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Pitney Bowes

pbi · NYSE Industrials
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Ticker pbi
Exchange NYSE
Sector Industrials
Industry Integrated Freight & Logistics
Employees 10,000+
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FY2016 Annual Report · Pitney Bowes
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Poised  
for Growth

How we’re transforming Pitney Bowes 
and building a platform for delivering 
value in the 21st century

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

 
 
In 2016, Pitney Bowes continued to set the stage  
for long-term growth. In a challenging year, we 
nevertheless succeeded in passing key milestones  
in our transformation:

1.   Launched the Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud, 

which is the foundation for all of our products and 
solutions, adding digital capabilities and web-
based solutions that span all of our businesses

2.   Introduced several SaaS-based products and 
solutions as we continued to reinvent our  
mailing business

3.   Expanded our partner channels to drive growth  

in our software business

4.   Continued to expand the reach, scale and volume  

of our Global Ecommerce platform

5.   Deployed an integrated enterprise business 

platform that enhances operating efficiencies, 
delivers innovative products and solutions and 
facilitates a digital relationship with clients

6.   Launched our first television advertising  

campaign in 20 years, which raised the awareness  
of Pitney Bowes and our transformation to  
lead global commerce

(right) 
Marc B. Lautenbach
President and Chief 
Executive Offi  cer

(left)
Michael Monahan
Executive Vice President 
and Chief Operating Offi  cer 

Fellow shareholders:

As we look forward from 2016, the best way to describe where 
our company is today is “Poised for Growth .”  The transformation 
of Pitney Bowes — the hard work we are doing to deliver value 
to all of our stakeholders — is still a work in progress. But we 
are well along the path we charted four years ago, and ready to 
capitalize on the progress we have made during that time.

To be plainspoken, we were disappointed with our fi nancial results in 2016. Our mailing business 

in North America was hurt by disruptions from our new enterprise business platform. This platform 

represents a complete modernization of our business processes and the accompanying technologies. 

It is a profound change in how we do business, and critical for our company going forward. But 

change of this magnitude is rarely made without short-term disruptions. 

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Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016 1

Letter to Shareholders

In our software business, we made progress 

our strategic agenda. Our core strategy remains 

building relationships with new partners, but our 

the same since 2013 — stabilize/reinvent our 

direct sales were disappointing. While we continue 

mailing business, achieve operational excellence 

to have a “blue chip” list of clients, we have had 

and grow our digital commerce business.

diffi  culty selling outside of our existing installed 

base. Clearly, this reinforces the necessity of 

creating a partner ecosystem that can help take 

our best-of-class products and capabilities to 

new clients and new markets.

In our core mailing business, we began the 

important work of reinvention. We are moving 

from a 20th century platform to a 21st century 

form factor that digitally connects our clients to 

a whole new series of applications and value. 

As I refl ect on the year, I walk away with a series 

In essence, we are transforming a single, 

of lessons. The fi rst is that, while change is a 

monolithic, analog application into a digitally-

necessary ingredient of transformation, it is also 

connected set of software as a service applications 

always diffi  cult. Change is disruptive and inevitably 

through a single device. Our introduction of the 

creates more challenges than you anticipate. 

Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud in April 2016 

Second, and a related point, you need to be 

is a key component of this vision. 

conservative in your judgments about how quickly 

change can be incorporated into large enterprises. 

Finally, while change is diffi  cult, it is critical to our 

ability to succeed in the 21st century. Moving 

from direct channels to new partners, and 

leveraging new digital channels, is critical to our 

future. Likewise, if we are going to be a truly digital, 

contemporary enterprise in the future, there is 

little choice but to modernize our business 

processes and technology. Simply said, it is 

impossible to be a modern enterprise with multiple 

customer relationship management systems 

and dozens of general ledger systems. 

Achieving Strategic Milestones

Despite our fi nancial performance in 2016, we 

were very encouraged by our progress against 

The Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud greatly 

enhances our client relationships because it 

simplifi es and digitizes those relationships. Clients 

have easy access to a full range of solutions and 

analytics remotely, whether through personal 

computers, mobile devices, connected meters or 

customized application programming interfaces 

(APIs). What’s more, the Pitney Bowes Commerce 

Cloud has accelerated development and 

deployment of physical and digital off erings that 

leverage the industrial Internet of Things (IoT). 

For example, products that gather information from 

sensors on production mail machines, leverage 

cloud-based analytics and automate a wide range 

of tasks — from machine optimization to the 

ordering of supplies to predictive analytics — can 

also trigger required maintenance and greatly 

reduce unplanned downtime. 

2 

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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Opening up New Possibilities for Pitney Bowes

 “Our new go-to-market approach 
is driving growth, innovation and 
usiness 
successful business 
r 
outcomes for 
our clients.” 

Mark Taylor
Senior Vice President, 
Software Channels

One mission is to get our solutions into the hands 
of more clients by expanding our channel network 
to include high-impact partners, specifi cally global 
and regional Systems Integrators (SIs). We started 
with a culture shift — changing the way everyone 
thought about SIs. Once our teams began to work 
with our new partners, several benefi ts occurred: 
Partners started to innovate with our products in 
ways we had not intended. Clients’ problems 
became solvable at a greater scale. Creativity was 
energized across the organization, and our selling 
teams have proven that expanding our channel 
network is an imperative for growth.

Reinventing Mailing through the User Experience (UX)

I design client interaction experiences for our Global UX 
team — most recently, product installation for our SendPro™ 
300 solution. This is a digital meter that clients install in two 
steps — hardware cable attachment, followed by software 
setup — and we had to make sure clients felt confi dent and 
in control from start to fi nish. Getting this experience right 
from the moment they unpack a product is critical. That’s 
why, before anything is released, we test and refi ne based 
on client feedback; this ensures that installation is completely 
intuitive. The product ships with cling-fi lm that has clear 
instructions on the touch screen. It reassures users that a small 
delay in initial screen illumination is normal and helps them 
complete the confi guration so they can start experiencing 
the SendPro 300 solution’s value right away.

“You have to get the details right 
to make the client comfortable 
from the moment they encounter 
a product.”

n
Andy Grossman
Senior UX Interaction 
ction 
User 
Designer, Global User 
Experience

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Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

3

Letter to Shareholders

A Global Enterprise Business Platform 
for Client Success 

We’ve transformed our systems and processes 
to enable clients to engage and transact with us 
in a way they prefer, while managing and growing 
their own businesses more eff ectively. Our global 
enterprise business platform has a single focus: 
helping clients succeed. With this in mind, people 
from across Pitney Bowes created this new end-to-
end experience, which involves everything from new 
products to supply ordering to technical support, 
and everything in-between, including the ability 
to self-serve and optimize their relationship with us. 
Now, when clients engage with us, they experience 
a diff erent Pitney Bowes — one that shows what a 
century of innovation is really all about.

 “We’ve transformed the client 
experience end to end. The 
relationship is now the client’s 
that’s a 
to control — that’s a 
l shift.”
very powerful shift.”

Bill O’Dea
Impact Solutions 
Architect

In our ongoing push for operational excellence, 

progress in developing new channels with solution 

it is impossible to overstate the importance of our 

providers and Systems Integrators. These new 

new enterprise business platform. This platform 

channels will take our software solutions to new 

not only creates substantial effi  ciencies — more 

clients and new markets. Since we began this eff ort 

than $1 billion over the next decade — it also 

a few years ago, we eff ectively doubled our existing 

gives us the opportunity to create a whole new 

sales force by training more than 200 third-party 

client experience and enables many of our new 
products, including the SendPro™ solution. Our 

sales and technical people on our products and 

solutions. We are poised to take advantage of these 

SendPro family of off erings provides our clients with 

new resources in 2017. 

the capability to send packages through multiple 

carriers from the same hardware device or software 

application that they use to send letters.

Our Global Ecommerce business remains one of 

the most compelling opportunities I have witnessed 

in my nearly three decades in the technology 

In terms of growing our Digital Commerce Solutions 

business. Our momentum in this business continued 

business for the future, we did make signifi cant 

to accelerate in 2016, and we closed the year with 

4 

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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Leveraging the Industrial Internet of Things through 
the Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud

 “We’re using technology to drive machine productivity — 
and clients see the diff erence in their bottom line.”

I help to lead the digital transformation of our production mail business — 
an exciting opportunity, because production mail has always been a hardware-
driven business. Our machines produce customer bills and statements for 
fi nancial, insurance and telecommunications companies. There is an intense 
focus on security, speed, accuracy and precision, and success is measured in 
tenths of pennies and fractions of seconds. Right now, we’re leveraging GE’s 
Predix IoT platform to connect sensors, machine data and analysis, enabling us 
to quickly see problems and help signifi cantly improve print and mail operations. 
At one time, Pitney Bowes was selling machines. Now we’re not just selling 
machines — we’re selling productivity. 

Marie-Pierre Belanger
Vice President, Digital 
Solutions and Delivery, 
Pitney Bowes DMT

nearly 20 percent growth and no signs of slowing. 

Finally, while it doesn’t fi t neatly into any of our 

This market opportunity is worth billions of dollars, 

three strategic pillars — but will impact virtually 

and is growing at double-digit rates. 

everything we do — we launched an entirely new 

Today, our Global Ecommerce business enables 

millions of sellers on eBay to off er products to 

customers around the world. It also supports 

more than 250 major retailers, including some 

of the world’s most iconic brands. As a company, 

advertising campaign in 2016. The Craftsmen of 

Commerce campaign introduced a transforming 

Pitney Bowes to the world and was a powerful 

signal that our company intends to lead in the 

21st century. 

we are uniquely positioned to lead this market 

And our progress has not gone unnoticed in the 

because of an end-to-end value proposition 

industry. We are, for example, winning accolades 

that goes from demand generation through the 

for leadership in applying the Internet of Things 

management of logistics. It is important to note 

from leading-edge technology companies and 

that this business, too, is enabled by the Pitney 

highly-reputed analysts. A few short years ago, 

Bowes Commerce Cloud. 

this would have been unimaginable. 

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Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016 5

Letter to Shareholders

The Foundation of 
a Successful Business

Strategy  
& Vision

Brand 
 Identity

Capital
Allocation

Portfolio 
 Management

Enterprise 
 Business 
 Platform

Team

Products  
& Solutions

Channel

Ties That Bind

I am sometimes asked, “What is the relationship among 

these businesses?” Obviously, this has been a primary 

consideration as we have evaluated our portfolio. And, 

throughout our transformation, we have worked to ensure 

that our businesses can be advantaged by one another.

As we support the digital transformation of our clients, our 

software business enables us to provide key technologies 

and functionalities in all of our off erings. Our expertise 

in physical commerce is being leveraged to address the 

increased shipping needs of a global marketplace as well. 

We are combining our unique expertise, experience and 

technology in physical and digital commerce to provide new 

off erings and new value to clients in all of our markets.

To give one example, our Global Ecommerce business 

uses several key technologies developed in our other 

businesses, among them Instant Online Postage, single 

sign-on and our global carrier libraries. Without these 

technologies, we simply could not have grown our Global 

Ecommerce business as quickly as we have. Likewise, our 

mailing business and Global Ecommerce business both 

leverage the Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud. Of course, 

this isn’t to say that our businesses would not be 

successful outside of the portfolio — but that there are 

clear advantages of scale and capability that would not 

be achievable outside the Pitney Bowes family. 

In a world of short-term thinking, we have increased our 

spending in systems, brand and product development over 

the past several years. Clearly, it would have been easier 

to forgo these investments and optimize for short-term 

results, but equally clear, it would have been the absolute 

wrong decision for our long-term shareholders. 

6 

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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Connecting Clients and Consumers 
around the World

 “Every culture is 
unique — and 
shopping habits 
vary. When brands 
want to connect 
worldwide, we 
know how to make 
it happen.”

While ecommerce consumers in some countries 
prefer to shop through retailer sites, in countries 
such as China, an online marketplace like Tmall is 
a more common choice. This means that brands 
and retailers that want to reach global consumers 
need to meet consumers where they are — and our 
job at Pitney Bowes is to help ease the way. We make 
sure retailers have the right products for the specifi c 
marketplace and, once they’re active, we help 
optimize the experience. We think of our clients’ 
success as our own, so we work hard to make sure 
everything is right, and that the consumer journey 
is simple and seamless. 

Sarah Ward
Director, Growth 
ctor, Growth 
atives — 
Initiatives — 
bal Marketplace 
Global Marketplace 
elopments
Developments

Arisa Kuo
Director, Growth 
Initiatives — Marketplace 
and Global Marketing

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Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016 7

Letter to Shareholders

Erika Hohlweck
Executive Customer Service 
Manager, Pitney Bowes Presort 
)
Services (Milwaukee)

C. Leonard Jones
Vice President, Human 
Resources, Enterprise 
Business Solutions & 
Workforce Services, 
the Americas

A Winning Culture 

 “We work with a 
lot of people in 
a lot of places. 
Common values 
that span cultures 
make us a better 
team.”

We’re leading an initiative called Our Winning 
Formula, aimed at fostering a high-performance 
culture and guiding our interactions with clients, 
partners and colleagues. The formula is simple: 
Do the right thing, the right way; work as a team; 
treat each other with respect; take pride in our 
work; be friendly.

Our Presort Services team has over 4,000 
employees who speak 17 languages at more than 
30 U.S. locations. Through teambuilding, leadership 
exercises and professional development programs, 
we’re learning that our common values are 
so much greater than our diff erences, and it has 
greatly benefi ted our work environment and 
value we deliver for clients.

8

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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We have made good progress since we began 

possible without the incredible people at 

this transformation four years ago. In addition, 

Pitney Bowes — from the employees we depend 

we have reduced our expenses by almost 

on every day, at every level of the enterprise, 

$300 million, while substantially reducing our 

to the management team we’ve been able to 

Days Sales Outstanding and cutting our inventory 

draw from some of America’s best technology 

in half. We’ve done this, along with growing a 

companies. Thanks to the talent, leadership and 

new business, Global Ecommerce, from virtually 

determination of our people, we are poised to 

nothing to more than $400 million, with an 

take advantage of that work to turn it into 

annual increase of almost 20 percent. And, most 

success in the marketplace. 

importantly, we have created the conditions for 

long-term market success by investing in our 

products, our systems, our brand and our people. 

One last point: At Pitney Bowes, our goals are 

ambitious. Our intent is to go beyond being 

commercially successful and to be a great 

Of course, our progress has not been a straight 

21st century company that becomes a model 

line — transformations rarely are. They have 

for others, sustained and informed by enduring 

an arc: easy wins, followed by long-term 

values. Those values have guided everything 

initiatives, followed by the creation of long-term 

we have done, and will continue to do so. 

value. A shareholder who invested four years 

ago, at the beginning of our transformation, 

would have seen a total shareholder return 

of approximately 68 percent, which equates to 

an annualized return of more than 13 percent. 

To be sure, transformations are not for everyone. 

Not only do transformations require a lot of 

hard work, you also need a lot of patience and 

a little luck. Above all, you have to have resolve 

and confi dence in knowing that what you are 

doing will yield the result you are expecting. 

And when they do work, they create real and 

sustainable value. 

I am especially proud of the fact that we have 

accomplished a decade’s worth of work in less 

than half the time. This would not have been 

Marc B. Lautenbach

President and

Chief Executive Offi  cer

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Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

9

Summary of Selected Financial Data

For the year  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

As reported
Revenue 

Net Income 

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Depreciation and amortization 

Capital expenditures 

Dividends per share of common stock 
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding  
Total assets 

Total debt 

Stockholders’ (defi cit) equity 

Total employees 

As adjusted
EBIT   
Net income from continuing operations 

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations 

Free cash fl ow 

EBIT to interest 

2016 

2015 

2014

 $ 3,406,575 
92,805 
 $ 
 $ 
0.51 
 $  490,692 
 $  178,486 
 $  160,831 
 $ 
0.75 
188,975,198 
 $ 5,837,133 
 $ 3,364,890 
 $  (103,660) 
 14,200 

 $  631,090 
 $  317,402 
 $ 
1.68 
 $  429,674 
 4.4x 

$ 3,578,060 

$  407,943 

$ 

2.00 

$  515,056 

$  173,312 

$  166,746 

$ 

0.75 

200,944,874 

$ 6,123,132 

$ 2,950,668 

$  178,721 

14,837 

$  716,126 

$  351,726 

$ 

1.75 

$  456,474 

4.5x 

$ 3,821,504

$  333,755

$ 

1.47

$  658,288

$  198,088

$  183,318

$ 

0.75

203,961,446

$ 6,476,599

$ 3,228,903

$ 

77,259

15,159

$  730,944

$  387,414

$ 

1.90

$  571,386

4.3x

10 

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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Reconciliation of Reported Consolidated 
Results to Adjusted Results

For the year  
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

2016 

2015 

2014

Net Income 
Less: Preferred stock dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests 

 $  111,850 
 19,045 

$  426,318 
  18,375 

$ 352,130
  18,375

Net income — Pitney Bowes Inc. 

  Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax 
  Goodwill impairment 
  Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net 
  Loss (gain) on sale/disposition of businesses 
  Preferred stock redemption 
  Transaction costs related to acquisitions and dispositions 
  Acquisition/disposition related expenses 
  Legal settlement 

Investment divestiture 
  Extinguishment of debt 

Net income from continuing operations, as adjusted 
Preferred stock dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests, 

as adjusted 

Income from continuing operations after income taxes, as adjusted 
Provision for income taxes, as adjusted 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes, as adjusted 
Interest expense, net 

 92,805 
 2,701 
 169,024 
 42,343 
 3,893 
 6,430 
 206 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 317,402 

 15,415 

 332,817 
 154,062 

 486,879 
 144,211 

  407,943 
(5,271) 
— 
18,089 
(84,250) 
— 
11,475 
7,246 
4,250 
(7,756) 
— 

351,726 

18,375 

370,101 
  186,651 

556,752 
  159,374 

 333,755
(33,749)
—
59,349
—
—
—
—
—
(9,774)
37,833

387,414

  18,375

405,789
 155,705

561,494
 169,450

EBIT   

$ 

 631,090 

$  716,126 

$  730,944

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations, as reported 

 $ 

  Loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax 
  Goodwill impairment 
  Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net 
  Loss (gain) on sale/disposition of businesses 
  Preferred stock redemption 
  Transaction costs related to acquisitions and dispositions 
  Acquisition/disposition related expenses 
  Legal settlement 

Investment divestiture 
  Extinguishment of debt 

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations, as adjusted 

Net cash provided by operating activities, as reported 

  Capital expenditures 
  Restructuring payments 
  Pension contribution 
  Net tax and other payments (receipts) 
  Reserve account deposits 
  Acquisition/disposition related expenses 
  Tax payment related to sale of Imagitas 
  Cash transaction fees related to acquisitions and dispositions 
  Extinguishment of debt 

Free cash flow 

The sum of earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

0.51 
 0.01 
 0.89 
 0.22 
 0.02 
 0.03 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 
 — 

 $ 

1.68 

 $  490,692 
 (160,831) 
 64,930 
 36,731 
 — 
 (2,183) 
 — 
 — 
 335 
 — 

 $  429,674 

$ 

2.03 
(0.03) 
— 
0.09 
(0.42) 
— 
0.06 
0.04 
0.02 
(0.04) 
— 

$ 

1.75 

$  515,056 
(166,746) 
62,086 
— 
20,602 
(24,202) 
10,483 
21,224 
17,971 
— 

$  456,474 

$ 

1.64
(0.17)
—
0.29
—
—
—
—
—
(0.05)
0.19

$ 

1.90

$  658,288
(183,318)
56,162
—
(5,737)
(15,666)
—
—
—
  61,657

$  571,386

The Company’s fi nancial results are reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP); however, the Company uses certain non-GAAP measures such as 
adjusted earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), adjusted earnings per share, adjusted income from continuing operations and free cash fl ow to exclude the impact of special items like 
restructuring charges, tax adjustments, goodwill and asset write-downs and costs related to recent acquisitions and dispositions. While these are actual Company expenses, they can mask 
underlying trends associated with its business. Such items are often inconsistent in amount and frequency and as such, the adjustments allow an investor greater insight into the current 
underlying operating trends of the business.

Free cash fl ow provides investors insight into the amount of cash that management could have available for other discretionary uses. Free cash fl ow adjusts GAAP cash from operations 
for capital expenditures, restructuring payments, unusual tax settlements, contributions to the Company’s pension fund and cash used for other special items. 

The adjusted fi nancial information should not be construed as an alternative to our reported results determined in accordance with GAAP. Further, our defi nition of adjusted fi nancial 
measures may diff er from similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016 11

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Christoph Stehmann
Executive Vice President 
and President, 
Enterprise Solutions Group

Stanley J. Sutula III
Executive Vice President 
and Chief Financial Offi  cer

Johnna G. Torsone
Executive Vice President
and Chief Human Resources
Offi  cer

*As of February 1, 2017

Stockholders may visit the 
Pitney Bowes corporate governance 
website at www.pitneybowes.com 
under Our Company — Meet Our 
Leaders — Leadership & Governance 
for information concerning the 
Company’s governance practices, 
including the Governance Principles 
of the Board of Directors, charters 
of the committees of the board, 
the Company’s Business Practices 
Guidelines and the Directors’ Code 
of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Directors and Corporate Offi    cers*

Directors

Corporate Offi  cers

Marc B. Lautenbach
President and
Chief Executive Offi  cer

Daniel J. Goldstein
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Legal Offi  cer and 
Corporate Secretary

Steven J. Green
Vice President Finance
and Chief Accounting Offi  cer

Robert Guidotti
Executive Vice President
and President, Software Solutions

Abby F. Kohnstamm
Executive Vice President
and Chief Marketing Offi  cer

Michael Monahan
Executive Vice President 
and Chief Operating Offi  cer

Roger J. Pilc
Executive Vice President
and Chief Innovation Offi  cer

Debbie D. Salce
Vice President and Treasurer

Joseph Schmitt
Vice President
and Chief Information Offi  cer

Mark L. Shearer
Executive Vice President
and President, 
Global SMB Solutions

Lila Snyder
Executive Vice President 
and President, Global Ecommerce

Linda G. Alvarado
President and
Chief Executive Offi  cer,
Alvarado Construction, Inc.

Anne M. Busquet
Principal,
AMB Advisors, LLC

Roger Fradin
Retired Vice Chairman,
Honeywell International Inc.

Anne Sutherland Fuchs
Consultant

S. Douglas Hutcheson
Chief Executive Offi  cer,
Laser, Inc.

Marc B. Lautenbach
President and
Chief Executive Offi  cer,
Pitney Bowes Inc.

Eduardo R. Menascé
Co-Chairman,
The Taylor Companies

Michael I. Roth
Chairman and
Chief Executive Offi  cer,
The Interpublic Group of
Companies, Inc.
Non-Executive Chairman,
Pitney Bowes Inc.

Linda Sanford
Retired Senior Vice President, 
Enterprise Transformation, 
International Business Machines 
Corporation (IBM)

David L. Shedlarz
Retired Vice Chairman,
Pfi zer Inc.

David B. Snow, Jr.
Chairman and
Chief Executive Offi  cer,
Cedar Gate Technologies, Inc.

12 

Pitney Bowes Annual Report 2016

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 

Commission file number: 1-3579

PITNEY BOWES INC.

Incorporated in Delaware
3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926
(203) 356-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 06-0495050

Title of Each Class

Common Stock, $1 par value per share
$2.12 Convertible Cumulative Preference Stock (no par value)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  4% Convertible Cumulative Preferred Stock ($50 par value)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes 

   No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.   Yes 

No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing 
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes 

   No 

Indicate by check marks whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File 
required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files)   Yes 

   No 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, 
and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of 
this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  
See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 

Accelerated filer 

Non-accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes 

   No 

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $3.3 billion based on the 
closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

Number of shares of common stock, $1 par value, outstanding as of close of business on February 17, 2017:  186,399,332 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) no later than 120 days after our 
fiscal year end and to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 8, 2017, are incorporated by 
reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.

1

PITNEY BOWES INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Page Number

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Item 3.

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II
Item 5. Market for the Company's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 

Equity Securities

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.
Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

PART III

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 

Matters

Item 13. Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

Signatures

Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data

3

 9

12

12

12

12

12

15

16

33
33

33

34

34

35

35

35

35

35

36

38

39

2

 
 
 
 
 
PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual Report) contains statements that are forward-looking. We want to caution readers that any 
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 may change based on various factors. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions 
that are subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially. Words such as "estimate," "target," "project," "plan," 
"believe,"  "expect,"  "anticipate,"  "intend"  and  similar  expressions  may  identify  such  forward-looking  statements.  We  undertake  no 
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 
Factors which could cause future financial performance to differ materially from the expectations as expressed in any forward-looking 
statement made by or on our behalf include, without limitation:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

declining physical mail volumes 

competitive factors, including pricing pressures, technological developments and introduction of new products and services by 
competitors

our ability to fully utilize the new enterprise business platform in the United States and successfully implement it internationally 
without significant disruptions to existing operations

our success in developing new products and services, including digital-based products and services, obtaining regulatory approval 
if required, and the market’s acceptance of these new products and services

the success of our investment in rebranding the company to build market awareness and create new demand for our products, 
services and solutions

changes in postal or banking regulations

•  macroeconomic factors, including global and regional business conditions that adversely impact customer demand and foreign 

currency exchange rates

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

capital market disruptions or credit rating downgrades that adversely impact our ability to access capital markets at reasonable 
costs

changes in interest rates and fuel prices

the continued availability and security of key information systems and the cost to comply with information security requirements 
and privacy laws

a breach of security, including a cyberattack or other comparable event

third-party suppliers' ability to provide product components, assemblies or inventories

our success at managing the relationships with our outsource providers, including the costs of outsourcing functions and operations 
not central to our business 

the loss of some of our larger clients in the Global Ecommerce segment

integrating newly acquired businesses including operations and product and service offerings
intellectual property infringement claims
our success at managing customer credit risk 
significant changes in pension, health care and retiree medical costs 
income tax adjustments or other regulatory levies for prior audit years and changes in tax laws, rulings or regulations
a disruption of our businesses due to changes in international or national political conditions, including the use of the mail for 
transmitting harmful biological agents or other terrorist attacks
acts of nature 

Risks are more fully described under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report. 

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

General

Pitney Bowes Inc. (we, us, our, or the company), was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1920. We are a global technology company 
offering innovative products and solutions that help our clients navigate the complex world of commerce. We offer customer information 

3

management, location intelligence and customer engagement products and solutions to help our clients market to their customers, and 
shipping,  mailing,  and  cross  border  ecommerce  products  and  solutions  that  enable  the  sending  of  parcels  and  packages  across  the 
globe. Clients around the world rely on our products, solutions and services. For more information about us, our products, services and 
solutions, visit www.pb.com.

Our Strategy and Business Segments

Our business is organized around three distinct sets of solutions -- Small and Medium Business Solutions (SMB), Enterprise Business 
Solutions and Digital Commerce Solutions (DCS). 

Small and Medium Business Solutions

We are a global leader in providing a full range of equipment, software, supplies and services that enable our clients to efficiently create 
physical and digital mail, evidence postage and print shipping labels for the sending of mail, flats and parcels. We segment the SMB 
Solutions group between our North America operations, comprising the U.S. and Canadian businesses, and our International operations, 
comprising all other SMB businesses globally. We are a leading provider of mailing systems globally with about 1.2 million meters 
installed worldwide. We are also continuing to expand our business to include online offerings without a hardware component. This 
business is characterized by a high level of recurring revenue driven by rental, lease and loan arrangements, contract support services 
and supplies sales. 

Enterprise Business Solutions

Our Enterprise Business Solutions group includes equipment and services that enable large enterprises to process inbound and outbound 
mail. The Enterprise Business Solutions group includes our Production Mail operations and Presort Services operations.  

Production Mail

Our product and service offerings enable clients to integrate all areas of print and mail into an end-to-end production environment from 
message creation to dispatch while realizing cost savings on postage. The core products within this segment include high-speed, high-
volume inserting equipment, customized sortation products for mail and parcels and high-speed digital color printing systems that create 
high-value, relevant and timely communications targeted to our clients' customers.  In 2017, we expect to expand our cloud connectivity 
solutions currently available for our inserter equipment into our print and sortation machines.  

Presort Services

We are a national outsource provider of mail presort services for First-Class, Standard, flat and parcels in the U.S. and a workshare partner 
of the United States Postal Service (USPS). Our Presort Services network and fully-customized proprietary technology provides our 
clients with end-to-end solutions from pick up at their location to delivery into the postal system network. We process approximately 15 
billion pieces of mail annually through our network of operating centers throughout the Unites States and are able to expedite mail delivery 
and optimize postage savings for our clients. In 2016, we began offering sortation services for parcel mail and expect to expand this 
offering in 2017.  

Digital Commerce Solutions
Within the Digital Commerce Solutions group, we provide a broad range of solutions, including customer information management, 
location intelligence, customer engagement software and shipping management and cross border ecommerce solutions for businesses of 
all sizes. These solutions are delivered as traditional software licenses, enterprise platforms, software-as-a-service (SaaS) or on-demand 
applications. Our Digital Commerce Solutions group includes Software Solutions and Global Ecommerce. 

Software Solutions
Customer information management solutions help businesses harness and develop a deep and broad understanding of their customers 
and their context, such as location, relationships, propensity, sentiment and influence. The trusted data and associated insights allow our 
clients to deliver a personalized customer experience across multiple channels, manage risk and compliance, and improve sales, marketing 
and service effectiveness. We are one of the market leaders in the data quality segment. Large corporations and government agencies rely 
on our products in complex, high-volume, transactional environments to support their business processes.

Location intelligence solutions enable our clients to organize and understand the complex relationships between location, geographic 
and other forms of data to drive business decisions and customer experiences. Our location intelligence solutions use predictive analytics, 
location, geographic and socio-demographic characteristics, which enable our clients to harness the power of location to better serve their 
customers, solve business problems, deliver location-based services and ultimately drive business growth.

4

Customer engagement solutions provide clients with insight and understanding into customer behavior and interactions across the entire 
customer lifecycle, enabling them to orchestrate impactful, relevant and timely physical and digital interactions. When coupled with our 
inserting, sortation and digital print products, we are able to provide clients an all-inclusive solution that enables them to create, print 
and distribute wide-spread targeted customer communications. Our customer engagement solutions enable our clients to create connected 
experiences that positively influence future consumer behavior and generate business growth. 

Global Ecommerce 

Global Ecommerce includes our cross-border ecommerce solutions and retail and warehouse shipping management solutions. Global 
Ecommerce provides a full suite of domestic and cross-border solutions that help businesses of all sizes conduct commerce and participate 
in the parcel journey from “Anywhere to Everywhere™.”  It is our technology, services and industry expertise that have made us an 
industry leader in global commerce.  We offer a unified commerce platform of capabilities for cross-border, marketplaces and shipping 
that center around the consumer.  With our proprietary technology, we are able to manage all aspects of the international shopping and 
shipping  experience,  including  multi-currency  pricing,  payment  processing,  fraud  management,  calculation  of  fully  landed  costs  by 
quoting duty, taxes and shipping at checkout, compliance with product restrictions, export complexities and documentation requirements 
for customs clearance and brokerage and global logistics services. Our cross-border ecommerce software platforms are currently utilized 
by direct merchants as well as a major online marketplace enabling millions of parcels to be shipped to  countries and territories worldwide.  
Our platform also connects retailers to marketplaces around the world, opening new markets and expanding existing markets for their 
goods.

Our shipping management solutions enable clients to reduce transportation and logistics costs, to select the best carrier based on need 
and cost, to improve delivery times and to track packages in real-time.  Our Shipping API technology, an integral part of the Pitney 
Bowes Commerce Cloud, provides easy access to shipping and tracking services that can be easily integrated into any web application 
such as online shopping carts or ecommerce sites.  We also offer scalable shipping solutions that can be integrated into mail centers for 
the office market.

See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 2 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements for additional segment and geographic information. 

Client Service

We have a client care service organization that provides telephone, online and on-site support to diagnose and repair our increasingly 
complex mailing equipment, production printers and sophisticated software solutions. Most of our support services are provided under 
annual contracts.

Sales and Marketing

We market our products and services through a direct and inside sales force, direct mailings, telemarketing, independent dealers and 
distributors and web channels. We sell to a variety of business, governmental, institutional and other organizations, and in our Ecommerce 
business only, we also sell to consumers. We have a broad base of clients and are not dependent upon any one client or type of client for 
a significant part of our total revenue.  

We have made, and are continuing to make significant investments in the rebranding of the company.  These investments include marketing 
and advertising designed to build market awareness and client demand for our products and services, and enhance our operational and 
go-to-market changes, including how we sell to and service clients.

Competition

All of our businesses face competition from a number of companies. Our competitors range from large, multinational companies that 
compete against many of our businesses to smaller, more narrowly focused regional and local firms. We compete on the basis of technology 
and innovation; breadth of product offerings; our ability to design and tailor solutions to specific client needs; performance; client service 
and support; price; quality and brand.

We must continue to invest in our current technologies, products and solutions, and in the development of new technologies, products 
and solutions in order to maintain and improve our competitive position. We will encounter new competitors as we transition to higher 
value markets and offerings and enter new markets.  

5

 
A summary of the competitive environment for each of our business segments is as follows:

North America Mailing and International Mailing

We  face  significant competition  from  other  mail  equipment  and  software  companies,  companies  that  offer  products  and  services  as 
alternative means of message communications and non-traditional competitors that offer shipping and mailing products and services 
through online solutions. The principal competitive factors include the composition of offerings between software and hardware solutions, 
pricing,  available  financing  and  payment  offerings,  product  reliability,  support  services,  industry  knowledge  and  expertise  and 
attractiveness of alternative communication methods. Our competitive advantage includes our breadth of physical and web-based digital 
offerings, customer service and our extensive knowledge of the shipping and mailing industry.  

Through our wholly owned subsidiary, The Pitney Bowes Bank (the Bank), we offer a revolving credit solution to our clients in the United 
States that enables them to pay for postage, the rental of certain mailing equipment and purchase products, supplies and services. The 
Bank also provides an interest-bearing deposit solution to those clients in the United States who prefer to prepay postage. We also provide 
similar revolving credit solutions to our clients in Canada and the U.K. but do not offer these through the Bank. Our financing operations 
face competition, in varying degrees, from large, diversified financial institutions, including leasing companies, commercial finance 
companies and commercial banks, as well as small, specialized firms. Not all our competitors are able to offer these financing and payment 
solutions to their customers and we believe these solutions differentiate us from our competitors and are a source of competitive advantage. 
The Bank is chartered as an Industrial Bank under the laws of the State of Utah, and regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 
(FDIC) and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions.

Production Mail

We face competition from other companies that offer large production printers, inserters or sorters. We also face competition from the 
fact that some companies choose to outsource although those outsource providers can also be our customers. Our primary competitive 
advantage lies in our ability to offer all of these products and services and integrate them into an end-to-end solution. The principal 
competitive factors include functionality, reliability, productivity, price and support. 

Presort Services

We face competition from regional and local presort providers and service bureaus that offer presort solutions as part of a larger bundle 
of outsourcing services, and large entities that have the capability to presort their own mailings in-house. The principal competitive factors 
include innovative service, delivery speed, industry expertise and economies of scale. Our competitive advantage includes our extensive 
network of presort facilities capable of processing significant volumes of mail and our innovative and proprietary technology that enables 
us to provide our clients with reliable and accurate services at maximum discounts. 

Software Solutions 

We operate in several highly competitive and rapidly evolving markets and face competition ranging from large global companies that 
offer a broad suite of solutions to smaller, more narrowly-focused companies that can design very targeted solutions. The principal 
competitive factors include reliability, functionality, ease of integration and use, scalability, innovation, support services and price. We 
compete based on the accuracy and processing speed of our solutions, particularly those used in our location intelligence solutions, the 
breadth and scalability of our products and solutions, our geocoding and reverse geocoding capabilities, and our ability to identify rapidly 
changing customer needs and develop technologies and solutions to meet these changing needs.  

Global Ecommerce
The market for international ecommerce software and fulfillment services is highly fragmented and includes competitors of various sizes, 
including companies with greater financial resources than us. Some of these competitors specialize in point solutions or freight forwarding 
services, are full-service ecommerce business process outsourcers and online marketplaces with international logistic support, or major 
global  delivery  services  companies.  The  principal  competitive  factors  include  reliability,  functionality,  ease  of  integration  and  use, 
scalability of our platform and our logistics services, innovation, support services and price. We compete based on the accuracy, reliability 
and scalability of our platform, and our ability to provide our clients and their customers a one-stop full-service cross border ecommerce 
experience. In our shipping solutions business, we compete with a wide range of technology providers who help make shipping easier 
and more cost-effective for the retailer, warehouse, or office shipper. There are established players in the marketplace who are set-up to 
compete against their client base.  The remainder of the shipping market is very fragmented with many small companies offering negotiated 
carrier rates (primarily with the USPS).  The principal competitive factors include technology stability and reliability, innovation, access 
to preferred shipping rates, and ease of integration with existing systems.

6

Financing Solutions

We offer a variety of finance and payment solutions to clients to finance their equipment and product purchases, rental and lease payments, 
postage replenishment and supplies purchases.  As our other product and service offerings evolve, we continually evaluate whether there 
are appropriate financing solutions for us to offer our clients.  We establish credit approval limits and procedures based on the credit 
quality of the client and the type of product or service provided to control risk in extending credit to clients. In addition, we utilize a 
systematic decision program for certain leases. This program is designed to facilitate low dollar transactions by utilizing historical payment 
patterns and losses realized for clients with common credit characteristics. The program defines the criteria under which we will accept 
a client without performing a more detailed credit investigation, such as maximum equipment cost, a client's time in business and payment 
experience. 

We closely monitor the portfolio by analyzing industry sectors and delinquency trends by product line, industry and client to ensure 
reserve levels and credit policies reflect current trends. Management continues to closely monitor credit lines and collection resources 
and revise credit policies as necessary to be more selective in managing the portfolio.

Research, Development and Intellectual Property

We invest in research and development programs to develop new products and solutions, enhance the effectiveness and functionality of 
existing products and solutions and deliver high value technology, innovative software and differentiated services in high value segments 
of the market. As a result of our research and development efforts, we have been awarded a number of patents with respect to several of 
our existing and planned products. The continued evolution of patent law and the nature of our innovation work may affect the number 
of patents we are able to receive for our internal development efforts. However, our businesses are not materially dependent on any one 
patent or license or group of related patents or licenses. Research and development expenditures were $121 million in 2016 and $110 
million, in both 2015 and 2014. 

Material Suppliers

We depend on third-party suppliers for a variety of services, components, supplies and a large portion of our product manufacturing.  In 
certain instances, we rely on single-sourced or limited-sourced suppliers around the world because the relationship is advantageous due 
to quality, price, or there are no alternative sources. We have not historically experienced shortages in services, components or products 
and believe that our available sources for materials, components, services and supplies are adequate.

Regulatory Matters 

We are subject to the regulations of postal authorities worldwide related to product specifications and business practices involving our 
postage meters. We are further subject to the regulations of the Utah Department of Financial Institutions and the FDIC with respect to 
the operations of the Bank and certain company affiliates that provide services to the Bank. We are also subject to the regulations of 
transportation, customs and other trade authorities worldwide related to the cross-border shipment of equipment, materials and parcels. 
In addition, we are subject to regulations worldwide concerning data privacy and security for our businesses that use, process and store 
certain personal, confidential or proprietary data. 

Employees and Employee Relations 

At December 31, 2016, we have approximately 14,200 employees worldwide. We believe that we maintain strong relationships with our 
employees.  Management  keeps  employees  informed  of  decisions  and  encourages  and  implements  employee  suggestions  whenever 
practicable.

Available Information

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments thereto filed 
with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), are available, free of charge, through the Investor Relations 
section of our website at www.pb.com/investorrelations or from the SEC's website at www.sec.gov, as soon as reasonably practicable 
after these reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The other information found on our website is not part of this 
or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC. 

You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, 
DC 20549 or request copies of these documents by writing to the Office of Public Reference. Call the SEC at (800) 732-0330 for further 
information on the operations of the Public Reference Room and copying charges.

7

 
Executive Officers of the Registrant

Our executive officers are as follows:

Name

Age

Title

Executive
Officer Since

Marc B. Lautenbach

Daniel J. Goldstein

Robert Guidotti

Abby F. Kohnstamm

Michael Monahan

Roger J. Pilc

Mark L. Shearer

Lila Snyder

Christoph Stehmann

Stanley J. Sutula III

Johnna G. Torsone

55

55

59

63

56

49

60

44

54

51

66

President and Chief Executive Officer

Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Executive Vice President and President, Software Solutions

Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer

Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

Executive Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer

Executive Vice President and President, Pitney Bowes SMB Mailing Solutions

Executive Vice President and President, Global Ecommerce

Executive Vice President and President, Enterprise Solutions Group

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (1)

Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer

2012

2010

2016

2013

2005

2013

2013

2016

2016

2017

1993

(1) Effective February 1, 2017, Mr. Sutula assumed the responsibilities of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to 
that date, Mr. Monahan had the responsibilities of Chief Financial Officer.

There are no family relationships among the above officers. All of the officers have served in various executive positions with the company 
for at least the past five years except as described below:

Mr. Lautenbach was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the company in December 2012.  Before joining Pitney Bowes, 
Mr. Lautenbach held numerous positions during his career at IBM, which he joined in 1985.  His leadership roles at IBM included serving 
as Vice President Small and Medium Business in Asia Pacific from 1998-2000, General Manager of IBM Global Small and Medium 
Business from 2000-2005, General Manager of IBM North America from 2005-2010, and Managing Partner, North America, for IBM 
Global Business Services from 2010-2012.

Mr. Guidotti was appointed Executive Vice President and President, Software Solutions in January 2016. Before joining Pitney Bowes, 
Mr. Guidotti has been in the software industry for over 20 years and held a series of executive positions at IBM including General Manager, 
Software Sales where he was responsible for sales, technical sales, and channels for the $23 billion Software portfolio worldwide.

Ms. Kohnstamm joined the company as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer in June 2013. Before joining Pitney Bowes, 
Ms. Kohnstamm served as President of Abby F. Kohnstamm & Associates, Inc., a marketing and consulting firm. 

Mr. Pilc joined the company as Executive Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer in June 2013. Before joining Pitney Bowes, Mr. 
Pilc served as General Manager at CA Technologies, where he was responsible for the company’s Industries, Solutions and Alliances 
unit.  

Mr. Shearer joined the company as Executive Vice President and President, Pitney Bowes SMB Mailing Solutions in April 2013. Before 
joining Pitney Bowes, Mr. Shearer held numerous positions during his 30 year career at IBM, including general management, business 
and product strategy, and marketing. Before his retirement from IBM in 2010, he served as Vice President, Marketing and Strategy for 
IBM’s hardware business.

Ms. Snyder was elected to the office of Executive Vice President by the board of directors in January 2016. She joined the company in 
November 2013 as President, Document Messaging Technologies (DMT) and became President, Global Ecommerce in June 2015. Prior 
to joining Pitney Bowes, Ms. Snyder was a Partner at McKinsey & Company, Inc.  In her 15 years at McKinsey, she focused on serving 
clients in the technology, media and communications sectors and was the leader of McKinsey's Stamford office.  

8

Mr. Sutula joined the company as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in February 2017.  Prior to joining the company, 
Mr. Sutula was employed at IBM for 28 years where he held several leadership positions in the United States and in Europe.  Most 
recently, Mr. Sutula was Vice President and Controller.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

Our operations face certain risks that should be considered in evaluating our business. We manage and mitigate these risks on a proactive 
basis, including through the use of an enterprise risk management program. Nevertheless, the following risk factors, some of which may 
be beyond our control, could materially impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, brand and reputation, and may 
cause future results to be materially different than our current expectations. These risk factors are not intended to be all inclusive.

We are subject to postal regulations and processes, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability.

A significant portion of our revenue and profitability is directly or indirectly subject to regulation and oversight by postal authorities 
worldwide. We depend on a healthy postal sector in the geographic markets where we do business, which could be influenced positively 
or negatively by legislative or regulatory changes in those countries. Our revenue and profitability in a particular country could be affected 
by adverse changes in postal regulations, the business processes and practices of individual posts, the decision of a post to enter into 
particular markets in direct competition with us and the impact of any of these changes on postal competitors that do not use our products 
or services. These changes could affect product specifications, service offerings, client behavior and the overall mailing industry. 

If we are not able to respond to the continuing decline in the volume of physical mail delivered via traditional postal services, our results 
of operations and profitability could be adversely impacted. 

Declining mail volumes has had an adverse impact on our revenues and profitability and is expected to continue to influence our revenue 
and profitability in the future. We continue to employ strategies for stabilizing the mailing business which include new product and service 
offerings, transitioning our current products and services to more digital offerings and providing our clients broader access to products 
and services through online and direct sales channels. There is no guarantee that these offerings will be widely accepted in the marketplace, 
and they will likely face competition from existing and emerging alternative products and services. 

Further, an accelerated or sudden decline in physical mail volumes could have an adverse effect on our mailing business.  An accelerated 
or sudden decline could result from, among other things, changes in our clients' communication behavior, changes in communication 
technologies or legislation or regulations that mandate electronic substitution, prohibit certain types of mailings, increase the difficulty 
of using information or materials in the mail, or impose higher taxes or fees on mailing or postal services.  

If we are not successful at meeting the continuing challenges faced in our mailing business, or if physical mail volumes were to experience 
an accelerated or sudden decline, our financial results could be negatively impacted.  

If we are unable to protect our information technology systems against service interruptions, misappropriation of data, or breaches of 
security resulting from cyberattacks or other events, or we encounter other unforeseen difficulties in the operation of our information 
technology systems, our operations could be disrupted, our reputation may be harmed and we could be subject to legal liability or 
regulatory enforcement action.

We rely on the continuous and uninterrupted performance of our information technology systems to support numerous business processes 
and activities, to support and service our clients, to support consumer transactions and to support postal services. Several of our businesses 
use, process and store proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our businesses, our clients, consumers and 
our employees. Privacy laws and similar regulations in many jurisdictions where we do business require that we take significant steps to 
safeguard  such  information,  and  such  legal  requirements  continue  to  evolve.  In  today's  environment  there  are  numerous  risks  to 
cybersecurity and privacy, including individual and groups of criminal hackers, industrial espionage, employee errors and/or malfeasance 
and technological errors. These cyber threats are constantly evolving, thereby increasing the difficulty of detecting and successfully 
defending  against  them.  We  have  security  systems  and  procedures  in  place  designed  to  ensure  the  continuous  and  uninterrupted 
performance of our information technology systems and protect against unauthorized access to such information. However, there is no 
guarantee that these security measures will prevent or detect the unauthorized access by experienced computer programmers, hackers or 
others. Successful breaches could, among other things, result in the unauthorized disclosure, theft and misuse of company, client, consumer 
and employee sensitive and confidential information, disrupt the performance of our information technology systems and deny services 
to our clients. Additionally, we could be exposed to potential liability, litigation, governmental inquiries, investigations or regulatory 
enforcement actions, our brand and reputation damaged, and we could be subject to the payment of fines or other penalties, legal claims 
by our clients and significant remediation costs.

Our systems are also subject to adverse acts of nature, computer viruses, vandalism, power loss, computer or communications failures 
and other unexpected events. We have business continuity and disaster recovery plans in place to protect our business operations in case 
of such events; however, there can be no guarantee that these plans will function as designed. If our information technology systems are 
damaged or cease to function properly, we could be prevented from fulfilling orders and servicing clients and postal services. Also, we 

9

may have to make a significant investment to repair or replace these systems, and could suffer loss of critical data and interruptions or 
delays in our operations. 

We depend on third-party suppliers and outsource providers and our business could be adversely affected if we fail to manage these 
vendors effectively.

We depend on third-party suppliers and outsource providers for a variety of services, components and supplies, including a large portion 
of our product manufacturing, the hosting of our software-as-a-service offerings, as well as the logistics portion of our cross-border 
ecommerce business, and some non-core functions and operations. In certain instances, we rely on single-sourced or limited-sourced 
suppliers and outsourcing vendors around the world because doing so is advantageous due to quality, price or lack of alternative sources. If 
production or services were interrupted and we were not able to find alternate third-party suppliers, we could experience disruptions in 
manufacturing and operations including product shortages, higher freight costs and re-engineering costs. If outsourcing services were 
interrupted, not performed, or the performance was poor, our ability to process, record and report transactions with our clients, consumers 
and other constituents could be impacted. Such interruptions in the provision of supplies and/or services could impact our ability to meet 
client demand, damage our reputation and client relationships and adversely affect our revenue and profitability.

Capital market disruptions and credit rating downgrades could adversely affect our ability to provide competitive financing services to 
our clients and to fund various discretionary priorities.  

Our  financing  activities  include,  among  other  things,  providing  competitive  financing  offerings  to  our  clients  and  funding  various 
discretionary priorities, such as business investments, strategic acquisitions, share repurchases and dividend payments. We fund these 
activities through a combination of cash generated from operations, deposits held in the Bank, commercial paper borrowings and long-
term borrowings.

Our ability to fund these activities is dependent, in part, upon our ability to borrow and the cost of borrowing in U.S. capital markets. 
This ability and the cost, in turn, is dependent upon our credit ratings and is subject to capital market volatility. Credit rating downgrades, 
an increase in our credit default swap spread, material capital market disruptions, significant withdrawals by depositors at the Bank, 
adverse changes to our industrial loan charter or a significant decline in cash flow could impact our ability to provide competitive finance 
offerings to our clients and fund other financing activities, which in turn, could adversely affect our revenue, profitability and financial 
condition. 

The international nature of our Global Ecommerce business subjects us to increased customs and regulatory risks from cross-border 
transactions, and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Further, the loss of any of our largest clients in our Global Ecommerce 
segment could have a material adverse effect on the segment. 

International sales generated by our clients processing transactions through our platform are the primary source of both revenue and profit 
for the Global Ecommerce segment. Our Global Ecommerce segment is subject to significant trade regulations, taxes, and duties throughout 
the world. Any changes to these regulations could potentially impose increased documentation and delivery requirements, increase costs, 
delay delivery times, and subject us to additional liabilities, which could negatively impact our ability to compete in international markets 
and adversely impact our revenues and profitability.  

The operating results of, and sales generated from, many of our clients’ internationally focused websites running on our platform are 
exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Currently, our platforms are located in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia 
and a majority of consumers making purchases through these platforms are in a limited number of foreign countries. A strengthening of 
the U.S. Dollar or British Pound relative to currencies in the countries where we do the most business impacts our ability to compete 
internationally as the cost of similar international products improves relative to the cost of U.S. and U.K. retailers' products. A strong 
U.S. Dollar or British Pound would likely result in a decrease in international sales volumes, which would adversely affect the segment's 
revenue and profitability.

The Global Ecommerce segment is dependent on a relatively small number of significant clients and business partners for a large portion 
of its revenue.  The loss of any of these larger clients or business partners, or a substantial reduction in their use of our products or services, 
could have a material adverse effect on the revenue and profitability of the segment.  There can be no assurance that our larger clients 
and business partners will continue to utilize our products or services at current levels, or that we would be able to replace any of these 
clients or business partners with others who can generate revenue at current levels.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted by conditions abroad, including local economies, 
political environments and fluctuating foreign currencies.

A portion of our revenue is generated from operations outside the United States. Our future revenues, costs and results of operations 
could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as well as by a number of other factors, including changes in economic 
conditions from country to country, changes in a country's political conditions, trade protection measures, licensing requirements, local 
tax issues, capitalization and other related legal matters. We generally hedge foreign currency denominated transactions primarily through 
the use of currency derivative contracts. The use of derivative contracts is intended to mitigate or reduce transactional level volatility in 

10

the results of foreign operations, but does not completely eliminate volatility. We do not hedge the translation effect of international 
revenues and expenses, which are denominated in currencies other than our U.S. parent functional currency.

Our inability to obtain and protect our intellectual property and defend against claims of infringement by others may negatively impact 
our operating results.  

Our business success depends in part upon protecting our intellectual property rights, including proprietary technology developed or 
obtained through acquisitions. We rely on copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets and other intellectual property laws to establish 
and protect our proprietary rights. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position may suffer which 
could adversely affect our revenue and profitability. The continued evolution of patent law and the nature of our innovation work may 
affect the number of patents we are able to receive for our internal development efforts.

From time to time, third-parties may claim that we, our clients, or our suppliers, have infringed their intellectual property rights. These 
claims, if successful, may require us to redesign affected products, enter into costly settlement or license agreements, pay damage awards, 
or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or selling certain products. 

If we fail to comply with government contracting regulations, our operating results, brand name and reputation could suffer.

We  have  a  significant  number  of  contracts  with  governmental  entities.  Government  contracts  are  subject  to  extensive  and  complex 
procurement laws and regulations, along with regular audits and investigations by government agencies. If one or more government 
agencies discovers instances of contractual noncompliance in the course of an audit or investigation, we may be subject to various civil 
or criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, which could include the termination of the contract, reimbursement of payments 
received, fines and debarment from doing business with one or more governments.  Any of these events could not only affect us financially, 
but also adversely affect our brand and reputation.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits from our implementation of a new enterprise business platform, and the transition to the new 
enterprise business platform may not be uninterrupted or error-free.

We have made significant investments in the development and implementation of a new enterprise business platform that is expected to 
provide operating cost savings through the elimination of redundant systems and strategic efficiencies through the use of a standardized, 
integrated  system.  We  implemented  this  platform  for  our  Canadian  operations  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2015,  and  completed  the 
implementation of this system for our U.S. operations in the second quarter of 2016.  We experienced temporary sales productivity and 
business disruptions from the implementations in Canada and the United States; however, material disruptions are not expected going 
forward.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits of strategic acquisitions and divestitures, which may harm our financial results.

As we look for opportunities to invest in strategic initiatives to drive revenue growth and market share gains while maintaining a leadership 
role in the mailing industry, we may make strategic acquisitions or divest certain businesses. These acquisitions and divestitures may 
involve significant risks and uncertainties, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results, including:

• 
• 

• 
• 

difficulties in achieving anticipated benefits or synergies from acquisitions and divestitures; 
difficulties in integrating newly acquired businesses and operations, including combining product and service offerings and 
entering new markets, or reducing fixed costs previously associated with divested businesses;
the loss of key employees or clients of businesses acquired or divested; and
significant charges to earnings for employee severance and other restructuring costs, goodwill and asset impairments and legal, 
accounting and financial advisory fees.

Our investment in rebranding the company and enhancing marketing programs to build the market awareness necessary to create demand 
for our businesses may not result in increased revenue and could adversely affect our profitability.

Our brand strategy and identity are important to our global business transformation. Our phased roll-out of the new branding through 
advertising campaigns is integrated into the way we sell and service clients and acquire new clients, including sales collateral and the 
digital experience of getting information, service performance and transacting on our website. These factors are important to maintaining 
acceptance of our products and services by our existing clients and achieving increased acceptance with new clients. We expect continued 
spending in brand development and marketing promotion activities and if this increased spending does not result in increased revenue 
sufficient to offset these expenses, our profitability could be adversely affected.

Our operational costs could increase from changes in environmental regulations, or we could be subject to significant liabilities.

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental protection laws and regulations around the world, including 
without limitation, those related to the manufacture, distribution, use, packaging, labeling, recycling or disposal of our products or the 
products of our clients for whom we perform services. Environmental rules concerning products and packaging can have a significant 
impact on the cost of operations or affect our ability to do business in certain countries. We are also subject to laws concerning use, 
discharge or disposal of materials. All of these laws are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. 

11

If we are found to have violated these laws, we could be fined, criminally charged, otherwise sanctioned by regulators, or we could be 
subject to liability and clean-up costs. These risk can apply to both current and legacy operations and sites. From time to time, we may 
be involved in litigation over these issues. The amount and timing of costs under environmental laws are difficult to predict and there 
can be no assurance that these costs will not have an adverse effect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.  

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

We own or lease numerous facilities worldwide, which house general offices, including our corporate headquarters located in Stamford, 
Connecticut, sales offices, service locations, data centers and call centers. We conduct research and development, manufacturing and 
assembly, product management, information technology and many other activities at our Global Technology Center located in Danbury, 
Connecticut. Our other primary research and development facilities are located in Noida and Pune, India. Management believes that our 
facilities are well maintained, are in good operating condition and are suitable and adequate for our current business needs. 

ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. These 
may involve litigation by or against us relating to, among other things, contractual rights under vendor, insurance or other contracts; 
intellectual property or patent rights; equipment, service, payment or other disputes with clients; or disputes with employees. Some of 
these actions may be brought as a purported class action on behalf of a purported class of employees, clients or others.  

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable. 

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE COMPANY'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER       

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Our common stock is traded under the symbol "PBI" and is principally traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).  At January 31, 
2017, we had 16,276 common stockholders of record. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices, as reported on the 
NYSE, and the cash dividends paid per share of common stock, for the periods indicated.

2016

First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

2015

First Quarter

Second Quarter
Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Stock Price

High

Low

Dividend Per
Share

$
$
$
$

$

$
$

$

21.60
21.81
19.33
18.20

24.60

23.93
21.64

21.76

$
$
$
$

$

$
$

$

16.24
16.28
16.88
14.22

21.15

20.79
18.59

19.12

$

$

$

$

0.1875
0.1875
0.1875
0.1875
0.75

0.1875

0.1875
0.1875

0.1875
0.75

12

Share Repurchases

We may periodically repurchase shares of our common stock to manage the dilution created by shares issued under employee stock plans 
and for other purposes. For the full year 2016, we repurchased 10,454,835 shares of our common stock at an average share price of 
$18.51. During the fourth quarter of 2016 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock. We have remaining Board authorization 
to repurchase up to $21 million of our common stock.

Stock Performance Graph

We revised our peer group from last year to exclude companies that were no longer a strong fit from a business perspective and included 
companies that are better aligned with our diverse business portfolio.

The new peer group is comprised of: Alliance Data Systems Corporation, Deluxe Corporation, Diebold, Incorporated, EchoStar Corp., 
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., Fiserv, Inc., NCR Corp., NetApp Inc., Pitney Bowes Inc., R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 
Rockwell Automation Inc., Teradata Corp., Unisys Corporation, The Western Union Company and Xerox Corporation.

The old peer group was comprised of: Alliance Data Systems Corporation, Diebold, Incorporated, DST Systems Inc., EchoStar Corp., 
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc., Fiserv, Inc., Harris Corporation, Iron Mountain Inc., Lexmark International Inc., NCR Corp., 
Pitney Bowes Inc., R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, Rockwell Automation Inc., Unisys Corporation, The Western Union Company 
and Xerox Corporation. 

The accompanying graph shows the annual change in the value of a $100 investment in Pitney Bowes Inc., the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 
500 Composite Index, the new peer group and the old peer group over a five-year period assuming the reinvestment of dividends. On a 
total return basis, a $100 investment on December 31, 2011 in Pitney Bowes Inc., the S&P 500 Composite Index, the old peer group and 
the new peer group would have been worth $108, $198, $207, and $175, respectively, on December 31, 2016.

All information is based upon data independently provided to us by Standard & Poor's Corporation and is derived from their official total 
return calculation. Total return for the S&P 500 Composite Index and each peer group is based on market capitalization, weighted for 
each year. The stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

13

14

ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table of selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the more detailed consolidated financial statements and 
related notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Total revenue

$

3,406,575

$

3,578,060

$

3,821,504

$

3,791,335

$

3,823,713

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Years Ended December 31,

Amounts attributable to common stockholders:

Net income from continuing operations

(Loss) income from discontinued operations
Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

$

$

95,506
(2,701)
92,805

Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):
Continuing operations

$

Discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

$

0.51
(0.01)
0.49

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):
0.51
Continuing operations
(0.01)
0.49

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Discontinued operations

$

$

Cash dividends paid per share of common stock

$

0.75

Balance sheet data:

402,672
5,271

407,943

2.01

0.03

2.04

2.00

0.03

2.03

0.75

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

300,006
33,749

333,755

1.49

0.17

1.65

1.47

0.17

1.64

0.75

Total assets (2)
Long-term debt (2)
Total debt (2)
Noncontrolling interests (Preferred stockholders'

equity in subsidiaries)

$
$

$

$

2016

5,837,133
2,750,405

3,364,890

2015

6,123,132
2,489,583

2,950,668

— $

296,370

December 31,

2014

6,476,599
2,904,024

3,228,903

296,370

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

$

$

287,612
(144,777)
142,835

1.43
(0.72)
0.71

1.42
(0.71)
0.70

0.94

2013

6,754,371
3,323,231

3,323,231

296,370

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$
$

$

$

379,107
66,056

445,163

1.89

0.33

2.22

1.88

0.33

2.21

1.50

2012

7,846,867
3,629,349

4,004,349

296,370

(1)  The sum of earnings per share may not equal the totals due to rounding.
(2)   Certain prior year amounts have been revised to conform to current year presentation.

15

 
ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes. This 
discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based on management's current expectations, estimates and projections and 
involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ significantly from those currently expressed in our forward-looking statements 
as  a  result  of  various  factors,  including  those  factors  described  under  "Forward-Looking  Statements"  and  "Risk  Factors"  contained 
elsewhere in this Annual Report. All table amounts are presented in thousands of dollars, unless otherwise stated.  

Overview

During 2016, we continued to execute on our strategic priorities to stabilize and reinvent our mail business, drive operational excellence 
and grow our business through digital commerce. We made acquisitions in our strategic businesses and exited certain markets (Market 
Exits) as part of our initiative to simplify our geographic footprint. We launched an advertising campaign to reintroduce the Pitney Bowes 
brand and continued to introduce new products including the Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud, which helps our clients identify customers, 
locate new sales opportunities, communicate with their existing and prospective customers, power shipping globally and manage payments 
for mailing and shipping. Additionally, we continued to build our partner channels particularly in the software business.

During the year, we deployed our new enterprise business platform in the United States, which is one of the productivity initiatives to 
drive operational excellence.  As a result of the conversion process and required sales and support training, we experienced reduced 
productivity and lost sales, which adversely impacted equipment sales and stream revenues.

Financial Highlights

Revenue -2016 compared to 2015

Revenue for 2016 decreased 5% to $3,407 million compared to $3,578 million in 2015. Of this decrease, 1% is attributable to foreign 
currency translation and 1% to Market Exits.

•  Equipment sales declined 3%, supplies revenues declined 9%, software revenue declined 10%, rentals revenue declined 7%, financing 
income declined 11% and support services revenue declined 8%.  Business services revenue increased 3%, partially offsetting these 
declines.

•  Within SMB, North America Mailing revenue was down 6% and International Mailing revenue was down 9%.  In total, SMB revenue 

decreased 7% on a reported basis and 6% excluding the impacts of foreign currency translation and Market Exists. 

•  Within Enterprise Business Solutions, Production Mail revenue decreased 4% and Presort revenue was flat. In total, Enterprise 
Business Solutions revenue decreased 2% on a reported basis and was flat excluding the impacts of foreign currency translation and 
Market Exists.

•  Within DCS, Global Ecommerce revenue increased 18%, but was partially offset by a 10% decrease in Software Solutions revenue. 

In total, DCS revenue increased 4% on a reported basis and 6% excluding the impacts of foreign currency translation.

Net Income

Net income and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for 2016 were $93 million and $0.49, respectively, compared to 
$408 million and $2.03, respectively, for 2015. The decrease in net income was primarily due to the $111 million gain on the sale of 
Imagitas in 2015, and  a $171 million goodwill impairment charge related to our Software Solutions reporting unit, lower revenue and 
gross margin, and higher restructuring and asset impairment charges, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses 
in 2016.

16

Cash Flows

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2016 increased $124 million compared to December 31, 2015. Sources and uses of cash 
include:

Sources:

•  Generated cash from operations of $491 million;  
• 
Increased net long-term borrowings by $524 million;
•  Cash from investment activities of $75 million; and 
•  Received $18 million for the sale of assets;

Uses:
•  Redeemed preferred stock of subsidiary for $300 million;
Spent $197 million to repurchase our common stock; 
• 
Spent $161 million on capital expenditures; 
• 
• 
Paid dividends of $141 million to our common stockholders and $19 million to noncontrolling interests; 
•  Repaid $90 million of commercial paper borrowings; and
•  Acquired Enroute and Maponics for an aggregate $38 million.

Outlook 

We anticipate that the introduction of new products and digital capabilities, the implementation of the new enterprise business platform, 
and incremental marketing will continue to provide long term benefits.  We expect to see on-going cost-savings through the benefits of 
our  restructuring  actions  and  our  new  enterprise  business  platform.    This  will  be  offset,  in  part,  by  the  normalization  of  variable 
compensation compared to 2016.

Within SMB Solutions, we anticipate that the introduction of new solutions and digital capabilities, particularly those included in the 
Pitney Bowes Commerce Cloud, will help further stabilize revenue over the long-term. In addition we plan to introduce technology 
upgrades to our meters later in 2017. We do not anticipate further significant disruption in sales productivity from the implementation of 
our enterprise platform, and expect to continue realizing the benefits from this platform.  Internationally, we anticipate further stabilizing 
financial results from cost savings initiatives and rationalization of our geographic footprint.  

Within Enterprise Business Solutions, we anticipate revenue and profitability growth in Presort Services due to network expansion and 
the January 2017 USPS rate change, which creates a greater incentive for high volume mailers to leverage our solutions. We expect that 
Production Mail revenue growth will continue to be challenged by consolidation and outsourcing pressures on services revenue.

Within DCS, we continue to build our partner channel in Software Solutions by adding new regional systems integrators and location 
intelligence partners. We continue to invest in expanding the indirect channel and training partner sales and technical resources. Although 
it takes time for a partner program to add significantly to our revenue, we do anticipate additional revenue from our partner channel in 
2017. We continue to focus on improving direct sales effectiveness to grow the license revenue pipeline and have made changes to the 
sales organization structure to expedite this improvement.  We anticipate continued growth in our ecommerce business with our existing 
marketplace sites (sites where multiple sellers sell) and individual retail clients, new client acquisition and expanded service offerings.  
A strong U.S. dollar could continue to affect demand for U.S. goods sold to customers in other countries, but such an impact could 
continue to be mitigated by the effects of a weakened British Pound on sales of U.K. goods to customers in other countries.  We continue 
to expand and globalize our cross-border ecommerce offerings, including the successful launch of our cross-border platform for Australian 
retail clients, which diversifies the business and helps to mitigate foreign currency risk.  

17

Revenue by source and the related cost of revenue are shown in the following tables:  

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Equipment sales
Supplies
Software
Rentals
Financing
Support services
Business services

Total revenue

Cost of equipment sales
Cost of supplies
Cost of software
Cost of rentals
Financing interest expense
Cost of support services
Cost of business services
Total cost of revenue

Revenue

% change

Years Ended December 31,

Actual

Constant Currency

2016

2015

2014

2016

2015

2016

2015

$

$

675
263
349
413
366
513
828

$

695
288
386
442
410
555
802

770
300
430
485
433
625
779

$

3,407

$

3,578

$

3,822

(3)%
(9)%
(10)%
(7)%
(11)%
(8)%
3 %
(5)%

(10)%
(4)%
(10)%
(9)%
(5)%
(11)%
3 %

(6)%

(2)%
(7)%
(7)%
(6)%
(10)%
(7)%
4 %
(4)%

(5)%
2 %
(5)%
(6)%
(2)%
(7)%
3 %
(3)%

Cost of Revenue

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

% of revenue

$

% of revenue

$

$

332
81
106
76
55
296
569
1,515

49.1% $
31.0%
30.4%
18.4%
15.1%
57.7%
68.7%
44.5% $

331
89
114
84
72
323
546
1,559

47.6 % $
30.8 %
29.4 %
19.1 %
17.5 %
58.2 %
68.1 %
43.6 % $

$
366
94
124
97
78
377
545
1,681

% of revenue
47.5%
31.2%
28.8%
20.1%
18.1%
60.3%
70.0%
44.0%

The discussion below refers to revenue growth on a constant currency basis to exclude the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange 
rates since the prior period under comparison.  Constant currency measures are intended to help investors better understand the underlying 
revenue performance of the business excluding the impacts of shifts in currency exchange rates over the period.  Constant currency is 
calculated by converting our current quarter reported revenue using the prior year’s exchange rate for the comparable quarter.  

Equipment sales

Equipment sales decreased 3% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, equipment sales decreased 2% primarily due 
to:

• 

• 
• 

3% from lower mailing equipment sales in North America, due in part to sales disruption during the second quarter from the 
platform cut-over; and
1% from Market Exits; partially offset by 
2% from higher sales in our production mail business, primarily due to higher installations of sorter, inserter and print equipment.

Cost of equipment sales as a percentage of equipment sales revenue increased to 49.1% compared to 47.5% in 2015 primarily due to 
product mix.  

Equipment sales decreased 10% in 2015 compared to 2014. On a constant currency basis, equipment sales decreased 5% primarily due 
to:

• 

• 
• 

3% from international mailing equipment sales primarily due to difficult economic circumstances and productivity disruptions 
caused by the implementation of our go-to-market strategy in Europe; 
1% from lower sales of production mail equipment worldwide; and 
1% from lower sales in North America due to the continuing trend of clients to extend existing leases rather than purchase new 
equipment.

Cost of equipment sales as a percentage of equipment sales revenue of 47.6% was comparable from 2015 to 2014.

18

 
 
Supplies

Supplies sales decreased 9% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, supplies revenue decreased 7% primarily due to:

• 
• 
• 
• 

4% from lower North America mailing supplies sales; 
1% from lower international mailing supplies, primarily in the U.K. and France; 
1% from lower sales in our production mail business; and
1% from Market Exits.

Cost of supplies as a percentage of supplies revenue increased slightly to 31.0% in 2016 compared to 30.8% in 2015 primarily due to 
lower revenue and sales productivity issues.

Supplies sales decreased 4% in 2015 compared to 2014,  On a constant currency basis, supplies revenue increased 2%  primarily due to:

• 
• 

1% from our worldwide mailing businesses primarily due to productivity improvements and pricing actions; and 
1% from higher sales of supplies for production printers. 

Cost of supplies as a percentage of supplies revenue improved to 30.8% in 2015 compared to 31.2% in 2014 primarily due to a greater 
mix of higher margin core supplies. 

Software

Software revenue decreased 10% in 2016 compared to 2015. On a constant currency basis, software revenue decreased 7% primarily due 
to a worldwide decline in licensing revenue.  License revenue from our Customer Engagement and our Location Intelligence software 
offerings declined but were partly offset by growth in the Customer Information Management software license revenue.  Cost of software 
as a percentage of software revenue increased to 30.4% in 2016 compared to 29.4% in 2015 primarily due to the decline in high-margin 
licensing revenue.

Software revenue decreased 10% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, software revenue decreased 5% in primarily 
due to:
• 
• 

4% from more significant licensing deals in 2014 compared to 2015; and 
1% from declines in maintenance, data and services revenue. 

Cost of software as a percentage of software revenue increased to 29.4% in 2015 compared to 28.8% in 2014 primarily due to declines 
in high-margin licensing revenue.

Rentals

Rentals revenue decreased 7% in 2016 compared to 2015 and 9% in 2015 compared to 2014. On a constant currency basis, rentals revenue 
decreased 6% in both periods.  These decreases are primarily due to a reduction in the number of installed meters worldwide and the 
continuing shift by certain customers to less-featured, lower cost machines.

Cost of rentals as a percentage of rentals revenue improved from 20.1% in 2014 to 19.1% in 2015 and to 18.4% in 2016 primarily due 
to lower depreciation.

Financing
Financing revenue decreased 11% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, financing revenue decreased 10% primarily 
due to lower mailing equipment sales in prior periods, a declining lease portfolio and lower financing fees as a result of proactive waivers 
to allow clients to adjust to new billing formats and timing of invoices being sent as a result of the platform cutover. 

Financing revenue decreased 5% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, financing revenue decreased 2% as a result 
of lower equipment sales in prior periods and a declining lease portfolio.

We allocate a portion of our total cost of borrowing to financing interest expense. In computing financing interest expense, we assume 
an 8:1 debt to equity leverage ratio (10:1 in 2015 and 2014) and apply our overall effective interest rate to the average outstanding finance 
receivables. Finance interest expense decreased 23% in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to a decline in our overall effective interest 
rate and lower average outstanding finance receivables. Finance interest expense decreased 9% in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due 
to lower average outstanding finance receivables. Financing interest expense as a percentage of financing revenue was 15.1% in 2016, 
17.5% in 2015 and 18.1% in 2014.

19

 
Support Services

Support services revenue decreased 8% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 7% primarily due 
to:

• 

• 

• 

2% from lower maintenance revenue on production mail equipment as some in-house mailers moved their mail processing to 
third-party service bureaus who service some of their own equipment;
2% from the worldwide decline in the number of mailing machines in service and shift to less-featured, lower cost machines; 
and
2% from Market Exits.

Cost of support services as a percentage of support services revenue improved to 57.7% in 2016 compared to 58.2% in 2015 primarily 
due to expense reductions and productivity initiatives.

Support services revenue decreased 11% in 2015 compared to 2014. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 7%, primarily due 
to:

• 

• 

5% from lower maintenance contracts on production mail equipment as some in-house mailers moved their mail processing to 
third-party service bureaus who service some of their own equipment; and
2% from Market Exits.

Cost of support services as a percentage of support services revenue improved to 58.2% in 2015 compared to 60.3% in 2014 primarily 
due to expense reductions and productivity initiatives.

Business Services

Business services revenue increased 3% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 4%; however, 
excluding the revenue in 2015 from our Imagitas business, which was sold in May 2015, business services revenue increased 11% in 
2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to:

• 

• 

10% from growth in our Ecommerce business from the expansion of our U.S. and U.K. cross-border marketplace business and 
retail network, including a full year of operations of Borderfree (acquired June 2015); and
1% from higher shipping solutions services. 

Cost of business services as a percentage of business services revenue increased to 68.7% in 2016 and compared to 68.1% in 2015, 
primarily due to higher mail processing costs in the presort business.

Business services revenue increased 3% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 3%.  Business 
Services revenue for 2015 was impacted by the sale of Imagitas in May 2015 and the acquisition of Borderfree in June 2015. Excluding 
the impacts of these transactions, business services revenue increased 5% primarily due to:

• 
• 

4% from additional volumes of packages shipped from our U.K. outbound cross-border service facility; and
2% from higher volumes of mail processed in Presort Services.

Cost of business services as a percentage of business services revenue improved to 68.1% in 2015 and compared to 70% in 2014, primarily 
due to operational efficiencies in Presort Services and higher revenue.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)
SG&A expense decreased 6% in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to lower salaries and benefits expense from our prior restructuring 
actions, lower annual variable compensation costs of $36 million, benefits from the new enterprise business platform of $28 million, loan 
forgiveness income of $10 million (see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), a favorable sales tax adjustment of $5 million 
and other productivity and cost-saving initiatives. SG&A expense in 2015 also included a one-time compensation charge of $10 million 
related to the acquisition of Borderfree.

SG&A expense decreased 7% in 2015 compared to 2014 despite expenses of $13 million associated with implementation of our enterprise 
business platform, a one-time compensation charge of $10 million for the accelerated vesting and settlement of Borderfree stock-based 
compensation awards, additional amortization expense of $9 million related to the acquisition of Borderfree and costs of $5 million 
related to the exit of certain geographic markets during the fourth quarter of 2015. The overall decrease in SG&A expense is primarily 
due to our focus on operational excellence and the benefits of productivity and cost-cutting initiatives. Foreign currency translation also 
reduced SG&A expenses by 4% in 2015.

20

Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net

Restructuring charges and asset impairments were $63 million in 2016. During the year, we recorded restructuring charges of $48 million 
related primarily to current year restructuring actions and pension settlement charges due to prior restructuring actions. Asset impairment 
charges consisted primarily of a loss of $5 million from the sale of a facility and an impairment charge of $4 million related to another 
facility.

Restructuring charges and asset impairments of $26 million in 2015 consists of restructuring charges of $21 million and a loss of $5 
million on the sale of the corporate headquarters building.  See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Goodwill impairment

In 2016, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $171 million associated with our Software Solutions reporting unit. See 
Critical Accounting Estimates section below for further details.

Other (income) expense, net

Other income, net for 2015 includes the gain on the sale of Imagitas of $111 million, transaction costs of $10 million incurred in connection 
with the acquisitions of Borderfree and RTC and a charge of $7 million associated with the settlement of a legal matter.

Other expense, net for 2014 includes costs of $62 million incurred in connection with the early redemption of debt offset by $16 million 
recognized in connection with the divestiture of a partnership investment. 

Income taxes

See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Discontinued operations

Loss from discontinued operations in 2016 was due to an additional expense related to our Management Services business sold in 2013. 
Income from discontinued operations in 2015 was due to a favorable tax adjustment related to our Document Imaging Solutions business 
sold in 2014. 

Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries attributable to noncontrolling interests

See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

21

 
Business Segments

The principal products and services of each of our reportable segments are as follows:

Small & Medium Business Solutions:

North America Mailing:  Includes the revenue and related expenses from the sale, rental, financing and servicing of mailing equipment, 
software and supplies for small and medium businesses to efficiently create physical and digital mail and evidence postage for the 
sending of mail, flats and parcels in the U.S. and Canada.

International Mailing: Includes the revenue and related expenses from the sale, rental, financing and servicing of mailing equipment, 
software and supplies for small and medium businesses to efficiently create physical and digital mail and evidence postage for the 
sending of mail, flats and parcels in areas outside the U.S. and Canada.

Enterprise Business Solutions:

Production Mail: Includes the worldwide revenue and related expenses from the sale of production mail inserting and sortation 
equipment, high-speed production print systems, supplies and related support services to large enterprise clients to process inbound 
and outbound mail.

Presort Services: Includes revenue and related expenses from presort mail services for our large enterprise clients to qualify large 
mail volumes for postal worksharing discounts.

Digital Commerce Solutions:

Software  Solutions:  Includes  the  worldwide  revenue  and  related  expenses  from  the  licensing  of  non-equipment-based  mailing, 
customer information engagement, location intelligence and customer engagement solutions and related support services.

Global Ecommerce: Includes the worldwide revenue and related expenses from cross-border ecommerce and shipping solutions.

We determine segment EBIT by deducting the related costs and expenses attributable to the segment from segment revenue. Segment 
EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges and other items, which are not allocated to a particular 
business segment. Management uses segment EBIT to measure profitability and performance at the segment level. Management believes 
segment EBIT provides a useful measure of our operating performance and underlying trends of the businesses. Segment EBIT may not 
be  indicative of  our  overall  consolidated  performance  and  therefore,  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment EBIT to net income.

Revenue and EBIT by business segment are presented in the tables below.

North America Mailing
International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail
Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions
Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other

Total

Revenue

% change

Years Ended December 31,

Actual

Constant Currency

2016
$ 1,343
407
1,750
405
476
881
348
429
777
—
$ 3,407

2015
$ 1,435
445
1,880
421
474
895
386
362
748
55
$ 3,578

2014
$ 1,492
572
2,064
462
457
919
429
282
711
128
$ 3,822

2016

(6)%
(9)%
(7)%
(4)%
— %
(2)%
(10)%
18 %
4 %
(100)%
(5)%

2015

2016

2015

(4)%
(22)%
(9)%
(9)%
4 %
(3)%
(10)%
29 %
5 %

(6)%
(5)%
(6)%
(3)%
— %
(1)%
(7)%
20 %
6 %
(57)% (100)%
(4)%
(6)%

(3)%
(10)%
(5)%
(4)%
4 %
— %
(5)%
30 %
9 %
(57)%
(3)%

22

 
North America Mailing
International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other

Total

Small & Medium Business Solutions

North America Mailing

EBIT

Years Ended December 31,

% change

2016

2015

2014

2016

2015

$

$

575

47
622

54

95
149

30
19

49

—
820

$

$

647
51

698
48

105

153
49

19

68
10

642
89

731
48

98

146
51

17

68
19

$

929

$

964

(11)%
(9)%
(11)%
12 %
(9)%
(2)%
(38)%
— %
(27)%
(100)%
(12)%

1 %
(42)%
(5)%
1 %

7 %
5 %
(5)%
16 %
— %
(45)%
(4)%

North America Mailing revenue decreased 6% in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to:

• 

• 
• 

• 

2% from lower financing revenue primarily from declining equipment sales in prior periods and lower fees resulting from 
proactive waivers to allow clients to adjust to new billing formats and delayed timing of invoices resulting from the platform 
cutover;
1% from lower sales of supplies due to lower demand and sales productivity issues from the platform cutover;
1% from lower rentals revenue and 1% from lower support services revenue, primarily reflecting continuing decline in installed 
meters and shift to less-featured lower-cost machines; and
1% from lower equipment sales which were impacted by sales productivity issues from the platform cutover.

EBIT decreased 11% primarily due to the decline in higher margin recurring revenue streams and higher costs due in part to the sales 
productivity issues from the platform cutover.

North American Mailing revenue decreased 4% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 3%  primarily 
due to:   
• 

2% from declines in rentals revenue and support services revenue due to the continuing decline in installed meters and shift by 
clients to lower cost, less featured machines; and
1% from a decline in equipment sales primarily due to the decline in the first half of the year caused by declining mail volumes 
and the continuing trend of clients to extend existing leases rather than purchasing new equipment.

• 

Despite the decline in revenue, EBIT increased 1% primarily due to benefits of productivity improvements and cost reduction initiatives 
and favorable product mix.

International Mailing

International Mailing revenue declined 9% in 2016 compared to 2015. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 5% primarily 
due to:
• 
• 

2% from Market Exits; and 
1% decline in each of rental, supplies and support services revenue streams resulting from the continued decline in installed 
meters.

EBIT deceased 9% in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to the decline in revenue, partially offset by lower costs from cost savings 
and productivity initiatives. Foreign currency translation had a 4% adverse impact on EBIT.

23

International Mailing revenue declined 22% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 10%  primarily 
due to:
• 

7% from difficult economic circumstances in many of our international markets and productivity disruptions caused by the 
implementation of our go-to-market strategy in certain European markets, particularly in France; and
3% from Market Exits.

• 

EBIT decreased 42% in 2015 as compared to 2014, primarily due to the decline in revenue and reduced margins due to productivity 
disruptions and incremental costs of transitioning the sales organization in France. Foreign currency translation had a 10% adverse impact 
on EBIT.

Enterprise Business Solutions

Production Mail

Production Mail revenue decreased 4% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 3% primarily due 
to:

• 
• 

• 

3% from Market Exits; and 
3%  from  lower  support  services  revenue  as  result  of  some  in-house  mailers  shifting  their  mail  processing  to  third-party 
outsourcers; partially offset by
4% from higher equipment sales due to higher installations of sorter, inserter and print equipment.

Despite the decline in revenue, EBIT increased 12% in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to service delivery cost management 
initiatives and lower sales and marketing costs. 

Production Mail revenue decreased 9% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 4% primarily due 
to:

• 

• 

3% decline in support services revenue of as some in-house mailers moved their mail processing to third-party service bureaus 
who service some of their own equipment; and
1% decline in equipment sales as lower sales in Europe and Asia-Pacific were mostly offset by higher sales in the United States. 

Despite the decline in revenue, EBIT increased 1% in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to a higher margin product mix and ongoing 
cost reduction initiatives.

Presort Services

Presort Services revenue was flat in 2016 compared to 2015, on both a reported and constant currency basis, as volume growth was offset 
by lower revenue per piece of mail from a USPS rate change. EBIT decreased 9% in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to lower 
margins and increased labor costs.

Presort Services revenue increased 4% in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to higher volumes of mail processed. EBIT increased 
7% in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to the increase in revenue and lower transportation costs.

Digital Commerce Solutions

Software

Software revenue decreased 10% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 7% primarily due to a 
worldwide decline in licensing revenue. License revenue from our Customer Engagement and our Location Intelligence software offerings 
declined but were partly offset by growth in the Customer Information Management software license revenue. EBIT decreased 38%
primarily due to the lower high-margin licensing revenue.

Software revenue decreased 10% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased 5% 2015 primarily due 
to:

• 
• 

4% from more significant licensing deals in 2014 as compared to 2015; and
1% from declines in maintenance, data and services revenue. 

EBIT decreased 5% primarily as a result of lower high-margin licensing revenue.

24

Global Ecommerce

Global Ecommerce revenue increased 18% in 2016 compared to 2015.  On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 20%  primarily 
due to:

• 

• 
• 

23% due to the expansion of our U.S. and U.K. cross-border business and retail network, including the acquisition of Borderfree; 
partially offset by
2% decrease related to a one-time recognition of deferred cross-border delivery fees; and 
1% from a decline in domestic shipping solutions revenue.

EBIT was flat in 2016 compared to 2015 as higher revenue was offset by $7 million of additional amortization expense from acquisitions, 
$6  million  of  deferred  cross  border  delivery  fees  recognized  in  2015  and  additional  investments  in  the  business.    Foreign  currency 
translation had a 6% adverse impact on EBIT.

Global Ecommerce revenue increased 29% in 2015 compared to 2014.  On a constant currency basis, revenue increased 30%, primarily 
due to the acquisition of Borderfree and higher volumes of packages shipped from our U.K. outbound cross-border service facility, which 
began in the fourth quarter of 2014. 

EBIT increased 16% in 2015 compared to 2014 as the incremental revenue and margin from Borderfree and the recognition of $6 million 
of deferred cross-border delivery fees were partially offset by higher costs from the Borderfree acquisition, including $9 million of 
additional amortization expense.  

Other

Other includes our Marketing Services business which was sold in May 2015.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We believe that existing cash and investments, cash generated from operations and borrowing capacity under our commercial paper 
program will be sufficient to support our current cash needs, including discretionary uses such as capital investments, dividends, share 
repurchases and acquisitions. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $803 million at December 31, 2016 and $768 
million at December 31, 2015. We continuously review our credit profile through published credit ratings and the credit default swap 
market. We also monitor the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative counterparties, depository banks or credit providers.

Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries were $475 million and $460 million at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 
2015, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries are generally used to support the liquidity needs of these 
subsidiaries.  Most of these amounts could be repatriated to the U.S. but would be subject to additional taxes. Repatriation of some foreign 
balances is restricted by local laws.   

Cash Flow Summary 

The change in cash and cash equivalents is as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

Change

2016

2015

2014

2016

2015

Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Change in cash and cash equivalents

$

$

490
(115)
(224)
(27)
124

$

$

$

515
(303)
(571)
(44)
(403) $

658
(154)
(312)
(29)
163

$

$

(25) $
188
347
17
527

$

(143)
(149)
(259)
(15)

(566)

Cash flows from operations decreased $25 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to:

•  Lower income; 
•  A special pension plan contribution of $37 million to the U.K. pension plan; and
• 
•  Lower employee related costs, income tax and interest payments.

Payments associated with the launch of the enterprise business platform and new advertising campaign; partially offset by

25

Cash flows from operations decreased $143 million in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due:

•  Timing  of  payments  of  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities  including,  higher  employee-related  payments,  and  higher 

inventory purchases, primarily for parts and supplies in the U.S. and U.K.; 

•  Lower collections of accounts receivable due to timing and amounts received in the prior year for transition services in connection 

with the sale of our Management Services business; partially offset by

•  Lower interest and tax payments.

Cash flows used by investing activities improved by $188 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to:

•  Lower acquisitions spending of $356 million; 
•  Higher cash from investment activities of $142 million;
•  An increase in reserve deposits of $22 million; and
•  Lower capital expenditures of $6 million; partially offset by
• 
•  Lower proceeds from asset sales of $34 million.

Proceeds of $292 million from the sale of Imagitas in 2015; and

Cash flows used by investing activities were $149 million higher in 2015 compared to 2014. primarily due to: 

•  Aggregate payments of $394 million for acquisitions; and
•  Higher cash used in investment activities of $10 million; partially offset by
•  Higher proceeds from the sale of businesses and other assets of $239 million; and 
•  Lower capital expenditures of $17 million. 

Cash flows used in financing activities improved $347 million in 2016 compared to 2015, primarily due to:

•  Higher cash flows from debt activity of $709 million as we had a net issuance of debt of $434 million in 2016 compared to a 

net reduction of debt of $275 million in 2015; partially offset by

•  Redemption of noncontrolling interests for $300 million; and
•  Higher share repurchases of $65 million.

Cash flows used in financing activities increased $259 million in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily due to:

•  Higher net payments to reduce debt of $184 million; 
•  Higher stock repurchases of $82 million. 

Financings and Capitalization

We are a Well-Known Seasoned Issuer with the SEC, which allows us to issue debt securities, preferred stock, preference stock, common 
stock, purchase contracts, depositary shares, warrants and units in an expedited fashion. We have a commercial paper program that is an 
important source of liquidity for us and a committed credit facility of $1.0 billion to support our commercial paper issuances.  The credit 
facility expires in January 2020, and as of December 31, 2016, we have not drawn upon the credit facility.

In 2016, commercial paper borrowings averaged $206 million at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.03% and the maximum amount of 
commercial paper outstanding at any point in time was $410 million. At December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding commercial paper 
borrowings.  At December 31, 2015, there was $90 million of outstanding commercial paper borrowings with an effective interest rate 
of 1.1%.   

2016 Activity
In January 2016, we borrowed $300 million under a term loan agreement and applied the proceeds to the repayment of the $371 million, 
4.75% notes due January 2016. The new term loans bear interest at the applicable Eurodollar Rate plus 1.5% (1.25% at time of issuance) 
and mature in December 2020. In September 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300 million to 
mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these variable-rate term loans. Under the terms of the swap agreement, we pay fixed-rate 
interest of 0.8826% and receive variable-rate interest based on one-month LIBOR. The variable rate resets monthly.  

In March 2016, we satisfied certain employment obligations stipulated in the State of Connecticut Department of Economic and Community 
Development loan (issued in 2014), and under the terms of the loan, $10 million was forgiven. We recorded loan forgiveness income in 
selling, general and administrative expenses.

26

    
 
In September 2016, we issued $600 million of 3.375% fixed-rate notes due in October 2021.  Interest is payable semi-annually and is 
subject  to  adjustment  from  time  to  time  if  either  Moody's  or  S&P  (or  a  substitute  ratings  agency)  downgrades  (or  downgrades  and 
subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to the notes. The notes mature in October 2021, but may be redeemed, at our option, 
in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time at par plus accrued and unpaid interest. The proceeds were used to repay approximately 
$300 million of outstanding commercial paper and redeem noncontrolling interests for $300 million (see Note 14 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements).

2015 Activity

We redeemed the $110 million 5.25% notes due November 2022 at par plus accrued but unpaid interest, repaid the $275 million 5% notes 
and repaid $130 million of outstanding term loans.  We borrowed $150 million under a new term loan that bears interest at the applicable 
Eurodollar Rate plus .90%.  The Eurodollar Rate on the date of funding was 0.59%. The term loan matures in June 2017.

2014 Activity

We issued $500 million of 4.625% fixed rate 10-year notes. The notes mature in March 2024, but may be redeemed, at any time, in whole 
or in part, at our option. If the notes are redeemed prior to December 15, 2023, the redemption price will be equal to the sum of 100% 
of the principal amount, accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole payment. Net proceeds of $493 million received after fees and 
discounts were used to fund the 2014 Tender Offer (see below).

We redeemed an aggregate $500 million of the 5.75% Notes due 2017 and the 5.25% Notes due 2037 through a cash tender offer (the 
2014 Tender Offer). Holders who validly tendered their notes received the principal amount, all accrued and unpaid interest and a premium 
payment. We incurred expenses of $62 million, consisting of the call premium, the write-off of unamortized costs and bank transaction 
fees. 

We also repaid $100 million of outstanding term loans and received a loan of $16 million from the State of Connecticut in connection 
with the relocation of our corporate headquarters. The loan consisted of a $15 million development loan and $1 million jobs-training 
grant that is subject to refund if certain conditions are not met. The loan requires monthly interest payments through November 2020 and 
principal and interest payments from December 2020 through maturity in November 2024. In 2015, we satisfied the conditions under 
the jobs-training grant.

Debt Maturities

We have $2 billion of debt maturing within the next five years, including $614 million scheduled to mature in 2017. While we fully 
expect to be able to fund these maturities with cash or by refinancing through the U.S. capital markets, these obligations could increase 
our vulnerability to adverse changes in capital market conditions and impact our ability to refinance existing maturities. 

Dividends and Share Repurchases

We paid dividends to our common stockholders of $141 million ($0.75 per share), $150 million ($0.75 per share) and $152 million ($0.75
per share) in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  Each quarter, our Board of Directors considers our recent and projected earnings and 
other capital needs and priorities in deciding whether to approve the payment, as well as the amount of a dividend. There are no material 
restrictions on our ability to declare dividends. 

We purchased $197 million, $150 million and $50 million of our common shares during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  We have 
remaining Board authorization to repurchase up to $21 million of our common shares. 

27

Contractual Obligations 

The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations at December 31, 2016 and the effect that such obligations are expected 
to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods:

Debt maturities
Interest payments on debt (1)
Noncancelable operating lease obligations

Purchase obligations (2)

Pension plan contributions (3)

Retiree medical payments (4)

Total

Payments due in

Total

2017

2018-19

2020-21

After 2021

$

$

3,381

1,155

189

145

22

150

$

614

148

46

145

22

18

$

901

194

71

—

—

34

$

900

150

33

—

—

32

966

663

39

—

—

66

$

5,042

$

993

$

1,200

$

1,115

$

1,734

The amount and period of future payments related to our income tax uncertainties cannot be reliably estimated and are not included in 
the above table. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.  

(1)  Assumes all debt is held to maturity. Certain notes are redeemable, either at our option or the bondholders, at par plus accrued interest 

before the scheduled maturity date.   

(2)  Includes unrecorded agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding upon us and that specify all 
significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the 
approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty.

(3)  Represents the amount of contributions we anticipate making to our pension plans during 2017; however, we will assess our funding 

alternatives as the year progresses.

(4)  Our retiree health benefit plans are nonfunded plans and cash contributions are made each year to cover medical claims costs incurred. 

The amounts reported in the above table represent our estimate of future benefits payments.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2016, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future 
effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for detailed 
information about our commitments and contingencies. 

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about 
certain  items  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues,  expenses  and  accompanying  disclosures,  including  the 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The accounting policies below have been identified by management as those accounting 
policies that are most critical to our financial statements due to the estimates and assumptions required. Management believes that the 
estimates and assumptions used are reasonable and appropriate based on the information available at the time the financial statements 
were prepared; however, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for a summary of our accounting policies.  

Revenue recognition - Multiple element arrangements

We derive revenue from multiple sources including sales, rentals, financing and services. Certain transactions are consummated at the 
same time and can therefore generate revenue from multiple sources. The most common form of these transactions involves a sale or 
noncancelable lease of equipment, a meter rental and an equipment maintenance agreement. As a result, we are required to determine 
whether the deliverables in a multiple element arrangement should be treated as separate units of accounting for revenue recognition 
purposes, and if so, how the price should be allocated among the delivered elements and when to recognize revenue for each element. 
We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when the fair values of undelivered elements are known, customer acceptance has 
occurred and payment is probable.

In these multiple element arrangements, revenue is allocated to each of the elements based on relative "selling prices" and the selling 
price for each of the elements is determined based on vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE). We establish VSOE of selling prices 
28

for our products and services based on the prices charged for each element when sold separately in standalone transactions. The allocation 
of relative selling price to the various elements impacts the timing of revenue recognition, but does not change the total revenue recognized. 
Revenue is allocated to the meter rental and equipment maintenance agreement elements using their respective selling prices charged in 
standalone and renewal transactions. For a sale transaction, revenue is allocated to the equipment based on a range of selling prices in 
standalone transactions. For a lease transaction, revenue is allocated to the equipment based on the present value of the remaining minimum 
lease payments. The amount allocated to equipment is compared to the range of selling prices in standalone transactions during the period 
to ensure the allocated equipment amount approximates average selling prices. 

We also have multiple element arrangements containing only software and software related elements. Under these arrangements, revenue 
is allocated based on VSOE, which is based on company specific stand-alone sales data or renewal rates. If we cannot obtain VSOE for 
any undelivered software element, revenue is deferred until all deliverables have been delivered or until VSOE can be determined for 
the remaining undelivered software elements. When the fair value of a delivered element cannot be established, but fair value evidence 
exists for the undelivered software elements, we use the residual method to recognize revenue. Under the residual method, the fair value 
of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement consideration is allocated to the delivered elements 
and recognized as revenue.  

Pension benefits 

The valuation of our pension assets and obligations and the calculation of net periodic pension expense are dependent on assumptions 
and estimates relating to, among other things, the interest rate used to discount the future estimated liability (discount rate) and the 
expected rate of return on plan assets. These assumptions are evaluated and updated annually. 

The discount rate for our largest plan, the U.S. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.S. Plan) is determined by matching the expected cash flows 
associated with our benefit obligations to a pool of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the 
measurement date. The discount rate for our largest foreign plan, the U.K. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.K. Plan), is determined by using 
a model that discounts each year's estimated benefit payments by an applicable spot rate derived from a yield curve created from a large 
number of high quality corporate bonds. The discount rate used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for 2016 was 4.55% 
for the U.S. Plan and 3.75% for the U.K. Plan. For 2017, the discount rate used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for 
the U.S. Plan and the U.K. Plan will be 4.2% and 2.55%, respectively. A 0.25% change in the discount rate would impact annual pension 
expense by less than $1 million for both the U.S. Plan and the U.K. Plan, and the projected benefit obligation of the U.S. Plan and U.K. 
Plan by $47 million and $25 million, respectively.

Pension assets are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market and credit risks. We invest our pension plan assets in a variety 
of investment securities in accordance with our strategic asset allocation policy. The expected return on plan assets is based on historical 
and expected future returns for current and targeted asset allocations for each asset class in the investment portfolio, adjusted for historical 
and expected experience of active portfolio management results, as compared to the benchmark returns.  The expected rate of return on 
plan assets used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for 2016 was 7.0% for the U.S. Plan and 6.5% for the U.K. Plan. 
For 2017, the expected rate of return on plan assets used in the determination of net periodic pension expense for the U.S. Plan will be 
6.75%% and the U.K. Plan will be 6.25%. A 0.25% change in the expected rate of return on plan assets would impact annual pension 
expense for the U.S. Plan by $4 million and the U.K. Plan by $1 million.  

Actual pension plan results that differ from our assumptions and estimates are accumulated and amortized over the life expectancy of 
inactive plan participants and affect future pension expense. Net pension expense is also based on a market-related valuation of plan 
assets where differences between the actual and expected return on plan assets are recognized in the calculation of the market-related 
value of assets over a five-year period. Effective December 31, 2014, plan benefits for participants in a majority of our U.S. and foreign 
pension plans were frozen. 

See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our pension plans. 

Residual value of leased assets

We provide financing for our equipment sales primarily through sales-type leases. Equipment residual values are determined at inception 
of the lease using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. Residual value estimates impact the determination of whether a 
lease is classified as an operating lease or a sales-type lease. Estimates of equipment fair value at end of lease term are based primarily 
on our historical experience. We also consider forecasted supply and demand for our various products, product retirement and future 
product  launch  plans,  end  of  lease  client  behavior,  regulatory  changes,  remanufacturing  strategies,  used  equipment  markets,  if  any, 
competition and technological changes.  

29

We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines in estimated residual values considered 
"other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Estimated increases in future residual values are not recognized until the equipment 
is remarketed. If the actual residual value of leased assets were 10% lower than management's current estimates, pre-tax income would 
be lower by $10 million.   

Allowances for doubtful accounts and credit losses

Finance receivables are comprised of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. We provide an allowance 
for probable credit losses based on historical loss experience, the nature and volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect 
a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to manage the collateral. At December 31, 2016 gross finance 
receivables aged greater than 90 days have grown since the implementation of our enterprise business platform in the second quarter of 
2016. We believe the majority of the increased delinquency in our sales-type lease portfolio is administrative in nature and the result of 
a change in our billing format and process under our new enterprise business platform. The billing format under our new platform is 
different and clients are in the process of transitioning to the new format and thus have not made payments timely. These accounts are 
considered delinquent under our policies, but we continue to expect full payment. While the aging as disclosed in Note 5 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements represents full remaining contract value only a small portion (approximately 25%) had actually been billed and 
recognized in income as of December 31, 2016.

As of December 31, 2016, we had North American sales-type lease receivables aged greater than 90 days with a full contract value of 
$63 million.  As of February 15, 2017, we have received payments with a contract value of $31 million related to these receivables. 

The quality of the portfolio has not changed. Our unsecured revolving loan portfolio delinquency has remained fairly constant when 
compared to the loan portfolio delinquency in our legacy platform and there have been no significant changes in customers within the 
portfolio itself.  Also, we use a third party to credit score our lease and loan portfolios. The credit quality of our portfolio as determined 
by this third party has shown no signs of deterioration suggesting that the increase in delinquency is not as a result of our customer's 
ability to pay, but instead is a result of changes made to invoice format and presentation. Accordingly, we believe that the allowance for 
credit losses is adequate.  

The allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of trade receivables was 3.1% at December 31, 2016 and 2.1% at December 31, 
2015. Holding all other assumptions constant, a 0.25% change in the allowance rate at December 31, 2016 would have changed the 2016
provision by $1 million. 

Total allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables was 1.3% at both December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. 
Holding all other assumptions constant, a 0.25% change in the allowance rate at December 31, 2016 would have changed the 2016
provision by $4 million. 

Income taxes and valuation allowance

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates, 
tax reserve changes and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment 
is required in determining the annual tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions.  

We regularly assess the likelihood of tax adjustments in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we have operations and account for the 
related financial statement implications. Tax reserves have been established that we believe to be appropriate given the possibility of tax 
adjustments. Determining the appropriate level of tax reserves requires us to exercise judgment regarding the uncertain application of 
tax laws. The amount of reserves is adjusted when information becomes available or when an event occurs indicating a change in the 
reserve is appropriate. Future changes in tax reserve requirements could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of 
operations.  

Significant judgment is also required in determining the amount of valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets. In 
assessing whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and the amount of such allowance, we consider all available evidence for each 
jurisdiction including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies.  
If new information becomes available that would alter our estimate of the amount of deferred tax assets that will ultimately be realized, 
we adjust the valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. 

Impairment review

Long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual 
disposition of the assets is compared to the carrying value. We derive the cash flow estimates from our long-term business plans and 
historical experience. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded 

30

for an amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value. The fair value of the impaired asset is determined using probability 
weighted expected cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and appraisals, as appropriate. Changes in the estimates 
and assumptions incorporated in our impairment assessment could materially affect the determination of fair value and the associated 
impairment charge.

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level during the fourth quarter or sooner when circumstances indicate 
an impairment may exist. The impairment test for goodwill is a two-step approach. In Step 1, the fair value of each reporting unit is 
determined and compared to the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its 
carrying value, then Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. In Step 2, the fair 
value of the reporting unit is allocated to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if it had been acquired in a business combination 
and the purchase price was equivalent to the fair value of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the 
amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is referred to as the implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of the reporting 
unit's goodwill is then compared to the actual carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying 
value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.

Significant estimates and assumptions are used in our goodwill impairment review and include the identification of reporting units, 
assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units and determining the fair value of each reporting 
unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined based on a combination of techniques, including the present value of future cash 
flows, multiples of competitors and multiples from sales of like businesses. The assumptions used to estimate fair value are based on 
projections incorporated in our current operating plans as well as other available information. Our operating plans include significant 
assumptions and estimates associated with sales growth, profitability and related cash flows, along with cash flows associated with taxes 
and capital spending. The determination of fair value also incorporates a risk-adjusted discount rate based on current interest rates and 
the economic conditions of the reporting unit. We also consider other assumptions that market participants may use. Changes in any of 
these estimates or assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and the associated goodwill impairment charge for 
each reporting unit. Potential events and circumstances, such as the inability to acquire new clients, downward pressures on pricing and 
rising interest rates could have an adverse impact on our assumptions and result in non-cash impairment charges in future periods.  

During the third quarter, based on the operating results of our Software Solutions reporting unit, we performed Step 1 of the goodwill 
impairment test to assess the adequacy of the carrying value of goodwill.  At that time, we determined that the estimated fair value of the 
reporting  unit  exceeded  its  carrying  value  by  15%  and  the  measurement  of  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  was  not  necessary.  The 
assumptions used to estimate fair value were based on projections of revenue and earnings growth, including a strong sales pipeline, 
operating cash flows, discount rate and market multiples. Additionally, we launched several initiatives during 2016 that we expected 
would drive revenue and earnings growth in the future, including the development of a new partner channel, the reorganization of the 
sales organization to improve sales efficiency and the pipeline of deals, the improvement of processes for acquiring new clients and the 
implementation of a more disciplined marketing strategy for new products.  

During the fourth quarter, however; our Software Solutions reporting unit experienced weaker than expected performance.  Based on 
this and including the soft operating results of 2016, we performed a goodwill impairment test that indicated the fair value of the Software 
Solutions reporting unit was less than its carrying value. We engaged a third party to perform Steps 1 and 2 of the goodwill impairment 
test and determined that the implied fair value of goodwill was less than the recorded goodwill and as a result recorded a non-cash, pre-
tax goodwill impairment charge of $171 million to write down the carrying value of goodwill to its estimated fair value. 

Actual results may differ from those used in our valuations and this non-recurring fair value measurement is a “Level 3” measurement 
under the fair value hierarchy. At December 31, 2016, the fair value of our Software unit now exceeds the recorded carrying value by 
over $125 million.

During the fourth quarter, we also conducted our annual impairment review of all our reporting units.  Based on the results of this review, 
we concluded that the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units, other than Software Solutions, were substantially in excess of 
their respective carrying values. 

Stock-based compensation expense

We recognize compensation cost for stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award, net of estimated forfeitures. 
Compensation costs for those shares expected to vest are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.  

The fair value of stock awards is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model or Monte Carlo simulation model. These models 
require assumptions to be made regarding the expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life of the award and dividend 
yield. The expected stock price volatility is based on historical price changes of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. 

31

Treasuries with a term equal to the expected life of the stock award. The expected life of the award and dividend yield are based on 
historical experience.  

We believe that the valuation techniques and the underlying assumptions are appropriate in estimating the fair value of our stock-based 
awards. If factors change causing our assumptions to change, our stock-based compensation expense could be different in the future. 
Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity 
awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value. In addition, we are required 
to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and recognize expense only for those shares expected to vest.  If our actual forfeiture rate is 
materially different from our estimate, stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded 
in the current period.

Restructuring 

Our restructuring actions require management to utilize certain estimates related to the amount and timing of expenses. If the actual 
amounts differ from our estimates, the amount of the restructuring charges could be impacted. On a quarterly basis, we update our estimates 
of future remaining obligations and costs associated with all restructuring actions and compare these updated estimates to our current 
restructuring reserves, and make adjustments if necessary.  

Loss contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. On a 
quarterly basis, we review the status of each significant matter and assess the potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any 
claim or legal action is considered probable and can be reasonably estimated, we establish a liability for the estimated loss. The assessment 
of  the  ultimate  outcome  of  each  claim  or  legal  action  and  the  determination  of  the  potential  financial  exposure  requires  significant 
judgment. Estimates of potential liabilities for claims or legal actions are based only on information that is available at that time. As 
additional information becomes available, we may revise our estimates, and these revisions could have a material impact on our results 
of operations and financial position.   

Legal and Regulatory Matters 

See Legal Proceedings in Item 3 for information regarding our legal proceedings and Other Tax Matters in Note 13 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements for regulatory matters regarding our tax returns.

Foreign Currency Exchange

During 2016, we derived 24% of our consolidated revenue from operations outside the United States. The functional currency for most 
of our foreign operations is the local currency. Our largest foreign currency exposures are to the British Pound, Euro and Canadian dollar 
(see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our foreign exchange derivative instruments). Changes 
in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of countries in which we operate impact our reported assets, liabilities, revenue 
and expenses. Exchange rate fluctuations can also impact the settlement of intercompany receivables and payables between our subsidiaries 
in different countries. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the translation of foreign currencies to U.S. dollar decreased 
revenues by 1.0%, 4.0% and 0.4%, respectively. 

32

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations due to our investing and funding activities and 
our operations denominated in different foreign currencies. Our objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to 
reduce the volatility in earnings and cash flows associated with the effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on transactions that 
are denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, we enter into various contracts, which change in value as foreign currency exchange 
rates change, to protect the value of external and intercompany transactions. The principal currencies actively hedged are the British 
Pound and Euro.

At December 31, 2016, 96% of our debt was fixed rate obligations at a weighted average interest rate of 4.6%. Our variable rate debt 
had a weighted average interest rate at December 31, 2016 of 1.80%. A one-percentage point change in the effective interest rate of our 
variable rate debt would not have had a material impact on our 2016 pre-tax income. 

We employ established policies and procedures governing the use of financial instruments to manage our exposure to such risks. We do 
not enter into foreign currency or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes. The gains and losses on these contracts are intended 
to offset changes in the value of the related exposures.

We utilize a "Value-at-Risk" (VaR) model to determine the potential loss in fair value from changes in market conditions. The VaR model 
utilizes a "variance/co-variance" approach and assumes normal market conditions, a 95% confidence level and a one-day holding period.  
The model includes all of our debt, interest rate derivative contracts and foreign exchange derivative contracts associated with forecasted 
transactions. The model excludes all anticipated transactions, firm commitments and accounts receivables and payables denominated in 
foreign currencies, which certain of these instruments are intended to hedge. The VaR model is a risk analysis tool and does not purport 
to represent actual losses in fair value that will be incurred, nor does it consider the potential effect of favorable changes in market factors.

During 2016 and 2015, our maximum potential one-day loss in fair value of our exposure to foreign exchange rates and interest rates, 
using the variance/co-variance technique described above, was not material.

ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data" in this Form 10-K.

ITEM 9.   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 

DISCLOSURE

None.

33

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), that are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed 
or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities 
and  Exchange  Commission’s  rules  and  forms,  and  to  reasonably  assure  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to allow timely decisions regarding 
required disclosure.

Any system of controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable (and not absolute) 
assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Management, under the direction of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness 
of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange 
Act. Notwithstanding this caution, the CEO and CFO have reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective 
as of December 31, 2016.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15
(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Management assessed the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2016.  In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on its assessment, management concluded 
that, as of December 31, 2016, the internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the criteria issued by COSO in Internal 
Control - Integrated Framework (2013).

We implemented a new enterprise business platform in the U.S. in 2016, after having implemented in Canada during the fourth quarter 
of 2015.  The implementation involved changes to our financial systems and other systems and accordingly, necessitated changes to our 
internal controls. Management has reviewed the controls affected by the implementation of the enterprise business platform and has made 
appropriate changes to internal controls as part of the implementation.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers 
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in this Form 10-K.  

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2016, that have 
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION

None.

34

PART III

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE   

Other than information regarding our executive officers disclosed in Part I of this Annual Report, the information required by this Item 
is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. 

Code of Ethics

We have a Business Practices Guidelines (BPG) that applies to all our officers and other employees. Our Board of Directors also has a 
Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics  (the  Code)  that  applies  to  our  directors. The  BPG  and  the  Code  are  posted  on  our  corporate 
governance  website  located  at  www.pb.com/us/our-company/leadership-and-governance/corporate-governance.html. Amendments  to 
either the BPG or the Code and any waiver from a provision of the BPG or the Code requiring disclosure will be disclosed on our corporate 
governance website.

Audit Committee - Audit Committee Financial Expert

The information regarding the Audit Committee, its members and the Audit Committee financial experts is incorporated by reference to 
our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM  12.    SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND  RELATED   

STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION TABLE

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2016 regarding the number of shares of common stock that may be issued 
under our equity compensation plans.

(a)
Number of securities to 
be issued upon exercise 
of outstanding options, 
warrants and rights

(b)
Weighted-average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights

(c) 
Number of securities 
remaining available for 
future issuance under 
equity compensation 
plans excluding 
securities reflected in 
column (a)

11,112,119

—
11,112,119

$24.81

—
$24.81

18,361,915

—
18,361,915

Plan Category

Equity compensation plans approved by

security holders

Equity compensation plans not approved by

security holders

Total

Other than information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, the information required by this 
Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2017 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders.

35

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

(a)  1.  Financial statements - see "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data" on page 37 of this Form 10-

K.

2.  Financial statement schedules - see "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental Data" on page 37 of this 

Form 10-K.

3. 

Index to Exhibits

Reg. S-K
exhibits
3(a)

3(b)

4(a)

4(b)

4(c)

4(d)

10(a) *

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Pitney Bowes Inc.

Description

Pitney Bowes Inc. Amended and Restated By-laws (effective May 
10, 2013)

Form of Indenture between the Company and SunTrust Bank, as 
Trustee

Supplemental Indenture No. 1 dated April 18, 2003 between the 
Company and SunTrust Bank, as Trustee

Form of Indenture between the Company and Citibank, N.A., as 
Trustee, dated as of February 14, 2005

First Supplemental Indenture, by and among Pitney Bowes Inc., 
The Bank of New York, and Citibank, N.A., to the Indenture, dated 
as  of  February  14,  2005,  by  and  between  the  Company  and 
Citibank
Retirement Plan for Directors of Pitney Bowes Inc.

10(b.3) *

Pitney Bowes Inc. Directors' Stock Plan (Amended and Restated 
effective May 12, 2014)

10(c) *

Pitney Bowes Stock Plan (as amended and restated as of January 
1, 2002)

10(d) *

Pitney  Bowes  Inc.  2007  Stock  Plan  (as  amended  November  7, 
2009)

10(e) *

Pitney Bowes Inc. Key Employees' Incentive Plan (as amended 
and restated October 1, 2007) (as amended November 7, 2009)

10(f) *

Pitney  Bowes  Severance  Plan  (as  amended  and  restated  as  of 
January 1, 2008)

10(g) *

Pitney Bowes Senior  Executive  Severance  Policy (as amended 
and restated as of January 1, 2008)

Reg. S-K
exhibits
10(h) *

Description
Pitney Bowes Inc. Deferred Incentive Savings Plan for the Board 
of Directors, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2009

10(i) *

Pitney Bowes Inc. Deferred Incentive Savings Plan as amended 
and restated effective January 1, 2009

Status or incorporation by reference
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(c) to Form 8-K filed with 
the  Commission  on  May  12,  2011  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(d) to Form 8-K filed with 
the  Commission  on  May  13,  2013  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Registration Statement 
on  Form  S-3  (No.  333-72304)  filed  with  the  Commission  on 
October 26, 2001
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed with 
the Commission on August 18, 2004

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to Registration Statement 
on Form S-3ASR (No. 333-151753) filed with the Commission 
on June 18, 2008
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed with 
the Commission on October 24, 2007 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Form 10-K filed with 
the  Commission  on  March  30,  1993  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b.3) to Form 10-K filed 
with  the  Commission  on  February    22,  2016  (Commission  file 
number 1-3579)

Incorporated  by  reference  to  Annex  1  to  the  Definitive  Proxy 
Statement for the 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with 
the  Commission  on  March  26,  2002  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (v) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 26, 2010 (Commission file number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (iv) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 26, 2010 (Commission file number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(e) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 29, 2008 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 29, 2008 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

Status or incorporation by reference
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 26, 2009 (Commission file number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(h) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 26, 2009 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

36

 
 
Incorporated  by  reference  to Annex  II  to  the  Definitive  Proxy 
Statement for the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with 
the  Commission  on  March  23,  2006  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(k) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February 21, 2014 (Commission file number 
1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed May 
11, 2015 (Commission file number 1-3579)
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed May 
7, 2015 (Commission file number 1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February  22, 2016 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(p) to Form 10-K filed with 
the Commission on February  22, 2016 (Commission file number 
1-3579)

Incorporated  by  reference  to Annex A  to  the  Definitive  Proxy 
Statement for the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with 
the  Commission  on  March  25,  2013  (Commission  file  number 
1-3579)
Exhibit 12

Exhibit 21

Exhibit 23

Exhibit 31.1

Exhibit 31.2

Exhibit 32.1

Exhibit 32.2

10(j) *

Pitney Bowes Inc. 1998 U.K. S.A.Y.E. Stock Option Plan

10(k) *

Form of Long Term Incentive Award Agreement

10(l)*

10(m)*

10(o)*

Stock purchase agreement dated May 11, 2015 between Pitney 
Bowes Inc. and Red Ventures HoldCo, LP.
Agreement and plan of mergers dated May 5, 2015, by and among 
Pitney Bowes Inc., BrickBreaker Acquisition Corp and Borderfree 
Inc.
Pitney Bowes Director Equity Deferral plan dated November 8, 
2013 (effective May 12, 2014)

10(p)*

Pitney Bowes Executive Equity Deferral Plan dated November 7, 
2014

10(q)*

Pitney Bowes Inc. 2013 Stock Plan

12

21

23

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges

Subsidiaries of the registrant

Consent of experts and counsel

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14
(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended.
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14
(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended.
Certification  of  Chief  Executive  Officer Pursuant  to  18  U.S.C. 
Section 1350
Certification  of  Chief  Financial  Officer  Pursuant  to  18  U.S.C. 
Section 1350

101.INS XBRL Report Instance Document

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

* The Exhibits identified above with an asterisk (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

The Company has outstanding certain other long-term indebtedness.  Such long-term indebtedness does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company; therefore, 
copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of such indebtedness are not included as exhibits.  The Company agrees to furnish copies of such instruments to the 
SEC upon request.

37

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to 
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 22, 2017 

PITNEY BOWES INC.
Registrant

By: /s/ Marc B. Lautenbach   __
    Marc B. Lautenbach
    President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf 
of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

/s/ Marc B. Lautenbach
Marc B. Lautenbach

Title

Date

President and Chief Executive Officer - Director

February 22, 2017

/s/ Stanley J. Sutula III                                 
Stanley J. Sutula III

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal
Financial Officer)

February 22, 2017

/s/ Steven J. Green
Steven J. Green

/s/ Michael I. Roth
Michael I. Roth

/s/ Linda G. Alvarado
Linda G. Alvarado

/s/ Anne M. Busquet
Anne M. Busquet

/s/ Roger Fradin
Roger Fradin

/s/ Anne Sutherland Fuchs
Anne Sutherland Fuchs

/s/ S. Douglas Hutcheson
S. Douglas Hutcheson

/s/ Eduardo R. Menascé
Eduardo R. Menascé

/s/ Linda S. Sanford
Linda S. Sanford

/s/ David L. Shedlarz
David L. Shedlarz

/s/ David B. Snow, Jr.
David B. Snow, Jr.

Vice President-Finance and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal
Accounting Officer)

February 22, 2017

Non-Executive Chairman - Director

February 22, 2017

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

38

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

February 22, 2017

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Financial Statements of Pitney Bowes Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Page Number

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

91

39

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive 
income, of stockholders’ deficit (equity) and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Pitney Bowes 
Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three 
years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  
In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the 
information  set  forth  therein  when  read in  conjunction  with  the  related  consolidated financial statements.  Also  in  our  opinion,  the 
Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on 
criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (COSO).  The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement 
schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control 
over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A.  Our 
responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits.  We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public 
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial 
reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence 
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting 
included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable 
basis for our opinions.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for debt issuance 
costs as of December 31, 2016.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations 
of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (iii) provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections 
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Stamford, CT
February 22, 2017

40

PITNEY BOWES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue:

Equipment sales
Supplies
Software
Rentals
Financing
Support services
Business services
Total revenue
Costs and expenses:

Cost of equipment sales
Cost of supplies
Cost of software
Cost of rentals
Financing interest expense
Cost of support services
Cost of business services
Selling, general and administrative
Research and development
Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net
 Goodwill impairment
Interest expense, net
Other expense (income), net
Total costs and expenses

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Income from continuing operations
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income
Less: Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.
Amounts attributable to common stockholders:
Net income from continuing operations
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):

Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):

Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Dividends declared per share of common stock

(1)  The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

2016

Years Ended December 31,
2015

2014

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

675,451
262,682
348,661
412,738
366,547
512,820
827,676
3,406,575

331,942
81,420
105,841
76,040
55,241
295,685
568,509
1,200,327
121,306
63,296
171,092
88,970
536
3,160,205
246,370
131,819
114,551
(2,701)
111,850
19,045
92,805

95,506
(2,701)
92,805

0.51
(0.01)
0.49

0.51
(0.01)
0.49

0.75

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

695,159
288,103
386,506
441,663
410,035
554,764
801,830
3,578,060

331,069
88,802
113,580
84,188
71,791
322,960
546,201
1,279,961
110,156
25,782
—
87,583
(94,838)
2,967,235
610,825
189,778
421,047
5,271
426,318
18,375
407,943

402,672
5,271
407,943

2.01
0.03
2.04

2.00
0.03
2.03

0.75

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

770,371
300,040
429,743
484,629
432,859
625,135
778,727
3,821,504

365,724
93,675
123,760
97,338
78,562
377,003
544,729
1,378,400
109,931
84,560
—
90,888
45,738
3,390,308
431,196
112,815
318,381
33,749
352,130
18,375
333,755

300,006
33,749
333,755

1.49
0.17
1.65

1.47
0.17
1.64

0.75

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)

Net income

Less: Preferred stock dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

111,850

$

426,318

$

19,045

92,805

18,375

407,943

352,130

18,375

333,755

Foreign currency translations
Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $1,513, $484,  and $1,080,

respectively

Net unrealized (loss) gain on available for sale securities, net of tax of $(244), $(1,427)

and $2,775, respectively

Adjustments to pension and postretirement plans, net of tax of $(14,430), $13,844 and

$(106,336), respectively

Amortization of pension and postretirement costs, net of tax of $17,550, $15,966, and

$15,643, respectively

Other comprehensive loss

(4,464)

(88,137)

(93,368)

2,427

(416)

777

(2,430)

1,691

4,735

(73,141)

19,146

(212,818)

24,096

(51,498)

28,165

(42,479)

28,160

(271,600)

Comprehensive income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

$

41,307

$

365,464

$

62,155

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

42

PITNEY BOWES INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)

ASSETS
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $14,372 and $9,997, respectively)
Short-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $13,323 and $15,480, respectively)
Inventories
Current income taxes
Other current assets and prepayments

Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Rental property and equipment, net
Long-term finance receivables (net of allowance of $7,177 and $6,210, respectively)
Goodwill
Intangible assets, net
Noncurrent income taxes
Other assets
Total assets

LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Current income taxes
Current portion of long-term obligations
Advance billings
Total current liabilities
Deferred taxes on income
Tax uncertainties and other income tax liabilities
Long-term debt
Other noncurrent liabilities
Total liabilities

Noncontrolling interests (Preferred stockholders’ equity in subsidiaries)
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 17)

Stockholders’ (deficit) equity:

Cumulative preferred stock, $50 par value, 4% convertible
Cumulative preference stock, no par value, $2.12 convertible
Common stock, $1 par value (480,000,000 shares authorized; 323,337,912 shares issued)
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury stock, at cost (137,669,194 and 127,816,704 shares, respectively)

Total Pitney Bowes Inc. stockholders’ (deficit) equity
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ (deficit) equity

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31,
2016

December 31,
2015

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

764,522
38,448
455,527
893,950
92,726
11,373
68,637
2,325,183
314,603
188,054
673,207
1,571,335
165,172
74,806
524,773
5,837,133

1,378,822
34,434
614,485
299,878
2,327,619
204,289
61,276
2,750,405
597,204
5,940,793

640,190
127,388
476,583
918,383
88,824
6,584
67,400
2,325,352
330,088
177,515
760,657
1,745,957
187,378
70,294
525,891
6,123,132

1,448,321
16,620
461,085
353,025
2,279,051
205,668
68,429
2,489,583
605,310
5,648,041

—

296,370

1
483
323,338
148,125
5,107,734
(940,133)
(4,743,208)
(103,660)
5,837,133

$

1
505
323,338
161,280
5,155,537
(888,635)
(4,573,305)
178,721
6,123,132

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income
Restructuring payments
Special pension plan contribution
Net tax (payments) receipts from other investments
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

$

Restructuring charges and asset impairments
Goodwill impairment
Depreciation and amortization
Loss (gain) on sale of businesses
Gain on sale of leveraged lease assets, net of tax
Gain on debt forgiveness
Stock-based compensation
Deferred tax provision
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures:

Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable
Decrease in finance receivables
(Increase) decrease in inventories
Increase in other current assets and prepayments
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(Decrease) increase in current and non-current income taxes
(Decrease) increase in advance billings
Other, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
Proceeds from sales/maturities of investment securities
Net change in short-term and other investments
Capital expenditures
Proceeds from sale of assets
Reserve account deposits and other
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash transferred
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Other investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
Principal payments of long-term obligations
(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings
Dividends paid to stockholders
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests
Common stock repurchases
 Redemption of noncontrolling interests
Other financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
Cash interest paid
Cash income tax payments, net of refunds

$
$
$

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

111,850
(64,930)
(36,731)
—

63,296
171,092
178,486
5,786
—
(10,000)
14,882
3,940

44,022
119,883
(6,995)
(14,203)
(64,880)
(1,035)
(40,248)
16,477
490,692

(212,810)
211,696
75,654
(160,831)
17,671
(2,183)
—
(37,842)
(6,908)
(115,553)

894,744
(371,007)
(90,000)
(140,608)
(18,528)
(197,267)
(300,000)
(1,433)
(224,099)
(26,708)
124,332
640,190
764,522
150,567
127,299

$

$

426,318
(62,086)
—
(20,602)

25,782
—
173,312
(105,826)
(2,152)
—
21,049
40,184

(35,925)
95,341
(7,621)
(10,557)
(102,655)
21,567
1,344
57,583
515,056

(205,256)
207,063
(69,017)
(166,746)
52,110
(24,202)
289,211
(393,695)
7,339
(303,193)

150,950
(516,070)
90,000
(150,114)
(18,375)
(131,719)
—
4,603
(570,725)
(44,387)
(403,249)
1,043,439
640,190
165,287
138,877

$
$
$

$
$
$

352,130
(56,162)
—
5,737

83,466
—
198,088
(28,151)
—
—
17,446
1,454

45,511
117,902
9,104
(6,961)
(53,100)
(52,080)
(18,695)
42,599
658,288

(680,582)
628,727
(5,637)
(183,318)
—
(15,666)
102,392
—
(577)
(154,661)

508,525
(599,850)
—
(151,611)
(18,375)
(50,003)
—
(530)
(311,844)
(29,082)
162,701
880,738
1,043,439
180,250
203,193

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

44

 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY 
(In thousands)

Preferred
stock

Preference
stock

Common
Stock

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss

Treasury
stock

Total equity

Balance at December 31, 2013

$

4

$

591

$ 323,338

$

196,977

$ 4,715,564

$

(574,556) $ (4,456,742) $

205,176

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Other comprehensive loss

Cash dividends

Common

Preference

Issuances of common stock

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Conversions to common stock

(3)

(43)

Stock-based compensation

Repurchase of common stock

Repurchase of subsidiary shares from
noncontrolling interest

Balance at December 31, 2014

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Other comprehensive income

Cash dividends

Common

Preference

Issuances of common stock

Conversions to common stock

Stock-based compensation

Repurchase of common stock

Balance at December 31, 2015

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Other comprehensive loss

Cash dividends

Common

Preference

Issuances of common stock

Conversions to common stock

Stock-based compensation

Repurchase of common stock

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(27,081)

(970)

17,446

—

(7,520)

333,755

—

—

(271,600)

(151,567)

(44)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(43)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(37,705)

(916)

21,049

—

407,943

—

—

(42,479)

(150,073)

(41)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

28,697

1,016

333,755

(271,600)

(151,567)

(44)

1,616

—

—

17,446

(50,003)

(50,003)

—

—

—

—

—

34,487

959

—

(7,520)

77,259

407,943

(42,479)

(150,073)

(41)

(3,218)

—

21,049

(131,719)

(131,719)

548

323,338

178,852

4,897,708

(846,156)

(4,477,032)

505

323,338

161,280

5,155,537

(888,635)

(4,573,305)

178,721

—

—

—

—

—

(22)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(27,856)

(456)

15,157

—

92,805

—

—

(51,498)

(140,570)

(38)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

26,886

478

—

92,805

(51,498)

(140,570)

(38)

(970)

—

15,157

(197,267)

(197,267)

Balance at December 31, 2016

$

1

$

483

$ 323,338

$

148,125

$ 5,107,734

$

(940,133) $ (4,743,208) $

(103,660)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

45

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Pitney Bowes Inc. (we, us, our, or the company) and its wholly owned subsidiaries 
have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Intercompany 
transactions  and  balances  have  been  eliminated.  Certain  prior  year  amounts  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  current  year 
presentation. 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues,  expenses  and  accompanying  disclosures,  including  the  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and 
liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best knowledge of current events, historical experience and other 
information available when the financial statements are prepared. These estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition for 
multiple element arrangements, the allocation of purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in 
business combinations, goodwill and intangible asset impairment review, allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses, residual 
values of leased assets, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, restructuring costs, pensions and other postretirement costs, income 
tax reserves, deferred tax asset valuation allowance, stock-based compensation expense and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ 
from those estimates and assumptions.  

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Cash equivalents include liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Short-term investments include 
investments with a maturity of greater than three months but less than one year from the reporting date.

Investment Securities

Investment securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are 
carried at amortized cost. Investment securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair 
value,  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  reported  in  other  comprehensive  income,  net  of  tax.  Purchase  premiums  and  discounts  are 
recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the term of the security. Gains and losses on the sale of available-
for-sale securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. Investment securities are 
recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and other assets depending on the 
investment's maturity. 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

We estimate the probable losses on accounts receivable and provide an allowance for doubtful accounts. The estimate of probable losses 
is based on historical loss experience, aging of receivables, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay and prevailing 
economic conditions. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts and make adjustments as necessary. 
The assumptions used in determining an estimate of probable losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly 
from estimated reserves. 

Accounts receivable are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date.  Accounts deemed uncollectible are written off against the 
allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our 
accounts receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances 
for most of our clients. 

Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Finance receivables are composed of sales-type lease receivables and unsecured revolving loan receivables. We estimate the probable 
losses and provide an allowance for credit losses. The estimate of probable losses is based on historical loss experience, the nature and 
volume of our portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, prevailing economic conditions and our ability to 
manage the collateral. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and make adjustments as necessary. The 
assumptions used in determining an estimate of credit losses are inherently subjective and actual results may differ significantly from 
estimated reserves.  

46

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

We establish credit approval limits based on the credit quality of the client and the type of equipment financed. Our policy is to discontinue 
revenue recognition for lease receivables that are more than 120 days past due and for unsecured loan receivables that are more than 90 
days past due. We resume revenue recognition when the client's payments reduce the account aging to less than 60 days past due. Finance 
receivables deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management 
deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our finance receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry 
diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. 

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis for most U.S. inventories 
and on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis for most non-U.S. inventories.  At December 31, 2016 and 2015, approximately 70% of our 
inventories were stated under the LIFO method.

Fixed Assets

Property, plant and equipment and rental equipment are stated at cost and depreciated principally using the straight-line method over 
their estimated useful lives, which are up to 50 years for buildings, three to 15 years for machinery and equipment, four to six years for 
rental equipment and three to five years for computer equipment. Major improvements which add to productive capacity or extend the 
life of an asset are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Leasehold improvements are amortized 
over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the remaining lease term.  Fully depreciated assets are retained in fixed assets and accumulated 
depreciation until they are removed from service.

We capitalize certain costs of software developed for internal use. Capitalized costs include purchased materials and services, payroll 
and personnel-related costs and interest. The cost of internally developed software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated 
useful life, principally three to 10 years.

Intangible assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, principally three to 15, using either the straight-line method 
or an accelerated attrition method. 

Research and Development Costs

Research and product development costs include engineering costs related to research and product development activities and are expensed 
as incurred.  

Impairment Review for Long-lived and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use and 
eventual disposition of the asset is compared to the asset's carrying value. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the asset's 
carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded for an amount by which the asset's carrying value exceeds its fair value. The fair value 
of the impaired asset is determined using probability weighted expected cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and 
appraisals, as appropriate. We derive cash flow estimates from our long-term business plans and historical experience.  

Impairment Review for Goodwill

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level during the fourth quarter or sooner when circumstances indicate 
an impairment may exist. A reporting unit is the operating segment, or a business that is one level below that operating segment.  Reporting 
units are aggregated as a single reporting unit if they have similar economic characteristics. Goodwill is tested for impairment using a 
two-step approach. In Step 1, the fair value of each reporting unit is determined and compared to the reporting unit's carrying value, 
including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test is 
performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. In Step 2, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to the assets and liabilities 
of the reporting unit as if it had been acquired in a business combination and the purchase price was equivalent to the fair value of the 
reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is referred to as the 
implied fair value of goodwill. The implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is then compared to the actual carrying value of 
goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized for the 
difference. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined based on a combination of various techniques, including the present value of 
future cash flows, multiples of competitors and multiples from sales of like businesses. 

47

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Retirement Plans

Net periodic benefit cost includes current service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets and the amortization of actuarial gains 
and losses. Actuarial gains and losses arise from actual experiences that differ from previous assumptions as well as changes in assumptions 
including expected return on plan assets, discount rates used to measure pension and other postretirement obligations and life expectancy. 
The expected return on assets is measured using the market-related value of assets, which is a calculated value that recognizes changes 
in the fair value of plan assets over five years. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and 
amortized to benefit cost over the life expectancy of inactive plan participants. The funded status of pension and other postretirement 
benefit plans is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Stock-based Compensation

We measure compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the awards expected to vest (net of 
estimated forfeitures) and recognize the expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock awards 
is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model or a Monte Carlo simulation model.  These models require assumptions be made 
regarding the expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, life of the award and dividend yield. The expected stock price volatility 
is based on historical price changes of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasuries with a term equal to the expected 
life of the stock award. The expected life of the award and expected dividend yield are based on historical experience.  We believe that 
the valuation techniques and underlying assumptions are appropriate in estimating the fair value of stock awards.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from multiple sources including sales, rentals, financing and services. Certain transactions are consummated at the 
same time and can therefore generate revenue from multiple sources. The most common form of these transactions involves a sale or 
noncancelable lease of equipment, a meter rental and an equipment maintenance agreement. In these multiple element arrangements, 
revenue is allocated to each of the elements based on relative "selling prices" and the selling price for each of the elements is determined 
based on vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE). We establish VSOE of selling prices for our products and services based on the 
prices charged for each element when sold separately in standalone transactions. The allocation of relative selling price to the various 
elements impacts the timing of revenue recognition, but does not change the total revenue recognized. Revenue is allocated to the meter 
rental and equipment maintenance agreement elements using their respective selling prices charged in standalone and renewal transactions. 
For a sale transaction, revenue is allocated to the equipment based on a range of selling prices in standalone transactions. For a lease 
transaction, revenue is allocated to the equipment based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments. The amount 
allocated to equipment is compared to the range of selling prices in standalone transactions during the period to ensure the allocated 
equipment amount approximates average selling prices. More specifically, revenue related to our offerings is recognized as follows:

Sales Revenue

Sales of Equipment
We sell equipment directly to our customers and to distributors (re-sellers) throughout the world. We recognize revenue from these sales 
when the risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the client, which is generally upon shipment or acceptance by the customer. We 
recognize revenue from the sale of equipment under sales-type leases as equipment sales revenue at the inception of the lease. We do not 
typically offer any rights of return or stock balancing rights. Sales revenue from customized equipment, mail creation equipment and 
shipping products is generally recognized when installed.  

Sales of Supplies
Revenue related to supplies is generally recognized upon delivery.

Standalone Software Sales and Integration Services
We also have multiple element arrangements containing only software and software related elements. Software related elements may 
include  maintenance  and  support  services,  data  subscriptions,  training  and  integration  services.  Under  these  multiple  element 
arrangements, we allocate revenue based on VSOE for software related elements and use the residual method to determine the amount 
of software licenses revenue. Under the residual method, the fair-value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion 
of the arrangement consideration is allocated to the delivered elements and recognized as revenue. The majority of our software license 
arrangements are bundled with maintenance and support services and we establish VSOE of fair value using a bell-shaped curve analysis 
for maintenance and support services renewal rates. If we cannot obtain VSOE for any undelivered software element, revenue is deferred 
until all deliverables have been delivered or until VSOE can be determined for any remaining undelivered software elements. 

We recognize revenue from standalone software licenses upon delivery of the product when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, 
delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed and determinable and collectability is probable. For software licenses that are included in a lease 
contract, we recognize revenue upon shipment of the software unless the lease contract specifies that the license expires at the end of the 

48

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

lease or the price of the software is deemed not fixed or determinable based on historical evidence of similar software leases. In these 
instances, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease contract. We recognize revenue from software requiring 
integration services at the point of customer acceptance. We recognize revenue related to off-the-shelf perpetual software licenses generally 
upon shipment.

Rentals Revenue 

We rent equipment, primarily postage meters and mailing equipment, under short-term rental agreements. Rentals revenue includes 
revenue from the subscription for digital meter services. We may invoice in advance for postage meter rentals according to the terms of 
the agreement. We initially defer these advanced billings and recognize rentals revenue on a straight-line basis over the invoice period.  
Revenues generated from financing clients for the continued use of equipment subsequent to the expiration of the original lease are 
recognized as rentals revenue. 

We capitalize certain initial direct costs incurred in consummating a rental transaction and recognize these costs over the expected term 
of the agreement. Amortization of initial direct costs was $7 million, $8 million and $10 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 
Initial direct costs included in rental property and equipment, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015
were $11 million and $13 million, respectively.  

Financing Revenue

We provide lease financing for our products primarily through sales-type leases.  We also provide revolving lines of credit to our clients 
for the purchase of postage and supplies. We believe that our sales-type lease portfolio contains only normal collection risk.  Accordingly, 
we record the fair value of equipment as sales revenue, the cost of equipment as cost of sales and the minimum lease payments plus the 
estimated residual value as finance receivables. The difference between the finance receivable and the equipment fair value is recorded 
as unearned income and is amortized as income over the lease term using the interest method.  

Equipment residual values are determined at inception of the lease using estimates of equipment fair value at the end of the lease term.  
Estimates of future equipment fair value are based primarily on historical experience. We also consider forecasted supply and demand 
for various products, product retirement and launch plans, regulatory changes, remanufacturing strategies, used equipment markets, if 
any, competition and technological changes. We evaluate residual values on an annual basis or sooner if circumstances warrant. Declines 
in estimated residual values considered "other-than-temporary" are recognized immediately. Estimated increases in future residual values 
are not recognized until the equipment is remarketed. 

Support Services Revenue

We provide support services for our equipment primarily through maintenance contracts.  Revenue related to these agreements is recognized 
on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.

Business Services Revenue

Business services revenue includes revenue from presort mail services, global ecommerce solutions and shipping solutions. Prior to our 
divestiture of Imagitas in May 2015, business services revenue also included revenues from direct marketing services. Revenue for these 
services were recognized as the services were provided. 

We also evaluate whether it is appropriate to record revenue on a gross basis when we are acting as a principal in the transaction or net 
of costs when we are acting as an agent between the client and the vendor. We consider several factors in determining whether we are 
acting as principal or agent such as whether we are the primary obligor to the client, have control over the pricing and have credit risk.  

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling costs are recognized as incurred and recorded in cost of revenues.

Deferred Marketing Costs

We capitalize certain costs associated with the acquisition of new customers and recognize these costs over the expected revenue stream 
of eight years. Amortization of deferred marketing costs was $15 million, $18 million and $23 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  
Deferred marketing costs included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $38 million
and $43 million, respectively. We review individual marketing programs for impairment on a quarterly basis or as circumstances warrant.  

49

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Restructuring Charges

Costs associated with restructuring actions and other exit or disposal activities include employee severance and other employee separation 
costs and lease termination costs.  These costs are recognized when a liability has been incurred, which is generally upon communication 
to the affected employees or exit from a leased facility, and the amount to be paid is both probable and reasonably estimable. The rates 
used in determining severance accruals are based on company policy, historical experience and negotiated settlements.

Derivative Instruments 

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We limit 
these  risks  by  following  established  risk  management  policies  and  procedures,  including  the  use  of  derivatives.  We  use  derivative 
instruments to limit the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations on financial results and manage the related cost of debt. We do not 
use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.  

We record our derivative instruments at fair value and the accounting for changes in fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative, 
the resulting designation and the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the risk exposure it is designed to hedge. To qualify as a 
hedge, a derivative must be highly effective in offsetting the risk designated for hedging purposes. The hedge relationship must be formally 
documented at inception, detailing the particular risk management objective and strategy for the hedge. The effectiveness of the hedge 
relationship is evaluated on a retrospective and prospective basis.  

The use of derivative instruments exposes us to counterparty credit risk. To mitigate such risks, we enter into contracts with only those 
financial  institutions  that  meet  stringent  credit  requirements.  We  regularly  review  our  credit  exposure  balances  as  well  as  the 
creditworthiness of our counterparties. We have not seen a material change in the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative 
counterparties.

Income Taxes

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts 
of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected 
to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a 
change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such 
change.  A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing 
whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and the amount of such allowance, we consider all available evidence for each jurisdiction 
including  past  operating  results,  estimates  of  future  taxable  income  and  the  feasibility  of  ongoing  tax  planning  strategies.   As  new 
information becomes available that would alter our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that will ultimately be realized, 
we adjust the valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. 

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per 
share also includes the dilutive effect of stock awards, preference stock, preferred stock and stock purchase plans.

Translation of Non-U.S. Currency Amounts

In general, the functional currency of our foreign operations is the local currency. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside 
the U.S. are translated at rates in effect at the end of the period and revenue and expenses are translated at average monthly rates during 
the period. Net deferred translation gains and losses are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.  

Loss Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. On a 
quarterly basis, we review the status of each significant matter and assess the potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any 
claim or legal action is considered probable and can be reasonably estimated, we establish a liability for the estimated loss. The assessment 
of  the  ultimate  outcome  of  each  claim  or  legal  action  and  the  determination  of  the  potential  financial  exposure  requires  significant 
judgment. Estimates of potential liabilities for claims or legal actions are based only on information that is available at that time. As 
additional information becomes available, we may revise our estimates, and these revisions could have a material impact on our results 
of operations and financial position. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

50

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Reclassification

During the second quarter of 2016, we determined that certain amounts included in finance receivables and rental property and equipment 
should be classified as accounts receivable and other current assets and prepayments.  Accordingly, the Consolidated Balance Sheet as 
of December 31, 2015 was revised to increase accounts receivable by $19 million and prepaid and other current assets by $3 million and 
reduce rental property and equipment by $3 million, short-term finance receivables by $17 million and long-term finance receivables by 
$2  million.   The Consolidated  Statement of  Cash  Flows  for  the  years ended  December  31,  2015  and  2014  have  also  been  adjusted 
accordingly, but the impact was not material.

During 2016, we determined that certain investments were classified as cash and cash equivalents.  Accordingly the Consolidated Balance 
Sheet as of December 2015 has been revised to reduce cash and cash equivalents and increase short-term investments by $10 million.  
Additionally, the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 have also been revised to 
reflect the reduction in cash and cash equivalents and increase to short-term investments.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements - Standards Adopted in 2016

In September 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2015-16, Business 
Combinations - Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which eliminates the requirement to restate prior period 
financial statements for measurement period adjustments.  The new guidance requires that the cumulative impact of a measurement period 
adjustment (including the impact on prior periods) be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment is identified.  Consistent 
with existing guidance, the new guidance requires an acquirer to disclose the nature and amount of measurement period adjustments. We 
adopted this standard as of January 1, 2016, and there was no impact to the consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software, Customer's Accounting for 
Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, which provides guidance on fees paid by an entity in a cloud computing arrangement 
and whether an arrangement includes a license to the underlying software. We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2016, and there was 
no impact to the consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires debt issuance costs 
to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the associated debt liability. We adopted this standard effective January 
1, 2016 and recast the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015 to reduce other assets and long-term debt by $18 
million.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items, which removes the concept of 
extraordinary items, thereby eliminating the need for companies to assess transactions for extraordinary treatment. The standard retained 
the presentation and disclosure requirements for items that are unusual in nature and/or infrequent in occurrence. We adopted this standard 
as of January 1, 2016, and there was no impact to the financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements - Standards Not Yet Adopted

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes: Inter-entity Transfers of Assets other than Inventory, which requires 
tax expense to be recognized from the sale of intra-entity assets, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs, even though the effects 
of the transaction are eliminated in consolidation. Under current guidance, the tax effects of transfers are deferred until the transferred 
asset is sold or otherwise recovered through use. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 
2017 and early adoption is permitted, including adoption during an interim period. We are currently assessing the impact this standard 
will have on our consolidated financial statements.  

In August, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the 
Emerging Issues Task Force). The ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in presentation and classification of certain cash receipts 
and cash payments by providing guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning 
after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted, including adoption during an interim period. We are currently assessing the 
impact this standard will have on our consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU sets forth a “current expected credit 
loss” (CECL) model which requires companies to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date 
based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model 
and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet 

51

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

credit exposures. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.  We are currently assessing 
the impact this standard will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-
Based Payment Accounting. The standard includes multiple provisions intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-
based  payments. The  standard  is  effective  for  interim and  annual  periods  beginning  after  December 15,  2016  and  early  adoption is 
permitted. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2017 and do not believe this standard will have a significant impact on our 
financial statements or disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This standard, among other things, will require lessees to recognize almost 
all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability and result in enhanced disclosures. The standard is effective 
for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact 
this standard will have on our financial statements and disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments–Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and 
Financial Liabilities. This standard primarily affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, 
and  the  presentation  and  disclosure  requirements  for  financial  instruments. The  standard  is  effective  for  interim  and  annual  periods 
beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this standard will have on our 
financial statements and disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires inventory to be 
measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value (estimated selling price less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal 
and transportation). Inventory measured using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis is not impacted by the new guidance.  The standard is 
effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. We do not believe this 
standard will have any impact on our financial statements or disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires companies to recognize revenue 
for the transfer of goods and services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange 
for those goods and services.  In addition, the standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty 
of revenue.  There were several amendments to the standard during 2016, including clarification of the accounting for licenses of intellectual 
property  and  identifying  performance  obligations.  The  standard  is  effective  beginning  January  1,  2018  and  can  be  adopted  either 
retrospectively to each reporting period presented or retrospectively with a cumulative effect adjustment at the date of the initial application. 
We plan to adopt the standard retrospectively with a cumulative effect adjustment. 

We are continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard across all of our business segments and believe that the most significant 
impact will be in our Software Solutions segment related to the timing of software licenses and certain other ancillary revenue streams. In 
addition, we currently capitalize certain costs associated with the acquisition of new customers and recognize these costs over their 
expected revenue stream of eight years.  Under the new standard, these costs will be expensed as incurred.  Also, we are continuing to 
review our sales commission plans to determine which payments may be capitalized. We plan to use the practical expedient that allows 
companies to expense costs to obtain a contract when the estimated amortization period is less than one year. 

52

 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2. Segment Information

The principal products and services of each of our reportable segments are as follows:

Small & Medium Business Solutions:

North America Mailing:  Includes the revenue and related expenses from the sale, rental, financing and servicing of mailing equipment, 
software and supplies for small and medium businesses to efficiently create physical and digital mail and evidence postage for the 
sending of mail, flats and parcels in the U.S. and Canada.

International Mailing:  Includes the revenue and related expenses from the sale, rental, financing and servicing of mailing equipment, 
software and supplies for small and medium businesses to efficiently create physical and digital mail and evidence postage for the 
sending of mail, flats and parcels in areas outside the U.S. and Canada.

Enterprise Business Solutions:

Production Mail:  Includes the worldwide revenue and related expenses from the sale of production mail inserting and sortation 
equipment, high-speed production print systems, supplies and related support services to large enterprise clients to process inbound 
and outbound mail.    

Presort Services:  Includes revenue and related expenses from presort mail services for our large enterprise clients to qualify large 
mail volumes for postal worksharing discounts.

Digital Commerce Solutions:

Software  Solutions:  Includes  the  worldwide  revenue  and  related  expenses  from  the  licensing  of  non-equipment-based  mailing, 
customer information management, location intelligence and customer engagement solutions and related support services.

Global Ecommerce: Includes the worldwide revenue and related expenses from cross-border ecommerce and shipping solutions.

We determine segment earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by deducting from segment revenue the related costs and expenses 
attributable to the segment. Segment EBIT excludes interest, taxes, general corporate expenses, restructuring charges and asset impairment 
charges, which are not allocated to a particular business segment. Management uses segment EBIT to measure profitability and performance 
at the segment level. Management believes segment EBIT provides a useful measure of our operating performance and underlying trends 
of the businesses. Segment EBIT may not be indicative of our overall consolidated performance and therefore, should be read in conjunction 
with our consolidated results of operations. The following tables provide information about our reportable segments. 

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail
Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions
Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other
Total revenue

Geographic data:

United States

Outside United States
Total

Revenues

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

1,342,673

$

1,435,140

$

1,491,927

406,797

1,749,470
404,703
475,582
880,285
348,234
428,586
776,820
—
3,406,575

2,589,535
817,040
3,406,575

$

$

$

445,328

1,880,468
421,178
473,612
894,790
385,908
362,087
747,995
54,807
3,578,060

2,681,285

896,775
3,578,060

572,440

2,064,367
462,199
456,556
918,755
428,662
281,643
710,305
128,077
3,821,504

2,743,957

1,077,547
3,821,504

$

$

$

$

$

$

53

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other
Total EBIT

Reconciling items:

Interest, net

Unallocated corporate expenses

Goodwill Impairment

Restructuring charges and asset impairments, net

Acquisition/disposition related expenses

Other (expense) income, net

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail
Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions
Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other
Total for reportable segments
Unallocated amount

Total depreciation and amortization

54

EBIT

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

575,080

$

646,913

$

642,521

46,547

621,627

54,061

95,258

149,319

30,159

19,200

49,359

—

51,070

697,983

48,254

104,655

152,909

48,531

19,229

67,760

10,569

88,710

731,231

47,543

98,230

145,773

51,193

16,633

67,826

19,240

820,305

929,221

964,070

(144,211)
(189,215)
(171,092)
(63,296)
(5,585)
(536)
246,370

131,819
(2,701)
111,850

(159,374)
(213,095)
—
(25,782)
(14,983)
94,838

610,825

189,778

5,271

(169,450)

(233,126)

—

(84,560)

—

(45,738)

431,196

112,815

33,749

$

426,318

$

352,130

Depreciation and amortization

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

60,066

19,431
79,497
4,421
27,929
32,350
14,621
30,607
45,228
—

157,075

21,411
178,486

$

58,141

$

23,262
81,403
4,075
27,305
31,380
18,151
21,025
39,176
2,057
154,016
19,296

$

173,312

$

68,291

30,629
98,920
7,740
28,462
36,202
20,653
8,073
28,726
4,928
168,776
29,312

198,088

$

$

$

 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other

Total for reportable segments

Unallocated amount

Total capital expenditures

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other

Total for reportable segments

Reconciliation to consolidated amount:

Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term investments
Other corporate assets

Total assets

Identifiable long-lived assets:

United States
Outside United States
Total

Capital expenditures

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

83,547

$

3,163

86,710

1,599

17,537

19,136

4,617

15,647

20,264

—

126,110

34,721

$

60,621

11,196

71,817

3,418

17,096

20,514

1,688

17,321

19,009

857

112,197

54,549

70,358

13,966

84,324

801

17,457

18,258

3,573

6,356

9,929

2,538

115,049

68,269

$

160,831

$

166,746

$

183,318

Assets

December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

1,930,640

$

2,421,095

$

2,614,123

532,624

2,463,264

239,358

373,443

612,801

645,349

585,226

1,230,575

—
4,306,640

764,522
38,448
727,523
5,837,133

441,443
61,214

502,657

$

$

$

594,540

3,015,635

244,156

374,647

618,803

858,308

580,662

1,438,970

—

5,073,408

640,190
127,388
282,146
6,123,132

434,557
73,046
507,603

$

$

$

687,233

3,301,356

266,831

346,850

613,681

884,190

117,744

1,001,934

210,171

5,127,142

1,043,439
59,814
246,204
6,476,599

387,453
94,455
481,908

$

$

$

55

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

3. Earnings per Share

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. The 
sum of earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

Numerator:

Net income from continuing operations

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

Net income (numerator for diluted EPS)

Less: Preference stock dividend

Income attributable to common stockholders (numerator for basic EPS)
Denominator (in thousands):

Weighted-average shares used in basic EPS

Effect of dilutive shares:

Preferred stock

Preference stock

Stock plans

Weighted-average shares used in diluted EPS
Basic earnings per share:

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income attributable to Pitney Bowes Inc.

Diluted earnings per share:

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income attributable to Pitney Bowes Inc.

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

95,506
(2,701)
92,805

38

$

402,672

$

300,006

5,271

407,943

41

33,749

333,755

44

92,767

$

407,902

$

333,711

187,945

199,835

201,992

—

300

730

1

321

788

188,975

200,945

0.51
(0.01)
0.49

0.51
(0.01)
0.49

$

$

$

$

2.01

0.03

2.04

2.00

0.03

2.03

$

$

$

$

1

344

1,624

203,961

1.49

0.17

1.65

1.47

0.17

1.64

$

$

$

$

$

$

Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

8,126

8,079

7,322

4. Inventories

Inventories at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

Raw materials
Work in Process
Supplies and service parts
Finished products

Inventory at FIFO cost

Excess of FIFO cost over LIFO cost

Total inventory, net

December 31,

2016

2015

$

$

28,541
6,498
45,152
24,678
104,869
(12,143)
92,726

$

$

25,803
6,408
44,323
24,618
101,152
(12,328)
88,824

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

5. Finance Assets

Finance Receivables

Finance  receivables  are  comprised  of  sales-type  lease  receivables  and  unsecured  revolving  loan  receivables.  Sales-type  lease 
receivables are generally due in monthly, quarterly or semi-annual installments over periods ranging from three to five years. Loan 
receivables arise primarily from financing services offered to our clients for postage and supplies. Loan receivables are generally due 
each month; however, customers may rollover outstanding balances. Interest is recognized on loan receivables using the effective 
interest  method  and  related  annual  fees  are  initially  deferred  and  recognized  ratably  over  the  annual  period  covered.  Customer 
acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.   During the second quarter of 2016, we determined that certain finance receivables with 
a net investment of $35 million at December 31, 2015 classified as a sales type lease receivable should have been classified as loan 
receivables.  Accordingly, prior period amounts have been revised to reflect this change.

Finance receivables at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

Sales-type lease receivables

Gross finance receivables

Unguaranteed residual values

Unearned income

Allowance for credit losses

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

North
America

International

Total

North
America

International

Total

$ 1,088,053

$

273,262

$ 1,361,315

$ 1,157,189

$

303,854

$ 1,461,043

90,190

13,655

103,845

100,000

15,709

115,709

(223,908)

(60,458)

(284,366)

(247,854)

(68,965)

(316,819)

(8,247)

(2,647)

(10,894)

(6,606)

(3,542)

(10,148)

Net investment in sales-type lease receivables

946,088

223,812

1,169,900

1,002,729

247,056

1,249,785

Loan receivables

Loan receivables

Allowance for credit losses

Net investment in loan receivables

374,147

(8,517)

365,630

32,716

(1,089)

31,627

406,863

399,193

(9,606)

(10,024)

397,257

389,169

41,604

(1,518)

40,086

440,797

(11,542)

429,255

Net investment in finance receivables

$ 1,311,718

$

255,439

$ 1,567,157

$ 1,391,898

$

287,142

$ 1,679,040

Loans receivable are due within one year. Maturities of gross sales-type lease finance receivables at December 31, 2016 were as 
follows:

2017

2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter
Total

Sales-type Lease Receivables

North America

International

Total

$

545,429

$

113,195

$

658,624

279,843
164,616
74,556
19,211
4,398
1,088,053

$

$

66,992
45,895
28,609
15,719
2,852
273,262

346,835
210,511
103,165
34,930
7,250
1,361,315

$

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Allowance for Credit Losses 

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

Sales-type Lease Receivables

Loan Receivables

North
America

International

North
America

International

Total

Balance at December 31, 2013

$

14,165

$

9,703

$

11,165

$

1,916

$

Amounts charged to expense

Accounts written off

Balance at December 31, 2014

Amounts charged to expense

Accounts written off

Balance at December 31, 2015

Amounts charged to expense

Accounts written off

4,346

(8,386)

10,125

1,189

(4,708)

6,606
5,136

(3,495)

Balance at December 31, 2016

$

8,247

$

866
(5,546)
5,023

890
(2,371)
3,542
1,161
(2,056)
2,647

$

10,237
(10,334)
11,068

8,286
(9,330)
10,024
6,238
(7,745)
8,517

$

1,626
(1,754)
1,788

1,023
(1,293)
1,518
836
(1,265)
1,089

$

36,949

17,075

(26,020)

28,004

11,388

(17,702)

21,690
13,371

(14,561)

20,500

Aging of Receivables

The aging of finance receivables at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

December 31, 2016

1 - 90 days

> 90 days

Total

Past due amounts > 90 days

Still accruing interest

Not accruing interest

Total

Sales-type Lease Receivables

Loan Receivables

North
America

International

North
America

International

Total

$

$

$

$

1,025,313

62,740

1,088,053

8,831

53,909

62,740

$

$

$

$

269,247

4,015

273,262

972

3,043

4,015

$

$

$

$

369,773

4,374

374,147

$

$

32,420

296

32,716

$

$

1,696,753

71,425

1,768,178

— $

4,374

4,374

$

— $

296

296

$

9,803

61,622

71,425

As of December 31, 2016, we had North American sales-type lease receivables aged greater than 90 days with a full contract value 
of $63 million.  As of February 15, 2017, we have received payments with a contract value of $31 million related to these receivables. 

December 31, 2015
1 - 90 days
> 90 days
Total
Past due amounts > 90 days

Still accruing interest
Not accruing interest

Total

Sales-type Lease Receivables

Loan Receivables

North
America

International

North
America

International

Total

$

$

$

$

1,138,031
19,158
1,157,189

5,041
14,117
19,158

$

$

$

$

298,772
5,082
303,854

1,617
3,465
5,082

$

$

$

$

395,573
3,620
399,193

$

$

41,117
487
41,604

$

$

1,873,493
28,347
1,901,840

— $

3,620
3,620

$

— $

487
487

$

6,658
21,689
28,347

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Credit Quality

The extension of credit and management of credit lines to new and existing clients uses a combination of an automated credit score, 
where available, and a detailed manual review of the client's financial condition and, when applicable, payment history. Once credit 
is granted, the payment performance of the client is managed through automated collections processes and is supplemented with direct 
follow up should an account become delinquent.  We have robust automated collections and extensive portfolio management processes.  
The portfolio management processes ensure that our global strategy is executed, collection resources are allocated appropriately and 
enhanced tools and processes are implemented as needed.   

We use a third party to score the majority of the North America portfolio on a quarterly basis using a commercial credit score. We do 
not use a third party to score our International portfolio because the cost to do so is prohibitive, given that it is a localized process and 
there is no single credit score model that covers all countries.

The table below shows the North America portfolio at December 31, 2016 and 2015 by relative risk class (low, medium, high) based 
on the relative scores of the accounts within each class. The relative scores are determined based on a number of factors, including 
the company type, ownership structure, payment history and financial information. A fourth class is shown for accounts that are not 
scored.  Absence of a score is not indicative of the credit quality of the account. The degree of risk, as defined by the third party, refers 
to the relative risk that an account in the next 12 month period may become delinquent. 

•  Low risk accounts are companies with very good credit scores and are considered to approximate the top 30% of all commercial 

borrowers.

•  Medium risk accounts are companies with average to good credit scores and are considered to approximate the middle 40% of 

all commercial borrowers.

•  High risk accounts are companies with poor credit scores, are delinquent or are at risk of becoming delinquent and are considered 

to approximate the bottom 30% of all commercial borrowers.

Sales-type lease receivables

Low

Medium

High

Not Scored

Total
Loan receivables

Low

Medium

High

Not Scored

Total

December 31,

2016

2015

$

879,823

$

135,953

22,600

49,677

1,088,053

296,598

53,647

7,216

16,686
374,147

$

$

$

$

$

$

886,198

192,645

37,573

40,773

1,157,189

295,725

85,671

10,810

6,987
399,193

59

 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

6.  Fixed Assets

Fixed assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

Land

Buildings

Machinery and equipment

Accumulated depreciation

Property, plant and equipment, net

Rental property and equipment

Accumulated depreciation
Rental property and equipment, net

December 31,

2016

2015

$

9,908

$

185,431

802,992

998,331
(683,728)
314,603

400,913
(212,859)
188,054

$

$

$

$

$

$

9,908

218,261

984,634

1,212,803

(882,715)

330,088

404,348

(226,833)

177,515

Depreciation  expense  was  $138  million,  $136  million  and  $165  million  for  the  years  ended  December 31,  2016,  2015  and  2014, 
respectively. 

Included in Machinery and equipment is $192 million of capitalized software as of December 31, 2016. 

7. Acquisitions, Divestiture, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Acquisitions

In July 2016, we acquired Maponics for $24 million, net of cash acquired.  Maponics provides comprehensive boundary information and 
geospatial data that support location-based services and analytics and will be reported within our Software Solutions segment.

In January 2016, we acquired Enroute for $14 million in cash. Additional cash payments may also be required during 2017-2019 based 
on the achievement of certain annual revenue targets for 2016-2018. Enroute is a software-as-a-service enterprise retail and fulfillment 
solutions company and is reported within our Global Ecommerce segment. 

In June 2015, we acquired Borderfree, Inc. ("Borderfree") for $381 million, net of $92 million of cash acquired. During the second quarter 
of 2016, we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and increased accounts payable 
and accrued expenses and goodwill acquired in the Borderfree acquisition by $2 million.  On a supplemental pro forma basis, had we 
acquired Borderfree on January 1, 2015, our revenues would have been $47 million higher for 2015. The impact on our earnings would 
not have been material.

Divestiture

In May 2015, we sold Imagitas for net proceeds of $292 million. We recognized a pre-tax gain of $111 million, which was reported within 
other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

60

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Intangible assets

Intangible assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

Customer relationships

Software & technology

Trademarks & other

$

445,039

$

150,037

36,212

Total intangible assets, net

$

631,288

$

(300,906) $
(136,508)
(28,702)
(466,116) $

144,133

$

437,459

$

13,529

7,510

149,591

35,314

165,172

$

622,364

$

(272,353) $
(135,198)
(27,435)
(434,986) $

165,106

14,393

7,879

187,378

During the year, we acquired intangible assets with a fair value of $19 million in connection with the acquisitions of Enroute and Maponics.  
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $40 million, $37 million and $34 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015
and 2014, respectively. The future amortization expense for intangible assets at December 31, 2016 is as follows:

Year ended December 31,

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Total

$

29,391

27,200

23,848

18,740

18,946

47,047

$

165,172

Actual amortization expense may differ from the amounts above due to, among other things, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange 
rates, acquisitions, divestitures and impairment charges.

Goodwill

During the third quarter, based on the operating results of our Software Solutions reporting unit, we performed Step 1 of the goodwill 
impairment test to assess the adequacy of the carrying value of goodwill.  At that time, we determined that the estimated fair value of the 
reporting  unit  exceeded  its  carrying  value  by  15%  and  the  measurement  of  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  was  not  necessary.  The 
assumptions used to estimate fair value were based on projections of revenue and earnings growth, including a strong sales pipeline, 
operating cash flows, discount rate and market multiples. Additionally, we launched several initiatives during 2016 that we expected 
would drive revenue and earnings growth in the future, including the development of a new partner channel, the reorganization of the 
sales organization to improve sales efficiency and the pipeline of deals, the improvement of processes for acquiring new clients and the 
implementation of a more disciplined marketing strategy for new products.

During the fourth quarter, however; our Software Solutions reporting unit experienced weaker than expected performance. Based on this 
and including the soft operating results in 2016, we performed a goodwill impairment test that indicated the fair value of the Software 
Solutions reporting unit was less than its carrying value. We engaged a third party to perform Steps 1 and  2 of the goodwill impairment 
test and determined that the implied fair value of goodwill was less than the recorded goodwill and as a result recorded a non-cash, pre-
tax goodwill impairment charge of $171 million to write down the carrying value of goodwill to its estimated fair value. 

61

 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are shown in 
the tables below. 

Gross value
before
accumulated
impairment

Accumulated
impairment

December
31, 2015

Acquisition

Impairment

Other (1)

December 31,
2016

North America Mailing

International Mailing

Small & Medium Business Solutions

Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

$ 296,053

$

— $ 296,053

$

— $

— $

148,351

444,404

105,757

196,890

302,647

674,976

323,930

998,906

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

148,351

444,404

105,757

196,890

302,647

674,976

323,930

998,906

—

—

—

—

—

11,908

9,421

21,329

—

—

—

—

—
(171,092)
—
(171,092)

(3,215) $
(2,785)
(6,000)
(4,658)
—
(4,658)
(14,201)
—
(14,201)

292,838

145,566

438,404

101,099

196,890

297,989

501,591

333,351

834,942
$ (171,092) $ (24,859) $ 1,571,335

Total goodwill

$1,745,957

$

— $1,745,957

$

21,329

Gross value
before
accumulated
impairment

Accumulated
impairment

December 31,
2014

Acquisition

Other (1)

December 31,
2015

North America Mailing

$ 309,448

$

— $ 309,448

$

— $

International Mailing
Small & Medium Business Solutions
Production Mail

Presort Services

Enterprise Business Solutions

Software Solutions

Global Ecommerce

Digital Commerce Solutions

Other
Total goodwill

162,146
471,594
110,837

195,140

305,977

677,008

23,910

700,918

—
—
—

—

—

—

—

—

162,146
471,594
110,837

195,140

305,977

677,008

23,910

700,918

194,232
$ 1,672,721

$

—
194,232
— $ 1,672,721

—
—
—

1,750

1,750

5,792

300,020

305,812

—

$ 307,562

296,053

148,351
444,404
105,757

196,890

302,647

674,976

323,930

(13,395) $
(13,795)
(27,190)
(5,080)
—
(5,080)
(7,824)
—
(7,824)
(194,232)

998,906
—
$ (234,326) $ 1,745,957

(1)  Primarily represents foreign currency translation adjustments. For 2015, Other represents the write-off of remaining goodwill upon the sale of Imagitas. 

8. Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from 
the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. An entity is required to classify certain assets and liabilities 
measured at fair value based on the following fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value: 

Level 1 –   Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 –   Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities 

in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 –   Unobservable  inputs  that  are  supported  by  little  or  no  market  activity  and  may  be  derived  from  internally  developed 

methodologies based on management's best estimates.

The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value 
on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest 
level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value 
measurement requires judgment and may affect their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

62

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

December 31, 2016

Assets:

Investment securities

Money market funds / commercial paper

$

114,471

$

217,175

$

— $

331,646

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies

and municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities

Derivatives

Interest rate swaps

Foreign exchange contracts

Total assets
Liabilities:

Derivatives

Foreign exchange contracts

Total liabilities

Assets:

Investment securities

—

1,536

116,822

—

—

—

—

24,571

22,132

19,358

69,891

158,996

1,588

637

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

24,571

23,668

136,180

69,891

158,996

1,588

637

232,829

$

514,348

$

— $

747,177

— $

— $

(3,717) $
(3,717) $

— $

— $

(3,717)

(3,717)

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

December 31, 2015

$

$

$

Money market funds / commercial paper

$

41,215

$

302,779

$

— $

343,994

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies

and municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities

—

—

102,235

—

—

24,538

22,571

12,566

62,884

178,234

—

—

—

—

—

24,538

22,571

114,801

62,884

178,234

Derivatives

Foreign exchange contracts

Total assets
Liabilities:

Derivatives

Foreign exchange contracts

Total liabilities

Investment Securities

—
143,450

$

1,716
605,288

$

—
— $

1,716
748,738

— $
— $

(5,387) $
(5,387) $

— $
— $

(5,387)
(5,387)

$

$
$

The valuation of investment securities is based on the market approach using inputs that are observable, or can be corroborated by 
observable data, in an active marketplace.  The following information relates to our classification into the fair value hierarchy:

•  Money Market Funds / Commercial Paper: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, 
commercial paper and other highly liquid, low risk securities. Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits and 
are classified as Level 1 when unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are available and as Level 2 when they are not actively 
traded on an exchange. Direct investments in commercial paper are not listed on an exchange in an active market and are classified 
as Level 2.

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

•  Equity Securities: Equity securities are comprised of mutual funds investing in U.S. and foreign common stock. These mutual funds 

are classified as Level 2 as they are not separately listed on an exchange.

•  Commingled Fixed Income Securities:  Mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities including securities of the 
U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities.  The value of the funds 
is based on the market value of the underlying investments owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares 
outstanding, as reported by the fund manager. These commingled funds are not listed on an exchange in an active market and are 
classified as Level 2.

•  Debt Securities – U.S. and Foreign Governments, Agencies and Municipalities: Debt securities are classified as Level 1 where active, 
high volume trades for identical securities exist. Valuation adjustments are not applied to these securities. Debt securities valued 
using quoted market prices for similar securities or benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for 
identical or comparable securities are classified as Level 2.

•  Debt Securities – Corporate: Corporate debt securities are valued using recently executed transactions, market price quotations 
where observable, or bond spreads. The spread data used are for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as 
Level 2.

•  Mortgage-Backed Securities / Asset-Backed Securities: These securities are valued based on external pricing indices. When external 
index pricing is not observable, these securities are valued based on external price/spread data. These securities are classified as 
Level 2.

Investment securities include investments held by The Pitney Bowes Bank (the Bank), whose primary business is to provide financing 
solutions to clients that rent postage meters and purchase supplies. The Bank's assets and liabilities consist primarily of cash, finance 
receivables, short and long-term investments and deposit accounts.  

The Bank's investment securities are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as cash 
and cash equivalents, short-term investments and other assets depending on the type of investment and maturity. Unrealized holding gains 
and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax.

Available-For-Sale Securities

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following:

December 31, 2016

Gross
unrealized
gains

Gross
unrealized
losses

Amortized cost

U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and municipalities

$

136,316

$

Corporate

Commingled fixed income securities

Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities
Total

69,376

1,568

159,312
366,572

$

$

1,571

1,180

—

1,566
4,317

$

$

(1,707)
(665)
(32)
(1,882)
(4,286)

December 31, 2015

Estimated fair
value

$

136,180

69,891

1,536

158,996
366,603

$

U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and municipalities
Corporate
Mortgage-backed / asset-backed securities
Total

Amortized cost

Gross unrealized
gains

Gross unrealized
losses

Estimated fair
value

$

$

114,265
63,140
177,821
355,226

$

$

1,804
823
1,901
4,528

$

$

(1,268)
(1,079)
(1,488)
(3,835)

$

$

114,801
62,884
178,234
355,919

Investment securities that were in a loss position for 12 or more continuous months at December 31, 2016 had aggregate unrealized 
holding losses of less than $1 million and an estimated fair value of $12 million. Investment securities that were in a loss position for 
less than 12 continuous months at December 31, 2016 had aggregate unrealized holding losses of $4 million and an estimated fair value 
of $171 million.

64

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Investment securities that were in a loss position for 12 or more continuous months at December 31, 2015 had aggregate unrealized 
holding losses of $2 million and an estimated fair value of $36 million. Investment securities that were in a loss position for less than 12 
continuous months at December 31, 2015 had aggregate unrealized holding losses of $2 million and an estimated fair value of $146 
million.

We have not recognized an other-than-temporary impairment on any of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position because 
we do not intend to sell these securities, it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of 
the unrealized losses and we expect to receive the contractual principal and interest on these investment securities. 

At December 31, 2016, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities have scheduled maturities as follows:

Within 1 year

After 1 year through 5 years

After 5 years through 10 years

After 10 years

Total

Amortized cost

Estimated fair
value

$

42,487

$

42,523

110,252

58,866

154,967

110,595

58,871

154,614

$

366,572

$

366,603

The expected payments on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual maturities as borrowers 
have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. 

We have not experienced any write-offs in our investment portfolio. The majority of our mortgage-backed securities are either guaranteed 
or supported by the U.S. government. We have no investments in inactive markets that would warrant a possible change in our pricing 
methods or classification within the fair value hierarchy. 

Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We limit 
these  risks  by  following  established  risk  management  policies  and  procedures,  including  the  use  of  derivatives.  We  use  derivative 
instruments to limit the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on financial results and manage the related cost of debt. We do not use 
derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.  We record derivative instruments at fair value and the accounting for changes in the fair 
value depends on the intended use of the derivative, the resulting designation and the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the risk 
exposure it is designed to hedge.  

Foreign Exchange Contracts

We enter into foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the currency risk associated with the anticipated purchase of inventory between 
affiliates and from third parties. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on cash flow 
hedges is included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurs and is reclassified to earnings in the period that the hedged 
item is recorded in earnings.  At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had outstanding contracts associated with these anticipated 
transactions with a notional amount of $13 million.  

The valuation of foreign exchange derivatives is based on the market approach using observable market inputs, such as foreign currency 
spot and forward rates and yield curves. We also incorporate counterparty credit risk and our credit risk into the fair value measurement 
of our derivative assets and liabilities, respectively. We derive credit risk from observable data in the credit default swap market. We have 
not seen a material change in the creditworthiness of those banks acting as derivative counterparties.

Interest Rate Swaps 

In September 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated 
with our $300 million variable-rate term loans. The swap is designated as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of the gain or loss on 
the cash flow hedge is included in AOCI in the period that the change in fair value occurs and is reclassified to earnings in the period 
that the hedged item is recorded in earnings. Under the terms of the swap agreement, we pay fixed-rate interest of 0.8826% and receive 
variable-rate interest based on one-month LIBOR. The variable interest rate resets monthly. 

The valuation of our interest rate swap is based on the income approach using a model with inputs that are observable or that can be 
derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

65

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The fair value of our derivative instruments at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

Designation of Derivatives

Balance Sheet Location

2016

2015

December 31,

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

Foreign exchange contracts

Other current assets and prepayments

$

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Interest rate swaps

Other non-current assets

$

487
(136)

1,588

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

Foreign exchange contracts

Other current assets and prepayments
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

150
(3,581)

Total derivative assets

Total derivative liabilities

Total net derivative liability

2,225
(3,717)
(1,492) $

$

217

(208)

—

1,499
(5,179)

1,716

(5,387)

(3,671)

The  amounts  included  in AOCI  at  December 31,  2016  will  be  recognized  in  earnings  within  the  next  12  months.  No  amount  of 
ineffectiveness was recorded in earnings for these designated cash flow hedges.

The following represents the results of cash flow hedging relationships for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Derivative Gain (Loss)
Recognized in AOCI
(Effective Portion)

Derivative Instrument

2016

2015

Foreign exchange contracts

Interest Rate Swap

$

$

496

1,588

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

Location of Gain (Loss)
(Effective Portion)

887

Revenue

Cost of sales

—

Interest Expense

Gain (Loss) Reclassified
from AOCI to Earnings
(Effective Portion)

2016

2015

$

  $

(68) $
222

—
154

$

1,082

558
—

1,640

We also enter into foreign exchange contracts to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on short-term intercompany loans 
and related interest that are denominated in a foreign currency. The revaluation of the intercompany loans and interest and the mark-to-
market adjustment on the derivatives are both recorded in earnings. All outstanding contracts at December 31, 2016 mature over the next 
three months.

The following represents the results of our non-designated derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Derivatives Instrument

Location of Derivative Gain (Loss)

2016

2015

Foreign exchange contracts

Selling, general and administrative expense

$

(2,382) $

(6,849)

Year Ended December 31,

Derivative Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Earnings

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain derivative instruments contain credit-risk-related contingent features that would require us to post collateral based on a combination 
of our long-term senior unsecured debt ratings and the net fair value of our derivatives. At December 31, 2016, the maximum amount of 
collateral that we would have been required to post had the credit-risk-related contingent features been triggered was not material.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable, loan receivables, derivative 
instruments, accounts payable and debt. The carrying value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, loans receivable, and 
accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. 

The fair value of our debt is estimated based on recently executed transactions and market price quotations. The inputs used to determine 
the fair value of our debt were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt at 
December 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

Carrying value

Fair value

9. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

The following table shows selected balance sheet information at December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Other assets:

Long-term investments

Other

Total

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

Accounts payable

Customer deposits

Employee related liabilities

Other

Total

December 31,

2016

2015

$

$

3,364,890

3,412,581

$

$

2,950,668

3,084,561

$

$

$

December 31,

2016

2015

425,732

99,041

524,773

$

$

412,369

113,522

525,891

293,538

$

688,772

205,901

190,611

302,113

665,339

255,893

224,976

$

1,378,822

$

1,448,321

67

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

10. Restructuring Charges and Asset Impairments

The table below shows the activity in our restructuring reserves for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Severance and
benefits costs

Other exit
costs

Total

Balance at December 31, 2014

$

81,836

$

8,343

$

Expenses, net

Cash payments

Balance at December 31, 2015

Expenses, net

Cash payments

Balance at December 31, 2016

$

19,078
(57,214)
43,700
44,510
(59,834)
28,376

$

251
(4,872)
3,722
1,655
(5,096)
281

$

90,179

19,329

(62,086)

47,422
46,165

(64,930)

28,657

Restructuring charges also include pension settlement charges of $2 million and $1 million in 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The majority of the remaining restructuring reserves are expected to be paid over the next 12-24 months. Due to certain international 
labor laws and long-term lease agreements, some payments will extend beyond 24 months. We expect to fund these payments from cash 
flows from operations. 

Asset impairment

In 2016, asset impairment charges consist primarily of a loss of $5 million from the sale of a facility and an impairment charge of $4 
million related to another facility.  During 2015, we sold our world headquarters building for $39 million and recorded a loss on the sale 
of $5 million. The loss was recognized in restructuring charges and asset impairments, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. 

11. Debt

Commercial paper

Notes due January 2016

Notes due September 2017

Notes due March 2018

Notes due May 2018

Notes due March 2019

Notes due October 2021
Notes due March 2024
Notes due January 2037
Notes due March 2043
Term loans
Other debt
Principal amount
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs
Plus: unamortized interest rate swap proceeds
Total debt
Less: current portion long-term debt

Long-term debt

Interest rate

2016

variable

$

December 31,

— $
—

4.75%

5.75%

5.6%

4.75%

6.25%

3.375%
4.625%
5.25%
6.7%
Variable

2015

90,000

370,914

385,109

250,000

350,000

300,000

—
500,000
115,041
425,000
150,000
15,758
2,951,822
23,617
22,463
2,950,668
461,085

$ 2,489,583

385,109

250,000

350,000

300,000

600,000
500,000
115,041
425,000
450,000
5,677
3,380,827
28,796
12,859

3,364,890

614,485
$ 2,750,405

In January 2016, we borrowed $300 million under a term loan agreement and applied the proceeds to the repayment of the $371 million
4.75% notes due January 2016. The new term loans bear interest at the applicable Eurodollar Rate plus 1.5% (1.25% at issuance) and 

68

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

mature in December 2020. The effective interest rate of these loans at December 31, 2016 were 2.2%. In September 2016, we entered 
into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $300 million to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these variable rate term 
loans. Under the terms of the swap agreement, we pay fixed rate interest of 0.8826% and receive variable rate interest based on one-
month LIBOR. The variable rate resets monthly. 

In March 2016, we satisfied certain employment obligations stipulated in the State of Connecticut Department of Economic and Community 
Development loan (issued in 2014), and under the terms of the loan, $10 million was forgiven. We recorded loan forgiveness income in 
selling, general and administrative expenses.

In September 2016, we issued $600 million of 3.375% fixed-rate notes due in October 2021.  Interest is payable semi-annually and is 
subject  to  adjustment  from  time  to  time  if  either  Moody's  or  S&P  (or  a  substitute  ratings  agency)  downgrades  (or  downgrades  and 
subsequently upgrades) the credit rating assigned to the notes. The notes mature in October 2021, but may be redeemed, at our option, 
in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, at par plus accrued and unpaid interest. The proceeds were used to repay approximately 
$300 million of outstanding commercial paper and redeem noncontrolling interests for $300 million (see Note 14).

The 4.625% Notes due March 2024 may be redeemed, at any time, at our option, in whole or in part, at par plus accrued interest and a 
make-whole payment.  

The 6.7% Notes due March 2043 may be redeemed, at our option, in whole or in part, at par plus accrued interest any time on or after 
March 2018, respectively.  

The 5.25% Notes due 2037 provided bondholders the ability to redeem, in whole or in part, at par plus accrued interest, the notes in 
January 2017.  In December 2016, we were notified that $79 million of these notes would be redeemed by bondholders.

We have a commercial paper program and a committed credit facility of $1 billion to support commercial paper issuances. There were 
no outstanding commercial paper borrowings as of December 31, 2016. There were $90 million of commercial paper borrowings at 
December 31, 2015. The credit facility expires in January 2020.  

Annual maturities of outstanding debt at December 31, 2016 are as follows:

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Total

$

614,485

600,177

300,177

300,147

600,000

965,841

$

3,380,827

12. Retirement Plans and Postretirement Medical Benefits

We provide certain retirement benefits to our U.S. employees hired prior to January 1, 2005 and to eligible employees outside the U.S. 
under various defined benefit retirement plans. Benefit accruals under most of our significant defined benefit plans have been frozen. 

We also provide certain employer subsidized health care and employer provided life insurance benefits in the U.S. and Canada to eligible 
retirees and their dependents. Employees hired before January 1, 2005 in the U.S. and April 1, 2005 in Canada become eligible for retiree 
medical benefits after reaching age 55 and with the completion of the required service period. The cost of these benefits is recognized 
over the period the employee provides credited service to the company. 

69

 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Retirement Plans

The benefit obligations and funded status of defined benefit pension plans are as follows:

Accumulated benefit obligation

$

1,677,288

$

1,688,982

$

675,566

$

635,600

United States

Foreign

2016

2015

2016

2015

Projected benefit obligation

Benefit obligation - beginning of year

Service cost

Interest cost

Plan participants' contributions

Actuarial loss (gain)

Foreign currency changes
Plan amendments

Settlement / curtailment

Special termination benefits

Benefits paid

$

1,689,885

$

1,868,176

$

647,112

$

715,287

105

73,699

—

31,764

—
—
(5,887)
—
(111,469)
1,678,097

$

134

74,331

—
(131,179)
—
(428)
(3,678)
—
(117,471)
1,689,885

1,593,463
(19,173)
7,649

—
(3,678)
—
(117,471)
1,460,790

271
(9,088)
(220,277)
(229,094)

$

$

$

$

$

2,148

21,886

6

127,054
(88,138)
—
—
(423)
(21,473)
688,172

2,229

24,261

8

(15,375)
(53,945)

—

—

79

(25,432)

$

647,112

530,112

$

574,992

68,067

40,872

6
(423)
(69,871)
(21,473)
547,290

11,744
(1,045)
(151,581)
(140,882)

$

$

$

11,383

14,194

8

—

(45,033)

(25,432)

530,112

11,566
(1,031)
(127,535)
(117,000)

Benefit obligation - end of year

$

Fair value of plan assets available for benefits

Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year

$

1,460,790

$

Actual return on plan assets

Company contributions

Plan participants' contributions

Settlement / curtailment

Foreign currency changes

Benefits paid

Fair value of plan assets - end of year

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Noncurrent asset
Current liability
Noncurrent liability
Funded status

110,954

9,694

—
(5,887)
—
(111,469)
1,464,082

310
(7,937)
(206,388)
(214,015)

$

$

$

$

$

$

Information provided in the table below is only for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at 
December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Projected benefit obligation
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets

United States

Foreign

2016

1,677,675
1,676,866

1,463,350

$
$

$

2015

1,689,476
1,688,573
1,460,111

$
$
$

2016

2015

$
$

$

578,588
565,992

425,962

$
$
$

540,984
529,593
412,418

70

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Pretax amounts recognized in AOCI consist of:

Net actuarial loss

Prior service credit
Transition asset
Total

United States

Foreign

2016

2015

2016

2015

$

$

$

873,523
(452)
—

873,071

$

880,123
(512)
—
879,611

$

$

342,169
(667)
(32)
341,470

$

$

255,994
(740)
(40)

255,214

The estimated amounts that will be amortized from AOCI into net periodic benefit cost in 2017 are as follows:

Net actuarial loss

Prior service credit

Transition asset

Total

United States

Foreign

$

$

29,071
(60)
—

$

8,279

(77)

(8)

29,011

$

8,194

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) for defined benefit pension plans were as follows:

Service cost

Interest cost

Expected return on plan assets

Amortization of net transition asset

Amortization of prior service (credit) cost

Amortization of net actuarial loss

Special termination benefits

Settlement / curtailment

Net periodic benefit cost (income)

$

United States

2016

2015

2014

2016

Foreign

2015

$

105

$

134

$

6,908

$

2,148

$

2,229

$

73,699

(101,918)

—

(60)

27,220

—

2,109

1,155

74,331
(104,004)
—
(60)
29,272

—

1,243

77,655
(103,822)
—

9

25,369

—

4,528

$

916

$

10,647

$

21,886
(32,615)
(8)
(73)
5,264

52

24,261
(35,421)
(9)
(66)
5,926

79

110
(3,236) $

—
(3,001) $

2014

3,565

28,518

(39,137)

(10)

(57)

8,268

1,238

—

2,385

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations for defined benefit pension plans recognized in other comprehensive income were 
as follows: 

Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service credit
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)
Net transition asset
Settlement / curtailment
Total recognized in other comprehensive income

United States

Foreign

2016

2015

2016

2015

22,728
—
(27,220)
60
—
(2,109)
(6,541)

$

$

(8,003)
(428)
(29,272)
60
—
(1,243)
(38,886)

$

$

91,549
—
(5,264)
73
8
(110)
86,256

$

$

8,663
—
(5,926)
66
9
—
2,812

$

$

71

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine end of year benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for defined benefit 
pension plans include:

United States

Used to determine benefit obligations

     Discount rate

     Rate of compensation increase

Used to determine net periodic benefit cost

     Discount rate

     Expected return on plan assets

     Rate of compensation increase

Foreign

Used to determine benefit obligations

     Discount rate

     Rate of compensation increase

Used to determine net periodic benefit cost

     Discount rate

     Expected return on plan assets

     Rate of compensation increase

2016

2015

2014

4.2%

N/A

4.55%

7.0%

N/A

4.55%

N/A

4.15%

7.0%

N/A

4.15%

N/A

4.95%

7.0%

3.5%

0.70% - 3.65%

1.50% - 2.50%

1.15% - 3.95%

1.50% - 3.50%

1.10% - 3.80%

1.50% - 3.50%

1.15% - 3.95%

3.75% - 6.51%

1.50% - 3.50%

1.10% - 3.80%

4.00% - 7.00%

1.50% - 3.50%

1.45% - 4.60%

3.75% - 7.50%

1.50% - 3.50%

A discount rate is used to determine the present value of our future benefit obligations. The discount rate for our U.S. pension and 
postretirement medical benefit plans is determined by matching the expected cash flows associated with our benefit obligations to a pool 
of corporate long-term, high-quality fixed income debt instruments available as of the measurement date. The discount rate for our largest 
foreign plan, the U.K. Qualified Pension Plan (the U.K. Plan), is determined by using a model that discounts each year's estimated benefit 
payments by an applicable spot rate derived from a yield curve created from a large number of high quality corporate bonds. For our 
other smaller foreign pension plans, the discount rate is selected based on high-quality fixed income indices available in the country in 
which the plan is domiciled.    

The expected return on plan assets is based on historical and expected rates of return for current and planned asset classes in the plans' 
investment portfolio after analyzing historical experience and future expectations of the returns and volatility of the various asset classes.  
The overall expected rate of return for the portfolio is based on the target asset allocation of our global pension plans, adjusted for historical 
and expected experience of active portfolio management results, when compared to the benchmark returns. 

During 2017, we anticipate making total contributions of $8 million to our U.S. pension plans and $14 million to our foreign pension 
plans. We will reassess our funding alternatives as the year progresses. 

Investment Strategy and Asset Allocation - U.S. Pension Plans

The investment strategy of our U.S. pension plans is to maximize returns within reasonable and prudent levels of risk, to achieve and 
maintain full funding of the accumulated benefit obligation and the actuarial liabilities and to earn a nominal rate of return of at least 
6.75%. The fund has established a strategic asset allocation policy to achieve these objectives. Investments are diversified across asset 
classes and within each class to reduce the risk of large losses and are periodically rebalanced. Derivatives, such as swaps, options, 
forwards and futures contracts may be used for market exposure, to alter risk/return characteristics and to manage foreign currency 
exposure. Investments within the private equity and real estate portfolios are comprised of limited partnership units in primary and 
secondary fund of funds and units in open-ended commingled real estate funds, respectively. These types of investment vehicles are used 
in an effort to gain greater asset diversification. We do not have any significant concentrations of credit risk within the plan assets. The 
pension plans' liabilities, investment objectives and investment managers are reviewed periodically.  The target asset allocation for 2017, 
and the actual asset allocations at December 31, 2016 and 2015 for the U.S. pension plans are as follows:

72

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Target
allocation

Percent of Plan Assets at
December 31,

2017

2016

2015

15%

15%

60%

5%

5%

17%

13%

60%

6%

4%

12%

10%

68%

6%

4%

100%

100%

100%

Asset category

U.S. equities

Non-U.S. equities

Fixed income

Real estate

Private equity

Total

Investment Strategy and Asset Allocation - Foreign Pension Plans

Our foreign pension plan assets are managed by outside investment managers and monitored regularly by local trustees and our corporate 
personnel. Investment strategies vary by country and plan, with each strategy tailored to achieve the expected rate of return within an 
acceptable or appropriate level of risk, depending upon the liability profile of plan participants, local funding requirements, investment 
markets and restrictions. The U.K. plan represents 75% of the total foreign pension assets. The U.K. pension plan's investment strategy 
is to maximize returns within reasonable and prudent levels of risk, to achieve and maintain full funding of the accumulated benefit 
obligation and the actuarial liabilities and to earn a nominal rate of return of at least 6.25%. The fund has established a strategic asset 
allocation policy to achieve these objectives. Investments are diversified across asset classes and within each class to minimize the risk 
of large losses and are periodically rebalanced. Derivatives, such as swaps, options, forwards and futures contracts may be used for market 
exposure, to alter risk/return characteristics and to manage currency exposure. We do not have any significant concentrations of credit 
risk within the plan assets. The pension plans' liabilities, investment objectives and investment managers are reviewed periodically.  The 
target asset allocation for 2017, and the actual asset allocations at December 31, 2016 and 2015 for the U.K. pension plan are as follows:

Asset category

U.K. equities

Non-U.K. equities

Fixed income

Real estate

Diversified growth

Cash

Total

Target
Allocation

Percent of Plan Assets at
December 31,

2017

2016

2015

21%

19%

40%

10%

10%

—%

22%

19%

41%

8%

9%

1%

23%

20%

40%

10%

5%

2%

100%

100%

100%

The target asset allocation used to manage the investment portfolios is based on the broad asset categories shown above. The plan asset 
categories presented in the fair value hierarchy are subsets of the broad asset categories.

The fair value of the U.K. plan assets was $410 million and $399 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and the expected 
long-term weighted average rate of return on these plan assets was 6.50% in 2016 and 7.0% in 2015.

Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets

The following tables show, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value 
on a recurring basis at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for the U.S. and foreign pension plans. Financial assets and liabilities 
are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the 
significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect placement within the fair value hierarchy 
levels. There are no shares of our common stock included in the plan assets of our pension plans.

73

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

United States Pension Plans

Money market funds

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and

municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Mortgage-backed securities

Asset-backed securities

Private equity

Real estate
Securities lending collateral (1)
Total plan assets at fair value
Securities lending payable (1)
Cash

Other

December 31, 2016

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$

2,604

$

6,609

$

— $

184,254

—

214,068

—

—

—

—

—
—

140,691

358,776

21,126

367,369

12,636

1,436

—

—
174,651

—

—

—

—

1,236

—

49,637

87,852
—

$

400,926

$

1,083,294

$

138,725

$

9,213

324,945

358,776

235,194

367,369

13,872

1,436

49,637

87,852
174,651

1,622,945
(174,651)

18,164

(2,376)

Fair value of plan assets available for benefits

$

1,464,082

December 31, 2015

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Money market funds

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and

municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Mortgage-backed securities

Asset-backed securities

Private equity
Real estate
Securities lending collateral (1)
Total plan assets at fair value
Securities lending payable (1)
Cash
Other
Fair value of plan assets available for benefits

$

— $

7,493

$

— $

174,664

—

143,449

—

—

—

—
—
—
318,113

$

$

140,270

205,246

21,424

592,111

14,810

2,535

—
—
154,690
1,138,579

$

—

—

—

—

1,592

—

63,577
82,569
—
147,738

$

$

7,493

314,934

205,246

164,873

592,111

16,402

2,535

63,577
82,569
154,690
1,604,430
(154,690)
4,072
6,978
1,460,790

(1) Securities lending collateral is offset by a corresponding securities lending payable amount.

74

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Foreign Plans

Money market funds

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and

municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Real estate

Diversified growth funds

Derivatives

Total plan assets at fair value

Cash

Other

Fair value of plan assets available for benefits

Money market funds

Equity securities

Commingled fixed income securities

Debt securities - U.S. and foreign governments, agencies and

municipalities

Debt securities - corporate

Real estate

Derivatives

December 31, 2016

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$

— $

6,811

$

— $

32,295

—

—

—

—

—
—

181,943

69,022

29,363

150,767

—

—
—

—

—

—

—

34,483

36,779

—

6,811

214,238

69,022

29,363

150,767

34,483

36,779

—

$

32,295

$

437,906

$

71,262

$

541,463

4,262

1,565

$

547,290

December 31, 2015

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$

— $

7,596

$

— $

33,855

—

—

—

—

—

183,110

138,220

73,573

27,279

—

—

—

—

—

—

39,177

20,513

59,690

$

$

7,596

216,965

138,220

73,573

27,279

39,177

20,513

523,323

6,376

413
530,112

Total plan assets at fair value

$

33,855

$

429,778

$

Cash

Other
Fair value of plan assets available for benefits

The following information relates to our classification of investments into the fair value hierarchy:

•  Money Market Funds: Money market funds typically invest in government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper of 
companies and other highly liquid, low risk securities.  Money market funds are principally used for overnight deposits.  They are 
classified as Level 2 since they are not actively traded on an exchange.

•  Equity Securities: Equity securities include U.S. and foreign common stock, American Depository Receipts, preferred stock and 
commingled funds.  Equity securities classified as Level 1 are valued using active, high volume trades for identical securities.  Equity 
securities classified as Level 2 represent those not listed on an exchange in an active market.  These securities are valued based on 
quoted market prices of similar securities.

•  Commingled Fixed Income Securities:  Mutual funds that invest in a variety of fixed income securities including securities of the 
U.S. government and its agencies, corporate debt, mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. Value of the funds is based 
on the net asset value (NAV) per unit as reported by the fund manager. NAV is based on the market value of the underlying investments 
owned by each fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding. Commingled fixed income securities are not 
listed on an active exchange and are classified as Level 2.

75

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

•  Debt Securities - U.S. and Foreign Governments, Agencies and Municipalities: Government securities include treasury notes and 
bonds, foreign government issues, U.S. government sponsored agency debt and commingled funds.  Municipal debt securities include 
general obligation securities and revenue-backed securities. Debt securities classified as Level 1 are valued using active, high volume 
trades for identical securities. Debt securities classified as Level 2 are valued through benchmarking model derived prices to quoted 
market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities.

•  Debt Securities – Corporate: Investments are comprised of both investment grade debt 

The 
fair value of corporate debt securities is valued using recently executed transactions, market price quotations where observable, or 
bond spreads. The spread data used are for the same maturity as the security. These securities are classified as Level 2.

and high-yield debt 

•  Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS): Investments are comprised of agency-backed MBS, non-agency MBS, collateralized mortgage 
obligations, commercial MBS, and commingled funds. These securities are valued based on external pricing indices. When external 
index pricing is not observable, MBS are valued based on external price/spread data. If neither pricing method is available, broker 
quotes are utilized. When inputs are observable and supported by an active market, MBS are classified as Level 2 and when inputs 
are unobservable, MBS are classified as Level 3.

•  Asset-Backed Securities (ABS):  Investments are primarily comprised of credit card receivables, auto loan receivables, student loan 
receivables, and Small Business Administration loans.  These securities are valued based on external pricing indices or external price/
spread data and are classified as Level 2.

•  Private Equity: Investments are comprised of units in fund-of-funds investment vehicles. Fund-of-funds consist of various private 
equity investments and are used in an effort to gain greater diversification. The investments are valued in accordance with the most 
appropriate valuation techniques, and are classified as Level 3 due to the unobservable inputs used to determine a fair value.  

•  Real Estate: Investments include units in open-ended commingled real estate funds. Properties that comprise these funds are valued 
in accordance with the most appropriate valuation techniques, and are classified as Level 3 due to the unobservable inputs used to 
determine a fair value.  

•  Diversified Growth Funds: Investments are comprised of units in commingled diversified growth funds. These investments are valued 
based on the net asset value (NAV) per unit as reported by the fund manager, and are classified as Level 3 due to the unobservable 
inputs used to determine a fair value.  

• 

Securities Lending Fund: Investment represents a commingled fund through our custodian's securities lending program. The U.S. 
pension plan lends securities that are held within the plan to other banks and/or brokers, and receives collateral, typically cash.  This 
collateral is invested in a short-term fixed income securities commingled fund. The commingled fund is not listed or traded on an 
exchange and is classified as Level 2. This amount invested in the fund is offset by a corresponding liability reflected in the U.S. 
pension plan's net assets available for benefits.    

Level 3 Gains and Losses 

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

United States Pension Plans

Balance at December 31, 2014

Realized gains
Unrealized gains
Net purchases, sales and settlements

Balance at December 31, 2015

Realized gains
Unrealized gains (losses)
Net purchases, sales and settlements

Balance at December 31, 2016

Mortgage-backed
securities

Private equity

Real estate

Total

2,102
10
28
(548)
1,592
8
38
(402)
1,236

$

$

81,246
14,288
(6,844)
(25,113)
63,577
10,200
(7,540)
(16,600)
49,637

$

$

74,747
1,027
7,043
(248)
82,569
1,280
4,815
(812)
87,852

$

158,095
15,325
227
(25,909)
147,738
11,488
(2,687)
(17,814)

$

138,725

$

$

76

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Foreign Pension Plans

Balance at December 31, 2014

Unrealized gains

Net purchases, sales and settlements

Balance at December 31, 2015

Unrealized gains

Net purchases, sales and settlements

Foreign currency gain/(loss)

Balance at December 31, 2016

Nonpension Postretirement Benefits

Diversified
growth funds

Real estate

Total

$

— $

— $

—

(119)
20,632

20,513
2,561

19,028
(5,323)
36,779

(1,685)
40,862

39,177
459

1,436
(6,589)
$ 34,483

(1,804)

61,494

59,690
3,020

20,464

(11,912)

$ 71,262

$

The benefit obligation and funded status for nonpension postretirement benefit plans are as follows:

Benefit obligation

Benefit obligation - beginning of year

Service cost

Interest cost

Plan participants' contributions

Actuarial (gain) loss

Foreign currency changes

Benefits paid
Benefit obligation - end of year (1)

Fair value of plan assets

Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year

Company contribution

Plan participants' contributions

Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets - end of year

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

Current liability
Non-current liability
Funded status

2016

2015

$

211,878

$

253,980

2,046

7,969

4,241
(13,934)
409
(22,837)
189,772

$

— $

18,596

4,241
(22,837)

— $

2,455

8,799

4,332

(31,253)

(3,289)

(23,146)
211,878

—

18,814

4,332

(23,146)
—

(18,127)
(171,645)
(189,772)

$

$

(19,406)
(192,472)
(211,878)

$

$

$

$

$

(1)  The benefit obligation for the U.S. nonpension postretirement plans was $174 million and $198 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

Pretax amounts recognized in AOCI consist of:

Net actuarial loss
Prior service cost
Total

77

2016

2015

$

$

41,625

1,763
43,388

$

$

59,174
2,060
61,234

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The components of net periodic benefit cost for nonpension postretirement benefit plans were as follows:

Service cost

Interest cost

Amortization of prior service cost

Amortization of net actuarial loss

Net periodic benefit cost

2016

2015

2014

$

$

$

2,046

7,969

297

3,615

$

2,455

8,799

297

7,528

13,927

$

19,079

$

2,683

9,951

159

5,949

18,742

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligation for nonpension postretirement benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income 
were as follows: 

2016

2015

Net actuarial gain

Amortization of net actuarial loss
Amortization of prior service cost

Total recognized in other comprehensive income

$

$

(13,934)
(3,615)
(297)
(17,846)

The estimated amounts that will be amortized from AOCI into net periodic benefit cost in 2017 are as follows:

Net actuarial loss

Prior service cost

Total

$

$

$

$

(31,253)

(7,528)

(297)

(39,078)

297

3,537

3,834

The weighted-average discount rates used to determine end of year benefit obligation and net periodic pension cost include:

Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation

U.S.

Canada

Discount rate used to determine net period benefit cost

U.S.

Canada

2016

2015

2014

3.90%

3.65%

4.20%

3.95%

4.20%

3.95%

3.90%

3.80%

3.90%

3.80%

4.40%

4.65%

The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the U.S. plan was 6.0%
for 2016 and 6.0% for 2015. The assumed health care trend rate is 7.0% for 2017 and will gradually decline to 5.0% by the year 2025
and remain at that level thereafter. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health 
care plans.  A 1% change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:

Effect on total of service and interest cost components
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation

1% Increase

1% Decrease

$
$

330
7,295

$
$

(276)
(6,212)

78

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid.

Years ending December 31,

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Savings Plans

Pension Benefits

Nonpension
Benefits

$

126,344

$

126,720

125,486

127,550

125,103

624,809

18,155

17,450

16,884

16,231

15,640

65,887

$

1,256,012

$

150,247

We offer voluntary defined contribution plans to our U.S. employees designed to help them accumulate additional savings for retirement.  
We provide a core contribution to all employees, regardless if they participate in the plan, and match a portion of each participating 
employees' contribution, based on eligible pay. Total contributions to our defined contribution plans were $32 million in 2016 and $28 
million in 2015.

79

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

13. Income Taxes

Income from continuing operations before taxes consisted of the following:

U.S.

International

Total

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

$

169,493

76,877

246,370

$

$

516,233

94,592

610,825

$

$

356,017

75,179

431,196

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations consisted of the following:

U.S. Federal:

Current

Deferred

U.S. State and Local:

Current

Deferred

International:

Current

Deferred

Total current

Total deferred

Total provision for income taxes

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

95,598

$

115,557

$

(1,559)

94,039

19,941

135,498

9,409

4,757

14,166

22,872

742

23,614

11,243

16,094

27,337

22,794

4,149

26,943

71,683

6,941

78,624

7,186

(9,307)

(2,121)

32,492

3,820

36,312

127,879

3,940

149,594

40,184

111,361

1,454

$

131,819

$

189,778

$

112,815

Effective tax rate

53.5%

31.1%

26.2%

The effective tax rate for 2016 includes tax benefits of $15 million from the resolution of tax examinations, $58 million charge associated 
with the goodwill impairment and a $6 million charge from the establishment of a valuation allowance on tax attribute carryovers.  

The effective tax rate for 2015 includes tax benefits of $20 million from the disposition of Imagitas and $3 million from the retroactive 
effect of 2015 tax legislation. 

The effective tax rate for 2014 includes tax benefits of $22 million from the resolution of tax examinations and $5 million from the 
retroactive effect of 2014 U.S. tax legislation.  

80

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and our provision for income taxes 
consist of the following:

Federal statutory provision

State and local income taxes

Other impact of foreign operations

Tax incentives/credits/exempt income
Release of other tax uncertainties

Outside basis differences

Goodwill impairments

Other, net

Provision for income taxes

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

86,229

$

213,789

$

150,920

9,208
(13,806)
(10,735)
—

—

58,022

2,901

17,769
(6,492)
(12,130)
—
(27,110)
—

3,952

(1,379)

(12,668)
(19,232)

(5,856)

—

—

1,030

$

131,819

$

189,778

$

112,815

Other impacts of foreign operations include income of foreign affiliates taxed at rates other than the 35% U.S. statutory rate, the accrual 
or release of tax uncertainty amounts related to foreign operations, the tax impacts of foreign earnings repatriation and the U.S. foreign 
tax credit impacts of foreign income taxed in the U.S.. The 2016 goodwill impairment significantly increased the 2016 tax rate as nearly 
all of the goodwill that was impaired had no tax basis.  

Deferred tax liabilities and assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

Deferred tax liabilities:

Depreciation

Deferred profit (for tax purposes) on sale to finance subsidiary

Lease revenue and related depreciation

Intangible assets

Other

Gross deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets:

Nonpension postretirement benefits
Pension
Inventory and equipment capitalization
Restructuring charges
Long-term incentives
Net operating loss
Tax credit carry forwards
Tax uncertainties gross-up
Other
Gross deferred tax assets

Less: Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets

Total deferred taxes, net

81

December 31,

2016

2015

(93,475)
(98,247)
(137,665)
(113,128)
(27,340)
(469,855)

71,101
105,564
13,318
6,980
17,923
97,194
53,181
18,273

79,799

463,333
(127,095)
336,238
(133,617)

$

(69,622)

(108,061)

(188,231)

(119,453)

(41,149)

(526,516)

79,861
104,166
14,934
14,238
22,111
111,351
54,183
21,191
96,412
518,447

(132,624)
385,823

$

(140,693)

$

$

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce the total deferred tax assets to an amount that will more-likely-than-not be realized. The 
valuation allowance relates primarily to certain foreign, state and local net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards that are more-
likely-than-not to expire unutilized.  

We have net operating loss carryforwards of $279 million as of December 31, 2016, of which, $225 million can be carried forward 
indefinitely and the remainder expire over the next 15 years. In addition, we have tax credit carryforwards of $53 million, of which $39 
million can be carried forward indefinitely and the remainder expire over the next 10 to 15 years.   

As of December 31, 2016 we have not provided for income taxes on $850 million of cumulative undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 
outside the U.S. as these earnings will be either indefinitely reinvested or remitted substantially free of additional tax. However, we 
estimate that withholding taxes on such remittances would be $12 million. Determination of the liability that would be incurred if these 
earnings were remitted to the U.S. is not practicable as there is a significant amount of uncertainty with respect to determining the amount 
of foreign tax credits and other indirect tax consequences that may arise from the distribution of these earnings.    

Uncertain Tax Positions

A reconciliation of the amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at beginning of year

Increases from prior period positions

Decreases from prior period positions

Increases from current period positions

Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities

Reductions from lapse of applicable statute of limitations

Balance at end of year

2016

2015

2014

$

139,249

$

132,495

$

172,594

—
(21,207)
10,867
(1,791)
(2,390)
124,728

$

7,637
(16,753)
23,533
(3,831)
(3,832)
139,249

$

9,090

(33,692)

17,704

(22,127)

(11,074)

$

132,495

The amount of the unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized 
was $104 million, $117 million and $109 million, respectively. 

On a regular basis, we conclude tax return examinations, statutes of limitations expire, and court decisions interpret tax law. We regularly 
assess tax uncertainties in light of these developments. As a result, it is reasonably possible that the amount of our unrecognized tax 
benefits will decrease in the next 12 months, and we expect this change could be up to 25% of our unrecognized tax benefits. We recognize 
interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes. We recognized interest and penalties of less 
than $1 million, $(4) million and $2 million related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes for the years ended 
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We had $9 million and $10 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties 
at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Other Tax Matters

As is the case with other large corporations, our tax returns are examined each year by tax authorities in the U.S. and other global taxing 
jurisdictions in which we have operations. The IRS examinations of our consolidated U.S. income tax returns for tax years prior to 2012 
are closed to audit.  Additionally, in the U.S. we are subject to examination on various post-2006 State and Local taxes. In Canada, the 
examination of our tax filings prior to 2011 are closed to audit, except for the pending application of legal principles to specific issues 
arising in earlier years.  Other significant jurisdictions include France, closed through the end of 2012, Germany, closed through the end 
of 2011 and the U.K., closed through the end of 2011, except for an item under appeal. We have other less significant tax filings currently 
subject to examination. 

We regularly assess the likelihood of tax adjustments in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we have operations and account for the 
related financial statement implications. We believe we have established tax reserves that are appropriate given the possibility of tax 
adjustments. However, determining the appropriate level of tax reserves requires judgment regarding the uncertain application of tax law 
and the possibility of tax adjustments. Future changes in tax reserve requirements could have a material impact, positive or negative, on 
our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

82

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

14. Noncontrolling Interests (Preferred Stockholders’ Equity in Subsidiaries)

We redeemed all of the PBIH Preferred Stock, which had a recorded balance of $296 million, for $300 million on November 1, 2016. 
The excess was recorded to Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries attributable to noncontrolling interests.   Prior to the redemption, 
Pitney Bowes International Holdings, Inc. (PBIH), a subsidiary of the company, had 300,000 shares of outstanding perpetual voting 
preferred stock valued at $300 million held by certain institutional investors (PBIH Preferred Stock). The PBIH Preferred Stock was 
entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 6.125%.  The holders of PBIH Preferred Stock were entitled as a group to 25% of the combined 
voting power of all classes of capital stock of PBIH. All outstanding common stock of PBIH, representing the remaining 75% of the 
combined voting power of all classes of capital stock, was owned directly or indirectly by the company.  

15. Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are routinely defendants in, or party to, a number of pending and threatened legal actions. These 
may involve litigation by or against us relating to, among other things, contractual rights under vendor, insurance or other contracts; 
intellectual property or patent rights; equipment, service, payment or other disputes with clients; or disputes with employees. Some of 
these actions may be brought as a purported class action on behalf of a purported class of employees, clients or others. In management's 
opinion, it is not reasonably possible that the potential liability, if any, that may result from these actions, either individually or collectively, 
will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, as litigation is inherently unpredictable, 
there can be no assurances in this regard.

16. Leases

We lease office facilities, sales and service offices, equipment and other properties under operating lease agreements with varying terms. 
Certain leases require us to pay property taxes, insurance and routine maintenance and include renewal options and escalation clauses. 
Rent expense was $45 million, $47 million and $55 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under 
non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2016 were as follows:

Years ending December 31,

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Total minimum lease payments

$

45,892

39,953

31,191

20,519

12,670

38,720

$

188,945

83

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

17. Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity

Preferred and Preference Stock

We have two classes of preferred stock issued and outstanding: the 4% Preferred Stock (the Preferred Stock) and the $2.12 Preference 
Stock (the Preference Stock). The Preferred Stock is entitled to cumulative dividends of $2 per year and can be converted into 24.24
shares of common stock, subject to adjustment, in certain events. The Preferred Stock is redeemable at our option at a price of $50 per 
share, plus dividends accrued through the redemption date. We are authorized to issue 600,000 shares of Preferred Stock.  There were 
12 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There are no unpaid dividends in arrears.

The Preference Stock is entitled to cumulative dividends of $2.12 per year and can be converted into 16.53 shares of common stock, 
subject to adjustment, in certain events. The Preference Stock is redeemable at our option at a price of $28 per share. We are authorized 
to issue 5,000,000 shares of Preference Stock.  At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were 17,832 shares and 18,660 shares outstanding, 
respectively. There are no unpaid dividends in arrears.

Common and Treasury Stock

The following table summarizes the changes in shares of Common Stock outstanding and Treasury Stock:

Balance at December 31, 2013

Repurchases of common stock

Issuance of common stock

Conversions to common stock

Balance at December 31, 2014

Repurchases of common stock

Issuance of common stock

Conversions to common stock

Balance at December 31, 2015

Repurchases of common stock

Issuance of common stock

Conversions to common stock
December 31, 2016

Common Stock
Outstanding

202,082,522
(1,863,262)
781,032

27,672

201,027,964
(6,476,796)
943,686

26,354

195,521,208
(10,633,235)
767,060

13,685
185,668,718

Treasury Stock

121,255,390

1,863,262

(781,032)

(27,672)

122,309,948

6,476,796

(943,686)

(26,354)

127,816,704
10,633,235

(767,060)

(13,685)
137,669,194

At December 31, 2016, 32,453,416 shares were reserved for issuance under our stock plans, dividend reinvestment program and the 
conversion of Preferred Stock and Preference Stock. 

84

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were 
as follows:

Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges

Revenue

Cost of sales
Interest expense

Total before tax
Tax benefit

Net of tax

Gains (losses) on available for sale securities

Interest income

Tax provision (benefit)

Net of tax

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (b)

Transition asset

Prior service costs

Actuarial losses

Total before tax

Tax benefit

Net of tax

Amounts Reclassified from AOCI (a)

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

$

$

$

$

$

68
(222)
(2,028)
(2,182)
(850)
(1,332)

(1,126)
(433)
(693)

8
(164)
(38,370)
(38,526)
(14,430)
(24,096)

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,082
551
(2,028)
(395)
(164)
(231)

1,134

419

715

9
(171)
(43,969)
(44,131)
(15,966)
(28,165)

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,276
(140)

(2,028)
(892)

(347)

(545)

(1,149)

(424)

(725)

10

(111)

(43,702)

(43,803)

(15,643)

(28,160)

(a)   Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to income and increases to other comprehensive income (loss).
(b)   Reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into selling, general and administrative expenses. These amounts are included in the computation of net 

periodic costs of defined benefit pension plans and nonpension postretirement benefit plans (see Note 12 for additional details).

85

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

Balance January 1, 2014

$

(6,380) $

(1,769) $

(601,421) $

35,014

$

(574,556)

Cash flow
hedges

Available-for-
sale securities

Pension and
postretirement
benefit plans

Foreign
currency
adjustments

Total

Other comprehensive income (loss) before

reclassifications (a)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) (a), (b)

Net other comprehensive income (loss)

Balance at December 31, 2014

Other comprehensive income (loss) before

reclassifications (a)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) (a), (b), (c)

Net other comprehensive income (loss)

Balance at December 31, 2015

Other comprehensive income (loss) before

reclassifications (a)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) (a), (b), (c)

1,146

545

1,691
(4,689)

546

231

777
(3,912)

1,095

1,332

Net other comprehensive income (loss)

Balance at December 31, 2016

2,427
(1,485) $

$

4,010

725

4,735

2,966

(1,715)

(715)
(2,430)
536

(1,109)

(212,818)

(89,584)

(297,246)

28,160
(184,658)
(786,079)

(3,784)
(93,368)
(58,354)

25,646

(271,600)

(846,156)

19,146

(91,436)

(73,459)

28,165

47,311
(738,768)

3,299
(88,137)
(146,491)

30,980

(42,479)
(888,635)

(73,141)

(4,464)

(77,619)

693
(416)
120

$

24,096
(49,045)
(787,813) $

—
(4,464)
(150,955) $

26,121

(51,498)
(940,133)

(a)   Amounts are net of tax.  Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI.
(b)   See table above for additional details of these reclassifications.
(c)   Foreign currency item amount represents the recognition of deferred translation upon the sale of certain businesses.

19.  Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The following table shows stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Income:

Cost of equipment sales

Cost of software

Cost of support services
Cost of business services
Selling, general and administrative
Research and development
Restructuring
Stock-based compensation expense
Tax benefit
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

2014

$

$

$

525

131

$

998

211

394
525
12,127
1,180
275
15,157
(5,820)
9,337

$

786
845
16,460
1,749
—
21,049
(8,083)
12,966

$

1,004

95

607
694
14,028
1,018
—
17,446
(6,699)
10,747

86

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Stock Plans

We have a long-term incentive program whereby eligible employees may be granted restricted stock units, non-qualified stock options, 
other stock-based awards, cash or any combination thereof. The Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers 
these plans. We settle employee stock compensation awards with treasury shares. At December 31, 2016, there were 18,361,915 shares 
available for future grants under our long-term incentive program.  

Restricted Stock Units 

Restricted stock units (RSUs) entitle the holder to shares of common stock as the units vest, typically over a three year service period. 
The following table summarizes information about restricted stock units during 2016 and 2015:

Outstanding - beginning of the year

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Outstanding - end of the year

2016

2015

Shares

Weighted
average grant
date fair value

Shares

Weighted
average grant
date fair value

1,727,214

$

826,546
(822,290)
(122,011)
1,609,459

$

18.30

17.20

19.91

19.97

17.50

1,819,239

$

809,436
(802,284)
(99,177)
1,727,214

$

16.41

21.15

16.88

17.93

18.30

The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the stock price on the grant date less the present value of expected dividends. At December 31, 
2016, there was $9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average 
period of 1.6 years. The intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2016 was $23 million. The intrinsic value of RSUs vested 
during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $14 million, $18 million and $18 million, respectively. The fair value of RSUs vested during 2016, 
2015 and 2014 was $21 million, $14 million and $10 million, respectively. During 2014, we granted 685,994 RSUs at a weighted average 
fair value of $23.62.

Non-employee directors receive restricted stock units which are convertible into shares of common stock one year from date of grant. In 
2016 and 2015, we granted 54,855 and 12,824 restricted stock units, respectively, to non-employee directors.

Performance Stock Units

The following table summarizes share information about Performance stock units (PSUs) during 2016:

Outstanding - beginning of the year
Granted
Performance adjustments
Forfeited
Outstanding - end of the year

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

1,107,515
889,599
(1,400,425)
(216,791)
379,898

606,715
725,330
(188,774)
(35,756)
1,107,515

PSUs are stock awards where the number of shares ultimately received by the employee is conditional upon the attainment of certain 
performance targets as well as total shareholder return relative to peer companies. PSUs vest at the end of a three-year service period and 
the actual number of shares awarded may range from 0% to 200% of the target award. However, the final determination of the number 
of shares to be issued is made by our Board of Directors, who may reduce, but not increase, the ultimate number of shares to be awarded 
(negative discretion). PSUs are accounted for as variable awards until the end of the service period when the grant date is established.

Total share-based compensation expense for PSUs is determined by the product of the number of shares eligible to be awarded and 
expected to vest and the fair value of the award, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model, commencing at the inception of the 
requisite service period. During the performance period, the compensation expense for PSUs is re-computed using the fair value of the 
award, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model each balance sheet date. Due to the variability of these awards, significant 
fluctuations in share-based compensation expense recognized from one period to the next are possible. 

87

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

As a result of current year and projected company performance against pre-established targets for the PSU awards, our current estimate 
of the number of shares that will ultimately be awarded is significantly less than our estimate at the beginning of the year. At December 
31, 2016, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to currently outstanding PSU awards.

Stock Options

Stock options may be granted to certain officers and employees at an exercise price equal to or greater than the stock price of our common 
stock on the grant date. Options vest ratably over three or four years and expire ten years from the date of grant. At December 31, 2016, 
there was less than $3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-
average period of 2.0 years. The intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2016 was not significant.  
No stock options were exercised in 2015 or 2016. 

The following table summarizes information about stock option activity during 2016 and 2015:

Options outstanding - beginning of the year

Granted

Canceled

Expired

Options outstanding - end of the year

Options exercisable - end of the year

2016

2015

Per share
weighted
average
exercise prices

Per share
weighted
average exercise
prices

Shares

Shares

8,771,600

$

1,758,760
(157,176)
(1,250,422)
9,122,762

7,140,772

$

$

31.26

16.87

19.48

42.62

27.13

27.47

10,708,694

$

200,000
(100,200)
(2,036,894)
8,771,600

8,054,932

$

$

34.27

24.79

31.59

46.42

31.26

32.14

The following table provides additional information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016:

Range of per share exercise prices

Shares

Options Outstanding

Options Exercisable

Per share
weighted-average
exercise price

Weighted-average
remaining
contractual life

Shares

Per share
weighted-average
exercise price

Weighted-average
remaining
contractual life

$13.39 - $22.99

$23.00 - $30.99

$31.00 - $45.99

$46.00 - $48.03

3,926,391

$

2,511,223

2,055,824

629,324

9,122,762

$

18.82

25.26

37.89

48.03

27.13

6.5

3.8

.88

.09

4.1

2,197,735

$

2,257,889

2,055,824

629,324

7,140,772

$

20.22

25.33

38.90

48.00

29.66

4.6

3.23

.88

.90

2.7

We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of 
stock options include the volatility of our stock price, a risk-free interest rate, the expected dividend yield and expected life of the award. 
The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. treasuries with a term equal to the expected option term. The expected stock price volatility, 
life of the award and expected dividend yield are based on historical experience. In 2014 there were no stock options granted.

The follow table lists the weighted average of assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted during 2016 and 2015:

Expected dividend yield
Expected stock price volatility

Risk-free interest rate
Expected life

Weighted-average fair value per option granted

Fair value of options granted (in thousands)

88

Years Ended December 31,

2016

2015

4.5%
29.0%
1.6%

7 years
$2.85
$5,013

3.4%
29.0%

2.0%
7.0 years

$3.38

$676

PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We maintain a non-compensatory Employee Stock Purchase Plan that enables substantially all U.S. and Canadian employees to purchase 
shares of our common stock at an offering price of 95% of the average market price on the offering date. At no time will the exercise 
price be less than the lowest price permitted under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Employees purchased 147,680 shares and 
131,769 shares in 2016 and 2015, respectively. We have reserved 2,921,057 common shares for future purchase under the ESPP.  

20. Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

2016

Revenue

Cost of revenues
Operating expenses (1)

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Income from continuing operations

Loss from discontinued operations

Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interests

Less: Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries attributable to

noncontrolling interests

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Amounts attributable to common stockholders:

Income from continuing operations

Loss from discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (2):

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (2):

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

Total

$

844,589

$

835,886

$

839,031

$

887,069

$ 3,406,575

365,241

379,684

99,664

37,024

62,640

—

62,640

372,144

370,504

93,238

33,394

59,844

(1,660)

58,184

376,987

368,451

93,593

23,197

70,396

400,306

526,888

(40,125)

38,204

(78,329)

1,514,678

1,645,527

246,370

131,819

114,551

(291)

(750)

(2,701)

70,105

(79,079)

111,850

4,594

4,594

4,593

5,264

$

58,046

$

53,590

$

65,512

$

(84,343) $

19,045

92,805

$

$

$

$

$

$

58,046

—

58,046

0.30

—

0.30

0.30

—

0.30

$

$

$

$

$

$

55,250

(1,660)

53,590

0.29

(0.01)

0.28

0.29

(0.01)

0.28

$

$

$

$

$

$

65,803

(291)

65,512

0.35

—

0.35

0.35

—

0.35

$

$

$

$

$

$

(83,593) $

95,506

(750)

(2,701)

(84,343) $

92,805

(0.45) $

—

(0.45) $

(0.45) $

—

(0.45) $

0.51

(0.01)

0.49

0.51

(0.01)

0.49

(1)  Fourth quarter operating expense amount include an adjustment to reverse previously recognized variable compensation expense of $36 million and a non-cash 

goodwill impairment charge of $171 million 

(2)  The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

89

 
 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2015

Revenue

Cost of revenues

Operating expenses

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Income from continuing operations

Income from discontinued operations

Net income before attribution of noncontrolling interests
Less: Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries attributable to

noncontrolling interests

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Amounts attributable to common stockholders:

Income from continuing operations

Income from discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (1):

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Net income - Pitney Bowes Inc.

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

Total

$

890,681

$

880,891

$

869,541

$

936,947

$ 3,578,060

390,525

364,560

135,596

50,547

85,049

157

385,182

286,256

209,453

52,351

157,102

(739)

376,205

356,784

136,552

42,676

93,876

—

85,206

156,363

93,876

406,679

401,044

129,224

44,204

85,020

5,853

90,873

1,558,591

1,408,644

610,825

189,778

421,047

5,271

426,318

4,594

4,593

4,594

4,594

18,375

$

80,612

$

151,770

$

89,282

$

86,279

$

407,943

$

$

$

$

$

$

80,455

157

80,612

0.40

—

0.40

0.40

—

0.40

$

$

$

$

$

$

152,509

(739)

151,770

0.76

—

0.75

0.75

—

0.75

$

$

$

$

$

$

89,282

—

89,282

0.45

—

0.45

0.44

—

0.44

$

$

$

$

$

$

80,426

5,853

86,279

0.40

0.03

0.43

0.41

0.03

0.44

$

$

$

$

$

$

402,672

5,271

407,943

2.01

0.03

2.04

2.00

0.03

2.03

(1)  The sum of the earnings per share amounts may not equal the totals due to rounding.

90

 
 
 
 
PITNEY BOWES INC.
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
(Dollars in thousands)

Description

Balance at
beginning of year

Additions charged
to expense

Deductions

Balance at end of
year

Allowance for doubtful accounts
2016
2015
2014

Valuation allowance for deferred tax asset
2016
2015
2014

$
$
$

$
$
$

9,997
12,455
13,149

132,624
116,935
122,780

$
$
$

$
$
$

6,797
430
3,197

6,523
21,232
636

$
$
$

$
$
$

(2,422)
(2,888)
(3,891)

(12,052)
(5,543)
(6,481)

$
$
$

$
$
$

14,372
9,997
12,455

127,095
132,624
116,935

91

Exhibit 12

PITNEY BOWES INC.
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Years Ended December 31,

Income from continuing operations

before income taxes

Add:
Interest expense (1)
Portion of rents representative of the

interest factor

Amortization of capitalized interest

Income as adjusted

Fixed charges:
Interest expense (1)
Portion of rents representative of the

interest factor

Noncontrolling interests (preferred
stock dividends of subsidiaries),
excluding taxes
Total fixed charges

$

246,370

$

610,825

$

431,196

$

383,954

$

511,770

148,044

162,909

174,661

195,368

196,368

14,927

—

15,807

—

18,367

—

22,259

—

22,564

973

409,341

$

789,541

$

624,224

$

601,581

$

731,675

148,044

$

162,909

$

174,661

$

195,368

$

196,368

14,927

15,807

18,367

22,259

22,564

$

$

30,917

29,830

29,878

27,841

27,841

$

193,888

$

208,546

$

222,906

$

245,468

$

246,773

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (2)

2.11

3.79

2.80

2.45

2.96

(1)  Interest expense includes both financing interest expense and other interest expense.

(2)  The computation of the ratio of earnings to fixed charges has been computed by dividing income from continuing operations 
before income taxes as adjusted by fixed charges.  Included in fixed charges is one-third of rent expense as the representative 
portion of interest.

PITNEY BOWES INC.
SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT
The Registrant, Pitney Bowes Inc., a Delaware Corporation, has no parent
The following are subsidiaries of the Registrant
(as of December 31, 2016)

Exhibit 21

Subsidiary Name

Alternative Mail & Parcels Investments Ltd

B. Williams Funding Corp.

Borderfree Australia Pty. Ltd.

Borderfree Canada, Inc.

Borderfree China Co., Ltd.

Borderfree Limited

Borderfree Research and Development Ltd.

Borderfree UK Limited

Borderfree, Inc.

BoxHop LLC

Elmcroft Road Realty Corporation

Enroute Systems Corporation

FSL Holdings Inc.

FSL Risk Managers Inc.

Group 1 Software China Ltd.

Harvey Company, L.L.C

MapInfo Realty LLC

Maponics, LLC

OLDEMT LIMITED

OldEurope Limited

OldMS Limited

OLDPBIMS LIMITED

OldPBSL

OLDPBIMS Limited

PB Equipment Management Inc.

PB European UK LLC

PB Nova Scotia Holdings Inc.

PB Nova Scotia Holdings ULC

PB Nova Scotia VI ULC

PB Nova Scotia VII ULC

PB Nova Scotia II ULC

PB Professional Services Inc.

PB US Can LLC

PB Worldwide Inc,

Pitney Bowes (Asia Pacific) Pte. Ltd

Pitney Bowes (Switzerland) AG

Pitney Bowes Australia FAS Pty Limited

Pitney Bowes Australia Pty Limited

Pitney Bowes Brasil Equipamentos e Servicos Ltda

Country or state of incorporation

United Kingdom

Delaware

Australia

Canada

China

Ireland

Israel

United Kingdom

Delaware

Delaware

Connecticut

Deleware

Connecticut

New York

Hong Kong

Delaware

New York

Vermont

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Singapore

Switzerland

Australia

Australia

Brazil

Pitney Bowes Canada II LP

Pitney Bowes Credit Australia Limited

Pitney Bowes Danmark A/S

Pitney Bowes Deutschland GmbH

Pitney Bowes Finance Ireland Limited

Pitney Bowes Finance Limited

Pitney Bowes Funding SRL

Pitney Bowes Global Financial Services LLC

Pitney Bowes Global Limited

Pitney Bowes Global LLC

Pitney Bowes Holdco Limited

Pitney Bowes Holding SNC

Pitney Bowes Holdings Limited

Pitney Bowes India Private Limited

Pitney Bowes International Finance Limited

Pitney Bowes International Funding

Pitney Bowes International Holdings, Inc.

Pitney Bowes Ireland Limited

Pitney Bowes Italia S.r.l.

Pitney Bowes Japan K.K.

Pitney Bowes Limited

Pitney Bowes Luxembourg Holding II S.a.r.l.

Pitney Bowes Luxembourg Holding S.a.r.l.

Pitney Bowes New Zealand Limited

Pitney Bowes Norge AS

Pitney Bowes Nova Scotia ULC

Pitney Bowes of Canada Ltd. - Pitney Bowes du Canada Ltee

Pitney Bowes Oy

Pitney Bowes Polska Sp. z.o.o.

Pitney Bowes Presort Services, Inc.

Pitney Bowes Properties Inc.

Pitney Bowes Puerto Rico, Inc.

Pitney Bowes SAS

Pitney Bowes Shelton Realty LLC

Pitney Bowes Software (Beijing) Ltd

Pitney Bowes Software Canada Inc.

Pitney Bowes Software Europe Limited

Pitney Bowes Software Holdings Limited

Pitney Bowes Software Inc.

Pitney Bowes Software India Private Limited

Pitney Bowes Software Pte. Ltd

Pitney Bowes Software Pty Ltd

Pitney Bowes Software SAS

Pitney Bowes Svenska Aktiebolag

Pitney Bowes UK LP

PitneyWorks.com Inc.

Canada

Australia

Denmark

Germany

Ireland

United Kingdom

Barbados

Delaware

United Kingdom

Delaware

United Kingdom

France

United Kingdom

India

United Kingdom

Ireland

Delaware

Ireland

Italy

Japan

United Kingdom

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

New Zealand

Norway

Canada

Canada

Finland

Poland

Delaware

Connecticut

Puerto Rico

France

Connecticut

China

Canada

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Delaware

India

Singapore

Australia

France

Sweden

United Kingdom

Delaware

PitneyWorks.com L.L.C.

Portrait International, Inc.

Portrait Million Handshakes AS

Portrait Software International Limited

Portrait Software Limited

Quadstone Paramics Ltd

Real Time Content Ltd

Technopli SARL

The Pitney Bowes Bank, Inc.

Wheeler Insurance, Ltd.

Delaware

Ohio

Norway

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Scotland

United Kingdom

France

Utah

Vermont

EXHIBIT 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Registration Nos. 333-05731, 
333-132589, 333-132590, 333-132591, 333-132592, 333-145527, 333-190308) and on Forms S-3 (Registration Nos. 333-183070,  
333-198759) of Pitney Bowes Inc. of our report dated February 22, 2017 relating to the financial statements, financial statement 
schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Stamford, Connecticut
February 22, 2017 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.1

I, Marc B. Lautenbach, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pitney Bowes Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all 
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;

4.  The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures 
(as  defined  in  Exchange Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e))  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (as  defined  in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.  Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant's  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this  
report based on such evaluation; and 

d.  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.  The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing 
the equivalent functions):

a.  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting 
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial 
information; and

b.  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 22, 2017 

/s/ Marc B. Lautenbach
Marc B. Lautenbach
President and Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 31.2

I, Stanley J. Sutula III, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pitney Bowes Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all 
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;

4.  The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures 
(as  defined  in  Exchange Act  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e))  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (as  defined  in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.  Evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  registrant's  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  presented  in  this  report  our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this  
report based on such evaluation; and 

d.  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 

5.  The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing 
the equivalent functions):

a.  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting 
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial 
information; and

b.  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 22, 2017 

/s/ Stanley J. Sutula III
Stanley J. Sutula III

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.1

In connection with the Annual Report of Pitney Bowes Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Marc B. Lautenbach, President 
and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted 
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) 

(2) 

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results 
of operations of the Company.

/s/ Marc B. Lautenbach
Marc B. Lautenbach
President and Chief Executive Officer
 Date: February 22, 2017 

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany this report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, and is not being filed 
for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into 
any filing of the Company.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.2

In connection with the Annual Report of Pitney Bowes Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"),  I, Stanley J. Sutula III, Executive 
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 
1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) 

(2) 

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
as amended; and

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results 
of operations of the Company.

/s/ Stanley J. Sutula

Stanley J. Sutula III

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 Date: February 22, 2017 

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany this report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, and is not being filed 
for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into 
any filing of the Company.

Stockholder Information

World Headquarters
Pitney Bowes Inc. 
3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926 
203.356.5000 
www.pitneybowes.com

Annual Meeting
Stockholders are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting  
at 9:00 a.m., Monday, May 8, 2017, at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, 
1800 East Putnam Ave., Old Greenwich, Connecticut. Notice of  
the meeting will be mailed or made available to stockholders of 
record as of March 10, 2017. Please refer to the Proxy Statement 
for information concerning admission to the meeting.

10-K Report
Included in this Annual Report to Stockholders is a copy of our 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 
This Annual Report contains statements that are forward-looking. 
These statements are based on current expectations and 
assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual 
results could differ materially because of factors discussed in the 
Forward-Looking Statements section of the Form 10-K. The CEO/
CFO certifications required to be filed with the SEC under Section 
302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 were filed as exhibits  
to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2016. The CEO certification required to be 
submitted to the NYSE pursuant to Section 303A.12(a) of the  
NYSE Listed Company Manual was submitted on June 2, 2016.

Copies of our Form 10-K are available without charge at 
www.pb.com/investorrelations or upon written request to:  
Investor Relations 
Pitney Bowes Inc. 
3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926

Stock Exchange
Pitney Bowes common stock is traded under the symbol “PBI.” 
The principal market on which it is listed is the New York Stock 
Exchange.

Investor Inquiries
All investor inquiries about Pitney Bowes should be addressed to: 
Investor Relations 
Pitney Bowes Inc. 
3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926

Comments concerning the Annual Report  
should be sent to:
Corporate Communications 
Pitney Bowes Inc. 
3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926

The materials used in this publication are recyclable.  
The paper is certified to Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) standards. 

Pitney Bowes, the Corporate logo, and SendPro are trademarks of  
Pitney Bowes Inc. or a subsidiary.  
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

.

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Transfer Agent and Registrar
Regular Mail:  Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions 

PO Box 1342 
Brentwood, NY 11717
Overnight Mail: Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions 

ATTN: IWS 
1155 Long Island Avenue 
Edgewood, NY 11717
Email: shareholder@broadridge.com 
Website: https://shareholder.broadridge.com/PBI 
Stockholders may call Broadridge at (800) 648-8170. 

Stockholder Inquiries
To provide or obtain information concerning transfer 
requirements, lost certificates, dividends, changes of address  
and other matters, please call: (800) 648-8170, TDD phone  
service for the hearing impaired (855) 627-5080, for foreign 
holders (720) 399-2074; or write to an address above.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Owners of Pitney Bowes Inc. common stock may purchase 
common stock, $1 par value, with their dividends through the 
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. A prospectus and enrollment card 
may be obtained by calling (800) 648-8170 or (720) 414-6868 
(int’l) or by writing to the agent at an address above.

Direct Deposit of Dividends
For information about direct deposit of dividends, please call  
(800) 648-8170 or (720) 414-6868 (int’l) or write to the agent  
at an address above.

Duplicate Mailings
If you receive duplicate mailings because you have more than  
one account listing, you may wish to save your company money  
by consolidating your accounts. Please call (800) 648-8170 or 
(720) 414-6868 (int’l) or write to the agent at an address above.

Stock Information
Dividends per common share:

Quarter 

First 
Second 
Third 
Fourth 

Total 

  2016 

$ 0.1875 
$ 0.1875 
$ 0.1875 
$ 0.1875 

$ 0.75 

Quarterly price ranges of common stock:

2016 Quarter 

First 
Second 
Third 
Fourth 

2015 Quarter 

First 
Second 
Third 
Fourth 

  High 

$  21.60 
$  21.81 
$  19.33 
$  18.20 

  High 

$  24.60 
$  23.93 
$  21.64 
$  21.76 

  2015

$ 0.1875
$ 0.1875
$ 0.1875
$ 0.1875

$ 0.75

  Low

$  16.24
$  16.28
$  16.88
$  14.22

  Low

$  21.15
$  20.79
$  18.59
$  19.12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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3001 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06926   203.356.5000   www.pitneybowes.com