Plymouth Industrial REIT
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

Annual Report 2018 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. From left: Jeff Witherell, Anne Hayward, Pen White, Jim Connolly, and Dan Wright About Us Plymouth Industrial REIT (NYSE American: PLYM) is a vertically integrated and self- managed real estate investment trust focused on the acquisition and operation of single and multi-tenant industrial properties located in secondary and select primary markets across the United States. The Company seeks to acquire properties that provide current operating income with the opportunity to enhance shareholder value through property re-positioning, capital improvements and restructuring tenant leases. Dear Fellow Shareholders: As we look back on 2018, and toward 2019 and beyond, we take note and appreciate that our business is about more than just concrete and steel. It is about people. The supply chain is a complex and often overlooked process of sourcing raw materials, manufacturing and assembling products, and distributing those products to end-users throughout the United States and across the world. It consists of trucks, trains, conveyor systems, software systems and, yes, even robots. None of it exists without people. Our contribution to the supply chain is to provide functional buildings in which those critical activities are efficiently carried out. Currently, we supply 83 of those buildings to over 180 companies and organizations who are our customers (commonly known as tenants in real estate parlance). Across a portfolio of 12 million square feet, thousands of people work in our buildings, many on Saturday and Sunday, and some on the second and third shifts. In short, we provide buildings for people. As many investors know, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) were formed to allow corporations to pay out dividends in a tax-efficient manner. We believe that owning REIT stock is an important component of any investment portfolio. To emphasize that belief, all of our employees receive common stock grants as part of their overall compensation. This practice reinforces our philosophy of employees as shareholders. The property portfolio performed well in 2018 and operationally we completed: ◆ Two UPREIT transactions utilizing units from our operating partnership instead of cash to acquire two properties including 1.1 million square feet in Cincinnati. ◆ Opened an office in Columbus, Ohio and brought on two new employees to provide regional property management services for us. ◆ A transformative investment in the Company with Madison International Realty, a well-respected institutional real estate investor. ◆ A $93 million acquisition of a 20-building portfolio in Jacksonville, Florida. ◆ Secured fixed rate mortgages on 90% of our debt at historically low interest rates. All of our accomplishments in 2018 were driven by people, both those internal to Plymouth and those with whom we do business. We thank the many people and organizations that work with us. Thank you for your continued investment in Plymouth. We look forward to a constructive 2019. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer President and Chief Investment Officer Jeffrey E. Witherell Pendleton P. White, Jr. Following is the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) ☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 001-38106 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. (Exact name of registrant in its charter) Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation of organization) 27-5466152 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 260 Franklin Street, 7th Floor Boston, MA 02110 (Address of principal executive offices) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 340-3814 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class: Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share 7.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered: NYSE American NYSE American Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§230.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☑ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☑ The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price reported on the NYSE American on June 30, 2018) was $54,319,008. Shares held by all executive officers and directors of the registrant have been excluded from the foregoing calculation because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant. The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 7, 2019 was 4,851,068. Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The registrant expects to file its Definitive Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2018. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Table of Contents ITEM PAGE PART I 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7A. 8. 9. 9A. 9B. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Business .......................................................................................................................................................... Risk Factors ..................................................................................................................................................... Unresolved Staff Comments ........................................................................................................................... Properties ........................................................................................................................................................ Legal Proceedings ........................................................................................................................................... Mine Safety Disclosures ................................................................................................................................. PART II Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .......................................................................................................................................... Selected Financial Data ................................................................................................................................... Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .......................... Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ......................................................................... Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ......................................................................... Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .......................... Controls and Procedures ................................................................................................................................. Other Information............................................................................................................................................ PART III Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance .............................................................................. Executive Compensation ................................................................................................................................. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ........ Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ................................................. Principal Accountant Fees and Expenses ........................................................................................................ Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ................................................................................................... Form 10-K Summary ...................................................................................................................................... PART IV 1 4 4 5 8 8 9 11 11 21 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 28 i CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS We make statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are forward-looking statements, which are usually identified by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” and variations of such words or similar expressions. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies or prospects will be attained or achieved and you should not place undue reliance on these forward- looking statements. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and factors including, without limitation: • • the competitive environment in which we operate; real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for tenants in such markets; acquisition risks, including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections; the timing of acquisitions and dispositions; • decreased rental rates or increasing vacancy rates; • potential defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants; • potential bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants; • • • potential natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires or floods; • national, international, regional and local economic conditions; • • potential changes in the law or governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations, the general level of interest rates; • including changes in real estate and zoning or REIT tax laws, and potential increases in real property tax rates; financing risks, including the risks that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest and we may be unable to refinance our existing debt upon maturity or obtain new financing on attractive terms or at all; lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance; • • our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT; • • possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. ii In this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Glossary • • • • • • • • • • • • • • “annualized rent” means the monthly base rent for the applicable property or properties as of December 31, 2018, multiplied by 12 and then multiplied by our percentage ownership interest for such property, where applicable, and “total annualized rent” means the annualized rent for the applicable group of properties; “capitalization rate” means the ratio of a property’s annual net operating income to its purchase price; “Class A industrial properties” means industrial properties that typically possess most of the following characteristics: 15 years old or newer, square footage in excess of 300,000 square feet, concrete tilt-up construction, clear height in excess of 26 feet, a ratio of dock doors to floor area that is more than one door per 10,000 square feet and energy efficient design characteristics suitable for current and future tenants; “Class B industrial properties” means industrial properties that typically possess most of the following characteristics: more than 15 years old, square footage between 50,000 and 300,000 square feet, clear heights between 18 and 26 feet, and adequate building systems (mechanical, HVAC and utility) to deliver services currently required by tenants but which may need upgrades for future tenants; “Company Portfolio” means the 55 distribution centers, warehouse and light industrial properties which we own as of the date of December 31, 2018; “net operating income” or “NOI” means total revenue (including rental revenue, tenant reimbursements, management, leasing and development services revenue and other income) less property-level operating expenses including allocated overhead. NOI excludes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, impairments, gain/loss on sale of real estate, interest expense and other non-operating expenses; “OP units” means units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership; “our operating partnership” means Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, and the subsidiaries through which we conduct substantially all of our business; “Plymouth,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is clear from the context that the term only means Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., the issuer of the shares of Common and Preferred stock, in this annual report; “primary markets” means gateway cities and the following six largest metropolitan areas in the U.S., each generally consisting of more than 300 million square feet of industrial space: Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Washington, DC, Miami, Seattle and Atlanta; “secondary markets” means for our purposes non-gateway markets, each generally consisting of between 100 million and 300 million square feet of industrial space, including the following metropolitan areas in the U.S.: Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, Norfolk, Orlando, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, San Antonio, South Florida, St. Louis and Tampa; “Torchlight” means Torchlight Investors, LLC and the Torchlight Entities, as applicable; “Torchlight Entities” means DOF IV REIT Holdings, LLC, and “Torchlight Transactions” means the June, 2017 redemption of certain preferred equity interests held by Torchlight for $25.0 million, which was paid by a combination of $20.0 million in cash with a portion of the net proceeds from our initial listed public offering and 263,158 shares of common stock issued to Torchlight in a private placement, and the private issuance of warrants to Torchlight to acquire 250,000 shares of common stock, in each case concurrently with the closing of our initial listed public offering. Our definitions of Class A industrial properties, Class B industrial properties, primary markets and secondary markets may vary from the definitions of these terms used by investors, analysts or other industrial REITs. iii Item 1. Business Overview PART I We are a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT focused on the acquisition, ownership and management of single- and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties, primarily located in secondary and select primary markets across the United States. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s Portfolio consists of 55 industrial properties located in ten states with an aggregate of approximately 12 million rentable square feet. The Company Portfolio was 95% leased to 182 different tenants across 29 industry types as of December 31, 2018. We intend to continue to focus on the acquisition of Class B industrial properties primarily in secondary markets with net rentable square footage ranging between approximately 100 million and 300 million square feet, which we refer to as our target markets. We believe industrial properties in such target markets will provide superior and consistent cash flow returns at generally lower acquisition costs relative to industrial properties in primary markets. Further, we believe there is a greater potential for higher rates of appreciation in the value of industrial properties in our target markets relative to industrial properties in primary markets. We believe our target markets provide us with opportunities to acquire both stabilized properties generating favorable cash flows, as well as properties where we can enhance returns through value-add renovations and redevelopment. We focus primarily on the following investments: • single-tenant industrial properties where tenants are paying below-market rents with near-term lease expirations that we believe have a high likelihood of renewal at market rents; and • multi-tenant industrial properties that we believe would benefit from our value-add management approach to create attractive leasing options for our tenants, and as a result of the presence of smaller tenants, obtain higher per-square-foot rents. We believe there are a significant number of attractive acquisition opportunities available to us in our target markets and that the fragmented and complex nature of our target markets generally make it difficult for less-experienced or less-focused investors to access comparable opportunities on a consistent basis. Our company, was founded in March 2011 by two of our executive officers, Jeffrey Witherell and Pendleton White, Jr., each of whom has at least 25 years of experience acquiring, owning and operating commercial real estate properties. In June 2017, we completed our initial listed public offering of our common stock. The net proceeds of our initial listed public offering were approximately $52.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs. We used approximately $20.0 million of the net proceeds of the offering to redeem Torchlight’s preferred equity interests in one of our subsidiaries and substantially all of the remaining net proceeds to acquire nine additional industrial properties. In November 2017, we completed our offering of our 7.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. The net proceeds from our Series A Preferred stock offering were approximately $48.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. In July 2018, we completed our follow on offering of our common stock. The net proceeds of our follow on offering of common stock was approximately $17.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs. In December 2018, we completed a private placement of our Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock. The net proceeds from our Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock private placement was approximately $71.8 million after deducting underwriting commissions and offering costs. Investment Strategy Our primary investment strategy is to acquire and own Class B industrial properties predominantly in secondary markets across the U.S. We generally define Class B industrial properties as industrial properties that are typically more than 15 years old, have clear heights between 18 and 26 feet and square footage between 50,000 and 300,000 square feet, with building systems that have adequate capacities to deliver the services currently needed by existing tenants, but may need upgrades for future tenants. In contrast, we define Class A industrial properties as industrial properties that typically are 15 years old or newer, have clear heights in excess of 26 feet and square footage in excess of 300,000 square feet, with energy efficient design characteristics suitable for current and future tenants. We intend to own and acquire properties that we believe can achieve high initial yields and strong ongoing cash-on-cash returns and that exhibit the potential for increased rental growth in the future. In addition, we may acquire Class A industrial properties that offer similar attractive return characteristics if the cost basis for such properties are comparable to those of Class B industrial properties in a given market or sub-market. While we will focus on investment opportunities in our target markets, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties in primary markets when we believe we can achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns. 1 We also intend to pursue joint venture arrangements with institutional partners which could provide management fee income as well as residual profit-sharing income. Such joint ventures may involve investing in industrial assets that would be characterized as opportunistic or value-add investments. These may involve development or re-development strategies that may require significant up-front capital expenditures, lengthy lease-up periods and result in inconsistent cash flows. As such, these properties’ risk profiles and return metrics would likely differ from the non-joint venture properties that we target for acquisition. We believe we have a competitive advantage in sourcing attractive acquisitions because the competition for our target assets is primarily from local investors who are not likely to have ready access to debt or equity capital. In addition, our umbrella partnership real estate investment trust, or UPREIT, structure enables us to acquire industrial properties on a non-cash basis in a tax efficient manner through the issuance of OP units as full or partial consideration for the transaction. We will also continue to develop our large existing network of relationships with real estate and financial intermediaries. These individuals and companies give us access to significant deal flow—both those broadly marketed and those exposed through only limited marketing. These properties will be acquired primarily from third-party owners of existing leased buildings and secondarily from owner-occupiers through sale-leaseback transactions. Growth Strategies We seek to maximize our cash flows through proactive asset management. Our asset management team actively manages our properties in an effort to maintain high retention rates, lease vacant space, manage operating expenses and maintain our properties to an appropriate standard. In doing so, we have developed strong tenant relationships. We intend to leverage those relationships and market knowledge to increase renewals, properly prepare tenants for rent increases, obtain early notification of departures to provide longer re-leasing periods and work with tenants to properly maintain the quality and attractiveness of our properties. Our asset management team also collaborates with our internal credit function to actively monitor the credit profile of each of our tenants and prospective tenants on an ongoing basis. Our asset management team functions include strategic planning and decision-making, centralized leasing activities and management of third-party leasing companies. Our asset management/credit team oversees property management activities relating to our properties which include controlling capital expenditures and expenses that are not reimbursable by tenants, making regular property inspections, overseeing rent collections and cost control and planning and budgeting activities. Tenant relations matters, including monitoring of tenant compliance with their property maintenance obligations and other lease provisions, will be handled by in-house personnel for most of our properties. Financing Strategy We intend to maintain a flexible and growth-oriented capital structure. We used the net proceeds from our public offerings along with additional secured and unsecured indebtedness to acquire industrial properties. Our additional indebtedness may include arrangements such as a revolving credit facility or term loan. We believe that we will have the ability to leverage newly- acquired properties with our long-term target debt-to-value ratio of less than 50%. We also anticipate using OP units to acquire properties from existing owners interested in tax-deferred transactions. Investment Criteria We believe that our market knowledge, operations systems and internal processes allow us to efficiently analyze the risks associated with an asset’s ability to produce cash flow going forward. We blend fundamental real estate analysis with corporate credit analysis to make an assessment of probable cash flows that will be realized in future periods. We also use data-driven and event-driven analytics and primary research to identify and pursue emerging investment opportunities. Our investment strategy focuses on Class B industrial properties in secondary markets for the following reasons: • Class B industrial properties generally require less capital expenditures than both Class A industrial properties and other • commercial property types; investment yields for Class B industrial properties are often greater than investment yields on both Class A industrial properties and other commercial property types; • Class B industrial tenants tend to retain their current space more frequently than Class A industrial tenants; • Class B industrial properties tend to have higher current returns and lower volatility than Class A industrial properties; • we believe there is less competition for Class B industrial properties from institutional real estate buyers; our typical • competitors are local investors who often do not have ready access to debt or equity capital; the Class B industrial real estate market is highly fragmented and complex, which we believe makes it difficult for less- experienced or less-focused investors to access comparable opportunities on a consistent basis; • we believe that there is a limited new supply of Class B industrial space in our target markets; • • Class B industrial properties and secondary markets are typically “cycle agnostic”; i.e. , less prone to overall real estate secondary markets generally have less occupancy and rental rate volatility than primary markets; cycle fluctuations; • we believe secondary markets generally have more growth potential at a lower cost basis than primary markets; and • we believe that the demand for e-commerce-related properties, or e-fulfillment facilities, will continue to grow and play a significant role in our investing strategy. 2 Regulation General Our properties are subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that we have the necessary permits and approvals to operate each of our properties. Americans with Disabilities Act Our properties must comply with Title III of the ADA to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined under the ADA. Under the ADA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. Although we believe that the properties in the Company Portfolio in the aggregate substantially comply with present requirements of the ADA, and we have not received any notice for correction from any regulatory agency, we have not conducted a comprehensive audit or investigation of all of our properties to determine whether we are in compliance and therefore we may own properties that are not in compliance with the ADA. ADA compliance is dependent upon the tenant’s specific use of the property, and as the use of a property changes or improvements to existing spaces are made, we will take steps to ensure compliance. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in additional costs to attain compliance, imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages or attorney’s fees to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations to achieve compliance as necessary. Environmental Matters The Company Portfolio is subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the authority to require us, as owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated, and therefore, it is possible we could incur these costs even after we sell some of the properties we acquire. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner’s ability to borrow using the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under applicable environmental laws, courts and government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the clean-up of that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment. Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos at one of our properties may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Lastly, some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various activities. An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used. We could be responsible for any of the costs discussed above. The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect the funds available for distribution to our stockholders. We usually require Phase I or similar environmental assessments by independent environmental consultants at the time of acquisition of a property. We generally expect to continue to obtain a Phase I or similar environmental site assessments by independent environmental consultants on each property prior to acquiring it. However, these environmental assessments may not reveal all environmental costs that might have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, results of operations or liquidity and may not identify all potential environmental liabilities. We can make no assurances that (1) future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose material environmental liabilities on us, or (2) the current environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by tenants, the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of our properties (such as releases from underground storage tanks), or by third parties unrelated to us. Insurance We carry commercial property, liability and terrorism coverage on all the properties in the Company Portfolio under a blanket insurance policy. Generally, we do not carry insurance for certain types of extraordinary losses, including, but not limited to, losses caused by riots, war, earthquakes and wildfires unless the property is in a higher risk area for those events. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and standard industry practice, however, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to fully cover all of our losses. In addition, our title insurance policies may not insure for the current aggregate market value of the Company Portfolio, and we do not intend to increase our title insurance coverage as the market value of the Company Portfolio increases. Competition In acquiring our properties, we compete with other public industrial property sector REITs, income oriented non-traded REITs, private real estate fund managers and local real estate investors and developers. The last named group, local real estate investors and developers, historically has represented our dominant competition for acquisition opportunities. Many of these 3 entities have greater resources than us or other competitive advantages. We also face significant competition in leasing available properties to prospective tenants and in re-leasing space to existing tenants. Employees As of December 31, 2018, we had thirteen full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. Legal Proceedings We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, we may become party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. There can be no assurance that these matters that may arise in the future, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Structure and Formation of Our Company Our Company We were formed as a Maryland corporation in March 2011 and conduct our business through an UPREIT structure in which our properties are owned by our operating partnership directly or through subsidiaries, as described below under “—Our Operating Partnership.” We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and indirectly own 82.2% of the OP units in our operating partnership. Our operating partnership owns, directly and indirectly, 100% of the equity interests of its subsidiaries. Our board of directors oversees our business and affairs. Our Operating Partnership Our operating partnership was formed as a Delaware limited partnership in March 2011. Substantially all of our assets are held by, and our operations are conducted through, our operating partnership. Any net proceeds from our public offerings will be contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for OP units. Our interest in our operating partnership will generally entitle us to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, our operating partnership in proportion to our percentage ownership. As the sole general partner of our operating partnership, we generally have the exclusive power under the partnership agreement to manage and conduct its business and affairs, subject to certain limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners. Our Corporate Information Our principal executive offices are located at 260 Franklin Street, 7th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. Our telephone number is (617) 340-3814. Our website is www.plymouthreit.com.We electronically file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Access to those reports and other filings with the SEC may be obtained, free of charge from our website, www.plymouthreit.com or through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed or furnished to the SEC. Item 1A. Risk Factors Risk factors have been omitted as permitted under rules applicable to smaller reporting companies. Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties The following table provides certain information with respect to the Company Portfolio, as of December 31, 2018. Metro Atlanta Atlanta Atlanta Atlanta Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago Property 32 Dart Road 1665 Dogwood Drive 1715 Dogwood Drive 11236 Harland Drive 11351 W. 183rd 11601 Central 13040 South Pulaski 1355 Holmes 13970 West Laurel 1445 Greenleaf 1600 Fleetwood 1750 South Lincoln 1796 Sherwin 1875 Holmes 189 Seegers 2401 Commerce 28160 North Keith 3 West College City Newnan Conyers Conyers Covington Orland Park Alsip Alsip Elgin Lake Forest Elk Grove Village Elgin Freeport Des Plaines Elgin Elk Grove Libertyville Lake Forest Arlington Heights Property Type State GA Warehouse/Light Manufacturing GA Warehouse/Distribution GA Warehouse/Distribution GA Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing IL Light Manufacturing/Flex IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Distribution IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Light Manufacturing/Flex IL Flex Space IL IL Light Manufacturing/Flex IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Year Built/ Renovated (1) 1988, 2014 1973 1973 1988 2000 1970 1976 1998 1990 1968 1968 2001 1964 1989 1972 2009 1989 1978 Square Footage Occupancy 194,800 198,000 100,000 32,361 18,768 260,000 395,466 82,456 70,196 150,000 247,000 499,200 98,879 134,415 25,000 78,574 77,924 33,263 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 4 Percent of Total Annualized Rent (3) 1.1% 1.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.4% 1.4% 3.6% 0.9% 0.7% 2.0% 2.6% 2.3% 1.2% 1.2% 0.4% 1.3% 0.8% 0.4% Annualized Rent/ Square Footage (4) $2.75 $3.05 $2.34 $3.75 $ 10.19 $2.46 $4.32 $4.90 $4.59 $ 6.14 $4.95 $ 2.13 $5.78 $4.30 $6.76 $7.62 $4.54 $ 6.01 Annualized Rent (2) $535,704 $603,900 $ 233,911 $ 121,354 $ 191,291 $639,600 $1,707,600 $404,060 $322,266 $921,528 $ 1,221,909 $1,060,800 $571,965 $577,868 $168,924 $598,639 $353,486 $200,000 Property Type Annualized Rent/ Square Footage (4) Annualized Rent (2) Year Built/ Renovated (1) 1978 1987 1974 1974 1975 1973 1974 1968, 1998 1991 1973 1959 1946 2005 2007 1971 1999 1992 Square Footage Occupancy State City Property Metro 99,625 IL Light Manufacturing/Flex Gurnee 3841 Swanson Chicago 146,798 IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing St. Charles 3940 Stern Chicago 148,091 IL Warehouse/Distribution Bedford Park 6000 West 73rd Chicago 306,552 IL Warehouse/Distribution Bedford Park 6510 West 73rd Chicago 301,000 IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Bedford Park 6558 West 73rd Chicago 242,690 IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Bedford Park 6751 Sayre Chicago 207,345 IL Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Bedford Park 7200 Mason Chicago 74,613 Light Manufacturing/Flex IL Elgin South McLean Chicago 70,000 OH Warehouse/Distribution Fairfield 4115 Thunderbird Cincinnati 148,415 KY Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Florence 7585 Empire Cincinnati 358,386 OH Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Sharonville 11540-11630 Mosteller Cincinnati 1,071,600 OH Warehouse/Light Manufacturing Fairfield Fisher Industrial Park Cincinnati 255,570 OH Warehouse/Light Manufacturing 1755 Enterprise Twinsburg Cleveland 400,184 OH Warehouse/Distribution 30339 Diamond Parkway Glenwillow Cleveland 121,200 OH Warehouse/Distribution Columbus 2120-2138 New World Columbus 340,000 OH Warehouse/Distribution Lockbourne 3100 Creekside Columbus 527,127 OH Warehouse/Distribution Grove City 3500 Southwest Columbus 1986, 2007, 2012 54,100 OH Warehouse/Distribution Reynoldsburg 7001 Americana Columbus 77,271 OH Warehouse/Distribution Lewis Center 8273 Green Meadows Columbus 300,000 OH Warehouse/Distribution Lewis Center 8288 Green Meadows Columbus 562,497 IN Warehouse/Distribution Indianapolis 3035 North Shadeland Indianapolis 44,374 IN Warehouse/Distribution Indianapolis 3169 North Shadeland Indianapolis 638,400 TN Warehouse/Distribution Jackson 210 American Memphis 235,006 TN Flex Space Memphis Airport Business Park Memphis 131,904 TN Warehouse/Distribution Memphis Knight Road Memphis 202,303 TN Warehouse/Distribution Memphis Shelby Distribution Memphis 58,500 WI Warehouse/Distribution Milwaukee 5110 South 6th Milwaukee NJ 156,279 Marlton Philadelphia 4 East Stow ME Warehouse/Light Manufacturing1995, 2005, 2013 200,625 Portland Portland ME 56 Milliken 77,000 IN Warehouse/Distribution South Bend 4491 Mayflower Road South Bend 228,000 IN Warehouse/Distribution South Bend 4955 Ameritech Drive South Bend 198,000 IN Warehouse/Distribution South Bend 5855 Carbonmill Road South Bend 101,450 IN Warehouse/Distribution South Bend 5502 W. Brick Road South Bend 62,550 IN Warehouse/Distribution South Bend South Bend 5681 Cleveland Road 537,800 FL Jacksonville Center Point Business Park Jacksonville 426,916 FL Jacksonville Jacksonville Liberty Business Park Jacksonville Salisbury Business Park 168,800 FL Jacksonville Existing Portfolio – Industrial Properties -- Total/Weighted Average 11,977,273 _______________ (1) Renovation means significant upgrades, alterations or additions to building areas, interiors, exteriors and/or systems. (2) Annualized rent is calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month ended December 31, 2018 by Percent of Total Annualized Rent (3) 0.9% 1.3% 1.2% 1.9% 2.6% 1.7% 1.7% 0.8% 0.5% 0.9% 2.3% 6.2% 2.6% 4.4% 0.7% 0.0% 4.4% 0.4% 0.8% 2.0% 3.4% 0.5% 3.0% 4.5% 0.7% 1.1% 0.5% 1.8% 2.3% 0.5% 1.9% 1.7% 0.6% 0.4% 6.5% 7.9% 3.2% $ 46,901,288 100.0% $421,300 $ 631,231 $555,341 $889,001 $1,226,574 $803,847 $777,544 $382,765 $243,974 $422,654 $ 1,082,291 $ 2,925,836 $1,233,962 $2,041,533 $335,280 $- $ 2,055,795 $189,350 $369,966 $951,000 $ 1,581,976 $ 217,180 $1,404,480 $2,089,122 $328,316 $528,306 $229,500 $856,571 $ 1,082,123 $231,000 $888,000 $792,000 $304,350 $187,650 $ 3,032,654 $3,695,910 $ 1,478,101 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 93% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 96% 95% 100% 57% 100% 100% 100% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 94% 100% 100% 95% 2007 1988 1962, 2004 1979, 1993 1981, 2013 1985-1989 1986 1989 1972 1986 2000 2004 2002 1998 1994 1990-1997 1996-1999 2001-2012 Flex Space Flex Space Flex Space $4.23 $4.30 $3.75 $2.90 $4.07 $ 3.31 $3.75 $ 5.13 $3.49 $2.85 $3.02 $2.94 $4.83 $ 5.10 $2.77 $ - $3.90 $3.50 $4.79 $ 3.17 $2.94 $ 5.18 $2.20 $ 15.54 $2.49 $ 2.61 $3.92 $ 6.12 $5.39 $3.00 $3.89 $4.00 $3.00 $3.00 $ 6.01 $8.66 $8.75 $4.12 Flex Space (ii) 12. (3) Represents the percentage of total annualized rent for properties owned as of December 31, 2018. (4) Calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month ended December 31, 2018, by (ii) 12, and then dividing by leased square feet for such property as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, 48 of our 55 properties were encumbered by mortgage indebtedness totaling $293,108 and 7 of our 55 properties were encumbered by our line of credit agreement totaling $28,550 (excluding unamortized deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs). See Note 5 in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Functionality Diversification The following tables set forth information relating to functionality diversification by building type based on total square footage and annualized rent as of December 31, 2018. Property Type Warehouse/Distribution ........................ Warehouse/Light Manufacturing .......... Warehouse/Flex .................................... Light Manufacturing/Flex ..................... Total Company Portfolio.................... 30 14 6 5 55 Number of Properties Occupancy Total Rentable Square Feet 6,499,177 94.3% 3,527,363 97.8% 1,603,375 90.7% 100.0% 347,358 95.0% 11,977,273 Percentage of Rentable Square Feet 54.2% 29.5% 13.4% 2.9% 100.0% $ Annualized Base Rent 20,676,327 12,825,222 11,750,998 1,648,741 46,901,288 Percentage of Annualized Base Rent 44.1% 27.3% 25.1% 3.5% 100.0% $ Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot 3.37 3.72 8.08 4.75 4.12 5 Geographic Diversification The following tables set forth information relating to geographic diversification of the Company Portfolio by state based on total annualized rent as of December 31, 2018. State Illinois .................................................. Ohio ..................................................... Indiana ................................................. Tennessee ............................................. Florida ................................................. Georgia ................................................ Maine ................................................... New Jersey ........................................... Kentucky ............................................. Wisconsin ............................................ Total Company Portfolio ................... Industry Diversification Percentage of Rentable Number of Properties Occupancy Square Feet 30.8% 100.0% 29.9% 88.4% 10.6% 97.8% 10.1% 91.7% 9.5% 97.1% 4.4% 100.0% 1.7% 100.0% 1.3% 89.6% 1.2% 100.0% 100.0% 0.5% 95.0% 11,977,273 100.0% Total Rentable Square Feet 3,697,855 3,575,438 1,273,871 1,207,613 1,133,516 525,161 200,625 156,279 148,415 58,500 22 11 7 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 55 Annualized Base Rent 14,627,539 11,428,987 4,202,156 4,350,224 8,206,665 1,494,869 1,082,123 856,571 422,654 229,500 $ 46,901,288 Percentage of Annualized Base Rent 31.1% 24.4% 9.0% 9.3% 17.5% 3.2% 2.3% 1.8% 0.9% 0.5% 100.0% Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot $3.96 $3.62 $3.37 $3.93 $7.46 $2.85 $5.39 $6.12 $2.85 $3.92 $4.12 The following tables set forth information relating to tenant diversification of the Company Leased Portfolio by industry based on total square feet occupied and annualized rent as of December 31, 2018. Total Leased Square Feet Percentage of Rentable Square Feet Industry Aero Space .............................................................. Appliances ............................................................... Automotive .............................................................. Business Services .................................................... Cardboard and Packaging ........................................ Chemical .................................................................. Construction ............................................................ Distribution .............................................................. Education ................................................................. Electrical .................................................................. Entertainment .......................................................... Financial Services .................................................... Food & Beverage ..................................................... Garden Supply ......................................................... Healthcare ................................................................ Industrial Equipment Components .......................... Law Enforcement .................................................... Light Manufacturing ................................................ Logistics & Transportation ...................................... Metal Fabrication ..................................................... Oil & Gas ................................................................ Paper & Printing ...................................................... Photography ............................................................. Solar (1) .................................................................... Spiritual ................................................................... Storage (2) ................................................................. Technology & Electronics ....................................... Utility ...................................................................... Wholesale/Retail ...................................................... Total Company Portfolio ...................................... ______________ (1) - Represents non-square foot lease associated with solar panels (2) - Represents non-square foot lease associated with outdoor storage 280,370 155,703 1,041,611 191,867 73,500 177,843 492,985 127,070 60,895 15,000 145,620 71,927 104,504 511,601 421,076 1,650,217 12,686 1,213,024 1,986,146 118,440 22,502 730,355 39,950 1 57,877 1 887,388 4,000 790,092 11,384,251 2.5% 1.4% 9.1% 1.7% 0.6% 1.6% 4.3% 1.1% 0.5% 0.1% 1.3% 0.6% 0.9% 4.5% 3.7% 14.5% 0.1% 10.7% 17.4% 1.1% 0.2% 6.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 7.8% 0.0% 7.0% 100.0% Annualized Base Rent 1,323,116 695,992 3,484,643 1,632,056 229,500 856,020 2,178,197 1,125,682 721,261 95,958 876,876 291,580 734,639 1,168,480 1,325,062 6,437,970 130,032 5,055,897 8,467,291 372,096 135,012 1,833,728 267,665 25,978 335,453 94,090 4,421,227 36,071 2,549,716 $ 46,901,288 Percentage of Annualized Base Rent Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot 2.8% 1.5% 7.4% 3.5% 0.5% 1.8% 4.6% 2.4% 1.5% 0.2% 1.9% 0.6% 1.6% 2.5% 2.8% 13.7% 0.3% 10.8% 18.1% 0.8% 0.3% 3.9% 0.6% 0.1% 0.7% 0.2% 9.4% 0.1% 5.4% 100% $ 4.72 $ 4.47 $ 3.35 $ 8.51 $ 3.12 $ 4.81 $ 4.42 $ 8.86 $11.84 $ 6.40 $ 6.02 $ 4.05 $ 7.03 $ 2.28 $ 3.15 $ 3.90 $10.25 $ 4.17 $ 4.26 $ 3.14 $ 6.00 $ 2.51 $ 6.70 $ 25,978 $ 5.80 $ 94,090 $ 4.98 $ 9.02 $ 3.23 $ 4.12 6 Tenants The following table sets forth information about the ten largest tenants in our Company Leased Portfolio based on total annualized rent as of December 31, 2018. # of Leases 4 1 Total Leased Square Feet Expiration 667,000 3/2/2021 527,127 3/31/2021 3/31/2019, 10/31/2024 334,257 Percent of Total Annualized Rent 5.1% 4.4% Annualized Base Rent $ 2,403,000 $ 2,055,795 Annualized Base Rent/SF $ 3.60 $ 3.90 Tenant Corporate Services, Inc .................................. South Bend Logistics & Transportation Stonecrop Technologies, LLC ....................... Columbus Technology & Electronics Industry Market 2 First Logistics ................................................. Chicago Light Manufacturing Perseus Distribution - Ingram Publisher Services Inc .................................... Memphis Logistics & Transportation 1 Pactiv Corporation .......................................... Chicago 2 Nexus Distribution Corporation ..................... Chicago 2 Stamar Packaging, Inc .................................... Chicago Logistics & Transportation 1 Rostam Direct LLC d/b/a Gardens Alive ....... Cincinnati Garden Supply 1 NOVA Wildcat Amerock ............................... Chicago Wholesale/Retail 1 Volvo Group North America, Inc. ................. Columbus Automotive 1 16 4,462,511 Ten Largest Tenants by Annualized Rent ...... All Other ................................................................................................................................. 180 6,921,740 196 11,384,251 Total Company Portfolio ..................................................................................................... Paper & Printing Industrial Equipment Components 638,400 5/31/2020 355,436 6/30/2025 382,491 4/30/2021 247,000 4/30/2027 511,600 3/31/2023 499,20012/31/2018 300,00010/31/2019 $ 4.42 $ 1,478,066 3.2% $ 2.20 $ 3.75 $ 3.30 $ 4.95 $ 2.25 $ 2.13 $ 3.17 $ 3.21 $ 4.71 $ 4.12 $ 1,404,480 $ 1,332,885 $ 1,260,343 $ 1,221,909 $ 1,150,480 $ 1,060,800 $ 951,000 $ 14,318,758 $ 32,582,530 $ 46,901,288 3.0% 2.8% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 2.3% 2.0% 30.5% 69.5% 100.0% Lease Overview Triple-net lease. In our triple-net leases, the tenant is responsible for all aspects of and costs related to the property and its operation during the lease term. The landlord may have responsibility under the lease to perform or pay for certain capital repairs or replacements to the roof, structure or certain building systems, such as heating and air conditioning and fire suppression. The tenant may have the right to terminate the lease or abate rent due to a major casualty or condemnation affecting a significant portion of the property or due to the landlord’s failure to perform its obligations under the lease. As of December 31, 2018, there were 148 triple-net leases in the Company Portfolio, representing approximately 69.8% of our total annualized base rent. Modified triple-net lease. In our modified triple-net leases, the landlord is responsible for some property related expenses during the lease term, but the cost of most of the expenses is passed through to the tenant. The tenant may have the right to terminate the lease or abate rent due to a major casualty or condemnation affecting a significant portion of the property or due to the landlord’s failure to perform its obligations under the lease. As of December 31, 2018, there were 9 modified triple-net leases in the Company Portfolio, representing approximately 6.4% of our total annualized base rent. Gross lease. In our gross leases, the landlord is responsible for all aspects of and costs related to the property and its operation during the lease term. The tenant may have the right to terminate the lease or abate rent due to a major casualty or condemnation affecting a significant portion of the property or due to the landlord’s failure to perform its obligations under the lease. As of December 31, 2018, there were 41 gross leases in the Company Portfolio, representing approximately 23.8% of the annualized base rent. Lease Expirations As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average in-place remaining lease term of the Company Portfolio was 3.2 years. The following table sets forth a summary schedule of lease expirations for leases in place as of December 31, 2018, plus available space, for each of the ten full calendar years commencing December 31, 2018 and thereafter. The information set forth in the table assumes that tenants exercise no renewal options and no early termination rights. Annualized Base Rent(1) Total Rentable Square Feet Year of Expiration Available .............................................................................. 2019 ...................................................................................... 2020 ...................................................................................... 2021 ...................................................................................... 2022 ...................................................................................... 2023 ...................................................................................... 2024 ...................................................................................... 2025 ...................................................................................... 2026 ...................................................................................... 2027 ...................................................................................... 2028 ...................................................................................... Thereafter ............................................................................. Total Company Portfolio.................................................... ____________________ (1) Calculated as monthly contracted base rent per the terms of such lease, as of December 31, 2018, multiplied by 12. Excludes billboard and antenna revenue 0 5,029,667 7,600,644 12,702,293 5,497,505 4,171,985 3,565,523 3,483,533 1,425,962 1,917,592 928,716 577,868 46,901,288 593,022 1,193,336 1,931,510 3,031,441 1,117,343 1,140,818 1,030,823 807,749 418,060 482,807 95,949 134,415 11,977,273 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Percentage of Annualized Base Rent(2) $ 0% $ 11% $ 16% $ 27% $ 12% $ 9% $ 8% $ 7% $ 3% $ 4% $ 2% $ 1% $ 100% Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot(3) 0 4.21 3.94 4.19 4.92 3.66 3.46 4.31 3.41 3.97 9.68 4.30 4.12 Percentage of Rentable Square Feet 5% 10% 16% 25% 9% 10% 9% 7% 3% 4% 1% 1% 100% and rent abatements. Annualized base rent includes rent from triple net leases, modified triple-net leases and gross leases. 7 (2) Calculated as annualized base rent set forth in this table divided by total annualized base rent for the Company Portfolio as of December 31, 2018. (3) Calculated as annualized base rent for such leases divided by leased square feet for such leases at each of the properties so impacted by the lease expirations as of December 31, 2018. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In the normal course of business, we could become party to legal actions and proceedings involving matters that are generally incidental to our business. While it will likely not be possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, management expects that the resolution of any such legal actions and proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. There are no legal proceedings at this time. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 8 PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Stockholder Information As of March 1, 2019, we had 4,851,068 shares of common stock outstanding held of record by a total of approximately 121 stockholders; however, because many shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we believe there are substantially more beneficial holders of our common stock than record holders. The number of stockholders is based on the records of Continental Stock Transfer & Trust, which serves as our transfer agent. Market Information Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “PLYM.” On December 31, 2018, the closing price of our common stock, as reported on the NYSE American, was $12.61. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices of our common stock during 2018 and the dividends paid by us and the annualized dividend per share with respect to those periods. High Low Cash Dividends Declared per Share (1) Annualized Dividend Per Share 2018 First quarter ............................................................................................... $ Second quarter ......................................................................................... $ Third quarter ............................................................................................. $ Fourth quarter ........................................................................................... $ 18.96 $ 18.27 $ 16.50 $ 15.86 $ 16.21 $ 15.09 $ 14.37 $ 10.95 $ 0.3750 (2) $ 0.3750 (3) $ 0.3750 (4) $ 0.3750 (5) $ 2017 Second quarter (commencing June 14, 2017 to June 30, 2017) (6) ................................................................................. $ Third quarter ............................................................................................. $ Fourth quarter ........................................................................................... $ 19.00 $ 19.00 $ 18.98 $ 17.70 $ 16.50 $ 17.22 $ 0.0650 (7) $ 0.3750 (8) $ 0.3750 (9) $ 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 _________________ (1) Dividend information is for dividends declared with respect to that quarter. (2) On April 30, 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 to stockholders of record on March 30, 2018. (3) On July 31, 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 to stockholders of record on June 29, 2018. (4) On October 31, 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 to stockholders of record on September 28, 2018. (5) On January 31, 2019, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 to stockholders of record on December 28, 2018. (6) We completed our initial listed public offering of shares of our common stock on June 14, 2017. (7) On July 31, 2017, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.0650 per share for the period beginning June 14, 2017 and ended June 30, 2017 to stockholders of record on July 7, 2017. (8) On October 31, 2017, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 to stockholders of record on September 30, 2017. (9) On January 31, 2018, the Company paid a cash dividend in the amount of $0.3750 per share for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 to stockholders of record on December 29, 2017. Distribution Policy It is our policy to declare quarterly dividends to the stockholders so as to comply with applicable provisions of the Code governing REITs. The declaration and payment of quarterly dividends remains subject to the review and approval of the board of directors. To satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT, and to avoid paying tax on our income, we have paid and intend to continue to pay regular quarterly cash dividends of all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to holders of our common stock. We intend to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments as described below) to our stockholders in order to qualify as a REIT under the Code and generally expect to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income so as to avoid the excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. Distributions to our common stockholders are authorized by our board of directors in its sole discretion and declared by us out of funds legally available therefor. We expect that our board of directors, in authorizing the amounts of distributions, will consider a variety of factors, including: • • • actual results of operations and our cash available for distribution; the timing of the investment of the net proceeds from our offerings; debt service requirements and any restrictive covenants in our loan agreements; 9 • • • • • • capital expenditure requirements for our properties; our taxable income; the annual distribution requirement under the REIT provisions of the Code; our operating expenses; requirements under applicable law; and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. We anticipate that at least initially, our distributions will exceed our then current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes primarily due to depreciation and amortization that we expect to incur. Therefore, a portion of these distributions may represent a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and not treated by us as a distribution will not be taxable to a taxable U.S. stockholder under current U.S. federal income tax law to the extent those distributions do not exceed the stockholder's adjusted tax basis in his or her shares of common stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of the shares of common stock. Therefore, the gain (or loss) recognized on the sale of the common stock or upon our liquidation will be increased (or decreased) accordingly. To the extent those distributions exceed a taxable U.S. stockholder's adjusted tax basis in his or our shares of common stock, they generally will be treated as a capital gain realized form the taxable disposition of those shares. The percentage of our stockholder distributions that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits may vary substantially from year to year. Although we have no current intention to do so, we may in the future also choose to pay distributions in the form of our own shares. We maintain the Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. 2014 Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”), as discussed in more detail in Note 9 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2018, the total shares issued under the Plan were as follows: # of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights # of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders ......... Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders .. ___________________ (1) Consists of restricted stock awards granted to executive officers and certain employees. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities 124,051(1) n/a n/a n/a 207,922 n/a On December 14, 2018, we issued 4,411,764 shares of our Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) to MIRELF VI Pilgrim, LLC, an affiliate of Madison International Realty Holdings, LLC (the “Investor”), at a purchase of $17.00 per share for an aggregate consideration of $75.0 million. We issued these shares of preferred stock in a private transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation 506 promulgated thereunder. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the Investor from and after January 1, 2022. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2022, if the 20-day volume weighted average price per share is equal to or exceeds $26.35 (subject to adjustment), we have the right to convert each share of Series B Preferred Stock, and following December 31, 2024, the Series B Preferred Stock is, subject to availability of funds, automatically converted. Any conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock may be settled by us, at our option, in shares of our common stock, cash or any combination thereof. However, unless and until our stockholders have approved the issuance of greater than 19.99% of our outstanding common stock, as required by the NYSE American rules and regulations (“Stockholder Approval”), the Series B Preferred Stock may not be converted into more than 19.99% of our outstanding common stock as of the date of the closing. In addition, we cannot opt to convert the Series B Preferred Stock into more than 9.9% of our outstanding common stock without approval of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock. The initial conversion rate is one share of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of common stock, subject to proportionate adjustments for certain transactions affecting our securities (such as stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and other corporate reorganization events), provided that the value of the common stock, determined in accordance with terms of the articles supplementary is equal to or greater that the liquidation preference of the Series B Preferred Stock. To the extent we opt to settle the conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock in cash, (1) until such time as the maximum number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock have been converted such that, if all such shares had been converted into common stock, Stockholder Approval would be necessary to convert additional shares into common stock, we will pay cash equal to the greater of the liquidation preference or the 20-day volume weighted average price per share, and (2) following such time, we will pay cash equal to the liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock. 10 Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock have the right to require the Company to redeem for cash, their shares of Series B Preferred Stock in the event of a change in control of the Company or a delisting of the Company’s shares. Since this contingent redemption right is outside of the control of the Company, the Company has presented its Series B Preferred Stock as temporary equity. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities None. Item 6. Selected Financial Data Selected financial data has been omitted as permitted under rules applicable to smaller reporting companies. Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with our audited historical financial statements and related notes thereto as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Overview We are a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT focused on the acquisition, ownership and management of single- and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties. The Company Portfolio consists of 55 industrial properties located in ten states with an aggregate of approximately 12 million rentable square feet leased to 182 different tenants. Our strategy is to invest in single- and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties located primarily in secondary markets across the U.S.; however, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties located in primary markets. We seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation. Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations Business and Strategy Our core investment strategy is to acquire primarily Class B industrial properties predominantly in secondary markets across the U.S. We expect to acquire these properties through third-party purchases and structured sale-leasebacks where we believe we can achieve high initial yields and strong ongoing cash-on-cash returns. In addition, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties in primary markets that offer similar return characteristics. Our target markets are comprised primarily of secondary markets because we believe these markets tend to have less occupancy and rental rate volatility and less buyer competition relative to primary markets. We also believe that the systematic aggregation of such properties will result in a diversified portfolio that will produce sustainable risk-adjusted returns. Future results of operations may be affected, either positively or negatively, by our ability to effectively execute this strategy. We also intend to pursue joint venture arrangements with institutional partners which could provide management fee income as well as residual profit-sharing income. Such joint ventures may involve investing in industrial assets that would be characterized as opportunistic or value-add investments. These may involve development or re-development strategies that may require significant up-front capital expenditures, lengthy lease-up periods and result in inconsistent cash flows. As such, these properties’ risk profiles and return metrics would likely differ from the non-joint venture properties that we target for acquisition. Rental Revenue and Tenant Recoveries We receive income primarily from rental revenue and tenant recoveries from our properties. The amount of rental revenue generated by the Company Portfolio depends principally on the occupancy levels and lease rates at our properties, our ability to lease currently available space and space that becomes available as a result of lease expirations and on the rental rates at our properties. As of December 31, 2018, the Company Portfolio was approximately 95% occupied. Our occupancy rate is impacted by general market conditions in the geographic areas which our properties are located and the financial condition of tenants in our target markets. Scheduled Lease Expirations Our ability to re-lease space subject to expiring leases will impact our results of operations and will be affected by economic and competitive conditions in the markets in which we operate and by the desirability of our individual properties. During the period from January 1, 2019 through to December 31, 2020, an aggregate of 26.9% of the annualized base rent leases in the Company Portfolio are scheduled to expire, which we believe will provide us an opportunity to adjust below market rates as market conditions continue to improve. During 2017 and 2018, leases for space totaling 1,995,389 square feet (16.7% of the Company Portfolio) either was subject to renewal or expired. Approximately 41.4% of the expired space was renewed and an additional 1,013,475 square feet (including 11 a net 207,114 square feet of previously vacant space) was leased long term with new tenants. As of December 31, 2018, the vacancy rate of the Company Portfolio was 5.0%. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, we negotiated 29 leases with durations in excess of six months encompassing 1,730,221 square feet and negotiated 5 leases with a duration of less than 6 months encompassing 121,735 square feet. Renewed leases made up 41.4% of the square footage covered by the 29 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the renewed leases decreased an average of -1.7% over the prior leases. Leases to new tenants comprised the other 58.6% of the square footage covered by the 29 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the new leases increased an average of 17.0% over the prior leases. The rental rates under the 29 leases in excess of 6 months entered into during 2017 and 2018, increased by an average of 6.5% over the rates of the prior leases. The table below reflects certain data about our new and renewed leases with terms of greater than six months executed in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018. Year Type Square Footage % of Total Square Footage Expiring Rent New Rent % Change Tenant Improvements $/SF/YR Lease Commissions $/SF/YR 2017 2018 Renewals ................................ 234,679 New Leases ............................. 44,268 Total ....................................... 278,947 84.1% $ 15.9% $ 100.0% $ 4.25 $ 4.51 2.16 $ 3.00 3.92 $ 4.27 6.2% $ 38.7% $ 9.1% $ Renewals ................................ 482,067 New Leases ............................. 969,207 Total ....................................... 1,451,274 33.2% $ 66.8% $ 100.0% $ 5.84 $ 5.57 2.85 $ 3.31 3.84 $ 4.06 -4.6% $ 16.1% $ 5.7% $ Total Renewals ................................ 716,746 New Leases ............................. 1,013,475 Total ....................................... 1,730,221 41.4% $ 58.6% $ 100.0% $ 5.32 $ 5.23 2.82 $ 3.30 3.85 $ 4.10 -1.7% $ 17.0% $ 6.5% $ 0.07 $ 0.41 $ 0.13 $ 0.24 $ 0.39 $ 0.34 $ 0.18 $ 0.39 $ 0.30 $ 0.13 0.27 0.15 0.13 0.21 0.18 0.13 0.22 0.18 Conditions in Our Markets The Company Portfolio is located primarily in various secondary markets in the eastern half of the U.S. Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters in these markets are likely to affect our overall performance. Rental Expenses Our rental expenses generally consist of utilities, real estate taxes, insurance and site repair and maintenance costs. For the majority of the Company Portfolio, rental expenses are controlled, in part, by either the triple net provisions or modified gross lease expense reimbursement provisions in tenant leases. However, the terms of our tenant leases vary and in some instances the leases may provide that we are responsible for certain rental expenses. Accordingly, our overall financial results will be impacted by the extent to which we are able to pass-through rental expenses to our tenants. General and Administrative Expenses We expect to incur increased general and administrative expenses, including legal, accounting and other expenses related to corporate governance and public reporting and compliance. In addition, we anticipate that our staffing levels will increase slightly from fifteen employees as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K to between 16 and 18 employees during the 12 to 24 months following December 31, 2018 and, as a result, our general and administrative expenses will increase further. Critical Accounting Policies Our discussion and analysis of our company’s historical financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses in the reporting period. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates and assumptions. We believe our most critical accounting policies are the regular evaluation of whether the value of a real estate asset has been impaired and accounting for acquisitions. Each of these items involves estimates that require management to make judgments that are subjective in nature. We collect historical data and current market data, and based on our experience we analyze these assumptions in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. Under different conditions or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported related to the accounting policies described below. In addition, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgments on the use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. 12 Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets or business acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrant liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Cash We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. As of December 31, 2018, we had not realized any losses in such cash accounts and believe that we are not exposed to any significant risk of loss. Income Taxes We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2012 and we believe that our organization and method of operation enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. We had no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT in any tax year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost, unless we are able to obtain relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Investments in Real Estate We generally acquire individual properties, and, in some instances, a portfolio of properties. When we acquire individual operating properties with the intention to hold the investment for the long-term, we allocate the purchase price to the various components of the acquisition based upon the fair value of each component. The components typically include land, building, debt, intangible assets related to above and below market leases, value of costs to obtain tenants, and other assumed assets and liabilities. We consider Level 3 inputs such as the replacement cost of such assets, appraisals, property condition reports, comparable market rental data and other related information in determining the fair value of the tangible assets. The recorded fair value of intangible lease assets or liabilities includes Level 3 inputs including the value associated with leasing commissions, legal and other costs, as well as the estimated period necessary to lease such property and lease commencement. An intangible asset or liability resulting from in-place leases that are above or below the market rental rates are valued based upon our estimates of prevailing market rates for similar leases. Intangible lease assets or liabilities are amortized over the estimated, reasonably assured lease term of the remaining in-place leases as an adjustment to “Rental revenues” or “Real estate related depreciation and amortization” depending on the nature of the intangible. The valuation of assumed liabilities is based on our estimate of the current market rates for similar liabilities in effect at the acquisition date. In an acquisition of multiple properties, we must also allocate the purchase price among the properties. The allocation of the purchase price is based on our assessment of estimated fair value and often is based upon the expected future cash flows of the property and various characteristics of the markets where the property is located. The fair value may also include an enterprise value premium that we estimate a third party would be willing to pay for a portfolio of properties. The initial allocation of the purchase price is based on management’s preliminary assessment, which may differ when final information becomes available. Capitalization of Costs and Depreciation and Amortization We capitalize costs incurred in developing, renovating, rehabilitating and improving real estate assets as part of the investment basis. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred. During the land development and construction periods, we capitalize interest costs, insurance, real estate taxes and certain general and administrative costs of the personnel performing development, renovations and rehabilitation if such costs are incremental and identifiable to a specific activity to get the asset ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are included in the investment basis of real estate assets. We also capitalize costs incurred to successfully originate a lease that result directly from, and are essential to, the acquisition of that lease. Leasing costs that meet the requirements for capitalization are presented as a component of other assets. Upon our adoption of ASU 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business, all acquisitions made subsequent to June 30, 2017 will generally be accounted for as asset acquisitions. As such all acquisition costs 13 incurred as part of the purchase of real estate property acquisitions will be capitalized. Acquisition costs incurred as part of our real estate property prior to July 1, 2017 were expensed as acquisition costs. Real estate, including land, building and land improvements, tenant improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment, leasing costs and intangible lease assets and liabilities are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless circumstances indicate that the cost cannot be recovered, in which case, the carrying value of the property is reduced to estimated fair value as discussed below in our policy with regards to impairment of long-lived assets. We estimate the depreciable portion of our real estate assets and related useful lives in order to record depreciation expense. Our ability to estimate the depreciable portions of our real estate assets and useful lives is critical to the determination of the appropriate amount of depreciation and amortization expense recorded and the carrying value of the underlying assets. Any change to the assets to be depreciated and the estimated depreciable lives of these assets would have an impact on the depreciation expense recognized. As discussed above in investments in real estate, in connection with property acquisitions, we may acquire leases with rental rates above or below the market rental rates. Such differences are recorded as an intangible lease asset or liability and amortized to “Rental revenues” over the reasonably assured term of the related leases. The unamortized balances of these assets and liabilities associated with the early termination of leases are fully amortized to their respective revenue line items in our consolidated financial statements over the shorter of the expected life of such assets and liabilities or the remaining lease term. Our estimate of the useful life of our assets is evaluated upon acquisition and when circumstances indicate a change in the useful life, which requires significant judgment regarding the economic obsolescence of tangible and intangible assets. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We assess the carrying values of our respective long-lived assets, including goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of real estate assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. In order to review our real estate assets for recoverability, we consider current market conditions, as well as our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. Our intent with regard to the underlying assets might change as market conditions change, as well as other factors, especially in the current global economic environment. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, applying a capitalization rate to estimated net operating income of a property and quoted market values and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. The use of projected future cash flows is based on assumptions that are consistent with our estimates of future expectations and the strategic plan we use to manage our underlying business. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the real estate asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the current estimated fair value of the real estate property. Assumptions and estimates used in the recoverability analyses for future cash flows, discount rates and capitalization rates are complex and subjective. Changes in economic and operating conditions or our intent with regard to our investment that occurs subsequent to our impairment analyses could impact these assumptions and result in future impairment of our real estate properties. Valuation of Receivables We are subject to tenant defaults and bankruptcies that could affect the collection of outstanding receivables. In order to mitigate these risks, we perform credit reviews and analyses on prospective tenants before significant leases are executed and on existing tenants before properties are acquired. We specifically analyze aged receivables, customer credit-worthiness, historical bad debts and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. As a result of our periodic analysis, we maintain an allowance for estimated losses that may result from the inability of our tenants to make required payments. This estimate requires significant judgment related to the lessees’ ability to fulfill their obligations under the leases. If a tenant is insolvent or files for bankruptcy protection and fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods equal to the net outstanding balances, which include amounts recognized as straight-line revenue not realizable until future periods. Consolidation We consolidate all entities that are wholly owned and those in which we own less than 100% but control, as well as any variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. We evaluate our ability to control an entity and whether the entity is a variable interest entity and we are the primary beneficiary through consideration of the substantive terms of the arrangement to identify which enterprise has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impacts the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity. Investments in entities in which we do not control but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are presented under the equity method. Investments in entities that we do not control and over which we do not exercise significant influence are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, as appropriate. Our ability to correctly assess our influence and/or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in our consolidated financial statements. 14 Results of Operations (dollars in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 We define same store portfolio as a subset of our consolidated portfolio and includes properties that were wholly-owned by us for the entire period presented. We define acquisitions/dispositions as any properties that were acquired or sold during the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018. Same Store Portfolio Acquisitions/Dispositions Total Portfolio Year ended December 31, 2017 2018 Change $ % Year ended December 31, 2017 2018 Change $ % Year ended December 31, 2017 2018 Change $ % Revenue: Rental revenue .......................... 13,502 14,566 (1,064) -7.3% 23,130 6,558 5,493 Tenant recoveries ...................... (966) -4.8% 29,688 5,395 Total operating revenues ....... 18,995 19,961 98 1.8% 3,806 19,324 508% 36,632 18,372 18,260 99.4% 5,608 87.0% 1,048 5,510 526% 12,051 4,854 24,834 512% 48,683 24,815 23,868 96.2% 6,443 6,690 6,603 87 1.3% 10,759 Property expenses...................... Depreciation and amortization .. General and administrative ........ Acquisition costs ....................... Total operating expenses ........... Other operating revenue ............... Operating loss ............................... Other income (expense): Interest expense ......................... Loss on extinguishment of debt . Gain on sale of Real Estate ....... Gain on disposition of equity investment .............................. Total other income (expense) ....... Net loss ......................................... 1,602 9,157 572% 17,449 8,205 9,244 112.7% 26,788 13,998 12,790 91.4% 843 16.2% 5,189 -100% 103 50,269 27,495 22,774 82.8% 6,032 — (103) 534 3 531 17700% (1,052) (2,677) 1,625 -60.7% (15,734) (11,581) — (5,393) — 1,004 (4,153) 35.9% — (5,393) — 1,004 231 — (20,123) (11,350) (231) -100% (8,773) 77.3% (21,175) (14,027) (7,148) 51.0% Rental revenue: Rental revenue increased by approximately $18,260 to $36,632 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $18,372 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily related to rental revenue from the acquired properties from the date of acquisition in 2018 of $19,324 offset by a decrease of $1,064 from same store properties primarily driven by vacancies within the same store portfolio. Tenant recoveries: Tenant recoveries increased by approximately $5,608 to $12,051 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $6,443 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily related to tenant recoveries from the acquisitions made during 2018 of $5,510 and an increase in tenant recoveries of $98 from same store properties for the year ended December 31, 2018. Property expenses: Property expenses increased $9,244 for the year ended December 31, 2018 to $17,449 as compared to $8,205 for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily for expenses related to the new property acquisitions of $9,157. Property expenses for the same store properties increased approximately $87 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $12,790 to approximately $26,788 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $13,998 for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to depreciation and amortization on the new property acquisitions of $13,534 offset by lower depreciation and amortization expense for the same store properties of $744. General and administrative: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $843 to $6,032 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $5,189 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is attributable primarily to an increase in salaries and benefits of $912 due to higher head count, increased occupancy costs due to our headquarters expansion of $176 and increased insurance costs of $92, partially offset by a decrease in professional fees of $461 due to lower non- capitalizable transaction legal and other professional costs. Acquisition expenses: Acquisition costs decreased $103 to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $103 for the year ended December 31, 2017. Acquisition expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 included costs for acquisitions we decided not to pursue. Other operating revenue: Other revenue represents interest income and other items not directly related to the operations of our portfolio. The increase in other revenue by $531 to $534 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $3 for the year ended December 31, 2017, was due to a non-recurring fee for services provided by the Company for a joint venture that did not materialize. 15 Interest expense: Interest expense increased by approximately $4,153 to $15,734 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $11,581 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was due to increased debt resulting from acquisitions, offset by decreases as a result of the refinancing of the Company’s debt throughout 2018. The schedule below is a comparative analysis of the components of interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. For more information about our 2018 financing transactions, see Note 5 to our consolidated audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included elsewhere in this annual report. (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 Accrued interest ............................................................................................................................................. $ Accretion of financing fees .......................................................................................................................... Total accretion of interest and deferred interest ....................................................................................... Cash interest paid .......................................................................................................................................... Total interest expense ................................................................................................................................... $ 656 $ 1,482 2,138 13,596 15,734 $ 1,531 868 2,399 9,182 11,581 Loss on extinguishment of debt: Loss on extinguishment of debt of $5,393 in 2018 was due to the early repayment of the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan, MWG Loan, KeyBank Term Loan and partial repayment of the Transamerica Loan. Gain on sale of real estate: Gain on sale of real estate of $1,004 represents the gain realized on the sale of real estate in 2018. There were no sales of real estate in 2017. Gain on disposition of equity investment: Gain on disposition of equity investment represents amounts received in excess of our basis for an equity investment in real estate liquidated in 2016. In 2017, we recognized gain of $231 which represented the final settlement of the joint venture. Non-GAAP Financial Measures In this annual report on Form 10-K, we disclose NOI, EBITDA, FFO and AFFO, each of which meet the definition of “non- GAAP financial measure” set forth in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. As a result, we are required to include in this report a statement of why management believes that presentation of these measures provides useful information to investors. None of NOI, EBITDA, FFO or AFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance, and we believe that to understand our performance further NOI, EBITDA, FFO, and AFFO should be compared with our reported net income or net loss and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our consolidated financial statements. NOI We consider net operating income, or NOI, to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it helps both investors and management understand the core operations of our properties. We define NOI as total revenue (including rental revenue, tenant reimbursements, management, leasing and development services revenue and other income) less property-level operating expenses including allocated overhead. NOI excludes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, impairments, gain/loss on sale of real estate, interest expense, and other non-operating items. The following is a reconciliation from historical reported net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to NOI: (In thousands) NOI: Net loss ..................................................................................................................................................... $ General and administrative .................................................................................................................... Acquisition costs ..................................................................................................................................... Depreciation and amortization .............................................................................................................. Interest expense ....................................................................................................................................... Loss on debt extinguishment ................................................................................................................. Gain on sale of Real Estate .................................................................................................................... Other expense (income) .......................................................................................................................... NOI ........................................................................................................................................................... $ EBITDA Year Ended December 31, Historical Consolidated 2018 2017 (21,175) $ 6,032 — 26,788 15,734 5,393 (1,004) (534) 31,234 $ (14,027) 5,189 103 13,998 11,581 — — (234) 16,610 We believe that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of our operating performance as a real estate company because it is a direct measure of the actual operating 16 results of our industrial properties. We also use this measure in ratios to compare our performance to that of our industry peers. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to EBITDA for the periods presented. (In thousands) EBITDA: Net loss ..................................................................................................................................................... $ Depreciation and amortization.............................................................................................................. Interest expense ...................................................................................................................................... Loss on debt extinguishment ................................................................................................................ Gain on sale of Real Estate ................................................................................................................... EBITDA .................................................................................................................................................. $ FFO Year Ended December 31, Historical Consolidated 2018 2017 (21,175) $ 26,788 15,734 5,393 (1,004) 25,736 $ (14,027) 13,998 11,581 — — 11,552 Funds from operations, or FFO, is a non-GAAP financial measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. We define FFO, consistent with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, definition, as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: gains (or losses) from sales of property, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, impairment losses, losses on extinguishment of debt and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. Other equity REITs may not calculate FFO (in accordance with the NAREIT definition) as we do, and, accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ FFO. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends. FFO attributable to common stockholders and unitholders represents FFO reduced by dividends paid (or declared) to holders of our preferred stock. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders for the periods presented: (In thousands) FFO: Net loss ..................................................................................................................................................... $ Depreciation and amortization.............................................................................................................. Loss on debt extinguishment ................................................................................................................ Gain on sale of Real Estate ................................................................................................................... Gain on disposition of equity investment ............................................................................................. FFO .......................................................................................................................................................... $ Preferred stock dividends ...................................................................................................................... FFO available to common stockholders and unit holders ................................................................ $ AFFO Year Ended December 31, Historical Consolidated 2018 2017 (21,175) $ 26,788 5,393 (1,004) — 10,002 $ (3,940) 6,062 $ (14,027) 13,998 — — (231) (260) (723) (983) Adjusted funds from operation, or AFFO, is presented in addition to FFO. AFFO is defined as FFO, excluding certain non- cash operating revenues and expenses, acquisition and transaction related costs for transactions not completed and recurring capitalized expenditures. Recurring capitalized expenditures includes expenditures required to maintain and re-tenant our properties, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. AFFO further adjusts FFO for certain other non-cash items, including the amortization or accretion of above or below market rents included in revenues, straight line rent adjustments, impairment losses, non-cash equity compensation and non-cash interest expense. We believe AFFO provides a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance because it provides a consistent comparison of our operating performance across time periods that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of our properties. As a result, we believe that the use of AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance. As with FFO, our reported AFFO may not be comparable to other REITs’ AFFO, should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of our funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends. 17 The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders to AFFO. (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, Historical Consolidated 2018 2017 FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders ............................................................. $ Deferred finance fee amortization ........................................................................................................ Non-cash interest expense ...................................................................................................................... Acquisition costs ..................................................................................................................................... Stock compensation ................................................................................................................................ Straight line rent ...................................................................................................................................... Above/below market lease rents ........................................................................................................... Recurring capital expenditures (1) ........................................................................................................ AFFO......................................................................................................................................................... $ _______________ (1) Excludes non-recurring capital expenditures of $2,601 and $1,272 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 6,062 $ 1,482 656 — 805 (996) (1,304) (2,695) 4,010 $ (983) 868 1,531 103 435 (191) (423) (522) 818 Cash Flow A summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows: (In thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities ............................................................................................ $ Net cash used in investing activities ..................................................................................................... $ Net cash provided by financing activities ............................................................................................ $ Year Ended 2018 14,867 $ (141,923) $ 122,854 $ 2017 8,104 (171,844) 172,702 Operating activities: Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased approximately $6,763 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily due to an increase in operating cash flows from property acquisitions, accounts payable and accrued expenses and depreciation expense, partially offset by fluctuations within working capital due to the timing of payments and rent receipts. Investing activities: Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased approximately $29,921 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily due a decrease in cash paid for acquisitions in 2018 of $142,635 compared to $170,788 in 2017, offset by the sale of property in 2018 for $4,562 and increase in real estate improvements expenditure of $2,563. Financing activities: Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased approximately $49,848 to $122,854 for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $172,702 during the year ended December 31, 2017. Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 included net proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock of approximately $89,613 and net borrowings of $49,378, offset by cash used for dividends of $11,083 and the repurchase of common stock of $5,054. Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 included net proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock of approximately $101,490 and net borrowings of $98,549, offset by cash used for dividends of $1,755 and the redemption of the non-controlling interest of $25,582. Liquidity and Capital Resources We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investments. Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our properties, including: • • • • property expenses that are not borne by our tenants under our leases; interest expense on outstanding indebtedness; general and administrative expenses; and capital expenditures for tenant improvements and leasing commissions. In addition, we will require funds for future dividends required to be paid on our Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. We intend to satisfy our short-term liquidity requirements through our existing cash, cash flow from operating activities and the net proceeds of any potential future offerings. Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for acquisitions, recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures and scheduled debt maturities. We intend to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs through cash flow from operations, 18 long-term secured and unsecured borrowings, future issuances of equity and debt securities, property dispositions and joint venture transactions, and, in connection with acquisitions of additional properties, the issuance of OP units. Existing Indebtedness as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands) $120,000 AIG Loan Certain indirect subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have entered into a senior secured loan agreement with investment entities managed by AIG Asset Management (the “AIG Loan”). As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $120,000 of principal indebtedness outstanding under the AIG Loan. The AIG Loan bears interest at 4.08% per annum and has a seven-year term maturing in October, 2023. The AIG Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first three years of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 27-year amortization period. The borrowings under the AIG Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on the properties held by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements). The obligations under the AIG Loan are also guaranteed in certain circumstances by the Company and certain of the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. The AIG Loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on additional indebtedness, restrictions on liens, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments, change in nature of business, transactions with affiliates and burdensome agreements. The AIG Loan contains financial covenants that require minimum liquidity and Net Worth. The AIG Loan is subject to acceleration upon certain specified events of defaults, including breaches of representations or covenants, failure to pay other material indebtedness, failure to pay taxes or a change of control of our company, as defined in the senior secured loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. The Company has no right to prepay all or any part of the AIG Loan before November 1, 2019. Following that date, the AIG Loan can only be paid in full, and a prepayment penalty would be assessed, as defined in the agreement. The borrowings amounted to $117,263 and $116,700, net of $2,737 and $3,300 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Minnesota Life Loan On April 30, 2018, certain subsidiaries of our operating partnership entered into a secured loan agreement with Minnesota Life Insurance Company, or the Minnesota Life Loan, in the original principal amount of $21,500. The Minnesota Life Loan bears interest at 3.78% per annum and has a ten-year term, maturing on May 1, 2028. The Minnesota Life Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first year of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization period. The borrowings under the Minnesota Life Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on seven of the Company’s properties. The Minnesota Life Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions of assets and transactions with affiliates. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $21,133, net of $367 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018. Transamerica Loan On July 10, 2018, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “Transamerica Loan”) with Transamerica Life Insurance Company providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $78,000. The Transamerica Loan matures on August 1, 2028 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.35% per annum. The promissory notes (the “Notes”) evidencing the Transamerica Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through August 2019 and thereafter the Transamerica Loan requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The Borrowers may repay the Transamerica Loan at any time following the first twelve full calendar months of the Transamerica Loan’s term, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the prepayment amount and (b) the “Yield Protection Amount,” as defined in the Notes. The Transamerica Loan and the Notes contain customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy. Any default under the Transamerica Loan or any Note will constitute a default under each of the other Notes. Each Borrower has guaranteed the payment obligations of all the other Borrowers under the Notes. On December 19, 2018, the Company repaid $3,380 of the Transamerica Loan as part of the sale of 525 West Marquette, 1 of the 18 properties that serves as collateral for the Transamerica Loan. The Company recognized a $395 loss on extinguishment of debt at the time of the partial repayment. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $73,609, net of $1,011 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018. 19 Fisher Park Mortgage On October 15, 2018, the Operating Partnership (the “Borrower”) assumed a mortgage (the “Fisher Park Mortgage”) with a balance of $13,907 as part of our acquisition of the property in greater Cincinnati. The Fisher Park Mortgage, held by JP Morgan Chase Bank, matures on January 1, 2027, bears interest at 5.229% and is secured by the property. The Fisher Park Mortgage requires monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization. As part of the allocation of the Fisher Park purchase price per ASC 805, the Company recorded a $92 premium on the assumed debt value. The Fisher Park Mortgage contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $13,873 at December 31, 2018. KeyBank Bridge Loan On December 14, 2018, the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a loan agreement (the “KeyBank Bridge Loan”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”). The Key Bank Bridge Loan provides for a secured loan in the amount of $63,115. The KeyBank Bridge Loan bears interest at a rate per annum at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR plus 2%. At December 31, 2018 the interest rate was 4.44%. The KeyBank Bridge Loan matures on the earlier of March 14, 2019 or the date KeyBank ceases to serve as the administrative agent under the Company’s revolving credit facility; however, the Operating Partnership has the right to prepay the KeyBank Bridge Loan at any time without penalty. Borrowings under the KeyBank Bridge Loan are secured by the Jacksonville Property and are guaranteed by the Company and each subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that is the direct or indirect owner of any collateral for the KeyBank Bridge Loan. The KeyBank Bridge Loan contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates as outlined within the loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $63,115 at December 31, 2018. Line of Credit Agreement On August 11, 2017 the Company’s operating partnership entered into a secured line of credit agreement (Line of Credit Agreement) with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank and the other lenders, which matures in August 2020 with an optional extension through August 2021, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR, plus, in either case, a spread between 250 and 300 basis points depending on our total leverage ratio. At December 31, 2018 the interest rate was 5.4%. On March 8, 2018, the Company entered into an Increase Agreement to our Line of Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association to increase our revolving credit facility to $45,000. All other terms of the Line of Credit Agreement remained unchanged. The Line of Credit Agreement, consistent with the KeyBank Bridege Loan covenants, contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates as outlined within the Line of Credit Agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. The Line of Credit Agreement is secured by certain assets of the Company’s operating partnership and certain of its subsidiaries and includes a Company’s guarantee for the payment of all indebtedness under the Line of Credit Agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $28,187 and $20,837, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $363 and $488 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Contractual Obligations and Commitments The following table sets forth our principal obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2018: Future Minimum Rents ($ in thousands) Corporate Office 2019 ........................... $ 2020 ........................... $ 2021 ........................... $ 2022 ........................... $ 2023 ........................... $ Thereafter .................. $ 378 385 393 400 407 519 In addition to the contractual obligations set forth in the table above, we have entered into employment agreements with certain of our executive officers. As approved by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors the agreements provide 20 for base salaries ranging from $200 to $300 annually with discretionary cash performance awards. The agreements contain provisions for equity awards, general benefits, and termination and severance provisions, consistent with similar positions and companies. We also enter into contracts for maintenance and other services at certain properties from time to time. Redeemable Preferred Member Interests On October 17, 2016, and in connection with its refinancing of its Senior Loan with Torchlight, the Company issued Torchlight a 99.5% redeemable preferred member interest in 20 LLC in exchange for $30,553. The redeemable preferred member interest was redeemed in full as of June 14, 2017. The redemption resulted in elimination of the non-controlling interest and an adjustment to equity (deficit) in the amount of $56,795. An adjustment to the redemption price in the first quarter of 2017 was deemed a non-cash capital contribution in the amount of $1,019. The Company had classified this amount as a liability in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (ASC 480). Because the member interest was mandatorily redeemable, the Company concluded that the required redemption of that interest represented a continuing interest in the properties and therefore, the issuance of the redeemable preferred member interest represented a financing of 20 LLC and not a sale of the properties. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no off-balance sheet arrangements. Inflation The majority of our leases are either triple net or provide for tenant reimbursement for costs related to real estate taxes and operating expenses. In addition, most of the leases provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and tenant payment of taxes and expenses described above. We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our historical financial position or results of operations. Interest Rate Risk ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly known as SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities), requires us to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value and the changes in fair value must be reflected as income or expense. If the derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings. The Company uses an interest rate cap as a derivative instrument to manage interest rate risk and is recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. The interest rate cap is not designated as a hedging instrument and changes in fair value is mark to market through earnings. The input values used in the fair value measurement of the interest rate cap were obtained using quoted market prices for similar assets in markets that are not active and therefore are, classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate cap is estimated based on discounting future cash flows interest rates that management believes reflect the risks associated with debt instruments of similar risk and duration. The fair value of the interest rate cap agreement was $0 at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018 the one-month LIBOR was 2.52%. Related to this interest rate cap agreement, a 100 basis point increase above LIBOR being 4% will decrease our interest expense by approximately $798 per annum. As discussed in Note 5 of our consolidated financial statements, the MWG Loan Agreement was paid in full as of July 10, 2018. The key terms of the interest rate cap agreement with J.P. Morgan remained in place after the repayment of the MWG Loan Agreement and it continues to have a maturity date of December 1, 2019. No assurance can be given that any future hedging activities by us will have the desired beneficial effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Recently Issued Accounting Standards We have reviewed all recently issued standards and have determined that, other than as disclosed in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in this annual report on Form 10-K, such standards will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or do not otherwise apply to our operations. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk This disclosure has been omitted as permitted under rules applicable to smaller reporting companies. 21 ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The information with respect to this Item 8 is hereby incorporated by reference from our Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the forms and rules of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO, in a manner to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In connection with the preparation of this annual report on Form 10-K, our management, including the CEO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018. As a result of this review management has concluded that, following the documentation, implementation and testing of the control environment that as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. (b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The term “internal control over financial reporting” is defined as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the registrant’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the registrant’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the registrant; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the registrant are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the registrant; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the registrant’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. In addition, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time. Based on the results of Management’s review and evaluation of documentation and testing of processes and procedures performed during the year ended December 31, 2018, Management has concluded that such activities provide a reasonable basis to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018 per the criteria set forth in the 2013 framework issued by the COSO, and the material weakness identified within our 2017 annual report on Form 10-K has been remediated. (c) Remediation Within our 2017 annual report on Form 10-K, Management concluded that our internal controls and procedures were not effective during the period covered by the 2017 annual report on Form 10-K. The specific material weaknesses that management identified in our internal controls as of December 31, 2017 is as follows: • Due to limited accounting resources the Company has not fully documented procedures and risk assessment analysis or fully tested existing controls to meet the requirements of COSO’s 2013 framework. During the fourth quarter of 2017 the Company initiated a full review and evaluation of key processes and procedures. Based on the results of the review and evaluation, the Company initiated the following remediation procedures: 1. The Company hired an additional accounting reporting and compliance resource which improved our control environment by enhancing segregation of duties and creating additional capacity to allow for improved precision level of controls. The Company also engaged a professional accounting services firm to assist Management with the evaluation 22 of key processes, procedures, documentation and testing of internal controls over financial reporting. 2. The Company completed a review and documentation of key process and procedures that could be monitored and tested independently. With the assistance of the professional accounting services firm, the Company implemented a framework of internal controls over financial reporting to enable the identification and mitigation of a material misstatement. The Company completed a mapping of entity level controls to the 2013 COSO framework and implemented additional entity level controls to enhance the control environment. 3. The Company performed and completed testing of controls to meet the requirements of the 2013 COSO framework. The aforementioned remediation procedures were performed and tested throughout the year ended December 31, 2018. Based on the results of Managements review and evaluation of documentation and testing of processes and procedures performed during the year ended December 31, 2018, Management has concluded that such activities provide a reasonable basis to conclude that the material weakness identified within our 2017 annual report on Form 10-K has been remediated and that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the remediation efforts implemented as referenced above were completed. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 23 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Information with respect to this Item 10 is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement, which we intend to file on or before April 30, 2019, in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Information with respect to this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement, which we intend to file on or before April 30, 2019, in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS Information with respect to this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement, which we intend to file on or before April 30, 2019, in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE Information with respect to this Item 13 is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement, which we intend to file on or before April 30, 2019, in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND EXPENSES Information with respect to this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from our proxy statement, which we intend to file on or before April 30, 2019, in connection with our 2019 annual meeting of stockholders. 24 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Financial Statements PART IV See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth on page F-1 of this Form 10-K as filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (b) Financial Statement Schedule Financial Statement Schedule III as listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (c) Exhibits The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number 1.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 10.1 Description Distribution Agreement, dated August 24, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBank Capital Markets Inc. and National Securities Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on August 24, 2018) Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on September 11, 2014) Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-173048) filed on September 10, 2014) Articles of Amendment of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Amendment No. 8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-19748) filed on June 1, 2017) Articles Supplementary designating the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on October 23, 2017) Articles Supplementary designating the terms of the Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on December 17, 2018) Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Plymouth Industrial OP, LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on September 11, 2014) 10.2 Amended and Restated Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and Plymouth Industrial OP LP 2014 Incentive Award 10.3 Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on June 1, 2017)† Employment Agreement with Jeffrey E. Witherell, dated as of April 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on May 22, 2017)† 10.4 Employment Agreement with Pendleton P. White, Jr., dated as of April 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to 10.5 Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on May 22, 2017)† Employment Agreement with Daniel C. Wright, dated as of April 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on May 22, 2017)† 10.6 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and its directors and officers 10.7 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on May 22, 2017) Limited Liability Company Agreement of Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) 10.8 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (AGLIC), dated November 18, 2016, in the original principal amount of $66,240,000.00, made payable to the order of AGLIC, as Holder, by Borrowers, as Maker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) 25 Exhibit Number 10.9 Description Amended and Restated Promissory Note (AHAC), dated November 18, 2016, in the original principal amount of $21,900,000.00, made payable to the order of AHAC, as Holder, by Borrowers, as Maker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) 10.10 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (NUFIC), dated November 18, 2016, in the original principal amount of $21,900,000.00, made payable to the order of NUFIC, as Holder, by Borrowers, as Maker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) Amended and Restated Promissory Note (USLIC), dated November 18, 2016, in the original principal amount of $9,960,000.00, made payable to the order of USLIC, as Holder, by Borrowers, as Maker (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (file No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) Loan Agreement, dated October 17, 2016, by and among American General Life Insurance Company, American Home Assurance Company, National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA. and The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York, collectively as Lender, and the Borrowers named therein. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Amendment No. 6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-196798) filed on March 29, 2017) Warrant Agreement, dated as of June 8, 2017, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., DOF IV REIT Holdings, LLC and DOF IV Plymouth PM, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on June 23, 2017) Stockholders Agreement, dated as of June 8, 2017, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., DOF IV REIT Holdings, LLC and DOF IV Plymouth PM, LLC (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on June 23, 2017) Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2017, by and among Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, the Guarantors from time to time party thereto, KeyBank National Association and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on August 17, 2017) Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Plymouth Industrial OP LP designating the terms of the Series A Preferred Units (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on October 23, 2017). Increase Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, the Guarantors from time to time party thereto, KeyBank National Association and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on March 9, 2018) 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 Amended and Restated Promissory Note (KeyBank) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s 10.19 Current Report on Form 8-K (File No, 001-38106) filed on March 9, 2018) Amendment to Stockholders Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., DOF IV REIT Holdings, LLC and DOF IV Plymouth PM, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on April 4, 2018) 10.20 Loan Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2018, by and among Transamerica Life Insurance Company and the Borrowers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8- K (File No. 001-38106) filed on July 17, 2018) Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and the Sellers, as defined therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on November 27, 2018) Reinstatement and First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and the Sellers, as defined therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on November 27, 2018) Investment Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2018, by and between Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and MIRELF VI Pilgrim, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on November 27, 2018) Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, dated as of December 14, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on December 17, 2018) Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. and MIRELF VI Pilgrim, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on December 17, 2018 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 Credit Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2018, by and among Plymouth Industrial OP, LP, the Guarantors from time to time party thereto, KeyBank National Association and the other Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38106) filed on December 17, 2018 26 Exhibit Number 21.1 23.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Description List of Subsidiaries* Consent of Marcum LLP* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002* XBRL Instance* XBRL Schema* XBRL Calculation* XBRL Definition* XBRL Label* XBRL Presentation* 101.INS 101.XSD 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB 101.PRE ________________ * Filed herewith. † Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement. ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None 27 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. By: /s/ Jeffrey E. Witherell Name: Jeffrey E. Witherell Title: Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Jeffrey E. Witherell Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director March 7, 2019 Jeffrey E. Witherell (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Daniel C. Wright Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer March 7, 2019 (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Daniel C. Wright /s/ Pendleton P. White, Jr. Pendleton P. White, Jr. /s/ Martin Barber Martin Barber /s/ Philip S. Cottone Philip S. Cottone /s/ Richard DeAgazio Richard DeAgazio /s/ David G. Gaw David G. Gaw President, Chief Investment Officer and Director March 7, 2019 Director Director Director Director March 7, 2019 March 7, 2019 March 7, 2019 March 7, 2019 28 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ...................................................................................................... F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 ............................................................................................. F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 .................................................... F-4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Preferred Stock and Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 ................................................................................................................................................. F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 ................................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .............................................................................................................................. F-7 Financial Statement Schedule Schedule III. Real Estate Properties and Accumulated Depreciation ........................................................................................ F-28 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in preferred stock and equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(b) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Marcum LLP Marcum LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013. Boston, Massachusetts March 7, 2019 F-2 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Assets Real estate properties ................................................................................................................ $ Less Accumulated depreciation ............................................................................................. Real estate properties, net ...................................................................................................... 452,610 $ (41,279) 411,331 Cash .......................................................................................................................................... Cash held in escrow .................................................................................................................. Restricted cash .......................................................................................................................... Deferred lease intangibles, net .................................................................................................. Other assets ............................................................................................................................... Total assets .................................................................................................................................. $ 5,394 7,808 1,759 37,940 5,931 470,163 $ Liabilities, Preferred stock and Equity Liabilities: Secured mortgage debt, net ...................................................................................................... $ Mezzanine debt to investor, net ................................................................................................ Borrowings under line of credit, net ......................................................................................... Deferred interest ....................................................................................................................... Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities ........................................................ Deferred lease intangibles, net ................................................................................................. Total liabilities ............................................................................................................................. Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) 288,993 $ — 28,187 — 21,996 7,067 346,243 303,402 (25,013) 278,389 12,915 5,074 1,174 27,619 4,782 329,953 195,431 29,364 20,837 1,357 16,015 6,807 269,811 Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, Series A; 2,040,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (aggregate liquidation preference of $51,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017) ...................... Series B; 4,411,764 and no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively (aggregate liquidation preference of $75,425 at December 31, 2018) .................. 48,868 48,931 72,192 — Equity (deficit): Common stock, $0.01 par value: 900,000,000 shares authorized; 4,821,876 and 3,819,201 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively ......... Additional paid in capital ............................................................................................................. Accumulated deficit ..................................................................................................................... Total stockholders' (deficit) equity .............................................................................................. Non-controlling interest ............................................................................................................... Total equity .................................................................................................................................. Total liabilities, Preferred stock and equity ................................................................................. $ 49 126,327 (137,983) (11,607) 14,467 2,860 470,163 $ 39 123,270 (119,213) 4,096 7,115 11,211 329,953 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-3 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 Rental revenue ............................................................................................................................. $ Tenant recoveries ......................................................................................................................... Other revenue ............................................................................................................................... Total revenues .............................................................................................................................. 36,632 $ 12,051 534 49,217 Operating expenses: Property .................................................................................................................................... Depreciation and amortization ................................................................................................. General and administrative ...................................................................................................... Acquisition costs ...................................................................................................................... Total operating expenses .............................................................................................................. 17,449 26,788 6,032 — 50,269 18,372 6,443 3 24,818 8,205 13,998 5,189 103 27,495 Operating loss .............................................................................................................................. (1,052) (2,677) Other income (expense): Interest expense ........................................................................................................................ Loss on extinguishment of debt ............................................................................................... Gain on sale of real estate ........................................................................................................ Gain on disposition of equity investment ................................................................................. Total other expense, net ............................................................................................................... Net loss ........................................................................................................................................ Less: loss attributable to non-controlling interest ........................................................................ Net loss attributable to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. ............................................................... Less: Preferred stock dividends ................................................................................................... Less: Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value ..................................................... Less: amount allocated to participating securities ........................................................................ Net loss attributable to common stockholders ............................................................................. $ Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders .............................................................. $ (15,734) (5,393) 1,004 — (20,123) (21,175) (2,459) (18,716) 3,940 359 201 (23,216) $ (5.76) $ (11,581) — — 231 (11,350) (14,027) (5,320) (8,707) 723 — 128 (9,558) (4.45) Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted ............................................... 4,027,329 2,149,977 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-4 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY (DEFICIT) YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2018 (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Preferred Stock Series A $0.01 Par Value Preferred Stock Series B $0.01 Par Value Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Additional Paid in Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Accumulated Deficit Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) — $ — — $ — 331,965 $ 3 $ 12,477 $ (110,506) $ (98,026) $ Non- controlling Total Equity Interest (Deficit) 60,450 $ (37,576) Balance January 1, 2017 ............................ Non cash capital contribution by investor related to Redemption of redeemable preferred interest ..................................... Proceeds from sale of Series A Preferred stock, net of offering costs of $2,069 ..... Proceeds from sale of common stock, net 2,040,000 48,931 of $5,581 of offering costs ...................... Shares issued in private placement for redemption of redeemable preferred interest ..................................................... Warrants issued to acquire 250,000 shares at $23 per share ....................................... Restricted shares issued ............................. Stock based compensation ......................... Dividends and distributions Issuance of partnership units ..................... Net loss....................................................... Redemption of non-controlling interest related to redeemable preferred interest . — Balance January 1, 2018 ............................ 2,040,000 48,931 (63) — Series A Preferred stock offering costs ..... Proceeds from sale of Series B Preferred stock, net of offering costs of $3,167 ..... Series B Preferred stock accretion to redemption value ..................................... Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of $1,857 of offering costs ...................... Stock based compensation ......................... Repurchase and retirement of common — — — — — — — — — — 1,019 1,019 — — 3,060,000 31 52,528 — 52,559 — 52,559 263,158 3 4,997 — 5,000 — 5,000 — 164,078 — — — — — 2 — — — — (140) (2) 435 (3,820) — — — — — — — (8,707) (140) — 435 (3,820) — (8,707) — — — (246) 8,007 (5,320) (140) — 435 (4,066) 8,007 (14,027) — — — — — 3,819,201 — — 56,795 39 123,270 — — — (119,213) — 56,795 4,096 — (56,795) 7,115 — — 11,211 — 4,411,764 71,833 — — — — — — — 359 — — (359) 1,262,833 13 17,830 — — 805 — — — (359) — (359) 17,843 — 17,843 805 — 805 (263,158) (3) (4,997) (54) (5,054) — (5,054) stock ........................................................ Restricted shares issued ............................. Dividends and distributions ....................... Issuance of partnership units ..................... Net loss....................................................... 3,000 — — — Balance, December 31, 2018 ...................... 2,040,000 $ 48,868 4,411,764 $ 72,192 4,821,876 $ — — — (10,222) — — — — 49 $ 126,327 $ — — — (18,716) (137,983) $ — (10,222) — (18,716) (11,607) $ — (831) 10,642 (2,459) 14,467 $ — (11,053) 10,642 (21,175) 2,860 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-5 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Operating activities Net loss ........................................................................................................................................................ $ Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization ............................................................................................................... Straight line rent adjustment ................................................................................................................... Intangible amortization in rental revenue, net ........................................................................................ Loss on extinguishment of debt .............................................................................................................. Accretion of interest and deferred interest .............................................................................................. Change in fair value of warrant derivative ............................................................................................. Stock based compensation ...................................................................................................................... Gain on sale of investment in joint venture ............................................................................................ Gain on sale of real estate ....................................................................................................................... Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Other assets ........................................................................................................................................ Deferred leasing costs ........................................................................................................................ Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities .................................................................. Net cash provided by operating activities .................................................................................................... Investing activities Acquisition of real estate ........................................................................................................................ Proceeds from sale of real estate, net ..................................................................................................... Real estate improvements ....................................................................................................................... Proceeds from sale of joint ventures ....................................................................................................... Net cash used in investing activities ............................................................................................................ Financing activities Redemption of non-controlling interest .................................................................................................. Net proceeds from common stock .......................................................................................................... Net proceeds from preferred stock ......................................................................................................... Proceeds from issuance of secured debt ................................................................................................. Repayment of secured debt .................................................................................................................... Repayment of mezzanine debt ................................................................................................................ Proceeds from credit facility .................................................................................................................. Repayment of credit facility ................................................................................................................... Debt issuance costs ................................................................................................................................. Repurchase of common stock ................................................................................................................. Dividends paid ....................................................................................................................................... Net cash provided by financing activities .................................................................................................... Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash ............................................... Cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash at beginning of year ....................................................... Cash and cash held in escrow and restricted cash at end of year ................................................................. $ Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (21,175) $ (14,027) 26,788 (996) (1,304) 5,393 2,138 (48) 805 — (1,004) (239) (1,208) 5,717 14,867 (142,635) 4,562 (3,850) — (141,923) — 17,843 71,770 198,315 (118,914) (34,682) 45,225 (38,000) (2,566) (5,054) (11,083) 122,854 (4,202) 19,163 14,961 $ 13,998 (191) (423) — 2,399 20 435 (231) — (2,638) (70) 8,832 8,104 (170,788) — (1,287) 231 (171,844) (25,582) 52,559 48,931 79,800 — — 33,825 (12,500) (2,576) — (1,755) 172,702 8,962 10,201 19,163 Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: Interest paid ............................................................................................................................................ $ 13,596 $ 9,182 Supplemental Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: $ Non cash capital contribution by investor related to adjustment of Redemption Price of redeemable preferred interest ................................................................................................................. Shares issued in Private Placement for Redemption of Redeemable Preferred Interest ......................... $ Redemption of non-controlling interest related to preferred interest ...................................................... $ Warrants issued ...................................................................................................................................... $ Dividends declared included in dividends payable ................................................................................. $ Distribution payable to non-controlling interest holder .......................................................................... $ Issuance of partnership units in exchange for acquisition of property .................................................... $ Fixed asset acquisitions included in accounts payables, accrued expenses and other liabilities ............. $ Deferred leasing costs included in accounts payables, accrued expenses and other liabilities ............... $ Series B accretion to redemption values ................................................................................................. $ Assumption of mortgage note ................................................................................................................ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,923 $ 358 $ 10,642 $ 124 $ 114 $ 359 $ 13,907 $ 1,019 5,000 56,795 140 2,153 158 8,007 437 — — — The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F-6 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation Business Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., (the “Company” or the “REIT”) is a Maryland corporation formed on March 7, 2011. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, commonly called an UPREIT, and owns substantially all of its assets and conducts substantially all of its business through its operating partnership, Plymouth Industrial Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). The Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, controls the Operating Partnership and consolidates the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company owned an 82.2% and 90.5%, respectively, common equity interest in the Operating Partnership. The Company is a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed organization. The Company focuses on the acquisition, ownership and management of single and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties, primarily located in secondary and select primary markets across the U.S. As of December 31, 2018, the Company, through its subsidiaries, owns 55 industrial properties comprising approximately 12 million square feet. The Company completed its initial listed public offering (IPO) of common stock (Offering) on June 14, 2017, which resulted in the issuance of 3,060,000 shares of common stock, including 160,000 shares of common stock issued to cover the underwriters’ over-allotment. The Company utilized a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to redeem $20,000 of the $25,000 non-controlling interest held by an affiliate of Torchlight Investors, LLC (“Torchlight”). The Company issued 263,158 shares at $19.00 per share in a private placement to an affiliate of Torchlight, which occurred contemporaneously with the Offering, for the redemption of the remaining $5,000 portion of the non-controlling interest. On March 29, 2018, the Company repurchased and retired the 263,158 shares of common stock owned by an affiliate of Torchlight in a privately negotiated transaction at a purchase price of $19.00 per share, or $5,000 in the aggregate. Equity Offering On July 23, 2018, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 1,262,833 shares of common stock, including 160,369 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $17,843. The Company contributed the net proceeds of this offering to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,262,833 OP Units, and the Operating Partnership used the net proceeds of the public offering to acquire additional industrial properties, working capital purposes and other general purposes. ATM Program On July 30, 2018, the Company and Operating Partnership filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registering an aggregate of $500,000 of securities, consisting of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights to purchase our common stock and debt securities. On August 24, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBanc Capital Markets and National Securities Corporation (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 through an “at-the-market equity offering programs (the “ATM program”). As of December 31, 2018, the Company has not sold any securities under the ATM Program. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and their subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation of entities. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made in the 2017 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2018 presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on 2017 consolidated net loss. F-7 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets or business acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrants liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Risks and Uncertainties The state of the overall economy can significantly impact the Company’s operational performance and thus impact its financial position. Should the Company experience a significant decline in operational performance, it may affect the Company’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders, service debt, or meet other financial obligations. New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides updated guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award would require an entity to apply modification accounting under the topic. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The ASU clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Key differences between business combinations and asset acquisitions include: Transaction costs are capitalized in an asset acquisition but expensed in a business combination. Identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests are generally recognized and measured as of the acquisition date at fair value in a business combination, but are measured by allocating the cost of the acquisition on a relative fair value basis in an asset acquisition. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-01 for acquisitions subsequent to June 30, 2017. As a result, the Company expects that the majority of acquisitions will be accounted for as asset acquisitions as opposed to a business combination under the former guidance. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU 2016- 18”). The ASU requires an entity to explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows and to provide a reconciliation of the totals in that statement to the related captions in the balance sheet when the cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents are presented in more than one- line item on the balance sheet. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using a retrospective approach. The Company has determined the impact of adopting ASU 2016-18 resulted in the inclusion of cash held in escrow and restricted cash in total cash and in the determination of changes in cash in its statements of cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the change resulted in an increase in cash provided by operating activities of approximately $523, a decrease in cash used in investing activities of approximately $2,047 and a decrease in cash provided by financing activities of approximately $5,582. In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 is intended to clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows and to eliminate the diversity in practice related to such classifications. The Company adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2018 and its adoption did not have a material impact on its financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, classification on the statement of cash flows and policy elections on the impact for forfeitures. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in fiscal year 2017 and its adoption had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. F-8 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to represent the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB subsequently issued additional ASUs which provide practical expedients, technical corrections and clarification of the new standard. ASC 606 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim reporting periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. ASC 606 permits the use of either the full retrospective transition method or a modified retrospective transition method. The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements Issued but not yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), and various subsequent ASU’s, which requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases and changes many key definitions, including the definition of a lease. The update includes a short-term lease exception for leases with a term of 12 months or less, in which a lessee can make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply as well as transition guidance specific to nonstandard leasing transactions. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted the lease standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company will elect the package of practical expedients available for implementation which allows the Company to 1) not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; 2) not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and 3) not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. For arrangements where the Company is the lessee, the Company expects to record a right of use asset of approximately $1,918 and a lease liability of approximately $1,939 on the Consolidated Balance Sheet upon adoption of ASU 2016-02. For arrangements where the Company is the lessor, the Company has concluded the new lease standard will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. Segments The Company has one reportable segment–industrial properties. These properties have similar economic characteristics and also meet the other criteria that permit the properties to be aggregated into one reportable segment. Revenue Recognition and Tenant Receivables and Rental Revenue Components Minimum rental income from real estate operations is recognized on a straight-line basis. The straight-line rent calculation on leases includes the effects of rent concessions and scheduled rent increases, and the calculated straight-line rent income is recognized over the lives of the individual leases. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and straight-line rents receivable, based upon estimates determined by management. Management specifically analyzes aged receivables, tenant credit-worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company did not recognize an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company did not have any bad debt expense or write-offs during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company includes accounts receivable and straight line rent receivables within other assets in the balance sheet. Rental revenue and tenant recoveries is comprised of the following: Income from lease ........................................................................................................................ $ Straight-line rent adjustment ........................................................................................................ Reimbursable expenses ................................................................................................................ Amortization of above market leases ........................................................................................... Amortization of below market leases .......................................................................................... 34,332 $ 996 12,051 (519) 1,823 17,758 191 6,443 (289) 712 Total ........................................................................................................................................ $ 48,683 $ 24,815 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 F-9 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company maintains cash and restricted cash, which includes tenant security deposits and cash collateral for its borrowings discussed in Note 5, cash held in escrow for real estate tax, insurance and tenant capital improvement and leasing commissions, in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has not realized any losses in such cash accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk of loss. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash held in escrow and restricted cash reported within our consolidated balance sheet to amounts reported within our consolidated statement of cash flows: December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Cash as presented on balance sheet .............................................................................................. $ Cash held in escrow as presented on balance sheet ..................................................................... Restricted cash as presented on balance sheet ............................................................................. Cash, cash held in escrow and restricted cash as presented on cash flow statement .................... $ 5,394 $ 7,808 1,759 14,961 $ 12,915 5,074 1,174 19,163 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company applies various valuation approaches in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows: Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. Level 3— Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable. The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. Level 2 inputs such as interest rates and credit spreads, are applied in determining the fair value of the interest rate cap in the amount of $0 at December 31, 2018. Level 3 inputs are applied in determining the fair value of warrants to purchase common stock in the amount of $112 and $160 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, discussed in Note 6. Financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, cash held in escrow and reserves, accounts receivable, secured debt, mezzanine debt to investor and deferred interest, line of credit, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The values of these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their relatively short maturities and prevailing interest rates. Derivative Instrument The Company uses an interest rate cap as a derivative instrument to manage interest rate risk and is recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. The interest rate cap is not designated as a hedging instrument and changes in fair value is mark to market through earnings. The input values used in the fair value measurement of the interest rate cap were obtained using quoted market prices for similar assets in markets that are not active and therefore are, classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the interest rate cap is estimated based on discounting future cash flows and interest rates that management believes reflect the risks associated with debt instruments of similar risk and duration. F-10 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are reflected as a reduction to the respective loan amounts in the form of a debt discount. Amortization of this expense is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Debt issuance costs amounted to $6,232 and $6,475 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and related accumulated amortization amounted to $1,754 and $982 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Unamortized debt issuance costs amounted to $4,478 and $5,493 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Stock Based Compensation The Company grants stock based compensation awards to our employees and directors typically in the form of restricted shares of common stock. The Company measures stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date and recognizes the expense ratably over the vesting period. Forfeitures of unvested shares are recognized in the period the forfeiture occurs. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with members. There was no difference between net loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Earnings per Share The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per common share as the Company has issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share since the Company does not have any common stock equivalents such as stock options. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include its financial statements, and those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and controlling interests. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company considers the issuance of member interests in entities that hold its properties under the guidance of ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment (ASC 360), and ASC 976, Real Estate, (ASC 976) as referenced by ASC 810, Consolidation, (ASC 810). See Note 8. Income Taxes The Company has operated in a manner that allows it to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The Company filed its initial Form 1120-REIT as its tax return for the tax year ended December 31, 2012. The Company utilizes an UPREIT organizational structure with the intent to hold properties and securities through an Operating Partnership. The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and has operated as such beginning with the tax year ending December 31, 2012. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute as dividends to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four tax years following the year during which qualification is lost, unless it can obtain relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to continue to operate in a manner that allows it to qualify for treatment as a REIT. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S federal jurisdiction and various state and local jurisdictions. The statute of limitations for the Company’s income tax returns is generally three years and as such, the Company’s returns that remain subject to examination would be primarily from 2015 and thereafter. Accrued interest and penalties will be recorded as income tax expense, if the Company records a liability in the future. F-11 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) To the extent the Company does not utilize the full amount of the annual federal NOLs, the unused amount may normally be carried forward for 20 years to offset taxable income in future years. The Company had federal NOL carryforwards originating from 2012 through 2017 of approximately $32,675. The Company incurred a federal taxable loss during 2018 of approximately $3,188, resulting in net operating loss carryforwards to 2019 of approximately $35,863. 2018 NOLs are not limited to 20 years and can be carried forward indefinitely. The 2018 NOL carried forward can only offset up to 80% of taxable income in future years. The Company’s net tax basis of real estate assets amounted to $487,049 and $324,654 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Real Estate Property Acquisitions In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (FASB), ASC 805-10 “Business Combinations”, the assets and liabilities acquired are recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company has implemented ASU 2017-01 as of July 2017 and has concluded that the acquisition of properties will be accounted for as an asset acquisition as opposed to a business combination. The significant difference between the two accounting models is that within an acquisition of assets, acquisition costs are capitalized as a cost of the assets, whereas in a business combination acquisition costs are expensed and not included as part of the consideration transferred. The accounting for real estate property acquisitions requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired property, the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, and in determining the estimated fair value for assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The amounts allocated to lease intangibles (leases in place, leasing commissions, tenant relationships, and above and below market leases) are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including independent third party analysis and market data and are generally amortized over the remaining life of the related leases excluding renewal options, except in the case of below market fixed rate rent amounts, which are amortized over the applicable renewal period. Such inputs are Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Real Estate and Depreciation Real estate properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of buildings and other improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated remaining useful lives of the assets, which generally range from 11 to 40 years for buildings and 3 to 13 years for site improvements. If the Company determines that impairment has occurred, the affected assets are reduced to their fair value. Building improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repair expenses are charged to expense as incurred. Significant renovations and improvements that improve or extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized. Amortization of Deferred Lease Intangibles - Assets and Liabilities Deferred lease intangible assets consist of leases in place, leasing commissions, tenant relationships, and above market leases. Deferred lease Intangible liabilities represent below market leases. These intangibles have been recorded at their fair market value in connection with the acquisition of properties. Intangible assets are generally amortized over the remaining life of the related leases excluding renewal options, except in the case of below market fixed rate rent amounts, which are amortized over the applicable renewal period. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses the carrying values of our respective long-lived assets, including goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of real estate assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. In order to review our real estate assets for recoverability, the Company considers current market conditions, as well as our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the asset. Our intent with regard to the underlying assets might change as market conditions change, as well as other factors. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, applying a capitalization rate to estimated net operating income of a property and quoted market values and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the real estate asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the current estimated fair value of the real estate property. The Company has determined there is no impairment of value of long lived assets. Non-controlling Interests As further discussed in Note 8, the Company has issued non-controlling interests in its subsidiaries. The net loss attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented in the Company’s consolidated results of operations since the date of initial issuance. F-12 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) Controlling Interests The Company determines whether it holds a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether it is required to apply the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model to the entity. Where the Company holds current or potential rights that give it the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance combined with a variable interest that gives it the right to receive potentially significant benefits or the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses, the Company is the primary beneficiary of that VIE. When changes occur to the design of an entity, the Company reconsiders whether it is subject to the VIE model. The Company continuously evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of a consolidated VIE. To the extent the Company is not required to apply the VIE model, the Company follows the control model for consolidation purposes and considers instances whether its ownership exceeds 50% of the voting rights of the entity and whether other investors have liquidating, kick-out or substantive participating rights. With respect to in substance real estate transactions, the Company considers guidance of ASC 360 and ASC 976, as referenced by ASC 810, for issuance of membership interests prior to any deconsolidation of assets. See Note 8. 3. Reverse Stock Split On May 1, 2017, the Company amended its charter and effected a 1-for-4 reverse stock split with respect to all then- outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. All per share amounts and number of shares in the financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse stock split. 4. Real Estate Properties Real estate properties consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017: Land ............................................................................................................................................. $ Buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements ...................................................... Site improvements ....................................................................................................................... Construction in process ................................................................................................................ Less accumulated depreciation .................................................................................................... Real estate properties ................................................................................................................... $ 2018 2017 92,628 $ 325,933 33,270 779 452,610 (41,279) 411,331 $ 59,663 221,309 21,489 941 303,402 (25,013) 278,389 Depreciation expense was $16,477 in 2018 and $8,986 in 2017. Acquisition of Real Estate The Company made the following acquisitions of properties during the year ended December 31, 2018: On April 9, 2018, the Company acquired a two-property portfolio of industrial properties, consisting of approximately 270,000 square feet, located in Chicago, Illinois for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $15,675. On September 27, 2018, the Company acquired an industrial property, consisting of approximately 400,000 square feet, located in Cleveland, Ohio for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $27,000. On October 15, 2018, the Company acquired a single Class B industrial property in greater Cincinnati, Ohio totaling approximately 1,100,000 square feet for approximately $24,800. The purchase price includes the issuance of 626,011 units of Plymouth’s Operating Partnership units valued at approximately $10,642, the assumption of approximately $13,907 of existing mortgage debt secured by the property and approximately $251 in cash. On December 14, 2018, the Company acquired a three-property portfolio of Class B light industrial/flex buildings totaling 1,100,000 square feet in Jacksonville, Florida for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $97,100. The Company made the following acquisitions of properties during the year ended December 31, 2017: On July 20, 2017 the Company acquired a five-property portfolio of Class A and Class B industrial buildings totaling 667,000 square feet in South Bend, Indiana for approximately $26,000 in cash. On August 11, 2017 the Company acquired two Class B industrial properties in Indianapolis, Indiana, the “Shadeland Portfolio”, totaling approximately 606,871 square feet for approximately $16,875. The purchase price includes approximately $8,868 in cash, and the issuance of 421,438 units of Plymouth’s Operating Partnership at $19.00 per unit for approximately $8,007. F-13 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 4. Real Estate Properties (continued) On August 16, 2017 the Company acquired a Class B industrial property in Columbus, Ohio consisting of 121,440 square feet for approximately $3,700 in cash. On August 16, 2017 the Company acquired an eight-building portfolio of Class B industrial/flex space in Memphis, Tennessee, for approximately $7,825 totaling approximately 235,000 square feet. On September 8, 2017 the Company acquired a Class B industrial property in Memphis, Tennessee consisting of 131,904 square feet for approximately $3,700 in cash. On November 30, 2017 the Company acquired a fifteen-property portfolio of Class B Warehouse/Distribution/Light Manufacturing space located in Illinois and Wisconsin for approximately $99,750 totaling approximately 3,027,987 square feet. On December 21, 2017 the Company acquired a three-property portfolio of Class B industrial buildings totaling 330,361 square feet in Atlanta, Georgia for approximately $11,425 in cash. On December 22, 2017 the Company acquired a Class B industrial property totaling 75,000 square feet in Elgin, Illinois for approximately $4,050 in cash. The allocation of the aggregate purchase price in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (FASB), ASU 2017-01 (Topic 805) “Business Combinations,” of the assets and liabilities acquired at their relative fair values as of their acquisition date, is as follows: Purchase price allocation Total Purchase Price .................................................................................................................... Purchase Price .............................................................................................................................. $ Acquisition Costs ......................................................................................................................... Additional acquisition costs from MWG portfolio ...................................................................... Total ............................................................................................................................................. $ Year ended December 31, 2018 Purchase Price Year ended December 31, 2017 Purchase Price 164,575 $ 1,653 955 167,183 $ 173,325 5,470 — 178,795 Allocation of Purchase Price Land ......................................................................................................................................... $ Building ................................................................................................................................... Site Improvements ................................................................................................................... Total real estate properties ........................................................................................................... 33,938 $ 103,570 11,823 149,331 41,609 109,977 11,006 162,592 Deferred lease intangible assets Tenant relationships ................................................................................................................. Leasing Commissions .............................................................................................................. Above Market Lease Value...................................................................................................... Lease in Place Value ................................................................................................................ Total deferred lease intangible assets ........................................................................................... Deferred lease intangible liabilities 4,819 3,659 1,225 10,231 19,934 Below Market Debt value ........................................................................................................ Below Market Lease Value ...................................................................................................... Total deferred lease intangible liabilities ..................................................................................... Totals ........................................................................................................................................... $ 92 (2,174) (2,082) 167,183 $ 3,919 2,588 991 14,819 22,317 — (6,114) (6,114) 178,795 Sale of Real Estate During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company disposed of a single, 112,144 square foot property located in Milwaukee, WI with a net book value of approximately $3,953. Net proceeds from the sale was approximately $4,562, resulting in the Company recognizing a gain on the sale of approximately $1,004. There were no sales of real estate during the year ended December 31, 2017. F-14 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 4. Real Estate Properties (continued) Deferred Lease Intangibles Deferred lease intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017: Above market lease ...................................................................................................................... $ Lease in place .............................................................................................................................. Tenant relationships ..................................................................................................................... Leasing commission .................................................................................................................... Leasing commission after acquisition .......................................................................................... Less Accumulated amortization ................................................................................................... Deferred lease intangibles ............................................................................................................ $ Deferred lease intangible liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017: 2018 2017 3,310 $ 35,521 10,333 8,318 1,523 59,005 (21,065) 37,940 $ 2,086 26,514 5,811 4,948 327 39,686 (12,067) 27,619 2018 2017 Below market leases .................................................................................................................... $ Above market debt value ............................................................................................................. Less accumulated amortization .................................................................................................... Deferred lease intangibles ............................................................................................................ $ 9,782 $ (92) (2,623) 7,067 $ 8,309 — (1,502) 6,807 Amortization of above and below market leases was recorded as an adjustment to revenues and amounted to $1,304 and $423 in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization of all other deferred lease intangibles has been included in depreciation and amortization in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and amounted to $10,311 and $5,012 in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Projected amortization of deferred lease intangibles for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2018 is as follows: Year 2019 .................................................................................... $ 2020 .................................................................................... $ 2021 .................................................................................... $ 2022 .................................................................................... $ 2023 .................................................................................... $ Thereafter ............................................................................ $ 5. Borrowing Arrangements $120,000 AIG Loan Amortization Expense Related to Other Intangible Lease Assets and Liabilities (in thousands) Net Increase to Rental Income Related to Above and Below Market Lease Amortization (in thousands) 12,197 $ 9,187 $ 5,306 $ 3,032 $ 2,127 $ 4,055 $ (1,356) (1,011) (662) (543) (358) (1,101) Certain indirect subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have entered into a senior secured loan agreement with investment entities managed by AIG Asset Management (the “AIG Loan”). As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there was $120,000 of principal indebtedness outstanding under the AIG Loan. The AIG Loan bears interest at 4.08% per annum and has a seven-year term maturing in October, 2023. The AIG Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first three years of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 27-year amortization period. The borrowings under the AIG Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on the properties held by wholly-owned subsidiaries of Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC (see Note 8). The obligations under the AIG Loan are also guaranteed in certain circumstances by the Company and certain of the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. F-15 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued) The AIG Loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on additional indebtedness, restrictions on liens, fundamental changes, dispositions, restricted payments, change in nature of business, transactions with affiliates and burdensome agreements. The AIG Loan contains financial covenants that require minimum liquidity and Net Worth. The AIG Loan is subject to acceleration upon certain specified events of defaults, including breaches of representations or covenants, failure to pay other material indebtedness, failure to pay taxes or a change of control of our company, as defined in the senior secured loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. The Company has no right to prepay all or any part of the AIG Loan before November 1, 2019. Following that date, the AIG Loan can only be paid in full, and a prepayment penalty would be assessed, as defined in the agreement. The borrowings amounted to $117,263 and $116,700, net of $2,737 and $3,300 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Minnesota Life Loan On April 30, 2018, certain subsidiaries of our operating partnership entered into a secured loan agreement with Minnesota Life Insurance Company, or the Minnesota Life Loan, in the original principal amount of $21,500. The Minnesota Life Loan bears interest at 3.78% per annum and has a ten-year term, maturing on May 1, 2028. The Minnesota Life Loan provides for monthly payments of interest only for the first year of the term and thereafter monthly principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization period. The borrowings under the Minnesota Life Loan are secured by first lien mortgages on seven of the Company’s properties. The Minnesota Life Loan contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions of assets and transactions with affiliates. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $21,133, net of $367 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018. Transamerica Loan On July 10, 2018, certain wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrowers”) of the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “Transamerica Loan”) with Transamerica Life Insurance Company providing for commercial mortgage loans to the Borrowers in the aggregate principal amount of $78,000. The Transamerica Loan matures on August 1, 2028 and bears interest at the fixed rate of 4.35% per annum. The promissory notes (the “Notes”) evidencing the Transamerica Loan require the Borrowers to make monthly interest-only payments through August 2019 and thereafter the Transamerica Loan requires equal monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization period. The Borrowers may repay the Transamerica Loan at any time following the first twelve full calendar months of the Transamerica Loan’s term, subject to paying a premium equal to the greater of (a) 1% of the prepayment amount and (b) the “Yield Protection Amount,” as defined in the Notes. The Transamerica Loan and the Notes contain customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy. Any default under the Transamerica Loan or any Note will constitute a default under each of the other Notes. Each Borrower has guaranteed the payment obligations of all the other Borrowers under the Notes. On December 19, 2018, the Company repaid $3,380 of the Transamerica Loan as part of the sale of 525 West Marquette, 1 of 18 properties that serve as collateral for the Transamerica Loan. The Company recognized a $395 loss on extinguishment of debt at the time of the partial repayment. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $73,609, net of $1,011 of unamortized debt issuance costs at December 31, 2018. Fisher Park Mortgage On October 15, 2018, the Operating Partnership (the “Borrower”) assumed a mortgage (the “Fisher Park Mortgage”) with a balance of $13,907 as part of our acquisition of the property in greater Cincinnati. The Fisher Park Mortgage, held by JP Morgan Chase Bank, matures on January 1, 2027, bears interest at 5.229% and is secured by the property. The Fisher Park Mortgage requires monthly installments of principal plus accrued interest based on a 30-year amortization. As part of the allocation of the Fisher Park purchase price per ASC 805, the Company recorded a $92 premium on the assumed debt value. The Fisher Park Mortgage contains customary events of default, including non-payment of principal or interest and bankruptcy and certain trigger events to occur upon the Debt Service Coverage Ratio going below certain thresholds as defined within the loan agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $13,873 at December 31, 2018. F-16 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued) KeyBank Bridge Loan On December 14, 2018, the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a loan agreement (the “KeyBank Bridge Loan”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”). The KeyBank Bridge Loan provides for a secured loan in the amount of $63,115. The KeyBank Bridge Loan bears interest at a rate per annum at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR plus 2%. At December 31, 2018 the interest rate was 4.44%. The KeyBank Bridge Loan matures on the earlier of March 14, 2019 or the date KeyBank ceases to serve as the administrative agent under the Company’s revolving credit facility; however, the Operating Partnership has the right to prepay the KeyBank Bridge Loan at any time without penalty. Borrowings under the KeyBank Bridge Loan are secured by the Jacksonville Property and are guaranteed by the Company and each subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that is the direct or indirect owner of any collateral for the KeyBank Bridge Loan. The KeyBank Bridge Loan contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates as outlined within the loan agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $63,115 at December 31, 2018. Line of Credit Agreement On August 11, 2017 the Company’s operating partnership entered into a secured line of credit agreement (Line of Credit Agreement) with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank and the other lenders, which matures in August 2020 with an optional extension through August 2021, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Line of Credit Agreement bear interest at either (1) the base rate (determined from the highest of (a) KeyBank’s prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.0%) or (2) LIBOR, plus, in either case, a spread between 250 and 300 basis points depending on our total leverage ratio. At December 31, 2018 the interest rate was 5.4%. On March 8, 2018, the Company entered into an Increase Agreement to our Line of Credit Agreement with KeyBank National Association to increase our revolving credit facility to $45,000. All other terms of the Line of Credit Agreement remained unchanged. The Line of Credit Agreement, consistent with the KeyBank Bridge Loan covenants, contains customary affirmative and negative and financial covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates as outlined within the Line of Credit Agreement. The Company is in compliance with the respective covenants at December 31, 2018. The Line of Credit Agreement is secured by certain assets of the Company’s operating partnership and certain of its subsidiaries and includes a Company’s guarantee for the payment of all indebtedness under the Line of Credit Agreement. Borrowings outstanding amounted to $28,187 and $20,837, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $363 and $488 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Borrowings available under the Line of Credit Agreement amounted to $7,070, net of a letter of credit totaling $93, at December 31, 2018. Principal payments on the Company’s long-term debt due in each of the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2018 are as follows: Year ending December 31: 2019 ................................................................................................................................ $ 2020 ................................................................................................................................ 2021 ................................................................................................................................ 2022 ................................................................................................................................ 2023 ................................................................................................................................ Thereafter ....................................................................................................................... Amount 64,672 32,946 4,588 4,783 113,792 100,928 Repayment of Debt MWG Loan On November 30, 2017, certain of our indirect subsidiaries entered into a loan agreement, the MWG Loan Agreement, with Special Situations Investing Group II, LLC, as lender and agent, which provides for a loan of $79,800, bearing interest for the first year at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 3.10% and for the second year at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 3.35%. The MWG Loan Agreement matures in November, 2019 and has one, 12-month extension option, subject to certain conditions. The borrowings under the MWG Loan Agreement were secured by first lien mortgages on the 15 properties held by wholly- owned subsidiaries of Plymouth MWG Holdings LLC. In addition, the obligations under the Loan Agreement were guaranteed by the company and certain of our operating partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries. F-17 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 5. Borrowing Arrangements (continued) The MWG Loan Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, dispositions of assets and transactions with affiliates. On July 10, 2018, the Company used the proceeds of the Transamerica Loan, along with additional working capital, to repay in full the MWG Loan Agreement. The Company recognized a $804 loss on extinguishment of debt at the time of the repayment to reflect the write off of unamortized deferred financing fees. As part of the MWG Loan Agreement, in April, 2018, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement remains in effect through the maturity date, December 1, 2019. No key terms or conditions relating to the interest rate cap agreement were changed as a result of the repayment of the MWG Loan Agreement. The interest rate cap is recorded at fair value based upon an independent third-party valuation source. The fair value of the interest rate cap agreement was $0 at December 31, 2018. $30,000 Mezzanine Loan On October 17, 2016, Plymouth Industrial 20 LLC (“20 LLC”) entered into a mezzanine loan agreement with Torchlight as partial payment of its prior Senior Loan (“Mezzanine Loan”). The Mezzanine Loan had an original principal amount of $30,000, and bears interest at 15% per annum, of which 7% percent is paid for during the first four years of the term and 10% is paid for the remainder of the term, and matures in October, 2023. Unpaid interest accrues and was added to the outstanding principal amount of the loan. The Mezzanine Loan required borrower to pay a prepayment premium equal to the difference between (1) the sum of 150% of the principal being repaid and (2) the sum of the actual principal amount being repaid and current and accrued interest paid through the date of repayment. This repayment feature operated as a prepayment feature since the difference between (1) and (2) will be zero at maturity. As additional consideration for the Mezzanine Loan, 20 LLC granted Torchlight under the Mezzanine Loan, a profit participation in the form of the right to receive 25% of net income and capital proceeds generated by the Company Portfolio following debt service payments and associated costs (the “TL Participation”). The TL Participation was terminated as of June 14, 2017 in consideration of the Company issuing warrants to Torchlight to acquire 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $23.00 per share. The warrants have a five-year term and are more fully discussed in Note 6. The profit participation was zero for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The borrowings under the Mezzanine Loan were secured by, among other things, pledges of the equity interest in 20 LLC and each of its property-owning subsidiaries. On May 24, 2018, the $30,000 Mezzanine Loan was paid in full for a total consideration of $35,000 from proceeds of the KeyBank Term Loan. Included within the $35,000 consideration is the return of the $30,000 principal, accrued interest outstanding of $1,786, interest expense for the stub period of May 2018 of $318 and a repayment premium of approximately $2,896. The Company had paid approximately $8,232 in interest during the term of the loan. The Company recognized a $3,601 loss on extinguishment of debt upon completion of the repayment which consisted of the aforementioned repayment premium, write off of unamortized deferred financing fees of $689 and legal expenses of approximately $16. KeyBank Term Loan On May 23, 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with KeyBank National Association, or KeyBank, for a senior secured term loan (“KeyBank Term Loan”). The KeyBank Term Loan provided for a loan of $35,700 and matures on the earlier of (1) August 11, 2021 or (2) the date KeyBank ceases to serve as administrative agent under the KeyBank Credit Agreement. The KeyBank Term Loan bears interest, at the Company’s option, at either (1) LIBOR plus 7% or (2) KeyBank’s base rate plus 6%. The KeyBank Term Loan was secured by, among other things, pledges of the equity interests in 20 LLC and each of its property owning subsidiaries. The KeyBank Term Loan net proceeds were used to repay the Torchlight Mezzanine Loan. The KeyBank Term Loan, consistent with the Line of Credit Agreement covenants, contained customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and transactions with affiliates as outlined within the KeyBank Term Loan agreement. On December 14, 2018, the Company used the proceeds of the Series B Preferred Offering to repay in full the KeyBank Term Loan. The Company recognized a $593 loss on extinguishment of debt at the time of the repayment to reflect the write off of unamortized deferred financing fees. F-18 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 6. Common Stock Follow-on Offering On July 23, 2018, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 1,262,833 shares of common stock, including 160,369 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $17,843. The Company contributed the net proceeds of this offering to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 1,262,833 OP Units, and the Operating Partnership used the net proceeds of the public offering to acquire additional industrial properties, working capital purposes and other general purposes. ATM Program On July 30, 2018, the Company and Operating Partnership filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registering an aggregate of $500,000 of securities, consisting of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights to purchase our common stock and debt securities. On August 24, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBanc Capital Markets and National Securities Corporation (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 through “at-the-market equity offering programs” (the “ATM program”). As of December 31, 2018, the Company has not sold any securities under the ATM Program. Common Stock Warrants On June 14, 2017, the Company issued warrants to Torchlight to acquire 250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price of $23.00 per share, which expire in 2022. As a result of the Company’s follow-on public offering completed during the third quarter of 2018, the outstanding warrants have increased to 273,004 shares at a strike price of $21.06 per share. The warrants were accounted for as a liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as they contain provisions that are considered outside of the Company’s control, such as the holders’ option to receive cash in lieu and other securities in the event of a reorganization of the Company’s common stock underlying such warrants. The fair value of these warrants is re- measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. A roll-forward of the common stock warrants is as follows: Balance at January 1, 2017 ................................................................................................. $ Issuance of common stock warrant ....................................................................................... Change in fair value .............................................................................................................. Balance at December 31, 2017 ............................................................................................ Issuance of common stock warrant ....................................................................................... Change in fair value .............................................................................................................. Balance at December 31, 2018 ............................................................................................ $ — 140 20 160 — (48) 112 The warrants in the amount of $112 at December 31, 2018 represent their fair value determined using a Binomial Valuation Model applying Level 3 inputs as described in Note 2. The significant inputs into the model were: exercise price of $21.06, volatility of 20.0%, an expected annual dividend of $1.50, a term of 3.5 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 2.47%. The warrants in the amount of $160 at December 31, 2017 were determined using a Monte-Carlo option pricing model, whose significant inputs into the model were volatility of 18.9%, an expected dividend yield of 7.5%, a term of 4.4 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 2.15%. The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The warrants have an expiration date of June 13, 2022. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti- dilutive for the periods presented since the Company recorded a net loss during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. F-19 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 6. Common Stock (continued) Common Stock Dividends The following table sets forth the common stock distributions that were declared or paid during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company did not declare or pay any distributions prior to completion of the Offering. Cash Dividends Declared per Share Aggregate Amount 2018 First quarter .......................................................................................................................... $ Second quarter ...................................................................................................................... $ Third quarter ......................................................................................................................... $ Fourth quarter ....................................................................................................................... $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 2017 Second quarter (commencing June 14, 2017 to June 30, 2017) ........................................... $ Third quarter ......................................................................................................................... $ Fourth quarter ....................................................................................................................... $ 0.0650 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ Characterization of Common Stock Dividends (unaudited) 1,334 1,334 1,807 1,808 238 1,430 1,430 Earnings and profits (as defined under the Internal Revenue Code), the current and accumulated amounts of which determine the taxability of distributions to stockholders, vary from net income attributable to common stockholders and taxable income because of the different depreciation recovery periods, depreciation methods, and other items. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits generally constitute a return of capital. The following table shows the characterization of the distributions on the Company’s common stock for the year ended December 31, 2018. Declaration Date 3/15/2018 6/14/2018 9/14/2018 12/14/2018 Date of Record 3/30/2018 6/29/2018 9/28/2018 12/28/2018 Payable Date 4/30/2018 7/31/2018 10/31/2018 1/31/2019 Cash Distribution $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 Ordinary Dividend $ - $ - $ - $ - Return of Capital $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 $ 0.3750 7. Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company completed the offering of 2,040,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, including 240,000 shares exercised under the underwriter’s over-allotment, at a per share price of $25.00 for net cash proceeds of $48,868. The offering of the Series A Preferred Stock was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 declared effective on October 18, 2017. The relevant features of the Series A Preferred Stock are as follows: Liquidation Rights In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders before any payment shall be made to the holders of Common Stock, an amount per share equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. Redemption Rights Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have the right to require the Company to redeem for cash, their shares of Series A Preferred Stock in the event of a change in control of the Company or a delisting of the Company’s shares. Since this contingent redemption right is outside of the control of the Company, the Company has presented its Series A Preferred Stock as temporary equity. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at its option commencing on December 31, 2022 at $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. The Company also has the right to redeem for the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in the event of a change in control of the Company or a delisting of the Company’s shares. Conversion The shares of Series A Preferred Stock are not convertible. F-20 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 7. Preferred Stock (continued) Voting Rights Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock generally do not have any voting rights, except in the event dividends are in arrears for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive), the number of directors of the Company’s board of directors will automatically be increased by two and holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class with the holders of any other then-outstanding class or series of capital stock ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, or collectively, any Voting Preferred Stock and the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote for the election of two additional directors to serve on our board of directors, until all unpaid dividends for past dividend periods shall have been paid in full. Protective Rights As long as the shares of Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding, the Company cannot, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock voting together as a single class with any voting preferred stock, among other things, authorize, create or issue, or increase the number of authorized or issued shares of, any class or series of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or reclassify any of our authorized capital stock into such capital stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase such capital stock. Dividend Rights When, as and if authorized by our board of directors, holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends from, and including, the issue date, payable quarterly in arrears on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year, beginning on December 31, 2017 until December 31, 2024, at the rate of 7.5% per annum on the $25.00 liquidation preference per share (equivalent to a fixed annual rate of $1.875 per share (“Initial Rate”)). On and after December 31, 2024, if any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company will pay cumulative cash dividends on each then-outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock at an annual dividend rate equal to the Initial Rate plus an additional 1.5% of the liquidation preference per annum, which will increase by an additional 1.5% of the liquidation preference per annum on each subsequent December 31 thereafter, subject to a maximum annual dividend rate of 11.5% while the Series A Preferred Stock remains outstanding. The following table sets forth the Series A Preferred Stock distributions that were declared or paid during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.The Company did not pay any dividends prior to the offering of its Series A Preferred Stock offering on October 25, 2017. Cash Dividends Declared per Share Aggregate Amount 2018 First quarter .......................................................................................................................... $ Second quarter ...................................................................................................................... $ Third quarter ........................................................................................................................ $ Fourth quarter ....................................................................................................................... $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 956 956 956 956 2017 Fourth quarter (commencing October 25, 2017 to December 31, 2017) .............................. $ 0.3542 $ 723 Characterization of Series A Preferred Stock Dividends (unaudited) Earnings and profits (as defined under the Internal Revenue Code), the current and accumulated amounts of which determine the taxability of distributions to stockholders, vary from net income attributable to common stockholders and taxable income because of the different depreciation recovery periods, depreciation methods, and other items. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits generally constitute a return of capital. The following table shows the characterization of the distributions on the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock for the year ended December 31, 2018. Declaration Date 3/1/2018 6/1/2018 8/31/2018 11/30/2018 Date of Record 3/15/2018 6/15/2018 9/14/2018 12/14/2018 Payable Date 4/2/2018 7/2/2018 10/1/2018 12/31/2018 Cash Distribution $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 Ordinary Dividend $ - $ - $ - $ - Return of Capital $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 $ 0.4688 F-21 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 7. Preferred Stock (continued) Presentation The Company has presented its Series A Preferred Stock as temporary equity since the redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock is outside of the control of the Company. Series B Preferred Stock On November 20, 2018, the Company entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with MIRELF VI Pilgrim, LLC, an affiliate of Madison International Realty Holdings, LLC (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Investor, in a private placement exempt from registration under the federal securities laws (the “Private Placement”), 4,411,764 shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $17.00 per share for an aggregate consideration of $75,000 (the “Purchase Price”) or $71,800, net of issuance costs. On December 14, 2018, the Company closed (the “Closing”) the Private Placement and issued to the Investor the Series B Preferred Stock in exchange for the Purchase Price. Liquidation Preference The Series B Preferred Stock ranks senior to the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), and ranks on a parity basis with the shares of the Company’s 7.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, in each case, with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock have a Liquidation Preference, which is defined as an amount per share equal to the greater of (a) an amount necessary for the Investor to receive a 12.0% annual internal rate of return on the issue price of $17.00, taking into account dividends paid from December 14, 2018 until (i) the date of the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, (ii) the Conversion Date, or (iii) the Redemption Date, as the case may be, and (b) $21.89 (subject to adjustment), plus accrued and unpaid dividends through and including (x) the date of such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, (y) the Conversion Date, or (z) the Redemption Date, as the case may be. For the year ended December 31, 2018, accretion recorded in relation to the 12% annual internal rate of return and offering costs is $359. Redemption Rights Upon certain change of control events, including a delisting of the Company’s common stock, involving the Company, the Company is required to, at the option of each holder of Series B Preferred Stock, redeem all of the Series B Preferred Stock at a price equal to the greater of (1) an amount in cash equal to 100% of the Liquidation Preference thereof and (2) the consideration the holders would have received if they had converted their shares of Series B Preferred Stock into Common Stock immediately prior to the change of control event. At any time following December 31, 2022, the Company may elect to redeem up to fifty percent (50.0%) of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock, and at any time following December 31, 2023, the Company may elect to redeem up to one hundred percent (100.0%) of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock for an amount in cash per share of Series B Preferred Stock equal to the Redemption Price per share of Series B Preferred Stock. The Redemption Price is defined as the greater of (i) the Liquidation Preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock as of the Redemption Date or (ii) the 20-day volume weighted average price per share; provided, however, following such time as the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock that shall have been redeemed is equal to the maximum number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock that can be converted (whether into cash of shares of Common Stock) such that, if all such shares of Series B Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock, the certain percentage investment ownership thresholds would have been reached (but not exceeded), the Redemption Price shall be equal to the Liquidation Preference. Conversion Rights The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the Investor from and after January 1, 2022. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2022, if the 20-day volume weighted average price per share of Common Stock is equal to or exceeds $26.35 (subject to adjustment), the Company has the right to convert each share of Series B Preferred Stock, and on December 31, 2024, the Series B Preferred Stock is, subject to availability of funds, automatically converted. F-22 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 7. Preferred Stock (continued) Any conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock may be settled by the Company, at its option, in shares of Common Stock, cash or any combination thereof. However, unless and until the Company’s stockholders have approved the issuance of greater than 19.99% of the outstanding Common Stock as of the date of the closing of the Private Placement, as required by the NYSE American rules and regulations (“stockholder approval”), the Series B Preferred Stock may not be converted into more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock as of the date of the closing of the Private Placement. In addition, the Company cannot opt to convert the Series B Preferred Stock into more than 9.9% of the outstanding Common Stock without approval of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock. The initial conversion rate is one share of Series B Preferred Stock for one share of Common Stock, subject to proportionate adjustments for certain transactions affecting the Company’s securities (such as stock dividends, stock splits, combinations and other corporate reorganization events), provided that the value of the Common Stock, determined in accordance with terms of the Articles Supplementary is equal to or greater that the liquidation preference of the Series B Preferred Stock. To the extent the Company opts to settle the conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock in cash, (1) until such time as the maximum number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock have been converted such that, if all such shares had been converted into Common Stock, stockholder approval would be necessary to convert additional shares into Common Stock, the Company will pay cash equal to the greater of the liquidation preference or the 20-day volume weighted average price per share (20 Day VWAP), and (2) following such time, the Company will pay cash equal to the liquidation preference per share of Series B Preferred Stock. On December 31, 2024, all issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock shall, without further action of the Company or the holders, shall convert at the Settlement Amount as of December 31, 2024; provided, however , that prior to the receipt of stockholder approval, conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock into Common Stock shall be subject to the 19.99% threshold; provided, further, however, that prior to the receipt of the 10.0% Consent, conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock into Common Stock shall be subject to the 10.0% threshold. The Settlement Amount is defined as follows: • • • If a Physical Settlement is elected by the Company, the Company shall deliver to the converting holder in respect of each share of Series B Preferred Stock being converted a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the greater of (i) one (1) share of Common Stock or (ii) the quotient of the Liquidation Preference divided by the 20-Day VWAP; If a Cash Settlement is elected by the Company, the Company shall pay to the converting holder in respect of each share of Series B Preferred Stock being converted into cash in an amount equal to the greater of (i) the Liquidation Preference or (ii) the 20-Day VWAP. This Cash Settlement is without regard to the 10.0% Threshold or the 19.99% Threshold; provided, however, following such time as the maximum number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock have been converted pursuant to this Conversion Section (whether into cash or shares of Common Stock) such that, if all such shares of Series B Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock (disregarding the 10.0% Threshold), the 19.99% Threshold would have been reached (but not exceeded), the Cash Settlement Amount shall be equal to the Liquidation Preference; and If a Combination Settlement is elected by the Company, the Company shall pay or deliver, as the case may be, in respect of each share of Series B Preferred Stock being converted, a Settlement Amount equal to, at the election of the Company, either (i) cash equal to the Cash Settlement Amount or (ii) a number of shares of Common Stock; provided, however, that any Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement shall be subject to (i) the 10.0% Threshold until such time as the 10.0% Consent is received and (ii) the 19.99% Threshold until such time as the stockholder approval is received. Voting Rights The Series B Preferred Stock Investors have no voting rights. However, after December 31, 2024, holders of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of Common Stock on an as-converted basis (up to a maximum of 19.99% of the Common Stock outstanding on the date of the closing of the Private Placement, unless stockholder approval has been received). F-23 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 7. Preferred Stock (continued) Approval Rights In addition, for so long as any shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, the affirmative vote of a majority of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock is required to (i) authorize, create, issue or increase, or reclassify any class of capital stock into any class or series of Senior Equity Securities or Parity Equity Securities (as such terms are defined in the Articles Supplementary), (ii) authorize any class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership that are senior to the partnership interests currently in existence, (iii) amend, alter, repeal or otherwise change the rights, preferences, preferences, privileges or powers of the Series B Preferred Stock, (iv) approve any dividend other than cash dividends paid in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, or required to be paid by the Company to maintain REIT status, (v) affect any voluntary deregistration under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or voluntary delisting with the NYSE American with respect to the Common Stock, (vi) incur any indebtedness in excess of the limits set forth in the Articles Supplementary, (vii) adopt a “poison pill” or similar anti-takeover agreement or plan, and (viii) following December 31, 2024, enter into a Change in Control Transaction (as defined in the Articles Supplementary) or make certain acquisitions. In addition, to the extent that any shares of Series B Preferred Stock remains outstanding after December 31, 2024, or if dividends on any shares of Series B Preferred Stock are in arrears for six or more quarters (whether or not consecutive), the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will have the right to elect two directors to serve on the Company’s board of directors. Dividend Rights The Series B Preferred Stock bears cumulative dividends, payable in cash, at a rate equal to (a) 3.25% for the period from the issue date through and including December 31, 2019, (b) 3.50% from January 1, 2020 through and including December 31, 2020, (c) 3.75% from January 1, 2021 through and including December 31, 2021, (d) 4.00% from January 1, 2022 through and including December 31, 2022, (e) 6.50% from January 1, 2023 through and including December 31, 2023, (f) 12.00% from January 1, 2024 through and including December 31, 2024 and (g) 15.00% from and after January 1, 2025. Dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 of each year or, if such date is not a Business Day, on the immediately succeeding Business Day. Presentation The Company has presented its Series B Preferred Stock as temporary equity since the redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock is outside of the control of the Company. 8. Non-Controlling Interests Non-controlling Interests Previously Held by Torchlight In connection with the refinancing of the Company’s debt on October 17, 2016, the REIT through its Operating Partnership as the sole member of Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC and through Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC, was the managing member in 20 LLC with a 0.5% ownership interest. An affiliate of Torchlight held the remaining 99.5% interest in 20 LLC. This 99.5% interest was redeemed on June 14, 2017 by the REIT and 20 LLC is now a single member LLC with Plymouth Industrial 20 Financial LLC as the sole member. The proportionate share of the loss attributed to the non-controlling interest held by Torchlight was $4,674 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The redemption resulted in elimination of the non-controlling interest and an adjustment to equity (deficit) in the amount of $56,795. An adjustment to the redemption price in the first quarter of 2017 was deemed a non-cash capital contribution in the amount of $1,019. Operating Partnership Units Acquisitions In connection with the acquisition of the Shadeland Portfolio on August 11, 2017, the Company, through its Operating Partnership issued 421,438 Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) at $19.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $8,007 to the former owners of the Shadeland Portfolio. In connection with the Cincinnati, Ohio acquisition on October 15, 2018, the Company, through its Operating Partnership issued 626,011 OP Units at $17.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $10,642 to the former owners of the property. The holders of the OP Units are entitled to receive distributions concurrent with the dividends paid on our common stock. The following table sets forth the OP Unit distributions that were declared or paid during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company did not pay any distributions prior to the issuance of the OP Units in connection with the Shadeland Portfolio acquisition on August 11, 2017. F-24 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 8. Non-Controlling Interests (continued) Cash Distributions Declared per OP Unit Aggregate Amount 2018 First quarter ....................................................................................................................... Second quarter .................................................................................................................. Third quarter ..................................................................................................................... Fourth quarter ................................................................................................................... $ $ $ $ 2017 Third quarter ..................................................................................................................... Fourth quarter ................................................................................................................... $ $ 0.375 $ 0.375 $ 0.375 $ 0.375(1) $ 0.375(2) $ 0.375 $ 158 158 158 357 88 158 ____________________ (1) Distributions for the OP Units issued in connection with the Cincinnati, Ohio acquisition were paid on a pro-rated distribution equal to a quarterly distribution of $0.375 per OP Unit or $199 in the aggregate for the quarter ended December 31, 2018. (2) Distributions for the OP Units issued in connection with the Shadeland Portfolio acquisition were paid on a pro-rated distribution equal to a quarterly distribution of $0.375 per OP Unit or $88 in the aggregate for the quarter ended September 30, 2017. The proportionate share of the loss attributed to the partnership units was $2,459 and $646 for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 9. Incentive Award Plan In April 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted, and in June 2014 the Company’s stockholders approved, the 2014 Incentive Award Plan, or Plan, under which the Company may grant cash and equity incentive awards to eligible service providers in order to attract, motivate and retain the talent for which we compete. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or LTIP units of partnership interest in the Company’s Operating Partnership, or LTIP units that are available for issuance under awards granted pursuant to the Plan is 375,000 shares/LTIP units. Shares and units granted under the Plan may be authorized but unissued shares/LTIP units, or, if authorized by the board of directors, shares purchased in the open market. If an award under the Plan is forfeited, expires or is settled for cash, any shares/LTIP units subject to such award may, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration or cash settlement, be used again for new grants under the Plan. However, the following shares/LTIP units may not be used again for grant under the Plan: (1) shares/LTIP units tendered or withheld to satisfy grant or exercise price or tax withholding obligations associated with an award; (2) shares subject to a stock appreciation right, or SAR, that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the SAR on its exercise; and (3) shares purchased on the open market with the cash proceeds from the exercise of options. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan upon the exercise of incentive stock options is 375,000. The Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including incentive stock options, or ISOs, and nonqualified stock options, or NSOs, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, stock payments, restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance shares, other incentive awards, LTIP units, SARs, and cash awards. In addition, the Company will grant its Independent Board of Directors restricted stock as part of their remuneration. Shares granted as part of the Plan vest equally over a four-year period while those granted to the Company’s Independent Board of Directors vest equally over a three-year period. Holders of restricted shares of common stock have voting rights and rights to receive dividends, however, the restricted shares of common stock may not be sold, transferred, assigned or pledged and are subject to forfeiture prior to the respective vesting period. The following table is a summary of the total restricted shares granted for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: Unvested restricted stock at January 1, 2017 Granted ................................................................................................................................................................. Forfeited ................................................................................................................................................................ Vested ................................................................................................................................................................... Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2017 Granted ................................................................................................................................................................. Forfeited ................................................................................................................................................................ Vested ................................................................................................................................................................... Unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2018 Shares — 164,078 — (921) 163,157 3,000 — (42,106) 124,051 F-25 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 9. Incentive Award Plan (continued) The Company recorded equity-based compensation in the amount of $805 and $435 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Equity-based compensation expense for shares issued to employers and directors is based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period of the award. The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s restricted shares of common stock at December 31, 2018 was approximately $1,922 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years. The fair value of the 3,000 restricted shares granted during 2018 was approximately $48 with a weighted average fair value of $16.00 per share. The fair value of the 164,078 restricted shares granted during 2017 was approximately $3,114 with a weighted average fair value of $18.98 per share. The fair value related to the restricted stock was calculated based on the stock price on the date of the grant. 10. Earnings per Share Net loss per Common Share Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows: Numerator Net loss Less: loss attributable to non-controlling interest ........................................................................ Net loss attributable to Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. ............................................................... Less: Preferred stock dividends ................................................................................................... Less: Series B accretion to redemption value .............................................................................. Less: amount allocated to participating securities ........................................................................ Net loss attributable to common stockholders ............................................................................. $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 (21,175) $ (2,459) (18,716) 3,940 359 201 (23,216) $ (14,027) (5,320) (8,707) 723 — 128 (9,558) Denominator Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted ............................................... Earnings per share - Basic and Diluted: Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders .............................................................. $ 4,027,329 2,149,977 (5.76) $ (4.45) The Company uses the two-class method of computing earnings per common share in which participating securities are included within the basic EPS calculation. The amount allocated to participating securities is according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid). The restricted stock does not have any participatory rights in undistributed earnings. Our unvested shares of restricted stock are accounted for as participating securities as they contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends. In periods where there is a net loss, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company’s potential dilutive securities include the 273,004 shares of common stock warrants and 124,051 shares of restricted common stock. The stock warrants and restricted common shares have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effect of including them would reduce the net loss per share. 11. Future Minimum Rental Receipts Under Non-Cancellable Leases The following schedule indicates approximate future minimum rental receipts due under non-cancellable operating leases for real estate properties, by year, as of December 31, 2018: Year ending December 31, Future Minimum Rental Receipts 2019 ......................................................................................................................................................................... $ 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2022 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................................... Thereafter ................................................................................................................................................................. Total minimum rental receipts ................................................................................................................................. $ 45,376 39,984 28,704 19,940 15,836 26,450 176,290 F-26 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 12. Commitments and Contingencies Operating Leases The Company leases space for its corporate office under the terms of a lease. Rental expense for operating leases, including common-area maintenance, was $401 in 2018 and $225 in 2017. The following table sets forth the minimum future annual rental commitments under the operating lease as of December 31, 2018. 2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................. $ 2020 ............................................................................................................................................................................. $ 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................. $ 2022 ............................................................................................................................................................................. $ 2023 ............................................................................................................................................................................. $ Thereafter ..................................................................................................................................................................... $ 378 385 393 400 407 519 Employment Agreements The Company has entered into employment agreements with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Investment Officer, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. As approved by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors the agreements provide for base salaries ranging from $200 to $300 annually with discretionary cash performance awards. The agreements contain provisions for equity awards, general benefits, and termination and severance provisions, consistent with similar positions and companies. Legal Proceedings The Company is not currently party to any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred the costs related to such legal proceedings. Contingent Liability In conjunction with the issuance of the OP Units for the Shadeland Portfolio and Cincinnati, Ohio acquisitions, the agreements contain a provision for the Company to provide tax protection to the holders if the acquired properties are sold in a transaction that would result in the recognition of taxable income or gain prior to the sixth anniversary of the acquisition. The Company intends to hold this investment and has no plans to sell or transfer any interest that would give rise to a taxable transaction. 13. Retirement Plan The Company in December, 2014 established an individual SEP IRA retirement account plan for all employees. The Company has accrued a contribution for 2018 in the amount of $190 and an amount of $260 for 2017, which is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has no control or administrative responsibility related to the individual accounts and is not obligated to fund them in future years. 14. Subsequent Events On January 4, 2019, the Company acquired a single Class B industrial property, consisting of approximately 73,785 square feet, located in Chicago, Illinois for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5,425. On February 28, 2019 the Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.46875 per share, or an annualized dividend of $1.875 per share, for the Company’s Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock for the first quarter of 2019. The dividend is payable on April 1, 2019 to stockholders of record on March 15, 2019. F-27 Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. Real Estate Properties and Accumulated Depreciation December 31, 2018 and 2017 ($ in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2017 2018 Real Estate Balance at the beginning of the year ............................................................................................ $ 303,402 $ 139,086 Additions during the year ............................................................................................................. Deductions due to sale of real estate ............................................................................................ 153,305 (4,097) 164,316 — Balance at the end of the year ...................................................................................................... $ 452,610 $ 303,402 Accumulated Depreciation Balance at the beginning of the year ............................................................................................ $ 25,013 $ 16,027 Depreciation expense ................................................................................................................... Deductions due to sale of real estate ............................................................................................ 16,477 (211) 8,986 — Balance at the end of the year ...................................................................................................... $ 41,279 $ 25,013 F-30 EXECUTIVE TEAM Jeffrey E. Witherell Chairman and CEO Pendleton P. White, Jr. President and CIO Daniel C. Wright Executive VP and CFO James M. Connolly Senior VP, Asset Management Anne A. Hayward, Esq. Senior VP and General Counsel BOARD OF DIRECTORS Independent Martin Barber Independent Director Philip S. Cottone Independent Director Richard J. DeAgazio Independent Director David G. Gaw Independent Director Inside Jeffrey E. Witherell Chairman and CEO Pendleton P. White, Jr. President and CIO Corporate Headquarters 260 Franklin Street, Suite 700 Boston, Massachusetts 02110 617-340-3814 www.plymouthreit.com Ohio Regional Office 629 North High Street 4th Floor, Office 25 Columbus, Ohio 43215 Florida Regional Office 5210 Belfort Road, Suite 130 Jacksonville, Florida 32256 Legal Counsel Winston & Strawn LLP Dallas, Texas www.winston.com Brown Rudnick LLP Boston, Massachusetts www.brownrudnick.com Dentons US LLP Dallas, Texas www.dentons.com Auditors Marcum LLP Boston, Massachusetts www.marcumllp.com Transfer Agent Continental Stock Transfer & Trust New York, New York www.continentalstock.com Investor Relations Tripp Sullivan SCR Partners, LLC 615-760-1104 PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC. 260 Franklin Street, Suite 700 Boston, Massachusetts 02110 617-340-3814 www.plymouthreit.com 

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