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PriceSmart

psmt · NASDAQ Consumer Defensive
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Ticker psmt
Exchange NASDAQ
Sector Consumer Defensive
Industry Discount Stores
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2019 Annual Report · PriceSmart
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B u s i n e s s M e m b e r

Diamond Member

2019

Annual Repor t

December 20, 2019 

Dear PriceSmart Stockholders, 

For  the  fiscal  year  ended August  31,  2019,  our  Company  recorded  total  revenues  of  $3.22  billion,  a  1.8%  increase 
compared to the prior year of $3.17 billion.  Earnings per share for fiscal year 2019 were $2.40 per share compared to $2.44 per 
share a year earlier. Our fiscal year ending balance sheet included $102.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and a Company 
net worth attributable to the Company’s stockholders of $797.4 million.  

We currently have 45 PriceSmart warehouse clubs in 12 countries and the United States Virgin Islands.  Within the past 
12 months, we opened four new PriceSmart locations.  We have also announced four additional PriceSmarts scheduled to open 
during calendar 2020. 

During the past fiscal year and continuing into fiscal 2020, we have focused on strengthening our executive management 
team,  opening  new  locations,  improving  inventory  management,  expanding  the  range  of  goods  and  services  we  offer  our 
members, and investing in technology and development of our e-commerce platform.  Following is a brief overview of these 
priorities, which continue to occupy our attention in fiscal year 2020. 

In January 2019, our Board of Directors named Sherry S. Bahrambeygui to be our Chief Executive Officer.  Sherry has 
done a great job in addressing our Company’s priorities while leading our management team and building Company spirit.  We 
recently  promoted Ana  Luisa  Bianchi  to  Executive Vice  President  of  Merchandising.   Ana  began  her  PriceSmart  career  as  a 
founding employee of our Guatemala business more than 20 years ago.  Our Chief Financial Officer, Maarten Jager, informed 
the Company he is resigning because he is getting married early next year and has made the decision to move back east to be 
closer to family.  We continue to work on naming a replacement for the position of Chief Financial Officer.  Michael McCleary, 
our Senior Vice President - Corporate Controller and PriceSmart veteran of 16 years, has been appointed Interim Chief Financial 
Officer for this transition period. 

As noted above, we have opened four new PriceSmart locations within the past 12 months.  We also have announced 
openings for an additional four locations within the next 12 months; two in Colombia (Bogota and Bucaramanga) and one each 
in Costa Rica and Jamaica.  Two of our recently opened PriceSmarts utilize our smaller club format, of which one is in a rural 
area  of  Panama  and  the  other  in  an  urban  neighborhood  in  Santo  Domingo,  Dominican  Republic.    We  are  studying  the 
performance of both locations regarding sales and expense characteristics. 

Because we do business in so many countries and source merchandise from all over the world, merchandise logistics is 
a particularly demanding aspect of our business.  Logistics affects everything  – sales,  pricing, attained  margin, expenses and 
inventory levels.  To improve merchandise flow, we are investing in better technology and relying more on in-country distribution 
centers.  Our goal is to improve in-stock conditions, reduce overstocks and bring products to our markets more quickly. 

Something that we have been working on to increase sales and better serve our members is expanding our selection of 
products and services, both in our clubs and online.  We are now moving forward to locate optical centers in most PriceSmart 
locations.  We believe there are many opportunities to improve the value of the PriceSmart membership card for both business 
and family members through understanding and responding to our members’ needs. 

In  some  respects,  the  application  of  technology  to  our  business  is  the  most  demanding  challenge  we  face.  We  are 
addressing the opportunity afforded by technology in two ways, improving back office efficiency and responding to our members’ 
desire for more product selection and more shopping convenience as can be enabled by an e-commerce platform.  We realize that 
capitalizing on the benefits of technology is neither easy, fast nor inexpensive.  We are taking a long-term view to position our 
Company, through technology, to be more efficient and to improve the purchasing experience for our members.   

Our Company is highly mission driven both to maximize the value of the membership card for our members and to 
improve the quality of life for our nearly 9,000 employees.  Most of our employees work at our PriceSmart locations.  They are 
extremely hard working, loyal and dedicated.  Our Company is committed to our employees as demonstrated by our goals of 
paying good wages, providing good benefits and ensuring a high quality work environment and opportunities for advancement 
for all of our employees.  We take our responsibility to our employees very seriously. 

Our Company operates its business in countries that  face  many challenges.   We are  committed to  high  standards of 
business practices, ethics and social responsibility.  We are especially proud of our school supply program, Aprender y Crecer, 
which has provided school supplies to children in PriceSmart communities.  This year alone, more than 100,000 school students 
in  PriceSmart  countries  received  their  entire  requirements  for  school  supplies  free  as  a  result  of  support  from  my  family’s 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
foundation, Price Philanthropies Foundation, and the cash donations of thousands of PriceSmart members.  We recognize that 
there is much more we can be doing to promote social progress including helping to protect the environment.  We look forward 
to identifying more opportunities to contribute to the welfare of our communities. 

As I think about this past year and look to the future, I feel extremely grateful that we have been given such a unique 
opportunity to improve the quality of life  for our  members and employees,  to  make  socially responsible contributions in the 
communities in which we operate and provide a good investment opportunity for our shareholders. 

On behalf of myself, Sherry S. Bahrambeygui and our Board of Directors, I want to take this opportunity to thank you, 

our shareholders, and to extend our best wishes for a joyful holiday season. 

Sincerely, 

Robert E. Price 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND 
OTHER INFORMATION 
August 31, 2019 

Selected Financial Data 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2019 and 2018  
Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2019 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2019 
Consolidated Statements of Equity for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2019 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended August 31, 2019 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 
Additional Information 
Directors & Officers of PriceSmart, Inc. 

Page 
1 
3 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
F-37 
74 
77 
78 

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[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

PRICESMART, INC. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

The  selected  consolidated  financial  data  presented  below is  derived  from  the  Company's  consolidated  financial 
statements and accompanying notes. This selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management's Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying 
notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. 

2019 (3) 

Years Ended August 31, 
2017 
(in thousands, except income per common share) 

2018 (1)(2)   

2016 

2015 

OPERATING RESULTS DATA: 
Net merchandise sales  
Export sales 
Membership income 
Other revenue and income 
Total revenues 
Total cost of goods sold  
Selling, general and administrative  
Pre-opening expenses 
Asset impairment 
Loss/(gain) on disposal of assets 
Operating income 
Total other income (expense) 
Income before provision for income taxes and 
income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates  
Provision for income taxes 
Income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 
Net income 
Less: net income (loss) attributable to 
noncontrolling interest 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO 
PRICESMART, INC. PER SHARE 
AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION: 
Basic  
Diluted  
Weighted average common shares - basic 
Weighted average common shares - diluted 

  $   3,091,648   $   3,053,754   $   2,910,062   $   2,820,740   $   2,721,132 
 33,279 
 43,673 
 4,519 
 2,802,603 
 2,352,839 
 297,656 
 3,737 
 — 
 2,005 
 146,366 
 (9,770) 

 33,813  
 45,781  
 4,842  
 2,905,176  
 2,449,626  
 316,474  
 1,191  
 —  
 1,162  
 136,723  
 (5,483)  

 40,581  
 50,821  
 21,546  
 3,166,702  
 2,656,520  
 379,949  
 913  
 1,929  
 1,339  
 126,052  
 (3,464)  

 30,981  
 52,149  
 49,140  
 3,223,918  
 2,695,691  
 409,255  
 2,726  
 —  
 1,079  
 115,167  
 (4,057)  

 34,244  
 47,743  
 4,579  
 2,996,628  
 2,519,752  
 338,642  
 44  
 —  
 1,961  
 136,229  
 (3,486)  

 111,110  
 (37,560)  
 (61)  
 73,489   $ 

 122,588  
 (48,177)  
 (8)  
 74,403   $ 

 132,743  
 (42,018)  
 (1)  
 90,724   $ 

 131,240  
 (42,849)  
 332  
 88,723   $ 

 136,596 
 (47,566) 
 94 
 89,124 

 (298)  
 73,191   $ 

 (75)  
 74,328   $ 

 —  
 90,724   $ 

 —  
 88,723   $ 

 — 
 89,124 

 2.40   $ 
 2.40   $ 

 2.44   $ 
 2.44   $ 

 2.98   $ 
 2.98   $ 

 2.92   $ 
 2.92   $ 

 30,195  
 30,195  

 30,115  
 30,115  

 30,020  
 30,023  

 29,928  
 29,933  

 2.95 
 2.95 
 29,848 
 29,855 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

(1)  U.S. Tax Reform in December 2017 resulted in a reduction in the tax rate from 35% to 21% and may have a beneficial impact on the 
Company in the future. However, in fiscal year 2018, we incurred charges of $12.5 million due to a one time transitional tax on unremitted 
foreign earnings and of $222,000 to reduce the value of deferred tax assets due to the reduction in U.S. tax rates.   

(2)  On March 15, 2018, the Company acquired technology, talent, and cross-border logistics infrastructure that operated a marketplace and 
casillero business. Investments in the technology, talent, and infrastructure to expand our omni-channel capabilities, together with the 
operating  results  from  the  marketplace  and  casillero  business,  negatively  impacted  Net  income  attributable  to  PriceSmart,  Inc.  by 
$9.3 million in for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018.  

(3)  During fiscal year 2019, Other revenue and income increased in comparison to 2018 due to the inclusion of an additional six and a half 
months of non-merchandise revenues from our marketplace and casillero business. Investments in the technology, talent, and infrastructure 
to  expand  our  omni-channel  capabilities,  together  with  the  operating  results  from  the  marketplace  and  casillero  business,  negatively 
impacted Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. by $14.5 million in for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019. 

1 

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA- (Continued) 

2019 

2018 

As of August 31, 
2017 
(in thousands) 

2016 

2015 

BALANCE SHEET DATA: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term investments 
Short-term and long-term restricted cash 
Total Assets 
Long-term debt 
Total PriceSmart stockholders’ equity 
attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. stockholders 
Dividends paid on common stock attributable 
to PriceSmart, Inc. stockholders(1) 

  $ 

 102,653   $ 
 17,045  
 3,583  
 1,296,411  
 89,586  

 93,460   $ 
 32,304  
 3,454  
 1,216,392  
 102,575  

 162,434   $ 
 —  
 3,278  
 1,177,514  
 106,297  

 199,522   $ 
 —  
 3,194  
 1,096,735  
 88,107  

 157,072 
 — 
 1,525 
 991,224 
 90,534 

 797,351  

 758,002  

 708,767  

 638,071  

 566,584 

  $ 

 21,341   $ 

 21,240   $ 

 21,285   $ 

 21,274   $ 

 21,126 

(1)  On January 30, 2019, January 24, 2018, February 1, 2017, February 3, 2016, and February 4, 2015 the Company declared cash dividends 

on its common stock. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

This annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements concerning PriceSmart, Inc.'s ("PriceSmart", the 
"Company" or "we") anticipated future revenues and earnings, adequacy of future cash flows, proposed warehouse club openings, 
the Company's performance relative to competitors and related matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not 
limited to, statements containing the words “expect,” “believe,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipated,” 
“scheduled,” and like expressions, and the negative thereof. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could 
cause actual results to differ materially including, but not limited to the risks detailed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under 
the heading “Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors.” Forward-looking statements are only as of the date they are made, and we do not 
undertake to update these statements, except as required by law. In addition, these risks are not the only risks that the Company 
faces. The Company could also be affected by additional factors that apply to all companies operating globally and in the U.S., 
as well as other risks that are not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently considers to be immaterial. 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the 

accompanying notes included therein. 

General Market Factors 

Our  sales  and  profits  vary  from  market  to  market  depending  on  general  economic  factors,  including  GDP  growth; 
consumer preferences; foreign currency exchange rates; political policies and social conditions; local demographic characteristics 
(such as population growth); the number of years we have operated in a particular market; and the level of retail and wholesale 
competition in that market. 

Currency fluctuations can be one of the largest variables affecting our overall sales and profit performance, as we have 
experienced in prior fiscal years, because many of our markets are susceptible to foreign currency exchange rate volatility. During 
fiscal year 2019, approximately 77.0% of our net merchandise sales were in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Of those sales, 
52.0% were comprised of sales of products we purchased in U.S. dollars. 

A devaluation of local currency reduces the value of sales and membership income that is generated in that country 
when translated to U.S. dollars for our consolidated results.  In addition, when local currency experiences devaluation, we may 
elect to increase the local currency price of imported merchandise to maintain our target margins, which could impact demand 
for the merchandise affected by the price increase. We may also modify the mix of imported versus local merchandise and/or the 
source of imported merchandise to mitigate the impact of currency fluctuations. Information about the effect of local currenc y 
devaluations is discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  - Net 
Merchandise Sales and Comparable Sales.”  

From time to time, one or more markets in which we operate may experience economic slowdowns, which can negatively 
impact our business. Most countries in our Central America segment experienced general market conditions that resulted in a 
difficult operating environment during fiscal year 2019. Increasing foreign currency exchange volatility, slowing global economy 
activity and trade, decreasing levels of public investment and tax reform stalled economic growth for most of our countries in 
this region. Our Colombia segment, in particular, experienced significant foreign currency exchange volatility during fiscal year 
2019, which negatively affected reported sales growth for that segment.  

Our capture of total retail and wholesale sales can vary from market to market due to competition and the availability of 
other  shopping  options  for  our  members.    In  larger,  more  developed  countries,  such  as  Costa  Rica,  Dominican  Republic, 
Guatemala, Panama and Colombia, customers may have more alternatives available to them to satisfy their shopping needs, than 
in other smaller countries, such as Jamaica and Nicaragua, where consumers have a limited number of shopping options. 

Demographic characteristics within each of our markets can also affect both the overall level of sales and also future 
sales growth opportunities.  Island countries such as Aruba, Barbados and the U.S. Virgin Islands offer us limited upside for sales 
growth given their overall market size.  Countries with a smaller upper and middle class consumer population, such as Honduras, 
El Salvador, Jamaica and Nicaragua, offer growth potential but they may have a more limited potential opportunity for sales 
growth as compared to more developed countries with larger upper and middle class consumer populations.  

Political and other factors in  each of our  markets  may have significant effects on our business.  For example, labor 
strikes in Costa Rica disrupted normal commerce in September 2018. Social unrest in Honduras in May 2019 caused similar 
disruptions to commerce. U.S. foreign policy can also have an impact on social and economic stability in the countries where we 
operate.  In  2018,  U.S.  legislation  was  approved  to  restrict  U.S.  aid  to  Nicaragua. Additionally,  during  2019,  the  U.S.  State 
Department has announced varying strategies regarding if, when and how it would authorize disbursement of foreign aid, that 
had been previously approved by the U.S. Congress, to Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.  Changes in U.S. policies regarding 
financial assistance could cause political or financial instability in the countries we serve. 

3 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the past, we have experienced a lack of availability of U.S. dollars in certain markets (U.S. dollar illiquidity).  This 
impedes  our  ability  to  convert  local  currencies  obtained  through  merchandise  sales  into  U.S.  dollars  to  settle  the  U.S.  dollar 
liabilities  associated  with  our  imported  products,  increasing  our  foreign  exchange  exposure  to  any  devaluation  of  the  local 
currency relative to the U.S. dollar.  We continued to experience this situation in Trinidad (“TT”) during fiscal year 2019.  We 
are working with our banks in Trinidad to source tradeable currencies (including Euros, British Pounds, and Canadian dollars), 
but until the central bank in Trinidad makes more U.S. dollars available, this illiquidity condition is likely to continue. As of 
August 31, 2019, our Trinidad subsidiary had a net Trinidad dollar denominated asset position measured in USD of approximately 
$24.9 million,  a  decrease  of  $15.4  million  from  August 31,  2018  when  our  Trinidad  subsidiary  had  net  Trinidad  dollar 
denominated asset position of approximately $40.3 million. We are carefully monitoring the situation, which may require us to 
limit future shipments from the U.S. to Trinidad in line with our ability to exchange Trinidad dollars for tradeable currencies to 
manage our exposure to any potential devaluation.   

Mission and Business Strategy 

Our mission is to improve the quality of life for our business and family members. To do this, we make available a wide 
range of high quality merchandise sourced from around the world at exceptional values. The annual membership fee enables us 
to  operate  our  business,  offer  a  tailored  selection  of  products,  and  services,  with  lower  margins  than  traditional  retail 
stores.   Through  the  use  of  technology  and  the  development  of  an  omni-channel  platform,  we  are  pursuing  opportunities  to 
respond to how our members expect to shop, create additional efficiencies in the supply chain and increase our significance in 
our members’ lives. We are working to create a shopping experience that blends the attributes and appeal of our brick and mortar 
business with the conveniences associated with technology-supported transactions and online shopping. 

Growth 

We measure our growth primarily by the amount of the period-over-period activity in our net merchandise sales, our 
comparable store net merchandise sales and our membership income. Our investments are focused on the long-term growth of 
the Company. These investments can impact near-term results, such as when we incur fixed costs in advance of achieving full 
projected sales, negatively impacting near-term operating profit and net income, or when we open a new warehouse club in an 
existing market, which can reduce reported comparable net merchandise sales due to the transfer of sales from existing warehouse 
clubs.  

Current and Future Management Actions 

Logistics  and  distribution  efficiencies  are  fundamental  to  delivering  high  quality  merchandise  at  low  prices  to  our 
members.    We  continue  to  explore  ways  to  improve  efficiency,  reduce  costs  and  ensure  a  good  flow  of  merchandise  to  our 
warehouse clubs. As we continue to refine our logistics and distribution infrastructure, we are exploring ways to improve our 
supply chain effectiveness through regional distribution centers that place our merchandise closer to our members.   

Purchasing land and constructing warehouse clubs is generally our largest ongoing capital investment.  Securing land 
for warehouse club locations is challenging within our markets, especially in Colombia, because suitable sites at economically 
feasible prices are difficult to find. We believe real estate ownership provides a number of advantages as compared to leasing, 
including lower operating expenses, flexibility to expand or otherwise enhance our buildings, long-term control over the use of 
the property and the residual value that the real estate may have in future years. While our preference is to own rather than lease 
real estate, we have entered into real estate leases in certain cases and will likely do so in the future.   

In 2017, we began evaluating options to replace our existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. We have 
deferred that decision in order to more holistically assess our overall IT landscape and strategy. Nevertheless, we continue to 
enhance our IT systems and infrastructure to respond to evolving business requirements in a manner we believe to be consistent 
with a future ERP migration process. 

We are investing in digital transformation, including omni-channel capabilities that enable e-commerce, by integrating 
technology, talent, supply chain and operations to enhance the membership shopping experience, drive efficiencies and fuel sales 
growth.  Our focus will be on launching these omni-channel capabilities in a methodical phased manner. 

4 

 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Financial highlights for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 included: 

(cid:120)  Total revenues increased 3.0% over the comparable prior year period. Net merchandise sales contributed 400 basis points 
(4.0%) to this increase; however, this increase was offset by a decrease in export sales, which contributed a 100 basis 
points (1.0%) decrease to total revenues. 

(cid:120)  Net merchandise sales increased 3.7% over the comparable prior year period. We ended the quarter with 43 warehouse 
clubs compared to 41 warehouse clubs at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018. Foreign currency exchange 
rate fluctuations impacted net merchandise sales negatively by 2.6%.  

(cid:120)  Comparable  net  merchandise  sales  (that  is,  sales  in  the  warehouse  clubs  that  have  been  open  for  greater  than  13  ½  
calendar  months)  for  the  13  weeks  ended  September 1,  2019  increased  1.5%.  Foreign  currency  exchange  rate 
fluctuations impacted comparable net merchandise sales negatively by 2.7%.  

(cid:120)  Membership income  for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 increased 4.2% to $13.4 million primarily due to new 

member sign-ups for the club openings in Panama and the Dominican Republic.  

(cid:120)  Merchandise gross profits (net merchandise sales less associated cost of goods sold) in the quarter increased 7.1% over 
the prior-year period, and merchandise gross profits as a percent of net merchandise sales were 15.2%, an increase of 
50 basis points (0.5%) from the same period in the prior year.  

(cid:120)  Operating income for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 was $32.0 million, an increase of $4.8 million compared to 

the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018.  

(cid:120)  We recorded a $454,000 net currency gain from currency transactions in the current quarter compared to a $211,000 net 
currency gain in the same period last year, primarily due to a favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation in 
Jamaica. 

(cid:120)  Our effective tax rate increased in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 to 34.1% from 27.5% in the fourth quarter of 
fiscal year 2018.  The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily related  to the unfavorable impact from valuation 
allowances on deferred tax assets from foreign tax credits that, incidental to U.S. Tax Reform, are no longer deemed 
recoverable, offset by U.S. Tax Reform rate reduction and tax incentives. 

(cid:120)  Net income attributable to PriceSmart for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019 was $20.7 million, or $0.67 per diluted 

share, compared to $19.0 million, or $0.62 per diluted share, in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018.  

Financial highlights for fiscal year 2019 included: 

(cid:120)  Total revenues increased 1.8% over the comparable prior year period. Net merchandise sales contributed 120 basis points 
(1.2%) of the increase and the remaining 60 basis points (0.6%) increase resulted from the inclusion of the full-year 
revenues from the marketplace and casillero operations that we acquired in March 2018. 

(cid:120)  Net merchandise sales increased 1.2% over the comparable prior year period.  We ended the year with 43 warehouse 
clubs compared to 41 warehouse clubs at the end of the fiscal year 2018. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations 
impacted net merchandise sales negatively by 3.2%.   

(cid:120)  Comparable  net  merchandise  sales  (that  is,  sales  in  the  warehouse  clubs  that  have  been  open  for  greater  than  13  ½  
calendar  months)  for  the  52  weeks  ended  September 1,  2019  decreased  0.6%.  Foreign  currency  exchange  rate 
fluctuations impacted comparable net merchandise sales negatively by 3.2%.  

(cid:120)  Membership income for the fiscal year 2019 increased 2.6% to $52.1 million primarily due to new member sign-ups for 

the club openings in Panama and the Dominican Republic. 

(cid:120)  Merchandise gross profits (net merchandise sales less associated cost of goods sold) decreased 0.2% over the same prior 
year period, and merchandise gross profits as a percent of net merchandise sales  were 14.3%, a decrease of 20 basis 
points (0.2%) from the same period last year. 

(cid:120)  Operating income for fiscal year 2019 was $115.2 million, a decrease of $10.9 million compared to fiscal year 2018. 
(cid:120)  Currency exchange transactions in the current year resulted in a $1.5 million net currency loss compared to a $192,000 
net  gain  from currency exchange  transactions last  year primarily due to  unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate 
fluctuations in Jamaica, Dominican Republic and Colombia. 

(cid:120)  The  effective  tax  rate  for  fiscal  year  2019  was  33.8%,  as  compared  to  the  effective  tax  rate  for  fiscal  year  2018  of 
39.3%. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily related to the nonrecurrence of the U.S. Tax Reform Transition 
Tax  and  the  U.S.  Tax  Reform  rate  reduction  and  tax  incentives,  offset  by  the  unfavorable  impact  from  valuation 
allowances on deferred tax assets from  excess foreign tax  credits that, incidental to U.S. Tax Reform, are no longer 
deemed recoverable.  

(cid:120)  Net income attributable to PriceSmart for fiscal year 2019 was $73.2 million, or $2.40 per diluted share, compared to 

$74.3 million, or $2.44 per diluted share, in the prior year. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial highlights for fiscal year 2018 included: 

(cid:120)  Total  revenues  increased  5.7%  over  the  comparable  prior  year  period.  0.6%  of  this  increase  was  the  result  of 
approximately $16.9 million in non-merchandise revenue from our Aeropost operations acquired in March 2018. 
(cid:120)  Net merchandise sales increased 4.9% over the comparable prior year period.  We ended the year with 41 warehouse 

clubs compared to 39 warehouse clubs at the end of the fiscal year 2017.   

(cid:120)  Comparable  net  merchandise  sales  (that  is,  sales  in  the  warehouse  clubs  that  have  been  open  for  greater  than  13  ½  

calendar months) for the 52 weeks ended September 2, 2018 increased 2.3%. 
(cid:120)  Membership income for the fiscal year 2018 increased 6.4% to $50.8 million. 
(cid:120)  Merchandise gross profits (net merchandise sales less associated cost of goods sold) increased 4.9% over the same prior 
year period, and merchandise gross profits as a percent of net merchandise sales were 14.5% which is unchanged from 
fiscal year 2017. 

(cid:120)  Operating income for fiscal year 2018 was $126.1 million, a decrease of $10.2 million compared to fiscal year 2017. 
(cid:120)  Currency exchange transactions in the current year resulted in a $192,000 net currency gain compared to a $1.2 million 

net gain from currency exchange transactions in the prior year. 

(cid:120)  The effective tax rate for fiscal year 2018 was 39.3%, as compared to the effective tax rate for fiscal year 2017 of 31.7%.  
(cid:120)  Net income attributable to PriceSmart for fiscal year 2018 was $74.3 million, or $2.44 per diluted share, compared to 

$90.7 million, or $2.98 per diluted share, in the prior year. 

Comparison of Fiscal Year 2019 to 2018 and Fiscal Year 2018 to 2017  

The  following  discussion  and  analysis  compares  the  results  of  operations  for  each  of  the  three  fiscal  years  ended 
August 31,  2019,  2018 and  2017  and  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the 
accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report. Unless otherwise noted, all tables present U.S. dollar amounts in thousands.  
Certain percentages presented are calculated using actual results prior to rounding.  Our operations  consist of four reportable 
segments: Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia and the United States.  The Company’s reportable segments are based on 
management’s  organization  of  these  locations  into  operating  segments  by  general  geographic  location,  which  are  used  by 
management  and  the  Company's  chief  operating  decision  maker  in  setting  up  management  lines  of  responsibility,  providing 
support services, and making operational decisions and assessments of financial performance.  Segment amounts are presented 
after converting to U.S. dollars and consolidating eliminations.  From time to time, we revise the measurement of each segment's 
operating  income,  including  certain  corporate  overhead  allocations,  and  other  measures  as  determined  by  the  information 
regularly  reviewed  by  our  chief  operating  decision  maker.  When  we  do  so,  the  previous  period  amounts  and  balances  are 
reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. 

Net Merchandise Sales 

The following tables indicate the net merchandise club sales in the reportable segments in which we operate, and the 

percentage growth in net merchandise sales by segment during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017. 

Years Ended 

August 31, 2019 

August 31, 2018 

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Net merchandise sales 

  $ 

  $ 

Amount 

 1,789,943  
 919,395  
 382,310  
 3,091,648  

% of net 
sales 
 57.9  %   $ 
 29.7 
 12.4 
 100.0  %   $ 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
from 
prior year 

  Change 

 (15,385)  
 53,275  
 4  
 37,894  

 (0.9)  %   $ 
 6.2 
 0.0 
 1.2  %   $ 

Years Ended 

Amount 
 1,805,328  
 866,120  
 382,306  
 3,053,754  

% of net 
sales 
 59.1  % 
 28.4 
 12.5 
 100.0  % 

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Net merchandise sales 

  $ 

  $ 

Amount 

 1,805,328  
 866,120  
 382,306  
 3,053,754  

August 31, 2018 

August 31, 2017 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
from 
prior year 

  Change 

 48,612  
 50,856  
 44,224  
 143,692  

 2.8  %   $ 
 6.2 
 13.1 

 4.9  %   $ 

Amount 
 1,756,716  
 815,264  
 338,082  
 2,910,062  

% of net 
sales 
 60.4  % 
 28.0 
 11.6 

 100.0  % 

% of net 
sales 
 59.1  %   $ 
 28.4 
 12.5 
 100.0  %   $ 

6 

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
    
    
 
   
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
    
    
 
   
    
    
 
Comparison of 2019 and 2018 

Overall net merchandise sales grew by 1.2% for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018, resulting from a  2.9% 
increase in transactions offset by a 1.7% decrease in average ticket. In addition, we had 43 clubs in operation as of August 31, 
2019 compared to 41 clubs as of August 31, 2018.  

Net merchandise sales in our Central America segment decreased  0.9% for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 
2018. These declines had a 50 basis point (0.5%) negative impact on total net merchandise sales growth. Economic weakness, 
currency devaluation and political instability led to decreased sales within our Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, and Nicaragua 
markets, offset by year-on-year increased merchandise sales within our El Salvador and Honduras markets. 

Net merchandise sales in our Caribbean segment grew 6.2% for fiscal year 2019, when compared to fiscal year 2018. 
This increase had a 170 basis point (1.7%) positive impact on total net merchandise sales growth. Our Jamaica and Dominican 
Republic markets led the way in this segment by having 11.5% and 11.6% growth, respectively. In the Dominican Republic, we 
launched our fifth club in June 2019, while Jamaica had exceptional comparable net merchandise sales growth of 11.6%. With 
the exception of our Barbados market, all other markets within this segment showed increased net merchandise sales year-on-
year. 

Net merchandise sales in our Colombia segment experienced no material change for fiscal year 2019, when compared 
to fiscal year 2018. Net merchandise sales in our Colombia segment had no material impact on total net merchandise sales growth. 
The minimal growth for fiscal year 2019 is due to significant unfavorable foreign currency devaluation of the Colombian peso 
during the year. 

Comparison of 2018 and 2017 

Overall net merchandise sales grew by 4.9% for fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017, resulting from a 3.7% 

increase in transactions and a 1.2% increase in average ticket. 

Net  merchandise sales in our Central  America segment increased 2.8% for fiscal  year 2018 compared to fiscal  year 
2017. General weakness in Panama, one of our largest markets in that segment, and social unrest starting in May 2018 within our 
Nicaragua market, resulted in negative combined growth within those two countries of 0.7% when compared to the prior year.  
All other Central American markets recorded positive growth in warehouse sales for the twelve-month period, with Costa Rica, 
Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador together recording sales growth of greater than 3.5%.   

Our Caribbean segment net merchandise sales increased 6.2% in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017, driven 
by sales increases within all of our markets in the segment, with the exception of our Barbados market. The difficult economic 
environment that affected fiscal year 2017 has improved, though we continue to closely monitor shipments of U.S. goods into 
our Trinidad market, as a result of continued currency illiquidity in that market.  Trinidad net merchandise sales for fiscal year 
2018 increased 2.2% when compared to the same period last year.  The Company is not currently limiting shipments to Trinidad, 
but illiquidity concerns remain, which may again cause us to restrict shipments in the future. 

Our Colombia segment’s net merchandise sales increased 13.1% in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017.  With 
the stabilization of the exchange rate between the Colombian peso and the U.S. dollar over the past two years, we have seen an 
improving  sales  picture  in  all  of  our  warehouse  clubs  in  Colombia.  This,  coupled  with  our  efforts  to  source  high  quality 
merchandise  from local suppliers, resulted in  an 8.9% increase in transactions in the fiscal year  and average ticket growth of 
3.9%.  

Comparison of 2019 and 2018 in Constant Currency 

In discussing our operating results, the term “currency exchange rates” refers to the currency exchange rates we use to 
convert the operating results for all countries where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar into U.S. dollars. We calculate 
the effect of changes in currency exchange rates as the difference between current period activities translated using the current 
period's currency exchange rates, and the comparable prior year period's currency exchange  rates. The disclosure of constant 
currency amounts or results permits investors to better understand our underlying performance without the effects of currency 
exchange rate fluctuations.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table indicates the impact that currency exchange rates had on our net merchandise sales in dollars and 

the percentage change from the year ended August 31, 2019. 

Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations for the 
Twelve Months Ended 
August 31, 2019 

Amount 

% change to prior year 

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Net merchandise sales 

$ 

$ 

 (48,622)  
 (11,039)  
 (37,651)  
 (97,312)  

 (2.7) % 
 (1.3)  
 (9.8)  
 (3.2) % 

Overall, the effects of currency devaluations within our markets had an approximate $97.3 million or 320 basis  point 

(3.2%) negative constant currency impact on net merchandise sales for the year ended August 31, 2019. 

Currency  devaluations  had  a  $48.6  million  or  270  basis  point  (2.7%)  negative  constant  currency  impact  on  net 
merchandise sales in our Central America segment for the year ended August 31, 2019. The currency devaluations contributed 
approximately  160  basis  points  (1.6%)  of  the  total  negative  impact  on  total  net  merchandise  sales.  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala, 
Honduras and our Nicaragua markets all experienced currency devaluation when compared to the same period last year.   

Currency devaluations had an $11.0 million or 130 basis point (1.3%) negative constant currency impact on reported 
net  merchandise  sales  in our  Caribbean segment  for the  year ended August 31, 2019. The currency devaluations contributed 
approximately 40 basis points (0.4%) of the total negative impact on total net merchandise sales. This is reflective of the offsetting 
devaluation and appreciation of the mix of currencies within the markets in this segment when compared to the same period a 
year ago.  

Currency  devaluations  had  a  $37.7  million  or  980  basis  point  (9.8%)  negative  constant  currency  impact  on  net 
merchandise  sales  in  our  Colombia  segment  for  the  year  ended  August 31,  2019.  The  currency  devaluations  contributed 
approximately 120 basis points (1.2%) to the total negative impact on total net merchandise sales. 

Comparison of 2018 and 2017 in Constant Currency 

The following table indicates the impact that currency exchange rates had on our net merchandise sales in dollars and 

the percentage change from the year ended August 31, 2018. 

Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations for the 
Twelve Months Ended 
August 31, 2018 

Amount 

% change  

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Net merchandise sales 

$ 

$ 

 (14,051)  
 (7,650)  
 7,558  
 (14,143)  

 (0.8) % 
 (0.9)  
 2.0  
 (0.5) % 

Overall, the effects of currency devaluations within our markets had an approximate $14.1 million or 50 basis point 

(0.5%) negative constant currency impact on net merchandise sales for the year ended August 31, 2018. 

Currency  devaluations  had  a  $14.1  million  or  80  basis  point  (0.8%)  negative  constant  currency  impact  on  net 
merchandise sales in our Central America segment for the year ended August 31, 2018. The currency devaluations contributed 
approximately 50 basis points (0.5%) of the total negative impact on total net merchandise sales.  

Currency devaluations had a $7.7 million or 90 basis point (0.9%) negative constant currency impact on reported net 
merchandise  sales  in  our  Caribbean  segment  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2018.  The  currency  devaluations  contributed 
approximately 30 basis points (0.3%) of the total negative impact on total net merchandise sales.  

Currency appreciation had a $7.6 million or 20 basis point (0.2%) positive constant currency impact on net merchandise 
sales in our Colombia segment for the year ended August 31, 2018. The currency appreciations contributed approximately 30 
basis points (0.3%) to the total negative impact on total net merchandise sales. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Merchandise Sales by Category 

The following table indicates the approximate percentage of net sales accounted for by each major category of items 

sold during the fiscal years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.  

Foods & Sundries 
Fresh Foods 
Hardlines 
Softlines  
Other Business 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2017 

2019 

51 %   
27  
12  
5  
5  
100 %   

51 %   
27  
12  
5  
5  
100 %   

51 % 
26  
13  
5  
5  
100 % 

The mix of sales by major category remained unchanged between fiscal year 2019 and 2018.  

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

The mix of sales by major category changed slightly by 1% for Fresh Foods and Hardlines between fiscal year 2018 and 

2017.  

Comparable Merchandise Sales 

We report comparable net merchandise sales on a “same week” basis with 13 weeks in each quarter beginning on a 
Monday and ending on a Sunday.  The periods are established at the beginning of the fiscal year to provide as close a match as 
possible to the calendar month and quarter that is used for financial reporting purposes.  This approach equalizes the number of 
weekend days and weekdays in each period for improved sales comparison, as we experience higher merchandise club sales on 
the weekends.  Each of the warehouse clubs used in the calculations was open for at least 13 ½ calendar months before its results 
for the current period were compared with its results for the prior period.  For example, sales related to our warehouse club in 
Panama opened on May 1, 2019 will not be used in the calculation of comparable sales until July 2020, and the sales related to 
our warehouse club opened in the Dominican Republic on June 27, 2019 will not be used in the calculation of comparable sales 
until September 2020. Therefore, comparable net merchandise sales includes 41 warehouse clubs for the fifty-two week period 
ended September 1, 2019. 

The following table indicates the comparable net merchandise sales in the reportable segments in which we operate and 

the percentage growth in net merchandise sales by segment during fiscal years 2019 and 2018. 

Fifty-Two Weeks Ended 

September 1, 2019 
% Increase/(decrease) 
in comparable 
net merchandise sales 

September 2, 2018 
% Increase/(decrease) 
in comparable 
net merchandise sales 

 (2.0)  %  
 2.2 
 (0.3) 
 (0.6)  %  

 (0.7)  % 
 4.4 
 13.4 

 2.3  % 

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Consolidated segments 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

Comparable net merchandise sales for those warehouse clubs that were open for at least 13 ½ months for some or all of 

the fifty-two week period ended September 1, 2019 decreased 0.6%.   

Comparable net merchandise sales in our Central America segment decreased 2.0% for the fifty-two week period ended 
September  1,  2019.  This  decrease  contributed  approximately  120  basis  points  (1.2%)  of  the  decrease  in  total  comparable 
merchandise sales. 

For the year, the negative economic conditions, foreign currency devaluation, and socio-political conditions within our 
Costa  Rica,  Panama,  Guatemala,  and  Nicaragua  markets  contributed  approximately  100  basis  points  (1.0%)  of  the  decrease, 
which was offset by a 30 basis point (0.3%) increase in Honduras and El Salvador.  The Central America segment comparable 

9 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
merchandise sales for fiscal year 2019 were impacted by the opening of the Company’s seventh warehouse club in Costa Rica in 
an area called Santa Ana. Often times, new warehouse clubs that we open are not far from existing warehouse clubs that are 
included in the calculation for comparable net merchandise sales, resulting in a transfer of some sales from an existing club (in 
this case Escazu) to the new club.  This transfer of sales from existing warehouse clubs that are included in the calculation of 
comparable net merchandise sales to new warehouse clubs that are not included in the calculation can have an adverse impact on 
reported  comparable  net  merchandise  sales.    We  estimate  that  the  transfer  of  sales  associated  with  the  Santa  Ana  opening 
negatively impacted the comparable net merchandise sales for the Central America segment by 50 basis points (0.5%).  New 
warehouse clubs attract new members from areas not previously served by us and also create the opportunity for some existing 
members, particularly those who now find the new clubs closer to their homes, to shop more frequently.   

Comparable  net  merchandise  sales  in  our  Caribbean  segment  increased  2.2%  for  the  fifty-two  week  period  ended 
September  1,  2019.  This  increase  contributed  approximately  60  basis  points  (0.6%)  of  positive  impact  in  total  comparable 
merchandise sales. 

The opening of our fourth and fifth warehouse clubs in the Dominican Republic in May 2018 and June 2019 impacted 
this  segment’s  comparable  merchandise  sales.  We  estimate  that  the  transfer  of  sales  associated  with  the  opening  of  these 
warehouse clubs negatively impacted the Caribbean segment comparable merchandise sales by 160 basis points (1.6%) for the 
fifty-two  week period ended September 1, 2019. All other  markets in this  segment,  with the exception of Barbados, showed 
strong growth compared to the prior year. Notably, investments we made in our Jamaica market contributed to growth of 11.6% 
in comparable net merchandise sales during the year. 

Comparable  net  merchandise  sales  in  our  Colombia  segment  decreased  0.3%  for  the  fifty-two  week  period  ended 
September 1, 2019. The decrease had an immaterial negative impact in total comparable sales. The decline was largely due to the 
significantly unfavorable devaluation of the Colombia peso relative to the U.S. dollar.  

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

Comparable net merchandise sales for those warehouse clubs that were open for at least 13 ½ months for some or all of 

the fifty-two week period ended September 2, 2018 grew 2.3%.   

In the Central America segment, we estimate that cannibalization from the opening of the Company’s seventh warehouse 
club in Costa Rica negatively impacted the comparable net merchandise sales by 180 basis points (1.8%). New warehouse clubs 
attract  new  members  from  areas  not  previously  served  by  us  and  also  create  the  opportunity  for  some  existing  members, 
particularly those who now find the new clubs closer to their homes, to shop more frequently. Additionally, general weakness in 
Panama, one of our largest markets in this segment, and social unrest starting in May 2018 within our Nicaragua market impacted 
comparable net merchandise sales by approximately 70 basis points (0.7%). 

The  Caribbean  segment  experienced  positive  comparable  merchandise  sales  for  fiscal  year  2018,  on  improving 

conditions in all markets compared to the year earlier period, particularly Trinidad, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and USVI.   

Colombia recorded the highest comparable merchandise club sales of 13.4%. The comparable warehouse sales growth 

benefitted from continued stability in the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar. 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 in Constant Currency 

The  following  table  illustrates  the  impact  that  changes  in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  had  on  our  comparable 

merchandise sales in dollars and the percentage change from the fifty-two week periods ended September 1, 2019. 

Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations for the 
Fifty-Two Weeks Ended 
September 1, 2019 

Amount 

% change  

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Comparable merchandise sales 

$ 

$ 

 (48,427)  
 (9,688)  
 (37,878)  
 (95,993)  

 (2.8)  % 
 (1.1) 
 (10.0) 
 (3.2)  % 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overall, the effects of currency devaluations within our markets had an approximate $96.0 million, or 320 basis point 
(3.2%), negative constant currency impact on comparable net merchandise for the fifty-two week period ended September 1, 
2019. 

Currency devaluations within our Central America segment accounted for approximately 160 basis points (1.6%) of the 
impact of currency devaluations on total comparable merchandise sales for the fifty-two week period ended September 1, 2019. 
Our Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua markets all experienced currency devaluation when compared to the same 
period last year. 

Currency devaluations within our Caribbean segment accounted for approximately 30 basis points (0.3%) of the impact 
of  currency  devaluations  on  total  comparable  merchandise  for  the  fifty-two  week  period  ended  September  1,  2019.  Our 
Dominican Republic and Jamaica markets experienced currency devaluation when compared to the same period last year. 

Currency devaluations within our Colombia segment accounted for approximately 130 basis points (1.3%) of the impact 
of currency devaluations on total comparable merchandise sales for the fifty-two week period ended September 1, 2019. This 
reflects the devaluation of the Colombia peso when compared to the same period a year ago. 

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 in Constant Currency 

Comparable net merchandise sales included 39 warehouse clubs for the fifty-two week period ended September 2, 2018. 
The following table illustrates the impact that changes in foreign currency exchange rates had on our comparable merchandise 
sales in dollars and the percentage change from the fifty-two week periods ended September 2, 2018.  

Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations for the 
Fifty-Two Weeks Ended 
September 2, 2018 

Amount 

% change  

Central America 
Caribbean 
Colombia 
Comparable merchandise sales 

$ 

$ 

 (13,302)  
 (7,020)  
 7,447  
 (12,875)  

 (0.8)  % 
 (0.8) 
 2.0 
 (0.4)  % 

Overall, the effects of currency devaluations within our markets had an approximate $12.9 million, or 40 basis point 
(0.4%), negative constant currency impact on comparable net merchandise for the fifty-two week period ended  September 2, 
2018. 

Currency devaluations within our Central America segment accounted for approximately 40 basis points (0.4%) of the 
impact of currency devaluations on total comparable merchandise sales for the fifty-two week period ended September 2, 2018. 
Our Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras markets all experienced currency devaluation when compared to the same period last 
year. 

Currency devaluations within our Caribbean segment accounted for approximately 30 basis points (0.3%) of the impact 
of  currency  devaluations  on  total  comparable  merchandise  for  the  fifty-two  week  period  ended  September  2,  2018.  This  is 
reflective  of  the  offsetting  devaluation  and  appreciation  of  the  mix  of  currencies  within  the  markets  in  this  segment  when 
compared to the same period a year ago. 

Currency devaluations within our Colombia segment accounted for approximately 30 basis points (0.3%) of positive 
impact of currency appreciation on total comparable merchandise sales for the fifty-two week period ended September 2, 2018. 
This reflects the appreciation of the Colombia peso when compared to the same period a year ago. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Membership Income 

Membership income is recognized ratably over the one-year life of the membership. The increase in membership 

income primarily reflects a growth in membership accounts. 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

  August 31, 

2018 

Increase 
(decrease) 
from 
prior year 

  % Change 

Membership  
 income % to  
net merchandise 
club sales 

Amount 

Membership income - Central America  
Membership income - Caribbean  
Membership income - Colombia  
Membership income - Total 

  $ 

  $ 

 31,505   $ 
 13,670  
 6,974  
 52,149   $ 

Number of accounts - Central America 
Number of accounts - Caribbean 
Number of accounts - Colombia 
Number of accounts - Total 

 861,469    
 430,869    
 342,661    
 1,634,999    

 341  
 1,123  
 (136)  
 1,328  

 20,549  
 14,010  
 5,911  
 40,470  

 1.1  %  
 9.0 
 (1.9)     
 2.6 %  

 2.4 %    
 3.4  
 1.8  
 2.5 %    

 1.8  %   $ 
 1.5 
 1.8 
 1.7  %   $ 

Amount 

 31,164 
 12,547 
 7,110 
 50,821 

 840,920 
 416,859 
 336,750 
 1,594,529 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2018 

  August 31, 

2017 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
from 
prior year 

  % Change 

Membership  
 income % to  
net merchandise 
club sales 

Amount 

Membership income - Central America 
Membership income - Caribbean  
Membership income - Colombia  
Membership income - Total  

  $ 

  $ 

 31,164   $ 
 12,547    
 7,110    
 50,821   $ 

Number of accounts - Central America 
Number of accounts - Caribbean 
Number of accounts - Colombia 
Number of accounts - Total 

 840,920    
 416,859    
 336,750    
 1,594,529    

 1,332  
 683  
 1,063  
 3,078  

 11,185  
 25,448  
 15,057  
 51,690  

 4.5 %  
 5.8  
 17.6  
 6.4 %  

 1.3 %    
 6.5  
 4.7  
 3.4 %    

 1.7  %   $ 
 1.4 
 1.9 
 1.7  %   $ 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

Amount 

 29,832 
 11,864 
 6,047 
 47,743 

 829,735 
 391,411 
 321,693 
 1,542,839 

The number of member accounts during fiscal year 2019 was  2.5% higher than the year before. Membership income 

increased 2.6% over the same period.  

The growth in membership accounts during fiscal year 2019 in our Caribbean market was primarily attributable to the 
opening  of  the  new  Bolivar  warehouse  club  in  the  Dominican  Republic  in  June  2019.  Membership  accounts  in  Colombia 
increased during the same period primarily due to an improving economy and the continued growth in the market’s acceptance 
of the warehouse club concept. Membership accounts in Central America increased during the same period primarily due to the 
opening of the new Veraguas warehouse club in Panama in May 2019. The Company’s twelve-month renewal rate increased to 
85.7% for the year ended August 31, 2019 from 85.1% for the year ended August 31, 2018.  

Additionally, we continued expanding our Platinum membership program. We began offering Platinum memberships 

in Honduras, Jamaica, Aruba, USVI and Barbados in fiscal year 2019.  

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

The number of member accounts during fiscal year 2018 was 3.4% higher than the year before. Membership income 

increased 6.4%.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
    
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
    
 
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
     
   
 
     
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
    
 
   
    
   
   
    
   
   
    
   
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
The growth in membership accounts during fiscal year 2018 within our Central America and Caribbean segments is 
primarily the result of the addition of a new warehouse club within each segment.  We opened a new warehouse club in Santa 
Ana, Costa Rica in October 2017 (fiscal year 2018), bringing the total of warehouse clubs operating in Costa Rica to seven. In 
May 2018, we opened a new warehouse club in the Dominican Republic. This brought the number of PriceSmart warehouse 
clubs operating in Dominican Republic to four.  The growth in membership accounts during fiscal year 2018 in our Colombia 
market was primarily attributable to an improving economy and the continued growth in the market’s acceptance of the warehouse 
club concept.  The Company’s twelve-month renewal rate for the periods ended August 31, 2018 and 2017 remained steady at 
85%.  

Additionally,  during  fiscal  year  2018,  we  began  to  expand  our  Platinum  membership  program.  We  began  offering 
Platinum memberships in Costa Rica during fiscal year 2013 and added Panama, Dominican Republic and Trinidad during fiscal 
year 2018.  We began offering Platinum memberships in the United States Virgin Island in October 2018 (fiscal year 2019). 

Other Revenue 

Other  revenue  primarily  consists  of  non-merchandise  revenue  from  freight  and  handling  fees  generated  from  our 
marketplace  and  casillero  operations,  interest-generating  portfolio  from  our  co-branded  credit  cards,  and  rental  income  from 
operating leases where the Company is the lessor. 

Years Ended 

Non-merchandise revenue 
Miscellaneous income 
Rental income 
Other revenue 

{ 

Non-merchandise revenue 
Miscellaneous income 
Rental income 
Other revenue 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

August 31, 2019 
Increase from 
prior year 

Amount 

  $ 

  $ 

 36,837      $ 
 9,049     
 3,254     
 49,140  

  $ 

  % Change 
118.4 % 
440.6  
8.1  
 128.1 % 

 19,974  
 7,375  
 245  
 27,594  

Years Ended 

August 31, 2018 
Increase from 
prior year 

Amount 

  $ 

  $ 

 16,863      $ 
 1,674       
 3,009     
 21,546  

  $ 

  % Change 
100.0 % 
 (0.4)  
3.8  
 370.5 % 

 16,863  
 (6)  
 110  
 16,967  

  August 31, 2018 

Amount 

 16,863 
 1,674 
 3,009 
 21,546 

  $ 

  $ 

  August 31, 2017 

Amount 

  $ 

  $ 

 — 
 1,680 
 2,899 
 4,579 

Other revenue for the year ended August 31, 2019 includes non-merchandise revenue generated by our marketplace and 
casillero operations primarily from freight and handlings charges for online orders placed from customers in Latin America to 
retailers in the United States and delivered to locations throughout Latin America from a business we acquired in March 2018. 
The $20.0 million increase in non-merchandise revenue compared to the prior year represents the inclusion of twelve months of 
non-merchandise revenue during fiscal year 2019 versus the inclusion of only five-and-a-half months of non-merchandise revenue 
during fiscal  year 2018.  For the  year ended  August 31, 2019, the net increase of  $7.4 million in Miscellaneous income  was 
primarily due to a $4.5 million increase mainly resulting from the adoption of the new revenue standard ASC 606, which results 
in interest  generating  portfolio  (“IGP”) income  being  included  in  Miscellaneous  income.  The  remaining  $2.9  million  is  a 
reimbursement we received during the second and third quarter of this fiscal year for underpayment of income earned on our co-
branded credit card IGP.  

13 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

Other revenue for the  year ended August 31, 2018, includes non-merchandise revenue generated by our marketplace 
and casillero operations primarily from freight and handlings charges for online orders placed from customers in Latin America 
to retailers in the United States and delivered to locations throughout Latin America from a business we acquired in March 2018.  
Rental income and miscellaneous income had no material changes when compared to the prior year.  

Results of Operations   

Results of Operations Consolidated 
(Amounts in thousands, except percentages and number of warehouse clubs) 

Results of Operations Consolidated 
Net merchandise sales 
Net merchandise sales 
Merchandise sales gross margin 
Merchandise sales gross margin percentage 

Revenues 
Total revenues 
Percentage change from prior period 

     August 31, 2019  

   August 31, 2018  

   August 31, 2017   

Years Ended 

  $ 
  $ 

 3,091,648  
 442,983  

 $ 
 $ 

 14.3 %   

 3,053,754  
 443,643  

 $ 
 $ 

 14.5 %    

 2,910,062  
 422,916  

 14.5 % 

  $ 

 3,223,918  

 $ 

 1.8 %   

 3,166,702  

 $ 
 5.7 %     

 2,996,628  

 3.1 % 

Comparable merchandise sales 
Total comparable merchandise sales increase (decrease)     

 (0.6) %    

 2.3 %     

 1.5 % 

Gross margin 
Total gross margin 
Gross margin percentage to total revenues 

Selling, general and administrative 
Selling, general and administrative 
Selling, general and administrative percentage of total 
revenues 

  $ 

 528,227  

 $ 
 16.4 %    

 510,182  

 $ 
 16.1 %     

 476,876  

 15.9 % 

  $ 

 413,060  

 $ 

 384,130  

 $ 

 340,647  

 12.8 %   

 12.1 %    

 11.4 % 

Results of Operations 
Consolidated 
Operating income- by segment  
Central America  
Caribbean  
Colombia  
United States  
Reconciling items (1) 
Operating income - Total  

  $ 

  $ 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

% of 
Total  
Revenue     

August 31, 
2018 

% of 
Total  

Revenue       

August 31, 
2017 

% of 
Total  
Revenue   

 122,629  
 50,724  
 14,909  
 3,805  
 (76,900)  
 115,167  

 3.8 %   $ 
 1.6  
 0.5  
 0.1  
 (2.4)  

3.6 %   $ 

 130,849  
 48,383  
 12,086   
 2,016   
 (67,282)  
 126,052  

 4.1 %   $ 
 1.5  
 0.4  
 0.1  
 (2.1)  

4.0 %   $ 

 134,826  
 47,190  
 4,932  
 10,436  
 (61,155)  
 136,229  

 4.5 % 
 1.6  
 0.2  
 0.3  
 (2.0)  

4.5 % 

Warehouse clubs 
Warehouse clubs at period end 
Warehouse club sales square 
feet at period end (2) 

43    

2,158    

41    

2,074    

39    

1,940    

(1)  The reconciling items reflect the amount eliminated on consolidation of intersegment transactions. 
(2)  Warehouse club square feet at period end has been updated to reflect sales floor square feet vs. total building square feet to align with 

industry standards. 

14 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
   
 
   
  
  
 
  
  
   
  
  
 
  
  
    
 
   
  
  
 
  
  
   
  
  
 
  
  
 
   
  
    
 
    
 
   
  
    
 
    
 
    
 
   
  
  
 
  
  
   
  
  
 
  
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
  
   
 
 
  
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
   
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the selling, general and administrative expense for the periods disclosed.  

August 31, 
2019 

% of 
Total  
Revenue  

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2018 

% of 
Total  
Revenue  

August 31, 
2017 

% of 
Total  
Revenue  

Selling, general and 
administrative detail: 
Warehouse club and other 
operations 
General and administrative 
Pre-opening expenses 
Loss/(gain) on disposal of assets    
Asset impairment 
Total Selling, general and 
administrative 

  $ 

  $ 

 307,823  
 101,432  
 2,726  
 1,079  
 —  

 9.5 %   $ 
 3.1  
 0.1  
 0.0  
 —  

 291,488  
 88,461  
 913  
 1,339  
 1,929  

 9.2 %   $ 
 2.8  
 0.0  
 0.0  
 0.1  

 268,629  
 70,013  
 44  
 1,961  
 —  

 9.0 % 
 2.3  
 0.0  
 0.1  
 —  

 413,060  

12.8 %   $ 

 384,130  

12.1 %   $ 

 340,647  

11.4 % 

The following table summarizes the costs recorded as part of our consolidation of Aeropost-related activities (net of 

tax benefit), including costs to expand our omni-channel capabilities, the net operating results of our marketplace and casillero 
business and ongoing costs we recorded as part of our post-acquisition purchase accounting. 

(in thousands, except for per share amounts) 

Years Ended 

August 31, 2019 

August 31, 2018(1) 

Negative impact of Aeropost-related activities (net of tax benefit) on Net 
income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc., before amortization 

  $ 

Amortization of intangibles (net of tax benefit) 
Amortization of compensation expense 

Negative impact of Aeropost-related activities (net of tax benefit) on Net 
income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 

  $ 

 10,319   $ 
 1,870  
 2,273  

 14,462   $ 

Less: 

Asset impairment of software (net of tax benefit) 
Liabilities recorded for software-related impairment (net of tax 
benefit) 
Acquisition costs (net of tax benefit) 

Negative impact from Aeropost-related activities (net of tax benefit)  

  $ 

$ 

 —   $ 

 —  
 —  
 14,462   $ 

 4,620  
 872  
 1,409  

 6,901  

 1,416  

 514  
 490  
 9,321  

Impact of Aeropost-related activities (net of tax benefit) on earnings per 
share 

  $ 

 0.47   $ 

 0.31  

(1)  Our marketplace and casillero business was acquired in March 2018. This impact represents five and a half months of 

activity versus the entire twelve months of activity in the current year. 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

On a consolidated basis, net merchandise sales gross margin for fiscal year 2019 as a percentage of total net merchandise 
sales were 14.3%, 20 basis points (0.2%) lower than fiscal year 2018. Net merchandise margins decreased across all segments 
with the Central America segment contributing 10 basis points (0.1%), the Caribbean segment contributing 10 basis points (0.1%), 
and the Colombia segment contributed an immaterial amount to the overall decline. The 20 basis point (0.2%) decline compared 
to the prior year is a 30 basis point (0.3%) improvement from the nine-month period end May 31, 2019 when the year over year 
decline was 50 basis points (0.5%). 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
   
 
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
     
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gross margin to total revenues increased 30 basis points (0.3%) for the twelve months ended August 31, 2019. The 
year to date increase is due to six and a half months of additional revenue of our marketplace and casillero business compared to 
the prior year, which increased the gross margin to total revenues ratio by approximately 30 basis points (0.3%). Membership 
income, rental income and miscellaneous income gross margin percentage remained unchanged. The reclassification of income 
generated from the IGP as a result of the implementation of new revenue recognition standards along with a refund payment from 
a credit card vendor increased total gross margins by approximately 20 basis points (0.2%) for the year to date period. This 50 
basis point (0.5%) increase was offset by a net merchandise sales gross margin decline of 20 basis points (0.2%). 

Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist of warehouse club and other operations, general and administrative 
expenses,  pre-opening  expenses,  and  loss/(gain)  on  disposal  of  assets.  In  total,  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses 
increased $28.9 million to 12.8% of total revenues for the twelve month period ended August 31, 2019 compared to 12.1% for 
the same period during fiscal year 2018. 

Warehouse club and other operations expense increased to 9.5% of total revenues compared to 9.2% for the twelve 
month period ended August 31, 2019. Our marketplace and casillero business added approximately $9.9 million or 30 basis points 
(0.3%)  for  the  twelve-month  period  due  to  six  and  a  half  months  of  additional  non-merchandise  operations  expense  of  our 
marketplace and casillero business compared to the prior year. 

General and administrative expenses increased to 3.1% compared to 2.8% for the twelve month period ended August 
31, 2019. Our investments to expand our omni-channel capabilities, together with our marketplace and casillero business added 
approximately $9.8 million or 30 basis points (0.3%), in costs to this line item for the twelve-month period. Additionally, in the 
first fiscal quarter was a $3.8 million, separation and other related termination benefits charge for our former Chief Executive 
Officer and President who resigned in October 2018 by mutual agreement with the Board of Directors.  

Pre-opening expense increased $1.8 million or 0.1% of total revenues compared to the prior year period. This increase 
is attributable to costs incurred to open our 42nd and 43rd warehouse club and for the two remaining warehouse clubs expected to 
open this calendar year.  

Operating income for the twelve months ended August 31, 2019, decreased to $115.2 million (3.6% of total revenue) 
compared to $126.1 million (4.0% of total revenue) for the same period last year. As described above, lower merchandise margins 
as  a  percent  of  sales,  higher  expenses  year-on-year  related  to  investments  to  expand  our  omni-channel  capabilities  and  the 
inclusion  for  the  full  twelve  months  ended  August  31,  2019  of  the  net  operating  results  from  our  marketplace  and  casillero 
business acquired in March 2018 were the primary factors for the decrease in operating income. 

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

Total revenue increased 5.7% from the twelve months ended August 31, 2017 to the same period ended August 31, 
2018,  year  on  year  increases  to  net  merchandise  sales  contributed  480  basis  points  (4.8%),  non-merchandise  revenue  from 
Aeropost contributed 60 basis points (0.6%), increased export sales contributed 20 basis points (0.2%) and increased membership 
income contributed ten basis points (0.1%). 

Gross margin on merchandise sales as a percentage of total revenue remained unchanged at 14.5% for the twelve months 
ended  August  31,  2018  compared  to  the  twelve  month  period  ended  August  31,  2017.  Total  gross  margin  to  total  revenues 
increased to 16.1% from 15.9% for the twelve months ended August 31, 2018, mainly due to higher margins on nonmerchandise 
revenues of our Aeropost subsidiary, which increased the gross margin on total revenues, by approximately 30 basis points (0.3%) 
for the year. Membership income, rental income and miscellaneous income gross margin remained unchanged 

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of warehouse club and other operations, general and administrative 
expenses,  pre-opening  expenses,  asset  impairment  and  loss/(gain)  on  disposal  of  assets.  In  total,  selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses increased $43.5 million to 12.1% of total revenues, an increase of 70 basis points (0.7%) compared to 
11.4% of  total  revenues  in  fiscal  year  2017.  Warehouse  club  and  other  operations  contributed  20  basis  points  (0.2%)  of  this 
increase.  This  was  mainly  due  to  approximately  $6.4  million  (0.2%  of  total  revenues)  in  additional  other  operational  costs 
associated with our Aeropost subsidiary during fiscal year 2018. General and administrative expenses contributed the remaining 
50 basis points (0.5%) of the year-over-year increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage  of total 
revenue, with $9.7 million in general and administrative costs associated with  Aeropost contributing 30 basis points (0.3%) of 
this  increase.  The  $9.7  million  was  composed  of  $1.1  million  in  amortization  of  technology  intangibles,  $1.4  million  in 
amortization  of  post-combination  compensation  costs,  and  $7.2  million  of  other  general  and  administrative  costs.  We  also 
recorded in general and administrative expense during fiscal year 2018 $669,000 in acquisition costs, including legal, accounting 
and technical consulting related to the acquisition of Aeropost. Additionally, general and administrative expenses also grew as a 
percentage to total revenues due to increased staffing in our buying department and increased information technology costs. Asset 
impairment charges for approximately $1.4 million, net of tax benefit, were related to the write-off of costs for a software platform 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
that was under development prior to the acquisition of Aeropost, because of Aeropost’s Information Technology (“IT”) platform 
and IT development capability. 

Operating income for fiscal year 2018 was $126.1 million (4.0% of total revenue) compared to $136.2 million (4.5% of 
total revenue) for the same period last year. Within our Central America segment, higher expenses related to the addition of  a 
new warehouse club coupled with lower sales volumes within our Panama and Nicaragua markets accounted for forty basis points 
(0.4%) of the decrease in operating income to total revenues. Additionally, the increase of approximately $16.1 million in total 
selling, general and administrative costs due to the additional costs of our Aeropost subsidiary, which are recorded within our 
U.S. segment,  were the primary drivers of our decreased operating income by an additional thirty basis points (0.3%). These 
decreases  were  partially  offset  by  an  increase  of  operating  income  within  our  Colombia  segment  of  0.2%  of  total  revenue, 
primarily due to increases in sales from the continued improved economic conditions in Colombia. 

Interest Expense  

Interest expense on loans 
Interest expense related to hedging activity 
Less: Capitalized interest 
Net interest expense 

Interest expense on loans 
Interest expense related to hedging activity 
Less: Capitalized interest 
Net interest expense 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
from prior 
year 

 320   $ 

 (470)  
 (982)  
 (1,132)   $ 

Amount 

 5,224 
 981 
 (1,134) 
 5,071 

Amount 

  $ 

  $ 

 5,544   $ 
 511  
 (2,116)  
 3,939   $ 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
from prior 
year 

Amount 

  $ 

  $ 

 5,224   $ 
 981  
 (1,134)  
 5,071   $ 

 (412)   $ 
 (607)  
 (687)  
 (1,706)   $ 

Amount 

 5,636 
 1,588 
 (447) 
 6,777 

Net interest expense reflects borrowings by PriceSmart, Inc. and our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries to finance new 
land  acquisition  and  construction  for  new  warehouse  clubs,  warehouse  club  expansions  and  distribution  centers,  the  capital 
requirements of warehouse club and other operations and ongoing working capital requirements. 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

Net  interest  expense  decreased  $1.1  million  for  the  year  ended  August 31,  2019.  Interest  expense  related  to  loans 
increased for the year ended August 31, 2019 due to increased use of more expensive short-term borrowing facilities. However, 
interest expense related to hedging activity decreased during the year ended August 31, 2019 due to the pay off of the various 
loans held by our subsidiaries that were hedged, and we capitalized more interest for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 
2018 because of higher levels of construction activities for the two clubs opened during the fiscal year and the two additional 
clubs to opened in the fall of calendar year 2019.   

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

Net interest expense for the year ended August 31, 2018 decreased $1.7 million when compared to prior year. Loans 
decreased year-on-year primarily due to the pay-off of loans within our subsidiaries.  Lower average loan balance on both long-
term and short-term loans were partially offset by higher variable (“LIBOR”) interest rates. Interest expense related to hedging 
activity decreased in fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 due to the pay-off of the various loans held by our subsidiaries 
that were hedged and the remaining hedged loans having positive (“in the money”) positions. Additional capitalized interest in 
fiscal year 2018 compared to fiscal year 2017 resulted from higher levels of construction activities.    

17 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Income (Expense), net 

Other income consists of currency gain or loss, as well as net benefit costs related to our defined benefit plans. 

Other income (expense), net 

  $ 

 (1,607)   $ 

 (1,799)   $ 

 192 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

(Decrease) 
from 
prior year 

Amount 

Amount 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

(Decrease) 
from 
prior year 

Amount 

Amount 

Other income (expense), net 

  $ 

 192   $ 

 (1,290)   $ 

 1,482 

Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  the  functional  currency  of  the  respective  entity 
(primarily U.S. dollars) are revalued to the functional currency using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date.  These foreign 
exchange  transaction  gains  (losses)  are  recorded  as  currency  gains  or  losses.  Additionally,  gains  or  losses  from  transactions 
denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective entity also generate currency gains or losses.  

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

For the twelve-month period ended August 31, 2019, we had a net expense associated with foreign currency transactions 
of  approximately  $1.5  million,  of  which  our  Jamaica  and  Dominican  Republic  markets  contributed  $687,000  and  $519,000, 
respectively. The main drivers for the year-to-date period loss is attributable to significant increases in our average U.S. dollar 
asset position in Jamaica and our average U.S. dollar liability position in the Dominican Republic compared to a year ago.  We 
increased these positions to provide capital resources for our current and future warehouse club construction activities and other 
investments. In Jamaica our average U.S. dollar asset position was $19.8 million in fiscal year 2019 compared to $16.6 million 
in fiscal year 2018, or a 19% increase year-over-year. In the Dominican Republic our average U.S. dollar liability position was 
$26.6 million in fiscal year 2019 compared to $8.0 million in fiscal year 2018, or a 235% increase year-over-year.  

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

For fiscal year 2018, we recorded net income associated with foreign currency transactions.  During fiscal year 2018, 
we were able to mitigate losses associated with foreign currency transactions that were driven by the weakening of currencies 
within all of our major markets and high transaction costs associated with converting Trinidad dollars into available tradeable 
currencies such as Euros or Canadian dollars before converting them to U.S. dollars.  We mitigated the higher transaction costs 
in Trinidad by adding additional costs into our pricing models in order to offset the higher transaction costs in Trinidad. As a 
result, we reported approximately $192,000 in net gains from foreign currency exchange for fiscal year 2018. For as long as the 
currency sourcing situation continues in Trinidad, we plan to maintain additional cost in our pricing model and will limit our 
shipments from the U.S. to Trinidad to levels that generally align with our Trinidad subsidiary’s ability to pay for the merchandise 
in U.S. dollars.  

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Provision for Income Taxes   

U.S. Tax Reform in December 2017 lowered the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and made numerous other 

law changes.     

The table below summarizes the effect that U.S. Tax Reform had on net income and earnings per share attributable to 

PriceSmart available for distribution: 

(In thousands, except per share amounts) 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

Income before provision for income taxes and  
income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 
Provision for income taxes calculated prior to U.S. tax law change 

U.S. Tax Reform: Current tax rate reduction 
U.S. Tax Reform: Re-measurement of net deferred tax assets/liabilities 
U.S. Tax Reform: Transition Tax 
U.S. Tax Reform: Other tax incentives 

Incidental to U.S. Tax Reform: Valuation of allowances on deferred tax assets 
Subtotal of U.S. Tax Reform Effects 
Total provision for income taxes 
Income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 
Net income 
Less: net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc.   
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. per share available for distribution: 
Basic net income per share 
Diluted net income per share 

Subtotal of U.S. Tax Reform Effects 
Impact of U.S Tax Reform on basic and diluted net income per share 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

The tables below summarize the effective tax rate for the periods reported: 

 111,110   $ 
 (35,927)  
 2,269  
 —  
 —  
 2,833  
 (6,735)  
 (1,633)  
 (37,560)   $ 
 (61)  
 73,489   $ 
 (298)  
 73,191   $ 

 2.40   $ 
 2.40   $ 

 (1,633)   $ 
 (0.05)   $ 

 122,588 
 (38,607) 
 3,152 
 (222) 
 (12,500) 
 — 
 — 
 (9,570) 
 (48,177) 
 (8) 
 74,403 
 (75) 
 74,328 

 2.44 
 2.44 

 (9,570) 
 (0.32) 

Current tax expense 
Net deferred tax provision (benefit) 
Provision for income taxes 
Effective tax rate 

Current tax expense 
Net deferred tax provision (benefit) 
Provision for income taxes 
Effective tax rate 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
 from 
prior year 

   $ 

   $ 

 (663)   $ 

 (9,954)  
 (10,617)   $ 

Amount 
 40,553 
 (2,993) 
 37,560 

  $ 

  $ 

 33.8 %   

Amount 
 41,216 
 6,961 
 48,177 

 39.3 % 

Years Ended 

August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
 from 
prior year 

   $ 

   $ 

 (3,649)   $ 
 9,808  
 6,159   $ 

Amount 
 41,216 
 6,961 
 48,177 

  $ 

  $ 

 39.3 %   

19 

Amount 
 44,865 
 (2,847) 
 42,018 

 31.7 % 

 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

For  fiscal  year  2019,  the  effective  tax  rate  was  33.8%.  The  decrease  in  the  effective  rate  versus  the  prior  year  was 

primarily attributable to the following factors: 

1.  The comparably favorable impact of 10.2% resulting from nonrecurrence of the U.S. Tax Reform Transition Tax. 

2.  The comparably unfavorable net impact of 3.5%, resulting from the favorable impact of 2.6% resulting from new 
export-related sales and service tax incentives; and the unfavorable impact of 6.1% from valuation allowances on 
deferred tax assets from foreign tax credits that, incidental to U.S. Tax Reform, are no longer deemed recoverable.  

3.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 1.0% resulting from the effective tax rate impact of costs incurred to expand 

our omni-channel capabilities and the net operating results of our marketplace and casillero business. 

4.  The comparably favorable impact of 1.3% resulting from the reversal of valuation allowances on net deferred tax 
assets in the Company’s Colombia subsidiary, due to the ongoing improvement in our business in Colombia.  

5.  The comparatively unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate of 0.9% resulting from a decrease in fiscal year 2019 
in the magnitude of an intercompany transaction between PriceSmart, Inc. and our Colombian subsidiary in support 
of PriceSmart’s ongoing market development and growth in Colombia compared to the prior year. The Company 
does not expect these intercompany transactions to continue in the future. 

6.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 0.7% resulting from severance compensation of one of our officers. 

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

For  fiscal  year  2018,  the  effective  tax  rate  was  39.3%.   The  increase  in  the  effective  rate  versus  the  prior  year  was 

primarily attributable to the following factors: 

1.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 10.2% resulting from the U.S. Tax Reform Transition Tax in fiscal year 

2018. 

2.  The comparably favorable net impact of 2.4%, resulting from the U.S. Tax Reform current rate reduction which 
favorably impacted our effective tax rate by 2.6%, partially offset by an unfavorable re-measurement of net deferred 
tax assets/liabilities of 0.2%. 

3.  The comparably favorable impact of 1.6% resulting from improved financial results in the Company’s Colombia 

subsidiary for which no tax attribute was recognized, net of adjustment to valuation allowance. 

4.  The comparatively unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate of 1.0% resulting from a decrease in fiscal year 2018 
in the magnitude of an intercompany transaction between PriceSmart, Inc. and our Colombian subsidiary in support 
of  PriceSmart’s  ongoing  market  development  and  growth  in  Colombia  compared  to  the  prior  year.  The 
intercompany  transaction  reduces  taxable  income  in  the  U.S.  and  increases  taxable  income  in  our  Colombia 
subsidiary  where  the  additional  taxable  income  is  fully  offset  by  the  reversal  of  valuation  allowances  on 
accumulated  net  losses  in  that  subsidiary.  We  expect  the  decrease  of  the  favorable  impact  to  the  consolidated 
Company’s effective tax rate to continue into fiscal year 2019.  

5.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 1.6% resulting from the Company’s Aeropost subsidiary’s overall effective 

tax rate and acquisition-related accounting. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Other comprehensive income/(loss) for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 resulted primarily from foreign currency translation 
adjustments  related  to  the  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  translation  of  the  statements  of  income  related  to  revenue,  costs  and 
expenses of our subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. When the functional currency in our international 
subsidiaries is the local currency and not U.S. dollars, the assets and liabilities of such subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars 
at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, and revenue, costs and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange in 
effect  during  the  period.  The  corresponding  translation  gains  and  losses  are  recorded  as  a  component  of  accumulated  other 
comprehensive  income  or  loss.  These  adjustments  will  not  affect  net  income  until  the  sale  or  liquidation  of  the  underlying 
investment. The reported other comprehensive income or loss reflects the unrealized increase or decrease in the value in U.S. 
dollars of the net assets of the subsidiaries as of the date of the balance sheet, which will vary from period to period as exchange 
rates fluctuate.  

Summary of Changes in Other Comprehensive Income (loss) 
Years Ended 

August, 31 
2019 
(Decrease) 
from 

  Amount 

prior year    % Change   Amount 

August 31,  
2018 
(Decrease) 
from 
prior year 

  August 31, 
2017 

  % Change   Amount 

Foreign currency 
translation adjustments 
Defined benefit pension 
plan 
Derivative Instruments 
Total 

  $   (141,146)   $ 

 (19,717)  

 16.2 %    $   (121,429)   $ 

 (12,890)  

 11.9 %    $   (108,539) 

 (526)    
 (2,667)    

  $   (144,339)   $ 

 (38)  
 (3,368)  
 (23,123)  

 7.8  
 (480.5)  

 (488)    
 701    

 19.1 %    $   (121,216)   $ 

 (46)  
 1,779  
 (11,157)  

 10.4  
 (442) 
 (1,078) 
 165.0  
 10.1 %    $   (110,059) 

Comparison of 2019 to 2018 

During fiscal year 2019, the largest translation adjustments were related to the translation of the Colombia, Dominican 
Republic and Nicaragua subsidiaries’ balance sheets and statements of income that required us to record additional losses, when 
compared to the prior year, to comprehensive net income on translation of approximately $19.4 million.  Additionally, there was 
a  comprehensive  loss  of  approximately  $3.3  million  related  to  unrealized  losses  on  changes  in  derivative  obligations  due  to 
declining benchmark interest rates. 

Comparison of 2018 to 2017 

During fiscal year 2018, the largest translation adjustments were related to the translation of the Colombia, Dominican 
Republic and Jamaica subsidiaries’ balance sheets and statements of income that required us to record additional losses, when 
compared to the prior year, to comprehensive net income on translation of approximately $8.5 million.  

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

Financial Position and Cash Flow 

Our operations have historically supplied us with a significant source of liquidity. Our cash flows provided by operating 
activities, supplemented with our long-term debt and short-term borrowings, have generally been sufficient to fund our operations 
and allow us to invest in activities that support long-term  growth and pay dividends on our common stock. We evaluate  our 
funding requirements on a regular basis and use long-term and short-term borrowings to cover any shortfall in our ability to 
generate  sufficient  cash  from  operations  to  meet  our  capital  requirements.  We  may  consider  funding  alternatives  to  provide 
additional liquidity when necessary. 

Repatriation of cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries may require us to accrue and pay taxes.  We have 
no  plans  at  this  time  to  repatriate  cash  through  the  payment  of  cash  dividends  by  our  foreign  subsidiaries  to  our  domestic 
operations and, therefore, have not accrued taxes that would be due from repatriation. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, held by our foreign subsidiaries 

and domestically (in thousands). 

Amounts held by foreign subsidiaries 
Amounts held domestically 
Total cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

  $ 

 98,964   $ 

 7,272  
 106,236   $ 

 79,454 
 17,460 
 96,914 

From  time  to  time,  we  have  experienced  a  lack  of  availability  of  U.S.  dollars  in  certain  markets  (U.S.  dollar 
illiquidity).  This impedes our ability to convert local currencies obtained through merchandise sales into U.S. dollars to settle 
the U.S. dollar liabilities associated with our imported products. Since fiscal year 2017, we have experienced this situation in 
Trinidad and have been unable to source a sufficient level of tradeable currencies in Trinidad.  We are working with our banks 
in Trinidad to source tradeable currencies. We expect the illiquid market conditions in Trinidad to continue. 

The following table summarizes our significant sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents: 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 
Effect of exchange rates 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

  $ 

  $ 

August 31, 
2019 
 170,332   $ 
 (124,704)  
 (31,955)  
 (4,351)  
 9,322   $ 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 
 119,454   $ 
 (153,779)    
 (27,817)    
 (6,656)    
 (68,798)   $ 

  August 31,  
2017 
 123,021 
 (135,217) 
 (21,970) 
 (2,838) 
 (37,004) 

Net  cash  provided  by  operating  activities  totaled  $170.3 million  and  $119.5 million  for  the  twelve  months  ended 
August 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our cash flow provided by operations is primarily derived from net merchandise sales 
and  membership fees. Cash  flows  used in operations generally  consists of payments to  our  merchandise vendors,  warehouse 
operating costs (including payroll, employee benefits and utilities), as well as payments for income taxes.  The $50.9 million 
increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase of accounts payable of $25.3 million in 
fiscal year 2019 compared to a decrease in accounts payable of $16.5 million in fiscal year 2018, which resulted in a $41.8 million 
change  year-over-year. In addition, the net increase in other current and non-current assets and liabilities resulted in a $16.1 
million change year-over-year. The accounts payable increase resulted from several factors, including a shift in the timing of 
inventory purchases in anticipation of the holiday season versus a year ago and working capital efficiency improvements. The 
other current and non-current assets and liabilities decrease is primarily the result of increases in salary and benefit accruals, 
deferred income, and other accruals due to the opening of two new clubs, which added additional headcount and membership 
income.  

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $124.7 million and $153.8 million for the twelve months ended August 31, 
2019 and 2018, respectively.  Our cash used in investing activities is primarily for the construction of and improvements to our 
warehouse clubs. The $29.1 million decrease in investing activities is the result of a net $47.6 million decrease in certificate of 
deposits purchases and settlements compared to a year-ago and a $23.9 million decrease in acquisition activity versus a year-ago 
as we made no acquisitions in fiscal year 2019 offset by $42.0 million of additional construction expenditures and land purchases 
made for our expected future warehouse club openings. 

Net cash used in financing activities total $32.0 million and $27.8 million for the twelve months ended August 31, 2019 
and 2018, respectively. Our cash flows provided or used for financing activities are used primarily to fund our working capital 
needs  and  our  warehouse  club  expansions  and  investments.  The  $4.2  million  increase  in  cash  used  in  financing  activities  is 
primarily the result of a net decrease of proceeds from long-term borrowings of $9.4 million compared to a year ago as we did 
not have any additional long-term borrowings in fiscal year 2019. Additionally, the amount of cash we used to repurchase shares 
of  restricted  stock  upon  vesting  to  cover  employees’  tax  withholding  obligations  increased  $1.4  million  in  fiscal  year  2019 
primarily as a result of the acceleration of vesting as a component of severance for one of our officers. We received $7.5 million 
of proceeds from short-term borrowings to fund our working capital and capital investment needs, offsetting this $10.8 million 
of cash used.  

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt 

Our financing strategy is to ensure liquidity and access to capital markets while minimizing our borrowing costs. The 

proceeds of these borrowings were or will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, 
funding for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and repayment of existing debt. Please see Item 8 Note 11 – 
Debt for further discussion. 

Contractual Obligations 

Contractual obligations 
Long-term debt and interest(1)   $ 
Operating leases(2) 
Warehouse club construction 
commitments (3) 
Total 

  $ 

Less than 
1 Year 

1 to 3 
Years 

Payments due in: 
4 to 5 
Years 

After 
5 Years 

25,875   $ 
14,049    

14,937    
54,861   $ 

15,528   $ 
26,305    

—    

41,833   $ 

19,390   $ 
25,623    

28,793   $ 

180,913    

—    

—    

45,013   $ 

209,706   $ 

Total 

89,586 
246,890 

14,937 
351,413 

(1)  Long-term debt includes debt with both fixed and variable interest rates. We have used rates as of August 31, 2019 to calculate future 
estimated payments related to the variable rate items.  For the portion of the loans subject to interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest 
rate swaps, we have used the fixed interest rate as set by the interest rate swaps.  

(2)  Operating lease obligations have been reduced by approximately  $2.3 million to reflect the amounts net of expected sublease income.  
Operating  lease  obligations  include  $1.6 million  of  lease  payment  obligations  for  the  prior  leased  Miami  distribution  center.    For  the 
purposes of calculating the  minimum lease payments, a reduction is reflected for the actual sublease income the Company  expects to 
receive during the remaining lease term.     

(3)  The amounts shown represent contractual obligations for construction services not yet rendered. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 

The  Company  does  not  have  any  off-balance  sheet  arrangements  that  have  had,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  have,  a 

material current or future effect on its financial condition or consolidated financial statements. 

Repurchase of Equity Securities and Reissuance of Treasury Shares 

At the vesting dates for restricted stock awards to our employees, we repurchase a portion of the shares that have vested 
at  the  prior  day's  closing  price  per  share,  with  the  funds  used  to  pay  the  employees'  minimum  statutory  tax  withholding 
requirements related to the vesting of restricted stock awards.  We do not have a stock repurchase program. 

Shares  of  common  stock  repurchased  by  us  are  recorded  at  cost  as  treasury  stock  and  result  in  the  reduction  of 

stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets. We may reissue these treasury shares.   

The following table summarizes the shares repurchased during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017: 

Shares repurchased 
Cost of repurchase of shares (in thousands) 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 

 75,462  

 37,414  

  $ 

 4,604   $ 

 3,183   $ 

August 31, 
2017 

 38,634 
 3,193 

We reissued 63,000 treasury shares as part of our stock-based compensation programs during fiscal year 2019, but we 

did not reissue any treasury shares during fiscal years 2018 and 2017.  

Dividends 

Please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 6 - Stockholders’ Equity for further discussion. 

Derivatives 

Please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 13 – Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities 

for further discussion. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Estimates 

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires that management make estimates and judgments that 
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial 
statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenue  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.   Some  of  our  accounting  policies 
require management to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that 
are inherently  uncertain.  Management continues to review its accounting policies and evaluate its estimates, including those 
related to business acquisitions, contingencies and litigation, income taxes, value added taxes, and long-lived assets.  We base 
our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the present 
circumstances.  Using different estimates could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. 

Income Taxes 

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method.  Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement 
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured 
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry-forwards 
are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in 
income in the period that includes the enactment date.  A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred 
tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.  As of August 31, 2019, we evaluated our deferred tax assets and liabilities and 
determined that a valuation allowance was necessary for certain deferred tax asset balances, primarily because of the existence 
of significant negative objective evidence, such as the fact that certain subsidiaries are in a cumulative loss position for the past 
three years, indicating that certain net operating loss carry-forward periods are not sufficient to realize the related deferred tax 
assets. We also specifically considered whether foreign tax credit balances could be utilized in the foreseeable future in light of 
current and future U.S. tax liabilities. We have historically applied foreign tax credits, generated from taxes withheld on certain 
payments PriceSmart receives from  our  foreign subsidiaries, to reduce U.S. income tax  liabilities. However, as an incidental 
result of U.S. tax reform, following the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, we expect foreign tax 
credits  generated  to  exceed  U.S.  income  tax  liability  for  the  foreseeable  future.  Therefore,  as  of  August 31,  2019,  we  have 
recorded valuation allowance of $6.7 million against our foreign tax credits. 

We are required to file federal and state income tax returns in the United States and various other tax returns in foreign 
jurisdictions.  The preparation of these tax returns requires us to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such 
jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by us.  We, in consultation with our tax advisors, base our tax returns on 
interpretations that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.  The tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews 
by the various taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which we file our tax returns.  As part of these reviews, a taxing authority 
may disagree with respect to the interpretations we used to calculate our tax liability and therefore require us to pay additional 
taxes. 

We accrue an amount for our estimate of probable additional income tax liability.  In certain cases, the impact of an 
uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to 
be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has  50% or 
less likelihood of being sustained.  This requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and application 
of  complex  tax  laws.  When  facts  and  circumstances  change,  we  reassess  these  probabilities  and  record  any  changes  in  the 
consolidated financial statements as appropriate.  There were no material changes in our uncertain income tax positions for the 
periods ended on August 31, 2019 and 2018.   

Tax Receivables 

 We pay Value Added Tax (“VAT”) or similar taxes (“input VAT”), income taxes, and other taxes within the normal 
course of our business in most of the countries in which we operate related to the procurement of merchandise and/or services 
we acquire and/or on sales and taxable income.   We also collect VAT or similar taxes on behalf of the government (“output 
VAT”) for merchandise and/or services we sell.  If the output VAT exceeds the input VAT, then the difference is remitted to the 
government, usually on a  monthly basis.  If the input VAT exceeds the output VAT, this creates a VAT receivable. In  most 
countries where we operate, the governments have implemented additional collection procedures, such as requiring credit card 
processors to remit a portion of sales processed via credit card directly to the government as advance payments of VAT and/or 
income tax.  In the case of VAT, these procedures alter the natural offset of input and output VAT and generally leave us with a 
net VAT receivable, forcing us to process significant refund claims on a recurring basis.  With respect to income taxes paid, if 
the estimated income taxes paid or withheld exceed the actual income tax due this creates an income tax receivable.  We either 
request a refund of these tax receivables or apply the balance to expected future tax payments.  These refund or offset processes 
can take anywhere from several months to several years to complete. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In most countries where we operate, the VAT refund process is defined and structured with regular refunds or offsets.  
However, we, together with our tax and legal advisers, are currently seeking clarification in court and pursuing other alternatives 
in one country without a clearly defined process and expect to prevail. The balance of the VAT receivable in the country with 
undefined  refund  mechanisms  was  approximately  $5.1 million  and  $3.1 million  as  of  August 31,  2019  and  August 31,  2018, 
respectively.  In another country in which we have warehouse clubs, beginning in fiscal year 2015, a new minimum income tax 
mechanism took effect, which requires us to pay taxes based on a percentage of sales rather than income.  As a result, we are 
making income tax payments substantially in excess of those we would expect to pay based on taxable income. The rules (which 
we have challenged in court), effective for fiscal years 2015 to 2018, do not clearly allow us to obtain a refund or offset this 
excess income tax against other taxes. As of August 31, 2019, we had deferred tax assets of approximately $2.6 million in this 
country. Also, we had an income tax receivable balance of $7.8 million as of August 31, 2019 related to excess payments from 
fiscal year 2015 to 2019. In fiscal year 2018, a revised minimum tax law was passed in this country, which beginning in fiscal 
year 2020 will reduce the minimum tax rate. Additionally, this law clarifies on a go-forward basis the reimbursement process for 
excess minimum tax paid beginning in fiscal year 2019, but does not address periods prior to fiscal year 2019. Nevertheless, we 
have not placed any type of allowance on the recoverability of these tax receivables or deferred tax assets, because  we believe 
that it is more likely than not that we will ultimately succeed in our refund requests, related appeals and/or court challenge on 
this matter.  

Our policy for classification and presentation of VAT receivables, income tax receivables and other tax receivables is 

as follows: 

(cid:120) 

Short-term VAT and Income tax receivables, recorded as Other current assets: This classification is used for 
any countries where our subsidiary has generally demonstrated the ability to recover the VAT or income tax 
receivable within one year.  We also classify as short-term any approved refunds or credit notes to the extent 
that we expect to receive the refund or use the credit notes within one year.  

(cid:120)  Long-term VAT and Income tax receivables, recorded as Other non-current assets: This classification is used 
for amounts not approved for refund or credit in countries where our subsidiary has not demonstrated the ability 
to obtain refunds within one year and/or for amounts which are subject to outstanding disputes.  An allowance 
is provided against VAT and income tax receivable balances in dispute when we do not expect to eventually 
prevail in our recovery of such balances. We do not currently have any allowances provided against VAT and 
income tax receivables. 

Long-lived Assets 

 We periodically evaluate our long-lived assets for indicators of impairment.  Indicators that an asset may be impaired 

are: 

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 

the asset's inability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods; 
loss of legal ownership or title to the asset; 
significant changes in its strategic business objectives and utilization of the asset(s); and 
the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends. 

Management's judgments are based on market and operational conditions at the time of the evaluation and can include 
management's best estimate of future business activity, which in turn drives estimates of future cash flows from these assets. 
These periodic evaluations could cause management to conclude that impairment factors exist, requiring an adjustment of these 
assets  to  their  then-current  fair  market  value.  Future  business  conditions  and/or  activity  could  differ  materially  from  the 
projections made by management causing the need for additional impairment charges. No impairment charges have been recorded 
during fiscal year 2019 related to the loss of legal ownership or title to assets; significant changes in the Company's strategic 
business  objectives  or  utilization  of  assets;  or  the  impact  of  significant  negative  industry  or  economic  trends.  Loss/(gain)  on 
disposal  of  assets  recorded  during  the  years  reported  resulted  from  improvements  to  operations  and  normal  preventive 
maintenance. 

25 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangibles 

Goodwill  and  other  indefinite-lived  acquired  intangible  assets  are  not  amortized,  but  are  evaluated  for  impairment 
annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value of a certain asset may be impaired. Generally, 
this  evaluation  begins  with  a  qualitative  assessment  to  determine  whether  a  quantitative  impairment  test  is  necessary.  If  we 
determine, after performing an assessment based on the qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely 
than not less than the carrying amount, or that a fair value of the reporting unit substantially in excess of the carrying amount 
cannot  be  assured,  then  a  quantitative  impairment  test  would  be  performed.  The  quantitative  test  for  impairment  requires 
management  to  make  judgments  relating  to  future  cash  flows,  growth  rates  and  economic  and  market  conditions.  These 
evaluations are based on determining the fair value of a reporting unit or asset using a valuation method such as discounted cash 
flow or a relative, market-based approach. Historically, our reporting units and other indefinite-lived acquired intangible assets 
have generated sufficient returns to recover the cost of goodwill and other indefinite-lived acquired intangible assets. Because of 
the  nature  of  the  factors  used  in  these  tests,  if  different  conditions  occur  in  future  periods,  future  operating  results  could  be 
materially  impacted.  For  approximately  $46.1  million  of  certain  acquired  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets,  the  fair  value 
approximated the carrying value; any deterioration in the fair value may result in an impairment charge.  

Seasonality 

Historically, our merchandising businesses have experienced holiday retail seasonality in their markets.  In addition to 
seasonal fluctuations, our operating results fluctuate quarter-to-quarter as a result of economic and political events in markets 
that we serve, the timing of holidays, weather, the timing of shipments, product mix, and currency effects on the cost of U.S.-
sourced products which may make these products more or less expensive in local currencies and therefore more or less affordable.  
Because of such fluctuations, the results of operations of any quarter are not indicative of the results that may be achieved for a 
full fiscal year or any future quarter.  In addition, there can be no assurance that our future results will be consistent with past 
results or the projections of securities analysts. 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity price risk. 
These market risks arise in the normal course of business. We do not engage in speculative trading activities. To manage the risk 
arising from these exposures, we utilize interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps, non-deliverable foreign currency 
forward  contracts  and  loans  denominated  in  foreign  currencies.  For  a  discussion  of  our  accounting  policies  for  derivative 
instruments and further disclosures, please see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  - Note 13 - Derivative Instruments 
and Hedging Activities. 

Each market risk sensitivity analysis presented below is based on hypothetical scenarios used to calibrate potential risk 
and do not represent our view of future market changes. The effect of a change in a particular assumption is calculated without 
adjusting any other assumption. In reality, however, a change in one factor could cause a change in another factor, which may 
magnify or negate other sensitivities. 

Interest Rate Risk 

We are exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of our short-term borrowings and long-term debt borrowings. We 
have mitigated a portion of our interest rate risk by managing the mix of fixed and variable rate debt and by entering into interest 
rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk. The notional amount, interest payment and maturity 
dates of the swap match the terms of the associated debt. 

The table below provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For 
debt obligations, the table represents the principal cash flows and related weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity 
dates. For interest rate swaps, including cross-currency interest rate swaps, the table represents the contractual cash flows and 
weighted-average  interest  rates  by  the  contractual  maturity  date,  unless  otherwise  noted.  The  notional  amounts  are  used  to 
calculate  contractual  cash  flows  to  be  exchanged  under  the  contracts.  The  weighted-average  variable  rates  are  based  upon 
prevailing market interest rates and the outstanding balances as of August 31, 2019. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual maturities of long-term debt and derivatives are as follow (in thousands): 

Long-Term Debt: 

2020 

2021 

Twelve Months Ended August 31,  
(Amounts in thousands) 
2023 

2024 

2022 

  Thereafter 

Total 

Long-term debt with fixed 
interest rate 
Weighted-average interest 
rate 
Long-term debt with variable 
interest rate 
Weighted-average interest 
rate 
Total long-term debt 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 911  

 $ 

 911  

 $ 

 380  

 $ 

 —  

 $ 

 —  

 $ 

 —  

 $ 

 2,202  

(1)  

 7.00 %    

 7.00 %    

 7.00 %    

 — %    

 — %    

 — %    

 7.00 % 

 24,964  

 $ 

 8,307  

 $ 

 5,930  

 $ 

 17,848  

 $ 

 1,542  

 $ 

 28,793  

 $ 

 87,384  

 5.90 %    
 $ 

 25,875  

 5.50 %    
 $ 

 9,218  

 5.60 %    
 $ 

 6,310  

 5.60 %    
 $ 

 17,848  

 3.80 %    
 $ 

 1,542  

 3.70 %    
 $ 

 28,793  

 5.30 % 

 89,586  

(1)  

Derivatives: 

Interest Rate Swaps: 
Variable to fixed interest 
Weighted-average pay rate 
Weighted-average receive 
rate 

Cross-Currency Interest 
Rate Swaps: 
Variable to fixed interest 
Weighted-average pay rate 
Weighted-average receive 
rate 

 $ 

 8,025  

 $ 
 5.08 %    

 2,775  

 $ 
 4.91 %    

 2,775  

 $ 
 4.91 %    

 9,900  

 $ 
 5.69 %    

 1,275  

 $ 
 3.65 %    

 28,794  

 $ 
 3.65 %    

 53,544  

 4.37 %   

 5.24 %    

 4.61 %    

 4.61 %    

 5.12 %    

 3.77 %    

 3.77 %    

 4.33 %   

 $ 

 14,100  

 $ 
 8.20 %    

 1,350  

 $ 
 9.75 %    

 1,350  

 $ 
 9.75 %    

 7,424  

 $ 
 9.75 %    

 —  
 — %    

 —  
 $ 
 — %    

 24,224  

 8.85 %   

 5.05 %    

 5.32 %    

 5.32 %    

 5.32 %    

 — %    

 — %    

 5.16 %   

(1)  The Company has disclosed the future annual maturities of long-term debt, for which it has entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps, 
using the derivative obligation as of August 31, 2019 to estimate the future commitments. Therefore, the total annual commitments reflects 
these obligations, including the effect of the cross-currency interest rate swaps on the total-long term debt as disclosed on the consolidated 
balance sheet. 

Foreign Currency Risk 

We have foreign currency risks related to sales, operating expenses and financing transactions in currencies other than 
the U.S. dollar. As of August 31, 2019, we had a total of 43 consolidated warehouse clubs operating in 12 foreign countries and 
one U.S. territory, 34 of which operate under currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Approximately 52.0% of our net merchandise 
sales are comprised of products we purchased in U.S. dollars and were sold in countries whose currencies were other than the 
U.S. dollar. Approximately 77.0% of our net merchandise sales are in markets whose functional currency is other than the U.S. 
dollar. We may enter into additional foreign countries in the future or open additional locations in existing countries, which may 
increase the percentage of net merchandise sales denominated in foreign currencies. 

Currency  exchange  rate  changes  either  increase  or  decrease  the  cost  of  imported  products  that  we  purchase  in  U.S. 
dollars and price in local currency. Price changes can impact the demand for those products in the market. Currency exchange 
rates also affect the reported sales of the consolidated company when local currency-denominated sales are translated to U.S. 
dollars. In addition, we revalue all U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities within those markets that do not use the  U.S. 
dollar as the functional currency. These assets and liabilities include, but are not limited to, excess cash permanently reinvested 
offshore and the value of items shipped from the U.S. to our foreign markets. The gain or loss associated with this revaluation, 
net of reserves, is recorded in other income (expense). 

Foreign currencies in most of the countries where we operate have historically devalued against the U.S. dollar and are 
expected to continue to devalue.  The following tables summarize by country, for those countries with functional currencies other 
than the U.S. dollar, the weakening of the countries' currency against the U.S. dollar (devaluation) or the strengthening of their 
currencies (revaluation): 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Country 
Colombia 
Costa Rica 
Dominican Republic 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Nicaragua 
Trinidad 

Revaluation/(Devaluation) 

  Twelve Months Ended August 31, 

2019 

2018 

  % Change 

  % Change 

 (13.21) %   
 0.84 %   
 (3.02) %   
 (1.57) %   
 (2.25) %   
 (0.28) %   
 (5.00) %   
 0.01 %   

 (3.07)  % 
 (0.25)  % 
 (4.48)  % 
 (3.73)  % 
 (2.78)  % 
 (5.48)  % 
 (5.00)  % 
 (0.12)  % 

We seek to manage foreign exchange risk by (1) adjusting prices on goods acquired in U.S. dollars on a periodic basis 
to maintain our target margins after taking into account changes in exchange rates; (2) obtaining local currency loans from banks 
within certain markets where it is economical to do so and where management believes the risk of devaluation and the level of 
U.S. dollar denominated liabilities warrants this action; (3) reducing the time between the acquisition of product in U.S. dollars 
and the settlement of that purchase in local currency; (4) maintaining a balance between assets held in local currency and in U.S. 
dollars; and (5) by entering into cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward currency derivatives. We have local-currency-
denominated long-term loans in Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala and Barbados; we have cross-currency interest rate 
swaps in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Honduras; and we have interest rate swaps in Panama and in the United States. Turbulence 
in the currency markets can have a significant impact on the value of the foreign currencies within the countries in which we 
operate. We report the gains or losses associated with the revaluation of these monetary assets and liabilities on our Consolidated 
Statements  of  Income  under  the  heading  “Other  income  (expense),  net.”  Future  volatility  and  uncertainties  regarding  the 
currencies in the countries that we operate in could have a material impact on our operations in future periods. However, there is 
no way to accurately forecast how currencies may trade in the future and, as a result, we cannot accurately project the impact of 
the change in rates on our future demand for imported products, reported sales, or financial results. 

We are exposed to foreign exchange risks related to U.S. dollar-denominated and other foreign-denominated cash, cash 
equivalents and restricted cash, to U.S. dollar-denominated intercompany debt balances and to other U.S. dollar-denominated 
debt/asset  balances  (excluding  U.S.  dollar-denominated  debt  obligations  for  which  we  hedge  a  portion  of  the  currency  risk 
inherent in the interest and principal payments), within entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. The following 
table  discloses  the  net  effect  on  other  income  (expense)  for  these  U.S.  dollar-denominated  and  other  foreign-denominated 
accounts relative to hypothetical simultaneous currency devaluation in all the countries listed in the table above, based on balances 
as of August 31, 2019: 

Gains based on change in 
U.S. dollar denominated 
and other foreign 
denominated cash, cash 
equivalents and restricted 
cash balances (in 
thousands) 

(Losses) based on 
change in U.S. dollar 
denominated inter-
company balances (in 
thousands) 

(Losses) based on 
change in U.S. dollar 
denominated other 
asset/liability balances, 
(in thousands) 

Net gain (loss) 

 2,152   $ 
 4,303   $ 
 8,608   $ 

 (494)   $ 
 (987)   $ 
 (1,974)   $ 

 (1,787)   $ 
 (3,575)   $ 
 (7,149)   $ 

 (129) 
 (259) 
 (515) 

Overall weighted 
negative currency 
movement 
5% 
10% 
20% 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

Examples of countries where we have significant U.S. dollar net asset positions subjecting us to exchange rate losses if 
the local currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar are our Trinidad and Jamaica subsidiaries with balances of $38.9 million 
and $20.5 million, respectively as of August 31, 2019. An example of a country where we have a significant U.S. dollar net 
liability position subjecting us to exchange rate losses if the local currency weakens against the U.S. dollar, as of August 31, 2019 
is our Dominican Republic subsidiary with a $31.3 million balance.   

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We are also exposed to foreign exchange risks related to local-currency-denominated cash and cash equivalents, to local-
currency-denominated  debt  obligations,  to  local-currency-denominated  current  assets  and  liabilities  and  to  local-currency-
denominated long-term assets and liabilities within entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. The following table 
discloses  the  net  effect  on  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  for  these  local  currency  denominated  accounts  relative  to 
hypothetical simultaneous currency devaluation in all the countries listed in the table above, based on balances as of August 31, 
2019: 

Other comprehensive 
loss on the decline in 
local currency 
denominated cash and 
cash equivalents and 
restricted cash (in 
thousands) 

Other 
comprehensive gain 
on the decline in 
foreign currency 
denominated debt 
obligations (in 
thousands) 

Other comprehensive 
loss on the decline in 
all other foreign 
currency denominated 
current assets net of 
current liabilities (in 
thousands) 

Other comprehensive 
loss on the decline in 
all other foreign 
currency denominated 
long-term assets net of 
long-term liabilities (in 
thousands) 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 1,865   $ 
 3,730   $ 
 7,460   $ 

 (1,009)   $ 
 (2,018)   $ 
 (4,035)   $ 

 3,398   $ 
 6,796   $ 
 13,593   $ 

 19,443 
 38,885 
 77,770 

Overall weighted 
negative currency 
movement 
5% 
10% 
20% 

In addition, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations associated with our U.S. dollar-denominated 
debt obligations that we hedge. We hedge a portion of the currency risk inherent in the interest and principal payments associated 
with this debt through the use of cross-currency interest rate swaps. The terms of these swap agreements are commensurate with 
the underlying debt obligations. The aggregate fair value of these swaps was in a net asset position of approximately $2.0 million 
at August 31, 2019 and approximately $1.9 million at August 31, 2018.  A hypothetical 10% increase in the currency exchange 
rates underlying these swaps from the market rates at August 31, 2019 would have resulted in a further increase in the value of 
the swaps of approximately $810,000. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% decrease in the currency exchange rates underlying these 
swaps from the market rates at August 31, 2019 would have resulted in a net decrease in the value of the swaps of approximately 
of $1.0 million. 

From time to time we use non-deliverable forward foreign exchange contracts primarily to address exposure to U.S. 
dollar merchandise inventory expenditures made by our international subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the 
U.S. dollar.  These contracts are treated for accounting purposes as fair value contracts and do not qualify for derivative hedge 
accounting.  The market risk related to foreign currency forward contracts would be measured by estimating the potential impact 
of a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the local currency exchange rates. The net increase or decrease in the 
fair value of these derivative instruments would be economically offset by the gains or losses on the underlying transactions.   

Commodity Price Risk 

The increasing price of oil and certain commodities could have a negative effect on our operating costs and sales. Higher 
oil prices can negatively impact the economic growth of the countries in which we operate, thereby reducing the buying power 
of  our  members.  Higher  oil  prices  can  also  increase  our  operating  costs,  particularly  utilities  and  distribution  expenses. 
Inflationary  pressures  on  various  commodities  also  may  impact  consumer  spending.  We  do  not  currently  seek  to  hedge 
commodity price risk. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of PriceSmart, Inc.  

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited PriceSmart, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2019, based on criteria established 
in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
2013  framework  (the  COSO  criteria).  In  our  opinion,  PriceSmart,  Inc.  (the  Company)  maintained,  in  all  material  respects, 
effective internal control over financial reporting as of August 31, 2019, based on the COSO criteria.  

We also have  audited, in accordance  with the  standards of the  Public  Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(PCOAB), the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PriceSmart, Inc. as of August 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related 
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 
August 31, 2019 and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated 
October 29, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. 

Basis for Opinion 

The  Company’s  management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  for  its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report 
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal controls 
over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all 
material respects. 

Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a  material 
weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and 
performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit  provides  a 
reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting  

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that 
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions 
of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation 
of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the 
company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide 
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because 
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 

San Diego, California 

October 29, 2019 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

ASSETS 
Current Assets: 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term restricted cash 
Short-term investments 
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $144 as of August 31, 2019 and $97 
as of August 31, 2018, respectively. 
Merchandise inventories 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (includes $2,736 and $0 as of August 31, 2019 
and August 31, 2018, respectively, for the fair value of derivative instruments) 
Total current assets 
Long-term restricted cash 
Property and equipment, net 
Goodwill 
Other intangibles, net 
Deferred tax assets 
Other non-current assets (includes $0 and $4,364 as of August 31, 2019 and August 31, 
2018, respectively, for the fair value of derivative instruments) 
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates 
Total Assets 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 
Current Liabilities: 
Short-term borrowings 
Accounts payable 
Accrued salaries and benefits 
Deferred income 
Income taxes payable 
Other accrued expenses  
Long-term debt, current portion 
Total current liabilities 
Deferred tax liability 
Long-term portion of deferred rent 
Long-term income taxes payable, net of current portion 
Long-term debt, net of current portion 
Other long-term liabilities (includes $2,910 and $502 for the fair value of derivative 
instruments and $5,421 and $4,715 for post-employment plans as of August 31, 2019 and 
August 31, 2018, respectively)  
Total Liabilities 

August 31, 

2019 

2018 

 102,653   $ 
 54  
 17,045  

 9,872  
 331,273  

 30,999  
 491,896  
 3,529  
 671,151  
 46,101  
 12,576  
 15,474  

 93,460 
 405 
 32,304 

 8,859 
 321,025 

 31,800 
 487,853 
 3,049 
 594,403 
 46,329 
 14,980 
 10,166 

 44,987  
 10,697  
 1,296,411   $ 

 48,854 
 10,758 
 1,216,392 

 7,540   $ 

 286,219  
 25,401  
 25,340  
 4,637  
 32,442  
 25,875  
 407,454  
 2,015  
 11,198  
 5,069  
 63,711  

 — 
 255,739 
 22,836 
 23,018 
 4,636 
 28,281 
 14,855 
 349,365 
 1,894 
 8,885 
 4,622 
 87,720 

 8,685  
 498,132  

 5,268 
 457,754 

Stockholders' Equity: 
Common stock $0.0001 par value, 45,000,000 shares authorized; 31,461,359 and 
31,372,752 shares issued and 30,538,788 and 30,460,353 shares outstanding (net of 
treasury shares) as of August 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018, respectively 
Additional paid-in capital 
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 
Retained earnings 
Less: treasury stock at cost, 924,332 shares as of August 31, 2019 and 912,399 shares as of 
August 31, 2018 
Total stockholders' equity attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. stockholders 
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries 
Total stockholders' equity   
Total Liabilities and Equity 

 3  
 443,084  
 11,486  
 (144,339)  
 525,804  

 3 
 432,882 
 11,486 
 (121,216) 
 473,954 

 (38,687)  
 797,351  
 928  
 798,279  
 1,296,411   $ 

 (39,107) 
 758,002 
 636 
 758,638 
 1,216,392 

  $ 

See accompanying notes. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) 

Revenues: 
Net merchandise sales 
Export sales 
Membership income 
Other revenue and income 
Total revenues 
Operating expenses: 
Cost of goods sold: 

Net merchandise sales 
Export sales 
Non-merchandise 

Selling, general and administrative: 

Warehouse club and other operations 
General and administrative 
Pre-opening expenses 
Asset impairment 
Loss on disposal of assets 

Total operating expenses 
Operating income 
Other income (expense): 
Interest income 
Interest expense 
Other income (expense), net 
Total other income (expense) 
Income before provision for income taxes and  
income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 
Provision for income taxes 
Income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 
Net income 
Less: net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. per share available for 
distribution: 
Basic 
Diluted 
Shares used in per share computations: 
Basic 
Diluted 
Dividends per share 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

 3,091,648   $ 
 30,981  
 52,149  
 49,140  
 3,223,918  

 3,053,754   $ 
 40,581  
 50,821  
 21,546  
 3,166,702  

 2,910,062 
 34,244 
 47,743 
 4,579 
 2,996,628 

 2,648,665  
 29,524  
 17,502  

 307,823  
 101,432  
 2,726  
 —  
 1,079  
 3,108,751  
 115,167  

 1,489  
 (3,939)  
 (1,607)  
 (4,057)  

 2,610,111  
 38,740  
 7,669  

 291,488  
 88,461  
 913  
 1,929  
 1,339  
 3,040,650  
 126,052  

 1,415  
 (5,071)  
 192  
 (3,464)  

 111,110  
 (37,560)  
 (61)  
 73,489   $ 
 (298)  
 73,191   $ 

 122,588  
 (48,177)  
 (8)  
 74,403   $ 
 (75)  
 74,328   $ 

 2.40   $ 
 2.40   $ 

 2.44   $ 
 2.44   $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 30,195  
 30,195  

 30,115  
 30,115  

  $ 

 0.70   $ 

 0.70   $ 

 2,487,146 
 32,606 
 — 

 268,629 
 70,013 
 44 
 — 
 1,961 
 2,860,399 
 136,229 

 1,809 
 (6,777) 
 1,482 
 (3,486) 

 132,743 
 (42,018) 
 (1) 
 90,724 
 — 
 90,724 

 2.98 
 2.98 

 30,020 
 30,023 
 0.70 

See accompanying notes. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS) 

Net income 
Less: net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 

  $ 

  $ 

 73,489   $ 
 (298)  
 73,191   $ 

 74,403   $ 
 (75)  
 74,328   $ 

 90,724 
 — 
 90,724 

2019 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2017 

Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax: 

Foreign currency translation adjustments (1) 
Defined benefit pension plan: 

Net gain (loss) arising during period 
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial gains 
included in net periodic pensions cost 

Total defined benefit pension plan 
Derivative instruments: (2) 

Unrealized gains/(losses) on change in derivative 
obligations 
Unrealized gains/(losses) on change in  
fair value of interest rate swaps 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) to other income (expense), 
for settlement of derivatives 

Total derivative instruments 
Other comprehensive income (loss) 
Comprehensive income 
Less: comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling 
interest 
Comprehensive income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
stockholders 

  $ 

 (19,717)  

 (12,890)   $ 

 (6,297) 

 (112)  

 74  
 (38)  

 (267)  

 (3,102)  

 1  
 (3,368)  
 (23,123)  
 50,068  

 (87)  

 41  
 (46)  

 (97)  

 1,882  

 (6)  
 1,779  
 (11,157)  
 63,171  

 (166) 

 39 
 (127) 

 81 

 254 

 (19) 
 316 
 (6,108) 
 84,616 

 21  

 (1)  

 — 

 50,047   $ 

 63,172   $ 

 84,616 

(1)  Translation adjustments arising in translating the financial statements of a foreign entity have no effect on the income taxes of that foreign 
entity. They may, however, affect: (a) the amount, measured in the parent entity's reporting currency, of withholding taxes assessed on 
dividends paid to the parent entity and (b) the amount of taxes assessed on the parent entity by the government of its country.  The Company 
has determined that the reinvestment of earnings of its foreign subsidiaries are indefinite because of the long-term nature of the Company's 
foreign investment plans. Therefore, deferred taxes are not provided for on translation adjustments related to non-remitted earnings of the 
Company's foreign subsidiaries. 

(2)  See Note 13 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. 

See accompanying notes. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS) 

Operating Activities: 
Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating 
activities: 
Depreciation and amortization 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Asset impairment and closure costs 
(Gain)/loss on sale of property and equipment 
Deferred income taxes 
Equity in (gains)/losses of unconsolidated affiliates 
Stock-based compensation 
Change in operating assets and liabilities: 
Receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, non-current 
assets, accrued salaries and benefits, deferred membership income and 
other accruals 
Merchandise inventories 
Accounts payable 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 
Investing Activities: 
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired 
Additions to property and equipment 
Short-term investments 
Proceeds from settlements of short-term investments 
Deposits for land purchase option agreements 
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 
Financing Activities: 
Proceeds from long-term bank borrowings 
Repayment of long-term bank borrowings 
Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings 
Repayment of short-term bank borrowings 
Cash dividend payments 
Purchase of treasury stock for tax withholding on stock compensation 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 
Other financing activities 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and 
restricted cash 
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: 
Cash paid during the period for: 

Interest, net of amounts capitalized 
Income taxes 

Dividends declared but not paid 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

 73,489   $ 

 74,403   $ 

 90,724 

 54,958  
 47  
 —  
 1,079  
 (4,401)  
 61  
 15,061  

 14,961  
 (10,248)  
 25,325  
 170,332  

 —  
 (140,061)  
 (15,244)  
 30,527  
 —  
 74  
 (124,704)  

 —  
 (12,939)  
 18,403  
 (10,863)  
 (21,654)  
 (4,604)  
 —  
 (298)  
 (31,955)  

 52,640  
 (369)  
 1,929  
 1,339  
 6,962  
 8  
 10,218  

 (1,108)  
 (10,079)  
 (16,489)  
 119,454  

 (23,895)  
 (98,109)  
 (77,997)  
 45,693  
 (100)  
 629  
 (153,779)  

 28,500  
 (32,088)  
 81,851  
 (81,851)  
 (21,240)  
 (3,183)  
 269  
 (75)  
 (27,817)  

 (4,351)  
 9,322  
 96,914  
 106,236   $ 

 (6,656)  
 (68,798)  
 165,712  

 96,914   $ 

 46,292 
 — 
 — 
 1,961 
 (2,845) 
 1 
 9,689 

 1,894 
 (28,039) 
 3,344 
 123,021 

 — 
 (135,294) 
 — 
 — 
 (300) 
 377 
 (135,217) 

 47,700 
 (29,395) 
 678 
 (17,179) 
 (21,285) 
 (3,193) 
 704 
 — 
 (21,970) 

 (2,838) 
 (37,004) 
 202,716 
 165,712 

 3,504   $ 
 48,312   $ 
 —   $ 

 4,955   $ 
 52,151   $ 
 —   $ 

 3,765 
 44,261 
 — 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

35 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the statement 

of financial position that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statement of cash flows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Short-term restricted cash 
Long-term restricted cash 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the 
Consolidated statements of cash flows 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 
 102,653   $ 
 54  
 3,529   $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 93,460   $ 
 405  
 3,049   $ 

2017 
 162,434 
 460 
 2,818 

  $ 

 106,236   $ 

 96,914   $ 

 165,712 

See accompanying notes. 

36 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

NOTE 1 – COMPANY OVERVIEW AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

PriceSmart,  Inc.’s  (“PriceSmart,”  the  “Company,”  or  "we")  business  consists  primarily  of  international  membership 
shopping warehouse clubs similar to, but smaller in size than, warehouse clubs in the United States.  As of  August 31, 2019, the 
Company had 43 warehouse clubs in operation in 12 countries and one U.S. territory (seven each in Colombia and Costa Rica;  
six in Panama; five in Dominican Republic; four in Trinidad; three each in Guatemala and Honduras, two each in El Salvador 
and Nicaragua; and one each in Aruba, Barbados, Jamaica, and the United States Virgin Islands), of which the Company owns 
100%  of  the  corresponding  legal  entities  (see  Note  2  -  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies).  In  October  2019,  the 
Company opened a new warehouse club in Panama City, Panama, bringing the Company’s total to 44 warehouse clubs as of the 
date of this filing. The Company is currently constructing and plans to open another warehouse club in San Cristobal, Guatemala, 
in November 2019. The Company also plans to build or is building new warehouse clubs in  Liberia, Costa Rica; Bogota and 
Bucaramanga, Colombia; and Portmore, Jamaica. The new warehouse club in Liberia is expected to open in the summer of 2020, 
while the Bogota, Bucaramanga, and Portmore clubs are expected to open in the fall of 2020. Once these five new clubs are open, 
the Company will operate 49 warehouse clubs. 

PriceSmart is expanding its omni-channel capabilities, including through its e-commerce platform, by investing in and 
integrating technology, talent and cross-border logistics infrastructure obtained as part of the acquisition of a company in March 
2018.  PriceSmart  expects  these  investments  and  this  integration  to  enhance  the  membership  shopping  experience,  drive 
efficiencies and fuel sales growth. The Company acquired by PriceSmart also operates a legacy marketplace and casillero business 
through the Aeropost brand in  38 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, many of which overlap with markets where 
PriceSmart operates its warehouse clubs. 

Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions 
to Form 10-K for annual financial reporting pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 
(“SEC”) and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for annual financial information. The consolidated financial 
statements include the accounts of PriceSmart, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.  Inter-company transactions 
between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. 

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Principles of Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements of the Company included herein include the assets, 
liabilities and results of operations of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, subsidiaries in which it has a controlling interest, 
and the Company’s joint ventures for which the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary.  The Company reports 
noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities as a component of equity separate from the Company’s equity. The Company’s 
net income excludes income attributable to its noncontrolling interests.  Additionally, the consolidated financial statements also 
include the Company's investment in, and the Company's share of the income (loss) of, joint ventures recorded under the equity 
method.    All  significant  inter-company  accounts  and  transactions  have  been  eliminated  in  consolidation.    The  consolidated 
financial  statements  have  been  prepared  by  the  Company  pursuant  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  SEC  and  reflect  all 
adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the 
financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.   

The Company determines whether any of the joint ventures in which it has made investments is a Variable Interest Entity 
(“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and if a reconsideration event has occurred.  At this time, the Company also considers 
whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement in a VIE.  A reporting entity must consolidate 
a VIE if that reporting entity has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) that will absorb a majority of the VIE's 
expected losses, receive a majority of the VIE's expected residual returns, or both.  A reporting entity must consider the rights 
and obligations conveyed by its variable interests and the relationship of its variable interests with variable interests held by other 
parties to determine  whether its variable interests will absorb a majority of a VIE's expected losses, receive a majority of the 
VIE's expected residual returns, or both.  The reporting entity that consolidates a VIE is called the primary beneficiary of  that 
VIE.  If the Company determines that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, then the Company records its investment in, 
and the Company's share of the income (loss) of, joint ventures recorded under the equity method. Due to the nature of the joint 
ventures that the Company participates in and the continued commitments for additional financing, the  Company determined 
these joint ventures are VIEs. 

F-37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The Company  has determined that  for its ownership interest in store-front joint  ventures  within its  marketplace and 
casillero business, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance 
of these VIE’s. Therefore, the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and has consolidated 
these entities within its consolidated financial statements.  The Company's ownership interest in these store-front joint ventures, 
for which the Company has consolidated their financial statements as of August 31, 2019 are listed below: 

Marketplace and Casillero Store-front Joint Ventures 
Guatemala 
Tortola 
Trinidad 

Countries 
Guatemala 
  British Virgin Islands  
Trinidad 

Ownership 

Basis of 
Presentation 
 60.0 %    Consolidated 
 50.0 %    Consolidated 
 50.0 %    Consolidated 

In the case of the  Company's ownership interest in real estate development joint ventures,  both parties to each joint 
venture  share all rights, obligations and the power to direct the activities of  the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's 
economic performance. As a result, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and, therefore, 
has accounted for these entities under the equity method.  Under the equity method, the Company's investments in unconsolidated 
affiliates are initially recorded as an investment in the stock of an investee at cost and are adjusted for the carrying amount of the 
investment to recognize the investor's share of the earnings or losses of the investee after the date of the initial investment.  The 
Company's ownership interest in real estate development joint ventures the Company has recorded under the equity method as of 
August 31, 2019 are listed below:  

Real Estate Development Joint Ventures 
GolfPark Plaza, S.A. 
Price Plaza Alajuela PPA, S.A. 

Countries 
Panama 
Costa Rica 

  Ownership 

 50.0 %   
 50.0 %   

Basis of 
Presentation 
Equity(1) 
Equity(1) 

(1) 

Joint venture interests are recorded as investment in unconsolidated affiliates on the consolidated balance sheets. 

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect  the amounts reported in the consolidated  financial statements and accompanying 
notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents – The Company considers as cash and cash equivalents all cash on deposit, highly liquid 
investments  with  a  maturity  of  three  months  or  less  at  the  date  of  purchase,  and  proceeds  due  from  credit  and  debit  card 
transactions in the process of settlement.  

Restricted Cash – The changes in restricted cash are disclosed within the consolidated statement of cash flows based 

on the nature of the restriction. The following table summarizes the restricted cash reported by the Company (in thousands): 

Short-term restricted cash: 
Restricted cash for land purchase option agreements 
Other short-term restricted cash 
Total short-term restricted cash 

Long-term restricted cash: 
Other long-term restricted cash (1) 
Total long-term restricted cash 
Total restricted cash 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 50   $ 
 4  
 54   $ 

 3,529   $ 
 3,529   $ 
 3,583   $ 

 400 
 5 
 405 

 3,049 
 3,049 
 3,454 

(1)  Other long-term restricted cash consists mainly of cash deposits held within banking institutions in compliance with federal regulatory 

requirements in Costa Rica and Panama. 

Short-Term Investments –The Company considers as short-term investments certificates of deposit and similar time-

based deposits with financial institutions with maturities over three months and up to one year.  

F-38 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Goodwill and Other Intangibles – Goodwill and other intangibles totaled  $58.7 million as of August 31, 2019 and 
$61.3 million as of August 31, 2018.  The Company reviews reported goodwill and other intangibles at the cash-generating unit 
level for impairment. The Company tests Goodwill for impairment at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances 
indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended August 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands): 

Goodwill at August 31, 2018 

Foreign currency exchange rate changes 

Goodwill at August 31, 2019 

Other intangibles at August 31, 2018 

Amortization 

Net other intangibles at August 31, 2019 

Total goodwill and other intangibles, net 

August 31, 
2019 

 46,329 
 (228) 
 46,101 

August 31, 
2019 

 14,980 
 (2,404) 
 12,576 

 58,677 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

The table below shows our estimated amortization of intangibles for fiscal years 2020 through 2024 and thereafter (in 

thousands): 

Twelve Months Ended August 31, 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
Total 

  $ 

  $ 

Amount 

 2,411   
 2,404  
 2,404  
 1,373  
 205  
 3,779  
 12,576  

Tax Receivables – The Company pays Value Added Tax (“VAT”) or similar taxes (“input VAT”), income taxes, and 
other taxes within the normal course of the Company’s business in most of the countries in which the Company operates related 
to the procurement of merchandise and/or services it acquires and/or on sales and taxable income.  The Company also collects 
VAT or similar taxes on behalf of the government (“output VAT”) for merchandise and/or services it sells.  If the output VAT 
exceeds the input VAT, then the difference is remitted to the government, usually on a monthly basis.  If the input VAT exceeds 
the  output  VAT,  this  creates  a  VAT  receivable.  In  most  countries  where  the  Company  operates,  the  governments  have 
implemented additional collection procedures, such as requiring credit card processors to remit a portion of sales processed via 
credit card directly to the government as advance payments of VAT and/or income tax.  In the case of VAT, these procedures 
alter the natural offset of input and output VAT and generally  leaves the Company with a net VAT receivable, forcing us to 
process significant refund claims on a recurring basis.  With respect to income taxes paid, if the estimated income taxes paid or 
withheld exceed the actual income tax due this creates an income tax receivable.  The Company either requests a refund of these 
tax receivables or applies the balance to expected future tax payments.  These refund or offset processes can take anywhere from 
several months to several years to complete. 

In most countries where the Company operates, the VAT refund process is defined and structured with regular refunds 
or offsets. However, the Company, together with its tax and legal advisers, is currently seeking clarification in court and pursuing 
other alternatives in one country without a clearly defined process and expects to prevail. The balance of the VAT receivable in 
the  country  with  undefined  refund  mechanisms  was  approximately  $5.1  million  and  $3.1 million  as  of  August 31,  2019  and 
August 31, 2018, respectively.  In another country in which the Company has warehouse clubs, beginning in fiscal year 2015, a 
new minimum income tax mechanism took effect, which requires the Company to pay taxes based on a percentage of sales rather 
than income.  As a result, the Company is making income tax payments substantially in excess of those it would expect to pay 
based on taxable income. The rules (which the Company has challenged in court), effective for fiscal years 2015 to 2018, do not 
clearly allow the Company to obtain a refund or offset this excess income tax against other taxes. As of August 31, 2019, the 
Company had deferred tax assets of approximately $2.6 million in this country. Also, the Company had an income tax receivable 

F-39 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

balance of $7.8 million as of August 31, 2019 related to excess payments from fiscal years 2015 to 2019. In fiscal year 2018, a 
revised minimum tax law was passed in this country, which beginning in fiscal year 2020 will reduce the minimum tax rate. 
Additionally, this law clarifies, on a go-forward basis, the reimbursement process for excess  minimum tax paid beginning in 
fiscal year 2019, but does not address periods prior to fiscal year 2019.  Nevertheless, the Company has not placed any type  of 
allowance on the recoverability of these tax receivables or deferred tax assets because the Company believes that it is more likely 
than not that it will ultimately succeed in its refund requests, related appeals and/or court challenge on these matters. 

The  Company’s policy  for classification and presentation  of VAT receivables, income tax receivables and other tax 

receivables is as follows: 

(cid:120) 

Short-term VAT and Income tax receivables, recorded as Other current assets: This classification is used for any 
countries where the Company’s subsidiary has generally demonstrated the ability to recover the VAT or income tax 
receivable within one year.  The Company also classifies as short-term any approved refunds or credit notes to the 
extent that the Company expects to receive the refund or use the credit notes within one year. 

(cid:120)  Long-term VAT and Income tax receivables, recorded as Other non-current assets:  This classification is used for 
amounts not approved for refund or credit in countries where the Company’s subsidiary has not demonstrated the 
ability to obtain refunds within one year and/or for amounts which are subject to outstanding disputes.  An allowance 
is  provided  against  VAT  and  income  tax  receivable  balances  in  dispute  when  the  Company  does  not  expect  to 
eventually prevail in its recovery. The Company does not currently have any allowances provided against VAT and 
income tax receivables. 

The following table summarizes the VAT receivables reported by the Company (in thousands): 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
Other non-current assets 
Total amount of VAT receivable reported 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

  $ 

 1,639   $ 

 22,691    
 24,330   $ 

 5,921 
 19,224 
 25,145 

The following table summarizes the income tax receivables reported by the Company (in thousands): 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
Other non-current assets 
Total amount of income tax receivable reported 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

  $ 

 9,009   $ 

 16,381    
 25,390   $ 

 6,344 
 18,165 
 24,509 

Lease Accounting – Certain of the Company's operating leases where the Company is the lessee provide for minimum 
annual payments that increase over the life of the lease. The aggregate minimum annual payments are expensed on the straight-
line basis beginning when the Company takes possession of the property and extending over the term of the related lease including 
renewal options when the exercise of the option is reasonably assured as an economic penalty may be incurred if the option is 
not exercised. The amount by which straight-line rent exceeds actual lease payment requirements in the early years of the leases 
is accrued as deferred rent and reduced in later years when the actual cash payment requirements exceed the straight-line expense. 
The  Company  also  accounts  in  its  straight-line  computation  for  the  effect  of  any  “rental  holidays”  and  lessor-paid  tenant 
improvements. In addition to the minimum annual payments, in certain locations, the Company pays additional contingent rent 
based on a contractually stipulated percentage of sales. 

Operating leases where the Company is the lessor with lease payments that have fixed and determinable rent increases 
are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also accounts in its straight-line computation 
for the effect of any "rental holidays."  

Merchandise Inventories – Merchandise inventories, which include merchandise for resale, are valued at the lower of 
cost (average cost) or net realizable value.  The Company provides for estimated inventory losses and obsolescence between 
physical inventory counts on the basis of a percentage of sales.  The provision is adjusted periodically to reflect the trend of actual 
physical  inventory  count  results,  with  physical  inventories  occurring  primarily  in  the  second  and  fourth  fiscal  quarters.    In 
addition, the Company may be required to take markdowns below the carrying cost of certain inventory to expedite the sale of 
such merchandise. 

F-40 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Stock Based Compensation – The Company utilizes three types of equity awards: restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), 
restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance based restricted stock units (“PSUs”).  Compensation related to RSAs, RSUs 
and PSUs is based on the fair market value at the time of grant.  The Company recognizes the compensation cost related to RSAs 
and RSUs over the requisite service period as determined by the grant, amortized ratably or on a straight-line basis over the life 
of the grant.  The Company recognizes compensation cost for PSUs over the performance period. The Company assesses the 
probability  of  vesting  for  awards  with  performance  conditions  and  adjusts  compensation  cost  based  on  the  probability  that 
performance  metrics  will be achieved. If the  Company determines that an award is unlikely to vest, any previously recorded 
expense is then reversed. 

The Company accounts for actual forfeitures as they occur.  The Company records the tax savings resulting from tax 
deductions in excess of expense for stock-based compensation and the tax deficiency resulting from stock-based compensation 
in  excess  of  the  related  tax  deduction  as  income  tax  expense  or  benefit.  In  addition,  the  Company  reflects  the  tax  savings 
(deficiency) resulting from the taxation of stock-based compensation as an operating cash flow in its consolidated statement of 
cash flows. 

RSAs are outstanding shares of common stock and have the same cash dividend and voting rights as other shares of 
common stock. Shares of common stock subject to RSUs are not issued nor outstanding until vested, and RSUs do not have the 
same dividend and voting rights as common stock.  However, all outstanding RSUs have accompanying dividend equivalents, 
requiring payment to the employees and directors with unvested RSUs of amounts equal to the dividend they would have received 
had the shares of common stock underlying the RSUs been actually issued and outstanding.  Payments of dividend equivalents 
to employees are recorded as compensation expense. 

PSUs, similar to RSUs, are awarded with dividend equivalents, provided that such amounts become payable only if the 
performance metric is achieved. At the time the Compensation Committee confirms the performance metric has been achieved, 
the accrued dividend equivalents are paid on the PSUs. 

In  October  2018,  the  Company’s  then  Chief  Executive  Officer  (“former  C.E.O.”), resigned  by  mutual  agreement 
with the  Board  of  Directors.  In  connection  with  his  departure,  the  Company  recognized  a  one-time  separation  charge  of 
approximately $3.8 million  ($3.6 million  net  of  tax)  in  the  first  quarter  of  fiscal  year  2019.  This  amount  was  comprised  of 
approximately $2.9 million  of  non-cash  charges 
the  acceleration  of  certain  equity  awards  and 
approximately $892,000 for other separation costs. Given that the former C.E.O. had substantially rendered the required services 
per his separation agreement, the Company recorded these charges in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.  This charge was recorded 
in the General and administrative caption within the Consolidated Statements of Income and is recorded in the Company’s United 
States segment. The Company will substantially fulfill all payment obligations by the end of the third quarter of fiscal year 2020. 

related 

to 

Treasury Stock – Shares of common stock repurchased by the Company are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result 
in the reduction of stockholders’ equity in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The Company may reissue these treasury 
shares as part of its stock-based compensation programs.  When treasury shares are reissued, the Company uses the first in/first 
out (“FIFO”) cost method for determining cost of the reissued shares.  If the issuance price is higher than the cost, the excess of 
the issuance price over the cost is credited to additional paid-in capital (“APIC”).  If the issuance price is lower than the cost, the 
difference is first charged against any credit balance in APIC from treasury stock and the balance is charged to retained earnings. 
During the twelve months ended August 31, 2019, the Company reissued approximately 63,000 treasury shares. 

Fair  Value  Measurements  – The  Company  measures  the  fair  value  for  all  financial  and  nonfinancial  assets  and 
liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring or nonrecurring 
basis.    The  fair  value  of  an  asset  is  the  price  at  which  the  asset  could  be  sold  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  unrelated, 
knowledgeable and willing parties able to engage in the transaction.  A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would 
be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor in a transaction between such parties, not the amount that would be paid to settle 
the liability with the creditor. 

The  Company  has  established  a  three-tier  fair  value  hierarchy,  which  prioritizes  the  inputs  used  in  measuring  and 
revaluing fair value.  These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, 
defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined 
as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.  The 
Company was not required to revalue any assets or liabilities utilizing Level 1 or Level 3 inputs at the balance sheet dates.  The 
Company's Level 2 assets and liabilities revalued at the balance sheet dates, on a recurring basis, consisted of cash flow hedges 
(interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps) and forward foreign exchange contracts.  In addition, the Company 
utilizes Level 2 inputs in determining the fair value of long-term debt.  The Company did not make any significant transfers in 
and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value tiers during the periods reported on herein. 

F-41 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Non-financial assets and liabilities are revalued and recognized at fair value subsequent to initial recognition when there 

is evidence of impairment.  For the periods reported, no impairment of such non-financial assets was recorded. 

The disclosure of fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at cost is as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. 

Short-term restricted cash:  The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. 

Short-term investments:  Short-term investments consists of certificates of deposit and similar time-based deposits with 
financial institutions with maturity dates over three months and up to twelve months.  The carrying value approximates 
fair value due to the maturity of the underlying certificates of deposit within the normal operating cycle of the Company. 

Long-term restricted cash:  Long-term restricted cash primarily consists of auto renewable 3-12 month certificates of 
deposit, which are held as collateral against our long-term debt. The carrying value approximates fair value due to the 
maturity of the underlying certificates of deposit within the normal operating cycle of the Company. 

Accounts receivable:  The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these accounts. 

Short-term VAT and Income tax receivables:  The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity of 
these accounts. 

Long-term VAT and income tax receivables: The fair value of long-term receivables would normally be measured using 
a discounted cash flow analysis based on the current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments, with 
an estimate of the time these receivables are expected to be outstanding. The Company is not able to provide an estimate 
as to the time these receivables owed to the Company by various government agencies are expected to be outstanding; 
therefore, the Company has not presented a fair value on the long-term VAT and income tax receivables.  

Short-term debt: The carrying value approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. 

Long-term debt: The fair value of debt is generally measured using a discounted cash flow analysis based on current 
market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments.  These inputs are not quoted prices in active markets but 
they are either directly or indirectly observable; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 inputs. The carrying value and 
fair value of the Company’s debt as of August 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands): 

August 31, 2019 

August 31, 2018 

Carrying 
Value 

Fair 
Value(1) 

Carrying 
Value 

Fair 
Value 

Long-term debt, including current portion 

  $ 

 89,586   $ 

 84,833   $ 

 102,575   $ 

 96,959 

(1)  The Company has disclosed the fair value of long-term debt, including debt for which it has entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps, 
using the derivative obligation as of August 31, 2019 to estimate the fair value of long-term debt, which includes the effects that the cross-
currency interest rate swaps have had on the fair value of long-term debt. 

Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities – The Company uses derivative financial instruments for hedging 
and non-trading purposes to manage its exposure to changes in interest and currency exchange rates.  In using derivative financial 
instruments for the purpose of hedging the Company’s exposure to interest and currency exchange rate risks, the contractual 
terms of a hedged instrument closely mirror those of the hedged item, providing a high degree of risk reduction and correlation.  
Contracts  that  are  effective  at  meeting  the  risk  reduction  and  correlation  criteria  (effective  hedge)  are  recorded  using  hedge 
accounting.  If a derivative financial instrument is an effective hedge, changes in the fair value of the instrument will be reported 
in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item completes its contractual term. Instruments that do not 
meet the criteria for hedge accounting, or contracts for which the Company has not elected hedge accounting, are valued at fair 
value with unrealized gains or losses reported in earnings during the period of the change.  The Company did not change valuation 
techniques utilized in the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets 
from  previous  practice  during  the  reporting  period.  The  Company  seeks  to  manage  counterparty  risk  associated  with  these 
contracts by limiting transactions to counterparties with which the Company has an established banking relationship.  There can 
be no assurance, however, that this practice effectively mitigates counterparty risk. 

F-42 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Cash Flow Instruments.  The Company is a party to receive floating interest rate, pay fixed-rate interest rate swaps to 
hedge the interest rate risk of certain U.S. dollar denominated debt within its international subsidiaries.  The swaps are designated 
as cash flow hedges of interest expense risk.  These instruments are considered effective hedges and are recorded using hedge 
accounting.  The Company is also a party to receive variable interest rate, pay fixed interest rate cross-currency interest rate swaps 
to  hedge  the  interest  rate  and  currency  exposure  associated  with  the  expected  payments  of  principal  and  interest  of  U.S. 
denominated debt within its international subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar.  The swaps are 
designated as cash  flow  hedges of the currency risk and interest-rate risk related to payments on the U.S. denominated debt.  
These instruments are also considered to be effective hedges and are recorded using hedge accounting.  Under cash flow hedging, 
the entire gain or loss of the derivative, calculated as the net present value of the future cash flows, is reported on the consolidated 
balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss are released 
to earnings in the same period that the hedged transaction impacts consolidated earnings.  See Note 13 - Derivative Instruments 
and  Hedging  Activities  for  information  on  the  fair  value  of  interest  rate  swaps  and  cross-currency  interest  rate  swaps  as  of 
August 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018. 

Fair Value Instruments.  The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course 
of business.  This includes exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on U.S. dollar denominated liabilities within 
the Company’s international subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar.  The Company manages these 
fluctuations, in part, through the use of non-deliverable forward foreign-exchange contracts that are intended to offset changes in 
cash flows attributable to currency exchange movements.  The contracts are intended primarily to economically address exposure 
to U.S. dollar merchandise inventory expenditures made by the Company’s international subsidiaries whose functional currency 
is other than the U.S. dollar.  Currently, these contracts are treated for accounting purposes as fair value instruments and do not 
qualify for derivative hedge accounting, and as such the Company does not apply derivative hedge accounting to record these 
transactions.  As a result, these contracts are valued at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported in earnings during the 
period of the change.  The Company seeks to mitigate foreign currency exchange-rate risk with the use of these contracts and 
does not intend to engage in speculative transactions.  These contracts do not contain any credit-risk-related contingent features 
and are limited to less than one year in duration.  

Revenue Recognition – In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 
606).  This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the 
transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those 
goods  or  services.  The  Company  adopted  this  ASU  on  September  1,  2018,  using  the  modified  retrospective  approach.  The 
accounting policies and other disclosures such as the disclosure of disaggregated revenues are in Note 3 – Revenue Recognition. 
The impact of adopting this ASU was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Insurance Reimbursements – Receipts from insurance reimbursements up to the amount of the losses recognized are 
considered  recoveries.  These  recoveries  are  accounted  for  when  they  are  probable  of  receipt.  Insurance  recoveries  are  not 
recognized  prior  to  the  recognition  of  the  related  cost.  Anticipated  proceeds  in  excess  of  the  amount  of  loss  recognized  are 
considered gains and are subject to gain contingency guidance. Anticipated proceeds in excess of a loss recognized in the financial 
statements are not recognized until all contingencies related to the insurance claim are resolved. 

Self-Insurance – PriceSmart, Inc. became self-insured in fiscal year 2018 for its U.S. employee medical health benefits 
and in doing so the Company has assumed the financial risk for providing health care benefits to its employees. The Company 
contracted with Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company (“CHLIC”), a third party administrator, to process claims on its behalf 
under an Administrative Services Only (ASO) agreement.  The Company has elected to purchase “Stop Loss Insurance” to cover 
the  risk  in  excess  of  certain  dollar  limits. The  Company  establishes  an  estimated  accrual  for  its  insurance  program  based  on 
available comparable claims data, trends and projected ultimate costs of claims. This accrual is based on estimates prepared with 
the assistance of outside actuaries, and the ultimate cost of these claims may vary from initial estimates and established accrual. 
The  actuaries  periodically  update  their  estimates,  and  the  Company  records  such  adjustments  in  the  period  in  which  such 
determination is made. The accrued obligation for this self-insurance program is included in “Accrued salaries and benefits” in 
the consolidated balance  sheets and is  $965,000  as of August 31, 2019 and  $801,000 as of August 31, 2018. However, as of 
September 30, 2019, the Company has changed health insurance providers and will no longer be self-insured as of October 1, 
2019. 

Cost of Goods Sold – The Company includes the cost of merchandise, food service and bakery raw materials in cost of 
goods sold, net merchandise sales. The Company also includes in cost of goods sold: net merchandise sales the external and 
internal distribution and handling costs for supplying merchandise, raw materials and supplies to the warehouse clubs. External 
costs include inbound freight, duties, drayage, fees, insurance, and non-recoverable value-added tax related to inventory shrink, 
spoilage and damage. Internal costs include payroll and related costs, utilities, consumable supplies, repair and maintenance, rent 
expense and building and equipment depreciation at the Company's distribution facilities and payroll and other direct costs for 
in-store demonstrations.   

F-43 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

For export sales, the Company includes the cost of merchandise and external and internal distribution and handling costs 

for supplying merchandise in cost of goods sold, exports. 

For the marketplace and casillero operations, the Company includes the costs of external and internal shipping, handling 
and  other  direct  costs  incurred  to  provide  delivery,  insurance  and  customs  processing  services  in  cost  of  goods  sold,  non-
merchandise. 

Vendor  consideration  consists  primarily  of  volume  rebates,  time-limited  product  promotions,  slotting  fees, 
demonstration reimbursements and prompt payment discounts. Volume rebates that are not threshold based are incorporated into 
the unit cost of merchandise reducing the inventory cost and cost of goods sold. Volume rebates that are threshold based are 
recorded as a reduction to cost of goods sold when the Company achieves established purchase levels that are confirmed by the 
vendor in writing or upon receipt of funds. On a quarterly basis, the Company calculates the amount of rebates recorded in cost 
of goods sold that relates to inventory on hand and this amount is reclassified as a reduction to inventory, if significant.  Slotting 
fees are related to consideration received by the  Company from vendors for preferential "end cap" placement of the vendor's 
products within the warehouse club. Demonstration reimbursements are related to consideration received by the Company from 
vendors  for  the  in  store  promotion  of  the  vendors'  products.  The  Company  records  the  reduction  in  cost  of  goods  sold  on  a 
transactional basis for these programs. Prompt payment discounts are taken in substantially all cases, and therefore, are applied 
directly to reduce the acquisition cost of the related inventory, with the resulting effect recorded to cost of goods sold when the 
inventory is sold. 

Selling, General and Administrative – Selling, general and administrative costs are comprised primarily of expenses 
associated with operating warehouse clubs and freight forwarding operations. These operations include the operating costs of the 
Company’s warehouse clubs and freight forwarding activities, including payroll and related costs, utilities, consumable supplies, 
repair  and  maintenance,  rent  expense,  building  and  equipment  depreciation,  bank  fees,  credit  card  processing  fees,  and 
amortization of intangibles. Also included in selling, general and administrative expenses are the payroll and related costs for the 
Company’s U.S. and regional management and purchasing centers. 

Pre-Opening Costs – The Company expenses pre-opening costs (the costs of start-up activities, including organization 

costs and rent) for new warehouse clubs as incurred. 

Contingencies and Litigation – The Company records and reserves for loss contingencies if (a) information available 
prior to issuance of the consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability 
had been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements and (b) the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.  If 
one or both criteria for accrual are not met, but there is at least a reasonable possibility that a material loss will occur, the Company 
does not record and reserve for a loss contingency but describes the contingency within a note and provides detail, when possible, 
of the estimated potential loss or range of loss. If an estimate cannot be made, a statement to that effect is made. 

Foreign Currency Translation – The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated to U.S. 
dollars when the functional currency in the Company’s international subsidiaries is the local currency and not U.S. dollars.  Assets 
and  liabilities  of  these  foreign  subsidiaries  are  translated  to  U.S.  dollars  at  the  exchange  rate  on  the  balance  sheet  date,  and 
revenue, costs and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange in effect during the period.  The corresponding translation 
gains and losses are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.  These adjustments will affect 
net income upon the sale or liquidation of the underlying investment.   

The following table discloses the net effect of translation into the reporting currency on other comprehensive income 

(loss) for these local currency denominated accounts for the years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: 

2019 

Years Ended August 31,  
2018 

2017 

Effect on other comprehensive (loss) income due to foreign 
currency restatement 

  $ 

 (19,717)   $ 

 (12,890)   $ 

 (6,297) 

Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  the  functional  currency  of  the  respective  entity 
(primarily U.S. dollars) are revalued to the functional currency using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date.  These foreign 
exchange transaction gains (losses), including transactions recorded involving these monetary assets and liabilities, are recorded 
as Other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of income. 

F-44 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

2019 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2017 

Currency gain (loss) 

$ 

 (1,476)   $ 

 192   $ 

 1,241 

Income Taxes  – The Company accounts  for income taxes using the asset and liability  method. Under the asset and 
liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributed to differences between 
the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and 
liabilities  are  measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary 
differences and carry-forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change 
in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  A valuation allowance is established when 
necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized. 

The Company is required to file federal and state income tax returns in the United States and various other tax returns 
in  foreign  jurisdictions.  The  preparation  of  these  tax  returns  requires  the  Company  to  interpret  the  applicable  tax  laws  and 
regulations  in  effect  in  such  jurisdictions,  which  could  affect  the  amount  of  tax  paid  by  the  Company.  The  Company,  in 
consultation  with  its  tax  advisors,  bases  its  tax  returns  on  interpretations  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances. The tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews by the various federal, state and foreign taxing authorities 
in the jurisdictions in which the Company files its returns. As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect 
to the interpretations the Company used to calculate its tax liability and therefore require the Company to pay additional taxes. 

The Company accrues an amount for its estimate of probable additional income tax liability.  In certain cases, the impact 
of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-
not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority.  An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has a 
50% or less likelihood of being sustained. This requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and 
application of complex tax laws. When facts and circumstances change, the Company reassesses these probabilities and records 
any changes in the consolidated financial statements as appropriate.  

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted 

FASB ASC 815 ASU 2018-16 – Derivatives and Hedging — Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) 
Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes 

In October 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board “FASB” issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 
2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging—Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) 
Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, which expands the list of United States benchmark interest 
rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting. The amendments in this ASU allow use of the Overnight Index Swap 
(OIS)  rate  based  on  the  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (SOFR)  as  a  U.S.  benchmark  interest  rate  for  hedge  accounting 
purposes under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning 
after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-16 on September 
1,  2019,  the  first  quarter  of  fiscal  year  2020.  The  Company  does  not  expect  this  guidance  to  have  a  material  impact  on  the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

FASB ASC 810 ASU 2018-15 – Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s 
Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract 

In  August  2018,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2018-15,  Intangibles—Goodwill  and  Other—Internal-Use  Software 
(Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service 
contract. ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that 
is  a  service  contract  with  the  requirements  for  capitalizing  implementation  costs  incurred  to  develop  or  obtain  internal-use 
software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). As such, the amendment in this ASU requires 
an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in  subtopic 350-40 in order to 
determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset and which costs to expense.  

F-45 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require the entity to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting 
arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement. The amendments in this ASU are effective for 
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. 
The Company will evaluate the impact adoption of this guidance may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

FASB ASC 718 ASU 2018-07 - Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Improvements to Nonemployee Share-
Based Payment Accounting   

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to 
Nonemployee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting,  which  expands  the  scope  to  include  share-based  payment  transactions  for 
acquiring goods and services from non-employees. The amendments in this ASU apply to all share-based payment transactions 
in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in the grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based 
payment awards. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim 
periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-07 on September 1, 2019, 
the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s 
consolidated financial statements. 

FASB ASC 350 ASU 2017-04- Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment 

In January 2017, the FASB issued Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill 
Impairment. This ASU simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 
2 from the  goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this  ASU, an entity should (1) perform its annual or interim 
goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and (2) recognize an impairment 
charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the understanding that the loss 
recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. 

Additionally, ASU 2017-04 requires any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the 
goodwill impairment test. The amendments in this  ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. 
Early  adoption  is  permitted.  The  Company  will  evaluate  the  impact  adoption  of  this  guidance  may  have  on  the  Company’s 
consolidated financial statements.  

FASB ASC 842 ASU 2016-02 -Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 842, Leases, which amends a number of aspects of lease 
accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize operating leases with a term greater than one year on their balance sheet as 
a  right-of-use  asset  and  corresponding  lease  liability,  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments.  The  standard  is 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which means 
that it became effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, beginning September 1, 2019.  

The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 on September 1, 2019, the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, using the modified 
retrospective  transition  method  and  will  not  restate  comparative  periods.  The  Company  will  elect  the  package  of  practical 
expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows the Company to carry forward the Company’s historical lease 
classification, assessment of whether a contract is or contains a lease, and initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to 
adoption of the new standard. However, the Company will not elect to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company 
estimates that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated balance sheets due to the 
recognition of lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets, resulting in a significant increase in the assets and liabilities 
on the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption. The initial right-of-use assets recognized will be equal to the initial operating 
lease liabilities, adjusted for the balance on adoption date of prepaid and accrued rent. The Company does not expect the adoption 
of ASU 2016-02 to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of 
cash flows. However, several of the Company’s leases are denominated in a currency that is not the functional currency of  the 
Company’s local subsidiary, which will result in additional potential foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation exposure. Lastly, 
the Company is currently implementing a new lease system and changes to business processes and controls to support the adoption 
of this accounting standard update. 

F-46 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted 

FASB SEC Sections ASU 2019-07 - Codification Updates to SEC Sections  

In  June  2019,  the  FASB  issued ASU  2019-07,  Codification  Updates  to  SEC  Sections,  which  amends  various  SEC 
guidance pursuant to the issuance of SEC Final  Rule Release No. 33-10532, 33-10231, and 33-10442. This ASU clarifies or 
improves  the  disclosure  and  presentation  requirements  of  a  variety  of  Codification  Topics  by  aligning  them  with  the  SEC’s 
regulations,  eliminating  redundancies,  and  making  the  Codification  easier  to  apply.  There  was  no  material  impact  to  the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures upon such adoption. 

FASB ASC 718 ASU 2017-09 - Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)—Scope of Modification Accounting 

In  May  2017,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2017-09,  Compensation—Stock  Compensation  (Topic  718):  Scope  of 
Modification  Accounting,  which  seeks  to  provide  clarity,  reduce  diversity  in  practice,  and  reduce  cost  and  complexity  when 
applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, regarding a change to the terms or conditions of a 
share-based payment award.  This ASU provides guidance concerning which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based 
payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. Specifically, an entity is to account for the effects 
of a  modification unless all of the following are satisfied: (1) the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an 
alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic 
value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; 
(2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before 
the original award is modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or as a liability instrument 
is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The amendments in this 
ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early 
adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance, prospectively, as of September 1, 2018. 

FASB ASC 715 ASU 2017-07- Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) — Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic 
Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost 

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) — Improving 
the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This ASU  is designed to improve 
guidance related to the presentation of defined benefit costs in the income statement. In particular, ASU 2017-07 requires that an 
employer report the service cost component in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs arising from services rendered 
by  the  pertinent  employees  during  the  period. The  amendments  in  this  ASU  are  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after 
December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this 
ASU retrospectively, beginning September 1, 2018, and elected to use the practical expedient as the estimation basis for applying 
the retrospective presentation requirements. The service cost component of the Company’s pension and postretirement expenses 
is reported in the Warehouse club and other operations financial statement line item. The other components of pension and post-
retirement expenses are classified in Other income (expense), net.   Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on 
the Company’s financial statements.  

FASB ASC 606 ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers 

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance 
converges the requirements for reporting revenue and requires disclosures sufficient to describe the nature, amount, timing, and 
uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows.  The  new  standard  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  and  interim  periods  within  those  years 
beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance at the beginning of its first quarter of fiscal year 2019, 
using  the  modified  retrospective  approach  through  a  cumulative  effect  adjustment  to  retained  earnings.  The  Company  has 
disclosed the impact that adoption of this guidance had for the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Note 3 – Revenue 
Recognition.   

F-47 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 3 – REVENUE RECOGNITION 

Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 
606). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the 
transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those 
goods  or  services.  The  Company  adopted  the  ASU  on  September 1,  2018,  using  the  modified  retrospective  approach.  The 
Company’s updated accounting policies and related disclosures are set forth below, including the disclosure for disaggregated 
revenue. The impact of adopting the ASU was not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.  

The Company uses the five-step model to recognize revenue: 

Identify the contract with the customer;  
Identity the performance obligation(s);  

(cid:120) 
(cid:120) 
(cid:120)  Determine the transaction price;  
(cid:120)  Allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation if multiple obligations exist; and  
(cid:120)  Recognize the revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. 

Performance Obligations 

Merchandise Sales.  The Company recognizes merchandise sales revenue, net of sales taxes, on transactions where the 
Company  has  determined  that  it  is  the  principal  in  the  sale  of  merchandise.  These  transactions  costs  may  include  shipping 
commitments and/or shipping revenue if the transaction involves delivery to the customer.   

Non-merchandise Sales. The Company recognizes non-merchandise revenue, net of sales taxes, on transactions where 
the Company has determined that it is the agent in the transaction.  These transactions primarily consist of contracts the Company 
enters into with its customers to provide delivery, insurance and customs processing services for products its customers purchase 
online in the United States either directly from other vendors utilizing the vendor’s website or through the Company’s marketplace 
site. Revenue is recognized when the Company’s performance obligations have been completed (that is when delivery of the 
items have been made to the destination point) and is recorded in “non-merchandise revenue” on the Consolidated Statements of 
Income.  Prepayment of orders for which the Company has not fulfilled its performance obligation are recorded as unearned 
revenue. Additionally,  the  Company  records  revenue  at  the  net  amounts  retained,  i.e.,  the  amount  paid  by  the  customer  less 
amounts remitted to the respective merchandise vendors, as the Company is acting as an agent and is not the principal in the sale 
of those goods being purchased from the vendors by the Company’s customers. 

Membership Fee Revenue. Membership income represents annual membership fees paid by the Company’s warehouse 
club members, which are recognized ratably over the 12-month term of the membership.  Membership refunds are prorated over 
the remaining term of the membership; accordingly, no refund reserve is required to be established for the periods presented. 
Membership fee revenue is included in membership income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The deferred 
membership fee is included in deferred income in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Platinum  Points  Reward  Programs.  The  Company  currently  offers  Platinum  memberships  in  nine  of  its  thirteen 
countries.  The annual fee for a Platinum membership is approximately $75. The Platinum membership provides members with 
a 2% rebate on most items, up to an annual maximum of $500. The rebate is issued annually to Platinum members on March 1 
and expires August 31.  Platinum members can apply this rebate to future purchases at the warehouse club during the redemption 
period.  The Company records this 2% rebate as a reduction of revenue at the time of the sales transaction.  Accordingly, the 
Company has reduced warehouse sales and has accrued a liability within other accrued expenses, platinum rewards. The Company 
has determined that breakage revenue is 5% of the awards issued; therefore, it records 95% of the Platinum membership liability 
at the time of sale. Annually, the Company reviews for expired unused rebates outstanding, and the expired unused rebates are 
recognized as “Other revenue and income” on the consolidated statements of income. 

F-48 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Co-branded Credit Card Points Reward Programs.  Most of the Company’s subsidiaries have points reward programs 
related to Co-branded Credit Cards. These points reward programs provide incremental points that can be used at a future time 
to  acquire  merchandise  within  the  Company’s  warehouse  clubs.    This  results  in  two  performance  obligations,  the  first 
performance obligation being the initial sale of the merchandise or services purchased with the co-branded credit card and the 
second performance obligation being the future use of the points rewards to purchase merchandise or services.  As a result, upon 
the initial sale, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation with the amount allocated to the future 
use points rewards recorded as a contract liability within other accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet. The portion 
of the selling price allocated to the reward points is recognized as Net merchandise sales when the points are used or when the 
points  expire.  The  Company  reviews  on  an  annual  basis  expired  points  rewards  outstanding,  and  the  expired  rewards  are 
recognized as Net merchandise sales on the consolidated statements of income within markets where the co-branded credit card 
agreement allows for such treatment.     

Gift Cards. Members’ purchases of gift cards to be utilized at the Company's warehouse clubs are not recognized as 
sales  until  the  card  is  redeemed  and  the  customer  purchases  merchandise  using  the  gift  card. The  outstanding  gift  cards  are 
reflected as other accrued expenses, gift cards in the consolidated balance sheets. These gift cards generally have a one-year stated 
expiration date from the date of issuance and are generally redeemed prior to expiration.  However, the absence of a large volume 
of  transactions  for  gift  cards  impairs  the  Company's  ability  to  make  a  reasonable  estimate  of  the  redemption  levels  for  gift 
certificates; therefore, the Company assumes a  100% redemption rate prior to expiration of the gift certificate. The Company 
periodically reviews unredeemed outstanding gift certificates, and the gift certificates that have expired are recognized as “Other 
revenue and income” on the consolidated statements of income.  

Co-branded  Credit  Card  Revenue  Sharing  Agreements. As  part  of  the  co-branded  credit  card  agreements  that  the 
Company  has  entered  into  with  financial  institutions  within  its  markets,  the  Company  often  enters  into  revenue  sharing 
agreements. As part of these agreements, in some countries, the Company receives a portion of the interest income generated 
from  the  average  outstanding  balances  on  the  co-branded  credit  cards  from  these  financial  institutions  (“interest  generating 
portfolio” or “IGP”).   The Company recognizes its portion of interest received as revenue.  As a result of the adoption of ASC 
606, the Company has determined that this revenue should be recognized as  “Other revenue and income” on the consolidated 
statements of income. In prior periods, this income was recognized as a reduction of credit card transaction fees in “Warehouse 
club and other operations” financial statement line item under Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Since the Company 
determined  to  adopt  this  guidance  under  the  modified  retrospective  approach,  this  reclassification  slightly  reduces  the 
comparability year over year of “Other revenue and income” and “Warehouse club and other operations.” Please see “Item 7: 
Management and Discussion Analysis – Other Revenue” for the Company’s explanation of the changes.  

Determining the Transaction Price 

The  transaction  price  is  the  amount  of  consideration  the  Company  expects  to  receive  under  the  arrangement.  The 
Company is required to estimate variable consideration (if any) and to factor that estimate into the determination of the transaction 
price. The  Company  may  offer  sales  incentives  to  customers,  including  discounts.  For  retail  transactions,  the  Company  has 
significant experience with returns and refund patterns and relied on this experience in its determination that expected returns are 
not material; therefore, returns are not factored when determining the transaction price.  

Discounts given to customers are usually in the form of coupons and instant markdowns and are recognized as redeemed 
and recorded in contra revenue accounts, as they are part of the transaction price of the merchandise sale. Manufacturer coupons 
that are available for redemption at all retailers are not recorded as a reduction to the sale price of merchandise.  Manufacturer 
coupons or discounts that are specific to the Company are recorded as a reduction to the cost of sales.  

Agent Relationships 

The Company evaluates the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining 
whether it is  appropriate in these arrangements to record the gross amount of  merchandise sales and related costs, or the net 
amount  earned  as  commissions.  When  the  Company  is  considered  the  principal  in  a  transaction,  revenue  is  recorded  gross; 
otherwise, revenue is recorded on a net basis. The Company's Non-merchandise Sales revenues are recorded on a net basis.  

Significant Judgments 

For arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each 

performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. 

Incremental costs to obtain contracts are not material to the Company. 

F-49 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Policy Elections 

In addition to those previously disclosed, the Company has made the following accounting policy elections and practical 

expedients: 

(cid:120)  Taxes - The Company excludes from the transaction price any taxes collected from customers that are remitted to 

(cid:120) 

taxing authorities. 
Shipping and Handling Charges - Charges that are incurred after the customer obtains control of goods are deemed 
to be fulfillment costs. Therefore, the act of shipping after the customer obtains control of goods is not a separate 
performance obligation. Fulfillment costs are classified as “Costs of goods sold” in the consolidated statements of 
income because they are incurred to fulfill a revenue obligation.  

(cid:120)  Time Value of Money - The Company's payment terms are less than one year from the transfer of goods. Therefore, 

the Company does not adjust promised amounts of consideration for the effects of the time value of money. 

Contract Performance Liabilities 

Contract performance liabilities as a result of transactions  with customers primarily consist of deferred  membership 
income, other deferred income, deferred gift card revenue, Platinum points programs, and liabilities related to co-branded credit 
card points rewards programs which are included in deferred income and other accrued expenses in the Company's Condensed 
Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table provides these contract balances from transactions with customers as of the 
dates listed (in thousands): 

Deferred membership income 
Other contract performance liabilities 

Disaggregated Revenues  

Contract Liabilities 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

$ 
$ 

 24,901   $ 
 4,048   $ 

 22,996 
 2,773 

In the following table, net merchandise sales are disaggregated by merchandise category (in thousands): 

Years Ended 
    August 31, 

August 31, 
2019 
 1,563,162   $ 
 847,496    
 358,276    
 167,149    
 155,565    
 3,091,648   $ 

  August 31, 

2018 
 1,548,237   $ 
 821,412    
 366,487    
 164,115    
 153,503    
 3,053,754   $ 

2017 
 1,493,502 
 765,771 
 361,410 
 142,431 
 146,948 
 2,910,062 

Foods & Sundries 
Fresh Foods 
Hardlines  
Softlines  
Other Business 
Net Merchandise Sales 

$ 

$ 

F-50 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost. The historical cost of acquiring an asset includes the costs incurred 
to bring it to the condition and location necessary for its intended use. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over 
the estimated useful lives of the assets. The useful life of fixtures and equipment ranges from three to 15 years and that of certain 
components of building improvements and buildings from 10 to 25 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter 
of the life of the improvement or the expected term of the lease. In some locations, leasehold improvements are amortized over 
a  period  longer  than  the  initial  lease  term  where  management  believes  it  is  reasonably  certain  that  the  renewal  option  in  the 
underlying  lease  will  be  exercised  because  an  economic  penalty  may  be  incurred  if  the  option  is  not  exercised.  The  sale  or 
purchase of property and equipment is recognized upon legal transfer of property.  

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): 

Land 
Building and improvements 
Fixtures and equipment 
Construction in progress 
Total property and equipment, historical cost 
Less: accumulated depreciation 
Property and equipment, net 

Depreciation and amortization expense (in thousands): 

August 31, 
2019 
 207,167   $ 
 464,025  
 258,543  
 49,555  
 979,290  
 (308,139)  
 671,151   $ 

August 31, 
2018 
 172,051 
 424,736 
 228,891 
 38,495 
 864,173 
 (269,770) 
 594,403 

  $ 

  $ 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

Depreciation and amortization expense, Property and equipment 

  $ 

 52,554   $ 

 51,520   $ 

 46,292 

The Company capitalizes interest on expenditures for qualifying assets over a period that covers the duration of the 
activities required to get the asset ready for its intended use, provided that expenditures for the asset have been made and interest 
cost is being incurred. Interest capitalization continues as long as those activities and the incurrence of interest cost continue. The 
amount capitalized in an accounting period is determined by applying the Company’s consolidated capitalization rate (average 
interest rate) to the average amount of accumulated expenditures for the qualifying asset, for each country, during the period. The 
capitalization rates are based on the interest rates applicable to borrowings outstanding during the period. 

Total interest capitalized (in thousands): 

Total interest capitalized 

Total interest capitalized (in thousands): 

Balance as of 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

 11,082   $ 

 9,043 

Interest capitalized during the period 

  $ 

 2,116   $ 

 1,134   $ 

 447 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

F-51 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

A summary of asset disposal activity for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year 2019 
Fiscal Year 2018 
Fiscal Year 2017 

Historical 
Cost 

Accumulated 
Depreciation   

Receivables 
and Proceeds 
from Disposal  

Gain/(Loss) 
Recognized 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 10,740   $ 
 10,465   $ 
 19,774   $ 

 9,587   $ 
 8,388   $ 
 17,436   $ 

 74   $ 
 738   $ 
 377   $ 

 (1,079) 
 (1,339) 
 (1,961) 

The  Company  also  recorded within  accounts  payable  and  other  accrued  expenses  approximately  $322,000  and  $6.3 
million, respectively, as of August 31, 2019 and $81,000 and $1.4 million, respectively, as of August 31, 2018 of liabilities related 
to the acquisition and/or construction of property and equipment. 

NOTE 5 – EARNINGS PER SHARE 

The Company presents basic net income per share using the two-class method.  The two-class method is an earnings 
allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to 
common stockholders and that determines basic net income per share for each class of common stock and participating security 
according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings that would have been available 
to common stockholders.  A participating security is defined as a security that may participate in undistributed earnings  with 
common stock.  The Company’s capital structure includes securities that participate with common stock on a one-for-one basis 
for distribution of dividends.  These are the restricted stock awards and restricted stock units issued pursuant to the 2013 Equity 
Incentive Award Plan.  The Company determines the diluted net income per share by using the more dilutive of the two class-
method or the treasury stock method and by including the basic weighted average of outstanding performance stock units in the 
calculation of diluted net income per share under the two-class method and including all potential common shares assumed issued 
in the calculation of diluted net income per share under the treasury stock method. 

The following table sets forth the computation of net income per share attributable to PriceSmart for the twelve months 

ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts): 

Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. per share available for 
distribution: 
Less: Allocation of income to unvested stockholders 
Net earnings available to common stockholders 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding 
Add dilutive effect of equity awards (two-class method) 
Diluted average shares outstanding 
Basic net income per share 
Diluted net income per share 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2017 

2019 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 73,191    $ 
 (721)  
 72,470   $ 
 30,195  
 —  
 30,195  

 2.40   $ 
 2.40   $ 

 74,328   $ 
 (897)  
 73,431   $ 
 30,115  
 —  
 30,115  

 2.44   $ 
 2.44   $ 

 90,724 
 (1,321) 
 89,403 
 30,020 
 3 
 30,023 
 2.98 
 2.98 

F-52 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 6 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

Dividends 

The following table summarizes the dividends declared and paid during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017.  

Declared 
1/30/2019 
1/24/2018 
2/1/2017 

First Payment 

Record 
Date 

Date 
Paid 

  Amount  

Second Payment 
Date 
Paid 

Record 
Date 

 0.70     2/15/2019     2/28/2019    $ 
 0.70     2/14/2018     2/28/2018    $ 
 0.70     2/15/2017     2/28/2017   $ 

 0.35     8/15/2019    8/30/2019    $ 
 0.35     8/15/2018    8/31/2018    $ 
 0.35     8/15/2017    8/31/2017   $ 

  Amount  
   $ 
   $ 
   $ 

  Amount 
 0.35 
 0.35 
 0.35 

The Company anticipates the ongoing payment of  semi-annual dividends in  subsequent  periods, although the  actual 
declaration of future dividends, the amount of such dividends, and the establishment of record and payment dates is subject to 
final  determination  by  the  Board  of  Directors  at  its  discretion  after  its  review  of  the  Company’s  financial  performance  and 
anticipated capital requirements. 

Comprehensive Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 

The following table discloses the changes in each component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (in thousands): 

Attributable to  
PriceSmart 

Noncontrolling 
Interests 

Total 

Beginning balance, August 31, 2016 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Defined benefit pension plans (1) 
Derivative Instruments (2) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) 
Ending balance, August 31, 2017 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Defined benefit pension plans (1) 
Derivative Instruments (2) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) 
Ending balance, August 31, 2018 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 
Defined benefit pension plans (1) 
Derivative Instruments (2) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other 
comprehensive income (loss) 
Ending balance, August 31, 2019 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 (103,951)   $ 
 (6,297)  
 (166)  
 316   

 39  

 (110,059)   $ 
 (12,890)   $ 
 (87)  
 1,779   

 41  

 (121,216)   $ 
 (19,717)   $ 
 (112)  
 (3,369)  

 75  

  $ 

 (144,339)   $ 

 —   $ 
 —   
 —   
 —   

 —  
 —   $ 
 (1)   $ 
 —   
 —  

 —  
 (1)   $ 
 21   $ 
 —   
 —  

 —  
 20   $ 

 (103,951) 
 (6,297) 
 (166) 
 316 

 39 
 (110,059) 
 (12,891) 
 (87) 
 1,779 

 41 
 (121,217) 
 (19,696) 
 (112) 
 (3,369) 

 75 
 (144,319) 

(1)  Amounts  reclassified  from  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  related  to  the  minimum  pension  liability  are  included  in 

warehouse club and other operations in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. 

(2)  See Note 13 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. 

Retained Earnings Not Available for Distribution 

The following table summarizes retained earnings designated as legal reserves of various subsidiaries which cannot be 

distributed as dividends to PriceSmart, Inc. according to applicable statutory regulations (in thousands): 

Retained earnings not available for distribution 

F-53 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

 7,843   $ 

 6,798 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 7 – POST EMPLOYMENT PLANS 

Defined Contribution Plans 

PriceSmart  offers  a  defined  contribution  401(k)  retirement  plan  to  its  U.S.  employees,  including  warehouse  club 
employees in the U.S. Virgin Islands, which auto-enrolls employees in the plan immediately on the first day of employment.  The 
Company makes nondiscretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan with a 4% “Company Contribution” based on the employee’s 
salary regardless of the employee’s own contributions to the plan up to the IRS maximum allowed. The Company also makes 
nondiscretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan to the non-officer employees that defer up to 2% of their salary.  Employer 
contributions to the 401(k) plan for the Company's U.S. employees were $2.1 million, $2.0 million and $1.8 million during fiscal 
years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

PriceSmart  also  offers  defined  contribution  retirement  plans  in  many  of  its  subsidiaries.  The  Company  makes 
nondiscretionary contributions to these plans based on the employee’s salary, regardless of the employee’s own contributions to 
the plan, up to the  maximum allowed.  The expenses associated with the plans for the Company’s non-U.S. employees  were 
$3.0 million, $2.9 million and $3.1 million during fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.   

Defined Benefit Plans 

The Company's subsidiaries located in three countries have unfunded post-employment benefit plans (defined benefit 
plans) in which the subsidiary is required to pay a specified benefit upon retirement, voluntary departure or death of the employee. 
The amount of the benefit is predetermined by a formula based on the employee's earnings history, tenure of service and age. 
Because the obligation to provide benefits arises as employees render the services necessary to earn the benefits pursuant to the 
terms of the plan, the Company recognizes the cost of providing the benefits over the projected employee service periods. These 
payments are only due if an employee reaches certain thresholds, such as tenure and/or age. Therefore, these plans are treated as 
defined benefit plans. For these defined benefit plans, the Company has engaged actuaries to assist with estimating the current 
costs associated with these future benefits. The liabilities for these unfunded plans are recorded as non-current liabilities.  

The following table summarizes the amount of the funding obligation and the line items in which it is recorded on the 
consolidated balance sheets as of August 31, 2019 and 2018 and consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended 
August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 

Other Long-Term 
Liability 

Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Loss 

August 31, 

2019 

2018 

Operating Expenses 
Year Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

Start of period 
Service cost 
Interest cost 
Prior service cost 
(amortization) 
Actuarial gains/(losses) 

Totals 

  $ 

  $ 

2019 
 (1,290)   $ 
 (70)    
 (80)    

2018 
 (1,070)   $ 
 (17)    
 (64)    

 —    
 (139)    
 (1,579)   $ 

 —    
 (139)    
 (1,290)   $ 

 719   $ 
 —    
 —    

 (55)    
 108    
 772   $ 

 $ 

 650  
 —  
 —  

 (52)  
 121  
 719  (1)   $ 

 —   $ 

 187    
 80    

 55    
 19    
 341   $ 

 —   $ 
 117    
 64    

 52    
 13    
 246   $ 

 — 
 119 
 80 

 55 
 (45) 
 209 

(1)  The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of $246,000 and $231,000 as of August 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, relating to the 
unrealized expense on defined benefit plans. The Company also recorded accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for $(526,000) 
and $(488,000) as of August 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

F-54 

 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The valuation assumptions used to calculate the liability for the defined benefit plans differ based on the country 

where the plan applies. These assumptions are summarized as follows: 

Valuation Assumptions: 
Discount rate 
Future salary escalation 
Percentage of employees assumed to withdraw from Company without a benefit 
(“turnover”) 
Percentage of employees assumed to withdraw from Company with a benefit 
(“disability”) 

Year Ended August 31, 
2018 
2019 

  3.5%  to 10.7% 
  3.0%  to  4.1% 

  3.5%  to 10.8% 
  3.0%  to  5.0% 

  10.5%  to 17.5% 

  9.6%  to 19.5% 

  0.5%  to  2.6% 

  0.5%  to  4.5% 

For the fiscal year ending August 31, 2020, the Company expects to recognize, as components of net periodic benefit 

cost, the following amounts currently recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (in thousands):  

Prior service cost 
Actuarial gain/loss 

Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans 

  $ 

  $ 

 55 
 47 
 102 

Some  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries  are  parties  to  funded  and  unfunded  post-employment  benefit  plans  based  on 
services that the employees have rendered. These plans require the Company to pay a specified benefit on retirement, voluntary 
departure  or  death  of  the  employee,  or  monthly  payments  to  an  external  fund  manager.  The  amount  of  these  payments  is 
predetermined by a formula based on the employee's earnings history and tenure of service. Because the obligation to provide 
benefits arises as employees render the services necessary to earn the benefits pursuant to the terms of the plan, the cost associated 
with providing the benefits is recognized as the employee provides those services. The employees' rights to receive payment on 
these plans are not dependent on their reaching certain thresholds like age or tenure. Therefore, these plans are not treated as 
defined benefit plans. For these post-employment benefit plans, the Company has accrued liabilities that are recorded as accrued 
salaries and benefits and other long-term liabilities. The following table summarizes the amounts recorded on the balance sheet 
and amounts expensed on the consolidated statements of income (in thousands): 

Accrued Salaries 
and Benefits 

Other Long-Term 
Liability 

Restricted Cash 
Held (1) 

Operating Expenses 

2019 

2018 

2019 

Years Ended August 31, 
2019 

2018 

2018 

2019 

2018 

2017 

Other Post- 
Employment Plans 

  $ 

 471   $ 

 443   $ 

 3,404   $ 

 3,077   $ 

 3,153   $ 

 2,772   $ 

 1,259   $ 

 1,187   $ 

 1,017 

(1)  With  some  locations,  local  statutes  require  the  applicable  Company  subsidiary  to  deposit  cash  in  its  own  name  with  designated  fund 

managers. The funds earn interest which the Company recognizes as interest income.  

F-55 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 8 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION 

Stock Based Compensation – The Company utilizes three types of equity awards: restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), 
restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance based restricted stock units (“PSUs”). See Note 2 – Summary of Significant 
Accounting Policies.   

The Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the "2013 Plan") for the benefit of its eligible employees, 
consultants and non-employee directors on January 22, 2013. The 2013 Plan provides for awards covering up to (1)  600,000 
shares of common stock plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance as of January 22, 2013 under three 
equity participation plans previously maintained by the Company. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2013 
Plan increases during the term of the plan by the number of shares relating to awards outstanding under the 2013 Plan or any of 
the prior plans that expire, or are forfeited, terminated, canceled or repurchased, or are settled in cash in lieu of shares. However, 
in no event will more than an aggregate of 827,250 shares of the Company’s common stock be issued under the 2013 Plan. The 
following table summarizes the shares authorized and shares available for future grants: 

Shares authorized for issuance as of August 31, 2019 
(including shares originally authorized for issuance under prior plans)   
 827,250  

August 31, 
2019 
 464,424  

August 31, 
2018 
 566,324 

2013 Plan 

Shares available to grant 

The following table summarizes the components of the stock-based compensation expense for the twelve-month periods 
ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands), which are included in general and administrative expense and warehouse 
club and other operations in the consolidated statements of income: 

Options granted to directors 
Restricted stock awards 
Restricted stock units 
Performance based restricted stock units 
Stock-based compensation expense 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

  $ 

 —   $ 

 11,477  
 2,820  
 764  
 15,061   $ 

 —   $ 

 7,476  
 2,742  
 —  
 10,218   $ 

 18 
 7,301 
 2,370 
 — 
 9,689 

In  October  2018,  the  Company’s  then  Chief  Executive  Officer  (“former  C.E.O.”), resigned  by  mutual  agreement 
things 

with the  Board  of  Directors.  In  connection  with  his  departure, 
approximately $3.3 million of non-cash charges related to the acceleration of certain equity restricted stock awards. 

recorded  among  other 

the  Company 

The following tables summarize other information related to stock-based compensation:  

Remaining unrecognized compensation cost (in thousands) 
Weighted average period of time over which this cost will be recognized 
(years) 

  $ 

 21,116  

  $ 

 29,473   $ 

 26,382 

 3  

 3  

 3 

  August 31, 

2019 

Balance as of 
  August 31, 

  August 31, 

2018 

2017 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
  August 31, 

  August 31, 

2018 

2017 

Excess tax benefit (deficiency) on stock-based compensation (in 
thousands) 

  $ 

 (1,829)   

  $ 

 530  (1)  $ 

 165 

(1)  Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company began recording the tax savings resulting from tax deductions in excess of 
expense  for  stock-based  compensation  and  the  tax  deficiencies  resulting  from  stock-based  compensation  in  excess  of  the  related  tax 
deduction as income tax expense or benefit, based on the adoption of ASU 2016-09.  

F-56 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The restricted stock awards and units vest from a one-year to ten-year period and the unvested portion of the award is 
forfeited if the employee or non-employee director leaves the Company before the vesting period is completed. Restricted stock 
awards, restricted stock units, and performance based restricted stock units activity for the twelve-months ended August 31, 2019, 
2018 and 2017 was as follows: 

Grants outstanding at beginning of period 
Granted 
Forfeited 
Vested 
Grants outstanding at end of period 

August 31, 
2019 
 385,417  
 193,489  
 (16,127)  
 (199,953)  
 362,826  

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 
 404,368  
 132,031  
 (23,119)  
 (127,863)  
 385,417  

August 31, 
2017 
 509,880 
 56,724 
 (40,023) 
 (122,213) 
 404,368 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  weighted  average  per  share  grant  date  fair  value  for  restricted  stock  awards, 

restricted stock units, and performance based restricted stock units for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017: 

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 
RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs granted 
RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs vested 
RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs forfeited 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 65.11   $ 
 79.28   $ 
 75.02   $ 

 84.83   $ 
 79.36   $ 
 73.27   $ 

 87.43 
 77.85 
 77.19 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  total  fair  market  value  of  restricted  stock  awards,  restricted  stock  units,  and 

performance based restricted stock units vested for the period (in thousands): 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

Total fair market value of RSAs, RSUs, and PSUs vested (in thousands)    $ 

 12,302   $ 

 10,886   $ 

 10,135 

At the vesting dates for restricted stock awards to employees, the Company repurchases a portion of the shares that have 
vested at the prior day's closing price per share, with the funds used to pay the employees' minimum statutory tax withholding 
requirements related to the vesting of restricted stock awards.  The Company expects to continue this practice going forward. The 
Company does not have a stock repurchase program. 

Shares of common stock repurchased by the Company are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result in the reduction 

of stockholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.  The Company may reissue these treasury shares. 

The following table summarizes the shares repurchased during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017: 

Shares repurchased 
Cost of repurchase of shares (in thousands) 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 

 75,462  

 37,414  

  $ 

 4,604   $ 

 3,183   $ 

August 31, 
2017 

 38,634 
 3,193 

F-57 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The Company reissues treasury shares as part of its stock-based compensation programs.  The following table 

summarizes the treasury shares reissued during the period: 

Reissued treasury shares 

August 31, 
2019 

Years Ended 
August 31, 
2018 

August 31, 
2017 

 63,130  

 —  

 — 

Due to the  shift from the  use of stock options to restricted stock awards and units, the  Company  no longer has any 

outstanding stock options, no further disclosure on options is necessary.  

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Legal Proceedings 

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the 
ordinary course of business related to the Company’s operations and property ownership.  The Company evaluates such matters 
on a case by case basis, and vigorously contests any such legal proceedings or claims which the Company believes are without 
merit.  The Company believes that the final disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its financial 
position, results of operations or liquidity.  It is possible, however, that the Company's results of operations for a particular quarter 
or fiscal year could be impacted by changes in circumstances relating to such matters. 

The Company establishes an accrual for legal proceedings if and when those matters reach a stage where they present 
loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable.  In such cases, there may be a possible exposure to loss  in 
excess of any amounts accrued.  The Company monitors those matters for developments that would affect the likelihood of a loss 
and the accrued amount, if any, thereof, and adjusts the amount as appropriate.  If the loss contingency at issue is not both probable 
and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrual, but will continue to monitor the matter for developments 
that will make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable.  If it is at least a reasonable possibility that a material 
loss will occur, the Company will provide disclosure regarding the contingency. 

On May 22, 2019, a class action complaint  was filed against PriceSmart,  Inc., as  well as certain former and current 
officers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California.  The Complaint alleges violations of Section 
10(b)  and  20(a)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934  and  Rule  10b-5  promulgated  thereunder,  in  connection  with  the 
Company's  2017  Form  10-K  and  2018  Form  10-Qs.   On  October  7,  2019,  the  Court  granted  Public  Employees  Retirement 
Association of New Mexico’s (PERA’s) Motion for Appointment as Lead Plaintiff. PERA has until December 6, 2019, to file an 
amended complaint.  The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against any obligations or liability to the plaintiffs with 
respect to such claims. The Company believes the claims are without merit. 

Taxes 

The Company is required to file federal and state tax returns in the United States and various other tax returns in foreign 
jurisdictions. The preparation of these tax returns requires the Company to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in 
effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. The Company, in consultation with its 
tax advisors, bases its tax returns on interpretations that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The tax returns, 
however, are subject to routine reviews by the various taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company files its returns. 
As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect to the interpretations the Company used to calculate its tax 
liability and therefore require the Company to pay additional taxes. 

The Company accrues an amount for its estimate of probable additional income tax liability.  In certain cases, the impact 
of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-
not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority.  An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has a 
50% or less likelihood of being sustained (see Note 10 - Income Taxes for additional information). 

In evaluating the exposure associated with various non-income tax filing positions, the Company accrues for probable 
and  estimable  exposures  for  non-income  tax  related  tax  contingencies.   As  of  August 31,  2019  and  2018,  the  Company  has 
recorded within other accrued expenses a total of $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for various non-income tax related 
tax contingencies. 

F-58 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

While the Company believes the recorded liabilities are adequate, there are inherent limitations in projecting the outcome 
of litigation, in estimating probable additional income tax liability taking into account uncertain tax positions and in evaluating 
the probable additional tax associated with various non-income tax filing positions.  As such, the Company is unable to make a 
reasonable estimate of the sensitivity to change of estimates affecting its recorded liabilities.  As additional information becomes 
available, the Company assesses the potential liability and revises its estimates as appropriate. 

Other Commitments 

The Company is committed under non-cancelable operating leases for the rental of facilities and land (see Note – 12 

 “Leases”). 

In January 2017, the Company purchased a distribution center in Medley, Miami-Dade County, Florida.  The Company 
transferred its Miami dry distribution center activities that were previously in the leased facility to the new facility during the 
third quarter of fiscal year 2017.  As of August 31, 2019, all of the  vacated space has been subleased (and/or returned to the 
landlord).  As part of the subleases the Company provided the landlord of the leased facility a letter of credit  (“LOC”) for the 
initial amount of $500,000 which entitled the landlord to draw on the LOC based on a decreasing scale over four years, if certain 
conditions occur related to nonpayment by the new tenant.  The balance of this LOC decreases at an annual rate of  $125,000 
starting in August 2018.  As of August 31, 2019, the remaining balance of the LOC was $250,000.  Although this agreement is 
considered a guarantee, in measuring the fair value, the Company considers the risk and probability of default by the third party 
tenant as not likely nor probable based on the Company’s review of the third party tenant’s financial position as well as the third 
party’s  considerable  capital  investment  into  the  leased  facility.   Therefore,  the  Company  has  not  recorded  a  liability  for  this 
guarantee.   

The  Company  is  also  committed  to  non-cancelable  construction  services  obligations  for  various  warehouse  club 
developments and expansions.  As of August 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $14.9 million in contractual obligations 
for construction services not yet rendered. 

The Company has entered into land purchase option agreements that have not been recorded as commitments, for which 
the Company has recorded within restricted cash and deposits of approximately $50,000 as of August 31, 2019. The Company’s 
land purchase option agreements are typically subject to various conditions, including, but not limited to, the ability to obtain 
necessary governmental permits or approvals. A deposit under an agreement is typically returned to the Company if all permits 
or approvals are not obtained. Generally, the Company has the right to cancel any of our agreements to purchase land without 
cause by forfeiture of some or all of the deposits we have made pursuant to the agreement. The Company does not have a timetable 
of when or if it will exercise these land purchase options, due to the uncertainty related to the completion of the Company's due 
diligence reviews. The Company's due diligence reviews include evaluations of the legal status of each property, the zoning and 
permitting issues related to acquiring approval for the construction and operation of a warehouse club and any other issues related 
to the property itself that could render the property unsuitable or limit the property's economic viability as a warehouse club site. 
If the purchase option agreements are exercised, the cash use would be approximately $17.8 million. 

See Note 15 – “Unconsolidated Affiliates” for a description of additional capital contributions that may be required in 
connection with joint ventures to develop commercial centers adjacent to PriceSmart warehouse clubs in Panama and Costa Rica. 

F-59 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES 

Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes and loss of unconsolidated affiliates includes the 

following components (in thousands): 

United States 
Foreign 
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes 
and loss of unconsolidated affiliates 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

  $ 

 25,167   $ 
 85,943  

 19,723   $ 

 102,865  

2017 

 24,773 
 107,970 

  $ 

 111,110   $ 

 122,588   $ 

 132,743 

Significant components of the income tax provision are as follows (in thousands): 

Current: 
U.S. tax expense (benefit) 
Foreign tax expense (benefit) 
Total 
Deferred: 
U.S. tax expense (benefit) 
U.S. valuation allowance change 
Foreign tax expense (benefit) 
Foreign valuation allowance change 
Total 
Provision for income taxes 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 10,878   $ 
 29,675  
 40,553   $ 

 (5,978)   $ 
 6,171  
 966  
 (4,152)  
 (2,993)   $ 
 37,560   $ 

 10,827   $ 
 30,389  
 41,216   $ 

 8,223   $ 
 2  
 3,516  
 (4,780)  
 6,961   $ 
 48,177   $ 

 12,185 
 32,680 
 44,865 

 (2,420) 
 (164) 
 (1,750) 
 1,487 
 (2,847) 
 42,018 

The reconciliation of income tax computed at the Federal statutory tax rate to the provision for income taxes is as follows 

(in percentages): 

Federal tax provision at statutory rates 
State taxes, net of federal benefit 
Differences in foreign tax rates 
Permanent items and other adjustments 
(Decrease)/increase in valuation allowance 
Provision for income taxes 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

 21.0  %  
 0.3 
 10.6 
 (2.1) 
 4.0 
 33.8  %  

 25.7  %  
 0.2 
 3.9 
 10.8 
 (1.3) 
 39.3  %  

 35.0  % 
 0.3 
 (5.2) 
 1.5 
 0.1 
 31.7  % 

F-60 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

 Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of August 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown below (in 

thousands): 

Deferred tax assets: 
U.S. net operating loss carryforward 
Foreign tax credits 
Deferred compensation 
U.S. timing differences  
Foreign net operating losses 
Foreign timing differences: 

Accrued expenses and other timing differences 
Depreciation and amortization 
Deferred income 
Gross deferred tax assets 
U.S. deferred tax liabilities (depreciation and other timing differences) 
Foreign deferred tax liabilities netted against deferred tax assets 
U.S. valuation allowance 
Foreign valuation allowance 
Net deferred tax assets 

August 31, 

2019 

2018 

  $ 

  $ 

 3,763   $ 
 7,170  
 927  
 2,598  
 4,481  

 5,581  
 8,819  
 4,504  
 37,843  
 (5,286)  
 (5,360)  
 (7,177)  
 (4,546)  
 15,474   $ 

 4,470 
 126 
 907 
 1,609 
 5,276 

 5,122 
 10,406 
 3,545 
 31,461 
 (5,844) 
 (5,722) 
 (1,005) 
 (8,724) 
 10,166 

For  fiscal  year  2019,  the  effective  tax  rate  was  33.8%.  The  decrease  in  the  effective  rate  versus  the  prior  year  was 

primarily attributable to the following factors:  

1.  The comparably favorable impact of 10.2% resulting from nonrecurrence of the U.S. Tax Reform Transition Tax. 

2.  The  comparably  unfavorable  net  impact  of  3.5%,  resulting  from  the  unfavorable  impact  of  6.1%  from  valuation 
allowances on deferred tax assets from foreign tax credits that, incidental to U.S. Tax Reform, are no longer deemed 
recoverable; and the favorable impact of 2.6% resulting from new export-related sales and service tax incentives. 

3.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 1.0% resulting from the effective tax rate impact of costs incurred to expand our 

omni-channel capabilities and the net operating results of our marketplace and casillero business. 

4.  The comparably favorable impact of 1.3% resulting from the reversal of valuation allowances on net deferred tax assets 

in the Company’s Colombia subsidiary, due to the ongoing improvement in our business in Colombia.  

5.  The comparatively unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate of 0.9% resulting from a decrease in fiscal year 2019 in 
the magnitude of an intercompany transaction between PriceSmart, Inc. and our Colombian subsidiary in support of 
PriceSmart’s ongoing market development and growth in Colombia compared to the prior year. The Company does not 
expect these intercompany transactions to continue in the future. 

6.  The comparably unfavorable impact of 0.7% resulting from severance compensation of one of our officers. 

For fiscal year 2019, management concluded that a valuation allowance continues to be necessary for certain U.S. and 
foreign  deferred  tax  assets,  primarily  because  of  the  existence  of  negative  objective  evidence,  such  as  the  fact  that  certain 
subsidiaries  are  in  a  cumulative  loss  position  for  the  past  three  years,  and  the  determination  that  certain  net  operating  loss 
carryforward  periods  are  not  sufficient  to  realize  the  related  deferred  tax  assets.  The  Company  factored  into  its  analysis  the 
inherent  risk  of  forecasting  revenue  and  expenses  over  an  extended  period  of  time  and  also  considered  the  potential  risks 
associated with its business. The Company had net foreign deferred tax assets of $13.5 million and $9.9 million as of August 31, 
2019 and 2018, respectively. 

The Company had U.S. federal and state tax NOLs at August 31, 2019 of approximately $14.5 million and $17.1 million, 
respectively.  Substantially  all  of  the  federal  and  state  NOLs  expire  during  periods  ranging  from  2020  through  2036 unless 
previously  utilized. In calculating the tax provision and assessing  the likelihood that  the  Company  will be able to utilize the 
deferred tax assets, the Company considered and weighed all of the evidence, both positive and negative, and both objective and 
subjective. The Company factored in the inherent risk of forecasting revenue and expenses over an extended period of time and 
considered the potential risks associated with its business. Using the Company's U.S. income from continuing operations and 
projections of future taxable income in the U.S., the Company was able to determine that there was sufficient positive evidence 

F-61 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

to support the conclusion that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize substantially all of its U.S. 
NOLs by generating sufficient taxable income during the carry-forward period. Further, based on current projections and using 
current apportionment factors, the Company maintains a partial valuation allowance on its Florida state NOLs ($17.1 million in 
gross) originating from its acquisition of its Aeropost, Inc. subsidiary, as the Company expects that $11.1 million of this NOL 
will expire before being utilized.  

The  Company  has  determined  that  due  to  a  deemed  change  of  ownership  (as  defined  in  Section 382  of  the  Internal 
Revenue Code) in October 2004, for PriceSmart, Inc., and March 2018 for Aeropost, Inc., there will be annual limitations in the 
amount of U.S. taxable income that may be offset by NOLs of approximately $6.0 million, through 2022.  The Company expects 
substantially all recoverable NOLs will be recovered by 2023.  

The  Company  does  not  provide  for  income  taxes  which  would  be  payable  if  undistributed  earnings  of  its  foreign 
subsidiaries were remitted to the U.S. because the Company considers these earnings to be permanently reinvested as management 
has  no  plans  to  repatriate  undistributed  earnings  and  profits  of  foreign  affiliates.  As  of  August 31,  2019  and  2018,  the 
undistributed  earnings  of  these  foreign  subsidiaries  are  approximately  $108.9 million  and  $45.2 million,  respectively. 
Undistributed earnings were substantially reduced this year by action of the transition tax imposed upon the Company by the 
U.S. Tax Reform. 

The Company accrues for the estimated additional amount of taxes for uncertain income tax positions if the likelihood 
of sustaining the tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not-standard for recognition of tax benefits. These positions are 
recorded as unrecognized tax benefits. 

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

Balance at beginning of fiscal year 
Gross increase - tax positions in prior period 
Gross decrease - tax positions in prior period 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 
Settlements 
Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes 
Balance at end of fiscal year 

  $ 

  $ 

 7,005   $ 
 530   

 —    
 94   
 —    
 (1,139)    
 6,490   $ 

 $ 

 7,694  
 1,600  (1)    
 (2,526) (2)    
 258  
 —  
 (21)  
 7,005  

 $ 

 7,754 
 — 
 — 
 36 
 (65) 
 (31) 
 7,694 

(1)  Aeropost related unrecognized tax benefits, with corresponding increase to Goodwill, due to current year acquisition. 
(2)  Beneficial impact of US tax rate change, with corresponding detrimental rate change offset in deferred tax assets. 

As of August 31, 2019, the liability for income taxes associated with unrecognized tax benefits was $6.5 million and 
can be reduced by $3.6 million of tax benefits recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities. The total $6.5 million unrecognized 
tax benefit includes $400,000 of associated timing adjustments. The net amount of $6.1 million would, if recognized, favorably 
affect the Company's financial statements and favorably affect the Company's effective income tax rate. 

The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of 
August 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had accrued an additional $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, for the payment 
of interest and penalties related to the above mentioned unrecognized tax benefits. 

The Company expects changes in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months as the result of a lapse 
in various statutes of limitations. The lapse of statutes of limitations in the twelve-month period ending August 31, 2019 could 
result in a total income tax benefit amounting up to $3.1 million. 

The Company has various appeals pending before tax courts in its subsidiaries' jurisdictions.  Any possible settlement 
could increase or decrease earnings but is not expected to be significant. Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are 
subject to significant uncertainty.   

In one country in which the Company has warehouse clubs, beginning in fiscal year 2015, a new minimum income tax 
mechanism took effect, which requires the Company to pay taxes based on a percentage of sales rather than income.  As a result, 
the Company is making income tax payments substantially in excess of those it would expect to pay based on taxable income.  
The current rules (which the Company has challenged in court), effective for fiscal years 2015-2018, do not clearly allow the 
Company to obtain a refund or to offset this excess income tax against other taxes.  As of August 31, 2019, the Company had 

F-62 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

deferred tax assets of approximately $2.6 million in this country.  Also, the Company had an income tax receivable balance of 
$7.8 million as of August 31, 2019 related to excess payments from fiscal years 2015 and 2019.  In fiscal year 2018, a revised 
minimum tax law was passed in this country, which beginning in fiscal year 2020 will reduce the minimum tax rate. Additionally, 
this law clarifies, on a go-forward basis, the reimbursement process for excess minimum tax paid beginning in fiscal year 2019, 
but does not address periods prior to fiscal year 2019. Nevertheless, the Company has not placed any type of allowance on the 
recoverability of these tax receivables or deferred tax assets, because the Company believes that it is more likely than not that it 
will succeed in its refund request, related appeals and/or court challenge on this matter.  

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign 
jurisdictions. The Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities in its major jurisdictions 
except for the fiscal years subject to audit as set forth in the table below: 

Tax Jurisdiction 
U.S. federal 
California (U.S.) (state return) 
Florida(U.S.) (state return) 
Aruba 
Barbados 
Costa Rica 
Colombia 
Dominican Republic 
El Salvador 
Guatemala 
Honduras 
Jamaica 
Mexico 
Nicaragua 
Panama 
Trinidad 
U.S. Virgin Islands 
Spain 
Chile 
*Aeropost only 

Fiscal Years Subject to Audit 
2003 to 2005, 2007, 2011* to 2015*, 2016 to the present 
2005 and 2015 to the present 
2011 to 2015*, 2016 to the present 
2013 to the present 
2013 to the present 
2011 to 2012, 2014*, 2015 to the present 
2015 to the present 
2011 to 2012 and 2016 to the present 
2016 to the present 
2009, 2012 to 2013, 2015 the present 
2014 to the present 
2013 to the present 
2014 to the present 
2015 to the present 
2015*, 2016 to the present 
2013 to the present 
2001 to the present 
2016 to the present 
2016* to the present 

Generally for U.S. federal and U.S. Virgin Islands tax reporting purposes, the statute of limitations is three years from 
the date of filing of the income tax return.  If and to the extent the tax year resulted in a taxable loss, the statute is extended to 
three years from the filing date of the income tax return in which the carryforward tax loss was used to offset taxable income in 
the carryforward year.  Given the historical losses in these jurisdictions and the Section 382 change in control limitations on the 
use of the tax loss carryforwards, there is uncertainty and significant variation as to when a tax year is no longer subject to audit. 

NOTE 11 – DEBT 

Short-term  borrowings  consist  of  unsecured  lines  of  credit.  The  following  table  summarizes  the  balances  of  total 

facilities, facilities used and facilities available (in thousands): 

August 31, 2019 
August 31, 2018 

Facilities Used 

  Total Amount  

Short-term 

  Letters of 

of Facilities    Borrowings   

Credit 

Facilities 
Available 

  Weighted average  
interest rate 

  $ 
  $ 

 69,000   $ 
 69,000   $ 

 7,540   $ 
 —   $ 

 486   $ 
 632   $ 

 60,974  
 68,368  

 6.1  % 
 —  % 

As of August 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $40.0 million of short-term facilities in 
the U.S. that require compliance with certain quarterly financial covenants.  As of August 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018, the 
Company was in compliance with respect to these covenants. Each of the facilities expires annually except for the U.S. facility, 
which expires bi-annually. The facilities are normally renewed. 

F-63 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The following table provides the changes in long-term debt for the twelve months ended August 31, 2019: 

(Amounts in thousands) 
Balances as of August 31, 2017 
Proceeds from long-term debt incurred during the period: 
Panama subsidiary 
Honduras subsidiary 
Repayments of long-term debt: 
Repayment of loan by Honduras subsidiary with Scotiabank 
Repayment of loan by Honduras subsidiary with Citibank 
Repayment of loan by Trinidad subsidiary 
Regularly scheduled loan payments 
Reclassifications of long-term debt 
Translation adjustments on foreign currency debt of subsidiaries 
whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar  
Balances as of August 31, 2018 
Regularly scheduled loan payments 
Reclassifications of long-term debt 
Translation adjustments on foreign currency debt of subsidiaries 
whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar (3) 
Balances as of August 31, 2019 

Current 
portion of 
long-
term debt 

Long-term 
debt (net of 
current 
portion) 

  $ 

 18,358   $ 

 87,939   $ 

 1,500  
 1,350  

 (600)  
 (1,850)  
 (3,000)  
 (4,052)  
 3,005  

 144  
 14,855  
 (4,467)  
 15,394  

 13,500  
 12,150  

 (850)  
 (6,063)  
 (3,000)  
 (12,673)  
 (3,005)  

 (278)  
 87,720  
 (8,472)  
 (15,394)  

Total 
 106,297 

(1) 

 15,000 
 13,500 

 (1,450) 
 (7,913) 
 (6,000) 
 (16,725) 
 — 

(2) 

 (134) 
 102,575 
 (12,939) 
 — 

  $ 

 93  
 25,875   $ 

 (143)  
 63,711   $ 

 (50) 
 89,586 

(4) 

(1)  The  carrying  amount  on  non-cash  assets  assigned  as  collateral  for  these  loans  was  $128.4 million.  No  cash  assets  were 

assigned as collateral for these loans. 

(2)  The  carrying  amount  on  non-cash  assets  assigned  as  collateral  for  these  loans  was  $125.9 million.  No  cash  assets  were 

assigned as collateral for these loans.  

(3)  These foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded within other comprehensive income.  
(4)  The  carrying  amount  on  non-cash  assets  assigned  as  collateral  for  these  loans  was  $111.3 million.  No  cash  assets  were 

assigned as collateral for these loans. 

The following table provides a summary of the long-term loans entered into by the Company:  

Loans entered into by the Company's subsidiaries with a balloon payment due at the end of 
the loan term and with non-cash assets and/or cash or cash equivalents assigned as 
collateral and with/without established debt covenants 
Loans entered into by the Company's subsidiaries for which the subsidiary has entered into 
an interest rate swap with non-cash assets and/or cash or cash equivalents assigned as 
collateral and with/without established debt covenants 
Loans entered into by the Company's subsidiaries with non-cash assets and/or cash or cash 
equivalents assigned as collateral and with/without established debt covenants 
Loans entered into by the Company's subsidiaries for which the subsidiary has entered into 
a cross-currency interest rate swap with non-cash assets and/or cash or cash equivalents 
assigned as collateral and with/without established debt covenants 
Total long-term debt 
Less: current portion 
Long-term debt, net of current portion 

August 31,    
2019 

August 31,  
2018 

  $ 

 7,481   $ 

 9,509 

 53,544  

 60,849 

 4,337  

 4,392 

 24,224  
 89,586  
 25,875  
 63,711   $ 

 27,825 
 102,575 
 14,855 
 87,720 

  $ 

As of August 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $83.1 million of long-term loans in several foreign subsidiaries 
that require these subsidiaries to comply  with certain annual or quarterly financial covenants, which include debt service and 
leverage ratios.  As of August 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants or amended covenants. 

F-64 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

As of August 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $93.6 million of long-term loans in several foreign subsidiaries 
that require these subsidiaries to comply  with certain annual or quarterly financial covenants, which include debt service and 
leverage ratios.  As of August 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants or amended covenants. 

Annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands): 

Twelve Months Ended August 31, 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
Total 

NOTE 12 – LEASES 

Amount 

 25,875 
 9,218 
 6,310 
 17,848 
 1,542 
 28,793 
 89,586 

  $ 

  $ 

The Company is committed under non-cancelable operating leases for the rental of facilities and land. These leases expire 

or become subject to renewal between December 31, 2019 and September 13, 2049. 

The following table summarizes the components of rental expense charged for operating leases of open locations for 

fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 

Minimum rental payments 
Deferred rent accruals 
Total straight line rent expense 
Contingent rental payments 
Common area maintenance expense 
Rental expense 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

  $ 

 11,895   $ 
 2,706  
 14,601  
 3,568  
 704  
 18,873   $ 

 12,963   $ 
 127  
 13,090  
 3,399  
 723  
 17,212   $ 

 11,223 
 (80) 
 11,143 
 3,320 
 1,174 
 15,637 

Future minimum lease commitments for facilities under these leases with an initial term in excess of  one year are as 

follows (in thousands): 

Years Ended August 31, 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
Total 

Leased 
  Locations(1)   
 14,049  
  $ 
 13,272  
 13,033  
 13,065  
 12,558  
 180,913  
 246,890  (2) 

  $ 

(1)  Operating lease obligations have been reduced by approximately $2.3 million to reflect expected sub-lease income.  Certain obligations 

under leasing arrangements are collateralized by the underlying asset being leased. 

(2)  Future minimum lease payments include $1.6 million of lease payment obligations for the prior leased Miami distribution center.  For the 
purposes of calculating the minimum lease payments, a reduction is reflected for the actual sub-lease income the Company expects to 
receive during the remaining lease term.  This sub-lease income was also considered, for the purposes of calculating the exit obligation, 
which was immaterial as of August 31, 2019.   

F-65 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The following table summarizes the components of rental income recorded for operating leases for fiscal years  2019, 

2018 and 2017 (in thousands):  

Minimum rental receipts 
Deferred rent accruals 
Total straight line rent income 
Contingent rental receipts 
Common maintenance area income 
Rental income 

Years Ended August 31, 
2018 

2019 

2017 

  $ 

  $ 

 2,924   $ 
 8  
 2,932  
 136  
 186  
 3,254   $ 

 2,750   $ 
 (26)  
 2,724  
 130  
 155  
 3,009   $ 

 2,654 
 (17) 
 2,637 
 121 
 141 
 2,899 

The Company is the landlord for rental of land and/or building space for properties it owns. The following is a schedule 
of  future  minimum  rental  income  on  non-cancelable  operating  leases  with  an  initial  term  in  excess  of  one  year  from  owned 
property as of August 31, 2019 (in thousands): 

Years Ended August 31, 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
Thereafter 
Total 

Amount 

 3,394 
 2,964 
 1,411 
 1,127 
 845 
 3,084 
 12,825 

  $ 

  $ 

NOTE 13 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  interest  rate  risk  relating  to  its  ongoing  business  operations.    To  manage  interest  rate 
exposure, the Company enters into hedge transactions (interest rate swaps) using derivative financial instruments.  The objective 
of entering into interest rate swaps is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in the LIBOR interest payments associated with 
variable-rate loans over the life of the loans.  As changes in interest rates impact the future cash flow of interest payments, the 
hedges provide a synthetic offset to interest rate movements. 

In addition, the Company is exposed to foreign currency and interest rate cash flow exposure related to non-functional 
currency long-term debt of three of its wholly owned subsidiaries.  To manage this foreign currency and interest rate cash flow 
exposure, the Company’s subsidiaries entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps that convert their U.S. dollar denominated 
floating interest payments to functional currency fixed interest payments during the life of the hedging instrument.  As changes 
in foreign exchange and interest rates impact the future cash flow of interest payments, the hedges are intended to offset changes 
in cash flows attributable to interest rate and foreign exchange movements. 

These derivative instruments (cash flow hedging instruments) are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, with the 
entire gain or loss on the derivative reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).  Amounts are deferred in 
other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same income statement line item that is used to present 
earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. 

The Company is exposed to foreign-currency exchange-rate fluctuations in the normal course of business, including 
foreign-currency  exchange-rate  fluctuations  on  U.S.  dollar  denominated  liabilities  within  its  international  subsidiaries  whose 
functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar.  The Company  manages these fluctuations, in part,  through the use of non-
deliverable forward foreign-exchange contracts that are intended to offset changes in cash flow attributable to currency exchange 
movements.   These  contracts  are  intended  primarily  to  economically  address  exposure  to  U.S.  dollar  merchandise  inventory 
expenditures made by the Company’s international subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar.  Currently, 
these contracts do not qualify for derivative hedge accounting.  The Company seeks to mitigate foreign-currency exchange-rate 
risk with the use of these contracts and does not intend to engage in speculative transactions.  These contracts do not contain any 
credit-risk-related contingent features. 

F-66 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Cash Flow Hedges 

As of August 31, 2019, all of the Company’s interest rate swap and cross-currency interest rate swap derivative financial 
instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The Company formally documents the hedging relationships for its 
derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting. 

The  following  table  summarizes  agreements  for  which  the  Company  has  recorded  cash  flow  hedge  accounting 

transactions during the twelve months ended August 31, 2019: 

Subsidiary 
Panama 

Date 
Entered 
into 

25-Jun-18 

Honduras 

  26-Feb-18 

PriceSmart, Inc 

  7-Nov-16 

Derivative 
Financial 
Instruments 

Interest rate 
swap 

$ 

Initial 
US$ 
Notional 
Amount 

Bank 
US$ 
loan  
Held 
with 
 14,625,000  Bank of 

Nova 
Scotia 

  Cross currency 
interest rate 
swap 

  $ 

 13,500,000   Citibank, 

N.A. 

  Interest rate 

  $ 

swap 

 35,700,000   Union 
Bank 

Derivative 
Financial 
Counter- 
party 
Bank of Nova 
Scotia 
("Scotiabank")   
  Citibank, N.A. 

("Citi") 

  MUFG Union 
Bank, N.A. 
("Union 
Bank") 

Floating Leg 
(swap 
counter-
party) 
Variable rate 
3-month Libor 
plus 3.0% 
  Variable rate 

3-month Libor 
plus 3.00% 

  Variable rate 

1-month Libor 
plus 1.7% 

Fixed Rate 
for PSMT 
Subsidiary 

 5.99  % 

Settlement 
Dates 
23rd day of each month 
beginning on July 23, 
2018  
 9.75  %   29th day of May, 

August, November and 
February beginning 
May 29, 2018 

Effective 
Period of swap 

June 25, 2018 - 
March 23, 2023 

  February 26, 2018 - 
February 24, 2024 

 3.65  %   1st day of each month 
beginning on April 1, 
2017  

  March 1, 2017 - 
March 1, 2027 

Costa Rica 

  28-Aug-15    Citibank, N.A. 

("Citi") 

Colombia 

  10-Dec-14 

  Citibank, N.A. 

("Citi") 

  Cross currency 
interest rate 
swap 

  Cross currency 
interest rate 
swap 

  $ 

 7,500,000   Citibank, 

  Variable rate 

 7.65  %   28th day of August, 

N.A. 

3-month Libor 
plus 2.50% 

November, February, 
and May beginning on 
November 30, 2015 

  August 28, 2015 - 
August 28, 2020 

  $ 

 15,000,000   Citibank, 

  Variable rate 

 8.25  %   4th day of March, June, 

N.A. 

3-month Libor 
plus 2.8% 
  Variable rate 
30-day Libor 
plus 3.5% 

Sept, Dec. beginning 
on March 4, 2015 

  December 4, 2014 - 
December 3, 2019 

 5.16  %   28th day of each month 

  November 28, 2014 

beginning 
December 29, 2014 

- 
November 29, 2019 

Panama 

  9-Dec-14 

  Bank of Nova 

  Interest rate 

  $ 

 10,000,000   Bank of 

Scotia 
("Scotiabank") 

swap 

Nova 
Scotia 

For the twelve-month periods ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 the Company included the gain or loss on the 
hedged items (that is, variable-rate borrowings) in the same line item—interest expense—as the offsetting gain or loss on the 
related interest rate swaps as follows (in thousands): 

Income Statement Classification 
Interest expense for the year ended August 31, 2019 
Interest expense for the year ended August 31, 2018 
Interest expense for the year ended August 31, 2017 

Interest 
expense on 
borrowings(1)   

Cost of 
swaps (2) 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

 4,732   $ 
 4,100   $ 
 3,605   $ 

 511   $ 
 981   $ 
 1,588   $ 

Total 

 5,243 
 5,081 
 5,193 

(1)  This amount is representative of the interest expense recognized on the underlying hedged transactions. 
(2)  This amount is representative of the interest expense recognized on the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedging instruments. 

The total notional balance of the Company’s pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest 

rate swaps was as follows (in thousands): 

 Floating Rate Payer (Swap Counterparty) 
Union Bank 
Citibank N.A. 
Scotiabank 
Total 

Notional Amount as of 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

  $ 

 35,169   $ 
 24,225  
 18,375  
 77,769   $ 

 35,700 
 27,825 
 25,149 
 88,674 

F-67 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Derivatives listed on the table below were designated as cash flow hedging instruments.  The table summarizes the effect 
of the fair value of interest rate swap and cross-currency interest rate swap derivative instruments that qualify for derivative hedge 
accounting and its associated tax effect on accumulated other comprehensive (income)/loss (in thousands): 

Derivatives designated as cash flow 
hedging instruments 

Cross-currency interest rate swaps 

Cross-currency interest rate swaps 

Interest rate swaps 

Interest rate swaps 

Cross-currency interest rate swaps 
Net fair value of derivatives 
designated as hedging instruments 

Balance Sheet 
Location 
Other current 
assets 
Other non-current 
assets 
Other non-current 
assets 
Other long-term 
liabilities 
Other long-term 
liabilities 

NOTE 14 – RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

August 31, 2019 
Net Tax 
Effect 

Fair 
Value 

Net 
OCI 

August 31, 2018 
Net Tax 
Effect 

Fair 
Value 

Net 
OCI 

  $ 

 2,736   $ 

 (903)   $ 

 1,833   $ 

 —   $ 

 —   $ 

 — 

 —    

 —    

 —    

 2,405    

 (819)    

 1,586 

 —    

 —    

 —    

 1,959    

 (434)    

 1,525 

 (2,178)    

 517    

 (1,661)    

 (8)    

 2    

 (6) 

 (732)    

 220    

 (512)    

 (494)    

 148    

 (346) 

  $ 

 (174)   $ 

 (166)   $ 

 (340)   $ 

 3,862   $   (1,103)   $ 

 2,759 

Relationship with Francisco Velasco: Francisco Velasco is the Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary 
and Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer for the Company.  As part of his employment agreement dated July 2016, the Company 
purchased his home in Chicago, IL, in July 2016 based on its appraised value for approximately $625,000. The Company sold 
the property in July 2018 for $485,000, net of commissions and expenses. 

Relationships with Edgar Zurcher: Mr. Zurcher is also a director of a company that owns 40% of Payless ShoeSource 
Holdings, Ltd., which rents retail space from the Company. The Company recorded approximately $1.6 million, $1.3 million and 
$1.5 million in rental income for this space during the fiscal years ended  August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.  Additionally, Mr. 
Zurcher is a director of Molinos de Costa Rica S.A.  The Company paid approximately $741,000, $754,000 and $636,000 for 
products  purchased  from  this  entity  during  the  fiscal  years  ended  August 31,  2019,  2018  and  2017,  respectively.  Also,  Mr. 
Zurcher  is  a  director  of  Roma Prince  S.A. PriceSmart  purchased  products  from  this entity  for  approximately  $1.0 million, 
$1.1 million and $1.1 million for the years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

Relationships with Price Family Charitable Organizations: During the years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, 
the Company sold approximately $527,000, $457,000 and $393,000, respectively, of supplies to Price Philanthropies Foundation. 
Robert Price, Executive Chairman of the Company's Board of Directors, is the Chairman of the Board and President of Price 
Philanthropies  Foundation  and  Price  Charities.  Sherry  S.  Bahrambeygui,  a  director  and  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the 
Company, serves as Executive Vice President, Secretary and Vice Chairman of the Boards of Price Charities, fka San Diego 
Revitalization Corp., and Price Philanthropies Foundation.  

Relationships with Mitchell G. Lynn: Mr. Lynn has been a director of the Company since November 2011. Mr. Lynn is a 
founder and a limited partner of CRI 2000, LP, dba Combined Resources International ("CRI") and Lightspeed Outdoors, LP 
(“LSO”).  CRI  designs  and  imports  consumer  products  for  wholesale  distribution,  primarily  through  warehouse  clubs.  LSO 
designs  and  imports  recreational  products  for  wholesale  distribution  and  online  retailing.  The  Company  paid  approximately 
$65,000, $305,000 and $437,000 for products purchased from these entities during the years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 
2017, respectively.   

Relationship with Golf Park Plaza, S.A.: Golf Park Plaza, S.A. is a real estate joint venture located in Panama entered 
into by the Company in 2008 (see Note 15 - Unconsolidated Affiliate). On December 12, 2013, the Company entered into a lease 
agreement  for  approximately  17,976  square  feet  (1,670  square  meters)  of  land  with  Golf  Park  Plaza,  S.A.  upon  which  the 
Company constructed its central offices in Panama. The lease term is for 15 years with three options to renew for five years each 
at the Company's discretion. The Company recognized $105,700 in rent expense for each of the fiscal years ended August 31, 
2019, 2018 and 2017. 

F-68 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Relationships with Pierre Mignault: Pierre Mignault was elected to the Board of Directors, effective August 1, 2015. 
Mr.  Mignault  has  been  a  consultant  for  the  Company  since  September  2009,  serving  as  an  independent  sourcing  agent  with 
Canadian suppliers. In his role as an independent sourcing agent, Mr. Mignault received commissions  of $240,000, $268,000, 
and $224,000 from certain vendors related to the sale of product to the Company in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

NOTE 15 – UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES 

The Company determines whether any of the joint ventures in which it has made investments is a Variable Interest Entity 
(“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and if a reconsideration event has occurred.  At this time, the Company also considers 
whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement in a VIE.  A reporting entity must consolidate 
a VIE if that reporting entity has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) that will absorb a majority of the VIE's 
expected losses, receive a majority of the VIE's expected residual returns, or both.  A reporting entity must consider the rights 
and obligations conveyed by its variable interests and the relationship of its variable interests with variable interests held by other 
parties to determine  whether its variable interests will absorb a majority of a VIE's expected losses, receive a majority of the 
VIE's expected residual returns, or both.  The reporting entity that consolidates a VIE is called the primary beneficiary of  that 
VIE. 

In 2008, the Company entered into real estate joint ventures to jointly own and operate separate commercial retail centers 
adjacent to warehouse clubs in Panama (Golf Park Plaza, S.A.) and Costa Rica (Plaza Alajuela, S.A.).  Due to the initial nature 
of the joint ventures and the continued commitments for additional financing, the Company determined these joint ventures are 
VIEs.  Since all rights, obligations and the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic 
performance is shared equally by both parties within each joint venture, the Company has determined that it is not the primary 
beneficiary of the VIEs and, therefore, has accounted for these entities under the equity method.  Under the equity method, the 
Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates are initially recorded as an investment in the stock of an investee at cost and 
are adjusted for the carrying amount of the investment to recognize the investor's share of the earnings or losses of the investee 
after the date of the initial investment. 

On December 12, 2013, the Company entered into a lease agreement for approximately 17,976 square feet (1,670 square 
meters) of land with Golf Park Plaza, S.A. upon which the Company constructed its central offices in Panama.  Construction of 
the offices was completed in October 2014.  The lease term is for 15 years with three options to renew for five years each at the 
Company's discretion.  The Company recognized $105,700 in rent expense for each of the fiscal years ended August 31, 2019, 
2018 and 2017. 

The table below summarizes the Company’s interest in these VIEs and the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a 

result of its involvement with these VIEs as of August 31, 2019 (in thousands): 

% 
Ownership  

Initial 
Investment  

Additional 
Investments  

Net 
(Loss)/Income 
Inception to 
Date 

Company’s 
Variable 
Interest 
in Entity 

Commitment 
to Future 
Additional 
Investments(1)  

Company's 
Maximum 
Exposure 
to Loss in 
Entity(2) 

 50  %  $ 
 50  %   

 $ 

 4,616  $ 
 2,193   
 6,809  $ 

 2,402  $ 
 1,236   
 3,638  $ 

 164  $ 
 86   
 250  $ 

 7,182  $ 
 3,515   
 10,697  $ 

 99  $ 

 785   
 884  $ 

 7,281 
 4,300 
 11,581 

Entity 
GolfPark Plaza, S.A. 
Price Plaza Alajuela, S.A.  
Total 

(1)  The parties intend to seek alternate financing for the project, which could reduce the amount of investments each party would be required 
to provide.  The parties may mutually agree on changes to the project, which could increase or decrease the amount of contributions each 
party is required to provide. 

(2)  The maximum exposure is determined by adding the Company’s variable interest in the entity and any explicit or implicit arrangements 

that could require the Company to provide additional financial support. 

F-69 

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The summarized financial information of the unconsolidated affiliates is as follows (in thousands): 

Current assets 
Noncurrent assets 
Current liabilities 
Noncurrent liabilities 

August 31, 
2019 

August 31, 
2018 

  $ 

 1,344   $ 

 10,949  
 156  

  $ 

 8   $ 

 1,528 
 10,883 
 239 
 10 

Years Ended August 31, 

2019 

2018 

2017 

PriceSmart's share of net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates 

  $ 

 (61)   $ 

 (8)   $ 

 (1) 

NOTE 16 – ACQUISITION 

On  March 15,  2018,  the  Company  acquired  technology,  talent  and  cross-border  logistics  infrastructure  through  a 
marketplace and casillero business operated by Aeropost, Inc. This acquisition has been accounted for in conformity with ASC 
Topic 805, Business Combinations.  PriceSmart is actively integrating and investing in the technology, talent and infrastructure 
from this business to expand its omni-channel capabilities. The Company paid $29.0 million in cash for this acquisition. Under 
the merger agreement, $5.0 million of the total consideration has been placed in escrow and its release to the sellers is contingent 
upon certain key Aeropost, Inc. executives remaining employed with the Company for 15 months from the date of closing. The 
amount placed in escrow also can be used to satisfy any indemnification claims and post-closing adjustments in favor of the 
Company.  This  contingent  consideration  is  accounted  for  as  post-combination  compensation  expense,  reduces  the  total 
consideration and will be recorded over this 15 month period. The post-acquisition compensation expense is recorded as prepaid 
expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet, and has been treated as use of cash from operating activities 
on the consolidated statement of cash flows. The 15-month period lapsed on June 15, 2019, and the key Aeropost, Inc. executives 
remained  employed  with  the  Company  during  this  time,  as  such,  no  claim  in  this  respect  has  been  made  against  the  escrow 
balance for this concept. Subsequent to the balance sheet date, all indemnification claims and post-closing adjustments submitted 
by the Company and the sellers have been settled with no material adjustments to the escrow balance.  

Below is the table that summarizes the total purchase price consideration (in thousands):  

Estimated consideration on the acquisition date 
Estimated assumed net liabilities at acquisition date 
Total cash consideration 
Post-combination compensation expense, net of claims 
Business acquisition, net assets acquired 
Cash acquired 
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

Below is the table that summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands): 

Current assets 
Other non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Deferred tax assets, long-term 
Total assets acquired 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Noncontrolling interest 
Net assets acquired 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

F-70 

 30,046 
 (1,093) 
 28,953 
 (3,754) 
 25,199 
 1,208 
 23,991 

 4,196 
 746 
 2,059 
 16,100 
 11,411 
 4,078 
38,590 
 (5,862) 
 (6,967) 
 (562) 
25,199 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

Goodwill represents the excess of the total purchase price over the fair value of the underlying assets. The goodwill is 

not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. 

The following sets forth the results of the amounts preliminarily assigned to the identifiable intangible assets acquired 

(in thousands):  

Trade name 
Developed technology 
Total assets acquired 

Amortization  
Period 
25 years 
5 years 

Fair value of  
  Assets Acquired 

  $ 

  $ 

5,100 
11,000 
16,100 

The fair value of the intangible assets is measured based on assumptions and estimations with regards to variable factors 
such as the amount and timing of future cash flows, appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates, nonperformance risk or other factors 
that market participants would consider. The trade name and developed technology were valued using the income-based approach 
and royalty income method, respectively. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the amortization periods 
noted above, which is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of income. 

The following unaudited pro forma financial information shows the combined results of operations of the Company, 

including Aeropost, Inc., as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented (in thousands): 

Pro forma total revenues 
Pro forma net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. (1) 
Pro forma net income attributable to noncontrolling interest  

Twelve Months Ended 
2017 
2018 
3,040,168 
3,197,307   $ 
82,587 
67,734   $ 
248 
444   $ 

  $ 
  $ 
  $ 

(1) 

Includes the pro forma recognition of $3.0 million of post-combination compensation expense, which represents completion of twelve of 
the fifteen months of continued service required to satisfy the $3.8 million remaining purchase price contingency, and $2.1 million for the 
amortization of intangible assets for the twelve months ended August 31, 2018. 

The following is summary financial information for Aeropost, Inc., including costs to expand omni-channel capabilities 

for fiscal year 2019 (in thousands): 

Total revenue  
Net Loss (net of tax benefits) 

  $ 
  $ 

NOTE 17 – SEGMENTS 

2019 

 37,162  
 (14,462)  

Twelve Months Ended 
2018 

 16,863 
 (6,901)     

2017 
N/A 
N/A 

The Company and its subsidiaries are principally engaged in the international operation of membership shopping in 43 
warehouse clubs located in 12 countries and one U.S. territory that are located in Central America, the Caribbean and Colombia.  
In addition, the Company operates distribution centers and corporate offices in the United States.  The Company has aggregated 
its warehouse clubs, distribution centers and corporate offices into reportable segments.  The Company’s reportable segments are 
based  on  management’s  organization  of  these  locations  into  operating  segments  by  general  geographic  location,  used  by 
management  and  the  Company's  chief  operating  decision  maker  in  setting  up  management  lines  of  responsibility,  providing 
support services, and making operational decisions and assessments of financial performance.  Segment amounts are presented 
after converting to U.S. dollars and consolidating eliminations.  Certain revenues, operating costs and inter-company charges 
included in the United States segment are not allocated to the segments within this presentation, as it is impractical to do so, and 
they appear as reconciling items to reflect the amount eliminated on consolidation of intersegment transactions. From time to 
time, the Company revises the measurement of each segment's operating income and net income, including certain corporate 
overhead allocations, and other measures as determined by the information regularly reviewed by the Company's chief operating 
decision maker. When the Company does so, the previous period amounts and balances are reclassified to conform to the current 
period's presentation.  

F-71 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

The following tables summarize by segment certain revenues, operating costs and balance sheet items (in thousands): 

United 
States 
Operations 

Central 
American 
Operations 

Caribbean 
Operations (1)   

Colombia 
Operations   

Reconciling 
Items(2) 

Total 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

Years Ended August 31, 2019 
Revenue from external customers 
Intersegment revenues 
Depreciation, Property and equipment 
Amortization, Intangibles 
Operating income (loss) 
Interest income from external sources 
Interest income from intersegment sources 
Interest expense from external sources 
Interest expense from intersegment sources 
Provision for income taxes 
Net income (loss) attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. (3) 
Long-lived assets (other than deferred tax assets) 
Intangibles, net 
Goodwill  
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates 
Total assets 
Capital expenditures, net 

Years Ended August 31, 2018 
Revenue from external customers 
Intersegment revenues 
Depreciation, Property and equipment 
Amortization, Intangibles 
Operating income (loss) 
Interest income from external sources 
Interest income from intersegment sources 
Interest expense from external sources 
Interest expense from intersegment sources 
Provision for income taxes 
Net income (loss) attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. (3) 
Long-lived assets (other than deferred tax assets) 
Intangibles, net 
Goodwill  
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates 
Total assets 
Capital expenditures, net 

Years Ended August 31, 2017 
Revenue from external customers 
Intersegment revenues 
Depreciation, Property and equipment 
Amortization, Intangibles 
Operating income (loss) 
Interest income from external sources 
Interest income from intersegment sources 
Interest expense from external sources 
Interest expense from intersegment sources 
Provision for income taxes 
Net income (loss) attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
Long-lived assets (other than deferred tax assets) 
Goodwill 
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates 
Total assets 
Capital expenditures, net 

 68,335   $ 
 1,205,986    
 5,334    
 2,404    
 3,805    
 74   
 1,408   
 1,377    
 60   
 11,280   
 (8,518)   
 65,278   
 12,576    
 11,315    
 —   
 161,583   
 8,439    

 57,445   $ 
 1,184,530    
 7,373    
 1,120    
 2,016    
 25    
 747    
 1,465    
 16    
 19,977    
 (19,811)   
 67,650    
 14,980    
 11,230    
 —   
 164,008   
 2,252    

 34,244   $ 
 1,138,526    
 6,653    
 —   
 10,436    
 13    
 739    
 762    
 42    
 9,560    
 3,893    
 70,353    
 —   
 —   
 147,650    
 56,229    

 1,831,761   $ 
 11,185    
 24,684    
 —   
 122,629    
 499   
 1,877   
 2,368    
 1,505    
 19,429    
 100,614    
 383,665   
 —   
 24,593    
 10,697    
 614,579   
 85,962    

 1,839,810   $ 
 —   
 23,391    
 —   
 130,849    
 487    
 1,245    
 3,210    
 1,042    
 20,767    
 107,401    
 320,612    
 —   
 24,903   
 10,758    
 550,874   
 50,982    

 1,789,889   $ 
 —   
 20,252    
 —   
 134,826    
 914    
 882    
 4,127    
 1,106    
 23,368    
 107,797    
 296,915    
25,375   
 10,765    
 544,683    
 50,977    

 933,886   $ 
 4,507    
 14,052    
 —   
 50,724    
 568   
 724   
 (401)   
 2,132    
 6,615    
 44,168    
 165,584   
 —   
 10,193    
 —   
 340,216   
 28,434    

 879,423   $ 
 4,472    
 11,596    
 —   
 48,383    
 767    
 730    
 (353)   
 1,576    
 5,624    
 44,178    
 150,516    
 —   
 10,196   
 —   
 318,837   
 39,379    

 827,920   $ 
 4,796    
 10,205    
 —   
 47,190    
 740    
 546    
 548    
 990    
 7,654    
 38,403    
 122,616    
10,267   
 —   
 303,234    
 26,586    

 389,936   $ 
 1,498    
 8,484    
 —   
 14,909    
 348   
 —   
 595    
 8    
 236    
 14,124    
 115,838   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 180,033   
 22,832    

 390,024   $ 
 993    
 9,160    
 —   
 12,086    
 136    
 —   
 750    
 3    
 1,809    
 9,917    
 118,284    
 —   
 —   
 —   
 182,673   
 3,237    

 344,575   $ 
 110    
 9,182    
 —   
 4,932    
 142    
 —   
 1,340    
 34    
 1,436    
 1,786    
 126,206    
 —   
 —   
 181,947    
 3,232    

 —  $ 
 (1,223,176)   
 —   
 —   
 (76,900)   
 —   
 (4,009)   
 —   
 (3,705)   
 —   
 (77,197)   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   

 —  $ 
 (1,189,995)   
 —   
 —   
 (67,282)   
 —   
 (2,722)   
 —   
 (2,637)   
 —   
 (67,357)   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   

 —  $ 
 (1,143,432)   
 —   
 —   
 (61,155)   
 —   
 (2,167)   
 —   
 (2,172)   
 —   
 (61,155)   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   
 —   

 3,223,918  
 — 
 52,554  
 2,404  
 115,167  
 1,489 
 — 
 3,939  
 — 
 37,560 
 73,191  
 730,365 
 12,576  
 46,101  
 10,697  
 1,296,411 
 145,667  

 3,166,702  
 — 
 51,520  
 1,120  
 126,052  
 1,415  
 — 
 5,072  
 — 
 48,177  
 74,328  
 657,062  
 14,980  
 46,329  
 10,758  
 1,216,392  
 95,850  

 2,996,628  
 — 
 46,292  
 — 
 136,229  
 1,809  
 — 
 6,777  
 — 
 42,018  
 90,724  
 616,090  
 35,642  
 10,765  
 1,177,514  
 137,024  

(1)  Management considers its club in the U.S. Virgin Islands to be part of its Caribbean operations. 
(2)  The reconciling items reflect the amount eliminated on consolidation of intersegment transactions. 
(3) 

In March 2018, the Company acquired technology, talent and cross-border logistics infrastructure that operated a marketplace and casillero 
business. Investments in the technology, talent and infrastructure to expand our omni-channel capabilities, together with the operating 
results from the marketplace and casillero business, negatively impacted Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. $14.5 million for the 
twelve months ended August 31, 2019. Management considers this business to be part of its United States operations. 

F-72 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
PRICESMART, INC. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued) 

NOTE 18 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

The Company  has evaluated all events subsequent to the balance sheet date of August 31, 2019 through the date of 
issuance of these consolidated financial statements and has determined that, except as set forth below, there are no subsequent 
events that require disclosure. 

Real Estate Transactions 

In September 2019, the Company secured land in Portmore City, Jamaica, upon which the Company plans to construct 
a warehouse club. Portmore is expected to open, in the fall of 2020. This will bring the number of PriceSmart warehouse clubs 
operating in Jamaica to two. 

In October 2019, the Company acquired land in Bucaramanga, Colombia, upon which the Company plans to construct 
a warehouse club. Bucaramanga is expected to open, in the fall of 2020. This will bring the number of PriceSmart warehouse 
clubs operating in Colombia to nine. 

NOTE 19 – QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) 

Summarized quarterly financial information for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands, except per 

share data): 

Fiscal Year 2019 
Total revenues 
Total cost of goods sold 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
Basic net income per share 
Diluted net income per share 

Fiscal Year 2018 
Total revenues 
Total cost of goods sold 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
Basic net income per share 
Diluted net income per share 

Fiscal Year 2017 
Total revenues 
Total cost of goods sold 
Net income attributable to PriceSmart, Inc. 
Basic net income per share 
Diluted net income per share 

Three Months Ended, 

  Year Ended, 
  Nov 30, 2018   Feb 28, 2019     May 31, 2019   Aug 31, 2019   Aug 31, 2019 
 3,223,918 
  $ 
 2,695,691 
  $ 
 73,191 
  $ 
 2.40 
  $ 
 2.40 
  $ 

 788,556   $ 
 661,887   $ 
 14,096   $ 
 0.46   $ 
 0.46   $ 

 801,300   $ 
 663,766   $ 
 20,673   $ 
 0.67   $ 
 0.67   $ 

 779,637   $ 
 653,180   $ 
 14,612   $ 
 0.48   $ 
 0.48   $ 

 854,425  
 716,858  
 23,810   
 0.79  
 0.79  

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

Three Months Ended, 

  Year Ended, 
  Nov 30, 2017   Feb 28, 2018     May 31, 2018   Aug 31, 2018   Aug 31, 2018 
 3,166,702 
  $ 
 2,656,520 
  $ 
 74,328 
  $ 
 2.44 
  $ 
 2.44 
  $ 

 782,201   $ 
 652,694   $ 
 18,694   $ 
 0.61   $ 
 0.61   $ 

 777,866   $ 
 650,801   $ 
 18,996   $ 
 0.62   $ 
 0.62   $ 

 767,072   $ 
 644,985   $ 
 22,490   $ 
 0.74   $ 
 0.74   $ 

 $ 
 $ 
 14,148  (1)  $ 
 $ 
 0.47  
 $ 
 0.47  

 839,563  
 708,040  

Three Months Ended, 

  Year Ended, 
  Nov 30, 2016   Feb 28, 2017     May 31, 2017   Aug 31, 2017   Aug 31, 2017 
 2,996,628 
  $ 
 2,519,752 
  $ 
 90,724 
  $ 
 2.98 
  $ 
 2.98 
  $ 

 730,258   $ 
 617,598   $ 
 18,838   $ 
 0.62   $ 
 0.62   $ 

 733,502   $ 
 615,920   $ 
 19,798   $ 
 0.64   $ 
 0.64   $ 

 739,572   $ 
 618,671   $ 
 24,869   $ 
 0.82   $ 
 0.82   $ 

 793,296  
 667,563  
 27,219  
 0.90  
 0.90  

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

(1) 

In the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company recorded its provisional tax estimate of $13.4 million as a result of the U.S. Tax 
Reform Transition Tax. The Company finalized its calculation of this Transition Tax in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, reducing it 
to approximately $12.5 million. 

F-73 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
PRICESMART, INC. 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

The Company's common stock has been quoted and traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol 
“PSMT” since September 2, 1997. As of October 17, 2019, there were approximately 19,383 holders of record of the common 
stock.  

2019 FISCAL QUARTERS 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

2018 FISCAL QUARTERS 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

Dates 

Stock Price 

From 

To 

High 

Low 

9/1/2018   11/30/2018   $ 

12/1/2018  
3/1/2019  
6/1/2019  

2/28/2019  
5/31/2019  
8/31/2019  

 88.05   $ 
 67.45  
 64.69  
 62.37  

9/1/2017   11/30/2017   $ 

12/1/2017  
3/1/2018  
6/1/2018  

2/28/2018  
5/31/2018  
8/31/2018  

 91.10   $ 
 88.05  
 90.75  
 93.83  

 64.81 
 55.78 
 48.60 
 48.69 

 79.90 
 78.35 
 78.60 
 77.90 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the year ended August 31, 2019.  

74 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among PriceSmart, Inc., the NASDAQ Composite Index 
and the NASDAQ Retail Trade Index

$350

$300

$250

$200

$150

$100

$50

$0

8/14

8/15

8/16

8/17

8/18

8/19

PriceSmart, Inc.

NASDAQ Composite

NASDAQ Retail Trade

*$100 invested on 8/31/14 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending August 31.

PriceSmart, Inc. 
NASDAQ Composite 
NASDAQ Retail Trade 

100.00 
100.00 
100.00 

95.61 
105.49 
131.43 

94.81 
116.59 
162.32 

92.98 
145.43 
189.38 

100.25 
185.35 
315.86 

70.59 
184.02 
293.09 

8/14 

8/15 

8/16 

8/17 

8/18 

8/19 

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. 

75 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRICESMART, INC. 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Dividends 

Declared 
1/30/2019 
1/24/2018 
2/1/2017 

First Payment 

Record 
Date 

Date 
Paid 

  Amount  

Second Payment 
Date 
Paid 

Record 
Date 

 0.70     2/15/2019     2/28/2019    $ 
 0.70     2/14/2018     2/28/2018    $ 
 0.70     2/15/2017     2/28/2017   $ 

 0.35     8/15/2019    8/30/2019    $ 
 0.35     8/15/2018    8/31/2018    $ 
 0.35     8/15/2017    8/31/2017   $ 

  Amount  
   $ 
   $ 
   $ 

  Amount 
 0.35 
 0.35 
 0.35 

The Company anticipates the ongoing payment of  semi-annual dividends in  subsequent  periods, although the actual 
declaration of future dividends, the amount of such dividends, and the establishment of record and payment dates is subject to 
final  determination  by  the  Board  of  Directors at  its  discretion  after  its  review  of  the  Company’s  financial  performance  and 
anticipated capital requirements.  

Repurchase of Equity Securities 

Upon vesting of restricted stock awarded by the Company to employees, the Company repurchases shares and withholds 
the amount of the repurchase payment to cover employees’ tax withholding obligations. As set forth in the table below, during 
fiscal year 2019, the Company repurchased a total of 75,462 shares in the indicated months. These were the only repurchases of 
equity securities made by the Company during fiscal year 2019. The Company does not have a stock repurchase program. 

Period 
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018 
October 1, 2018 - October 31, 2018 
November 1, 2018 - November 30, 2018 
December 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018 
January 1, 2019 - January 31, 2019 
February 1, 2019 - February 28, 2019 
March 1, 2019 - March 31, 2019 
April 1, 2019 - April 30, 2019 
May 1, 2019 - May 31, 2019 
June 1, 2019 - June 30, 2019 
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019 
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019 
Total 

(a) 
Total 
  Number of 
Shares 
  Purchased 

(b) 

  Average 
  Price Paid 
  Per Share 

(c) 
Total Number of 
Shares Purchased 
as Part of 
  Publicly Announced 
  Plans or Programs 

(d) 
  Maximum Number 
  of Shares That May 
  Yet Be Purchased 

Under the 

  Plans or Programs 

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 38,270  
 674  
 3,698  
 8,502  
 —  
 224  
 2,622  
 21,472  
 75,462   $ 

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 62.09  
 60.33  
 61.99  
 58.66  
 —  
 51.60  
 61.11  
 59.92  
 61.00  

 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —  

N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Corporate Offices 
9740 Scranton Road 
San Diego, CA 92121 
(858) 404-8800 

Stock Exchange Listing 
NASDAQ Global Select Market 
Stock Symbol: PSMT 

Annual Meeting 
Thursday, February 6, 2020 at 10:00 AM 
PriceSmart, Inc. Corporate Headquarters 
9740 Scranton Road 
San Diego, CA 92121 

Transfer Agent 
Computershare Inc. 
462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600 
Louisville, KY, 40202 
Telephone: (888) 867-6003 
TDD for Hearing Impaired: (800) 952-9245 
Outside U.S.: (201) 680-6578 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Ernst & Young U.S. LLP 
4365 Executive Drive, Suite 1600 
San Diego, CA 92121 

PriceSmart's annual reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K and any quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, 
as amended, will be provided free of charge upon written request to Investor Relations, PriceSmart, Inc., 9740 Scranton Road., 
San Diego, CA 92121. Internet users can access PriceSmart's web site at http://www.pricesmart.com. 

77 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
DIRECTORS & OFFICERS OF PRICESMART, INC. 
As of December 20, 2019 

Robert E. Price   
Leon Janks  
Sherry S. Bahrambeygui 
Gonzalo Barrutieta 
Jeffrey Fisher 
Gordon Hanson  
Beatriz Infante   
Mitch Lynn 
Gary Malino 
Pierre Mignault  
Edgar Zurcher   

Sherry S. Bahrambeygui 
Michael L. McCleary 
William J. Naylon 
Francisco Velasco 

Ana Luisa Bianchi 
Rodrigo Calvo   
Frank Diaz 
Brud E. Drachman 

John D. Hildebrandt  
Laura Santana 
Jesus Von Chong 

Executive Chairman 
Lead Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 

Chief Executive Officer 
Senior Vice President & Interim Chief Financial Officer 
Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer 
Executive Vice President — General Counsel, Chief Ethics & Compliance 
Officer, and Secretary 
Executive Vice President — Chief Merchandising Officer 
Executive Vice President — Real Estate 
Executive Vice President — Logistics and Distribution 
Executive Vice President — Environmental Responsibility, Construction & 
Facilities 
Executive Vice President — Operations 
Executive Vice President — Information Technology 
Executive Vice President — Regional Merchandising  

Catherine D. Alvarez-Smith 
Juan Ignacio Biehl 
Bob Coulson 
Paul Kovaleski   
Nicolas Maslowski 
Alberto Morales 
Atul Patel 
Rafael Rodriguez  
Chris Souhrada 
Melissa Twohey 
Pedro Vera 
Benjamin M. Woods 

Senior Vice President — International Controller 
Senior Vice President — Digital Experience  
Senior Vice President — Merchandising – Softlines  
Senior Vice President — Food Service, Bakery and Optical 
Senior Vice President — Member Experience 
Senior Vice President — Human Resources 
Senior Vice President — Treasurer 
Senior Vice President — Distribution  
Senior Vice President — Regional Operations 
Senior Vice President — Merchandising – Corporate Foods 
Senior Vice President — Regional Operations 
Senior Vice President — Merchandising – Non-Foods 

Alma Adajar-Aban 
Alexa Bodden 
George Burkle   
Guadalupe Cefalu 
Maynor Chavez  
Nelly Concepcion 
Paula Dempsey   
Eduardo Franceschi 
Patricia M. Klassen 
Dhanraj Mahabir 
Jonathan Mendoza 

Vice President — Internal Audit and Controls  
Vice President — Membership & Marketing 
Vice President — US Export Sales 
Vice President — Forecasting & Planning 
Vice President — Compensation & Benefits  
Vice President — Human Resources  
Vice President — Finance  
Vice President — Regional Operations 
Vice President — Associate General Counsel and Assistant Corporate Secretary 
Vice President — Regional Operations 
Vice President — Construction & Facilities 

78 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hana Nizel 
Michelle Obediente 
Kelly Orme 
Dennis Palma 
Meshach Ramkissoon 
Emma Reyes 
Ronald Rodriquez 
Christina Santmyre 
Eric Torres 

Vice President — Merchandising – Corporate Fresh Foods 
Vice President — Merchandising – Regional Foods 
Vice President — Merchandising – Global Sourcing 
Vice President — Business Services  
Vice President — Merchandising – Regional Fresh Foods 
Vice President — International Logistics & Trade Compliance 
Vice President — Logistics 
Vice President — Distribution 
Vice President — Facilities Maintenance & Equipment 

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