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Primoris Services

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FY2016 Annual Report · Primoris Services
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Company Registration Number 3740688 

PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC  
(formerly Stellar Resources plc) 

REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 

31 DECEMBER 2016 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CONTENTS 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

REPORT OF THE AUDITOR 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

Page 

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17 

 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW 

I am pleased to present the Chairman's report for the year ended 31 December 2016. 

Overview 
Primorus  Investments  plc  (“Primorus  Investments”)  has  a  strong  balance  sheet  with  no  debt  and  with  current 
assets (including cash of £221,000) as at 31 December 2016 amounting to £1,295,000. (2015: £1,218,000) 

It  has  been  a  successful  year  for  the  Company  on  the  oil  and  minerals  exploration  front.  The  Company  has 
investment  in  two  natural  resource  assets  in  the  UK,  being  a  10%  stake  in  Horse  Hill  Developments  Limited 
(“HHDL”), and a 49% stake in Gold Mines of Wales Limited. We believe these investments will enhance future 
shareholder value. 

The planned testing at the Horse Hill-1 (“HH-1”) discovery in the Weald Basin onshore UK was undertaken in early 
2016 with exceptionally high oil flow rates being achieved in both the Kimmeridge Limestone and the Portland 
Sandstone reservoirs. Flow results from the HH-1 well at Horse Hill produced stable dry oil flow rates from initial 
flow tests of 1,688 barrels of oil per day through restricted choke settings, which are thought to be the UK’s highest 
flow rates for any onshore discovery. 

These confirm that a commercial discovery has been made and plans to develop the field will now proceed. The 
Company is awaiting proposals from the operator at Horse Hill, Horse Hill Developments Limited (“HHDL”) on the 
next phase of operations at Horse Hill, but the Company sees significant potential for commercial development of 
both the Portland and Kimmeridge intervals.  The HH-1 Portland Sandstone discovery is now estimated to contain 
21 million barrels of oil (“mmbbls”) initially in place. The discovery made in the Jurassic, Kimmeridgian, Oxfordian 
and Liassic limestones and mudstones has been extensively studied and attributed with very significant resource 
potential  in  separate  studies  by  Nutech  and  Schlumberger.  HHDL  has  advised  that  it  is  seeking  regulatory 
permissions to conduct extended production tests from all 3 oil zones at the site, followed by a horizontal side-
track in the Kimmeridge limestones and a new Portland appraisal and development well.  

Gold Mines of Wales Limited (49% owned by Primorus Investments) in turn owns 100% of Gold Mines of Wales 
(Operations) Limited ("GMOW").  GMOW is the UK entity that holds the exclusive Option from the Crown Estate 
over 107 km2 of exploration area.  The Option granted to GMOW is akin to what is known as an exploration licence 
in other jurisdictions, in that it gives GMOW the exclusive right to explore for gold and other minerals within the 
licence area for the specific period.  

The Company announced an update on 2 May 2017 in regard to its investment in Fresho, a leading Australian B2B 
company servicing the Restaurant and Food Service industries. It has informed us that annualised platform volume 
growth has risen 5-fold to circa A$100million. 

Investments 

Investment in Gold Mines of Wales: (49% interest in Gold Mines of Wales Limited) 

Option Renewal 
On 17 August 2015, the Company announced the renewal of the Crown Estate ("Crown") Mines Royal Exploration 
Option ("Option") over the Dolgellau Gold-Belt for a period of six years to GMOW subject to review by the Crown 
of GMOW's progress and activities every two years. Previous extensions of the Option have only been granted for 
a period of one year. 

Work programme 
In July 2016, the Company announced a summary of a Competent Person's Report on GMOW’s mineral assets in 
Wales prepared by SRK Exploration Services Ltd ("SRK ES"). Broadly the outcomes of this report were positive and 
the exploration potential, in the opinion of SRK ES, is good. The success of any new exploration will depend on 
sound  geological  knowledge  and  the  application  of  a  detailed  systematic  exploration  programme.  SRK  ES 
recommends that this should include stream sediment sampling, geological mapping, soil sampling, hand auger  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW – CONTINUED 

drilling and geophysical surveying, and considers the drilling targets could be provided within a 10-month period 
at a cost of £350,000 - £400,000. Following this, if the necessary planning and environmental permissions can be 
secured by GMOW, diamond drilling could be undertaken to support the presence of a potential deposit. 

GMOW and SRK ES are likely to commence the physical on-the-ground works during the next 12 months. GMOW 
is  also  currently  working  with  its  environmental  consultants  to  commence  environmental  impact  (“EIS”)  and 
conceptual planning studies. 

Investment in Horse Hill Developments Limited: (10% interest in HHDL) 

The  Company  currently  owns  a  10%  direct  interest  in  Horse  Hill  Developments  Limited.  HHDL  is  a  special  purpose 
company that owns a 65% participating interest and operatorship of Licence PEDL137 and the adjacent Licence PEDL246 
in the UK Weald Basin. 

As reported in March 2016, the final total aggregate stable dry oil flow rate from two Kimmeridge limestones plus the 
overlying  Portland  sandstone  in  HH-1  stands  at  1,688  barrels  of  oil  per  day  (“bopd”),  a  UK  record  for  an  onshore 
discovery well. Over the 30 to 90 hour flow periods from each of the 3 zones in HH-1, no clear indication of any reservoir 
pressure depletion was observed.  

Flow Test Highlights: 

• 

• 

• 

The final Portland test of 323 bopd, over an 8.5-hour, period is the highest stable dry oil flow rate from any 
onshore  UK  Portland  well.  On  further  testing,  with  a  larger  pump,  the  rate  doubled  from  the  previously 
reported stable dry oil rate of 168 bopd. The Portland was produced at maximum pump capacity and showed 
no clear indication of depletion. It is likely that the peak rate can be further increased using a higher capacity 
downhole pump during the next planned test. 
Proof that the Kimmeridge limestones contain significant volumes of moveable light oil that can be flowed to 
surface at commercial rates. 
The stable dry-oil flow rate of 464 bopd from the Lower Kimmeridge Limestone is the first ever flow from this 
rock unit in the Weald Basin and onshore UK. 

•  Based on the analysis of published reports, sighted by the Directors, from all significant UK onshore discovery 
wells, the Company Directors’ concludes that the well's 1,688 bopd is likely the highest aggregate stable dry-
oil flow from any onshore UK new field discovery well. 

•  Based  on  the  analysis  of  published  reports  from  all  significant  UK  onshore  discovery  wells,  the  Company 
Directors’ concludes that the 901 bopd from the Upper Kimmeridge zone is likely the highest stable natural dry 
oil flow rate from a single reservoir in any UK onshore new field discovery well. 

•  High  quality  Brent  Crude  produced:  light,  sweet  oil  (40  degrees  API  in  Kimmeridge,  35-37  degrees  API  in 

• 

• 

Portland) with 1,940 barrels delivered to the Esso Fawley refinery. 
Preliminary analysis confirms that the Lower and Upper Kimmeridge Limestone units are naturally fractured 
reservoirs with high deliverability. 
Strong possibility for further optimisation and increased flow rates from all 3 zones in future development and 
production wells, particularly through the use of horizontal wells. 

Summary Table of Test Results: Horse Hill -1 well – Weald Basin, UK 
Stabilised Dry Oil 

Maximum 

Zone 

Instantaneous Oil 
Rate 

Rate 

Perforated 
Interval 

bopd 
360 
U. Portland * 
1008 
U. Kimmeridge ** 
700 
L. Kimmeridge ** 
Total 
2068 
Note: * flow rate limited by pump stroke rate capacity ** natural flow 

Bopd 
323 
901 
464 
1688 

ft 
103 
88 
80 
271 

Stabilised Flow 

Depth 

Period 

hours 
8.5 
4.0 
7.5 
20 

Below 
Surface 
ft 
2000 
2800 
2950 

2 

 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW – CONTINUED 

HH-1 Overview and Recap: 
The HH-1 discovery well, completed in November 2014, was the first modern well since the 1980s to test the entire 
Jurassic and Triassic section of the Weald Basin, reaching Palaeozoic basement at circa 8,500 feet. The well was drilled  
with oil-based mud to ensure good electric log data collection. A comprehensive suite of modern Schlumberger log data, 
including magnetic resonance data, was acquired. Geological samples were collected at 10 foot intervals throughout 
the well specifically for geochemical analysis. 

The analysis of thermal maturity data (vitrinite reflectance) from geological samples, by a leading analyst in Switzerland,  
showed that the Kimmeridge section of the well was within the peak oil generative window. Previous researchers had 
stated that the Kimmeridge was thermally immature, and whilst recognised to be the time equivalent of the North Sea's 
main oil source rock, had likely only generated either early stage immoveable bitumen or minor quantities of moveable 
oil, as seen in the Upper Kimmeridge Limestone in Balcombe-1, 15 km to the south of HH-1. 

As previously announced by UK Oil & Gas PLC (“UKOG”), geochemical analysis of samples throughout the c. 1300 feet 
thick Kimmeridge shale section of HH-1, showed that the shales comprised a world class oil source rock. Analysis of 277 
samples showed 780 feet of drilled section exceeding 2% total organic carbon ("TOC") by weight, with an average of 
4.1% TOC. The richest section, and possible sweet-spot, lay between the Upper and Lower Kimmeridge Limestones with 
an average of 5% TOC and a high of 9.4% TOC. The organic shales demonstrated high oil generative potentials ranging 
from an average of 35 kg/tonne to a high of 103 kg/tonne and with high Hydrogen Indices ("HI") averaging 754. Further 
significant potential source rock sections were identified in the Middle Jurassic and Lias sections of the well. 

Both Nutech and Schlumberger, leaders in the field of electric log analysis in rocks with low permeabilities, were then 
engaged by UKOG to investigate the presence of oil in the HH-1 well. UKOG reported the results during 2015, which 
indicated that a mean estimated total of between 9.97 and 10.99 billion barrels of OIP, or oil in the ground, existed 
under the HH-1 licence area, contained in shales and limestones of the Kimmeridge, Oxford Clay and Lias. 

Based on analysis of published reports from all significant UK onshore discovery wells, the 1,688 bbl per day flow rate 
is likely to be the highest aggregate stable rate recorded from any onshore UK discovery well. 

The operator at Horse Hill, HHDL, have advised that it is seeking regulatory permissions to conduct extended production 
tests from all 3 oil zones at the site, followed by a horizontal side-track in the Kimmeridge limestones and a new Portland 
appraisal and development well.  

All of the reviews and reports mentioned above state that the OIP volumes estimated should not be construed as 
recoverable resources or reserves. 

Other Investments: 

Fresho Pty Ltd (“Fresho”) 
Fresho,  a  company  in  which  Primorus  holds  an  investment  of  £175,000,  representing  approx.  3.5%  of  the 
company’s share capital, is positioning itself as a leading Australian B2B company servicing the Restaurant and Food 
Service industries. By aggregating and streamlining the food order process via Fresho’s unique cloud-based platform, 
both customers and streamlining the food order process via Fresho’s unique cloud-based platform, both customers and 
suppliers are able to make savings in time, money and wastage and also generate powerful reporting and business data 
analytics.  To  date  Fresho’s  customer  base  has  been  located  in  Melbourne  with  many  of  Australia’s  most  iconic 
restaurants and suppliers using the product, however they are now expanding into a number of Australia’s other cities. 

Boletus Resources Limited (“Boletus”) 
In January 2014, Stellar acquired an initial 20% shareholding in Boletus, a special purpose company established for 
developing  the  Bengkulu  Coal  Project  on  the  Indonesian  island  of  Sumatra.  Since  the  time  of  the  original 
investment in Boletus, Boletus have reviewed their options with the lease owner of the Bengkulu Coal Project to 
ascertain if a commercially viable coal operation is indeed possible. At this stage it is not deemed viable and as 
such the investment in Boletus has been fully impaired by a further £150,000. (2015: nil). 

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PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REVIEW – CONTINUED 

Financial Results 

The operating loss was £332,000 (2015 - £266,000 loss). The net loss after tax was £694,000 (2015: £348,000), 
which included a provision of £150,000 against an unlisted investment in Boletus, and a provision of £152,000 
against the loan due from its associate GMOW.  

Current assets including cash at 31 December 2016 amounted to £1,295,000 (2015: £1,218,000). 

In February 2016, the Company announced it had raised £870,000 through the issue of 348 million new shares at 
a placing price of 0.25 pence per share. The funds were used for general working capital purposes and to assist in 
seeking further investment opportunities. 

In March 2017, the Company announced it had raised £237,000 through the issue of 158 million new shares at a 
placing price of 0.15 pence per share. The funds are to be used for general working capital purposes and to assist 
in seeking further investment opportunities.  Also in March 2017, the Company obtained, at a general meeting, 
shareholder approval for an increased authority to issue new ordinary shares.   The Directors stated that they 
wished to undertake a further placing, and a further announcement will be made as appropriate. 

Outlook 

The  Horse  Hill-1  well  has  added  significant  additional  value  to  the  Company.  It  contains  both  a  commercial 
conventional Portland Sandstone discovery and a major new play in the Kimmeridge Limestones  that has very 
significant potential. We will work closely with HHDL on potentially increasing our oil production and reserves from the 
existing fields. 

GMOW continues with its exploration activities and we await further updates. 

We will continue to seek out further investments in line with the Company’s investing strategy. 

The directors would like to take this opportunity to thank our shareholders, staff and consultants for their continued 
support. 

Jeremy Taylor-Firth 
Chairman 
10 May 2017 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

GLOSSARY 

Discovery 

flow test 

Limestone 

Mean 

a discovery is a petroleum accumulation for which one or several exploratory wells have 
established through testing, sampling and/or logging the existence of a significant quantity 
of potentially moveable hydrocarbons 

a flow test or well test involves testing a well by flowing hydrocarbons to surface, typically 
through a test separator.  Key measured parameters are oil and gas flow rates, downhole 
pressure  and  surface  pressure.  The  overall  objective  is  to  identify  the  well's  capacity  to 
produce hydrocarbons at a commercial flow rate 

a  sedimentary  rock  predominantly  composed  of  calcite  (a  crystalline  mineral  form  of 
calcium carbonate) of organic, chemical or detrital origin. Minor amounts of dolomite, chert 
and clay are common in limestones. Chalk is a form of fine-grained limestone 

or  expected  value,  is  the  probability-weighted  average  of  all  possible  values  and  is  a 
measure  of  the  central  tendency  either  of  a  probability  distribution  or  of  the  random 
variable characterised by that distribution 

P50 

a 50% probability that a stated volume will be equalled or exceeded 

reservoir pressure 
depletion 

a reduction in reservoir pressure as indicated by downhole pressure gauges positioned in 
the well close to the zone being tested 

Sandstone 

OIP 

a  clastic  sedimentary  rock  whose  grains  are  predominantly  sand-sized.  The  term  is 
commonly used to imply consolidated sand or a rock made of predominantly quartz sand 

oil in place - the quantity of oil or petroleum that is estimated to exist originally in 
naturally occurring accumulations before any extraction or production 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors  

Secretary 

Registered Office:  

J Taylor-Firth (Non-executive Chairman) 
A Clayton (Executive director) 
D Strang (Non-executive director) 

D Strang 

Suite 3B,  
38 Jermyn Street,  
London,  
SW1Y 6DN  

Company Registration Number:  

03740688 

Country of Incorporation:  

United Kingdom 

Nominated Adviser 

Broker 

Auditor 

Bankers 

Solicitors 

Registrars 

Cairn Financial Advisers LLP 
Cheyne House, Crown Court 
62-63 Cheapside 
London 
EC2V 6AX 

Optiva Securities Ltd 
2 Mill Street 
London 
W1S 2AT 

Chapman Davis LLP 
2 Chapel Court 
London 
SE1 1HH 

Barclays Bank plc 
Corporate Banking  
One Churchill Place 
London 
E14 5HP 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London 
EC2A 2EW 

Share Registrars Limited 
Suite E, First Floor 
9 Lion and Lamb Yard 
Farnham, Surrey  
GU9 7LL 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Jeremy Taylor-Firth,  Non-Executive Chairman 
Jeremy  has  20  years  of  experience  in  investment  management.  In  June  2006  he  joined  Singer  &  Friedlander 
Investment Management as an Investment Director. This business was then acquired by Williams de Broe where 
he  worked  until  October  2010.  Jeremy  is  currently  an  Investment  Manager  with  Hanson  Asset  Management, 
where he has worked for the last 4 years. 

Alastair Clayton, Executive Director 
Alastair  has  over  20  years’  experience  in  identifying,  financing  and  developing  mineral,  energy  and  materials 
processing projects in Australia, Europe and Africa. A qualifed geologist, Alastair also has a Graduate Diploma in 
Finance  and  Economics  and  maintains  a  broad  network  of  Equity  Provider  and  Private  Equity  relationships  in 
Europe, Africa and the US. 

Donald Strang, Non-Executive Director 
Donald is a member of the Australian Institute of Chartered Accountants and has been in business  for over 20 
years,  holding  senior  financial  and  management  positions  in  both  publicly  listed  and  private  enterprises  in 
Australia, Europe and Africa. He has considerable corporate and international expertise and over the past decade 
has focussed on mining and exploration activities. He is currently a director on various AIM listed companies. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

The Directors present their annual report and the audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 
2016. 

Principal Activities 
Primorus Investments plc is an investing company with a focus to acquire a diverse portfolio of direct and indirect 
interests  in  exploration  and  producing  projects  and  assets  in  the  natural  resources  sector  in  addition  to 
acquisitions in the leisure, corporate services, consultancy and brand licensing sectors. The Company will consider 
possible opportunities anywhere in the world. 

Results 
The results for the year are set out on page 13 and are stated in UK sterling.  The Company made a loss after 
taxation of £694,000 (2015 - loss of £348,000). The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend (2015 - 
Nil).  

Review of the Business & Future Developments 
A  review  of  the  business  for  the  year,  and  future  developments  are  set  out  in  the  Chairman’s  Statement 
(incorporating the Strategic Report) on pages 1 to 4. 

Key Performance Indicators 
Due to the current status of the Company, the Board has not identified any performance indicators as key. 

Going Concern 
The Directors note the losses that the Company has made for the year ended 31 December 2016.  The Directors 
have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 May 2018 which take account of the current cost and 
operational structure of the Company.  

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the event 
that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate within its 
available funding. 

These  forecasts  demonstrate  that  the  Company  has  sufficient  cash  funds  available  to  allow  it  to  continue  in 
business  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  these  financial  statements.  
Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

Events After the Reporting Period 
Events After the Reporting Period are outlined in Note 17 to the Financial Statements. 

Directors’ Remuneration and interests 
The  Company  remunerates  the  Directors  at  a  level  commensurate  with  the  size  of  the  Company  and  the 
experience of its Directors. The Remuneration Committee has reviewed the Directors’ remuneration and believes 
it  upholds  the  objectives  of  the  Company  with  regard  to  this  issue.  Details  of  the  Directors’  emoluments  and 
payments made for professional services rendered are set out in note 4 to the Financial Statements. 

All the directors below served during throughout the period unless otherwise stated; 

Donald Strang  
Jeremy Taylor-Firth  
Alastair Clayton  

Each of the directors hold fully vested options over ordinary shares, Jeremy Taylor-Firth and Alastair Clayton each 
hold  12  million,  and Donald  Strang  holds 22  million options  (total  options  held  by directors  is  46 million).  The 
option details are disclosed in Note 14 to the financial staements. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

Substantial Shareholding 
As at 8 May 2017, the Company had been notified of the following substantial shareholdings in the ordinary share 
capital, over 3%; 

JIM Nominees Limited 
TD Direct Investing Nominees (Europe) Limited 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited (15942) 
HSDL Nominees Limited  
Barclayshare Nominees Limited 
Mr Neil Maclachlan 
HSDL Nominees Limited (IWSIPP) 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited (HLNOM) 

Corporate Governance 

Number of ordinary shares 
276,028,962 
112,203,093 
55,512,302 
54,749,923 
51,805,023 
50,000,000 
47,313,247 
39,181,395 

% 
21.76% 
8.84% 
4.38% 
4.32% 
4.08% 
3.94% 
3.73% 
3.09% 

Audit and Remuneration Committees have been established.  The Audit Committee comprises Donald Strang and 
Jeremy Taylor-Firth, chaired by Jeremy Taylor-Firth. The Remuneration Committee comprises Donald Strang and 
Alastair Clayton, chaired by Donald Strang. 

The Audit Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board on the appointment of the auditors 
and the audit fee, and receives and reviews reports from management and the Company’s auditors on the internal 
control systems in use throughout the Company and its accounting policies. 

The role of the Remuneration Committee is to review the performance of the executive Directors and to set the 
scale  and structure  of  their  remuneration, including  bonus  arrangements.    The  Remuneration Committee  also 
administers  and  establishes  performance  targets  for  the  Companys  employee  share  schemes  and  executive 
incentive  schemes  for  key  management.    In  exercising  this  role,  the  terms  of  reference  of  the  Remuneration 
Committee require it to comply with the Code of Best Practice published in the Combined Code. 

Suppliers’ Payment Policy 

It is the Company's policy to agree appropriate terms and conditions for its transactions with suppliers by means 
ranging from standard terms and conditions to individually negotiated contracts and to pay suppliers according to 
agreed terms and conditions, provided that the supplier meets those terms and conditions. The Company does 
not have a standard or code dealing specifically with the payment of suppliers. 

Trade payables at the year end all relate to sundry administrative overheads and disclosure of the number of days 
purchases represented by year end payables is therefore not meaningful. 

Charitable Contributions 

During the year the Company made charitable donations amounting to Nil (2015- Nil). 

Directors' Indemnities 

In accordance with the Companies (Audit Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, which came into 
force on 6 April 2005, the Company has indemnified the Directors against liability to third parties, and undertaken 
to pay Directors' legal costs as incurred, provided that they are reimbursed to  the Company if the individual is 
convicted. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company involve the ability to raise funding in order to finance the 
acquisition and exploitation of mining opportunities and the exposure to fluctuating commodity prices. 

In  addition,  the  amount  and  quality  of  minerals  available  and  the  related  costs  of  extraction  and  production 
represent a significant risk to the Company. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

The Company’s principal financial instruments are available for sale assets, trade receivables, trade payables and 
cash at bank. The main purpose of these financial instruments are to fund the Company's operations. 

It  is,  and  has  been  throughout  the  period  under  review,  the  Company’s  policy  that  no  trading  in  financial 
instruments shall be undertaken. The main risk arising from the Company’s financial instruments is liquidity risk. 
The board reviews and agrees policies for managing this risk and this is summarised below. 

Liquidity risk 

The Company's objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of 
equity and its cash resources. Further details of this are provided in the principal accounting policies, headed 'going 
concern' and in note 12 to the financial statements. 

Auditors 

Chapman  Davis  LLP  offer  themselves  for  re-appointment  as  auditor  in  accordance  with  Section  489  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Annual General Meeting 

Notice of the forthcoming Annual General Meeting will be enclosed separately. 

By Order of the Board 

Donald Strang 
Director 
10 May 2017 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Financial Statements for each financial year.  Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the Financial Statements under IFRS as adopted by the EU and applicable law.  
The Financial Statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company 
and company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. 

In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departure 
disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements; and 

•  prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume that 

the Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy 
at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

In so far as each of the Directors are aware: 

• 
• 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware; and 
the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included  on  the  company's  website.    Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of Financial Statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE AUDITOR 

Report of the Independent Auditor to the Members of Primorus Investments plc 

We have audited the Financial Statements of  Primorus Investments plc for the year ended 31 December 2016 
which  comprise  the  income  statement,  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the  statement  of  financial 
position,  the  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  statement  of  cash  flows,  and  the  related  notes.  The  financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the Financial Statements is applicable law and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective Responsibilities of Directors and Auditor 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Directors’  Responsibilities  Statement  set  out  on  page  10,  the  Directors  are 
responsible for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view.  Our  responsibility  is  to  audit  and  express  an  opinion  on  the  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply 
with the Auditing Practices Board’s (APB’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors. 

Scope of the Audit of the Financial Statements 
A  description  of  the  scope  of  an  audit  of  Financial  Statements  is  provided  on  the  APB's  website  at 
www.frc.org.uk/apb/scope/private.cfm. 

Opinion on Financial Statements 
In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 
2016 and of the Company's loss for the year then ended;  
the  Financial  Statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union; 
the Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 
or 
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Opinion on Other Matter Prescribed by the Companies Act 2006; 
In  our  opinion  the  information  given  in  the  Directors'  Report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the  Financial 
Statements are prepared is consistent with the Financial Statements. 

Keith Fulton (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of Chapman Davis LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors 
London, United Kingdom 
10 May 2017 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

Revenue 

Share based payments 
Administrative costs 
Total administrative costs 

Operating (loss) 

Realised gain on disposal of AFS investments 
Unrealised gain on market value movement of AFS investments 
Impairment provision on AFS investments 
Provision on associate loan 
Share of (loss) of associate 
(Loss) before tax 

Taxation 
(Loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the company 

Notes 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

2 

- 

- 

- 
(332) 
(332) 

(60) 
(206) 
(266) 

2, 3 

(332) 

(266) 

5 

7 

5 

17 
45 
(150) 
(152) 
(122) 
(694) 

- 
(694) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(82) 
(348) 

- 
(348) 

(Loss) per Share  
Basic and diluted (loss) per share (pence) 

6 

(0.07) 

(0.05) 

There are no other recognised gains or losses for the year. 

The Accounting Policies and Notes on form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 

ASSETS 

Notes 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

2015 
£000 

Non-Current Assets 
Investment in Associate 
Available for Sale Investments 

Current Assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total Assets 

LIABILITIES 

Current Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total Liabilities 

Net Assets 

EQUITY 

Equity Attributable to Equity Holders  
of the Company 

Share capital 
Share premium account 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total Equity 

2016 
£000 

155 
915 

1,074 
221 

7 
8 

9 
10 

277 
750 

901 
317 

1,070 

1,295 

2,365 

11 

(38) 

(38) 

(38) 

2,327 

1,027 

1,218 

2,245 

(38) 

2,207 

13 

15,223 
32,205 
160 
(45,261) 

15,188 
31,426 
160 
(44,567) 

2,327 

2,207 

These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 10 May 2017. 

Donald Strang 
Director 

Alastair Clayton 
Director 

The Accounting Policies and Notes on form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 

Retained 
earnings 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

Total 
attributable 
to owners 
of parent 
£000 

Balance at 31 December 2014 

15,188 

31,432 

100 

(44,219) 

2,501 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
 for the year  
Share options issued 
Share Issue costs 
Transactions with owners of the company 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
(6) 
(6) 

- 
- 

60 
- 
60 

(348) 
(348) 

(348) 
(348) 

- 
- 
- 

60 
(6) 
54 

Balance at 31 December 2015 

15,188 

31,426 

160 

(44,567) 

2,207 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
 for the year  
Shares issued 
Share Issue costs 
Transactions with owners of the company 

- 
- 

35 
- 
35 

- 
- 

835 
(56) 
779 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

(694) 
(694) 

- 
- 
- 

(694) 
(694) 

870 
(56) 
814 

Balance at 31 December 2016 

15,223 

32,205 

160 

(45,261) 

2,327 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

Operating Loss 
Adjustments for: 
Share based payment charge 
Change in trade and other receivables 
Change in trade and other payables 
Taxation (paid) 

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 
Loan advanced to associate 
Loan advanced to related party 
Net payment for available for sale investments 
Net Cash used in Investing Activities 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 
Proceeds from share issues 
Share issue costs 
Net Cash in generated from Financing Activities 

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of period  

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of period 

- 
24 
- 
- 

(60) 
(289) 
(253) 

870 
(56) 

2016 
£000 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

2015 
£000 

(266) 

251 
(15) 

(332) 

24 
(308) 

60 
217 
(26) 
- 

(87) 
(179) 
- 

(602) 

(266) 

- 
(6) 

(6) 

(287) 

604 

317 

814 

(96) 

317 

221 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

1.  Accounting Policies 

Basis of Preparation 

Primorus Investments Plc is a company incorporated in the United Kingdom. The Company's shares are listed 
on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange, and on the NEX Exchange Growth Market as operated by 
NEX Exchange Limited (“NEX”).  On 5 December 2016, the Company changed its name from Stellar Resources 
Plc to Primorus Investments Plc by way of a statutory notice of change filed at Companies House. 

The  Financial  Statements  are  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2016  and  have  been  prepared  under  the 
historical cost convention and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by 
the EU ("adopted IFRS").  These Financial Statements (the "Financial Statements") have been prepared and 
approved by the Directors on 10 May 2017 and signed on their behalf by Donald Strang and Alastair Clayton. 

The  accounting  policies  have  been  applied  consistently  throughout  the  preparation  of  these  Financial 
Statements,  and  the  financial  report  is  presented  in  Pound  Sterling  (£)  and  all  values  are  rounded  to  the 
nearest thousand pounds (£‘000) unless otherwise stated. 

Investing Policy 
The Company’s investing policy is to acquire a diverse portfolio of direct and indirect interests in exploration 
and producing projects and assets in the natural resources sector in addition to acquisition(s) in the leisure, 
corporate services, consultancy and brand licensing sectors. The Company will consider possible opportunities 
anywhere in the world. 

The Directors have considerable experience investing, both in structuring and executing deals and in raising 
funds.  The  Directors  will  use  this  experience  to  identify  and  investigate  investment  opportunities,  and  to 
negotiate acquisitions. Wherever necessary the Company will engage suitably qualified technical personnel to 
carry out specialist due diligence prior to making an acquisition or an investment. 

The  Company  may  invest  by  way  of  outright  acquisition  or  by  the  acquisition  of  assets,  including  the 
intellectual property, of a relevant business, or by entering into partnerships or joint venture arrangements. 
Such investments may result in the Company acquiring the whole or part of a company or project (which in 
the case of an investment in a company may be private or listed on a stock exchange, and which may be pre-
revenue), and such investments may constitute a minority stake in the company or project in question. 

The  Company  may  be  both  an  active  and  a  passive  investor  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  individual 
investments in its portfolio. Although the Company intends to be a long-term investor, the Directors will place 
no minimum or maximum limit on the length of time that any investment may be held. 

The  Directors  may  offer  new  Ordinary  Shares  by  way  of  consideration  as  well  as  cash,  thereby  helping  to 
preserve the Company’s cash for working capital and as a reserve against unforeseen contingencies including 
by way of example, and without limitation, delays in collecting accounts receivable, unexpected changes in 
the  economic  environment  and  unforeseen  operational  problems.  The  Company  may  in  appropriate 
circumstances issue debt securities or otherwise borrow money to complete an investment. The Directors do 
not  intend  to  acquire  any  cross-holdings  in  other  corporate  entities  that  have  an  interest  in  the  Ordinary 
Shares. 

There  are  no  restrictions  in  the  type  of  investment  that  the  Company  might  make  nor  on  the  type  of 
opportunity that may be considered other than set out in this Investing policy. 

In addition, the Directors may consider from time to time other means of facilitating returns to Shareholders 
including dividends, share repurchases, demergers, and schemes of arrangements or liquidation. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Going Concern 
The  Directors  noted  the  losses  that  the  Company  has  made  for  the  Year  Ended  31  December  2016.    The 
Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 May 2018 which take account of the 
current cost and operational structure of the Company.  

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the 
event that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate 
within its available funding. 

These forecasts demonstrate that the Company has sufficient cash funds available to allow it to continue in 
business  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  these  financial  statements. 
Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

It is the prime responsibility of the Board to ensure the Company remains a going concern. At 31 December 
2016 the Company had cash and cash equivalents of £221,000 and no borrowings. The Company has minimal 
contractual expenditure commitments and the Board considers the present funds sufficient to maintain the 
working capital of the Company for a period of at least 12 months from the date of signing the Annual Report 
and Financial Statements. For these reasons the Directors adopt the going concern basis in the preparation 
of the Financial Statements. 

New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Company 

No  new  and/or  revised  Standards  and  Interpretations  have  been  required  to  be  adopted,  and/or  are 
applicable in the current year by/to the Company, as standards, amendments and interpretations which are 
effective for the financial year beginning on 1 January 2016 are not material to the Company. 

New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and Interpretations which 
have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective for the year 
presented:  

- IFRS 9 in respect of Financial Instruments which will be effective for the accounting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2018.  

- IFRS 15 in respect of Revenue from Contracts with Customers which will be effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2018.  

- IFRS 16 in respect of Leases which will be effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 
2019.  

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a 
material impact on the Company. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Sources of Estimation and Key Judgements 

The  preparation  of  the  Financial  Statements  requires  the  Company  to  make  estimates,  judgements  and 
assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses  and  related 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Directors base their estimates on historic experience and 
various  other  assumptions  that  they  believe  are reasonable  under  the  circumstances,  the  results  of  which 
form the basis of making judgements about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily 
apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or 
conditions. 

Revenue 

Revenue is measured by reference to the fair value of consideration received or receivable by the Company 
for services provided, excluding VAT and trade discounts.  Revenue is credited to the Income Statement in the 
period it is deemed to be earned. 

Finance Income and Costs 

Finance income and costs are reported on an accruals basis. 

Taxation 

Current tax is the tax currently payable based on taxable profit for the year. 

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences.  Deferred tax is 
generally provided on the difference between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  
However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of goodwill, nor on the initial recognition of 
an asset or liability unless the related transaction is a business combination or affects tax or accounting profit.  
Deferred tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries and joint ventures is not provided 
if reversal of these temporary differences can be controlled by the Company and it is probable that reversal 
will not occur in the foreseeable future.  In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other 
income tax credits to the Company are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets. 

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full,  with no discounting.  Deferred tax assets are recognised to the 
extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against 
future  taxable  income.    Current  and  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  calculated  at  tax  rates  that  are 
expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided they are enacted or substantively enacted 
at the balance sheet date. 

Changes  in  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  are  recognised  as  a  component  of  tax  expense  in  the  income 
statement, except where they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the 
related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Foreign Currencies 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. 
Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  the  rates  of  exchange  ruling  at  the 
balance  sheet  date.  Non-monetary  items  that  are  measured  at  historical  cost  in  a  foreign  currency  are 
translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair 
value  in  a  foreign  currency  are  translated  using  the  exchange  rates  at  the  date  when  the  fair  value  was 
determined. Any exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary 
items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded are recognised in the profit or loss in 
the  period  in  which  they  arise.    Exchange  differences  on  non-monetary  items  are  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive income to the extent that they relate to a gain or loss on that non-monetary item taken to 
other comprehensive income, otherwise such gains and losses are recognised in the income statement. 

The Company's functional currency and presentational currency is Sterling. 

Equity 

Equity comprises the following: 

• 
• 

• 

• 

"Share capital" representing the nominal value of equity shares. 
"Share  premium"  representing  the  excess  over  nominal  value  of  the  fair  value  of  consideration 
received for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue. 
“Share based payment reserve” represents the value of equity benefits provided to employees and 
directors  as  part  of  their  remuneration  and  provided  to  consultants  and  advisors  hired  by  the 
Company from time to time as part of the consideration paid. 
"Retained earnings" representing retained profits. 

Investment in associates  

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor 
an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating 
policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies. The investment in an 
associate is initially recognised at cost and adjusted for the Company’s share of in the net assets of the investee 
after the date of acquisition, and for any impairment in value (equity method), except when the investment 
is  classified  as  held-for-sale  in  accordance  with  IFRS  5  Non-current  assets  held-for-sale  and  discontinued 
operations. If the Company’s share of losses of an associate exceed the cost of the investment in the associate, 
from that point the Company discontinues recognising its share of further losses.  

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Financial Assets 

Financial assets are divided into the following categories:  loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial 
assets.    Financial  assets  are  assigned  to  the  different  categories  by  management  on  initial  recognition, 
depending on the purpose for which they were acquired, and are recognised when the Company becomes 
party  to  contractual  arrangements.  Both  loans  and  receivables  and  available  for  sale  financial  assets  are 
initially recorded at fair value. 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market.  Trade, most other receivables and cash and cash equivalents fall into this category 
of financial assets. Loans and receivables are measured subsequent to initial recognition at amortised cost 
using  the  effective  interest  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.    Any  change  in  their  value  through 
impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the income statement. 

Provision against trade receivables is made when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be 
able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables.  The amount 
of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value 
of estimated future cash flows. 

A financial asset is derecognised only where the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or 
the financial asset is transferred and that transfer qualifies for derecognition.  A financial asset is transferred 
if the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the asset have been transferred or the Company retains 
the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the 
cash flows to one or more recipients.  A financial asset that is transferred qualifies for derecognition if the 
Company transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, or if the Company neither 
retains  nor  transfers  substantially  all the  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership but  does  transfer  control  of  that 
asset.  

Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated to this category 
or do not qualify for inclusion in any of the other categories of financial assets. The Company’s available-for-
sale financial assets include unlisted securities. These available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair 
value. Gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and reported within the available-for-
sale  reserve  within  equity,  except  for  impairment  losses  and  foreign  exchange  differences,  which  are 
recognised in profit or loss. When the asset is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, the cumulative 
gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from the equity reserve to profit or loss 
and presented as a reclassification adjustment within other comprehensive income. Interest calculated using 
the effective interest method and dividends are recognised in profit or loss within finance income 

Financial Liabilities 

Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial assets and are recognised when the Company 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.   

All financial liabilities initially recognised at fair value less transaction costs and thereafter carried at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method, with interest-related charges recognised as an expense in finance 
cost in the income statement.  A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, 
that is, when the obligation is discharged or cancelled or expires. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  on  hand  and  demand  deposits,  together  with  other  short-term, 
highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an 
insignificant risk of changes in value. 

Share-Based Payments  

The Company operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans, under which the entity 
receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Company.  The fair 
value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense.  
The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: 

including any market performance conditions; 

• 
•  excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (for example, 
profitability or sales growth targets, or remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time 
period; and 
including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example, the requirement for employees to 
save). 

• 

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to 
vest.  The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified 
vesting conditions are to be satisfied.   

In  addition,  in  some  circumstances,  employees  may  provide  services  in  advance  of  the  grant  date,  and 
therefore the grant-date fair value is estimated for the purposes of recognising the expense during the period 
between service commencement period and grant date. 

At the end of each reporting period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected 
to  vest  based  on  the  non-market  vesting  conditions.    It  recognises  the  impact  of  the  revision  to  original 
estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. 

  When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares.  The proceeds received, net of any directly 

attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. 

The grant by the Company of options over its equity instruments to the employees of subsidiary undertakings 
in the Group is treated as a capital contribution.  The fair value of employee services received, measured by 
reference to the grant date fair value, is recognised over the vesting period as an increase in investment in 
subsidiary undertakings, with a corresponding credit to equity in the parent entity accounts. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

2.  Segment Reporting 

The  Company  is  now  operating  as  a  single  UK  based  segment  with  a  single  primary  activity  to  invest  in 
businesses so as to generate a return for the shareholders.  The revenue from this segment, generated from 
management services in the UK, was £nil (2015 - £nil). The non-current assets of the segment is £1,070,000 
(2015 - £1,027,000). 

3.  Operating Activities and Auditor’s Remuneration 

Included within results from operating activities are the following: 

Operating lease rentals - land and buildings 
Auditor's remuneration: 
  Audit services: 
  - Company statutory audit 
  Non-audit services: 
  - Taxation compliance 

4. 

Information Regarding Directors and Employees 

Employment costs, including Directors, during the year: 

Wages and salaries 
Share based payments 

Average number of persons, including Directors employed 

Administration 

Directors’ remuneration 

Emoluments 

Number of Directors in money purchase pension schemes 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

23 

10 

- 

36 

13 

- 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

72 
- 
72 

No. 

3 
3 

40 
60 
100 

No. 

2 
2 

£000 

£000 

72 

No. 

- 

100 

No. 

- 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

4. 

Information Regarding Directors and Employees (continued) 

Emoluments of the Individual Directors 

2016 
A Clayton 
J Taylor Firth  
D Strang 

2015 
A Clayton (*1) 
J Taylor Firth (*1) 
D Strang 
E. Priestly (*1) 

Fees and 
salaries 

Share based 
payments 

£000 
24 
24 
24 
72 

£000 
2 
2 
36 
- 
40 

£000 
- 
- 
- 
- 

£000 
20 
20 
20 
- 
60 

Total 

£000 
24 
24 
24 
72 

£000 
22 
22 
56 
- 
100 

Directors’ interest in share options is set out in note 14. 

(*1)  –  These  Directors  were  either  appointed  or  resigned  during  the  relevant  year,  and  thus  were  not 
remunerated for a full year’s service as applicable. Details of appointment and resignation dates are disclosed 
in the Directors’ report. 

Key Management Personnel 

The key management personnel are considered to be the Directors.  There remuneration is included in note 4 
above.  

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

5. 

Income Tax (Credit)/Expense 

The relationship between the expected tax (credit)/expense based on the effective tax rate of the Company 
at  20% (2015 – 20/21%)  and the  tax (credit)/expense  actually  recognised  in  the  income  statement  can be 
reconciled as follows: 

Loss for the year before tax 
Tax rate 
Expected tax credit 

Differences between capital allowances and depreciation 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Actual tax expense 

Deferred Tax 

2016 
£000 

(694) 
20% 
(139) 

- 
51 
88 

- 

2015 
£000 

(348) 
20/21% 
(70) 

- 
28 
42 

- 

The amount of approximate unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset is recognised in the statement 
of financial position is £1,382,000 (2015 - £1,067,000).  

6.  Loss per Share 

2016 

Loss after tax 
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Weighted 
average 
No. of shares 

Basic per share 
amount  

(pence) 

£000 

(694) 
(694) 

Weighted average number of shares 

1,052,549,167 

Total basic and diluted loss per share 

2015 

Loss after tax 
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders 

£000 

(348) 
(348) 

Weighted average number of shares 

762,549,167 

Total basic and diluted loss per share 

(0.07) 

(0.07) 

(pence) 

(0.05) 

(0.05) 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

7. 

Investment in associate  

Investment in associate 

Carrying amount at 1 January  
Share of associate loss 
Carrying amount at 31 December 

2016 
£000 

155 

2016 
£’000 

277 
(122) 
155 

2015 
£000 

277 

2015 
£’000 

359 
(82) 
277 

The Company's share of results of its associate, which is unlisted, and its aggregated assets and liabilities, 
is as follows: 

Name 

Country of 
incorporation 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Revenues 

Profit/(Loss) 

As at  
5 April 2016 

Year to  
5 April 2016 

% interest 
held 

Gold Mines of 
Wales Limited 
(Group) 

Jersey 

£115,000 

£28,000 

Nil 

(£249,000) 

49 

Gold Mines of Wales Limited's year end is 5 April. 

8.  Available for Sale Investments 

Investment in listed and unlisted securities 
Valuation at beginning of the period 
Additions at cost 
Disposal proceeds 
Gains on disposals 
Gain on Market value revaluation 
Impairment in value of unlisted investment 
Valuation at the end of the period 

The available for sale investments splits are as below: 
Non-current assets – listed 
Non-current assets – unlisted 

2016 
£000 
750 
291 
(37) 
16 
45 
(150) 
915 

135 
780 
915 

2015 
£000 
750 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
750 

- 
750 
750 

The  Directors  have  reviewed  the  carrying  value  of  the  unlisted  investments,  and  have  considered  an 
impairment  of  £150,000  against  the  Company’s  investment  in  Boletus  Resources Ltd has  been  deemed 
appropriate on the basis that Boletus’s potential projects are not deemed commercially viable. 

Available-for-sale  investments  comprise  investments  in listed  and unlisted  which  if listed  are  traded  on 
stock markets throughout the world, and are held by the Company as a mix of strategic and short term 
investments. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

9.  Trade and Other Receivables 

Current trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Due from associate undertaking 
Due from related party (see note 16) 
Prepayments and accrued income 

2016 
£000 

- 
11 
400 
658 
5 
1,074 

2015 
£000 

- 
18 
422 
369 
92 
901 

The Directors have considered that a provision of £152,000 against the total loan of £552,000 due from its 
associate, Gold Mines of Wales Ltd is appropriate under the current economic climate. 

The  directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  trade  and  other  receivables  approximates  to  their  fair 
value. 

10.  Cash at Bank and Cash Equivalents 

Cash at Bank  

11.  Trade and Other Payables 

Current trade other payables 

Trade payables 
Taxation and social security 
Accruals and deferred income 

2016 
£000 

221 

2016 
£000 

16 
3 
19 
38 

2015 
£000 

317 

2015 
£000 

12 
3 
23 
38 

All amounts are short term and the carrying values are considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair 
value. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

12.  Risk Management Objectives and Policies 

Financial assets by category 

The categories of financial asset included in the balance sheet and the headings in which they are included are 
as follows: 

Current assets 

Loans and receivables 
Cash 

Financial Liabilities by Category 

2016 
£000 

1,074 
221 
1,295 

2015 
£000 

901 
317 
1,218 

The categories of financial liability included in the balance sheet and the headings in which they are included 
are as follows: 

Current liabilities 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 

38 

38 

The Company is exposed to market risk through its use of financial instruments and specifically to credit risk, 
and liquidity risk which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Company's risk management 
is coordinated at its headquarters, in close co-operation with the board of Directors, and focuses on actively 
securing the Company's short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure to financial markets. 
Long  term  financial  investments  are  managed  to  generate  lasting  returns.  The  Company  does not  actively 
engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant 
financial risks to which the Company is exposed to are described below. 

Interest rate sensitivity 

The Company is not substantially exposed to interest rate sensitivity, other than in relation to interest bearing 
bank accounts. 

Credit risk analysis 

The Company's exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of trade receivables. The Company 
continuously  monitors  defaults  of  customers  and  other  counterparties,  identified  either  individually  or  by 
Company, and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. Where available at reasonable cost, 
external  credit  ratings  and/or  reports  on  customers  and  other  counterparties  are  obtained  and  used. 
Company's  policy  is  to  deal  only  with  creditworthy  counterparties.  Company  management  considers  that 
trade receivables that are not impaired for each of the reporting dates under review are of good credit quality, 
including those that are past due. 

None of the Company's financial assets are secured by collateral or other credit enhancements. 

The  credit  risk  for  liquid  funds  and  other  short-term  financial  assets  is  considered  negligible,  since  the 
counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

12.  Risk Management Objectives and Policies (continued) 

Liquidity risk analysis 

The Company’s continued future operations depend on the ability to raise sufficient working capital through 
the issue of equity share capital. The Directors are confident that adequate funding will be forthcoming with 
which to finance operations. Controls over expenditure are carefully managed. 

Capital Management Policies 

The Company's capital management objectives are: 

• 
• 

to ensure the Company's ability to continue as a going concern; and 
to provide a return to shareholders 

The Company monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents. 

13.  Share Capital 

Allotted, issued and fully paid 

1,110,549,167 ordinary shares of 0.01p each  
(2015 – 762,549,167 of 0.01p each) 
28,976,581 deferred shares of 45p each (2015 – 28,976,581) 
28,976,581 A deferred shares of 4p each (2015- 28,976,581) 
92,230,985 B deferred shares of 0.99p each (2015- 92,230,985) 

2016 
£000 

2015 
£000 

111 

76 

13,040 
1,159 
913 
15,223 

13,040 
1,159 
913 
15,188 

The deferred shares and the A and B deferred shares do not carry voting rights. 

Ordinary shares of 0.01p each 

As at 31 December 2014 and as at 31 December 2015 

1 March 2016 – Placing for cash at 0.25p per share 
2 March 2016 – Placing for cash at 0.25p per share 

As at 31 December 2016 

Ordinary 
Shares 
Number 

Nominal 
Value 
£’000 

762,549,167 

308,000,000 
40,000,000 

1,110,549,167 

76 

31 
4 

111 

Details of the share options and warrants the Company has in issue are disclosed in Note 14. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

14.  Share-based payments 

Details of share options and warrants granted to Directors, employees & consultants, over the ordinary shares 
are as follows: 

At 
1 January 
2016 
No. 

Issued 
during  
the year 
No. 

Exercised 
or 
expired 
during  
the year 
No. 

At 
31 December 
2016 
No. 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
  exercisable 

£ 

Expiry 
date 

Share options 
D. Strang 
D. Strang 
A Clayton 
J Taylor-Firth 
Consultants 

Warrants 
Various 

10,000,000 
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
10,000,000 
56,000,000 

4,075,000 
4,075,000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

10,000,000 
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
10,000,000 
56,000,000 

4,075,000 
4,075,000 

0.004  14/11/2013  14/11/2023 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.004  14/11/2013  14/11/2023 

0.004  29/10/2013  14/11/2018 

The share price range during the year was £0.0014 to £0.0030 (2015 - £0.004 to £0.0017). 

The share based payment charge in the year was £nil (2015 - £60,000). 

The weighted average values of options are as follows: 

Weighted average exercise price of options granted 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercisable at the  
end of the year 
Weighted average option life remaining 

2015 

0.30p 

0.30p 
5 years 

For those options granted where IFRS 2 "Share-Based Payment" is applicable, the fair values were calculated 
using the Black-Scholes model.  The inputs into the model were as follows: 

Risk free rate 

Share price 
volatility 

Expected life 

Share price 
at date of 
grant 

30 November 2015 

1.10% 

111.1% 

5.09 years 

£0.0022 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company's share price for 12 
months  prior  to  the  date  of  grant.    The  expected  life  used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on 
management's  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions  and  behavioural 
considerations. 

The  Company  recognised  total  expenses  of  £nil  (2015:  £60,000)  relating  to  equity-settled  share-based 
payment transactions during the year, and £nil was transferred via equity to retained earnings on the exercise 
of nil options (2015: nil options) during the year (2015: £nil).  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (CONTINUED) 

15.  Capital Commitments 

The directors have confirmed that there were no contingent liabilities or capital commitments which should 
be disclosed at 31 December 2016. No provision has been made in the financial statements for any amounts 
in relation to any capital expenditure requirements of the Company’s associate or investments, and such costs 
are expected to be fulfilled in the normal course of the operations of the Company. 

16.  Related Party Transactions 

The Company had the following amounts outstanding from its investee companies (Note 9) at 31 December: 

Horse Hill Development Ltd (“Horse Hill”) 

2016 
£’000 
658 

2015 
£’000 
369 

The above loan outstanding is included within trade and other receivables, Note 9.  The loan to Horse Hill has 
been made in accordance with the terms of the investment agreement whereby it accrues interest daily at 
the Bank of England base rate and is repayable out of future cashflows.   

Key Management Personnel 

The key management personnel are considered to be the Directors.  There remuneration is included in note 4 
to the accounts.  

17.  Events after the end of the  reporting period  

On 3 March 2017, the Company announced it had raised £237,000 by way of a placing of 158 million new 
ordinary shares of 0.01 pence each at aprice of 0.15 pence per share. 

18.  Ultimate Controlling Party 

There is not considered to be an ultimate controlling party of the company. 

31