs are initially capitalized as programming inventory and amortized over the estimated economic life of the program. In such arrangements where we have distribution rights, all proceeds generated from such distribution are recorded as revenues and any participation profits due to third party collaborators are recorded as participation expenses. In co-production arrangements where third party collaborators have distribution rights, our net participating profits are recorded as revenues. Amounts attributable to transactions arising from collaborative arrangements between participants were not material to the consolidated financial statements for any period presented. Leases—We have operating leases primarily for office space, equipment, satellite transponders and studio facilities and finance leases for satellite transponders and equipment. We determine that a contract contains a lease if we obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of, and the right to direct the use of, an asset identified in the contract. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability representing the present value of future lease payments. The discount rate used to measure the lease asset and liability is determined at the beginning of the lease term using the rate implicit in the lease, if readily determinable, or our collateralized incremental borrowing rate. For those contracts that include fixed rental payments for both the use of the asset (“lease costs”) as well as for other occupancy or service costs relating to the asset (“non-lease costs”), we generally include both the lease costs and non-lease costs in the measurement of the lease asset and liability. We also own buildings and production facilities where we lease space to lessees. Our leases generally have remaining terms ranging from one to 16 years and often contain renewal options to extend the lease for periods of generally up to 10 years. For leases that contain renewal options, we include the renewal period in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense and income for our operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with the exception of variable lease costs, which are expensed as incurred, and leases of assets used in the production of programming, which are capitalized in programming assets and amortized over the projected useful life of the related programming. For finance leases, amortization of the right-of-use asset is recognized in amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense is accreted on the lease liability using the effective interest method. This results in an accelerated recognition of cost over the lease term. Advertising—Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We incurred total advertising expenses of $1.31 billion in 2020, $1.67 billion in 2019 and $1.39 billion in 2018. Interest—Costs associated with the refinancing or issuance of debt, as well as debt discounts or premiums, are recorded as interest over the term of the related debt. We may enter into interest rate exchange agreements; the amount to be paid or received under such agreements is accrued and recognized over the life of the agreement as an adjustment to interest expense. Income Taxes—The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local, and foreign taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary II-68 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) differences are expected to be reversed. We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For tax positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a future tax return, we evaluate each position to determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is subject to a measurement assessment to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and the appropriate reserve to establish, if any. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, a tax reserve is established and no benefit is recognized. A number of years may elapse before a tax return containing tax matters for which a reserve has been established is audited and finally resolved. We recognize interest and penalty charges related to the reserve for uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions—Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the United States (“U.S.”) Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while results of operations are translated at average foreign exchange rates for the respective periods. The resulting translation gains and losses are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Effective July 1, 2018, Argentina has been designated as a highly inflationary economy. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency will result in remeasurement gains and losses, which are included in “Other items, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net Earnings (Loss) per Common Share—Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is based upon net earnings (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) only in the periods in which such effect would have been dilutive. Excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive, were stock options and RSUs of 22 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 19 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The table below presents a reconciliation of weighted average shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS. Year Ended December 31, (in millions) Weighted average shares for basic EPS Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock-based compensation plans Weighted average shares for diluted EPS 2020 2019 2018 616 2 618 615 2 617 617 4 621 Stock-based Compensation—We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized over the vesting period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. II-69 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans On December 31, 2020, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) amended guidance that eliminates, adds and clarifies certain disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments affect annual disclosures only and are required to be applied retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. See Note 17 for additional disclosures relating to the adoption of this guidance. Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials On January 1, 2020, we adopted FASB guidance on the accounting for costs of films and episodic television series, which aligns the accounting for capitalizing production costs of episodic television series with the guidance for films. As a result of the adoption of this guidance, the capitalization of costs incurred to produce episodic television series is no longer limited to the amount of revenue contracted in the initial market until persuasive evidence of a secondary market exists. In addition, under this guidance our film and television programming is tested for impairment individually on a title-by-title basis, or together with other films and television programming as part of a group, based on the predominant monetization strategy of the film or television programming. Further, for programming monetized in a film group, this guidance requires any changes to the estimated use of the film or television series to be accounted for prospectively. This guidance also eliminates existing balance sheet classification guidance and adds new disclosure requirements relating to costs for acquired and internally-produced programming. As a result of this guidance, beginning in the first quarter of 2020, all of our programming inventory, other than prepayments for the rights to air sporting and other live events, is now classified as noncurrent on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Therefore, $1.17 billion of programming inventory that was classified in current assets at December 31, 2019 was reclassified to noncurrent assets on January 1, 2020. This guidance did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. See Note 5 for additional disclosures relating to the adoption of this guidance. Collaborative Arrangements: Clarifying the Interaction with the New Revenue Standard On January 1, 2020, we adopted FASB guidance on the accounting for collaborative arrangements, which clarifies that certain transactions between parties to collaborative arrangements should be accounted for in accordance with FASB revenue guidance when the counterparty is a customer. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract On January 1, 2020, we adopted FASB guidance on the accounting for implementation costs of a cloud computing arrangement that is considered to be a service contract. This guidance requires companies to follow the guidance for capitalizing costs associated with internal- use software to determine which costs to capitalize in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. Under this guidance, such implementation costs will be capitalized in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with the related amortization presented in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. This guidance was applied prospectively to implementation costs incurred after January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. II-70 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Financial Instruments On January 1, 2020, we adopted FASB guidance on the accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. Among other provisions, this guidance introduces a new impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The guidance applies primarily to our trade and other receivables, and requires the use of a forward-looking “expected loss” model instead of the “incurred loss” model that was used under previous FASB guidance for determining an allowance for credit losses. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Leases During the first quarter of 2019, we adopted FASB guidance on the accounting for leases, which supersedes previous lease guidance. Under this guidance, for all leases with terms in excess of one year, we recognize on our balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset representing our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. This guidance retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases and the classification criteria is substantially similar to previous guidance. Additionally, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed. We applied the modified retrospective method of adoption and therefore, results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under this guidance while prior periods have not been adjusted. This guidance did not have an impact on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Revenues On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB guidance on the recognition of revenues, which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. The primary impact to our revenue recognition policies resulting from this standard relates to the timing of revenue recognition for the renewal of an existing licensing agreement, which is recognized as revenue when the renewal term begins. Under previous guidance, these revenues were recognized upon the execution of such renewal. In addition, under this standard, revenues for certain distribution arrangements are recognized based on the gross amount of consideration received from the customer, with an offsetting increase to operating expenses. Under previous accounting guidance, such revenues were recognized at the net amount retained by us after the payment of fees to the third party. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new standard while prior periods have not been adjusted. We applied the modified retrospective method of adoption with the cumulative effect of the initial adoption of $350 million reflected as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Reference Rate Reform In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and may not be applied to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, with a few exceptions for certain hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact of the changes in reference rates and the exemptions and exceptions in this guidance on our consolidated financial statements. II-71 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for income taxes that, among other provisions, eliminates certain exceptions to existing guidance related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. This guidance also requires an entity to reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in its effective income tax rate in the first interim period that includes the enactment date of the new legislation, aligning the timing of recognition of the effects from enacted tax law changes on the effective income tax rate with the effects on deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Under existing guidance, an entity recognizes the effects of the enacted tax law change on the effective income tax rate in the period that includes the effective date of the tax law. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 2) ACQUISITIONS Miramax On April 3, 2020, we acquired a 49% interest in Miramax, a global film and television studio, for $375 million, which included a cash payment at closing of approximately $150 million along with a commitment to invest $45 million annually over the next five years, or $225 million, to be used for new film and television productions and working capital. In conjunction with this acquisition, we entered into commercial agreements with Miramax under which we have exclusive, long-term distribution rights to Miramax’s catalog, adding more than 700 titles to our existing library. We also have certain rights to co-produce, co-finance and/or distribute new film and television projects. The investment is accounted for as a consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”). We are the primary beneficiary of the VIE due to our power to direct the distribution of Miramax’s films and television series, which is considered the most significant activity of the VIE. The following table summarizes our allocation of the purchase price as of the acquisition date. Assets Cash Accounts receivable and other current assets Programming inventory Goodwill Intangible assets Other assets (noncurrent) Assets acquired Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses Participants’ share and royalties payable (current) Deferred revenues Participants’ share and royalties payable (noncurrent) Debt Other liabilities (noncurrent) Liabilities assumed Noncontrolling interests Total purchase price II-72 $ $ $ $ 32 19 536 99 12 7 705 13 16 10 20 105 28 192 363 150 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes, reflects the expected Company-specific synergies arising from the acquisition and is included in the Filmed Entertainment segment. Intangible assets consist of a trade name with a useful life of 10 years. The operating results of Miramax from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2020 were not material. Other Acquisitions During 2019, we acquired Pluto Inc., the provider of Pluto TV, a leading free streaming television service in the U.S., for $324 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase price excluded $18 million of post-combination expenses that are subject to continuous employment and are recognized over the required service period in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within “Selling, general and administrative expenses”. The results of Pluto TV are included in the Cable Networks segment from the date of acquisition. In 2019, we acquired the remaining 50% interest in Pop TV, a general entertainment cable network, for $39 million, net of cash acquired, bringing our ownership to 100%. The assets acquired primarily consist of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The results of Pop TV are included in the Cable Networks segment from the date of acquisition. In 2018, we made payments totaling $118 million, for acquisitions that included WhoSay Inc., a leading influence marketing firm; Pop Culture Media, a digital entertainment media company; VidCon LLC, a host of conferences dedicated to online video; and Awesomeness TV Holdings, LLC, a multi-platform media company serving global Gen-Z audiences as a digital-first destination for original programming. The operating results of these acquisitions were not material to our consolidated financial statements. 3) DISPOSITIONS Simon & Schuster On November 25, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell our publishing business, Simon & Schuster, to Penguin Random House for $2.175 billion in cash. This divestiture follows a strategic review of our non-core assets that was completed in early 2020. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval and is expected to close in 2021. Simon & Schuster has been presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. The following tables set forth details of net earnings from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Year Ended December 31, 2020 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Simon & Schuster Other (a) Total $ $ 901 573 172 5 10 760 141 (5) 136 (34) 102 $ $ — (19) — — — (19) 19 — 19 (4) 15 $ $ 901 554 172 5 10 741 160 (5) 155 (38) 117 II-73 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2019 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Year Ended December 31, 2018 Revenues Costs and expenses: Operating Selling, general and administrative Depreciation and amortization Restructuring charges Total costs and expenses Operating income Other items, net Earnings from discontinued operations Income tax provision Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Simon & Schuster Other (a) Total $ $ 814 510 166 5 6 687 127 (5) 122 (20) 102 Simon & Schuster $ $ 825 518 158 6 1 683 142 (2) 140 (37) 103 $ $ $ $ — (50) — — — (50) 50 — 50 (12) 38 Other (a) — (42) — — — (42) 42 — 42 (10) 32 $ $ $ $ (a) Primarily relates to indemnification obligations for leases associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players Inc. (“Famous Players”). The following table presents the major classes of assets and liabilities of our discontinued operations. At December 31, Receivables, net Other current assets Goodwill Property and equipment, net Operating lease assets Other assets Total Assets Royalties payable Other current liabilities Operating lease liabilities Other liabilities Total Liabilities CNET Media Group 2020 2019 $ $ $ $ 447 183 435 42 191 141 1,439 131 349 194 26 700 $ $ $ $ On October 30, 2020, we completed the sale of CNET Media Group (“CMG”) to Red Ventures for $484 million, including an estimated working capital adjustment. The purchase price consisted of a cash payment at closing of II-74 814 460 166 5 6 637 177 (5) 172 (32) 140 Total 825 476 158 6 1 641 184 (2) 182 (47) 135 369 175 435 40 201 121 1,341 116 317 204 59 696 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) $459 million and a credit of $25 million to be used over five years for the purchase of advertising and licensing of data from Red Ventures. This transaction resulted in a gain of $214 million ($183 million, net of tax). CBS Television City During 2019, we completed the sale of CBS Television City for $750 million. We guaranteed a specified level of cash flows to be generated by the business during the first five years following the completion of the sale. This transaction resulted in a gain of $549 million ($386 million, net of tax) for 2019, which included a reduction for the present value of the estimated amount payable under the guarantee obligation. 4) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT At December 31, Land Buildings Finance leases Equipment and other (a) Less accumulated depreciation and amortization Net property and equipment 2020 2019 $ $ 437 1,253 159 4,151 6,000 4,006 1,994 $ $ 438 1,232 195 4,052 5,917 3,872 2,045 (a) Accumulated amortization of finance leases was $140 million and $160 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Year Ended December 31, Depreciation expense, including amortization of finance leases (a) (b) 2020 2019 2018 $ 345 $ 362 $ 377 (a) Amortization expense related to finance leases was $18 million, $23 million and $28 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. (b) Included in depreciation expense for 2020 is $12 million of accelerated depreciation resulting from the abandonment of technology in connection with synergy plans related to the Merger. II-75 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 5) PROGRAMMING AND OTHER INVENTORY The following tables present our programming and other inventory by type at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Programming inventory at December 31, 2020 has been grouped according to the predominant monetization strategy in accordance with new FASB guidance adopted in 2020 (see Note 1). Film Group Monetization: Acquired television and film program rights, including prepaid sports rights Internally-produced television programming: At December 31, 2020 $ 3,413 Released In process and other Individual Monetization: Acquired libraries Film inventory: Released Completed, not yet released In process and other Internally-produced television programming: Released In process and other Home entertainment Total programming and other inventory Less current portion Total noncurrent programming and other inventory $ 2,558 1,682 483 374 543 816 1,206 1,013 32 12,120 1,757 10,363 Acquired television and film program rights, including prepaid sports rights Acquired television library Internally-produced television programming: Released In process and other Film inventory: Released Completed, not yet released In process and other Home entertainment Total programming and other inventory Less current portion Total noncurrent programming and other inventory II-76 At December 31, 2019 $ $ 3,477 99 3,627 2,626 502 55 1,037 42 11,465 2,813 8,652 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following table presents amortization of television and film programming and production costs. Programming costs, acquired programming Production costs, internally-produced television and film programming: Individual monetization Film group monetization Programming Charges For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 $ $ $ 3,779 2,669 3,133 During 2020, we recorded programming charges of $159 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19. These programming charges are included within the TV Entertainment, Cable Networks and Filmed Entertainment segments for $101 million, $53 million and $5 million, respectively. During 2019, in connection with the Merger, we implemented management changes across the organization. In connection with these changes, we performed an evaluation of our programming portfolio across all of our businesses, including an assessment of the optimal use of our programming in the marketplace, which resulted in the identification of programs not aligned with management’s strategy. As a result, we recorded programming charges of $589 million principally reflecting accelerated amortization associated with changes in the expected monetization of certain programs, and decisions to cease airing, alter future airing patterns or not renew certain programs. During 2018, in connection with management changes, we recorded programming charges of $162 million relating to changes to our programming strategy, including at CBS Films, which shifted its focus from theatrical films to developing content for our streaming services, as well as at our Cable Networks segment where we ceased the use of certain programming. The programming charges for 2020, 2019, and 2018 were included within “Operating expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table presents the expected amortization over each of the next three years of released programming inventory on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020. Programming costs, acquired programming and acquired libraries Production costs, internally-produced television and film programming: Individual monetization Film group monetization 2021 2022 2023 $ $ $ 2,717 1,089 1,251 $ $ $ 422 165 618 $ $ $ 232 94 393 We expect to amortize approximately $456 million of our completed, not yet released film inventory, which is monetized on an individual basis, during the year ended December 31, 2021. 6) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairment Test We perform a fair value-based impairment test of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, comprised primarily of television FCC licenses, on an annual basis, and also between annual tests if an event occurs or if II-77 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value. FCC licenses are tested for impairment at the geographic market level. We consider each geographic market, which is comprised of all of our television stations within that geographic market, to be a single unit of accounting because the FCC licenses at this level represent their highest and best use. At December 31, 2020, we had 14 television markets with FCC license book values. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment, or one level below. At December 31, 2020, we had four reporting units. For our annual impairment test, we perform qualitative assessments for the reporting units and television markets with FCC licenses that management estimates have fair values that significantly exceed their respective carrying values. In making this determination, we also consider the duration of time since a quantitative test was performed. For the 2020 annual impairment test, we performed qualitative assessments for 10 of our television markets and all of our reporting units. For each reporting unit, we weighed the relative impact of factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. For each television market, we weighed the relative impact of market-specific and macroeconomic factors. Based on the qualitative assessments, considering the aggregation of the relevant factors, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of these reporting units and the fair value of FCC licenses within each of these markets are less than their respective carrying values. Therefore, performing a quantitative impairment test was unnecessary. A quantitative impairment test of FCC licenses calculates an estimated fair value using the Greenfield Discounted Cash Flow Method, which values a hypothetical start-up station in the relevant market by adding discounted cash flows over a five-year build-up period to a residual value. The assumptions for the build-up period include industry projections of overall market revenues; the start-up station’s operating costs and capital expenditures, which are based on both industry and internal data; and average market share. The discount rate is determined based on the industry and market-based risk of achieving the projected cash flows, and the residual value is calculated using a long-term growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and industry projections. During the second quarter of 2020, based on an assessment of the relevant factors that could impact the fair value of FCC licenses, including the effects of COVID-19, we determined that an interim impairment test was necessary for three markets in which we hold FCC licenses. The impairment test indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in two markets were lower than their respective carrying values, which resulted from recent declines in industry projections in the markets where these FCC licenses are held, that were further accelerated by COVID-19. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $25 million to write down the carrying values of these FCC licenses to their aggregate estimated fair value of $216 million. This charge is included within “Depreciation and amortization” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Additionally, the estimated fair value of the FCC license in the third market exceeded its carrying value of $53 million by 7%. For the 2020 annual test, which was performed during the fourth quarter, we performed a quantitative impairment test for the three markets tested during the second quarter, as well as a fourth television market. The impairment tests indicated that the estimated fair values of FCC licenses in the three markets we tested during the second quarter, which had an aggregate carrying value of FCC licenses of $269 million at December 31, 2020, were within 10% of their respective carrying values. The fourth market had an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value by more than 20%. II-78 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following tables present the changes in the book value of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Balance at December 31, 2019 Acquisitions / (Dispositions) Foreign Currency Balance at December 31, 2020 TV Entertainment: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Cable Networks: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Filmed Entertainment: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Total: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment $ $ 17,615 (13,354) 4,261 10,691 — 10,691 1,593 — 1,593 29,899 (13,354) 16,545 (a) Amount reflects the disposition of CMG. (b) Amount relates to the acquisition of Miramax. Balance at December 31, 2018 TV Entertainment: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Cable Networks: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Filmed Entertainment: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment Total: Goodwill Accumulated impairment losses Goodwill, net of impairment $ $ 17,618 (13,354) 4,264 10,234 — 10,234 1,593 — 1,593 29,445 (13,354) 16,091 (a) Primarily reflects the acquisitions of Pluto Inc. and Pop TV. — — — 53 — 53 — — — 53 — 53 — — — 6 — 6 — — — 6 — 6 $ $ 17,502 (13,354) 4,148 10,772 — 10,772 1,692 — 1,692 29,966 (13,354) 16,612 Balance at December 31, 2019 $ $ 17,615 (13,354) 4,261 10,691 — 10,691 1,593 — 1,593 29,899 (13,354) 16,545 Foreign Currency (a) $ (113) — (113) (b) 28 — 28 99 — 99 14 — 14 Acquisitions (Dispositions) (3) — (3) (a) 451 — 451 — — — 448 — 448 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ II-79 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Our intangible assets were as follows: At December 31, 2020 Intangible assets subject to amortization: Trade names Licenses Customer agreements Other intangible assets Total intangible assets subject to amortization FCC licenses International broadcast licenses Other intangible assets Total intangible assets At December 31, 2019 Intangible assets subject to amortization: Trade names Licenses Customer agreements Other intangible assets Total intangible assets subject to amortization FCC licenses International broadcast licenses Other intangible assets Total intangible assets Amortization expense was as follows: Year Ended December 31, Amortization expense (a) Gross Accumulated Amortization Net $ $ $ $ 249 168 120 251 788 2,416 27 34 3,265 Gross 404 159 119 255 937 2,441 25 34 3,437 $ $ $ $ (123) (50) (97) (169) (439) — — — (439) Accumulated Amortization (171) (38) (92) (146) (447) — — — (447) $ $ $ $ 126 118 23 82 349 2,416 27 34 2,826 Net 233 121 27 109 490 2,441 25 34 2,990 2020 2019 2018 $ 85 $ 76 $ 50 (a) For 2020, amortization expense includes an impairment charge of $25 million to write down the carrying value of FCC licenses, and was recorded within the TV Entertainment segment. For 2019, amortization expense includes an impairment charge of $20 million, which reduced the carrying value of broadcast licenses in Australia to their fair value, and was recorded within the Cable Networks segment. We expect our aggregate annual amortization expense for existing intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the years, 2021 through 2025, to be as follows: Future amortization expense 2021 $ 45 2022 $ 41 2023 $ 39 2024 $ 31 2025 $ 27 II-80 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 7) RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CORPORATE MATTERS During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recorded the following for costs associated with restructuring and other corporate matters. Year Ended December 31, Severance Exit costs and other Restructuring charges Restructuring-related costs Merger-related costs Other corporate matters Restructuring and other corporate matters Restructuring Charges and Related Costs 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 472 70 542 — 56 20 618 $ $ 395 23 418 — 294 57 769 $ $ 234 75 309 52 — 128 489 During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $542 million, associated with cost-transformation initiatives in connection with the Merger in an effort to reduce redundancies across our businesses. These charges primarily consist of severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $418 million, primarily for severance costs, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, in connection with the Merger, as well as costs related to a restructuring plan initiated in the first quarter of 2019 under which severance payments were provided to certain eligible employees who voluntarily elected to participate. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges of $309 million, resulting from cost transformation initiatives to improve margins. In addition, in 2018 we recorded restructuring-related costs of $52 million, comprised of third-party professional services associated with such initiatives. Restructuring charges during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 also included exit costs of $70 million, $23 million, and $75 million, respectively. These costs relate to the termination of contractual obligations and charges associated with the exit of leases. The following is a rollforward of our restructuring liability, which is recorded in “Other current liabilities” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining restructuring liability at December 31, 2020, which primarily relates to severance payments, is expected to be substantially paid by the end of 2021. TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Balance at December 31, 2019 Charges (a) 2020 Activity Payments Other Balance at December 31, 2020 $ $ 99 137 17 143 396 $ $ 137 179 25 71 412 $ $ (111) (158) (12) (117) (398) $ $ (13) (14) — (11) (38) $ $ 112 144 30 86 372 II-81 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Balance at December 31, 2018 Charges (a) 2019 Activity Payments Other Balance at December 31, 2019 $ $ 54 151 22 57 284 $ $ 128 97 8 118 351 $ $ (82) (104) (12) (32) (230) $ $ (1) (7) (1) — (9) $ $ 99 137 17 143 396 (a) Excludes stock-based compensation expense of $88 million and $67 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and excludes lease asset impairments of $42 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Merger-related Costs and Other Corporate Matters In 2020, in addition to the above-mentioned restructuring charges and related costs, we incurred costs of $56 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of professional fees mainly associated with integration activities, as well as transaction-related bonuses. We also incurred costs of $5 million for professional fees associated with dispositions and other corporate matters, and we recorded a charge of $15 million to write down property and equipment that has been classified as held for sale to its fair value less costs to sell. In 2019, in addition to the above-mentioned restructuring charges and related costs, we incurred costs of $294 million in connection with the Merger, consisting of financial advisory, legal and other professional fees, transaction-related bonuses, and contractual executive compensation, including the accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation, that was triggered by the Merger. We also incurred costs of $40 million in connection with the settlement of a commercial dispute and $17 million associated with legal proceedings involving the Company (see Note 20) and other corporate matters. In 2018, we recorded expenses of $128 million primarily for professional fees related to legal proceedings, investigations at our Company and the evaluation of potential merger activity. 8) RELATED PARTIES National Amusements, Inc. NAI is the controlling stockholder of ViacomCBS. Shari E. Redstone is the Chairperson, CEO and President of NAI and the non-executive Chair of our Board of Directors. At December 31, 2020, NAI directly or indirectly owned approximately 79.4% of our voting Class A Common Stock and 10.2% of our Class A Common Stock and non-voting Class B Common Stock on a combined basis. Until the death of Mr. Sumner M. Redstone on August 11, 2020, NAI was controlled by Mr. Redstone through the Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust (the “SMR Trust”), which owned 80% of the voting interest of NAI, with such voting interest voted solely by Mr. Redstone. Upon Mr. Redstone’s death and in accordance with the terms of the trust agreement governing the SMR Trust and the Continuing Trusts (as defined below), the SMR Trust was succeeded by two continuing trusts (the “Continuing Trusts”), each of which holds 40% of the voting stock of NAI. Under the terms of the trust agreement governing the SMR Trust and the Continuing Trusts, the Continuing Trusts are required to share the same seven voting trustees, who have equal voting power, and each trustee is required to cause each Continuing Trust to vote the NAI shares held by that Continuing Trust in the same manner as the NAI shares held by the other Continuing Trust. Ms. Redstone is one of the seven voting trustees for each Continuing Trust and is one of two voting trustees who are beneficiaries of one of the Continuing Trusts. No member of our management or other member of our Board, is a trustee of either of the Continuing Trusts. Pursuant to a settlement and release agreement entered into by us, NAI and others, with respect to legal proceedings involving these parties, we paid $30 million for professional fees incurred by NAI during 2018 II-82 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) relating to these legal proceedings, which are included in “Restructuring and other corporate matters” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. Other Related Parties. In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in transactions with our equity-method investees, primarily for the licensing of television and film programming. The following tables present the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements related to these transactions. Year Ended December 31, Revenues Operating expenses At December 31, Amounts due to/from other related parties Accounts receivable Accounts payable 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 106 13 $ $ 179 14 $ $ 170 22 2020 2019 $ $ 69 — $ $ 45 3 Through the normal course of business, we are involved in transactions with other related parties that have not been material in any of the periods presented. 9) REVENUES The following table presents our revenues disaggregated into categories based on the nature of such revenues. Year Ended December 31, Revenues by Type: Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Theatrical Other Total Revenues Unrecognized Revenues Under Contract 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 9,751 9,166 5,963 180 225 25,285 $ $ 11,074 8,602 6,483 547 292 26,998 $ $ 10,841 8,376 6,163 744 301 26,425 At December 31, 2020, unrecognized revenues attributable to unsatisfied performance obligations under our long-term contracts was $6.79 billion, of which $3.75 billion is expected to be recognized in 2021, $2.11 billion in 2022, $589 million in 2023, and $339 million thereafter. These amounts only include contracts subject to a guaranteed fixed amount or the guaranteed minimum under variable contracts, primarily consisting of television and film licensing contracts and affiliate agreements that are subject to a fixed or guaranteed minimum fee. Such amounts change on a regular basis as we renew existing agreements or enter into new agreements. Unrecognized revenues under contract disclosed above do not include (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less, mainly consisting of advertising contracts (ii) contracts for which variable consideration is determined based on the customer’s subsequent sale or usage, mainly consisting of affiliate agreements and (iii) long-term licensing agreements for multiple programs for which variable consideration is determined based on the value of the programs delivered to the customer and our right to invoice corresponds with the value delivered. Performance Obligations Satisfied in Previous Periods Under certain licensing arrangements, the amount and timing of our revenue recognition is determined based on our licensees’ subsequent sale to its end customers. As a result, under such arrangements, which primarily include II-83 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) licensing of our content to distributors of transactional video-on-demand and electronic sell-through services, we often satisfy our performance obligation of delivery of our content in advance of revenue recognition. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenues of $250 million, $235 million, and $172 million, respectively, in our Filmed Entertainment segment for performance obligations satisfied, or partially satisfied, in a prior period. Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities were $1.12 billion, $908 million and $743 million at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively and are included within “Deferred revenues” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in contract liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily reflects $591 million of revenues recognized that were included in deferred revenues at December 31, 2019 partially offset by cash payments received during the period for which the performance obligation was not satisfied prior to the end of the period. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized revenues of $498 million that were included in deferred revenues at December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized revenues of $558 million that were included in deferred revenues at December 31, 2017. Receivables Included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are noncurrent receivables of $2.02 billion and $2.15 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Noncurrent receivables primarily relate to revenues recognized under long-term television licensing arrangements. Television license fee revenues are recognized at the beginning of the license period in which programs are made available to the licensee for exhibition, while the related cash is collected over the term of the license period. The year of origination for these receivables at December 31, 2020 was $1.02 billion in 2020, $608 million in 2019, $299 million in 2018, $82 million in 2017, and $15 million for 2016 and prior. Our receivables do not represent significant concentrations of credit risk at December 31, 2020 and 2019, due to the wide variety of customers, markets and geographic areas to which our products and services are sold. II-84 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 10) DEBT Our debt consists of the following: At December 31, Commercial paper 4.3% Senior Notes due 2021 4.5% Senior Notes due 2021 3.875% Senior Notes due 2021 2.250% Senior Notes due 2022 3.375% Senior Notes due 2022 3.125% Senior Notes due 2022 2.50% Senior Notes due 2023 3.25% Senior Notes due 2023 2.90% Senior Notes due 2023 4.25% Senior Notes due 2023 7.875% Debentures due 2023 7.125% Senior Notes due 2023 3.875% Senior Notes due 2024 3.70% Senior Notes due 2024 3.50% Senior Notes due 2025 4.75% Senior Notes due 2025 4.0% Senior Notes due 2026 3.45% Senior Notes due 2026 2.90% Senior Notes due 2027 3.375% Senior Notes due 2028 3.70% Senior Notes due 2028 4.20% Senior Notes due 2029 7.875% Senior Debentures due 2030 4.95% Senior Notes due 2031 4.20% Senior Notes due 2032 5.50% Senior Debentures due 2033 4.85% Senior Debentures due 2034 6.875% Senior Debentures due 2036 6.75% Senior Debentures due 2037 5.90% Senior Notes due 2040 4.50% Senior Debentures due 2042 4.85% Senior Notes due 2042 4.375% Senior Debentures due 2043 4.875% Senior Debentures due 2043 5.85% Senior Debentures due 2043 5.25% Senior Debentures due 2044 4.90% Senior Notes due 2044 4.60% Senior Notes due 2045 4.95% Senior Notes due 2050 5.875% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2057 6.25% Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2057 Other bank borrowings Obligations under finance leases Total debt (a) Less commercial paper Less current portion of long-term debt Total long-term debt, net of current portion 2020 2019 $ $ — — — — 35 415 117 196 141 242 837 139 35 490 598 596 1,239 791 123 691 495 492 493 831 1,220 969 427 87 1,069 75 298 45 487 1,116 18 1,232 345 540 589 942 514 643 95 26 19,733 — 16 19,717 $ $ 699 300 499 597 49 698 194 398 181 396 1,242 187 46 489 598 592 — 789 123 688 494 491 493 831 — — 426 87 1,068 75 297 45 486 1,109 18 1,231 345 539 589 — 643 643 — 44 18,719 699 18 18,002 (a) At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the senior and junior subordinated debt balances included (i) a net unamortized discount of $491 million and $412 million, respectively, and (ii) unamortized deferred financing costs of $107 million and $92 million, respectively. The face value of our total debt was $20.33 billion at December 31, 2020 and $19.23 billion at December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued $4.50 billion of senior notes with interest rates ranging from 4.20% to 4.95% and due dates from 2025 to 2050. The net proceeds from these issuances are being used for the redemption of our long-term debt as well as for general corporate purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we redeemed, prior to maturity, senior notes, debentures, and junior subordinated debentures totaling $2.77 II-85 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) billion, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.88 billion. These redemptions resulted in a pre-tax loss on extinguishment of debt of $126 million ($97 million, net of tax). During the year ended December 31, 2019, we issued $500 million of 4.20% senior notes due 2029. We used the net proceeds from this issuance in the redemption of our $600 million outstanding 2.30% senior notes due August 2019. During 2019, we also repaid the $220 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.625% senior notes due September 2019 and the $90 million aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% senior notes due December 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we redeemed $1.13 billion of senior notes and debentures for a redemption price of $1.10 billion, resulting in a pre-tax gain on extinguishment of debt of $18 million ($14 million, net of tax). Our 5.875% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 and 6.25% junior subordinated debentures due February 2057 accrue interest at the stated fixed rates until February 28, 2022 and February 28, 2027, respectively, on which dates the rates will switch to floating rates based on three-month LIBOR plus 3.895% and 3.899%, respectively, reset quarterly. These debentures can be called by us at any time after the expiration of the fixed-rate period. The interest rate payable on our 2.25% senior notes due February 2022 and 3.45% senior notes due October 2026, collectively the “Senior Notes”, will be subject to adjustment from time to time if Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or S&P Global Ratings downgrades (or downgrades and subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to the Senior Notes. The interest rate on these Senior Notes would increase by 0.25% upon each credit agency downgrade up to a maximum of 2.00%, and would similarly be decreased for subsequent upgrades. At December 31, 2020, the outstanding principal amount of our 2.25% senior notes due February 2022 and 3.45% senior notes due October 2026 was $35 million and $124 million, respectively. Some of our outstanding notes and debentures provide for certain covenant packages typical for an investment grade company. There is an acceleration trigger for the majority of the notes and debentures in the event of a change in control under specified circumstances coupled with ratings downgrades due to the change in control, as well as certain optional redemption provisions for our junior debentures. At December 31, 2020, our scheduled maturities of long-term debt at face value, excluding finance leases, and the related interest payments were as follows: Long-term debt Commercial Paper 2021 2022 $ — $ 569 2023 $ 1,596 2024 1,092 $ 2025 2026 and Thereafter $ 1,850 $ 15,103 In January 2020, our commercial paper program was increased to $3.50 billion from $2.50 billion in conjunction with the new $3.50 billion revolving credit facility described below. At December 31, 2020, we had no outstanding commercial paper borrowings. At December 31, 2019, we had $699 million outstanding commercial paper borrowings under our commercial paper program at a weighted average interest rate of 2.07% and maturities of less than 90 days. Credit Facility In January 2020, the $2.50 billion revolving credit facility held by CBS prior to the Merger, with a maturity in June 2021, was terminated and the revolving credit facility held by Viacom prior to the Merger, with a maturity in II-86 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) February 2024, was amended and restated to a $3.50 billion revolving credit facility with a maturity in January 2025 (the “Credit Facility”). The credit facility is used for general corporate purposes and to support commercial paper outstanding, if any. We may, at our option, also borrow in certain foreign currencies up to specified limits under the Credit Facility. Borrowing rates under the Credit Facility are determined at our option at the time of each borrowing and are generally based on either the prime rate in the U.S. or LIBOR plus a margin based on our senior unsecured debt rating, depending on the type and tenor of the loans entered. The Credit Facility has one principal financial covenant that requires our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio to be less than 4.5x (which we may elect to increase to 5.0x for up to four consecutive quarters following a qualified acquisition) at the end of each quarter. The Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio reflects the ratio of our Consolidated Indebtedness at the end of a quarter, to our Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the amended credit agreement) for the trailing twelve-month period. We met the covenant as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility and the remaining availability under the Credit Facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, was $3.50 billion. Other Bank Borrowings At December 31, 2020, we had $95 million of bank borrowings with a weighted average interest rate of 3.50% under Miramax’s $300 million credit facility, which matures in April 2023. 11) LEASES At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets relating to our leases. Right-of-Use Assets Operating lease assets Property and equipment, net Lease Liabilities Other current liabilities Debt Operating lease liabilities Long-term debt Total lease liabilities Weighted average remaining lease term Weighted average discount rate Operating Finance 2020 2019 2020 2019 $ $ $ $ 1,602 $ — $ 306 $ — 1,583 — 1,889 $ 1,738 — 289 — 1,705 — 1,994 $ $ $ $ — $ 19 $ — $ 16 — 10 26 $ — 35 — 19 — 25 44 Operating Finance 2020 2019 2020 2019 8 years 4.0 % 9 years 4.0 % 2 years 4.2 % 3 years 4.5 % II-87 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Lessee Contracts We have operating leases primarily for office space, equipment, satellite transponders and studio facilities. We also have finance leases for satellite transponders and equipment. Lease costs are generally fixed, with certain contracts containing variable payments for non-lease costs based on usage and escalations in the lessors’ annual costs. The following table presents our lease cost. Year Ended December 31, Operating lease cost Finance lease cost: (a) (b) Amortization of right-of-use assets Interest expense on lease liabilities (b) (c) Short-term lease cost (d) Variable lease cost Sublease income Total lease cost 2020 2019 $ 379 $ 18 2 162 58 (24) 595 $ $ 382 23 3 242 80 (31) 699 (a) Includes fixed lease costs and non-lease costs (consisting of other occupancy and service costs relating to the use of an asset) associated with long-term operating leases. (b) Includes costs capitalized in programming assets during the period for leased assets used in the production of programming. (c) Short-term leases, which are not recorded in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, have a term of 12 months or less and exclude month-to-month leases. (d) Primarily includes non-lease costs (consisting of other occupancy and service costs relating to the use of an asset) and costs for equipment leases that vary based on usage. The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to our leases. Year Ended December 31, Cash paid for amounts included in lease liabilities Operating lease payments, included in operating cash flows Finance lease payments, included in financing cash flows Noncash additions to operating lease assets 2020 2019 $ $ $ 385 $ 21 $ 221 $ 324 27 387 II-88 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The expected future payments relating to our operating and finance lease liabilities at December 31, 2020 are as follows: 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 and thereafter Total minimum payments Less amounts representing interest Present value of minimum payments Leases Operating Finance $ $ 372 315 260 209 197 916 2,269 380 1,889 $ $ 17 7 2 1 1 — 28 2 26 As of December 31, 2020, we had no material leases that were executed but not yet commenced. Lessor Contracts We enter into operating leases for the use of our owned production facilities and office buildings. Lease payments received under these agreements consist of fixed payments for the rental of space and certain building operating costs, as well as variable payments based on usage of production facilities and services, and escalating costs of building operations. We recorded total lease income of $133 million and $148 million, including both fixed and variable amounts, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, future fixed lease income under noncancellable operating leases is as follows: 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 and thereafter Total $ $ 56 49 47 37 28 29 246 12) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The carrying value of our financial instruments approximates fair value, except for notes and debentures. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the carrying value of our outstanding notes and debentures was $19.61 billion and $17.98 billion, respectively, and the fair value, which is determined based on quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy) was $24.5 billion and $20.6 billion, respectively. We use derivative financial instruments primarily to manage our exposure to market risks from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivative instruments unless there is an underlying exposure and, therefore, we do not hold or enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. Investments At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had investments of $601 million and $753 million, respectively, consisting of equity-method investments, equity investments without a readily determinable fair value and marketable II-89 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) securities. We contributed $59 million, $171 million and $161 million to our investments during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our equity method investments include a 50% interest in the broadcast network, The CW, as well as interests in several international television joint ventures including a 49% interest in Viacom18, a joint venture in India which owns and operates COLORS pay television channel, a digital advertising platform and a filmed entertainment business. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, we had $536 million and $494 million of equity-method investments. For the year ended December 31, 2020, “Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes an impairment charge of $9 million relating to an international television joint venture. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, we had $65 million and $113 million of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. During 2020, we recorded a gain of $213 million related to an increase in the value of our investment in fuboTV, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2020. For 2020, 2019, and 2018, included in “Net gains (losses) from investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was $7 million, $50 million and $46 million, respectively, for the impairment of investments without a readily determinable fair value. During 2020, we sold marketable securities for proceeds of $146 million. We did not have any marketable securities at December 31, 2020. The fair value of our marketable securities was $146 million at December 31, 2019 as determined based on quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy). For 2019 and 2018, included in “Net gains (losses) from investments” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was an unrealized gain of $113 million and an unrealized loss of $23 million, respectively, resulting from changes in the fair value of our marketable securities. In 2019, we completed the sale of an international joint venture resulting in a gain of $10 million. In 2018, we completed the sale of a 1% equity interest in Viacom18 to our joint venture partner for $20 million, resulting in a gain of $16 million. These gains have been included in “Net gains (losses) from investments” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign Exchange Contracts Foreign exchange forward contracts have principally been used to hedge projected cash flows in currencies such as the British Pound, the Euro, the Canadian Dollar and the Australian Dollar, generally for periods up to 24 months. We designate foreign exchange forward contracts used to hedge committed and forecasted foreign currency transactions as cash flow hedges. Additionally, we enter into non-designated forward contracts to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the notional amount of all foreign currency contracts was $1.27 billion and $1.44 billion, respectively. For 2020, $740 million related to future production costs and $529 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. For 2019, $833 million related to future production costs and $606 million related to our foreign currency balances and other expected foreign currency cash flows. Losses recognized on derivative financial instruments were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Non-designated foreign exchange contracts 2020 $ (20) 2019 $ (4) Financial Statement Account Other items, net II-90 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The fair value of our derivative instruments was not material to the Consolidated Balance Sheets for any of the periods presented. We continually monitor our position with, and credit quality of, the financial institutions that are counterparties to our financial instruments. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties. 13) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The following tables set forth the balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets and liabilities have been categorized according to the three-level fair value hierarchy established by the FASB, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Level 1 is based on publicly quoted prices for the asset or liability in active markets. Level 2 is based on inputs that are observable other than quoted market prices in active markets, such as quoted prices for the asset or liability in inactive markets or quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. We do not have any assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using level 3 inputs. At December 31, 2020 Assets: Foreign currency hedges Total Assets Liabilities: Deferred compensation Foreign currency hedges Total Liabilities At December 31, 2019 Assets: Marketable securities Foreign currency hedges Total Assets Liabilities: Deferred compensation Foreign currency hedges Total Liabilities Level 1 Level 2 Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ — — — — — Level 1 146 — 146 — — — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 20 20 529 39 568 Level 2 — 13 13 490 14 504 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Total 20 20 — 529 39 568 146 13 159 — 490 14 504 The fair value of foreign currency hedges is determined based on the present value of future cash flows using observable inputs including foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of deferred compensation liabilities is determined based on the fair value of the investments elected by employees. The fair value of marketable securities at December 31, 2019 was determined based on quoted market prices in active markets. 14) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY In general, ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock and ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock have the same economic rights; however, holders of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock do not have any voting rights, except as required by law. Holders of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share with respect to all matters on which the holders of ViacomCBS Common Stock are entitled to vote. II-91 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Merger with Viacom—At the Effective Time of the Merger, (1) each share of Viacom Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock, and (2) each share of Viacom Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than shares held directly by Viacom as treasury shares or held by CBS, was converted automatically into 0.59625 shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock, resulting in the issuance of 29 million shares of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock and 211 million shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock. At the Effective Time, each share of CBS Class A Common Stock and each share of CBS Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, remained an issued and outstanding share of ViacomCBS Class A Common Stock and ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock, respectively, and was not affected by the Merger. Dividends—We declared a quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B Common Stock during each of the quarters of 2020, resulting in total dividends for the year of $601 million, or $.96 per share. On December 19, 2019, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.24 per share on our Class A and Class B Common Stock, resulting in total dividends of $150 million. Prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS each declared a quarterly cash dividend during each of the first three quarters of 2019 and during each of the four quarters of 2018. During the first three quarters of 2019, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.54, resulting in total dividends of $205 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, CBS declared total per share dividends of $.72, resulting in total annual dividends of $274 million. During the first three quarters of 2019, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.60, resulting in total dividends of $245 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Viacom declared total per share dividends of $.80, resulting in total annual dividends of $325 million. During the first half of 2018, dividends were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital as we had an accumulated deficit balance. During the second half of 2018, our retained earnings became positive and as a result, for the remainder of 2018, and for 2019 and 2020, dividends have been recorded to retained earnings. Treasury Stock—During 2020, we repurchased 1.3 million shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock under our share repurchase program for $50 million, at an average cost of $38.63 per share. At December 31, 2020, $2.36 billion of authorization remained under the share repurchase program. During 2019, we repurchased 1.2 million shares of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock under our share repurchase program for $50 million, at an average cost of $40.78 per share. In the Merger, all shares of Viacom Class B Common Stock held by Viacom as treasury stock were canceled and recorded to additional paid- in-capital. Conversion Rights—Holders of Class A Common Stock have the right to convert their shares to Class B Common Stock as long as there are at least 5,000 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding. For 2020, conversions of Class A Common Stock into Class B Common Stock were minimal. Conversions of Class A Common Stock into Class B Common Stock were 12.2 million for 2019 and 2.5 million for 2018. II-92 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)—The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Continuing Operations Cumulative Translation Adjustments (209) $ Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Cost (1,071) $ At December 31, 2017 Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications Reclassifications to net earnings Other comprehensive loss Adoption of accounting standard At December 31, 2018 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Reclassifications to net earnings Other comprehensive income (loss) Tax effects reclassified to retained earnings At December 31, 2019 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications Reclassifications to net earnings Other comprehensive income (loss) At December 31, 2020 $ (a) Reflects cumulative translation adjustments. (236) — (236) — (445) 7 — 7 — (438) 135 — 135 (303) (123) 62 (61) — (1,132) (205) 60 (145) (230) (1,507) (74) 72 (b) (b) (c) (b) (2) (1,509) $ Discontinued Operations Other Comprehensive (a) Income (Loss) (19) $ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss $ (1,269) (12) — (12) — (31) 6 — 6 — (25) 5 — 5 (20) $ (371) 62 (309) (30) (1,608) (192) 60 (132) (230) (1,970) 66 72 138 (1,832) $ Available-For-Sale Securities $ $ 30 — — — (30) — — — — — — — — — — (b) Reflects amortization of net actuarial losses and prior service cost. (c) Reflects the reclassification of certain income tax effects of federal tax legislation enacted in December 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”) on items within accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings upon the adoption of new FASB guidance. The net actuarial loss and prior service cost related to pension and other postretirement benefit plans included in other comprehensive income (loss) is net of a tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 of $1 million, $44 million and $23 million, respectively. 15) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We have equity incentive plans (the “Plans”) under which stock options, RSUs and market-based performance share units (“PSUs”) are issued. The purpose of the Plans is to benefit and advance the interests of our company by attracting, retaining and motivating participants and to compensate participants for their contributions to the financial success of our company. The Plans provide for awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted shares, RSUs, dividend equivalents, performance awards and other equity-related awards. RSUs and PSUs accrue dividends each time we declare a quarterly cash dividend, which are paid upon vesting when the shares are delivered and are forfeited if the award does not vest. Upon exercise of stock options or vesting of RSUs and PSUs, we issue new shares from our existing authorization. At December 31, 2020, there were 33 million shares available for future grant under the Plans. Stock-based compensation awards were also granted under Viacom’s equity incentive plans until December 31, 2020. Upon exercise of outstanding stock II-93 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) options or vesting of RSUs and PSUs under Viacom’s equity incentive plans, shares will be issued from Viacom’s existing authorization or from treasury stock. At the Effective Time of the Merger, each RSU for Viacom Class B common stock was converted into 0.59625 RSUs for ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock and each outstanding stock option for Viacom Class B common stock was converted into 0.59625 options for ViacomCBS Class B common stock. The exercise price of stock options was adjusted by dividing the exercise price of the Viacom stock options by 0.59625. RSU and stock option information is presented herein as if Viacom and CBS had been combined for all periods presented, unless otherwise noted. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Year Ended December 31, RSUs and PSUs Stock options Compensation cost included in operating and SG&A expense Compensation cost included in restructuring and other corporate matters (a) Stock-based compensation expense, before income taxes Related tax benefit Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax benefit 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 167 19 186 88 274 (54) 220 $ $ 169 27 196 90 286 (58) 228 $ $ 167 34 201 (14) 187 (44) 143 (a) Reflects accelerations as a result of restructuring activities, as well as accelerations triggered by the Merger in 2019, and forfeitures related to changes in senior management in 2018. Included in net earnings from discontinued operations was stock-based compensation expense of $10 million, $5 million, and $4 million for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. RSUs and PSUs Compensation expense for RSUs is determined based upon the market price of the shares underlying the awards on the date of grant and expensed over the vesting period, which is generally a one- to four-year service period. Certain RSU awards are also subject to satisfying internal performance conditions. Compensation expense is recorded based on the probable outcome of the internal performance conditions. Forfeitures for RSUs are estimated on the date of grant based on historical forfeiture rates. We adjust the compensation expense based on actual forfeitures and on an annual basis we revise the forfeiture rate as necessary. During 2020 and 2018, we also granted PSU awards. For the 2020 awards, the number of shares to be issued upon vesting of the PSUs is based on the total shareholder return of ViacomCBS Class B Common Stock measured against the companies comprising the S&P 500 Index over a designated measurement period. For the 2018 awards, the number of shares to be issued upon vesting of the PSUs was based on the total shareholder return of Viacom Class B Common Stock measured against the companies comprising the S&P 500 Index over a designated measurement period, as well as the achievement of established operating goals. The fair value of PSU awards is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Compensation expense for PSUs is expensed over the required employee service period. The fair value of the PSU awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2018 was $34 million and $35 million, respectively. There were no PSU awards granted in 2019. At the Effective Time of the Merger, all outstanding PSU awards for which the performance period had not been completed were converted into time-based RSUs based on the target number of shares included in the terms of the original PSU award. II-94 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs and PSUs granted was $32.35, $41.71 and $51.41 in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The total market value of RSUs that vested during 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $222 million, $159 million and $158 million, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs and PSUs at December 31, 2020 was $358 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.9 years. The following table summarizes our RSU and PSU share activity: Non-vested at December 31, 2019 (a) Granted Vested Forfeited Non-vested at December 31, 2020 Shares 14,489,729 6,757,535 (7,014,797) (231,837) 14,000,630 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value $ $ $ $ $ 45.64 32.35 46.40 42.05 38.91 (a) Grant activity includes 1 million of performance-based share units at target for 2020. Stock Options Compensation expense for stock options is determined based on the grant date fair value of the award calculated using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. Stock options generally vest over a three- to four-year service period and expire eight years from the date of grant. Forfeitures are estimated on the date of grant based on historical forfeiture rates. We adjust the compensation expense based on actual forfeitures. There were no stock option grants during 2020 and 2019. In 2018, the weighted average fair value of stock options granted for CBS Class B Common Stock as of the grant date was $14.48. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: Expected dividend yield Expected stock price volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected term of options (years) 2018 1.33 % 29.52 % 2.73 % 5.00 The weighted average fair value of stock options granted for Viacom Class B Common Stock as of the grant date, adjusted by the conversion ratio of 0.59625, was $13.77 in 2018. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option- pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions in effect for Viacom at the time of grant: Expected dividend yield Expected stock price volatility Risk-free interest rate Expected term of options (years) 2018 2.52 % 32.60 % 2.81 % 5.12 The expected stock price volatility for stock options for CBS Class B Common Stock was determined using a weighted average of historical volatility for CBS Class B Common Stock and implied volatility of publicly traded options to purchase CBS Class B Common Stock. The expected stock price volatility for stock options for II-95 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Viacom Class B Common Stock was principally determined based on the implied volatility of publicly traded options to purchase Viacom Class B Common Stock. Given the existence of an actively traded market for CBS and Viacom options prior to the closing of the Merger, we were able to derive implied volatility using publicly traded options that were trading near the grant date of the employee stock options at a similar exercise price and a remaining term of greater than one year. The risk-free interest rate is based on a U.S. Treasury rate in effect on the date of grant with a term equal to the expected term. The expected term is determined based on historical employee exercise and post-vesting termination behavior. The expected dividend yield represents our future expectation of the annual dividend yield based on the dividend rate on the grant date and historical patterns of dividend changes. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards at December 31, 2020 was $13 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years. The following table summarizes our stock option activity under the Plans. Outstanding at December 31, 2019 Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired Outstanding at December 31, 2020 Exercisable at December 31, 2020 Stock Options 16,291,709 — (378,648) (1,772,337) 14,140,724 12,269,735 Weighted Average Exercise Price 58.98 — 29.31 51.47 60.72 61.63 $ $ $ $ $ $ The following table summarizes other information relating to stock option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Year Ended December 31, Cash received from stock option exercises Tax benefit of stock option exercises Intrinsic value of stock option exercises 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ 5 1 2 $ $ $ 15 4 15 $ $ $ 29 4 16 At December 31, 2020, stock options outstanding and exercisable have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.10 years and 2.79 years, respectively. There was no intrinsic value for options outstanding and exercisable, based on our closing stock price of $37.26. 16) INCOME TAXES The U.S. and foreign components of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies were as follows: Year Ended December 31, United States Foreign Total 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 2,353 794 3,147 $ $ 2,225 998 3,223 $ $ 2,916 1,068 3,984 II-96 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes were as follows: Year Ended December 31, Current: Federal State and local Foreign Total current Deferred: Federal State and local Foreign Total deferred Provision (benefit) for income taxes 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 160 73 180 413 146 42 (66) 122 535 $ $ 370 164 202 736 (67) (43) (655) (765) (29) $ $ 277 92 163 532 20 20 8 48 580 In addition, included in net earnings from discontinued operations was an income tax provision of $38 million, $32 million and $47 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The equity in loss of investee companies is shown net of tax in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The tax benefits relating to losses from equity investments was $19 million in both 2020 and 2019 and $15 million in 2018, which represented an effective tax rate of 40.4%, 26.4% and 24.2% for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The difference between income taxes expected at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the provision (benefit) for income taxes is summarized as follows: (a) Year Ended December 31, Taxes on income at U.S. federal statutory rate State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit Effect of foreign operations Noncontrolling interests U.K. statutory rate change Reorganization of foreign operations Bankruptcy of an investee Impact of tax law changes Tax benefits from positions relating to the Tax Reform Act Merger related costs Establishment (reversal) of valuation allowance Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation Domestic production deduction Tax accounting method change Other, net Provision (benefit) for income taxes (c) (b) 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 661 116 (98) (52) (100) — — — — — — 29 — — (21) 535 $ $ 676 116 (49) (2) — (768) (39) — (44) 41 2 20 (1) — 19 (29) $ $ 836 109 (108) (1) — — — (80) — — (153) 8 24 (78) 23 580 (a) Reflects a deferred tax benefit resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations. The related deferred tax asset is primarily expected to be realized over a 25-year period. (b) Reflects tax benefits realized in connection with the preparation of the 2018 federal tax return, based on further clarity provided by the United States government on tax positions relating to the Tax Reform Act. (c) 2018 includes the reversal of a valuation allowance of $140 million relating to capital loss carryforwards that were utilized in connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019. II-97 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following table summarizes the components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities. At December 31, Deferred income tax assets: Reserves and other accrued liabilities Pension, postretirement and other employee benefits Lease liability Tax credit and loss carryforwards Other Total deferred income tax assets Valuation allowance Deferred income tax assets, net Deferred income tax liabilities: Intangible assets Unbilled licensing receivables Lease asset Property, equipment and other assets Financing obligations Other Total deferred income tax liabilities Deferred income tax assets, net 2020 2019 $ $ 476 772 466 448 56 2,218 (593) 1,625 (460) (237) (400) (198) (71) (44) (1,410) 215 $ $ 481 766 485 394 85 2,211 (547) 1,664 (251) (393) (422) (153) (72) — (1,291) 373 In addition to the amounts reflected in the table above, included in “Assets of discontinued operations” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are net deferred income tax assets of $93 million and $76 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, we had federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $29 million and net operating loss carryforwards for federal, state and local, and foreign jurisdictions of approximately $2.06 billion, the majority of which expire in various years from 2021 through 2040. The 2020 and 2019 deferred income tax assets were reduced by a valuation allowance of $593 million and $547 million, respectively, principally relating to income tax benefits from capital losses and net operating losses in foreign jurisdictions which are not expected to be realized. In March 2020, the U.S. government enacted tax legislation containing provisions to support businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic (the “CARES Act”), including deferment of the employer portion of certain payroll taxes, refundable payroll tax credits, and technical amendments to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for 2020. We do not expect the future impact of the CARES Act provisions to be material. In December 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Reform Act which contained significant changes to U.S. federal tax law, including a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and a one-time transition tax on cumulative foreign earnings and profits. During 2017, we recorded a provisional charge associated with the estimated transition tax on cumulative foreign earnings and profits. We completed our analysis of this transition tax in 2018 and as a result, recorded a charge of $48 million in 2018 to adjust the provisional amount. In January 2019, the U.S. government issued guidance relating to the transition tax, which resulted in a decrease of $146 II-98 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) million to our reserve for uncertain tax positions during 2019 for amounts paid as a result of this guidance; however, it did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Tax Reform Act includes a deduction for foreign derived intangible income and a tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), which imposes a U.S. tax on certain income earned by our foreign subsidiaries. We elected to treat the tax on GILTI as a period cost when incurred and therefore, the tax on GILTI is included in our tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Generally, the future remittance of foreign undistributed earnings will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes under the provisions of the Tax Reform Act and as a result, for substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries, we do not intend to assert indefinite reinvestment of both cash held outside of the U.S. and future cash earnings. However, a future repatriation of cash could be subject to state and local income taxes, foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes. Accordingly, we recorded deferred income tax liabilities associated with future repatriations, which were not material to the consolidated financial statements. Additional income taxes have not been provided for outside basis differences inherent in these entities, which could be recognized upon sale or other transaction, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely invested in foreign operations. The determination of the U.S. federal deferred income tax liability for such outside basis difference is not practicable. The following table sets forth the change in the reserve for uncertain tax positions, excluding related accrued interest and penalties. At January 1, 2018 Additions for current year tax positions Additions for prior year tax positions Reductions for prior year tax positions Cash settlements Statute of limitations lapses At December 31, 2018 Additions for current year tax positions Additions for prior year tax positions Reductions for prior year tax positions Cash settlements Statute of limitations lapses At December 31, 2019 Additions for current year tax positions Additions for prior year tax positions Reductions for prior year tax positions Cash settlements Statute of limitations lapses Reclassification to deferred income tax liability At December 31, 2020 $ $ 300 27 204 (60) (19) (6) 446 49 67 (26) (149) (3) 384 15 18 (34) (2) (9) (64) 308 The reserve for uncertain tax positions of $308 million at December 31, 2020 includes $281 million which would affect our effective income tax rate, including discontinued operations, if and when recognized in future years. We recognize interest and penalty charges related to the reserve for uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. We recognized interest and penalties of $16 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and $24 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of II-99 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) December 31, 2020 and 2019, we have recorded liabilities for accrued interest and penalties of $57 million and $51 million, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ViacomCBS and its subsidiaries file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and various state and international jurisdictions. For periods prior to the Merger, Viacom and CBS filed separate tax returns. For CBS, the IRS commenced its examination of the 2017 tax year during the fourth quarter of 2019 and commenced its examination of the 2018 tax year in February 2020. For Viacom, the IRS began its examination of the 2014 and 2015 tax years in April 2017. Various tax years are also currently under examination by state and local and foreign tax authorities. With respect to open tax years in all jurisdictions, we currently believe that it is reasonably possible that the reserve for uncertain tax positions may decrease by $50 million within the next 12 months primarily related to potential resolutions of matters involving multiple tax periods and jurisdictions; however, it is difficult to predict the final outcome or timing of resolution of any particular tax matter and events could cause our current expectation to change in the future. 17) PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS ViacomCBS and certain of its subsidiaries sponsor qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans, principally non-contributory, covering eligible employees. Our pension plans consist of both funded and unfunded plans. The majority of participants in these plans are retired employees or former employees of previously divested businesses. In November 2020, our remaining defined benefit pension plans subject to benefit accruals, which were sponsored by CBS prior to the merger, were amended to freeze future benefit accruals and benefits were enhanced under defined contribution plans that were previously sponsored by CBS, both of which are effective January 1, 2021. As a result of the pension plan amendments, a curtailment gain of $79 million associated with the elimination of benefit accruals for future services of the impacted employees, is reflected in unrecognized actuarial loss included within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The benefits for some plans are based primarily on an employee’s years of service and average pay near retirement. Benefits under other plans are based primarily on an employee’s pay for each year that the employee participated in the plan. We fund our pension plans in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and other applicable rules and regulations. Plan assets consist principally of corporate bonds, equity securities, common collective trust funds and U.S. government securities. ViacomCBS Common Stock represented approximately 1.8% and 2.1% of the fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, ViacomCBS sponsors health and welfare plans that provide postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees and their covered dependents. Eligibility is based in part on certain age and service requirements at the time of their retirement. Most of the plans are contributory and contain cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance which are adjusted annually, as well as caps on the annual dollar amount we will contribute toward the cost of coverage. Claims and premiums for which we are responsible are paid with our own funds. The pension plan disclosures herein include information related to our domestic pension and postretirement benefit plans only, unless otherwise noted. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Consolidated Balance Sheets also include a liability of $77 million and $80 million, respectively, in “Pension and postretirement benefit obligations” relating to our non-U.S. pension plans and certain other retirement severance plans. We use a December 31 measurement date for all pension and other postretirement benefit plans. II-100 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following table sets forth the change in benefit obligation for our pension and postretirement benefit plans. Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation, beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial loss (gain) Curtailment gain Benefits paid Participants’ contributions Retiree Medicare drug subsidy Benefit obligation, end of year Pension Benefits 2020 2019 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2020 $ $ 4,963 30 164 408 (79) (324) — — 5,162 $ $ 4,511 28 191 593 — (360) — — 4,963 $ $ 360 2 11 (8) — (58) 12 3 322 $ $ 376 1 16 8 — (59) 13 5 360 The actuarial loss of $408 million, included in the change in benefit obligation for pension benefits in 2020, is primarily the result of a 60 basis point decrease in the discount rate from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The following table sets forth the change in plan assets for our pension and postretirement benefit plans. Change in plan assets: Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year Actual return on plan assets Employer contributions Benefits paid Participants’ contributions Retiree Medicare drug subsidy Fair value of plan assets, end of year Pension Benefits 2020 2019 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2020 $ $ 3,176 429 66 (324) — — 3,347 $ $ 2,932 530 74 (360) — — 3,176 $ $ — — 43 (58) 12 3 — $ $ 1 (1) 41 (59) 13 5 — The funded status of pension and postretirement benefit obligations and the related amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows: At December 31, Funded status at end of year Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets: Other assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net amounts recognized Pension Benefits 2020 (1,815) 7 (85) (1,737) (1,815) $ $ $ 2019 (1,787) 5 (69) (1,723) (1,787) $ $ $ $ $ $ Postretirement Benefits 2019 2020 (322) — (38) (284) (322) $ $ $ (360) — (42) (318) (360) Our qualified pension plans were underfunded by $712 million and $734 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. II-101 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) The following amounts were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, Net actuarial (loss) gain Net prior service cost Share of equity investee Deferred income taxes Net amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Pension Benefits 2020 2019 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2020 $ $ (2,144) (1) (2) (2,147) 560 $ (2,153) (3) (2) (2,158) 563 $ 140 — — 140 (13) $ (1,587) $ (1,595) $ 127 $ 147 (1) — 146 (14) 132 The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $5.16 billion and $4.87 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Information for the pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is set forth below. At December 31, Projected benefit obligation Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets 2020 2019 $ $ $ 5,161 5,161 3,340 $ $ $ 4,962 4,873 3,170 The following tables present the components of net periodic benefit cost and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Year Ended December 31, Components of net periodic cost: Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of actuarial losses (gains) Amortization of prior service cost Net periodic cost (a) Pension Benefits 2019 2018 2020 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2020 $ $ 30 164 (194) 103 2 105 $ $ 28 191 (183) 94 1 131 $ $ 30 180 (214) 87 1 84 $ $ 2 11 — (15) 1 (1) $ $ 1 16 — (18) 1 — $ $ 1 17 — (18) 1 1 (a) Includes amounts reflected in net earnings from discontinued operations of $5 million for 2020, $6 million for 2019 and $3 million for 2018. The service cost component of net periodic cost is presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within operating income. All other components of net periodic cost are presented below operating income, in “Other items, net.” II-102 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, Other comprehensive income (loss): Actuarial (loss) gain Curtailment gain Amortization of actuarial losses (gains) Amortization of prior service cost Deferred income taxes Recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic costs for the year ended December 31: Discount rate Expected long-term return on plan assets Cash balance interest crediting rate Rate of compensation increase N/A - not applicable Pension Benefits 2019 2018 2020 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2020 $ (173) 79 103 2 11 (3) $ (246) — 94 1 (151) 37 $ (179) — 87 1 (91) 25 $ $ $ 8 — (15) 1 (6) 1 (9) — (18) 1 (26) 5 8 — (18) 1 (9) 2 $ 8 $ (114) $ (66) $ (5) $ (21) $ (7) Pension Benefits 2019 2018 2020 Postretirement Benefits 2019 2018 2020 2.9 % — % 3.4 % 6.4 % 5.0 % 3.0 % 3.5 % 3.0 % 4.5 % 6.6 % 5.0 % 3.0 % 4.5 % 3.0 % 3.8 % 6.6 % 5.0 % 3.0 % 2.6 % N/A 3.3 % N/A N/A N/A 3.3 % N/A 4.4 % N/A N/A N/A 4.4 % N/A 3.9 % 2.0 % N/A N/A The discount rates are determined primarily based on the yield of a portfolio of high quality bonds, providing cash flows necessary to meet the pension plans’ expected future benefit payments, as determined for the projected benefit obligations. The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets. The following additional assumptions were used in accounting for postretirement benefits. Projected health care cost trend rate (pre-65) Projected health care cost trend rate (post-65) Ultimate trend rate Year ultimate trend rate is achieved Plan Assets CBS Viacom 2020 2019 2020 2019 6.6 % 6.6 % 5.0 % 2025 7.0 % 7.0 % 5.0 % 2025 6.6 % 6.6 % 5.0 % 2025 6.3 % 5.7 % 4.5 % 2026 Prior to the Merger, the investments committees of Viacom and CBS determined the strategies for the investment of pension plan assets. These committees established target asset allocations for our pension plan trusts based upon an analysis of the timing and amount of projected benefit payments, projected company contributions, the expected returns and risk of the asset classes and the correlation of those returns. The target asset allocation for II-103 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) CBS’s domestic pension plans is to invest between 70% - 80% in long duration fixed income investments, 16% - 28% in equity securities and the remainder in cash and other investments. At December 31, 2020, this trust was invested approximately 73% in long duration fixed income securities, 25% in equity investments, and the remainder in cash, cash equivalents and other investments. Long duration fixed income investments consist of a diversified portfolio of fixed income instruments that are substantially investment grade, with a duration that approximates the duration of the liabilities covered by the trust. All equity portfolios are diversified between U.S. and non-U.S. equities and include large and small capitalization equities. The asset allocations are reviewed regularly. The target asset allocation for Viacom’s domestic pension plans is to invest 70% - 90% in return-seeking investments, 10% - 30% in liability hedging and 0% - 10% in cash and cash equivalents. Return-seeking investments consist of diversified equity and credit funds and liability hedging investments consist of U.S. treasury rate funds. At December 31, 2020, the Viacom Pension Plan was invested 78% in return seeking, 21% in liability hedging and 1% in cash and cash equivalents. The following tables set forth our pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and 2019. These assets have been categorized according to the three-level fair value hierarchy established by the FASB which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Level 1 is based on quoted prices for the asset in active markets. Level 2 is based on inputs that are observable other than quoted market prices in active markets, such as quoted prices for the asset in inactive markets or quoted prices for similar assets. Level 3 is based on unobservable inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset. There are no investments categorized as Level 3. (a) At December 31, 2020 Cash and cash equivalents Fixed income securities: U.S. treasury securities Government-related securities Corporate bonds Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities (b) Equity securities: U.S. large capitalization U.S. small capitalization Other Total assets in fair value hierarchy Common collective funds measured at net asset value Limited partnerships measured at net asset value Mutual funds measured at net asset value Investments, at fair value (c) (c) (c) (d) Level 1 Level 2 Total $ $ 8 78 — — — 82 79 — 247 $ — $ 8 — 167 1,634 56 — — 30 1,887 $ 78 167 1,634 56 82 79 30 2,134 1,149 18 46 3,347 $ $ II-104 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) (a) At December 31, 2019 Cash and cash equivalents Fixed income securities: U.S. treasury securities Government-related securities Corporate bonds Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities (b) Equity securities: U.S. large capitalization U.S. small capitalization Other Total assets in fair value hierarchy Common collective funds measured at net asset value Limited partnerships measured at net asset value Mutual funds measured at net asset value Investments, at fair value (c) (c) (c) (d) Level 1 Level 2 Total $ $ 1 83 — — — 113 40 — 237 $ 34 $ 35 — 171 1,562 98 — — 25 1,890 $ 83 171 1,562 98 113 40 25 2,127 978 23 48 3,176 $ $ (a) Assets categorized as Level 2 reflect investments in money market funds. (b) Securities of diverse sectors and industries, substantially all investment grade. (c) In accordance with FASB guidance investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. (d) Underlying investments consist mainly of U.S. large capitalization and international equity securities. Money market investments are carried at amortized cost which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments. Investments in equity securities are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices on national security exchanges. The fair value of investments in common collective funds and mutual funds are determined using the net asset value (“NAV”) provided by the administrator of the fund as a practical expedient. The NAV is determined by each fund’s trustee based upon the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, less liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding units. The fair value of U.S. treasury securities is determined based on quoted market prices in active markets. The fair value of government related securities and corporate bonds is determined based on quoted market prices on national security exchanges, when available, or using valuation models which incorporate certain other observable inputs including recent trading activity for comparable securities and broker quoted prices. The fair value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities is based upon valuation models which incorporate available dealer quotes, projected cash flows and market information. The fair value of limited partnerships has been estimated using the NAV of the ownership interest. The NAV is determined using quarterly financial statements issued by the partnership which determine the value based on the fair value of the underlying investments. Future Benefit Payments Estimated future benefit payments are as follows: Pension Postretirement Retiree Medicare drug subsidy 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026-2030 $ $ $ 464 39 5 $ $ $ 311 36 5 $ $ $ 305 34 4 $ $ $ 305 31 4 $ $ $ 305 28 4 $ $ $ 1,450 106 18 In 2021, we expect to make contributions of approximately $15 million to our qualified pension plans for minimum funding requirements under ERISA and $86 million to our non-qualified pension plans to satisfy II-105 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) benefit payments due under these plans. Also in 2021, we expect to contribute approximately $39 million to our other postretirement benefit plans to satisfy our portion of benefit payments due under these plans. Multiemployer Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees including talent, writers, directors, producers and other employees, primarily in the entertainment industry. The other employers participating in these multiemployer plans are primarily in the entertainment and other related industries. The risks of participating in multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans as assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and if a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers. In addition, if we choose to stop participating in some of its multiemployer plans we may be required to pay those plans a withdrawal liability based on the underfunded status of the plan. The financial health of a multiemployer plan is indicated by the zone status, as defined by the Pension Protection Act of 2006. Plans in the red zone are in critical status; those in the yellow zone are in endangered status; and those in the green zone are neither critical nor endangered. The table below presents information concerning our participation in multiemployer defined benefit pension plans. Pension Plan (b) AFTRA Retirement Plan Directors Guild of America - Producer Producer-Writers Guild of America Screen Actors Guild - Producers Motion Picture Industry I.A.T.S.E. Local No. 33 Pension Trust Fund Other Plans (e) Employer Identification Number/Pension Plan Number 13-6414972-001 95-2892780-001 95-2216351-001 95-2110997-001 95-1810805-001 95-6377503-001 Pension Protection Act (a) Zone Status 2020 Green Green Green Green Green Green 2019 Green Green Green Green Green Green $ Total contributions $ Company Contributions 2019 2020 2018 13 $ 16 22 24 35 3 7 120 $ 12 $ 19 26 43 43 5 16 164 $ 11 15 25 36 42 10 12 151 Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement (c) 6/30/2020 5/1/2020 6/30/2020 (d) 12/31/2022 (a) The Zone status for each individual plan listed was certified by each plan’s actuary as of the beginning of the plan years for 2020 and 2019. The plan year is the twelve months ending December 31 for each plan listed above except AFTRA Retirement Plan which has a plan year ending November 30. (b) The Company was listed in AFTRA Retirement Plan’s Form 5500 as providing more than 5% of total contributions for the plan year ended November 30, 2019. (c) The expiration dates range from June 30, 2020 through June 30, 2021. (d) The expiration dates range from May 15, 2021 through March 2, 2022. (e) The Company was listed in I.A.T.S.E. Local No. 33 Pension Trust Fund’s Form 5500 as providing more than 5% of total contributions for the plan year ended December 31, 2019. As a result of the above noted zone status there were no funding improvements or rehabilitation plans implemented, as defined by ERISA, nor any surcharges imposed for any of the individual plans listed. We also contribute to multiemployer plans that provide postretirement healthcare and other benefits to certain employees under collective bargaining agreements. The contributions to these plans were $95 million, $89 million and $74 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. II-106 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) We recognize the net periodic cost for multiemployer pension and postretirement benefit plans based on the required contributions to the plans. Defined Contribution Plans We sponsor defined contribution plans for the benefit of substantially all employees meeting eligibility requirements. Employer contributions to such plans were $91 million, $95 million and $87 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 18) REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST We are subject to a redeemable put option, payable in a foreign currency, with respect to an international subsidiary. The put option expires in December 2022 and is classified as “Redeemable noncontrolling interest” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The activity reflected within redeemable noncontrolling interest for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is presented below. Year Ended December 31, Beginning balance Net earnings Distributions Translation adjustment Redemption value adjustment Ending balance 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 254 11 (15) 7 (60) 197 $ $ 239 14 (16) 8 9 254 $ $ 249 18 (15) (14) 1 239 19) SEGMENT AND REVENUE INFORMATION The following tables set forth our financial performance by reportable segment. Our operating segments, which are the same as our reportable segments, have been determined in accordance with our internal management structure, which is organized based upon products and services. On November 25, 2020, we entered into an agreement to sell Simon & Schuster to Penguin Random House. As a result, Simon & Schuster, which was previously reported as the Publishing segment, has been presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements. Prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this presentation. See Note 3. II-107 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, Revenues: Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Other TV Entertainment Advertising Affiliate Content licensing Cable Networks Theatrical Home Entertainment Licensing Other Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Total Revenues 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 5,035 3,129 2,369 167 10,700 4,743 6,037 1,809 12,589 180 709 1,598 75 2,562 (566) 25,285 $ $ 6,008 2,550 3,157 209 11,924 5,129 6,052 1,268 12,449 547 623 1,709 111 2,990 (365) 26,998 $ $ 5,751 2,082 3,006 222 11,061 5,130 6,294 1,259 12,683 744 617 1,493 102 2,956 (275) 26,425 Revenues generated between segments primarily reflect advertising and content licensing. These transactions are recorded at market value as if the sales were to third parties and are eliminated in consolidation. Year Ended December 31, Intercompany Revenues: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Total Intercompany Revenues 2020 2019 2018 $ $ 285 79 202 566 $ $ 226 53 117 396 $ $ 164 47 95 306 II-108 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) We present operating income (loss) excluding depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, costs for restructuring and other corporate matters, programming charges and gain on sales, each where applicable (“Adjusted OIBDA”), as the primary measure of profit and loss for our operating segments in accordance with FASB guidance for segment reporting. We believe the presentation of Adjusted OIBDA is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view segment performance in a manner similar to the primary method used by our management and enhances their ability to understand our operating performance. Stock-based compensation is excluded from our segment measure of profit and loss because it is set and approved by our Board of Directors in consultation with corporate executive management. Year Ended December 31, Adjusted OIBDA: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Stock-based compensation Depreciation and amortization Restructuring and other corporate matters Programming charges Gain on sales Operating income Interest expense Interest income Net gain (losses) from investments Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt Other items, net Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of investee companies (Provision) benefit for income taxes Equity in loss of investee companies, net of tax Net earnings from continuing operations Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Year Ended December 31, Depreciation and Amortization: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Depreciation and Amortization 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ 1,857 3,746 215 (500) (186) (430) (618) (159) 214 4,139 (1,031) 60 206 (126) (101) 3,147 (535) (28) 2,584 117 2,701 (279) 2,422 2020 162 205 36 27 430 $ $ $ $ 2,443 3,515 80 (449) (196) (438) (769) (589) 549 4,146 (962) 66 85 — (112) 3,223 29 (53) 3,199 140 3,339 (31) 3,308 2019 150 219 37 32 438 $ $ $ $ 2,466 4,341 (33) (433) (201) (427) (489) (162) — 5,062 (1,030) 79 (53) 18 (92) 3,984 (580) (47) 3,357 135 3,492 (37) 3,455 2018 160 194 38 35 427 II-109 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, Capital Expenditures: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate Total Capital Expenditures At December 31, Assets: TV Entertainment Cable Networks Filmed Entertainment Corporate/Eliminations Discontinued Operations Total Assets Year Ended December 31, Revenues: (a) United States International Total Revenues (a) Revenue classifications are based on customers’ locations. At December 31, Long-lived Assets: (a) United States International Total Long-lived Assets 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ 112 110 37 65 324 2020 20,690 4,595 25,285 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 113 166 43 23 345 2020 19,443 23,139 6,440 2,202 1,439 52,663 2019 21,449 5,549 26,998 2020 13,435 785 14,220 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 112 156 52 25 345 2019 19,689 22,109 5,477 969 1,341 49,585 2018 20,442 5,983 26,425 2019 12,417 498 12,915 (a) Reflects total assets less current assets, investments, goodwill, intangible assets, noncurrent receivables and noncurrent deferred tax assets. 20) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments Our commitments not recorded on the balance sheet primarily consist of programming and talent commitments and purchase obligations for goods and services resulting from our normal course of business. Our programming and talent commitments, estimated to aggregate $9.85 billion as of December 31, 2020, include $5.98 billion for sports programming rights and $3.87 billion relating to the production and licensing of television and film programming, including talent contracts. We also have committed purchase obligations which include agreements to purchase goods or services in the future that totaled $1.38 billion as of December 31, 2020. Other long-term contractual obligations recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include program liabilities, participations, residuals, and a tax liability resulting from the enactment of the Tax Reform Act in December 2017. This tax liability reflects the remaining tax on the Company’s historical accumulated foreign earnings and profits, which is payable to the IRS in 2024 and 2025. II-110 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) At December 31, 2020, commitments for programming and talent and purchase obligations not recorded on the balance sheet, and other long- term contractual obligations recorded on the balance sheet were payable as follows: Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Programming and talent commitments Purchase obligations On-Balance Sheet Arrangements Other long-term contractual obligations $ $ $ Total 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 and Thereafter Payments Due by Period 9,852 $ 1,377 $ 2,625 $ 501 $ 3,005 $ 396 $ 1,264 $ 218 $ 731 $ 131 $ 493 $ 70 $ 1,734 61 1,734 $ — $ 879 $ 382 $ 250 $ 190 $ 33 We also have long-term operating and finance lease commitments for office space, equipment, transponders and studio facilities, which are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020. See Note 11 for details of our operating and finance lease commitments. Guarantees Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds. We have indemnification obligations with respect to letters of credit and surety bonds primarily used as security against non-performance in the normal course of business. At December 31, 2020, the outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds approximated $144 million and were not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. CBS Television City. In connection with the sale of CBS Television City in 2019, we guaranteed a specified level of cash flows to be generated by the business during the first five years following the completion of the sale. Included in “Other current liabilities” and “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020 is a liability of $100 million, reflecting the present value of the remaining estimated amount payable under the guarantee obligation. Lease Guarantees. We have certain indemnification obligations with respect to leases primarily associated with the previously discontinued operations of Famous Players. These lease commitments amounted to $67 million as of December 31, 2020, and are presented within “Other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amount of lease commitments varies over time depending on expiration or termination of individual underlying leases, or the related indemnification obligation, and foreign exchange rates, among other things. We may also have exposure for certain other expenses related to the leases, such as property taxes and common area maintenance. We believe our accrual is sufficient to meet any future obligations based on our consideration of available financial information, the lessees’ historical performance in meeting their lease obligations and the underlying economic factors impacting the lessees’ business models. In the course of our business, we both provide and receive indemnities which are intended to allocate certain risks associated with business transactions. Similarly, we may remain contingently liable for various obligations of a business that has been divested in the event that a third party does not live up to its obligations under an indemnification obligation. We record a liability for our indemnification obligations and other contingent liabilities when probable and reasonably estimable. II-111 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Legal Matters General On an ongoing basis, we vigorously defend ourselves in numerous lawsuits and proceedings and respond to various investigations and inquiries from federal, state, local and international authorities (collectively, “litigation’’). Litigation may be brought against us without merit, is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. However, based on our understanding and evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances, we believe that the following matters are not likely, in the aggregate, to result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Litigation Relating to the Merger Beginning on February 20, 2020, three purported CBS stockholders filed separate derivative and/or putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On March 31, 2020, the Court consolidated the three lawsuits and appointed Bucks County Employees’ Retirement Fund and International Union of Operating Engineers of Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware as co-lead plaintiffs for the consolidated action. On April 14, 2020, the lead plaintiffs filed a Verified Consolidated Class Action and Derivative Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against Shari E. Redstone, NAI, Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust, members of the CBS Board of Directors (comprised of Candace K. Beinecke, Barbara M. Byrne, Gary L. Countryman, Brian Goldner, Linda M. Griego, Robert N. Klieger, Martha L. Minow, Susan Schuman, Frederick O. Terrell and Strauss Zelnick), former CBS President and Acting Chief Executive Officer Joseph Ianniello and nominal defendant ViacomCBS Inc. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to CBS stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 13, 2019, as amended on October 16, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Complaint also alleges waste and unjust enrichment in connection with Mr. Ianniello’s compensation. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On June 5, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On January 27, 2021, the Court dismissed one disclosure claim, while allowing all other claims against the defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims will now proceed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Beginning on November 25, 2019, four purported Viacom stockholders filed separate putative class action lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On January 23, 2020, the Court consolidated the four lawsuits. On February 6, 2020, the Court appointed California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”) as lead plaintiff for the consolidated action. On February 28, 2020, CalPERS, together with Park Employees’ and Retirement Board Employees’ Annuity and Benefit Fund of Chicago and Louis M. Wilen, filed a First Amended Verified Class Action Complaint (as used in this paragraph, the “Complaint”) against NAI, NAI Entertainment Holdings LLC, Shari E. Redstone, the members of the Viacom special transaction committee of the Viacom Board of Directors (comprised of Thomas J. May, Judith A. McHale, Ronald L. Nelson and Nicole Seligman) and our President and Chief Executive Officer and director, Robert M. Bakish. The Complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties to Viacom stockholders in connection with the negotiation and approval of the Merger Agreement. The Complaint seeks unspecified damages, costs and expenses, as well as other relief. On May 22, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On December 29, 2020, the Court dismissed the claims against Mr. Bakish, while allowing the claims against the remaining defendants to proceed. Discovery on the surviving claims will now proceed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. II-112 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Investigation-Related Matters As announced on August 1, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors retained two law firms to conduct a full investigation of the allegations in press reports about CBS’ former Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, Leslie Moonves, CBS News and cultural issues at CBS. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced the completion of its investigation, certain findings of the investigation and the CBS Board of Directors’ determination, discussed below, with respect to the termination of Mr. Moonves’ employment. We have received subpoenas from the New York County District Attorney’s Office and the New York City Commission on Human Rights regarding the subject matter of this investigation and related matters. The New York State Attorney General’s Office and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission have also requested information about these matters, including with respect to CBS’ related public disclosures. We may continue to receive additional related regulatory and investigative inquiries from these and other entities in the future. We are cooperating with these inquiries. On August 27, 2018 and on October 1, 2018, Gene Samit and John Lantz, respectively, filed putative class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, individually and on behalf of others similarly situated, for claims that are similar to those alleged in the amended complaint described below. On November 6, 2018, the Court entered an order consolidating the two actions. On November 30, 2018, the Court appointed Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California as the lead plaintiff of the consolidated action. On February 11, 2019, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended putative class action complaint against CBS, certain current and former senior executives and members of the CBS Board of Directors. The consolidated action is stated to be on behalf of purchasers of CBS Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock between September 26, 2016 and December 4, 2018. This action seeks to recover damages arising during this time period allegedly caused by the defendants’ purported violations of the federal securities laws, including by allegedly making materially false and misleading statements or failing to disclose material information, and seeks costs and expenses as well as remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. On April 12, 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss this action, which the Court granted in part and denied in part on January 15, 2020. With the exception of one statement made by Mr. Moonves at an industry event in November 2017, in which he allegedly was acting as the agent of CBS, all claims as to all other allegedly false and misleading statements were dismissed. We believe that the remaining claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Separation Agreement On September 9, 2018, CBS entered into a separation and settlement agreement and releases (the “Separation Agreement”) with Mr. Moonves, pursuant to which Mr. Moonves resigned as a director and as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of CBS. In October 2018, we contributed $120 million to a grantor trust pursuant to the Separation Agreement. On December 17, 2018, the CBS Board of Directors announced that, following its consideration of the findings of the investigation referred to above, it had determined that there were grounds to terminate Mr. Moonves’ employment for cause under his employment agreement with CBS. Any dispute related to the CBS Board of Directors’ determination is subject to binding arbitration as set forth in the Separation Agreement. On January 16, 2019, Mr. Moonves commenced a binding arbitration proceeding with respect to this matter and the related CBS Board of Directors investigation, which proceeding is ongoing. The assets of the grantor trust will remain in the trust until a final determination in the arbitration. We are currently unable to determine the outcome of the arbitration and the amount, if any, that may be awarded thereunder. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. II-113 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) Litigation Related to Television Station Owners On September 9, 2019, the Company was added as a defendant in a multi-district putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The lawsuit was filed by parties that claim to have purchased broadcast television spot advertising beginning on or about January 1, 2014 on television stations owned by one or more of the defendant television station owners and alleges the sharing of allegedly competitively sensitive information among such television stations in alleged violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The action, which names the Company among fourteen total defendants, seeks monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest as well as injunctions against the allegedly unlawful conduct. On October 8, 2019, the Company and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the matter, which was denied by the court on November 6, 2020. We believe that the claims are without merit and we intend to defend against them vigorously. We are currently unable to determine a range of potential liability, if any. Accordingly, no accrual for this matter has been made in our consolidated financial statements. Claims Related to Former Businesses: Asbestos We are a defendant in lawsuits claiming various personal injuries related to asbestos and other materials, which allegedly occurred as a result of exposure caused by various products manufactured by Westinghouse, a predecessor, generally prior to the early 1970s. Westinghouse was neither a producer nor a manufacturer of asbestos. We are typically named as one of a large number of defendants in both state and federal cases. In the majority of asbestos lawsuits, the plaintiffs have not identified which of our products is the basis of a claim. Claims against us in which a product has been identified most commonly relate to allegations of exposure to asbestos-containing insulating material used in conjunction with turbines and electrical equipment. Claims are frequently filed and/or settled in groups, which may make the amount and timing of settlements, and the number of pending claims, subject to significant fluctuation from period to period. We do not report as pending those claims on inactive, stayed, deferred or similar dockets that some jurisdictions have established for claimants who allege minimal or no impairment. As of December 31, 2020, we had pending approximately 30,710 asbestos claims, as compared with approximately 30,950 as of December 31, 2019 and 31,570 as of December 31, 2018. During 2020, we received approximately 2,910 new claims and closed or moved to an inactive docket approximately 3,150 claims. We report claims as closed when we become aware that a dismissal order has been entered by a court or when we have reached agreement with the claimants on the material terms of a settlement. Settlement costs depend on the seriousness of the injuries that form the basis of the claims, the quality of evidence supporting the claims and other factors. Our total costs for the years 2020 and 2019 for settlement and defense of asbestos claims after insurance recoveries and net of tax were approximately $35 million and $58 million, respectively. Our costs for settlement and defense of asbestos claims may vary year to year and insurance proceeds are not always recovered in the same period as the insured portion of the expenses. Filings include claims for individuals suffering from mesothelioma, a rare cancer, the risk of which is allegedly increased by exposure to asbestos; lung cancer, a cancer which may be caused by various factors, one of which is alleged to be asbestos exposure; other cancers, and conditions that are substantially less serious, including claims brought on behalf of individuals who are asymptomatic as to an allegedly asbestos-related disease. The predominant number of pending claims against us are non-cancer claims. It is difficult to predict future asbestos liabilities, as events and circumstances may impact the estimate of our asbestos liabilities, including, among others, the number and types of claims and average cost to resolve such claims. We record an accrual for a loss contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We believe that our accrual and insurance are sufficient to cover our asbestos liabilities. Our liability estimate is based upon many factors, including the number of outstanding claims, estimated average cost per claim, the breakdown of claims by disease type, historic claim filings, costs per claim of resolution and II-114 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) the filing of new claims, as well as consultation with a third party firm on trends that may impact our future asbestos liability. Other From time to time we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and other entities asserting that we are or may be liable for environmental cleanup costs and related damages principally relating to our historical and predecessor operations. In addition, from time to time we receive personal injury claims including toxic tort and product liability claims (other than asbestos) arising from our historical operations and predecessors. 21) SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION The following table presents the components of Other items, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Year Ended December 31, Pension and postretirement benefit costs Foreign exchange losses Other Other items, net Supplemental Cash Flow Information Year Ended December 31, Cash paid for interest Cash paid for income taxes: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Total cash paid for income taxes Variable Interest Entities 2020 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ $ (69) (35) 3 (101) 2020 965 411 55 466 $ $ $ $ $ (99) (18) 5 (112) 2019 922 560 38 598 $ $ $ $ $ (65) (19) (8) (92) 2018 1,012 153 4 157 In the normal course of business, we enter into joint ventures or make investments with business partners that support our underlying business strategy and provide us the ability to enter new markets to expand the reach of our brands, develop new programming and/or distribute our existing content. In certain instances, an entity in which we make an investment may qualify as a VIE. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we assess whether we have the power to direct matters that most significantly impact the activities of the VIE and have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities related to consolidated VIEs totaling $1.39 billion and $197 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020, and $141 million and $22 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019. Revenues and operating income from our consolidated VIEs were $705 million and $498 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenues and operating income from our consolidated VIEs were not significant for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in amounts related to our consolidated VIEs reflects the acquisition of Miramax (see Note 2) and the licensing of the streaming rights to South Park by a consolidated 51%-owned VIE in the second quarter of 2020. II-115 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 22) QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited): 2020 (a) (b) Revenues Operating income Net earnings from continuing operations (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Basic net earnings per common shares Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted net earnings per common share: Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings attributable to ViacomCBS Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted First Quarter Second Quarter (c) Third Quarter (d) Fourth Quarter (e) Total Year $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,499 902 504 519 501 516 .82 .84 .81 .84 614 616 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,075 1,251 698 726 453 481 .74 .78 .73 .78 615 617 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5,837 903 580 627 568 615 .92 1.00 .92 1.00 616 618 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,874 1,083 802 829 783 810 1.27 1.31 1.26 1.31 617 620 25,285 4,139 2,584 2,701 2,305 2,422 3.74 3.93 3.73 3.92 616 618 (a) Publishing has been presented as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. (b) Includes costs for restructuring and other corporate matters of $231 million in the first quarter, $158 million in the second quarter, $52 million in the third quarter and $177 million in the fourth quarter. (c) The second quarter includes programming charges of $121 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from production shutdowns related to COVID-19; a loss on extinguishment of debt of $103 million; and an increase of $32 million to the carrying value of our investment in fuboTV. (d) The third quarter includes a loss on extinguishment of debt of $23 million and discrete tax benefits of $117 million, primarily from the remeasurement of our U.K. net deferred income tax asset as a result of an increase in the U.K. corporate income tax rate from 17% to 19% enacted during the quarter. (e) The fourth quarter includes a gain of $214 million ($183 million, net of tax) on the sale of CMG; programming charges of $38 million primarily related to the abandonment of certain incomplete programs resulting from COVID-19 related production shutdowns; and net gains from investments of $174 million, which primarily includes an increase in the fair value of our investment in fuboTV, which was sold during the quarter. II-116 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) (Tabular dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2019 (a) (b) Revenues Operating income (loss) Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings (loss) (ViacomCBS and noncontrolling interests) Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings (loss) attributable to ViacomCBS Basic net earnings (loss) per common share: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings (loss) attributable to ViacomCBS Diluted net earnings (loss) per common share: Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to ViacomCBS Net earnings (loss) attributable to ViacomCBS Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted First Quarter (c) Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter (d) Total Year $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,936 1,792 1,944 1,964 1,939 1,959 3.16 3.20 3.14 3.18 613 617 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,925 1,414 953 983 947 977 1.54 1.59 1.53 1.58 615 617 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6,481 984 600 646 584 630 .95 1.02 .95 1.02 615 617 6,656 (44) (298) (254) (302) (258) (.49) (.42) (.49) (.42) 615 615 26,998 4,146 3,199 3,339 3,168 3,308 5.15 5.38 5.13 5.36 615 617 (a) Publishing has been presented as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. (b) Includes costs for restructuring and other corporate matters of $173 million in the first quarter, $7 million in the second quarter, $122 million in the third quarter and $467 million in the fourth quarter. (c) The first quarter includes a gain of $549 million ($386 million, net of tax) on the sale of CBS Television City and a discrete tax benefit of $768 million resulting from the transfer of intangible assets between our subsidiaries in connection with a reorganization of our international operations. (d) The fourth quarter includes programming charges of $589 million. II-117 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act. No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm thereon are set forth in Item 8, on pages II-52 and II-53, of this report. Item 9B. Other Information. AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS On February 22, 2021, our Board of Directors approved an amendment and restatement of our bylaws to eliminate a provision in Section 16 of Article III that provided that any director could be removed from office by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, at any time prior to the expiration of his or her term of office, as provided by law, in the event the director was in breach of any agreement between such director and the Company relating to such director’s service as a director or employee of the Company. The foregoing description of the change is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of our Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit (3)(b) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference herein. II-118 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. PART III The information required by this item with respect to the Company’s directors will be contained in the ViacomCBS Inc. Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) under the headings “ViacomCBS Board of Directors” and “Item 1-Election of Directors,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by this item with respect to the Company’s executive officers is contained in Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption “Information About Our Executive Officers.” Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “ViacomCBS’ Board of Directors,” “Director Compensation,” “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Compensation Committee Report,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Related Person Transactions” and “ViacomCBS’ Board of Directors,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Fees for Services Provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which information is incorporated herein by reference. III-1 PART IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. (a) 1. Financial Statements. The financial statements of ViacomCBS filed as part of this report on Form 10-K are listed on the Index on page II-51. 2. Financial Statement Schedules. The financial statement schedule required to be filed by Item 8 of this Form 10-K is listed on the Index on page II-51. 3. Exhibits. The exhibits listed in Item 15(b) of this Part IV are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K. The Index to Exhibits begins on page E-1. (b) Exhibits. The exhibits listed in Item 15(b) of this Part IV are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K. The Index to Exhibits begins on page E-1. Item 16 Form 10-K Summary. None. IV-1 VIACOMCBS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (Tabular dollars in millions) Col. A Description Allowance for doubtful accounts: Year ended December 31, 2020 Year ended December 31, 2019 Year ended December 31, 2018 Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets: Year ended December 31, 2020 Year ended December 31, 2019 Year ended December 31, 2018 Reserves for inventory obsolescence: Year ended December 31, 2020 Year ended December 31, 2019 Year ended December 31, 2018 Col. B Balance at Beginning of Period Col. C Charged to Expenses and Other Accounts Col. D Col. E Deductions Balance at End of Period $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 32 25 24 67 76 37 3 5 — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 27 26 40 21 367 319 2 2 12 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 85 80 81 593 547 838 58 57 54 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 80 81 97 547 838 1,120 57 54 66 F-1 Effective December 31, 2005, Former Viacom was renamed CBS Corporation. Effective December 4, 2019, Viacom Inc. merged with and into CBS Corporation with CBS Corporation continuing as the surviving company and the combined company changed its name to “ViacomCBS Inc.” INDEX TO EXHIBITS ITEM 15(b) Exhibit No. (2) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (a) (b) (3) (4) (10) Description of Document Plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and between CBS Corporation and Viacom Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed August 19, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 16, 2019, by and between CBS Corporation and Viacom Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation, filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ViacomCBS Inc., effective December 4, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8‑K of CBS Corporation filed December 4, 2019) (File No. 001‑09553). Amended and Restated Bylaws of ViacomCBS Inc., effective as of February 22, 2021 (filed herewith). Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures Description of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of ViacomCBS Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019) (File No. 001‑09553). Amended and Restated Senior Indenture dated as of November 3, 2008 (“2008 Indenture”) among CBS Corporation, CBS Operations Inc., and The Bank of New York Mellon, as senior trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S‑3 of CBS Corporation filed November 3, 2008) (Registration No. 333‑154962) (File No. 001‑09553). First Supplemental Indenture to 2008 Indenture dated as of April 5, 2010 among CBS Corporation, CBS Operations Inc., and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as senior trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Current Report on Form 8‑K of CBS Corporation filed April 5, 2010) (File No. 001‑09553). Indenture, dated as of April 12, 2006, between Viacom Inc. and The Bank of New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Viacom Inc. filed April 17, 2006) (File No. 001- 32686). Twenty-First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 4, 2019, by and among CBS Corporation, Viacom Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation, as trustee (in such capacity, the “Trustee”), to the Indenture, dated as of April 12, 2006, between Viacom Inc. and the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of ViacomCBS Inc. filed December 4, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Indenture, dated as of March 27, 2020, between ViacomCBS Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of ViacomCBS Inc. filed March 27, 2020) (File No. 001‑09553). The other instruments defining the rights of holders of the long‑term debt securities of ViacomCBS Inc. and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S‑K. ViacomCBS Inc. hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. Material Contracts CBS Corporation 2009 Long‑Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated December 11, 2018) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* Forms of Certificate and Terms and Conditions for equity awards under CBS Corporation 2009 Long‑Term Incentive Plan: (i) Stock Options (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c)(ii) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011) (File No. 001‑09553).* Performance‑Based Restricted Share Units with Time Vesting and Performance Vesting (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c)(v) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011) (File No. 001‑09553).* (ii) ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-1 Exhibit No. Description of Document (c) (d) (e) (iii) Restricted Share Units with Time Vesting (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c)(vii) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011) (File No. 001‑09553).* (iv) Performance Share Units (filed herewith).* (v) Restricted Share Units (filed herewith).* CBS Retirement Excess Pension Plan (as amended and restated as of December 31, 2005) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 1 as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010) (File No. 001‑09553) (as amended by Part B, effective as of January 1, 2009, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2012) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 1, effective as of December 31, 2020) (filed herewith).* CBS Excess 401(k) Plan for Designated Senior Executives (as amended and restated as of December 31, 2005) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(p) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005) (File No. 001‑09553) (as amended by Part B as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 1 as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2010) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 2 as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(h) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 1 as of January 1, 2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 3 as of January 1, 2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 2 as of February 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553), (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 4 as of February 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 3 as of January 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 5 as of January 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 4 as of October 2, 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2017) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 6 as of October 2, 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2017) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 5 as of July 1, 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) for the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2019) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 7 as of July 1, 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) for the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2019) (File No. 001- 09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 8, effective as of December 31, 2020) (filed herewith).* CBS Bonus Deferral Plan for Designated Senior Executives (as amended and restated as of December 31, 2005) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(q) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005) (File No. 001‑09553) (as amended by Part B as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 1 as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2010) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 2 as of January 1, 2009) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 1 as of January 1, 2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 3 as of January 1, 2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013) (File No. 001‑09553) (as ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-2 Exhibit No. (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Description of Document Part A was amended by Amendment No. 2 as of January 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 4 as of January 1, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 3 as of October 2, 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2017) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 5 as of October 2, 2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2017) (File No. 001-09553) (as Part A was amended by Amendment No. 4 as of July 1, 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2019) (as Part B was amended by Amendment No. 6 as of July 1, 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended March 31, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Definitive Proxy Statement of Viacom Inc. filed January 23, 2015) (File No. 001-32686).* Forms of Terms and Conditions to the Certificates for equity awards under the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan: (i) Stock Options (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Viacom Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2016) (File No. 001-32686).* (ii) Restricted Share Units (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Viacom Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2016) (File No. 001-32686).* (iii) Performance Share Units (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10- Q of Viacom Inc. for the quarter ended December 31, 2018) (File No. 001-32686).* (iv) Performance Share Units (filed herewith).* (v) Restricted Share Units (filed herewith).* Viacom Excess Pension Plan, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viacom Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (File No. 001-32686), as amended by Amendment, effective as of March 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Transition Report on Form 10-K of Viacom Inc. for the nine-month transition period ended September 30, 2010) (File No. 001-32686).* Viacom Excess 401(k) Plan for Designated Senior Executives, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viacom Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (File No. 001-32686), as amended by Amendments, effective as of April 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Transition Report on Form 10- K of Viacom Inc. for the nine-month transition period ended September 30, 2010) (File No. 001-32686).* Viacom Bonus Deferral Plan for Designated Senior Executives, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viacom Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008) (File No. 001-32686), as amended by Amendment, effective as of December 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Transition Report on Form 10-K of Viacom Inc. for the nine-month transition period ended September 30, 2010) (File No. 001-32686).* Summary of ViacomCBS Inc. Compensation for Outside Directors (as of January 31, 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Current Report on Form 8‑K of CBS Corporation filed September 18, 2009) (File No. 001‑09553).* CBS Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors (as amended and restated as of January 29, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(k) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553).* CBS Corporation 2005 RSU Plan for Outside Directors (as amended and restated through January 29, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(m) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014) (File No. 001-09553).* CBS Corporation 2015 Equity Plan for Outside Directors (effective May 21, 2015) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended June 30, 2015) (File No. 001-09553).* Viacom Inc. 2011 RSU Plan for Outside Directors, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit B to the Definitive Proxy Statement of Viacom Inc. filed January 23, 2015) (File No. 001-32686), as further amended and restated as of May 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report of Viacom Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2016) (File No. 001-32686).* ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-3 Exhibit No. (q) (r) (s) (t) (u) (v) (w) (x) (y) (z) (aa) (bb) (cc) (dd) (ee) (ff) (gg) Description of Document CBS Corporation Senior Executive Retention Plan, including the form of Letter to Participants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of CBS Corporation filed October 17, 2019 (Registration No. 333-234238) (File No. 001-09553).* Viacom Inc. Executive Retention Plan for Section 16 Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333- 234238).* Employment Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Robert M. Bakish (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333-234238).* Letter Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Robert M. Bakish (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333-234238).* Employment Agreement dated October 18, 2018, between CBS Corporation and Christina Spade (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed October 19, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* Employment Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Christina Spade (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of CBS Corporation filed October 17, 2019), as amended by Letter Agreement dated July 23, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ViacomCBS Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2020) (Registration No. 333-234238) (File No. 001-09553).* Employment Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, between Viacom Inc. and Naveen Chopra (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ViacomCBS Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2020) (File No. 333-234238).* Letter Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, between ViacomCBS Inc. and Naveen Chopra (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of ViacomCBS Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2020) (File No. 333-234238).* Employment Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Christa A. D’Alimonte (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333-234238).* Letter Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Christa A. D’Alimonte (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333-234238).* Employment Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and DeDe Lea (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to CBS Corporation’s Registration Statement No. 333-234238 on Form S-4 filed October 17, 2019) (File No. 333-234238).* Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Richard M. Jones (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(r) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* Employment Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Richard M. Jones (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed November 22, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Employment Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Nancy Phillips (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(bb) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Letter Agreement, dated as of December 2, 2019, between Viacom Inc. and Nancy Phillips (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(cc) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Employment Agreement,, dated as of July 1, 2017, between CBS Corporation and Joseph R. Ianniello (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CBS Corporation for the quarter ended September 30, 2017) (File No. 001-09553), as amended by Letter Agreement dated as of September 9, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed September 27, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* Letter Agreement, dated as of April 23, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Joseph R. Ianniello (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed April 26, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-4 Exhibit No. (hh) (ii) (jj) (kk) Description of Document Letter Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Joseph R. Ianniello (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of CBS Corporation filed October 17, 2019 (Registration No. 333-234238) (File No. 001-09553)).* Employment Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2019, between ViacomCBS Inc. and Joseph R. Ianniello (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(gg) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Letter Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2020, between ViacomCBS Inc. and Joseph R. Ianniello (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(hh) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019) (File No. 001-09553).* Plans assumed by Former Viacom after the merger with former CBS Corporation in May 2000, consisting of the following: (i) CBS Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (as amended as of April 1, 1999) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(h) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of CBS for the quarter ended September 30, 1999) (File No. 001‑00977) (as amended by Part B, effective as of January 1, 2009, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2012) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(t)(i) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended, effective as of December 31, 2020) (filed herewith).* (ii) CBS Bonus Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (as amended as of April 1, 1999) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of CBS for the quarter ended September 30, 1999) (File No. 001‑00977) (as amended by Part B, effective as of January 1, 2009, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2012) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(t)(ii) to the Annual Report on Form 10‑K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012) (File No. 001‑09553) (as Part B was amended, effective as of December 31, 2020) (filed herewith).* (iii) CBS Supplemental Employee Investment Fund (as amended as of January 1, 1998) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q of CBS for the quarter ended September 30, 1999) (File No. 001‑00977).* (ll) Matching Gifts Program for Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(aa) to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of CBS Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018) (File No. 001-09553).* (mm) Amended and Restated $3.5 Billion Credit Agreement, dated as of January 23, 2020, among ViacomCBS Inc.; the Subsidiary Borrowers party thereto; the Lenders named therein; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent; Citibank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Syndication Agents; and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Mizuho Bank, Ltd. and Morgan Stanley MUFG Loan Partners, LLC, as Documentation Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of ViacomCBS Inc. filed January 23, 2020) (File No. 001- 09553). (nn) (oo) (pp) (qq) (a) (a) (b) Settlement and Release Agreement effective as of September 9, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed September 10, 2018) (File No. 001-09553). Amendment No. 1 to the Settlement and Release Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and among the parties listed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed August 19, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Support Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and among the parties listed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed August 19, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Governance Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and among the parties listed therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of CBS Corporation filed August 19, 2019) (File No. 001-09553). Subsidiaries of ViacomCBS Inc. (filed herewith). Consents of Experts and Counsel Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (filed herewith). Powers of Attorney (filed herewith). Rule 13a‑14(a)/15d‑14(a) Certifications Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of ViacomCBS Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a‑14(a) or 15d‑14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of ViacomCBS Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a‑14(a) or 15d‑14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). (21) (23) (24) (31) ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-5 Exhibit No. (32) (a) (b) (101) Description of Document Section 1350 Certifications Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of ViacomCBS Inc. furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of ViacomCBS Inc. furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). Interactive Data File 101. INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101. SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. 101. CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. 101. DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. 101. LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. 101. PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. (104) Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). ____________________________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b). E-6 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, ViacomCBS Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized. SIGNATURES VIACOMCBS INC. By: /s/ Robert M. Bakish Robert M. Bakish President and Chief Executive Officer Date: February 24, 2021 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of ViacomCBS Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signature Title Date /s/ Robert M. Bakish Robert M. Bakish /s/ Naveen Chopra Naveen Chopra /s/ Katherine Gill-Charest Katherine Gill-Charest * Candace K. Beinecke * Barbara M. Byrne * Brian Goldner * Linda M. Griego President and Chief Executive Officer; Director (Principal Executive Officer) Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 24, 2021 February 24, 2021 February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Signature * Robert N. Klieger * Judith A. McHale * Ronald L. Nelson * Charles E. Phillips, Jr. * Shari E. Redstone * Susan Schuman * Nicole Seligman * Frederick O. Terrell *By: /s/ Christa A. D’Alimonte Christa A. D’Alimonte Attorney-in-Fact for Directors Title Director Date February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Chair February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 Director February 24, 2021 February 24, 2021 Exhibit 3(b) AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF VIACOMCBS INC. ARTICLE I OFFICES Section 1. The registered offices of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. Section 2. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS Section 1. Meetings of stockholders may be held at such time and place, within and without the State of Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a valid waiver of notice thereof. The annual meeting of stockholders may be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the board of directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Section 2. The annual meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held at such date and hour as shall be determined by the board of directors. Section 3. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, notice of the meeting shall be given which notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting), and in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by applicable law (meaning, here and hereinafter, as required from time to time by the Delaware General Corporation Law) or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the notice of any meeting shall be given, not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting. The board of directors may postpone or reschedule any previously scheduled meeting. Section 4. Subject to Article XI, special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary at the request in writing of the holders of record of at least 50.1% of the aggregate voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, acting together as a single class. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Section 5. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Section 6. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting; provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The list shall also be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. Section 7. The holders of a majority of the aggregate voting power of the shares of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by applicable law or by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Whether or not a quorum is present, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority of the aggregate voting power of the shares of capital stock entitled to vote who are present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time. Section 8. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than thirty days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the board of directors shall fix a new record date for notice of such adjourned meeting in accordance with Article VI, Section 2(a) of these bylaws, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting. At any 2 adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. Section 9. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the aggregate voting power of the shares of the capital stock entitled to vote who are present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by provision of applicable law or of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Section 10. At every meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder shall be entitled to vote, in person or by a valid proxy given by the stockholder or his or her duly authorized attorney-in-fact, each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such stockholder in accordance with the provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and, if applicable, the certificate of designations relating thereto, but no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Section 11. Any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing (or deemed to be in writing under applicable law), setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders (or deemed to be signed by stockholders under applicable law) representing not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such actions at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered and dated as required by law. Prompt notice of the taking of such action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. The Secretary shall file such consents with the minutes of the meetings of the stockholders. Section 12. At all meetings of stockholders, the chairman of the meeting shall have absolute authority over matters of procedure, and there shall be no appeal from the ruling of the chairman. Section 13. Attendance of a stockholder, in person or by proxy, at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where the stockholder, in person or by proxy, attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Section 14. Notice of Director Nominations and Stockholder Business. (a) Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of the stockholders only (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of the meeting (or any supplement thereto), (ii) by or at the direction of the board of directors, (iii) by any stockholder or stockholders that, pursuant to Section 11 hereof, represent a sufficient number of 3 votes to take such action by written consent without a meeting or (iv) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 14, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies fully with the notice requirements and other procedures set forth in this Section 14. (b) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder th th th th th pursuant to Section 14(a)(iv) above, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such proposed business, other than the nomination of persons for election to the board of directors, must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be sent and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90 ) day, nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 ) day, prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days earlier or more than sixty (60) days later than such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so sent and received not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 ) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90 ) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10 ) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder notice as described herein. To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth in writing (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the complete text of any resolutions proposed for consideration or any amendment to any Corporation document intended to be presented at the meeting), the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (C) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination and (D) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends to solicit proxies in support of such nomination or proposal, including whether such stockholder or beneficial owner intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of, in the case of a proposal, at least the percentage of the Corporation’s voting shares required under applicable law 4 to adopt and/or carry out the proposal or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, a sufficient number of holders of the Corporation’s voting shares to elect such nominee or nominees. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require in order to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. (c) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 14 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the board of directors of the Corporation at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement naming all of the nominees for directors or specifying the size of the increased board of directors made by the Corporation at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 14 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be sent and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the th Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 ) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation. (d) Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the board of directors, (ii) by any stockholder or stockholders that, pursuant to Section 11 hereof, represent a sufficient number of votes to take such action by written consent without a meeting or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 14, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies fully with the notice requirements and other procedures set forth in this Section 14. In the event that the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the board of directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (b) of this Section 14 shall be sent and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 ) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90 ) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10 ) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder notice as described herein. th th th (e) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in this Section 14 shall be eligible and qualified to be elected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 14. 5 Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in this Section 14 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nominee or proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s nominee or proposal in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (b)(iii)(D) of this Section 14) and, in the event any proposed nomination or business was not so made or proposed in compliance with this Section 14, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 14, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 14, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. (f) For purposes of this Section 14, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, or any comparable or successor national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. (g) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 14, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 14. Nothing in this Section 14 shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision thereto). ARTICLE III DIRECTORS Section 1. The number of directors which shall constitute the entire board of directors shall be fixed as set forth in Article V of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Section 2. Subject to Article XI and the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock or any other class of capital stock of the Corporation then outstanding (other than Common Stock), vacancies in the board of directors for any reason, including by reason of an 6 increase in the authorized number of directors, shall, if occurring prior to the expiration of the term of office in which the vacancy occurs, be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and, subject to Article IX, the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation or until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. Subject to Article XI, if there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute. Section 3. Subject to Article XI, the property and business of the Corporation shall be controlled and managed in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation by its board of directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by these bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Section 4. The board of directors of the Corporation, or any committees thereof, may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Section 5. A regular annual meeting of the board of directors, including newly elected directors, shall be held in connection with each annual meeting of stockholders at the place of such stockholders’ meeting, and no notice of such meeting to the directors shall be necessary in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided that a quorum shall be present. If such meeting is held at any other time or place, notice thereof must be given or waived as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the board of directors. Section 6. Additional regular meetings of the board of directors shall be held on such dates and at such times and at such places as shall from time to time be determined by the board of directors. Section 7. The Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer may call a special meeting of the board of directors at any time by giving notice as provided in these bylaws to each member of the board at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time appointed. Every such notice shall state the time and place but need not state the purpose of the meeting. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the board of directors may not consider any issuance of shares of Class A common stock or other voting securities of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries at any annual, regular or special meeting unless notice of such proposed issuance shall have been provided personally, orally by telephone or by electronic transmission to each member of the board at least ten (10) business days prior to such meeting. Section 8. At all meetings of the board a majority of the entire board of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the Amended and Restated 7 Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. (A) “Paramount Transaction” means any of the following actions or events: to authorize, enter into, commit to or otherwise legally bind the Corporation and its subsidiaries taken as a whole (the “Company”) to any transaction not in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (by joint venture, consortium, affiliation, agreement, guarantee, understanding or otherwise), for: (i) any sale, issuance, transfer, redemption, lien, encumbrance, or other disposition (including, without limitation, by way of recapitalization, reclassification, dividend, distribution, merger, consolidation or otherwise) of (A) any shares of capital stock or ownership interest of Paramount Pictures Corporation (“Paramount”) or of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Corporation involved with or supporting, in either case, in a material respect, the Corporation’s filmed entertainment business or any other business of Paramount (Paramount and each such subsidiary, a “Paramount Entity”), or (B) any options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase or acquire or encumber any shares of such capital stock or ownership interest of any Paramount Entity, in any case to a party that is not the Company, or (ii) any sale, transfer, license, lien, encumbrance or other disposition of any material asset of (A) any Paramount Entity or (B) the Paramount Entities taken as a whole, in each case, to a party that is not the Company. (B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the board, any committee thereof, any member of the board or any executive officer shall, or shall have the power to, authorize, agree to, knowingly cause or permit or take, directly or indirectly, any “Paramount Transaction” without the prior consent of at least 67% of the members of the board. Section 9. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, setting forth the action so taken, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee. Section 10. Unless otherwise restricted by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, members of the board of directors, or any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment whereby all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. 8 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS Section 11. Designation of Committees. Subject to Article XI, the board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Section 12. Vacancies. Subject to Article XI, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Section 13. Powers. Subject to Article XI, any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors to the extent provided by Section 141(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law as it exists now or may hereafter be amended. Section 14. Minutes. Each committee of the board of directors shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS Section 15. Unless otherwise restricted by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. All directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of directors, and directors who are not full-time employees of the Corporation may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors, and/or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation and expenses for attending committee meetings. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS Section 16. Subject to Article XI and the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock or any other class of capital stock of the Corporation (other than the Common Stock) then outstanding, any or all directors may be removed from office at any time prior to the expiration of his, her or their term of office, with or without cause, only by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of outstanding shares representing at least a majority of all the aggregate voting power of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class at a special meeting of stockholders called expressly for that purpose. 9 ARTICLE IV NOTICES Section 1. Whenever, under the provisions of applicable law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, notice is required to be given to (a) any director, it shall be construed to mean oral notice given telephonically or written or printed notice given either personally or by mail, wire or electronic transmission, or (b) any stockholder, it shall be construed to mean written or printed notice given either personally or by mail, wire or electronic transmission in the manner and to the extent provided by Section 232 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in each case, addressed to such director or stockholder, at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage or other charges thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail or at the appropriate office for transmission by wire or, in the case of electronic transmission, at the time specified by Section 232 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 2. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of applicable law or of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or of these bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Section 3. Attendance at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice except where a director or stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Section 4. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the board of directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting. ARTICLE V OFFICERS Section 1. Subject to Article XI, the officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the board of directors at its first meeting in connection with each annual meeting of the stockholders and shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Chairman and CEO of CBS (until the Specified CBS Date) and/or a Treasurer and a Secretary. Subject to Article XI, the board of directors may also elect a Chairman of the Board, one or more Presidents and Vice Presidents and one or more Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, and such other officers as the board of directors deems appropriate. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Vice Presidents may be given distinctive designations such as Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President. Subject to Article XI, at the time of election, the board of directors may determine that the Chairman of the Board shall be a Non-Executive Chairman of the Board. 10 Section 2. Subject to Article XI, the board of directors may elect such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the board of directors. Section 3. Subject to Article XI, the officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are elected or appointed and qualify or until their earlier resignation or removal. Subject to Article XI, any officer elected or appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time with or without cause by the affirmative vote of majority of the board of directors. Subject to Article XI, any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the board of directors. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Section 4. The Chairman of the Board, if any shall be elected, shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors and the stockholders and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the board of directors. THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Section 5. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall have the general powers and duties of supervision, management and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the board of directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform the duties and exercise the powers incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the board of directors or these bylaws. THE PRESIDENT Section 6. The President, if any shall be elected, shall, under the direction of the Chief Executive Officer, be responsible for the operations of the Corporation and shall have all the powers, rights, functions and responsibilities normally exercised by a president. The President shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the President by the Chief Executive Officer, the board of directors or these bylaws. Section 7. The Vice Presidents, if any shall be elected, shall have such powers and perform such duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the board of directors or the Chief Executive Officer. THE VICE PRESIDENTS 11 THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY Section 8. The Secretary, if any shall be elected, shall attend all meetings of the board of directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Corporation and of the board of directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees of the board of directors when required. He or she shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and the special meetings of the board of directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the Chief Executive Officer, under whose supervision he or she shall be. He or she shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and he or she, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature. Section 9. The Assistant Secretary, if any shall be elected, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS Section 10. The Treasurer, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer, shall have charge of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep or cause to be kept full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositaries as may be designated by or at the direction of the board of directors. Section 11. The Treasurer shall disburse or cause to be disbursed the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by or at the direction of the Chief Executive Officer or the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and subject to the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer, shall render to the board of directors, when they or either of them so require, an account of his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. Section 12. If required by the board of directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his or her office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his or her death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his or her possession or under his or her control belonging to the Corporation. 12 Section 13. The Assistant Treasurer, if any shall be elected, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the board of directors, the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer. CHAIRMAN AND CEO OF CBS Section 14. Subject to the provisions of Article XI, the Chairman and CEO of CBS, if any shall be elected, shall be an officer of the Corporation and shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation’s CBS business, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, and shall have the general powers and duties of supervision, management and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation’s CBS business and such other powers and duties, in each case, as further described in the employment agreement between such officer and the Corporation (or one of its subsidiaries). Subject to the provisions of Article XI, the Chairman and CEO of CBS shall perform the duties and exercise the powers incident to the office of chief executive officer of such business. Section 15. In addition to the corporate officers elected by the board of directors pursuant to this Article V, the Chief Executive Officer may, from time to time, appoint one or more other persons as appointed officers who shall not be deemed to be corporate officers, but may, respectively, be designated with such titles as the Chief Executive Officer may deem appropriate. The Chief Executive Officer may prescribe the powers to be exercised and the duties to be performed by each such appointed officer, may designate the term for which each such appointment is made, and may, from time to time, terminate any or all of such appointments. Such appointments and termination of appointments shall be reported to the board of directors. ARTICLE VI TRANSFERS OF STOCK Section 1. Unless otherwise provided by resolution of the board of directors, each class or series of the shares of capital stock in the Corporation shall be issued in uncertificated form pursuant to the customary arrangements for issuing shares in such form. Shares shall be transferable only on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof in person or by attorney upon presentment of proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer in accordance with the customary procedures for transferring shares in uncertificated form. Section 2. (a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may FIXING RECORD DATE 13 fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall, except as otherwise required by applicable law, not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. If the board of directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the board of directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 2(a) at the adjourned meeting. (b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a meeting, (including by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission as permitted by law), the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall be not more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and no prior action by the board of directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a meeting shall be the first date on which a consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in the manner prescribed by Article II, Section 11 hereof. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by applicable law with respect to the proposed action by consent of the stockholders without a meeting, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action. (c) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. 14 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS Section 3. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware. ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES Section 1. Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify any present or former employee of the Corporation who was or is involved in or is threatened to be involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was an employee of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (such person, an “indemnitee”), to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment and unless applicable law otherwise requires, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees), actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as provided in Section 7 of this Article VII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses, the Corporation shall indemnify an indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by the indemnitee, if and only if the board of directors authorized the bringing of the action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) in advance of the commencement of the proceeding. Section 2. Successful Defense. To the extent that an indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Section 1 of this Article VII, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith. Section 3. Advance Payment of Expenses. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an indemnitee in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate, by resolution of the board of directors. 15 Section 4. Not Exclusive. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other sections of this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. Without limiting the foregoing, the Corporation is authorized to enter into an agreement with any employee of the Corporation providing indemnification for such person against expenses, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement that result from any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including, without limitation, any action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation, that arises by reason of the fact that such person is or was an employee of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, to the fullest extent allowed by law, except that no such agreement shall provide for indemnification for any actions that constitute fraud, actual dishonesty or willful misconduct. Section 5. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of this Article VII. Section 6. Certain Definitions. For the purposes of this Article VII, (a) any employee of the Corporation who shall serve or has served as an employee of any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise of which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, is or was a stockholder or creditor, or in which the Corporation is or was in any way interested, or (b) any current or former employee of any subsidiary corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise wholly owned by the Corporation, shall be deemed to be serving as such employee at the request of the Corporation, unless the board of directors of the Corporation shall determine otherwise. In all other instances where any person shall serve or has served as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise of which the Corporation is or was a stockholder or creditor, or in which it is or was otherwise interested, if it is not otherwise established that such person is or was serving as such employee at the request of the Corporation, the board of directors of the Corporation may determine whether such service is or was at the request of the Corporation, and it shall not be necessary to show any actual or prior request for such service. For purposes of this Article VII, references to a corporation include all constituent corporations absorbed in a consolidation or merger (including any constituent of a constituent) as well as the resulting or surviving corporation so that any person who is or was an employee of such a constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same 16 position under the provisions of this Article VII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would if he or she had served the resulting or surviving corporation in the same capacity. For purposes of this Article VII, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as an employee of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such employee with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries, and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article VII. Section 7. Proceedings to Enforce Rights to Indemnification. (a) If a claim under Section 1 of this Article VII is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, or a claim under Section 3 of this Article VII is not paid in full by the Corporation within 30 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. Any such written claim under Section 1 of this Article VII shall include such documentation and information as is reasonably available to the indemnitee and reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. Any written claim under Sections 1, 2 and 3 of this Article VII shall include reasonable documentation of the expenses incurred by the indemnitee. (b) If successful in whole or in part in any suit brought pursuant to Section 7(a) of this Article VII, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking to the extent an undertaking would be required of a present director or officer of the Corporation pursuant to Article VI of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (an “undertaking”), the indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid and indemnified for the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. (c) In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (ii) any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a 17 defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article VII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation. Section 8. Preservation of Rights. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be an employee of the Corporation, or has ceased to serve at the request of the Corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Any repeal or modification of this Article VII by the stockholders of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon shall not adversely affect any right or protection of an employee of the Corporation, or any person serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, existing at the time of such repeal or modification. ARTICLE VIII FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state or federal court located within the State of Delaware) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer of the Corporation arising pursuant to, or seeking to enforce any right, obligation, or remedy under, any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or these bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action or proceeding to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of any provision or provisions of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time), or any amendment thereto or modification thereof, (v) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against the Corporation or any director or officer of the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or (vi) any action or proceeding to determine the result of any vote or action by written consent of stockholders. The board of directors may consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum; provided, however, that any such consent shall require the affirmative vote of all the directors then in office. 18 ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS DIVIDENDS Section 1. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of any statute, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and these bylaws. Section 2. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purposes as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. CHECKS Section 3. All checks or demands for money of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate. FISCAL YEAR Section 4. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31 unless otherwise specified by the board of directors. Section 5. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. SEAL ARTICLE X AMENDMENTS In furtherance of and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the board of directors of the Corporation from time to time may adopt, amend, alter, change or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation; provided, subject to Article XI, that any bylaws adopted, amended, altered, changed or repealed by the board of directors or the stockholders of the 19 Corporation may be amended, altered, changed or repealed by the stockholders of the Corporation. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these bylaws (and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified by law, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws), the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the aggregate voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in an election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders of the Corporation to amend, alter, change, repeal or adopt any bylaws of the Corporation. ARTICLE XI DESIGNATED PERIOD Section 1. Definitions. “Closing Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Merger Agreement. “Closing Date CEO” means the individual designated to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation at the Effective Time in accordance with the Merger Agreement. “Closing Date CFO” means the individual designated to serve as the Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation at the Effective Time in accordance with the Merger Agreement. “Closing Date Chairman and CEO of CBS” means the individual designated to serve as the Chairman and CEO of CBS at the Effective Time in accordance with the Merger Agreement. “Closing Date General Counsel” means the individual designated to serve as the General Counsel of the Corporation at the Effective Time in accordance with the Merger Agreement. “Closing Date General Counsel of CBS” means the individual designated to serve as the General Counsel of the Corporation’s CBS business at the Effective Time in accordance with the Merger Agreement. “Effective Time” shall have the meaning set forth in the Merger Agreement. “Existing Specified Executives” means each of Robert M. Bakish, Christina Spade, Christa D’Alimonte, Joseph R. Ianniello and Laura Franco. “Initial CBS Director” means each of the initial members of the board of directors of the Corporation designated pursuant to Section 1.06(a)(i) of the Merger Agreement and, in the event any such director ceases to serve as a member of the board of directors of the Corporation, the replacement, if any, thereof who is recommended and approved in accordance with Section 2(c) of this Article XI and, in connection with such appointment, a majority of the Initial CBS Directors then in office vote in favor of such person becoming an Initial CBS Director (or if there 20 are no such Initial CBS Directors then in office other than as a result of removal in breach of these Bylaws, then by at least 75% of the Unaffiliated Independent Directors). “Initial Viacom Director” means each of the initial members of the board of directors of the Corporation designated pursuant to Section 1.06(a)(ii) of the Merger Agreement and, in the event any such director ceases to serve as a member of the board of directors of the Corporation, the replacement, if any, thereof who is recommended and approved in accordance with Section 2(c) of this Article XI and, in connection with such appointment, a majority of the Initial Viacom Directors then in office vote in favor of such person becoming an Initial Viacom Director (or if there are no such Initial Viacom Directors then in office other than as a result of removal in breach of these Bylaws, then by at least 75% of the Unaffiliated Independent Directors). “Merger Agreement” means that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 13, 2019, between CBS Corporation and Viacom Inc., as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. “NAI” means National Amusements, Inc. (and any successor-in-interest thereto). “NAI Affiliated Directors” means each member of the board of directors of the Corporation affiliated with or associated (as such terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) with any of the NAI Entities; provided, that for the avoidance of doubt, (x) Robert N. Klieger shall constitute an NAI Affiliated Director for purposes of these Bylaws and (y) any director who filled a vacancy pursuant to the proviso of Section 2(c) of this Article XI shall constitute an NAI Affiliated Director for purposes of these Bylaws. “NAI Entities” means, collectively, NAI and NAIEH. “NAI Group” means, collectively, (a) Sumner M. Redstone, (b) Shari E. Redstone, (c) the NAI Entities, (d) the Sumner M. Redstone National Amusements Trust u/d/t dated June 28, 2002, as amended (the “Trust”), (e) Tyler Korff, (f) David R. Andelman, (g) Jill Krutick, (h) Thaddeus Jankowski, (i) Phyllis Redstone, (j) Norman Jacobs, (k) Leonard Lewin and (l) any other trustee of the Trust. “NAIEH” means NAI Entertainment Holdings LLC (and any successor-in-interest thereto). “Requisite Approval” means approval by the board of directors of the Corporation, which approval includes approval by at least (i) a majority of the Unaffiliated Independent Directors then in office, (ii) two of the Initial CBS Directors then in office and (iii) two of the Initial Viacom Directors then in office. “Specified CBS Date” means the earliest to occur of (a) the Closing Date Chairman and CEO of CBS’s voluntary departure from this Corporation and (b) the date that is fifteen months after the Closing Date. 21 “Specified Executive” means an employee who (i) serves in the capacity of (or who would, if appointed, serve in the capacity of) chief operating officer of the Corporation or any other position with substantially similar responsibilities or (ii) served as chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer or general counsel at CBS Corporation or Viacom Inc. at any time prior to the Effective Time (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the Existing Specified Executives). “Unaffiliated Independent Director” means any member of the board of directors of the Corporation (i) who is not affiliated or associated (as such terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) with any member of the NAI Group and (ii) who is “independent” under applicable stock exchange and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules; provided, however, that (x) for the avoidance of doubt, Robert N. Klieger shall not constitute an Unaffiliated Independent Director for purposes of these Bylaws and (y) any director who filled a vacancy pursuant to the proviso of Section 2(c) of this Article XI shall not constitute an Unaffiliated Independent Director for purposes of these Bylaws. Section 2. Board of Directors. (a) As of the Effective Time, the board of directors shall be composed of: (i) the six (6) Initial CBS Directors; (ii) the four (4) Initial Viacom Directors; (iii) two (2) NAI Affiliated Directors; and (iv) the Chief Executive Officer. (b) From and after the Closing Date until the second (2 ) anniversary of the Closing Date (the “Designated Period”), nd unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the number of directors constituting the entire board of directors shall be fixed at thirteen (13) members. (c) During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, any vacancy on the board of directors shall be filled by a nominee approved by the board of directors with the Requisite Approval upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee (acting by a majority vote) following customary public company practices; provided that if such vacancy is created by virtue of an NAI Affiliated Director ceasing to serve on the board of directors then such vacancy may be filled by the stockholders of the Corporation in accordance with these bylaws and the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation. (d) During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, any candidate approved for nomination or nominated by the board of directors for election to the board of directors at any meeting of stockholders at which the stockholders of the Corporation shall elect directors of the Corporation must have been approved with the Requisite Approval upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee (acting by a majority vote) following customary public company practices; provided, that if such candidate is an Initial CBS Director, Initial Viacom Director or NAI Affiliated Director serving on the board of directors at 22 the time such approval is sought, such approval need only have been by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the then- serving directors. Section 3. Board Committees. (a) During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the board of directors shall designate, establish and maintain the following standing committees (each, a “Specified Post-Merger Committee”): (A) the Audit Committee, (B) the Nominating and Governance Committee and (C) the Compensation Committee. (b) As of the Effective Time, each Specified Post-Merger Committee shall be composed solely of an equal number of Initial CBS Directors and Initial Viacom Directors. During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the members of each Specified Post-Merger Committee (including the initial members as of the Effective Time) shall be designated, appointed and approved by the board of directors acting with the Requisite Approval. During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, each Specified Post-Merger Committee shall be composed solely of an equal number of the Initial CBS Directors and Initial Viacom Directors; provided that each such member must meet all director independence and other standards of the Nasdaq Global Select Market (or, if the Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, all director independence and other standards of the New York Stock Exchange) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to his or her service. (c) As of the Effective Time, (i) the chairperson of the Audit Committee shall be an Initial CBS Director, (ii) the chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee shall be an Initial Viacom Director, and (iii) the chairperson of the Compensation Committee shall be an Initial CBS Director. During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, (x) the chairperson of the Audit Committee shall be an Initial CBS Director, (y) the chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee shall be an Initial Viacom Director, and (z) the chairperson of the Compensation Committee shall be an Initial CBS Director; provided that each such designated chairperson must meet all director independence and other standards of the Nasdaq Global Select Market (or, if the Corporation is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, all director independence and other standards of the New York Stock Exchange) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to his or her service. Section 4. Management. (a) During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the Closing Date CEO, Closing Date CFO, Closing Date General Counsel and Closing Date General Counsel of CBS shall serve as (i) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, (ii) Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, (iii) Executive Vice President, General Counsel of 23 the Corporation and (iv) Executive Vice President of the Corporation and General Counsel of the Corporation’s CBS business, respectively, except in the case of such officers’ voluntary departure from the Corporation. (b) During the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the Specified CBS Date, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the Closing Date Chairman and CEO of CBS shall serve as the Chairman and CEO of CBS with the oversight, duties and responsibilities set forth in such individual’s employment agreement as in effect at the Effective Date. (c) During the Designated Period, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the following actions by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries shall require the Requisite Approval: (i) the election, hiring or appointment (or similar act) of any Specified Executive; (ii) the termination or removal (or similar act) of any Existing Specified Executive (other than the Chairman and CEO of CBS); (iii) any modification to any of the duties, authority or reporting relationships of the Existing Specified Executives (other than the Chairman and CEO of CBS) having a material effect (it being understood and agreed that the election, hiring or appointment (or similar act) of any person with duties, title or authority substantially similar to any Existing Specified Executive (other than the Chairman and CEO of CBS) while such Existing Specified Executive is concurrently serving in such office shall constitute such a modification having a material effect); and (iv) any modification to the compensation arrangements of the Existing Specified Executives (other than the Chairman and CEO of CBS) having a material effect. (d) During the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the Specified CBS Date, unless the board of directors shall have adopted a resolution to the contrary that was approved with the Requisite Approval, the following actions by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries shall require the Requisite Approval: (i) the election, hiring, appointment, termination or removal of the Chairman and CEO of CBS; (ii) any modification to any of the duties, authority or reporting relationships of the Chairman and CEO of CBS having a material effect (it being understood and agreed that the election, hiring or appointment (or similar act) of any person with duties, title or authority substantially similar to the Chairman and CEO of CBS while the Chairman and CEO of CBS is concurrently serving in such office shall constitute such a modification having a material effect); and 24 (iii) any modification to the compensation arrangements of the Chairman and CEO of CBS having a material effect. Section 5. Amendment. During (i) the Designated Period, the board of directors shall not modify, amend, or repeal any provision of this Article XI (other than Section 4(d) hereof) or Section 4 of Article IX (or any provision of these bylaws making reference to any such provision) and the board of directors shall not adopt any other resolution inconsistent with this Article XI (other than Section 4(d) hereof) or Section 4 of Article IX (or any provision of these bylaws making reference to any such provision), and the board of directors shall not recommend for adoption or resolution by the stockholders of any such modification, amendment, repeal or inconsistent provision of this Article XI (other than Section 4(d) hereof) or Section 4 of Article IX and (ii) the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the Specified CBS Date, the board of directors shall not modify, amend, or repeal any provision of Section 4(d) of this Article XI or Section 14 of Article V (or any provision of these bylaws making reference to any such provision) and the board of directors shall not adopt any other resolution inconsistent with Section 4(d) of this Article XI or Section 14 of Article V (or any provision of these bylaws making reference to any such provision), and the board of directors shall not recommend for adoption or resolution by the stockholders of any such modification, amendment, repeal or inconsistent provision of Section 4(d) of Article XI or Section 14 of Article V (each of clauses (i) and (ii), an “Amendment”), without the Requisite Approval. Section 6. In the event of any inconsistency between any other provision of these bylaws (other than this Article XI), on the one hand, and any provision of this Article XI, on the other hand, the provisions of this Article XI shall control. 25 Exhibit 10(b)(iv) ViacomCBS Inc. 20[ ] Terms and Conditions to the Performance Share Units Granted under the CBS Corporation 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) ARTICLE I TERMS OF PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS Section 1.1 Grant of Performance Share Units. ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has awarded the Participant Performance Share Units (the “Performance Share Units” or “PSUs”) under the CBS Corporation 2009 Long- Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”). The PSUs have been awarded to the Participant subject to the terms and conditions contained in (A) the certificate for the grant of PSUs, as distributed on [___] (the “Performance Share Units Certificate” or the “Certificate”), (B) the terms and conditions contained herein and (C) the Plan, the terms of which are hereby incorporated by reference (the items listed in (A), (B), and (C), collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). A copy of the Plan and the Prospectus dated [___] has been or will be made available to the Participant on the Morgan Stanley (or its successor’s) website or has been attached hereto. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Terms and Conditions. Performance Share Units are notional units of measurement and represent the right to receive a number of shares of the Class B Common Stock depending on the Company’s performance against specific pre-determined goals. The number of PSUs granted to a Participant for each Measurement Period shall be determined by dividing each one-third (1/3) of the PSU Grant Value by the per share Grant Date Fair Value of such performance tranche, rounded down to the nearest whole share. This is the Participant’s “Target Award”. PSU Measurement Periods shall be, (i) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a two-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___], (ii) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a three-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___] and (iii) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a four-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___]. Section 1.2 Terms of Performance Share Units. (a) PSUs shall be tied to the achievement of relative total shareholder return or “Relative TSR”, as defined herein, and measured over three (3) different Measurement Periods, as described herein, with the number of shares of Class B Common Stock (the “Shares”) delivered following the applicable Determination Date calculated based upon the following schedule: • • • • Award Schedule If the Company achieves less than the 25th percentile Relative TSR, the Target Award will be forfeited If the Company achieves the 25th percentile Relative TSR, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 80% of the Target Award If the Company achieves the 50th percentile Relative TSR, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 100% of the Target Award If Company achieves the 75th percentile Relative TSR or greater, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 120% of the Target Award For Relative TSR achievement at an intermediate point between the 25th and 50th percentile, or between the 50 percentile and the 75 percentile, the number of Shares to be delivered will be interpolated between the respective percentages of Target Award at each of the percentiles. For example, if the Company were to achieve the 60th percentile Relative TSR, 108% of the Target Award would be delivered pursuant to this Section 1.2(a). Fractional Shares shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share. th th (b) Settlement and Delivery of Shares. Shares delivered in settlement of the Performance Share Units will be delivered, net of any shares withheld for Taxes pursuant to Section 4.2, as soon as administratively practicable following each applicable Determination Date and the Committee’s certification as to the Company’s Relative TSR performance for the applicable Measurement Period; provided, however, that in no event shall settlement occur later than March 15 of the calendar year following the Determination Date. th (c) Dividend Equivalents. If the Company pays regular cash dividends on Class B Common Stock, Dividend Equivalents shall accrue on the PSUs until the PSUs are settled. The Company will credit such Dividend Equivalents when it pays the corresponding dividend on the Class B Common Stock. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will be subject to the same earning and forfeiture conditions as the underlying PSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents were accrued. Accrued Dividend Equivalents that have been credited to the Participant’s account shall be paid in cash (reduced by amounts necessary to satisfy the Tax Related Items) through payroll in a lump sum as soon as practicable after the date the PSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents accrued and are settled; provided, however, if PSUs are scheduled to be settled between a dividend record date and a dividend payment date, the Dividend Equivalents payable with respect to the PSUs on account of such dividend will be paid in a lump sum based on the dividend payment date and not on the dividend record date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall Dividend Equivalents be paid later than March 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the PSUs vest. th Page 2 of 12 The decision to pay a dividend and, if so, the amount of any such dividend, is determined by the Company in its sole discretion. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will not be paid with respect to any PSUs that are cancelled. Dividend Equivalents will not be credited with any interest or other return between the date they accrue and the date they are paid to the Participant. (d) Termination of Employment. (1) If, at the time of a Participant’s Termination of Employment, the Participant is a party to an employment agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries or is covered by a written severance arrangement for the benefit of Company employees, in either case that contains provisions different from those set forth in Section 1.2(d)(2) below, then such different provisions will control so long as they are in effect and applicable to the Participant at the time of the Participant’s Termination of Employment. Further, if any such written arrangement should provide for accelerated vesting of outstanding PSUs, then unless otherwise provided in the terms of such arrangement, such PSUs shall be deemed earned at the Target Award and settled in accordance with Section 1.2(d) (without requirement by the Committee to certify performance). In the event that any such provision would cause the PSUs to be subject to the requirements of Section 409A, the settlement of the PSUs shall also comply with Section 4.6 hereof. (2) Otherwise, in the event that the Participant's employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries terminates prior to [___]: (A) due to the Participant’s death or Permanent Disability, then any unearned PSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) shall immediately be considered earned according to Section 1.2(d)(2)(A) (1) or (2) below and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof and the Company’s practices in connection with settlement of such shares following a Termination of Employment. 1) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock that the Participant will receive in settlement of PSUs for any applicable Measurement Period not completed on or prior to the Participant’s termination date will be deemed the Target Award (and certification by the Committee with respect to such PSUs shall not be required); and 2) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock that the Participant will receive in settlement of PSUs for any Measurement Period that was completed prior to the Participant’s termination date will be the Shares determined in accordance with Section 1.2(a). (B) for any reason other than due to the Participant’s death or Permanent Disability, then, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Participant shall forfeit all unearned PSUs (and all unearned Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) as of the date of such Termination of Employment; provided, however, if, within twenty-four (24) months Page 3 of 12 following the close of the merger of Viacom Inc. and CBS Corporation (the “Closing Date”), (x) the Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company (other than a Termination for Cause, as defined in the Plan), or (y) the Participant resigns with “good reason” (as defined under an applicable employment agreement), then all outstanding PSUs (and all Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) will be treated as earned in accordance with section 1.2(d)(2)(A)(1) or (2), as applicable, and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof. ARTICLE II EFFECT OF CERTAIN CORPORATE CHANGES In the event of a merger, consolidation, stock split, reverse stock split, dividend, distribution, combination, reclassification, reorganization, split-up, spin-off, split-off, or recapitalization that changes the character, value, or amount of the Class B Common Stock or any other changes in the corporate structure, equity securities or capital structure of the Company, the Committee shall make such adjustments, if any, to the number and kind of securities subject to the Performance Share Units, as it deems appropriate. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, also make such other adjustments as it deems appropriate in order to preserve the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available hereunder. Such determinations by the Committee shall be conclusive and binding on all persons for all purposes. As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings: ARTICLE III DEFINITIONS (a) (b) (c) Company. “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. “Certificate” shall mean the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 hereof. “Class B Common Stock” shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the (d) “Code” shall mean the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor law thereto and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder. (e) “Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board (or such other Committee(s) as may be appointed or designated by the Board to administer the Plan). (f) (g) (h) Period. “Company” shall mean ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation. “Date of Grant” shall be the date set forth on the Certificate. “Determination Date” means with respect to each Measurement Period, the last calendar day of such Measurement Page 4 of 12 (i) “Dividend Equivalent” shall mean an amount in cash equal to the regular cash dividend, if any, that would have been paid on the number of shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs. (j) “Grant Date Fair Value” means the value determined by FAS 123 Solutions using a Monte Carlo valuation model, in accordance with applicable accounting principles. (k) “Good Reason” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Participant’s employment agreement with the Company or a Subsidiary. (l) “Grant Value” means the portion of the Participant’s total long-term incentive target value delivered in the form of PSUs. (m) “Measurement Period” means (i) for the first one-third of the Grant Value, the two-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]; (ii) for the second one-third of the Grant Value, means the three-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]; and (iii) for the third one-third of the Grant Value, means the four-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]. (n) (o) “Participant” shall mean the employee named on the Certificate. “Performance Share Units” shall mean notional units of measurement representing the contractual right granted to the Participant to receive shares of Class B Common Stock and consisting of the Target Award set forth in Section 1.2(a) hereof. (p) “Permanent Disability” shall have the same meaning as such term or a similar term has in the long-term disability policy maintained by the Company or a Subsidiary thereof for the Participant and that is in effect on the date of the onset of the Participant’s Permanent Disability unless the Committee determines otherwise. (q) “Plan” shall mean the CBS Corporation 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan, and as may be amended from time to time. (r) “Reference Group” means all companies whose common stock is included in the S&P 500 at the start of the Measurement Period for that Target Award (other than (i) companies that cease to be included in the S&P 500 during the Measurement Period solely due to merger, acquisition, liquidation or similar events changing the identity and nature of the company and (ii) companies that cease to be included in the S&P 500 other than on account of events described in the preceding clause (i) and which also cease to have common stock publicly traded on an exchange or on a recognized market system or the over-the-counter market). (s) “Relative TSR” means for the Class B Common Stock and for the common stock of each company in the Reference Group, the percentage change in value (positive or negative) over the Measurement Period as measured by dividing (i) the sum of (A) each company’s cumulative value of dividends and other distributions in respect of its common stock for the Measurement Period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and (B) the difference (positive or negative) between each company’s common stock price on the first and last Page 5 of 12 day of the Measurement Period (calculated on the basis of the average closing prices over the 20-day trading period immediately prior to the first day of the Measurement Period and the average closing prices over the 20-day trading period immediately prior to the relevant Determination Date, in each case, as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (or such other reporting service that the Committee may designate from time to time)); by (ii) the common stock price on the first day of the Measurement Period, calculated on the basis described above. Appropriate and equitable adjustments will be made to account for stock splits and reverse stock splits. Relative TSR will be determined by the Committee in a manner consistent with this definition. For purposes of computing Relative TSR, if a company has more than one class of common stock outstanding, then only the class that is included in the S&P 500 shall be taken into account, and if there is more than one such class the company’s Relative TSR shall be computed using the aggregate values of and distributions on all such classes. (t) “Shares” means the number of shares of Class B Common Stock delivered following the applicable Determination Date based on the Award Schedule and other provisions set forth in Section 1.2 hereof. (u) (v) “S&P 500” means the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index. “Section 409A” shall mean Section 409A of the Code and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder from time to time. (w) “Subsidiary” shall mean a corporation or other entity with respect to which the Company owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of stock normally entitled to vote for the election of directors (or comparable voting power), provided that the Committee may also designate any other corporation or other entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, has an equity or similar interest corresponding to 50% or less of such voting power as a Subsidiary for purposes of the Plan. (x) “Target Award” means the target number of shares, subject to the Company’s Relative TSR performance. (y) “Tax-Related Items” means any federal, national, provincial, state, and/or local tax liability (including, but not limited to, income tax, social insurance contributions, payment on account, employment tax obligations, stamp taxes, and any other taxes) that may be due or required by law to be withheld, and/or any employer tax liability shifted to a Participant. (z) “Termination for Cause” shall mean, shall mean a termination of a Participant’s service by reason of: (i) “cause” as such term or a similar term is defined in any employment or consulting agreement that is in effect and applicable to the Participant at the time of the Participant’s termination of Service, or (ii) if there is no such employment or consulting agreement, or if such employment or consulting agreement contains no such term, unless the Committee determines otherwise, the Participant’s: (A) commission of any dishonest or fraudulent act that has caused or may reasonably be expected to cause injury to the interest or business reputation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (B) conduct constituting a felony, a financial crime, embezzlement or fraud, whether or not related to the Participant’s Service; (C) willful unauthorized disclosure of Page 6 of 12 confidential information; (D) failure, neglect of or refusal to substantially perform the duties of the Participant’s service; (E) commission or omission of any other act which is a material breach of the Company’s policies regarding employment practices or the applicable federal, state and local laws prohibiting discrimination or which is materially injurious to the financial condition or business reputation of the Company or any Subsidiary; (F) failure to comply with the written policies of the Company, including the Company’s Business Conduct Statement or successor conduct statement as they apply from time to time; (G) willful failure to cooperate with a bona fide internal investigation or an investigation by regulatory or law enforcement authorities, whether or not related to service, after being instructed by the Company or the Participant’s employer to participate; (H) willful destruction or failure to preserve documents or other material known to be relevant to an investigation referred to in the preceding clause (G); or (I) willful inducement of others to engage in any of the conduct described in the preceding clauses (A) through (H). (aa) “Termination of Employment” shall mean, for purposes of the PSUs, when a Participant is no longer an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for any reason, including, without limitation, a reduction in force, a sale or divestiture or shut-down of the business for which the Participant works, the Participant's voluntary resignation; the Participant’s resignation with “good reason”, if provided for in a Participant’s current employment agreement; the Participant's termination with or without cause; or the Participant's retirement, death or Permanent Disability. Also, unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall terminate, for purposes of the PSUs, on the date on which the Participant's employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. ARTICLE IV MISCELLANEOUS Section 4.1 No Rights to Awards or Continued Employment. None of the Certificate, the Plan nor any action taken in accordance with such documents shall confer upon the Participant any right to be employed by or to continue in the employment of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor to be entitled to any remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Plan or the Certificate, including the right to receive any future awards under the Plan or any other plan of the Company or any Subsidiary or interfere with or limit the right of the Company or any Subsidiary to modify the terms of or terminate the Participant’s employment at any time for any reason. Section 4.2 Taxes. The Company or a Subsidiary, as appropriate, shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any PSUs that vest and from any payment (including payment of accrued Dividend Equivalents) made with respect to the PSUs or otherwise under the Plan to the Participant, a Participant’s estate or any permitted transferee or beneficiary an amount sufficient to satisfy any Tax-Related Items. The amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items with respect to the vesting of PSUs shall be calculated by valuing the shares of Class B Common Stock on the date of vesting or such other date as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Further, any shares of Class B Common Stock that are retained to satisfy the Tax-Related Items shall be valued based on Page 7 of 12 the fair market value on the date that the amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items is to be determined in accordance with the foregoing sentence. In order to satisfy such Tax-Related Items, the Company may, in its discretion and subject to such conditions as it may determine, direct or permit, as a condition of the settlement of the PSUs, payment of the Dividend Equivalents, or delivery of any shares of Class B Common Stock, that such Tax-Related Items be satisfied by (i) withholding shares of Class B Common Stock (or in the case of Dividend Equivalents, cash) subject to the applicable PSUs (and/or Dividend Equivalents); (ii) selling a portion of the shares of Class B Common Stock subject to the applicable PSUs and/or Dividend Equivalents and using the proceeds of such sale to satisfy the applicable Tax-Related Items; (iii) payment by the Participant of an additional cash amount equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; (iv) delivery of Class B Common Stock already owned by the Participant having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; or (v) any other means available under applicable law and the Plan and that the Company, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate in order to satisfy the Tax-Related Items. As a condition to receiving this grant of PSUs, the Participant has agreed to take, or to allow the Company to take, in its discretion, the foregoing actions to satisfy such Tax Related Items. Section 4.3 Stockholder Rights: Unsecured Creditor Status. The grant of PSUs under the Certificate shall not entitle the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary to any rights of a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock, unless, and only when, the Participant, the Participant's estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable, is registered on the books and records of the Company as a stockholder with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs (or where the shares are permitted to be held in “street” name by a broker designated by the Participant (or the Participant’s estate, permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable) until such broker has been so registered), and shares are delivered to such party upon settlement of the PSUs or payment of the Dividend Equivalents. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in its discretion or as specified herein, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or distributions or other rights in respect of any shares of Class B Common Stock for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant, a Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary (or broker of any of the foregoing, if applicable) shall become the registered or beneficial holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock. PSUs constitute unsecured and unfunded obligations of the Company. As a holder of PSUs, the Participant shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company. Section 4.4 No Restriction of Right of Company to Effect Corporate Changes. Neither the Plan nor the Certificate shall affect in any way the right or power of the Company or its stockholders to make or authorize any or all adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in the Company’s capital structure or its business, or any merger or consolidation of the Company, or any issue of stock or of options, warrants or rights to purchase stock or of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stocks whose rights are superior to or affect the Class B Common Stock or the rights thereof or which are convertible into or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock, or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or Page 8 of 12 business, or any other corporate act or proceeding, whether of a similar character or otherwise. Section 4.5 No Advice Regarding Award. The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding the Participant's participation in the Plan, or his or her acquisition or sale of the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs. The Participant should consult with his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action in relation thereto. Section 4.6 Section 409A. The intent of the Company is that payments and distributions under these Terms and Conditions comply with Section 409A of the Code and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, these Terms and Conditions shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith. If any provision of the Certificate contravenes any regulations or Treasury guidance promulgated under Section 409A or could cause the Participant to be required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any PSUs before such PSUs are settled or to be subject to any additional tax or interest under Section 409A, such provision of the Certificate may be modified to maintain, to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent of the applicable provision without the imposition of any additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Moreover, any discretionary authority that the Board or the Committee may have pursuant to the Certificate shall not be applicable to PSUs that are subject to Section 409A to the extent such discretionary authority will contravene Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Participant is deemed on the date of his or her "separation from service" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A) to be one of the Company's "specified employees" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A), then any portion of any of the Participant's PSUs that constitutes deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A and is payable or distributable upon the Participant's separation from service shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the date of the Participant's separation from service or (ii) the date of Participant's death (the "Delay Period"). All payments and distributions delayed pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall be paid or distributed to the Participant within thirty days following the end of the Delay Period, subject to the satisfaction of any Tax-Related Items, and any remaining payments and distributions due thereafter under these Terms and Conditions shall be paid or distributed in accordance with the dates specified for them herein. In no event shall the Company or any of its Subsidiaries be liable for any tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on the Participant with respect to Section 409A. Section 4.7 Amendment. The Committee shall have broad authority to amend the Certificate without approval of the Participant to the extent necessary or desirable (a) to comply with, or take into account changes in, applicable tax laws, securities laws, accounting rules and other applicable laws, rules and regulations or (b) to ensure that the Participant is not required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any PSUs before such PSUs are settled and is not subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A with respect to any PSUs. The Committee shall not be obligated to make any such amendment, however, and neither the Committee Page 9 of 12 nor the Company makes any representation or guarantee that the PSUs will not be subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Section 4.8 Interpretation. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Certificate (including the definitions set forth herein) and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan will control. Additionally, in the event of a conflict or ambiguity between the provisions of the Certificate and the provisions of any employment agreement that is in effect and applicable to the Participant with respect to the PSUs, the provisions of such employment agreement shall be deemed controlling to the extent such provisions are consistent with the provisions of the Plan and are more favorable to the Participant than the provisions of the Certificate. Section 4.9 Breach of Covenants. In the event that (i) the Participant is party to an employment agreement or other agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries containing restrictive covenants relating to non-competition, no solicitation of employees, confidential information or proprietary property, and (ii) the Committee makes a good faith determination at any time that the Participant committed a material breach of any such restrictive covenants during the Participant’s employment or the one-year period after termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for any reason, then (x) the Participant shall be required to return to the Company all shares of Class B Common Stock received by him or her as a result of the vesting of the PSUs during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and the cash payment of related accrued Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, to the extent that any such shares of Class B Common Stock received in settlement of the PSUs within the one-year period prior to such breach were sold by the Participant, the Participant shall remit to the Company any proceeds realized on the sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock, whether such sale occurred during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and (y) notwithstanding any provision of the Certificate or any other agreement between the Company and the Participant, including any agreement referenced in Section 1.2(d) hereof, under no circumstances will any unvested PSUs vest following the Committee's determination that Participant has committed a material breach. Section 4.10 Entire Agreement. Except to the extent provided in a valid and binding employment agreement or severance agreement, the Terms and Conditions constitute the entire understanding and agreement between the Company and the Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, written or oral, between the Company and the Participant with respect hereto. The express terms of the Terms and Conditions control and supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. Section 4.11 Governmental Regulations. The PSUs shall be subject to all applicable rules and regulations of governmental or other authorities. Section 4.12 Repayment / Forfeiture. Any benefits the Participant may receive hereunder shall be subject to repayment or forfeiture as may be required to comply with (i) any applicable listing standards of a national securities exchange adopted in accordance with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Page 10 of 12 (regarding recovery of erroneously awarded compensation) and any implementing rules and regulations of the U.S. SEC adopted thereunder, (ii) similar rules under the laws of any other jurisdiction and (iii) any policies adopted by the Company to implement such requirements, all to the extent determined by the Company in its discretion to be applicable to the Participant. Section 4.13 Headings. The headings of articles and sections herein are included solely for convenience of reference and shall not affect the meaning of any of the provisions of the Certificate. Section 4.14 Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver any documents related to Awards granted under the Plan and participation in the Plan, or future Awards that may be granted under the Plan, by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. The Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line, electronic and/or voice activated system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company. Further, unless the Participant declines an Award by written notice to the Company no later than 30 days following the grant date or such other date that may be communicated by the Company, the Company will automatically accept the Award, subject to all terms and conditions set forth in these Terms and Conditions, the Certificate and the Plan, on the Participant’s behalf. If the Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and the Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award nor any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. Section 4.15 Severability. The provisions of the Certificate are severable, and, if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions nevertheless shall be binding and enforceable. Section 4.16 Governing Law and Venue. The Certificate and all rights hereunder shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this PSU grant or these Terms and Conditions, the parties hereby submit and consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State of New York, agree that such litigation shall be conducted exclusively in the courts of New York, New York, or the federal courts for the United States for the Southern District of New York, where this grant is made and/or to be performed. Section 4.17 Waiver. The Participant acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of this Certificate shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Certificate, or of any subsequent breach by the Participant or any other Participant. Section 4.18 Stock Plan Accounts. If the Participant is a Plan participant in the United States, the Company shall be entitled to access the information contained in the Participant’s individual stock plan account maintained by the applicable plan administrator; provided, however, that the Company may not disclose individual account information to third parties (other than the plan administrator), unless required by applicable law. Page 11 of 12 Section 4.19 Restriction on Transfer. The rights of the Participant with respect to the PSUs (including any Dividend Equivalents associated with such PSUs) shall not be transferable, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or beneficiary designation (if permitted); provided, however, that the Committee may permit other transferability, subject to any conditions and limitations that it may, in its sole discretion, impose. The Participant will be deemed to have agreed to all Terms and Conditions (as set forth in the Certificate, this document, and the Plan), unless the Participant provides the Company with a written notice of rejection within 30 days of receipt of the Terms and Conditions. Any such notice may be addressed to the Company at the following email address: stockplanadministrator@cbs.com. If a Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and such Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award or any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. ***************** If there is a discrepancy between any information set forth on the ViacomCBS Stock Plans webpage and the official records maintained by the Company, the official records will prevail. Page 12 of 12 Exhibit 10(b)(v) ViacomCBS Inc. 20[ ] Terms and Conditions to the Restricted Share Units Granted under the CBS Corporation 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) ARTICLE I TERMS OF RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS Section 1.1 Grant of Restricted Share Units. ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has awarded the Participant Restricted Share Units (the “RSUs”) under the CBS Corporation 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”). The RSUs have been awarded to the Participant subject to the terms and conditions contained in (A) the certificate for the grant of RSUs, as distributed on [___] (the “Restricted Share Units Certificate” or the “Certificate”), (B) the terms and conditions contained herein and (C) the Plan, the terms of which are hereby incorporated by reference (the items listed in (A), (B), and (C), collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). A copy of the Plan and the Prospectus dated [___] has been or will be made available to the Participant on the Morgan Stanley (or its successor’s) website or has been attached hereto. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Terms and Conditions. Each Restricted Share Unit shall entitle the Participant to receive one share of Class B Common Stock, subject to the Terms and Conditions. Section 1.2 Terms of RSUs. (a) General and Vesting. Subject to the other terms and conditions in the Certificate and in the Plan, the RSUs shall vest in four (4) installments of an approximately equal whole number of RSUs on each of the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the Date of Grant, except that any fractional RSUs resulting from this vesting schedule will be aggregated and will vest on whichever of such vesting dates as shall be determined by the Company in its discretion; provided, however, the RSUs shall vest in accordance with the circumstances described in Section 1.2(d) hereof. (b) Settlement. On the date each portion of the RSUs vests, that portion of the RSUs that has vested shall be payable in shares of Class B Common Stock, which may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee in its discretion shall deem appropriate, including, without limitation, book-entry registration; provided, however, that such shares shall bear such legends as the Committee, in its discretion, may determine to be necessary or advisable. The Company currently does not issue share certificates for the Class B Common Stock. Settlement of vested RSUs shall be made as soon as administratively practicable, and in any event within 60 days following the vesting dates. The Company will settle vested RSUs by delivering the corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (subject to withholding to satisfy Tax-Related Items) to the Participant's stock plan account maintained with Morgan Stanley (or its successor as service provider to the Company's equity compensation plans). Following settlement, the Participant may direct Morgan Stanley (or its successor) to sell some or all of such shares, may leave such shares in such stock plan account or may transfer them to an account that the Participant maintains with a bank or broker by following the instructions made available to the Participant by the Company or on behalf of the Company by Morgan Stanley or its successor, as applicable. (c) Dividend Equivalents. If the Company pays regular cash dividends on Class B Common Stock, Dividend Equivalents shall accrue on the RSUs until the RSUs are settled. The Company will credit such Dividend Equivalents when it pays the corresponding dividend on the Class B Common Stock. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will be subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions as the underlying RSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents were accrued. Accrued Dividend Equivalents that have been credited to the Participant’s account shall be paid in cash (reduced by amounts necessary to satisfy the Tax Related Items) through payroll in a lump sum as soon as practicable after the date the RSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents accrued and are settled; provided, however, if RSUs are scheduled to vest and be settled between a dividend record date and a dividend payment date, the Dividend Equivalents payable with respect to the RSUs on account of such dividend will be paid in a lump sum based on the dividend payment date and not the dividend record date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no th event shall Dividend Equivalents be paid later than March 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the RSUs vest. The decision to pay a dividend and, if so, the amount of any such dividend, is determined by the Company in its sole discretion. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will not be paid with respect to any RSUs that do not vest and are cancelled. Dividend Equivalents will not be credited with any interest or other return between the date they accrue and the date they are paid to the Participant. (d) Termination of Employment. (1) If, at the time of a Participant’s Termination of Employment, the Participant is a party to an employment agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries that contains provisions different from those set forth in Section 1.2(d)(2) below, then such different provisions will control so long as they are in effect and applicable to the Participant at the time of the Participant’s Termination of Employment. In the event that any such provision would cause the RSUs to be subject to the requirements of Section 409A, the settlement of the RSUs shall also comply with Section 4.6 hereof. (2) Otherwise, in the event that the Participant's employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries terminates prior to the date or dates on which the RSUs vest in accordance with Section 1.2(a) hereof: Page 2 of 10 (a) due to the Participant's death or Permanent Disability, then the unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) shall immediately vest and be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof; or (b) for any reason other than due to the Participant's death or Permanent Disability, then, unless otherwise provided in the Participant’s employment agreement or other plan or written agreement between the Company and the Participant, or the Committee determines otherwise and provides that some or all of such Participant’s unvested RSUs shall vest as of the date of such event, the Participant shall forfeit all unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) as of the date of such Termination of Employment; provided, however, if, within twenty-four (24) months following the close of the merger of Viacom Inc. and CBS Corporation (the “Closing Date”), (x) the Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company (other than a Termination for Cause, as defined in the Plan), or (y) the Participant resigns with “good reason” (as defined under an applicable employment agreement), then all unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) will become immediately 100% vested and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof. (3) In all cases of vesting, shares of Class B Common Stock shall be delivered in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof to the Participant or, in the case of the Participant’s death, to the person or persons who acquired the right to receive such shares by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or beneficiary designation. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall also terminate, for purposes of the RSUs, on the date on which the Participant’s employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. ARTICLE II EFFECT OF CERTAIN CORPORATE CHANGES In the event of a merger, consolidation, stock split, reverse stock split, dividend, distribution, combination, reclassification, reorganization, split-up, spin-off, split off or recapitalization that changes the character, value or amount of the Class B Common Stock or any other changes in the corporate structure, equity securities or capital structure of the Company, the Committee shall make such adjustments, if any, to the number and kind of securities subject to the RSUs, as it deems appropriate. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, also make such other adjustments as it deems appropriate in order to preserve the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available hereunder. Such determinations by the Committee shall be conclusive and binding on all persons for all purposes. As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings: ARTICLE III DEFINITIONS Page 3 of 10 (a) (b) (c) Company. “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. “Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 hereof. “Class B Common Stock” shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the (d) “Code” shall mean the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor law thereto and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder. (e) “Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board (or such other committee(s) as may be appointed or designated by the Board to administer the Plan). (f) (g) (h) “Company” shall mean ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation. “Date of Grant” shall be the date set forth on the Certificate. “Dividend Equivalent” shall mean an amount in cash equal to the regular cash dividend, if any, that would have been paid on the number of shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs. (i) “Fair Market Value” of a share of Class B Common Stock on a given date shall be, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing price on such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market or, if different, the principal stock exchange on which the Class B Common Stock is then listed, as reported by any authoritative source selected by the Company in its discretion. If such date is not a business day on which the Fair Market Value can be determined, then the Fair Market Value shall be determined as of the last preceding business day on which the Fair Market Value can be determined. (j) “Participant” shall mean the employee named in the Certificate distributed on [___]. (k) "Permanent Disability" shall have the same meaning as such term or a similar term has under the long-term disability plan or policy maintained by the Company or a Subsidiary under which the Participant has coverage and which is in effect on the date of the onset of the Participant's disability; provided, however, that if the Participant is not covered by a long- term disability plan or policy, then "Permanent Disability" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 22(e) of the Code. (l) “Plan” shall mean the CBS Corporation 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as may be amended from time to time. (m) “Restricted Share Units” or “RSUs” shall mean the contractual right granted to the Participant to receive shares of Class B Common Stock, subject to the Terms and Conditions. Page 4 of 10 (n) “Section 409A” shall mean Section 409A of the Code and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder from time to time. (o) “Subsidiary” shall mean a corporation or other entity with respect to which the Company owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of stock normally entitled to vote for the election of directors (or comparable voting power), provided that the Committee may also designate any other corporation or other entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, has an equity or similar interest corresponding to 50% or less of such voting power as a Subsidiary for purposes of the Plan. (p) “Tax-Related Items” means any federal, national, provincial, state, and/or local tax liability (including, but not limited to, income tax, social insurance contributions, payment on account, employment tax obligations, stamp taxes, and any other taxes) that may be due or required by law to be withheld, and/or any employer tax liability shifted to a Participant. (q) “Termination of Employment” shall mean, for purposes of the RSUs, when a Participant is no longer an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for any reason, including, without limitation, a reduction in force, a sale or divestiture or shut-down of the business for which the Participant works, the Participant's voluntary resignation; the Participant’s resignation with “good reason”, if provided for in a Participant’s current employment agreement; the Participant's termination with or without cause; or the Participant's retirement, death or Permanent Disability. Also, unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall terminate, for purposes of the RSUs, on the date on which the Participant's employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. (r) “Terms and Conditions” shall have the meaning set forth in section 1.1 hereof. ARTICLE IV MISCELLANEOUS Section 4.1 No Rights to Awards or Continued Employment. None of the Certificate, the Plan, these terms and conditions, or any action taken in accordance with such documents shall confer upon the Participant any right to be employed by or to continue in the employment of the Company or any Subsidiary, or to be entitled to any remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Terms and Conditions, including the right to receive any future awards under the Plan or any other plan of the Company or any Subsidiary or interfere with or limit the right of the Company or any Subsidiary to modify the terms of or terminate the Participant’s employment at any time for any reason. Section 4.2 Taxes. The Company or a Subsidiary, as appropriate, shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any RSUs that vest and from any payment (including payment of accrued Dividend Equivalents) made with respect to the RSUs or otherwise under the Plan to the Participant, a Participant’s estate or any permitted transferee or beneficiary an amount sufficient to satisfy any Tax-Related Items. The amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items with respect to the vesting of RSUs shall be calculated by valuing the shares of Class B Common Page 5 of 10 Stock on the date of vesting or such other date as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Further, any shares of Class B Common Stock that are retained to satisfy the Tax-Related Items shall be valued based on the fair market value on the date that the amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items is to be determined in accordance with the foregoing sentence. In order to satisfy such Tax-Related Items, the Company may, in its discretion and subject to such conditions as it may determine, direct, or permit, as a condition of the settlement of the RSUs, payment of the Dividend Equivalents, or delivery of any shares of Class B Common Stock, that such Tax-Related Items be satisfied by (i) withholding shares of Class B Common Stock (or in the case of Dividend Equivalents, cash) subject to the applicable RSUs (and/or Dividend Equivalents); (ii) selling a portion of the shares of Class B Common Stock subject to the applicable RSUs and using the proceeds of such sale to satisfy the applicable Tax-Related Items; (iii) payment by the Participant of an additional cash amount equal to the amount of such Tax- Related Items; (iv) delivery of Class B Common Stock already owned by the Participant having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; or (v) any other means available under applicable law and the Plan that the Company, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate in order to satisfy the Tax-Related Items. As a condition to receiving this grant of RSUs, the Participant has agreed to take, or to allow the Company to take, in its discretion, the foregoing actions to satisfy such Tax Related Items. Section 4.3 Stockholder Rights: Unsecured Creditor Status. The grant of RSUs under the Terms and Conditions shall not entitle the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary to any rights of a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock, unless, and only when, the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable, is registered on the books and records of the Company as a stockholder with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs (or where the shares are permitted to be held in “street” name by a broker designated by the Participant (or the Participant’s estate, permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable) until such broker has been so registered), and shares are delivered to such party upon settlement of the RSUs or payment of the Dividend Equivalents. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in its discretion or as specified herein, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or distributions or other rights in respect of any shares of Class B Common Stock for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant, a Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary (or broker of any of the foregoing, if applicable) shall become the registered or beneficial holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock. RSUs constitute unsecured and unfunded obligations of the Company. As a holder of RSUs, the Participant shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company. Section 4.4 No Restriction on Right of Company to Effect Corporate Changes. Neither the Plan, the Certificate, nor these terms and conditions, shall affect in any way the right or power of the Company or its stockholders to make or authorize any or all adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in the Company’s capital structure or its Page 6 of 10 business, or any merger or consolidation of the Company, or any issue of stock or of options, warrants or rights to purchase stock or of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stocks whose rights are superior to or affect the Class B Common Stock or the rights thereof or which are convertible into or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock, or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or business, or any other corporate act or proceeding, whether of a similar character or otherwise. Section 4.5 No Advice Regarding Award. The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding the Participant's participation in the Plan, or his or her acquisition or sale of the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs. The Participant should consult with his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action in relation thereto. Section 4.6 Section 409A. The intent of the Company is that payments and distributions under the Terms and Conditions comply with Section 409A of the Code and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, the Terms and Conditions shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith. If any provision of Terms and Conditions contravenes any regulations or Treasury guidance promulgated under Section 409A or could cause the Participant to be required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any RSUs before such RSUs are settled or to be subject to any additional tax or interest under Section 409A, such provision of Terms and Conditions may be modified to maintain, to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent of the applicable provision without the imposition of any additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Moreover, any discretionary authority that the Board or the Committee may have pursuant to Terms and Conditions shall not be applicable to RSUs that are subject to Section 409A to the extent such discretionary authority will contravene Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Participant is deemed on the date of his or her "separation from service" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A) to be one of the Company's "specified employees" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A), then any portion of any of the Participant's RSUs that constitutes deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A and is payable or distributable upon the Participant's separation from service shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the date of the Participant's separation from service or (ii) the date of Participant's death (the "Delay Period"). All payments and distributions delayed pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall be paid or distributed to the Participant within thirty days following the end of the Delay Period, subject to the satisfaction of any Tax-Related Items, and any remaining payments and distributions due thereafter under the Terms and Conditions shall be paid or distributed in accordance with the dates specified for them herein. In no event shall the Company or any of its Subsidiaries be liable for any tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on the Participant with respect to Section 409A. Section 4.7 Amendment. The Committee shall have broad authority to amend the Terms and Conditions without approval of the Participant to the extent necessary or desirable (a) Page 7 of 10 to comply with, or take into account changes in, applicable tax laws, securities laws, accounting rules and other applicable laws, rules and regulations or (b) to ensure that the Participant is not required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any RSUs before such RSUs are settled and is not subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A with respect to any RSUs. The Committee shall not be obligated to make any such amendment, however, and neither the Committee nor the Company makes any representation or guarantee that the RSUs will not be subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Section 4.8 Interpretation. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Certificate or these terms and conditions (including the definitions set forth herein) and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan will control. Additionally, in the event of a conflict or ambiguity between the provisions of the Terms and Conditions and the provisions of any employment agreement that is in effect and applicable to the Participant with respect to the RSUs, the provisions of such employment agreement will control to the extent such provisions are consistent with the provisions of the Plan and are more favorable to the Participant than the provisions of the Certificate and these terms and conditions. Section 4.9 Breach of Covenants. In the event that (i) the Participant is party to an employment agreement or other agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries containing restrictive covenants relating to non-competition, no solicitation of employees, confidential information or proprietary property, and (ii) the Committee makes a good faith determination at any time that the Participant committed a material breach of any such restrictive covenants during the Participant’s employment or the one-year period after termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for any reason,, then (x) the Participant shall be required to return to the Company all shares of Class B Common Stock received by him or her as a result of the vesting of the RSUs during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and the cash payment of related accrued Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, to the extent that any such shares of Class B Common Stock received in settlement of the Restricted Share Units within the one-year period prior to such breach were sold by the Participant, the Participant shall remit to the Company any proceeds realized on the sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock, whether such sale occurred during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and (y) notwithstanding any provision of the Terms and Conditions or any other agreement between the Company and the Participant, including any agreement referenced in Section 1.2(d) hereof, under no circumstances will any unvested RSUs vest following the Committee's determination that Participant has committed a material breach. Section 4.10 Entire Agreement. Except to the extent provided in a valid and binding employment agreement or severance agreement, the Terms and Conditions constitute the entire understanding and agreement between the Company and the Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, written or oral, between the Company and the Participant with respect hereto. The express terms of the Terms and Conditions control and supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. Page 8 of 10 Section 4.11 Governmental Regulations. The RSUs shall be subject to all applicable rules and regulations of governmental or other authorities. Section 4.12 Repayment / Forfeiture. Any benefits the Participant may receive hereunder shall be subject to repayment or forfeiture as may be required to comply with (i) any applicable listing standards of a national securities exchange adopted in accordance with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (regarding recovery of erroneously awarded compensation) and any implementing rules and regulations of the U.S. SEC adopted thereunder, (ii) similar rules under the laws of any other jurisdiction and (iii) any policies adopted by the Company to implement such requirements, all to the extent determined by the Company in its discretion to be applicable to the Participant. Section 4.13 Headings. The headings of articles and sections herein are included solely for convenience of reference and shall not affect the meaning of any of the provisions of the Terms and Conditions. Section 4.14 Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver any documents related to Awards granted under the Plan and participation in the Plan, or future Awards that may be granted under the Plan, by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. The Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line, electronic and/or voice activated system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company. Further, unless the Participant declines an Award by written notice to the Company no later than 30 days following the grant date or such other date that may be communicated by the Company, the Company will automatically accept the Award, subject to all terms and conditions set forth in these Terms and Conditions, the Certificate and the Plan, on the Participant’s behalf. If the Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and the Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award nor any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. Section 4.15 Severability. The provisions of these terms and conditions are severable, and, if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions nevertheless shall be binding and enforceable. Section 4.16 Governing Law and Venue. These terms and conditions and all rights hereunder shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this RSU grant or the Terms and Conditions, the parties hereby submit and consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State of New York, agree that such litigation shall be conducted exclusively in the courts of New York, New York, or the federal courts for the United States for the Southern District of New York, where this grant is made and/or to be performed. Section 4.17 Waiver. The Participant acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of the Terms and Conditions shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other Page 9 of 10 provision of the Terms and Conditions, or of any subsequent breach by the Participant or any other Participant. Section 4.18 Stock Plan Accounts. If the Participant is a Plan participant in the United States, the Company shall be entitled to access the information contained in the Participant’s individual stock plan account maintained by the applicable plan administrator; provided, however, that the Company may not disclose individual account information to third parties (other than the plan administrator), unless required by applicable law. Section 4.19 Restriction on Transfer. The rights of the Participant with respect to the RSUs (including any Dividend Equivalents associated with such RSUs) shall not be transferable, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or by beneficiary designation (if permitted); provided, however, that the Committee may permit other transferability, subject to any conditions and limitations that it may, in its sole discretion, impose. ***************** The Participant will be deemed to have agreed to all Terms and Conditions (as set forth in the Certificate, this document, and the Plan), unless the Participant provides the Company with a written notice of rejection within 30 days of receipt of the Terms and Conditions. Any such notice may be addressed to the Company at the following email address: stockplanadministrator@cbs.com. If a Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and such Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award or any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. If there is a discrepancy between any information set forth on the ViacomCBS Stock Plans webpage and the official records maintained by the Company, the official records will prevail. Page 10 of 10 Exhibit 10(c) AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE CBS RETIREMENT EXCESS PENSION PLAN PART B – AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2012 (THE “PLAN”) Effective as of 11:59 PM on December 31, 2020, Section 1 of the Plan is amended by adding the following at the end thereof: “Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Plan is frozen as of December 31, 2020 and no Participant in the Plan shall accrue further benefits under the Plan after December 31, 2020. Participants’ benefits under the Plan will be determined based on credited service and eligible earnings as of December 31, 2020.” IN WITNESS WHEREOF, pursuant to a resolution of the ViacomCBS Administrative Committee, the undersigned hereby executes this amendment this 13th day of November, 2020. By: /s/ Mark Beatty Mark Beatty FINAL Exhibit 10(d) AMENDMENT No. 8 TO THE CBS EXCESS 401(k) PLAN FOR DESIGNATED SENIOR EXECUTIVES PART B – AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2009 Except as otherwise noted herein, the following amendments shall be effective as of 11:59 PM on December 31, 2020: 1. Section 4 of the Plan is amended by: (a) Replacing the word ”An” at the beginning thereof with the phrase “For calendar years prior to January 1, 2021, an”. (b) Adding the following new paragraph at the end thereof: For calendar years beginning on and after January 1, 2021 an Employer Match will be credited each payroll period to a Participant’s Account with respect to the Eligible Salary Reduction Contributions to which an employer Match has not previously been credited. The rate of Employer Match shall be equal to the sum of (a) 100% of the first 1% of Eligible Salary Reduction Contributions deferred each pay period on a pre-tax basis and (b) 50% of the next 5% of Eligible Salary Reduction Contributions. Eligible Salary Reduction Contributions in excess of 6% shall not be eligible for Employer Match and Eligible Salary Reduction Contributions on annual Compensation in excess of $500,000 shall not be eligible for Employer Match. 2. Section 5 of the Plan is amended by: (a) Revising the text immediately above the three (3) year graded vesting schedule chart to provide: “For each Participant who has incurs a Separation from Service on or after July 1, 2019 and on or before after December 31, 2020, a Participant’s Employer Match (and earnings and losses thereon) will become vested according to the following schedule:” (b) Adding the following immediately after the three (3) year graded vesting schedule chart: For each Participant who has not incurred a Separation from Service before January 1, 2021, a Participant’s Employer Match (and earnings and losses thereon) will become vested according to the following schedule: Years of Completed Vesting Service Less than 2 years 2 years or more Vesting % 0% 100% For any Participant who had a higher Vesting % under the prior vesting schedule, his or her Vesting % for the purpose of Employer Match shall not be reduced by the adoption of this new schedule. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, pursuant to a resolution of the ViacomCBS Administrative Committee, the undersigned hereby executes this amendment this 13th day of November, 2020. By: /s/ Mark Beatty Mark Beatty Exhibit 10(g)(iv) ViacomCBS Inc. 20[ ] Terms and Conditions to the Performance Share Units Granted under the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) ARTICLE I TERMS OF PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS Section 1.1 Grant of Performance Share Units. ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has awarded the Participant Performance Share Units (the “Performance Share Units” or “PSUs”) under the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”). The PSUs have been awarded to the Participant subject to the terms and conditions contained in (A) the certificate for the grant of PSUs, as distributed on [___] (the “Performance Share Units Certificate” or the “Certificate”), (B) the terms and conditions contained herein and (C) the Plan, the terms of which are hereby incorporated by reference (the items listed in (A), (B), and (C), collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). A copy of the Plan and the Prospectus dated [___] has been or will be made available to the Participant on the Morgan Stanley (or its successor’s) website or has been attached hereto. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Terms and Conditions. Performance Share Units are notional units of measurement and represent the right to receive a number of shares of the Class B Common Stock depending on the Company’s performance against specific pre-determined goals. The number of PSUs granted to a Participant for each Measurement Period shall be determined by dividing each one-third (1/3) of the PSU Grant Value by the per share Grant Date Fair Value of such performance tranche, rounded down to the nearest whole share. This is the Participant’s “Target Award”. PSU Measurement Periods shall be, (i) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a two-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___], (ii) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a three-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___] and (iii) one-third of the Grant Value shall be subject to a four-year performance period beginning [___] and ending [___]. Section 1.2 Terms of Performance Share Units. (a) PSUs shall be tied to the achievement of relative total shareholder return or “Relative TSR”, as defined herein, and measured over three (3) different Measurement Periods, as described herein, with the number of shares of Class B Common Stock (the “Shares”) delivered following the applicable Determination Date calculated based upon the following schedule: • • • • Award Schedule If the Company achieves less than the 25th percentile Relative TSR, the Target Award will be forfeited If the Company achieves the 25th percentile Relative TSR, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 80% of the Target Award If the Company achieves the 50th percentile Relative TSR, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 100% of the Target Award If Company achieves the 75th percentile Relative TSR or greater, the number of Shares to be delivered under the award will be 120% of the Target Award For Relative TSR achievement at an intermediate point between the 25th and 50th percentile, or between the 50 percentile and the 75 percentile, the number of Shares to be delivered will be interpolated between the respective percentages of Target Award at each of the percentiles. For example, if the Company were to achieve the 60th percentile Relative TSR, 108% of the Target Award would be delivered pursuant to this Section 1.2(a). Fractional Shares shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share. th th (b) Settlement and Delivery of Shares. Shares delivered in settlement of the Performance Share Units will be delivered, net of any shares withheld for Taxes pursuant to Section 4.2, as soon as administratively practicable following each applicable Determination Date and the Committee’s certification as to the Company’s Relative TSR performance for the applicable Measurement Period; provided, however, that in no event shall settlement occur later than March 15 of the calendar year following the Determination Date. th (c) Dividend Equivalents. If the Company pays regular cash dividends on Class B Common Stock, Dividend Equivalents shall accrue on the PSUs until the PSUs are settled. The Company will credit such Dividend Equivalents when it pays the corresponding dividend on the Class B Common Stock. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will be subject to the same earning and forfeiture conditions as the underlying PSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents were accrued. Accrued Dividend Equivalents that have been credited to the Participant’s account shall be paid in cash (reduced by amounts necessary to satisfy the Tax Related Items) through payroll in a lump sum as soon as practicable after the date the PSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents accrued and are settled; provided, however, if PSUs are scheduled to be settled between a dividend record date and a dividend payment date, the Dividend Equivalents payable with respect to the PSUs on account of such dividend will be paid in a lump sum based on the dividend payment date and not on the dividend record date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall Dividend Equivalents be paid later than March 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the PSUs vest. th Page 2 of 12 The decision to pay a dividend and, if so, the amount of any such dividend, is determined by the Company in its sole discretion. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will not be paid with respect to any PSUs that are cancelled. Dividend Equivalents will not be credited with any interest or other return between the date they accrue and the date they are paid to the Participant. (d) Termination of Employment. (1) If, at the time of a Participant’s Termination of Employment, the Participant is a party to an employment agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries or is covered by a written severance arrangement for the benefit of Company employees, in either case that contains provisions different from those set forth in Section 1.2(d)(2) below, then such different provisions will control so long as they are in effect and applicable to the Participant at the time of the Participant’s Termination of Employment. Further, if any such written arrangement should provide for accelerated vesting of outstanding PSUs, then unless otherwise provided in the terms of such arrangement, such PSUs shall be deemed earned at the Target Award and settled in accordance with Section 1.2(d) (without requirement by the Committee to certify performance). In the event that any such provision would cause the PSUs to be subject to the requirements of Section 409A, the settlement of the PSUs shall also comply with Section 4.6 hereof. (2) Otherwise, in the event that the Participant's employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries terminates prior to [___]: (A) due to the Participant’s death or Permanent Disability, then any unearned PSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) shall immediately be considered earned according to Section 1.2(d)(2)(A) (1) or (2) below and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof and the Company’s practices in connection with settlement of such shares following a Termination of Employment. 1) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock that the Participant will receive in settlement of PSUs for any applicable Measurement Period not completed on or prior to the Participant’s termination date will be deemed the Target Award (and certification by the Committee with respect to such PSUs shall not be required); and 2) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock that the Participant will receive in settlement of PSUs for any Measurement Period that was completed prior to the Participant’s termination date will be the Shares determined in accordance with Section 1.2(a). (B) for any reason other than due to the Participant’s death or Permanent Disability, then, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Participant shall forfeit all unearned PSUs (and all unearned Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) as of the date of such Termination of Employment; provided, however, if, within twenty-four (24) months Page 3 of 12 following the close of the merger of Viacom Inc. and CBS Corporation (the “Closing Date”), (x) the Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company (other than a termination for Cause, as defined in the Plan), or (y) the Participant resigns with “good reason” (as defined under an applicable employment agreement), then all outstanding PSUs (and all Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) will be treated as earned in accordance with section 1.2(d)(2)(A)(1) or (2), as applicable, and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof. ARTICLE II EFFECT OF CERTAIN CORPORATE CHANGES In the event of a merger, consolidation, stock split, reverse stock split, dividend, distribution, combination, reclassification, reorganization, split-up, spin-off, split-off, or recapitalization that changes the character, value, or amount of the Class B Common Stock or any other changes in the corporate structure, equity securities or capital structure of the Company, the Committee shall make such adjustments, if any, to the number and kind of securities subject to the Performance Share Units, as it deems appropriate. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, also make such other adjustments as it deems appropriate in order to preserve the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available hereunder. Such determinations by the Committee shall be conclusive and binding on all persons for all purposes. ARTICLE III DEFINITIONS As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. (b) “Cause” shall (i) have the meaning provided in a Company or a Subsidiary employment agreement that is in effect and applicable to the Participant, or (ii) mean, if there is no such employment agreement or if such employment agreement contains no such term, unless the Committee determines otherwise, (A) conduct constituting embezzlement, material misappropriation or fraud, whether or not related to the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary; (B) conduct constituting a felony, whether or not related to the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary; (C) conduct constituting a financial crime, material act of dishonesty or material unethical business conduct, involving the Company or a Subsidiary; (D) willful unauthorized disclosure or use of Company or Subsidiary confidential information; (E) the failure to substantially obey a material lawful directive that is appropriate to the Participant’s position from a superior in his or her reporting line or the Board; (F) the failure or refusal to substantially perform the Participant’s material employment obligations (other than any such failure or refusal resulting from the Participant’s disability); (G) the willful failure to cooperate with a bona fide internal investigation or an investigation by regulatory or law enforcement authorities, whether or not related to employment with the Company or a Subsidiary, after being instructed by the Company or a Subsidiary to cooperate; (H) the willful destruction of or failure to preserve documents or other material known to be relevant to any Page 4 of 12 investigation referred to in subparagraph (G) above; or (I) the willful inducement of others to engage in the conduct described in subparagraphs (A) – (H). (c) “Certificate” shall mean the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 hereof. (d) Company. “Class B Common Stock” shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the (e) “Code” shall mean the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor law thereto and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder. (f) “Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board (or such other Committee(s) as may be appointed or designated by the Board to administer the Plan). (g) (h) (i) Period. “Company” shall mean ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation. “Date of Grant” shall be the date set forth on the Certificate. “Determination Date” means with respect to each Measurement Period, the last calendar day of such Measurement (j) “Dividend Equivalent” shall mean an amount in cash equal to the regular cash dividend, if any, that would have been paid on the number of shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs. (k) “Grant Date Fair Value” means the value determined by FAS 123 Solutions using a Monte Carlo valuation model, in accordance with applicable accounting principles. (l) “Good Reason” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Participant’s employment agreement with the Company or a Subsidiary. (m) “Grant Value” means the portion of the Participant’s total long-term incentive target value delivered in the form of PSUs. (n) “Measurement Period” means (i) for the first one-third of the Grant Value, the two-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]; (ii) for the second one-third of the Grant Value, means the three-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]; and (iii) for the third one-third of the Grant Value, means the four-year period commencing on [___] and ending [___]. (o) (p) “Participant” shall mean the employee named on the Certificate. “Performance Share Units” shall mean notional units of measurement representing the contractual right granted to the Participant to receive shares of Class B Common Stock and consisting of the Target Award set forth in Section 1.2(a) hereof. Page 5 of 12 (q) “Permanent Disability” shall have the same meaning as such term or a similar term has in the long-term disability policy maintained by the Company or a Subsidiary thereof for the Participant and that is in effect on the date of the onset of the Participant’s Permanent Disability unless the Committee determines otherwise. (r) “Plan” shall mean the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan, and as may be amended from time to time. (s) “Reference Group” means all companies whose common stock is included in the S&P 500 at the start of the Measurement Period for that Target Award (other than (i) companies that cease to be included in the S&P 500 during the Measurement Period solely due to merger, acquisition, liquidation or similar events changing the identity and nature of the company and (ii) companies that cease to be included in the S&P 500 other than on account of events described in the preceding clause (i) and which also cease to have common stock publicly traded on an exchange or on a recognized market system or the over-the-counter market). (t) “Relative TSR” means for the Class B Common Stock and for the common stock of each company in the Reference Group, the percentage change in value (positive or negative) over the Measurement Period as measured by dividing (i) the sum of (A) each company’s cumulative value of dividends and other distributions in respect of its common stock for the Measurement Period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and (B) the difference (positive or negative) between each company’s common stock price on the first and last day of the Measurement Period (calculated on the basis of the average closing prices over the 20-day trading period immediately prior to the first day of the Measurement Period and the average closing prices over the 20-day trading period immediately prior to the relevant Determination Date, in each case, as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (or such other reporting service that the Committee may designate from time to time)); by (ii) the common stock price on the first day of the Measurement Period, calculated on the basis described above. Appropriate and equitable adjustments will be made to account for stock splits and reverse stock splits. Relative TSR will be determined by the Committee in a manner consistent with this definition. For purposes of computing Relative TSR, if a company has more than one class of common stock outstanding, then only the class that is included in the S&P 500 shall be taken into account, and if there is more than one such class the company’s Relative TSR shall be computed using the aggregate values of and distributions on all such classes. (u) “Shares” means the number of shares of Class B Common Stock delivered following the applicable Determination Date based on the Award Schedule and other provisions set forth in Section 1.2 hereof. (v) “S&P 500” means the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index. (w) “Section 409A” shall mean Section 409A of the Code and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder from time to time. (x) “Subsidiary” shall mean a corporation (or a partnership or other enterprise) in which the Company owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the outstanding shares of stock normally entitled to vote for the election of directors (or comparable equity participation and voting power). Page 6 of 12 (y) “Target Award” means the target number of shares, subject to the Company’s Relative TSR performance. (z) “Tax-Related Items” means any federal, national, provincial, state, and/or local tax liability (including, but not limited to, income tax, social insurance contributions, payment on account, employment tax obligations, stamp taxes, and any other taxes) that may be due or required by law to be withheld, and/or any employer tax liability shifted to a Participant. (aa) “Termination of Employment” shall mean, for purposes of the PSUs, when a Participant is no longer an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for any reason, including, without limitation, a reduction in force, a sale or divestiture or shut-down of the business for which the Participant works, the Participant's voluntary resignation; the Participant’s resignation with “good reason”, if provided for in a Participant’s current employment agreement; the Participant's termination with or without Cause; or the Participant's retirement, death or Permanent Disability. Also, unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall terminate, for purposes of the PSUs, on the date on which the Participant's employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. ARTICLE IV MISCELLANEOUS Section 4.1 No Rights to Awards or Continued Employment. Neither the Certificate, the Plan nor any action taken in accordance with such documents shall confer upon the Participant any right to be employed by or to continue in the employment of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor to be entitled to any remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Plan or the Certificate, including the right to receive any future awards under the Plan or any other plan of the Company or any Subsidiary or interfere with or limit the right of the Company or any Subsidiary to modify the terms of or terminate the Participant’s employment at any time for any reason. Section 4.2 Taxes. The Company or a Subsidiary, as appropriate, shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any PSUs that vest and from any payment (including payment of accrued Dividend Equivalents) made with respect to the PSUs or otherwise under the Plan to the Participant, a Participant’s estate or any permitted transferee or beneficiary an amount sufficient to satisfy any Tax-Related Items. The amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items with respect to the vesting of PSUs shall be calculated by valuing the shares of Class B Common Stock on the date of vesting or such other date as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Further, any shares of Class B Common Stock that are retained to satisfy the Tax-Related Items shall be valued based on the fair market value on the date that the amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items is to be determined in accordance with the foregoing sentence. In order to satisfy such Tax-Related Items, the Company may, in its discretion and subject to such conditions as it may determine, direct or permit, as a condition of the settlement of the PSUs, payment of the Dividend Equivalents, or delivery of any shares of Page 7 of 12 Class B Common Stock, that such Tax-Related Items be satisfied by (i) withholding shares of Class B Common Stock (or in the case of Dividend Equivalents, cash) subject to the applicable PSUs (and/or Dividend Equivalents); (ii) selling a portion of the shares of Class B Common Stock subject to the applicable PSUs and/or Dividend Equivalents and using the proceeds of such sale to satisfy the applicable Tax-Related Items; (iii) payment by the Participant of an additional cash amount equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; (iv) delivery of Class B Common Stock already owned by the Participant having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; or (v) any other means available under applicable law and the Plan and that the Company, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate in order to satisfy the Tax-Related Items. As a condition to receiving this grant of PSUs, the Participant has agreed to take, or to allow the Company to take, in its discretion, the foregoing actions to satisfy such Tax Related Items. Section 4.3 Stockholder Rights: Unsecured Creditor Status. The grant of PSUs under the Certificate shall not entitle the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary to any rights of a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock, unless, and only when, the Participant, the Participant's estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable, is registered on the books and records of the Company as a stockholder with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs (or where the shares are permitted to be held in “street” name by a broker designated by the Participant (or the Participant’s estate, permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable) until such broker has been so registered), and shares are delivered to such party upon settlement of the PSUs or payment of the Dividend Equivalents. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in its discretion or as specified herein, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or distributions or other rights in respect of any shares of Class B Common Stock for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant, a Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary (or broker of any of the foregoing, if applicable) shall become the registered or beneficial holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock. PSUs constitute unsecured and unfunded obligations of the Company. As a holder of PSUs, the Participant shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company. Section 4.4 No Restriction of Right of Company to Effect Corporate Changes. Neither the Plan nor the Certificate shall affect in any way the right or power of the Company or its stockholders to make or authorize any or all adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in the Company’s capital structure or its business, or any merger or consolidation of the Company, or any issue of stock or of options, warrants or rights to purchase stock or of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stocks whose rights are superior to or affect the Class B Common Stock or the rights thereof or which are convertible into or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock, or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or business, or any other corporate act or proceeding, whether of a similar character or otherwise. Section 4.5 No Advice Regarding Award. The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding the Participant's participation in the Plan, or his or her acquisition or sale of the shares of Page 8 of 12 Class B Common Stock underlying the PSUs. The Participant should consult with his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action in relation thereto. Section 4.6 Section 409A. The intent of the Company is that payments and distributions under these Terms and Conditions comply with Section 409A of the Code and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, these Terms and Conditions shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith. If any provision of the Certificate contravenes any regulations or Treasury guidance promulgated under Section 409A or could cause the Participant to be required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any PSUs before such PSUs are settled or to be subject to any additional tax or interest under Section 409A, such provision of the Certificate may be modified to maintain, to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent of the applicable provision without the imposition of any additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Moreover, any discretionary authority that the Board or the Committee may have pursuant to the Certificate shall not be applicable to PSUs that are subject to Section 409A to the extent such discretionary authority will contravene Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Participant is deemed on the date of his or her "separation from service" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A) to be one of the Company's "specified employees" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A), then any portion of any of the Participant's PSUs that constitutes deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A and is payable or distributable upon the Participant's separation from service shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the date of the Participant's separation from service or (ii) the date of Participant's death (the "Delay Period"). All payments and distributions delayed pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall be paid or distributed to the Participant within thirty days following the end of the Delay Period, subject to the satisfaction of any Tax-Related Items, and any remaining payments and distributions due thereafter under these Terms and Conditions shall be paid or distributed in accordance with the dates specified for them herein. In no event shall the Company or any of its Subsidiaries be liable for any tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on the Participant with respect to Section 409A. Section 4.7 Amendment. The Committee shall have broad authority to amend the Certificate without approval of the Participant to the extent necessary or desirable (a) to comply with, or take into account changes in, applicable tax laws, securities laws, accounting rules and other applicable laws, rules and regulations or (b) to ensure that the Participant is not required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any PSUs before such PSUs are settled and is not subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A with respect to any PSUs. The Committee shall not be obligated to make any such amendment, however, and neither the Committee nor the Company makes any representation or guarantee that the PSUs will not be subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Section 4.8 Interpretation. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Certificate (including the definitions set forth herein) and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan will control. Additionally, in the event of a conflict or ambiguity between the provisions of the Certificate and the provisions of any employment agreement Page 9 of 12 that is in effect and applicable to the Participant with respect to the PSUs, the provisions of such employment agreement shall be deemed controlling to the extent such provisions are consistent with the provisions of the Plan and are more favorable to the Participant than the provisions of the Certificate. Section 4.9 Breach of Covenants. In the event that (i) the Participant is party to an employment agreement or other agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries containing restrictive covenants relating to non-competition, no solicitation of employees, confidential information or proprietary property, and (ii) the Committee makes a good faith determination at any time that the Participant committed a material breach of any such restrictive covenants during the Participant’s employment or the one-year period after termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for any reason, then (x) the Participant shall be required to return to the Company all shares of Class B Common Stock received by him or her as a result of the vesting of the PSUs during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and the cash payment of related accrued Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, to the extent that any such shares of Class B Common Stock received in settlement of the PSUs within the one-year period prior to such breach were sold by the Participant, the Participant shall remit to the Company any proceeds realized on the sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock, whether such sale occurred during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and (y) notwithstanding any provision of the Certificate or any other agreement between the Company and the Participant, including any agreement referenced in Section 1.2(d) hereof, under no circumstances will any unvested PSUs vest following the Committee's determination that Participant has committed a material breach. Section 4.10 Entire Agreement. Except to the extent provided in a valid and binding employment agreement or severance agreement, the Terms and Conditions constitute the entire understanding and agreement between the Company and the Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, written or oral, between the Company and the Participant with respect hereto. The express terms of the Terms and Conditions control and supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. Section 4.11 Governmental Regulations. The PSUs shall be subject to all applicable rules and regulations of governmental or other authorities. Section 4.12 Repayment / Forfeiture. Any benefits the Participant may receive hereunder shall be subject to repayment or forfeiture as may be required to comply with (i) any applicable listing standards of a national securities exchange adopted in accordance with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (regarding recovery of erroneously awarded compensation) and any implementing rules and regulations of the U.S. SEC adopted thereunder, (ii) similar rules under the laws of any other jurisdiction and (iii) any policies adopted by the Company to implement such requirements, all to the extent determined by the Company in its discretion to be applicable to the Participant. Page 10 of 12 Section 4.13 Headings. The headings of articles and sections herein are included solely for convenience of reference and shall not affect the meaning of any of the provisions of the Certificate. Section 4.14 Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver any documents related to Awards granted under the Plan and participation in the Plan, or future Awards that may be granted under the Plan, by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. The Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line, electronic and/or voice activated system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company. Further, unless the Participant declines an Award by written notice to the Company no later than 30 days following the grant date or such other date that may be communicated by the Company, the Company will automatically accept the Award, subject to all terms and conditions set forth in these Terms and Conditions, the Certificate and the Plan, on the Participant’s behalf. If the Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and the Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award nor any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. Section 4.15 Severability. The provisions of the Certificate are severable, and, if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions nevertheless shall be binding and enforceable. Section 4.16 Governing Law and Venue. The Certificate and all rights hereunder shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this PSU grant or these Terms and Conditions, the parties hereby submit and consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State of New York, agree that such litigation shall be conducted exclusively in the courts of New York, New York, or the federal courts for the United States for the Southern District of New York, where this grant is made and/or to be performed. Section 4.17 Waiver. The Participant acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of this Certificate shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Certificate, or of any subsequent breach by the Participant or any other Participant. Section 4.18 Stock Plan Accounts. If the Participant is a Plan participant in the United States, the Company shall be entitled to access the information contained in the Participant’s individual stock plan account maintained by the applicable plan administrator; provided, however, that the Company may not disclose individual account information to third parties (other than the plan administrator), unless required by applicable law. Section 4.19 Restriction on Transfer. The rights of the Participant with respect to the PSUs (including any Dividend Equivalents associated with such PSUs) shall not be transferable, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or beneficiary designation (if permitted); provided, however, that the Committee may permit other transferability, subject to any conditions and limitations that it may, in its sole discretion, impose. Page 11 of 12 The Participant will be deemed to have agreed to all Terms and Conditions (as set forth in the Certificate, this document, and the Plan), unless the Participant provides the Company with a written notice of rejection within 30 days of receipt of the Terms and Conditions. Any such notice may be addressed to the Company at the following email address: stockplanadministrator@cbs.com. If a Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and such Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award or any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. ***************** If there is a discrepancy between any information set forth on the ViacomCBS Stock Plans webpage and the official records maintained by the Company, the official records will prevail. Page 12 of 12 Exhibit 10(g)(v) ViacomCBS Inc. 20[ ] Terms and Conditions to the Restricted Share Units Granted under the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) ARTICLE I TERMS OF RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS Section 1.1 Grant of Restricted Share Units. ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), has awarded the Participant Restricted Share Units (the “RSUs”) under the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “Plan”). The RSUs have been awarded to the Participant subject to the terms and conditions contained in (A) the certificate for the grant of RSUs, as distributed on [___] (the “Restricted Share Units Certificate” or the “Certificate”), (B) the terms and conditions contained herein and (C) the Plan, the terms of which are hereby incorporated by reference (the items listed in (A), (B), and (C), collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). A copy of the Plan and the Prospectus dated [___] has been or will be made available to the Participant on the Morgan Stanley (or its successor’s) website or has been attached hereto. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Terms and Conditions. Each Restricted Share Unit shall entitle the Participant to receive one share of Class B Common Stock, subject to the Terms and Conditions. Section 1.2 Terms of RSUs. (a) General and Vesting. Subject to the other terms and conditions in the Certificate and in the Plan, the RSUs shall vest in four (4) installments of an approximately equal whole number of RSUs on each of the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the Date of Grant, except that any fractional RSUs resulting from this vesting schedule will be aggregated and will vest on whichever of such vesting dates as shall be determined by the Company in its discretion; provided, however, the RSUs shall vest in accordance with the circumstances described in Section 1.2(d) hereof. (b) Settlement. On the date each portion of the RSUs vests, that portion of the RSUs that has vested shall be payable in shares of Class B Common Stock, which may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee in its discretion shall deem appropriate, including, without limitation, book-entry registration; provided, however, that such shares shall bear such legends as the Committee, in its discretion, may determine to be necessary or advisable. The Company currently does not issue share certificates for the Class B Common Stock. Settlement of vested RSUs shall be made as soon as administratively practicable, and in any event within 60 days following the vesting dates. The Company will settle vested RSUs by delivering the corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock (subject to withholding to satisfy Tax-Related Items) to the Participant's stock plan account maintained with Morgan Stanley (or its successor as service provider to the Company's equity compensation plans). Following settlement, the Participant may direct Morgan Stanley (or its successor) to sell some or all of such shares, may leave such shares in such stock plan account or may transfer them to an account that the Participant maintains with a bank or broker by following the instructions made available to the Participant by the Company or on behalf of the Company by Morgan Stanley or its successor, as applicable. (c) Dividend Equivalents. If the Company pays regular cash dividends on Class B Common Stock, Dividend Equivalents shall accrue on the RSUs until the RSUs are settled. The Company will credit such Dividend Equivalents when it pays the corresponding dividend on the Class B Common Stock. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will be subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions as the underlying RSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents were accrued. Accrued Dividend Equivalents that have been credited to the Participant’s account shall be paid in cash (reduced by amounts necessary to satisfy the Tax Related Items) through payroll in a lump sum as soon as practicable after the date the RSUs on which the Dividend Equivalents accrued and are settled; provided, however, if RSUs are scheduled to vest and be settled between a dividend record date and a dividend payment date, the Dividend Equivalents payable with respect to the RSUs on account of such dividend will be paid in a lump sum based on the dividend payment date and not the dividend record date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no th event shall Dividend Equivalents be paid later than March 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the RSUs vest. The decision to pay a dividend and, if so, the amount of any such dividend, is determined by the Company in its sole discretion. Accrued Dividend Equivalents will not be paid with respect to any RSUs that do not vest and are cancelled. Dividend Equivalents will not be credited with any interest or other return between the date they accrue and the date they are paid to the Participant. (d) Termination of Employment. (1) If, at the time of a Participant’s Termination of Employment, the Participant is a party to an employment agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries that contains provisions different from those set forth in Section 1.2(d)(2) below, then such different provisions will control so long as they are in effect and applicable to the Participant at the time of the Participant’s Termination of Employment. In the event that any such provision would cause the RSUs to be subject to the requirements of Section 409A, the settlement of the RSUs shall also comply with Section 4.6 hereof. (2) Otherwise, in the event that the Participant's employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries terminates prior to the date or dates on which the RSUs vest in accordance with Section 1.2(a) hereof: Page 2 of 10 (a) due to the Participant's death or Permanent Disability, then the unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) shall immediately vest and be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof; or (b) for any reason other than due to the Participant's death or Permanent Disability, then, unless otherwise provided in the Participant’s employment agreement or other plan or written agreement between the Company and the Participant, or the Committee determines otherwise and provides that some or all of such Participant’s unvested RSUs shall vest as of the date of such event, the Participant shall forfeit all unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) as of the date of such Termination of Employment; provided, however, if, within twenty-four (24) months following the close of the merger of Viacom Inc. and CBS Corporation (the “Closing Date”), (x) the Participant’s employment is terminated by the Company (other than a termination for Cause, as defined in the Plan), or (y) the Participant resigns with “good reason” (as defined under an applicable employment agreement), then all unvested RSUs (and all unvested Dividend Equivalents accrued thereon) will become immediately 100% vested and shall be settled in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof. (3) In all cases of vesting, shares of Class B Common Stock shall be delivered in accordance with Section 1.2(b) hereof to the Participant or, in the case of the Participant’s death, to the person or persons who acquired the right to receive such shares by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or beneficiary designation. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall also terminate, for purposes of the RSUs, on the date on which the Participant’s employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. ARTICLE II EFFECT OF CERTAIN CORPORATE CHANGES In the event of a merger, consolidation, stock split, reverse stock split, dividend, distribution, combination, reclassification, reorganization, split-up, spin-off, split off or recapitalization that changes the character, value or amount of the Class B Common Stock or any other changes in the corporate structure, equity securities or capital structure of the Company, the Committee shall make such adjustments, if any, to the number and kind of securities subject to the RSUs, as it deems appropriate. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, also make such other adjustments as it deems appropriate in order to preserve the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available hereunder. Such determinations by the Committee shall be conclusive and binding on all persons for all purposes. As used herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings: ARTICLE III DEFINITIONS Page 3 of 10 (a) (b) (c) Company. “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company. “Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 hereof. “Class B Common Stock” shall mean shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the (d) “Code” shall mean the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any successor law thereto and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder. (e) “Committee” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board (or such other committee(s) as may be appointed or designated by the Board to administer the Plan). (f) (g) (h) “Company” shall mean ViacomCBS Inc., a Delaware corporation. “Date of Grant” shall be the date set forth on the Certificate. “Dividend Equivalent” shall mean an amount in cash equal to the regular cash dividend, if any, that would have been paid on the number of shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs. (i) “Fair Market Value” of a share of Class B Common Stock on a given date shall be, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing price on such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market or, if different, the principal stock exchange on which the Class B Common Stock is then listed, as reported by any authoritative source selected by the Company in its discretion. If such date is not a business day on which the Fair Market Value can be determined, then the Fair Market Value shall be determined as of the last preceding business day on which the Fair Market Value can be determined. (j) “Participant” shall mean the employee named in the Certificate distributed on [___]. (k) "Permanent Disability" shall have the same meaning as such term or a similar term has under the long-term disability plan or policy maintained by the Company or a Subsidiary under which the Participant has coverage and which is in effect on the date of the onset of the Participant's disability; provided, however, that if the Participant is not covered by a long- term disability plan or policy, then "Permanent Disability" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 22(e) of the Code. (l) “Plan” shall mean the Viacom Inc. 2016 Long-Term Management Incentive Plan, as may be amended from time to time. (m) “Restricted Share Units” or “RSUs” shall mean the contractual right granted to the Participant to receive shares of Class B Common Stock, subject to the Terms and Conditions. Page 4 of 10 (n) “Section 409A” shall mean Section 409A of the Code and the rules, regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder from time to time. (o) “Subsidiary” shall mean a corporation (or a partnership or other enterprise) in which the Company owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the outstanding shares of stock normally entitled to vote for the election of directors (or comparable equity participation and voting power). (p) “Tax-Related Items” means any federal, national, provincial, state, and/or local tax liability (including, but not limited to, income tax, social insurance contributions, payment on account, employment tax obligations, stamp taxes, and any other taxes) that may be due or required by law to be withheld, and/or any employer tax liability shifted to a Participant. (q) “Termination of Employment” shall mean, for purposes of the RSUs, when a Participant is no longer an employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for any reason, including, without limitation, a reduction in force, a sale or divestiture or shut-down of the business for which the Participant works, the Participant's voluntary resignation; the Participant’s resignation with “good reason”, if provided for in a Participant’s current employment agreement; the Participant's termination with or without cause; or the Participant's retirement, death or Permanent Disability. Also, unless the Committee determines otherwise, the employment of a Participant who works for a Subsidiary shall terminate, for purposes of the RSUs, on the date on which the Participant's employing company ceases to be a Subsidiary. (r) “Terms and Conditions” shall have the meaning set forth in section 1.1 hereof. ARTICLE IV MISCELLANEOUS Section 4.1 No Rights to Awards or Continued Employment. None of the Certificate, the Plan, these terms and conditions, or any action taken in accordance with such documents shall confer upon the Participant any right to be employed by or to continue in the employment of the Company or any Subsidiary, or to be entitled to any remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Terms and Conditions, including the right to receive any future awards under the Plan or any other plan of the Company or any Subsidiary or interfere with or limit the right of the Company or any Subsidiary to modify the terms of or terminate the Participant’s employment at any time for any reason. Section 4.2 Taxes. The Company or a Subsidiary, as appropriate, shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any RSUs that vest and from any payment (including payment of accrued Dividend Equivalents) made with respect to the RSUs or otherwise under the Plan to the Participant, a Participant’s estate or any permitted transferee or beneficiary an amount sufficient to satisfy any Tax-Related Items. The amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items with respect to the vesting of RSUs shall be calculated by valuing the shares of Class B Common Stock on the date of vesting or such other date as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. Further, any shares of Class B Common Stock that are retained to satisfy the Tax- Page 5 of 10 Related Items shall be valued based on the fair market value on the date that the amount sufficient to satisfy the Tax-Related Items is to be determined in accordance with the foregoing sentence. In order to satisfy such Tax-Related Items, the Company may, in its discretion and subject to such conditions as it may determine, direct, or permit, as a condition of the settlement of the RSUs, payment of the Dividend Equivalents, or delivery of any shares of Class B Common Stock, that such Tax-Related Items be satisfied by (i) withholding shares of Class B Common Stock (or in the case of Dividend Equivalents, cash) subject to the applicable RSUs (and/or Dividend Equivalents); (ii) selling a portion of the shares of Class B Common Stock subject to the applicable RSUs and using the proceeds of such sale to satisfy the applicable Tax-Related Items; (iii) payment by the Participant of an additional cash amount equal to the amount of such Tax- Related Items; (iv) delivery of Class B Common Stock already owned by the Participant having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount of such Tax-Related Items; or (v) any other means available under applicable law and the Plan that the Company, in its sole discretion, determines to be appropriate in order to satisfy the Tax-Related Items. As a condition to receiving this grant of RSUs, the Participant has agreed to take, or to allow the Company to take, in its discretion, the foregoing actions to satisfy such Tax Related Items. Section 4.3 Stockholder Rights: Unsecured Creditor Status. The grant of RSUs under the Terms and Conditions shall not entitle the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary to any rights of a holder of shares of Class B Common Stock, unless, and only when, the Participant, the Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable, is registered on the books and records of the Company as a stockholder with respect to the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs (or where the shares are permitted to be held in “street” name by a broker designated by the Participant (or the Participant’s estate, permitted transferee or beneficiary, as applicable) until such broker has been so registered), and shares are delivered to such party upon settlement of the RSUs or payment of the Dividend Equivalents. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in its discretion or as specified herein, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or distributions or other rights in respect of any shares of Class B Common Stock for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Participant, a Participant’s estate, or any permitted transferee or beneficiary (or broker of any of the foregoing, if applicable) shall become the registered or beneficial holder of such shares of Class B Common Stock. RSUs constitute unsecured and unfunded obligations of the Company. As a holder of RSUs, the Participant shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company. Section 4.4 No Restriction on Right of Company to Effect Corporate Changes. Neither the Plan, the Certificate, nor these terms and conditions, shall affect in any way the right or power of the Company or its stockholders to make or authorize any or all adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in the Company’s capital structure or its business, or any merger or consolidation of the Company, or any issue of stock or of options, warrants or rights to purchase stock or of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stocks Page 6 of 10 whose rights are superior to or affect the Class B Common Stock or the rights thereof or which are convertible into or exchangeable for Class B Common Stock, or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or business, or any other corporate act or proceeding, whether of a similar character or otherwise. Section 4.5 No Advice Regarding Award. The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding the Participant's participation in the Plan, or his or her acquisition or sale of the shares of Class B Common Stock underlying the RSUs. The Participant should consult with his or her own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding his or her participation in the Plan before taking any action in relation thereto. Section 4.6 Section 409A. The intent of the Company is that payments and distributions under the Terms and Conditions comply with Section 409A of the Code and, accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted, the Terms and Conditions shall be interpreted to be in compliance therewith. If any provision of Terms and Conditions contravenes any regulations or Treasury guidance promulgated under Section 409A or could cause the Participant to be required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any RSUs before such RSUs are settled or to be subject to any additional tax or interest under Section 409A, such provision of Terms and Conditions may be modified to maintain, to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent of the applicable provision without the imposition of any additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Moreover, any discretionary authority that the Board or the Committee may have pursuant to Terms and Conditions shall not be applicable to RSUs that are subject to Section 409A to the extent such discretionary authority will contravene Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if the Participant is deemed on the date of his or her "separation from service" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A) to be one of the Company's "specified employees" (as determined by the Company pursuant to Section 409A), then any portion of any of the Participant's RSUs that constitutes deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A and is payable or distributable upon the Participant's separation from service shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the six-month anniversary of the date of the Participant's separation from service or (ii) the date of Participant's death (the "Delay Period"). All payments and distributions delayed pursuant to this Section 4.6 shall be paid or distributed to the Participant within thirty days following the end of the Delay Period, subject to the satisfaction of any Tax-Related Items, and any remaining payments and distributions due thereafter under the Terms and Conditions shall be paid or distributed in accordance with the dates specified for them herein. In no event shall the Company or any of its Subsidiaries be liable for any tax, interest or penalties that may be imposed on the Participant with respect to Section 409A. Section 4.7 Amendment. The Committee shall have broad authority to amend the Terms and Conditions without approval of the Participant to the extent necessary or desirable (a) to comply with, or take into account changes in, applicable tax laws, securities laws, accounting rules and other applicable laws, rules and regulations or (b) to ensure that the Participant is not Page 7 of 10 required to recognize income for United States federal income tax purposes with respect to any RSUs before such RSUs are settled and is not subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A with respect to any RSUs. The Committee shall not be obligated to make any such amendment, however, and neither the Committee nor the Company makes any representation or guarantee that the RSUs will not be subject to additional tax or interest under Section 409A. Section 4.8 Interpretation. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Certificate or these terms and conditions (including the definitions set forth herein) and those of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan will control. Additionally, in the event of a conflict or ambiguity between the provisions of the Terms and Conditions and the provisions of any employment agreement that is in effect and applicable to the Participant with respect to the RSUs, the provisions of such employment agreement will control to the extent such provisions are consistent with the provisions of the Plan and are more favorable to the Participant than the provisions of the Certificate and these terms and conditions. Section 4.9 Breach of Covenants. In the event that (i) the Participant is party to an employment agreement or other agreement with the Company or one of its Subsidiaries containing restrictive covenants relating to non-competition, no solicitation of employees, confidential information or proprietary property, and (ii) the Committee makes a good faith determination at any time that the Participant committed a material breach of any such restrictive covenants during the Participant’s employment or the one-year period after termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or a Subsidiary for any reason,, then (x) the Participant shall be required to return to the Company all shares of Class B Common Stock received by him or her as a result of the vesting of the RSUs during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and the cash payment of related accrued Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, to the extent that any such shares of Class B Common Stock received in settlement of the Restricted Share Units within the one-year period prior to such breach were sold by the Participant, the Participant shall remit to the Company any proceeds realized on the sale of such shares of Class B Common Stock, whether such sale occurred during the one year period prior to such breach or any time after such breach occurs, and (y) notwithstanding any provision of the Terms and Conditions or any other agreement between the Company and the Participant, including any agreement referenced in Section 1.2(d) hereof, under no circumstances will any unvested RSUs vest following the Committee's determination that Participant has committed a material breach. Section 4.10 Entire Agreement. Except to the extent provided in a valid and binding employment agreement or severance agreement, the Terms and Conditions constitute the entire understanding and agreement between the Company and the Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, written or oral, between the Company and the Participant with respect hereto. The express terms of the Terms and Conditions control and supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. Page 8 of 10 Section 4.11 Governmental Regulations. The RSUs shall be subject to all applicable rules and regulations of governmental or other authorities. Section 4.12 Repayment / Forfeiture. Any benefits the Participant may receive hereunder shall be subject to repayment or forfeiture as may be required to comply with (i) any applicable listing standards of a national securities exchange adopted in accordance with Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (regarding recovery of erroneously awarded compensation) and any implementing rules and regulations of the U.S. SEC adopted thereunder, (ii) similar rules under the laws of any other jurisdiction and (iii) any policies adopted by the Company to implement such requirements, all to the extent determined by the Company in its discretion to be applicable to the Participant. Section 4.13 Headings. The headings of articles and sections herein are included solely for convenience of reference and shall not affect the meaning of any of the provisions of the Terms and Conditions. Section 4.14 Electronic Delivery and Acceptance. The Company may, in its sole discretion, deliver any documents related to Awards granted under the Plan and participation in the Plan, or future Awards that may be granted under the Plan, by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. The Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and, if requested, agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line, electronic and/or voice activated system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company. Further, unless the Participant declines an Award by written notice to the Company no later than 30 days following the grant date or such other date that may be communicated by the Company, the Company will automatically accept the Award, subject to all terms and conditions set forth in these Terms and Conditions, the Certificate and the Plan, on the Participant’s behalf. If the Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and the Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award nor any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. Section 4.15 Severability. The provisions of these terms and conditions are severable, and, if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions nevertheless shall be binding and enforceable. Section 4.16 Governing Law and Venue. These terms and conditions and all rights hereunder shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this RSU grant or the Terms and Conditions, the parties hereby submit and consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the State of New York, agree that such litigation shall be conducted exclusively in the courts of New York, New York, or the federal courts for the United States for the Southern District of New York, where this grant is made and/or to be performed. Section 4.17 Waiver. The Participant acknowledges that a waiver by the Company of breach of the Terms and Conditions shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other Page 9 of 10 provision of the Terms and Conditions, or of any subsequent breach by the Participant or any other Participant. Section 4.18 Stock Plan Accounts. If the Participant is a Plan participant in the United States, the Company shall be entitled to access the information contained in the Participant’s individual stock plan account maintained by the applicable plan administrator; provided, however, that the Company may not disclose individual account information to third parties (other than the plan administrator), unless required by applicable law. Section 4.19 Restriction on Transfer. The rights of the Participant with respect to the RSUs (including any Dividend Equivalents associated with such RSUs) shall not be transferable, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or by beneficiary designation (if permitted); provided, however, that the Committee may permit other transferability, subject to any conditions and limitations that it may, in its sole discretion, impose. ***************** The Participant will be deemed to have agreed to all Terms and Conditions (as set forth in the Certificate, this document, and the Plan), unless the Participant provides the Company with a written notice of rejection within 30 days of receipt of the Terms and Conditions. Any such notice may be addressed to the Company at the following email address: stockplanadministrator@cbs.com. If a Participant properly declines the Award, the Award will be cancelled and such Participant will not be entitled to any benefits from the Award or any compensation or benefits in lieu of the cancelled Award. If there is a discrepancy between any information set forth on the ViacomCBS Stock Plans webpage and the official records maintained by the Company, the official records will prevail. Page 10 of 10 Exhibit 10(kk)(i) AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE CBS SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLAN PART B – AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2012 (THE “PLAN”) Effective as of 11:59 PM on December 31, 2020, Section 1 of the Plan is amended by adding the following at the end thereof: “Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Plan is frozen as of December 31, 2020 and no Participant in the Plan shall accrue further benefits under the Plan after December 31, 2020. Participants’ benefits under the Plan will be determined based on credited service and eligible earnings as of December 31, 2020.” IN WITNESS WHEREOF, pursuant to a resolution of the ViacomCBS Administrative Committee, the undersigned hereby executes this amendment this 13th day of November, 2020. By: /s/ Mark Beatty Mark Beatty FINAL Exhibit 10(kk)(ii) AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE CBS BONUS SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLAN PART B – AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2012 (THE “PLAN”) Effective as of 11:59 PM on December 31, 2020, Section 1 of the Plan is amended by adding the following at the end thereof: “Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, the Plan is frozen as of December 31, 2020 and no Participant in the Plan shall accrue further benefits under the Plan after December 31, 2020. Participants’ benefits under the Plan will be determined based on credited service and eligible earnings as of December 31, 2020.” IN WITNESS WHEREOF, pursuant to a resolution of the ViacomCBS Administrative Committee, the undersigned hereby executes this amendment this 13th day of November, 2020. By: /s/ Mark Beatty Mark Beatty FINAL Exhibit 21 Subsidiaries of ViacomCBS Inc. (as of January 1, 2021) Place of Incorporation or Organization Louisiana Louisiana Canada (Ontario) Canada (Ontario) California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Canada (Ontario) California Delaware California Argentina Texas Texas Texas Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Texas Delaware Israel Israel Delaware Puerto Rico Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Argentina Delaware Subsidiary Name 13 Investments LLC 13 Productions LLC 14 Hours Productions Inc. 1928778 Ontario Inc. 2POP, LLC 300 New LLC 365Gay LLC 37th Floor Productions Inc. 38th Floor Productions Inc. 5555 Communications Inc. 90210 Productions, Inc. A G Films Canada Inc. A.S. Payroll Company, Inc. Aardvark Productions, Inc. Aaron Spelling Productions, Inc. AC INVERSORA S.A. Acorn Pipe Line Company Acorn Properties, Inc. Acorn Trading Company Acquisition Group West LLC Addax Music Co., Inc. 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Bahamas Underwriters Services Limited BAPP Acquisition Corporation Barrington Songs LLC Bay County Energy Systems, Inc. Bay Resource Management, Inc. Beijing Yalian Online Network Technology Co. Ltd. Belhaven Limited Bellator Sport Worldwide LLC Benjamin Button Productions LLC BET Acquisition Corp. BET Arabesque, LLC BET Comic View II, LLC BET Consumer Services, Inc. BET Creations, Inc. BET Development Company BET Documentaries, LLC BET Event Productions, LLC BET Holdings LLC BET Innovations Publishing, Inc. BET Interactive, LLC BET International, Inc. BET Live from LA, LLC BET Music Soundz, Inc. BET Oh Drama!, LLC BET Pictures II Development & Production, Inc. BET Pictures II Distribution, Inc. BET Pictures II, LLC BET Productions II, Inc. BET Productions IV, LLC BET Productions V, Inc. BET Productions, LLC Argentina Delaware Delaware California United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware California California Delaware California California Delaware California California Delaware Bahamas Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware China Bahamas Delaware Louisiana Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization BET Satellite Services, Inc. BET Services, Inc. BET ST LLC BET Streaming LLC Beta Theatres Inc. BETCH SKETCH, LLC BETN Theatre Ventures, LLC BET-SVOD Holdings Inc. Beverly Productions Canada Inc. Beverlyfax Music, Inc. Big Frame, LLC BIG JOHN, LLC Big Shows Inc. Big Ticket Music Inc. Big Ticket Pictures Inc. Big Ticket Productions Inc. Big Ticket Television Inc. Bikini Bottom Holdings Inc. Bikini Bottom Productions Limited Liability Company Black Entertainment Television LLC Blackout Productions Inc. Blackrock Insurance Corporation Bling Productions Inc. Blue Cow Inc. Blue Sea Productions, Inc. Blue/White Productions, Inc. BN Productions Inc. Bob’s Post House, LLC BODYBAG, LLC Bombay Hook LLC Bonneville Wind Corporation Boxing Acquisition Inc. Branded Productions, Inc. Breakdown Productions Inc. Brentwood Pictures Inc. Bronson Avenue LLC Bronson Gate Film Management GmbH Brotherhood Productions, Inc. Bruin Music Company Buster Productions Inc. C-28 FCC Licensee Subsidiary, LLC Cania Productions Inc. Caper Productions LLC Capital Equipment Leasing Limited Caprice Pty Ltd. Caroline Films Productions, Inc. Cayman Overseas Reinsurance Association Delaware District of Columbia Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Canada (B.C.) California Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware New York District of Columbia Delaware New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California California Delaware Utah Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Germany Rhode Island Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware United Kingdom Australia California Cayman Islands Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization CBS (PDI) Distribution Inc. CBS 247 Inc. CBS Advertiser Services Inc. CBS AJV Inc. CBS All Access International UK Limited CBS Acquisition Holdings Limited CBS Asia Inc. CBS ATSC3 Protection Inc. CBS Broadcast International Asia Inc. CBS Broadcast International B.V. CBS Broadcast International of Canada Ltd. CBS Broadcast Services Limited CBS Broadcasting Inc. CBS Broadcasting West Inc. CBS Canada Co. CBS Canada Holdings Co. CBS Canadian Film and Television Inc. CBS Channel 10/55 Inc. CBS Communications Services Inc. CBS Communications Technology Group Inc. CBS Consumer Products Inc. CBS Corporate Services Inc. CBS Cultural Communications Inc. CBS Cultural Development (Beijing) Co., Limited CBS Cultural Development (Hong Kong) Co, Limited CBS CW Network Partner LLC CBS DBS Inc. CBS DEC Inc. CBS Domains Inc. CBS EcoMedia Inc. CBS EMEA Limited CBS Employee Services Inc. CBS Enterprises (UK) Limited CBS Executive Services Corporation CBS Experiences Inc. CBS Film Funding Company Inc. CBS Films Canadian Productions Inc. CBS Films Distribution Inc. CBS Films Inc. CBS Films Productions Inc. CBS Finance 1 UK Limited CBS Finance 2 UK Limited CBS Finance Holdings Limited CBS First Run Development Company Inc. CBS First Run Limited CBS General Entertainment Australia Inc. CBS Holding (Germany) B.V. Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware Delaware New York Netherlands Canada (Ontario) United Kingdom New York Delaware Canada (Nova Scotia) Canada (Nova Scotia) Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware China Hong Kong Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware United Kingdom Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization CBS Holdings (Germany) II B.V. CBS Holdings (Mexico) Inc. CBS Hollywood Partner Inc. CBS Home Entertainment Inc. CBS IDA Inc. CBS Interactive Inc. CBS Interactive Media Inc. CBS International (Netherlands) B.V. CBS International GmbH CBS International Holdings B.V. CBS International Holdings UK Limited CBS International Inc. CBS International Sales Holdings B.V. CBS International Television (UK) Limited CBS International Television Australia Pty Limited CBS International Television Italia Srl CBS International Television Japan GK CBS IRB Acquisition Inc. CBS Japan Inc. CBS K-Band Inc. CBS Last FM Holding Inc. CBS LITV LLC CBS Mass Media Corporation CBS MaxPreps Inc. CBS Media Realty Corporation CBS Music LLC CBS Network Ten B.V. CBS News Inc. CBS Offshore Networks Holdings Limited CBS Operations Investments Inc. CBS Operations Services Inc. CBS Outdoor Investments Inc. CBS Outdoor Metro Services Limited CBS Overseas Inc. CBS Overseas Productions Two Inc. CBS Phoenix Inc. CBS Pictures Overseas Inc. CBS PNW Sports Inc. CBS Pop Partner Inc. CBS Productions UK Holdings Limited CBS Publishing UK Holdings Limited CBS Receivables Funding II Corporation CBS Receivables Funding III Corporation CBS Records Inc. CBS Retail Stores Inc. CBS Satellite News Inc. CBS Services Inc. Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Germany Netherlands United Kingdom Delaware Netherlands United Kingdom Australia Italy Japan Delaware New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California New York Delaware Netherlands Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name CBS Shopping Inc. CBS Sports Inc. CBS Stages Canada Co. CBS Stations Group of Texas LLC CBS Stock Holdings I Inc. CBS Studios Distribution UK Limited CBS Studios Inc. CBS Studios Networks Inc. CBS Studios Overseas Productions Inc. CBS Studios Productions LLC CBS Subsidiary Management Corp. CBS Survivor Productions, Inc. CBS Technology Corporation CBS Television Licenses LLC CBS Television Service Inc. CBS Television Stations Inc. CBS Temp Services Inc. CBS TVG Inc. CBS UAC Corporation CBS UK CBS UK Channels Limited CBS UK Finance LP CBS UK Productions Limited CBS World Wide Ltd. CBS Worldwide Distribution Inc. CBS/CTS Airport Network Inc. CBS/CTS Inc. CBS/Westinghouse of PA Inc. CBS-CSI International B.V. CBS-Lux Holding LLC CBS–Sac Music Inc. CBT Sports, LLC CC Direct Inc. CCG Ventures, Inc. Central Productions LLC Centurion Satellite Broadcast Inc. Championship Productions Inc. Channel 28 Television Station, Inc. Channel 34 Television Station LLC Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited Channel Services GmbH Channel Services Holdings B.V. Charter Crude Oil Company Charter Futures Trading Company Charter Media Company Charter Oil (Bahamas) Limited Charter Oil Company Place of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Delaware Canada (Nova Scotia) Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Switzerland Netherlands Texas Texas Delaware Bahamas Florida Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Charter Oil Services, Inc. Charter Oil Specialties Limited Chartreuse Pty Limited Chazo Productions Inc. Chuanmei Information Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Cinematic Arts B.V. CIOC LLC CIOC Remediation Trust CJD, LLC Classless Inc. Clicker Media Inc. Cloverleaf Productions Inc. CMT Productions Inc. CN Pilot Productions Inc. CNET Investments, Inc. Columbia Broadcasting System (Barbados) SRL Columbia Broadcasting System Holdings UK Limited Columbia Broadcasting System International (Barbados) SRL Columbia Television, Inc. Columbus Circle Films LLC Comanche Moon Productions Inc. Comedy Partners Comicbook.com, LLC Commerce Street Productions Inc. Commissioner.com, Inc. Compelling Music LLC Concord Entertainment Inc. Consolidated Caguas Corporation Country Music Television, Inc. Country Network Enterprises, Inc. Country Services Inc. country.com, Inc. Cradle of Life Productions LLC Creative Mix Inc. Cross Step Productions Inc. CSTV Networks, Inc. CSTV Online, Inc. CSTV Regional, LLC CSTV-A, LLC CSTV-B, LLC CVV (Japan) B.V. DABL Network LLC Danger Productions Inc. Danielle Productions LLC Danni Productions LLC Davis Circle Productions Inc. Daza Productions Inc. Texas Bahamas Australia Delaware China Netherlands Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Barbados United Kingdom Barbados New York Delaware New Mexico New York Tennessee Delaware New York California Delaware Delaware Tennessee Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Louisiana Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name DEAD X, LLC Delaware Resource Beneficiary, Inc. Delaware Resource Lessee Trust Delaware Resource Management, Inc. Desilu Productions Inc. Detroit Television Station WKBD Inc. DIGICO Inc. Digital Video Ops Inc. Direct Court Productions, Inc. DM Holding Inc. DMS Holdco Inc. Dotspotter Inc. DT Investor Inc. DTE Films LLC Dutchess Resource Management, Inc. DW (Netherlands) B.V. DW Distribution L.L.C. DW Dramatic Television L.L.C. DW Films L.L.C. DW Finance L.L.C. DW Funding, LLC DW Holdco LLC DW International Distribution L.L.C. DW International Productions L.L.C. DW Internet L.L.C. DW Music Publishing L.L.C. DW Music Publishing Nashville L.L.C. DW One Corp. DW Project Development L.L.C. DW SKG TV L.L.C. DW Studios L.L.C. DW Studios Productions L.L.C. DW Television Animation L.L.C. DW Television L.L.C. DW TV Finance I L.L.C. DW Two Corp. DWTT Productions Limited Dynamic Soap, Inc. Eagle Direct, Inc. Eighth Century Corporation Elevate Productions Inc. Elevenco Pty Limited ELIANIMAL, LLC Elite Productions Inc. Elysium Productions Inc. Emily Productions LLC Energy Development Associates Inc. Place of Incorporation or Organization California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Virginia Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware New Zealand California Delaware Delaware Delaware Australia California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization ENFISUR S.A. EPI Music LLC Erica Film Productions, Inc. ET Media Group Inc. Evergreen Programs LLC EWB Corporation Express Lane Productions Inc. Eye Animation Productions Inc. Eye Creative Media Group Inc. Eye Explorations Inc. Eye Podcast Productions Inc. Eye Productions Inc. Failure To Launch Productions LLC Fall, LLC Famous Orange Productions Inc. Famous Players International B.V. Famous Players Investments B.V. Festival Inc. FHT Media Holdings LLC Fifty-Sixth Century Antrim Iron Company, Inc. Film Intex Corporation Films Paramount SARL Films Ventures (Fiji) Inc. First Cut Productions Inc. First Hotel Investment Corporation Forty-Fourth Century Corporation Four Crowns, Inc. French Street Management LLC Front Street Management Inc. Futa B.V. Future General Corporation G&W Leasing Company G&W Natural Resources Company, Inc. Game One SAS Games Animation Inc. Games Exchange Inc. Games Productions Inc. Gateway Fleet Company Gazella New Media Experience LP GC Productions Inc. GFB Productions Inc. Gladiator Productions L.L.C. Glendale Property Corp. Global Film Distributors B.V. Glory Productions Inc. Gloucester Titanium Company, Inc. GNS Productions Inc. Argentina California California Delaware New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Louisiana California Delaware Netherlands Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware France Delaware Canada (B.C.) Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware France Delaware Delaware Delaware Pennsylvania Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization GolfWeb Gorgen, Inc. Government Issue LLC Gower Avenue Films Limited Grace Productions LLC Grad Night, LLC Grammar Productions Inc. Gramofair Inc. Grand Bahama Petroleum Company Limited Grande Alliance Co. Ltd. Granite Productions Inc. Granville Canadian Productions Inc. Granville LA LLC Granville Pictures Inc. Gravity Productions Inc. Green Tiger Press, Inc. Group W Television Stations, L.P. Guidance, LLC Gulf & Western do Brazil Industria e Comercio Limitada (in liquidation) Gulf & Western Indonesia, Inc. Gulf & Western Limited H R Acquisition Corp. Hamilton Projects, Inc. Hard Caliche LLC Hey Yeah Productions Inc. High Command Productions Limited House of Yes Productions Inc. Hudson Street Productions, Inc. HUSD, LLC Image Edit, Inc. Imagine Radio, Inc. IMR Acquisition Corp. Inside Edition Inc. Interstitial Programs Inc. Invisions Holding B.V. Irvine Games Inc. Irvine Games USA Inc. Joseph Productions Inc. Jumbo Ticket Songs Inc. Jupiter Spring Productions Limited Just U Productions, Inc. K.W. M., Inc. KAPCAN1 Productions Inc. Katled Systems Inc. Kilo Mining Corporation King Street Productions Inc. King World Corporation California California Louisiana United Kingdom Delaware California Delaware Delaware Bahamas Cayman Islands California Canada (Ontario) Louisiana Delaware Canada (B.C.) California Delaware California Brazil Delaware Bahamas Delaware New York New Mexico Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware California Delaware California Delaware New York Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom California Delaware Canada (B.C.) Delaware Pennsylvania Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name King World Development Inc. King World Direct Inc. King World Media Sales Inc. King World Merchandising, Inc. King World Productions, Inc. King World Studios West Inc. King World/CC Inc. Kristina Productions Inc. KUTV Holdings, Inc. KVMM LLC KW Development Inc. KWP Studios Inc. KWP/RR Inc. KWTS Productions Inc. Ladies Man Productions USA Inc. Large Ticket Songs Inc. Last Holiday Productions LLC Last.FM Acquisition Limited Last.FM Limited Late Night Cartoons Inc. Laurel Entertainment LLC LAXG, LLC Light Meter, LLC Liliana Productions Inc. Linbaba’s Story Pty Ltd Lincoln Point Productions Inc. Lisarb Holding B.V. List Productions, LLC Little Boston Company Inc. Long Branch Productions LLC Long Road Productions Los Angeles Television Station KCAL LLC Louisiana CMT LLC Louisiana RPI LLC Low Key Productions Inc. LS Productions Inc. LT Holdings Inc. M4Mobile, LLC Maarten Investerings Partnership MAD MOMS, LLC MAD Production Trucking Company Magic Molehill Productions, Inc. Magical Jade Productions Inc. Magical Motion Pictures Inc. Magicam, Inc. Marathon Holdings Inc. Mars Interactive Games Ltd. Place of Incorporation or Organization California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California New York Delaware Delaware Delaware California California New York California Delaware Delaware Louisiana United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware Delaware California California Delaware Australia Delaware Netherlands California Delaware Louisiana Illinois Delaware Louisiana Louisiana Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware California New York California Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Israel Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Matlock Company, The Mattalex LLC Mattalex Two LLC Mayday Productions Inc. MDP Productions, LLC MDR, LLC Meadowland Parkway Associates Melange Pictures LLC Melrose Productions Inc. Meredith Productions LLC Merlot Film Productions, Inc. Merritt Inc. Miami Television Station WBFS Inc. Michaela Productions Inc. MMA Holdco Inc. MonkeyWurks LLC MoonMan Productions Inc. 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Nickelodeon Brasil Inc. Nickelodeon Direct Inc. Nickelodeon Global Network Ventures Inc. Nickelodeon Huggings U.K. Limited Nickelodeon India Pvt Ltd Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Federal) Delaware Delaware Delaware Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Delaware Delaware Delaware Cayman Islands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Bahamas Delaware Delaware Illinois Delaware Delaware Singapore Australia Delaware Australia Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom India Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Nickelodeon International Limited Nickelodeon Magazines Inc. Nickelodeon Movies Inc. Nickelodeon Notes Inc. Nickelodeon Online Inc. Nickelodeon U.K. Limited Nickelodeon UK Holdings LLC Nickelodeon Virtual Worlds LLC Nicki Film Productions, Inc. Night Falls Productions Inc. NM Classics Inc. Noggin LLC North Shore Productions Inc. 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Paramount Pictures NZ Paramount Pictures Services UK Paramount Pictures UK Paramount Poland sp. z.o.o. Paramount Production Support Inc. Paramount Productions Service Corporation Paramount Spain S.L.U. Paramount Sweden AB Paramount Worldwide Productions Inc. ParaUSD Singapore Pte. Ltd. Park Court Productions, Inc. Part-Time Productions Inc. Paws, Incorporated PC Home Cayman Ltd. Italy Mexico Mexico United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Delaware Netherlands Japan Delaware Argentina Delaware China Spain Delaware Delaware Taiwan Australia Brazil Delaware Canada (Ontario) Canada (B.C.) France Germany Hong Kong United Kingdom Louisiana Louisiana Louisiana Mexico New Zealand United Kingdom United Kingdom Poland Delaware Delaware Spain Sweden Delaware Singapore Delaware Delaware Indiana Cayman Islands Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization PCCGW Company, Inc. PCI Canada Inc. PCI Network Partner II Inc. PCI Network Partner Inc. Peanut Worm Productions Inc. Pen Productions, LLC Peppercorn Productions, Inc. Permutation Productions Inc. Pet II Productions Inc. Philadelphia Television Station WPSG Inc. Pittsburgh Television Station WPCW Inc. Pluto Inc. Pluto TV Europe GmbH PMV Productions, Inc. Pocket Books of Canada, Ltd. Pop Channel Productions Inc. Pop Culture Productions Inc. Pop Media Group, LLC Pop Media Networks, LLC Pop Media Productions, LLC Pop Media Properties, LLC Pop Media Services, LLC Pop Music, LLC Pop Toons Inc. Porta dos Fundos Produtora e Distribuidora Audiovisual S.A. Possible Productions Inc. Possum Point Incorporated Pottle Productions, Inc. PPC Film Management GmbH PPG Holding 5 B.V. PPG Holding 95 B.V. Premiere House, Inc. Preye, Inc. Prime Directive Productions Inc. Project Drew, LLC Promo Post Productions Ltd Prospect Company Ltd. Proxy Music LLC Quemahoning Coal Processing Company R.G.L. Realty Limited Radford Studio Center Inc. Raquel Productions Inc. Real TV Music Inc. Recovery Ventures Inc. Red Devs LLC RED MIRROR, LLC Remote Productions Inc. Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Tennessee Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Germany Delaware Canada (Federal) Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Brazil Delaware Delaware California Germany Netherlands Netherlands Delaware California Delaware California Israel Cayman Islands California Pennsylvania United Kingdom California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Republic Distribution LLC Republic Entertainment LLC Republic Pictures Corporation of Canada Ltd. Republic Pictures Enterprises LLC Republic Pictures Productions LLC RH Productions Inc. Rosy Haze Productions Pty Limited RTV News Inc. RTV News Music Inc. Sacramento Television Stations Inc. Sagia Productions Inc. Salton Sea Songs LLC Salvation Productions Inc. Sammarnick Insurance Corporation San Francisco Television Station KBCW Inc. Saucon Valley Iron and Railroad Company, The SBX Acquisition Corp. Scott-Mattson Farms, Inc. Screenlife Licensing, LLC Screenlife, LLC See Yourself Productions Inc. Servicios Para Empresas de Entretenimiento, S. de R.L. de C.V. SF Films Inc. SFI Song Company SFPG LLC Shamayim Content & Productions Ltd. SHAUNTENT, LLC Ship House, Inc. SHOtunes Music LLC Shovel Buddies, LLC Show Pants LLC Show Works Productions Inc. Showtime Canada ULC Showtime Digital Inc. Showtime Distribution B.V. Showtime Live Entertainment Inc. Showtime Marketing Inc. Showtime Melodies Inc. Showtime Networks Inc. Showtime Networks Inc. (U.K.) Showtime Networks Satellite Programming Company Showtime Online Inc. Showtime Pictures Development Company Showtime Satellite Networks Inc. Showtime Songs Inc. Showtime/Sundance Holding Company Inc. SIFO One Inc. Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware California California Australia Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Canada (B.C.) New York Virginia Pennsylvania Delaware Florida Nevada Washington Delaware Mexico Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Israel California Florida Delaware California Delaware Delaware Canada (Alberta) Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization SIFO Two Inc. Simon & Schuster (Australia) Pty. Limited Simon & Schuster (UK) Limited Simon & Schuster Digital Sales Inc. Simon & Schuster Global Services Inc. Simon & Schuster India LLC Simon & Schuster International Inc. Simon & Schuster of Canada (1976) Ltd. Simon & Schuster Publishers India Private Limited Simon & Schuster, Inc. SKG Louisiana L.L.C. SKG Music L.L.C. SKG Music Nashville Inc. SKG Music Publishing L.L.C. SKG Productions L.L.C. SKG Studios Canada Inc. SN Digital LLC SNI/SI Networks L.L.C SnowGlobe LLC Soapmusic Company Social Project LLC Solar Service Company SongFair Inc. South Park Digital Studios LLC Spelling Daytime Songs Inc. Spelling Daytime Television Inc. Spelling Entertainment Group LLC Spelling Entertainment LLC Spelling Films Inc. Spelling Films Music Inc. Spelling Pictures Inc. Spelling Satellite Networks Inc. Spelling Television (Canada) Inc. Spelling Television Inc. Spelling Television Quebec Inc. Spike Cable Networks Inc. Spike Digital Entertainment LLC SportsLine.com, Inc. Springy Productions Pty. Limited St. Francis Ltd. St. Ives Company Ltd. STAND IN, L.L.C. Starfish Productions Inc. Stargate Acquisition Corp. One Stat Crew Software, Inc. Stepdude Productions LLC Stranglehold Productions, Inc. Delaware Australia United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Federal) India New York Louisiana Delaware Delaware Delaware Louisiana Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Canada (Ontario) Delaware Canada (Federal) Delaware Delaware Delaware Australia Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Louisiana Florida Delaware Ohio Louisiana California Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Streak Productions Inc. Stuart Street, LLC Study Hall Films Inc. Sunday Best, LLC Sunset Beach Productions, Inc. Superstar Productions USA Inc. SURRENDER, LLC Survivor Productions, LLC Swift Justice Productions Inc. T&R Payroll Company Talent Court Productions, Inc. TAM 3, LLC TATB, LLC Taylor Forge Memphis, Inc. TB Productions Inc. TDI Worldwide Investments Inc. Television & Telecasters (Properties) Pty Limited Televisión Federal S.A. Television Station KTXA Inc. Television Station WTCN LLC Tele-Vu Ltee. Ten Employee Share Purchase Plans Pty Limited Ten Network Holdings Pty Limited Ten Online Pty Limited Ten Ventures Pty Limited Tentpole Productions, LLC TEVEFE COMERCIALIZACIÓN S.A. TG Film, LLC The Box Italy LLC The Box Worldwide LLC The CW Television Stations Inc. The Gramps Company Inc. The Late Show Inc. The Love Sickness, LLC The MTVi Group, Inc. The Paramount UK Partnership The Ten Group Pty Limited Thespians, LLC They Productions Inc. Things of the Wild Songs Inc. Thinner Productions, Inc. Third Century Company Thirteenth Century Corporation Thirtieth Century Corporation Thunder, Inc. Timber Purchase Company Timeline Films Inc. Canada (Ontario) California Delaware Louisiana Delaware Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California California Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Australia Argentina Virginia Delaware Canada (Federal) Australia Australia Australia Australia California Argentina California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware United Kingdom Australia California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Florida Canada (Ontario) Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization TMI International B.V. TNN Classic Sessions, Inc. TNN Productions, Inc. Toe-to-Toe Productions Inc. Torand Payroll Company Torand Productions Inc. Total Warehouse Services Corporation Trans-American Resources, Inc. TSM Services Inc. TSM, LLC Tube Mill, Inc. Tunes by Nickelodeon Inc. Turnip Productions LLC TV Scoop Inc. Twofer, LLC UE Site Acquisition LLC Ultra Productions Inc. Untitled Productions II LLC Untitled Science LLC UPN (general partnership) UPN Holding Company, Inc. UPN Properties, Inc. Uptown Productions Inc. Ureal Productions Inc. URGE PrePaid Cards Inc. VBC Pilot Productions Inc. VDS, LLC VE Development Company VE Drive Inc. VE Television Inc. VGS Management Services Inc. VI Services Corporation Viacom (Deutschland) Beteiligungen GmbH Viacom Alto Finance C.V. Viacom Alto Overseas C.V. Viacom Animation of Korea Inc. Viacom Asia (Beijing) Advertising and Media Co. Ltd. Viacom Asia Inc. Viacom ATV Inc. Viacom August Songs Inc. Viacom Blue Sky Inc. Viacom Brand Solutions Limited Viacom Caledonia LP Viacom Camden Lock Inc. Viacom Camden Lock Limited Viacom Canadian Productions Holdings Inc. Viacom Capital LLC Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Alabama Delaware Delaware Delaware California Delaware Canada (Ontario) Delaware Delaware Delaware California California Delaware Delaware Virginia Canada (B.C.) California Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Germany Netherlands Netherlands Delaware China Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom United Kingdom Delaware United Kingdom Canada (Ontario) Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Viacom Digital Studios LLC Viacom Domains Limited Viacom Finance B.V. Viacom Galaxy Tunes Inc. Viacom Genesis Music Inc. Viacom Global Limited Viacom Global Services Inc. Viacom Hearty Ha!Ha! LLC Viacom Holdings Germany LLC Viacom Holdings Italia S.r.l. Viacom Interactive Limited Viacom International Administration Inc. Viacom International Film Finance Holdings Limited Viacom International Film Finance Limited Viacom International Hungary Kft. Viacom International Inc. Viacom International Inc. Political Action Committee Corporation Viacom International Media Networks (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Viacom International Media Networks Africa (Pty) Limited Viacom International Media Networks España, S.L. Viacom International Media Networks Italia S.r.l. Viacom International Media Networks Middle East FZ-LLC Viacom International Media Networks Nigeria Limited Viacom International Media Networks U.K. Limited Viacom International Services Inc. Viacom International Studios Inc. Viacom Limited Viacom Limited Viacom Media Argentina S.A. Viacom Music Touring Inc. Viacom Netherlands Coöperatief U.A. Viacom Netherlands Management LLC Viacom Networks Brasil Programacao Televisiva E Publicidade Ltda. Viacom Networks Europe Inc. Viacom Networks Italia Limited Viacom Networks Japan G.K Viacom Networks Japan K.K. Viacom Notes Inc. Viacom Origins Inc. Viacom Overseas Holdings C.V. Viacom Realty Corporation Viacom RMP International LLC Viacom RMP LLC Viacom SG Inc. Viacom Songs Inc. Viacom Special Events LLC Viacom Sterling Finance C.V. Delaware Canada (B.C.) Netherlands Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Delaware Italy United Kingdom Delaware Jersey Jersey Hungary Delaware New York Malaysia South Africa Spain Italy United Arab Emirates Nigeria United Kingdom Delaware Delaware New Zealand United Kingdom Argentina Delaware Netherlands Delaware Brazil Delaware United Kingdom Japan Japan Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Netherlands Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization Viacom Subsidiary Management Corp. Viacom Telecommunications LLC Viacom Theater Inc. Viacom TN Inc. Viacom Treasury (UK) Limited Viacom Tunes Inc. Viacom TV Investco Inc. Viacom Ventures B.V. Viacom Ventures Inc. ViacomCBS Blockchain Partner Inc. ViacomCBS Digital DTC International LLC ViacomCBS Integration Holdings LLC ViacomCBS Interactive Holdings Limited ViacomCBS International Distribution Inc. ViacomCBS Networks International Czech s.r.o ViacomCBS Realty Corporation VidCon International LLC VidCon LLC Vidoo Video Solutions Ltd. VIMN Advertising and Brand Solutions S.r.l. VIMN Argentina Limited VIMN Australia Pty Limited VIMN Belgium BvbA VIMN Brasil Participações Ltda. VIMN CP Services (UK) Limited VIMN CP Services, ULC VIMN CP Serviços (Brasil) Ltda. VIMN Finance Holding (UK) Ltd VIMN Finance Jersey Limited VIMN Germany GmbH VIMN Netherlands B.V. VIMN Netherlands Holding B.V. VIMN Nordic AB VIMN Poland sp. z o.o. VIMN Polska B.V. VIMN Russia C.V. VIMN Singapore Pte. Ltd. VIMN Switzerland AG Viper Productions Inc. VISI Services Inc. Visions Productions, Inc. VIVA Media GmbH VJK Inc. VMN Digital Inc. VMN Noord LLC VNM Inc. VP Direct Inc. Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Delaware Netherlands Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Czech Republic Delaware Montana Delaware Israel Italy United Kingdom Australia Belgium Brazil United Kingdom Canada (B.C.) Brazil United Kingdom Jersey Germany Netherlands Netherlands Sweden Poland Netherlands Netherlands Singapore Switzerland Canada (B.C.) Delaware New York Germany Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Place of Incorporation or Organization VP Programs Inc. VPix Inc. VSC Compositions LLC VSC Music LLC Waste Resource Energy, Inc. WBCE Corp. WCC FSC I, Inc. WCC Project Corp. Westgate Pictures Inc. Westinghouse Aircraft Leasing Inc. Westinghouse Asia Pacific Limited Westinghouse Asset Management Inc. Westinghouse Canada Holdings L.L.C. Westinghouse CBS Holding Company, Inc. Westinghouse Electric (Ningbo) Company, Ltd. Westinghouse Electric Corporation Westinghouse Environmental Management Company of Ohio, Inc. Westinghouse Hanford Company Westinghouse Holdings Corporation Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Company, Inc. Westinghouse International Holding UK Limited Westinghouse Investment Corporation Westinghouse Licensing Corporation Westinghouse Reinvestment Company, L.L.C. Westinghouse World Investment Corporation White Mountain Productions Limited WhoSay, Inc. Wildness, LLC Wilshire Court Productions LLC Wilshire Entertainment Inc. Wilshire/Hauser Company Woburn Insurance Ltd. Wordsmith, LLC World Sports Enterprises World Volleyball League, Inc. Worldvision Enterprises (France) SARL Worldvision Enterprises (United Kingdom) Ltd. Worldvision Enterprises de Venezuela Worldvision Enterprises Latino-Americana, S.A. Worldvision Enterprises LLC Worldvision Enterprises of Canada, Limited Worldvision Filmes do Brasil, Ltda. Worldvision Home Video LLC Worldwide Productions, Inc. WPIC Corporation WT Animal Music Inc. WT Productions Inc. California Delaware New York New York Delaware New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Hong Kong Delaware Delaware Delaware China Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware Pennsylvania Delaware Delaware United Kingdom Delaware California Delaware Delaware Delaware Bermuda California Tennessee New York France New York Venezuela Panama New York New York Brazil New York Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Subsidiary Name Wuthering Heights, CA Productions Inc. WVI Films B.V. Yellams Yellowstone Finance LLC York Resource Energy Systems, Inc. Young Reader’s Press, Inc. YP Productions Inc. Zarina 99 Vermogensverwaltungs GmbH ZDE, LLC Zoe Interactive Ltd. Zoo Films LLC Zukor LLC Place of Incorporation or Organization Delaware Netherlands Cayman Islands Delaware Delaware Delaware Canada (Ontario) Germany California Israel Delaware Delaware Exhibit 23(a) CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-237426) and on Forms S-8 (No. 333-55346, No. 333-82422, No. 333-164441, No. 333-192673, No. 333-198455, No. 333-204282, No. 333-234238, No. 333-235366, No. 333-235365 and No. 333-235364) of ViacomCBS Inc. of our report dated February 24, 2021 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 24, 2021 Exhibit 24 VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Candace K. Beinecke Candace K. Beinecke VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Barbara M. Byrne Barbara M. Byrne VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 18 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Brian Goldner Brian Goldner VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 17 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Linda M. Griego Linda M. Griego VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Robert N. Klieger Robert N. Klieger VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Judith A. McHale Judith A. McHale VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 18 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Ronald L. Nelson Ronald L. Nelson VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 22 day of February, 2021. nd /s/ Charles E. Phillips, Jr. Charles E. Phillips, Jr. VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 24 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Shari Redstone Shari Redstone VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Susan Schuman Susan Schuman VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for her and in her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Nicole Seligman Nicole Seligman VIACOMCBS INC. Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that the undersigned director of VIACOMCBS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby constitutes and appoints Christa A. D’Alimonte to be his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign or cause to be signed electronically the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, and any amendments thereto, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in- fact and agent, or her substitute or substitutes, shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name this 19 day of February, 2021. th /s/ Frederick O. Terrell Frederick O. Terrell Exhibit 31(a) CERTIFICATION I, Robert M. Bakish, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 24, 2021 /s/ Robert M. Bakish Robert M. Bakish President and Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 31(b) CERTIFICATION I, Naveen Chopra, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of ViacomCBS Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 24, 2021 /s/ Naveen Chopra Naveen Chopra Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32(a) In connection with the Annual Report of ViacomCBS Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Robert M. Bakish, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify that to my knowledge: 1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Robert M. Bakish Robert M. Bakish February 24, 2021 Exhibit 32(b) Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of ViacomCBS Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ”Report”), I, Naveen Chopra, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify that to my knowledge: 1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /s/ Naveen Chopra Naveen Chopra February 24, 2021 

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