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Primoris Services

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FY2017 Annual Report · Primoris Services
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Company Registration Number 3740688 

PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC  

REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 

31 DECEMBER 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CONTENTS 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

REPORT OF THE AUDITOR 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Page 
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6 

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15 

16 

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18 

19 

 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT 

I am pleased to present the Chairman's Statement and Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2017. 

Overview 

Primorus Investments plc (“Primorus”) has a strong balance sheet with no debt and with current assets (including 
cash of £561,000) as at 31 December 2017 amounting to £1,286,000. (2016: £1,295,000) 

It has been a successful year for the Company with the addition of several new investments as detailed below in 
Investments.  2017  was  dominated  by  portfolio  acquisition,  consolidation  and  rationalisation  through  the 
participation  in  our  first  secondary  funding  rounds  and  the  sale  of  our  legacy  stake  in  GMOW  and  the  strong 
growth seen at Engage Technology and Fresho. 

Highlights for the year were as follows: 

•  HHDL received planning permission for the Extended Flow Test of the HH-1 oil discovery; 

•  Engage Technology platform expanded significantly and appointed Microsoft UK Cloud Services Director 

as non-executive Director; 

• 

Sale of entire stake in Gold Mines of Wales for 83,333,333 shares in Alba Mineral Resources plc; 

•  Participation in a successful A$4m second round investment in Fresho Pty Ltd at a 40% premium to first 

round; 

• 

Second round investment in WeShop at a 20% premium to first round. Platform usage grows markedly 
since  second-round investment,  with  registered  users  surging  76%  in  Q1 2018  to  150,000  and  unique 
users topped 1m for the first time. 

•  Appointment of TPI Limited as exclusive Company Broker;  

•  Directors purchased 97m ordinary shares in the Company via on-market purchases; 

• 

Successfully raised approximately GBP£3.4m during the period through the issue of approximately 1.7 
billion Primorus shares at placing prices of 0.15p and 0.20p per share; 

•  A post year end sale of  5% stake in HHDL for consideration of £1m; and 

•  A further investment post year end in Engage of £500,000. 

Significant progress has also been made elsewhere in our portfolio and we look forward to providing updates as 
key news develops at TruSpine, Sport80, FOMO Money, Nomad Energy, SOA, Farina and StreamTV.  

We regularly meet the CEOs and management of companies which are seeking funds to further their businesses. 
It is notable the comments we receive on the perceived difficulty in securing funding outside of the VC/VCT and 
private equity universe. Several companies pointed out to us that there is simply a dearth of investors able to 
participate directly in pre-IPO and private funding rounds and that VC/VCT funding terms are onerous to the point 
of being unattractive.  

It  is  important  for  shareholders  to  understand  that  whilst  we  do  everything  possible  to  support  our  existing 
investments because it is in our interest to do so, we do not have a direct effect on the exact timing of any given 
IPO and or  trade  sale.  We do  however  maintain regular  dialogue  with the  companies in  question and use  the 
Board’s extensive experience in public markets to make a value judgement on when and if a transaction may occur.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT – CONTINUED 

Thus, these timings may change over time as the facts change but we will update shareholders as material changes 
occur. 

Recently we have seen sustained core investment progress, portfolio rebalancing and more clarity on the likely 
timing of several of our investments towards IPO. Going forward we hope to receive material news from several 
of our investments as they commence the formal IPO process. 

Investments 

Horse Hill Developments Limited 

The Company currently owns a 5% direct interest in Horse Hill Developments Limited (“HHDL”), which is a special 
purpose company that owns a 65% participating interest and operatorship of Licence PEDL137 and the adjacent 
Licence PEDL246 in the UK Weald Basin. 

As announced on 28 February 2018, the Company disposed of half of its original 10% stake in HHDL for a total 
consideration of £1m. This sale was designed to increase existing cash reserves, rebalance the portfolio make-up 
and reduce the expected cash calls resulting from the soon-to-commence 90 day extended flow test (“EWT”) of 
the HH-1 discovery well. As a result of this transaction, Primorus retains a 5% direct shareholding in HHDL. We 
remain optimistic that the EWT will return substantial flow-rates. 

As reported in March 2016, the final total aggregate stable dry oil flow rate from two Kimmeridge limestones plus 
the overlying Portland sandstone in HH-1 stands at 1,688 barrels of oil per day ("bopd"), a UK record for an onshore 
discovery well. Over the 30 to 90 hour flow periods from each of the 3 zones in HH-1, no clear indication of any 
reservoir pressure depletion was observed.  

The  carrying value  of  this  investment remains  unchanged  however  the  Board looks  forward  with  considerable 
interest to the upcoming long-term extended flow test programme in 2018 and its likely potential impact on our 
investment value going forward. 

SOA Energy  

SOA Energy (“SOA”) is an oil exploration and development company with prospects in the Dead Sea region of 
Israel. Primorus participated in a private funding round by purchasing 14,977 shares at £6.67 per share. SOA is 
currently seeking a significant funding package to further their development plans. We are encouraged by funding 
progress made by SOA and we expect a funding deal to be completed soon.  

Fresho Pty Ltd 

Fresho  Pty  Ltd  (”Fresho”),  a  company  in  which  Primorus  holds  an  investment  of  approximately  £250,000, 
representing approximately 3.1% of Fresho's issued share capital, is positioning itself as a leading Australian B2B 
company  servicing  the  restaurant  and  food  service  industries.  By  aggregating  and  streamlining  the  food order 
process via Fresho's unique cloud-based platform, both customers and suppliers are able to make savings in time, 
money and wastage and also generate powerful reporting and business data analytics.  

We continued to be impressed by the team at Fresho. We met management in Melbourne in October 2017 and 
were not only pleased with the business performance to date but also by the financial interest generated in Fresho 
which enabled them to raise A$4m in what we understand to have been a keenly sought-after funding round.  

Pleasingly  the  Fresho  platform  continues  to  perform  strongly  with  order  volumes  and  customers  numbers  in 
Australia and now New Zealand growing strongly. Fresho maintains a strong cash balance and it is anticipated that 
it should get to a breakeven basis, including R&D spend, sometime in the second half of 2018. Whilst much of the 
data regarding Fresho is now “commercial in confidence”, the Board of Primorus believes the Fresho platform is 
exceeding our expectations. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

 CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT – CONTINUED 

Nomad Energy 

Nomad  Energy  is  a  private  oil  and  gas  exploration  and  development  company  primarily  focussed  on 
commercialising existing gas reserves in shallow offshore waters off the Ivory Coast. Nomad Energy is currently 
attempting to negotiate a gas sales agreement with local utilities for the supply of gas to existing and proposed 
power stations in the country. Primorus owns 40,000 shares at the last investor round price of US$7.50 per share.  

We have been informed that negotiations over off-take pricing for its domestic gas project are moving forward, 
albeit more slowly than first anticipated. Completing this off-take is the final step in allowing Nomad to monetise 
the asset with its partner VITOL and thereby potential providing a good return on our investment. We will keep 
shareholders up to date as these matters progress. 

TruSpine Technologies Limited 

Primorus  invested  £500,000  in  TruSpine  Technologies  Limited  (“Truspine”)  on  a  pre-new  money  valuation  of 
£15m.  Founded in December 2014, TruSpine secured intellectual property and subsequently developed the Faci-
LOK and Cervi-FAS minimally invasive spine stabilisation devices, and the VOSC Catheter atherosclerosis treatment 
product  'VOSC  Catheter'.  This  development  is  on-going  and  TruSpine  is  targeting  FDA  clearance  and 
commercialisation of its first product, the Faci-LOK with a view to an AIM IPO.  We have been informed TruSpine will 
require further funding to complete this. We understand TruSpine is in negotiations with a funder at the current time to 
provide all the funding required. 

Importantly, TruSpine has appointed Mr Simon Stephens as its new interim CEO. Most recently, Simon has held the 
position of Research Director for London Valve Therapies, where he was responsible for the provision of a new 
service  for  the  analysis  of  CT/Echocardiography  scans  for  bleeding  edge  transcathether  cardiac  interventions 
mainly  for  Mitral  Valve/Left  Ventricular  procedures.  He  is  also  a  Research  Fellow  at  the  Royal  Brompton  & 
Harefield  NHS  Foundation  Trust.  In  a  previous  role  as  CTO  for  Hometrack,  he  was  responsible  for  developing 
software technologies that resulted in the company being sold in 2017 for £120m. In addition to Mr Stephens, 
Professor Abdallah Raweh has joined the medical advisory board.  He is a professor of Cardiology who was trained 
in Italy, the UK and US, and who now operates internationally. 

We view the appointment of Mr Stephens and Professor Raweh as key steps in helping to secure the remaining 
funding required to complete the FDA fast-track approvals process and build a credible Board in advance of an 
IPO.  We  look  forward  to  updating  shareholders  in  the  near  future  as  to  the  progress  of  the  aforementioned 
TruSpine funding, as that is key to unlocking the FDA fast-track and IPO processes. 

Sport:80 plc 

Primorus  invested  £100,000  in  Sport:80  plc  (“Sport:80”)  on  a  pre-new  money  valuation  of  £10m  as  part  of  a 
fundraising  of  up  to  £1m.  Sport:80  is  a  technology  and  management  company with a  proprietary  cloud-based 
platform focused on transforming the business operations and management of sports organisations. The Sport:80 
platform  is  used  by  20  prominent  sports  organisations.  Sport:80  is  revenue-generating  with  four-fold  revenue 
growth per annum since 2014.  It is the intention of Sport:80 to pursue an AIM IPO. 

Sport:80 remains on track to formally commence the IPO process soon with our best estimate suggesting a likely 
Q3 2018 listing subject to financing and regulatory approvals. We view Sport:80 as a strong IPO candidate and 
subject to available funds, we may participate in any IPO funding round. 

Farina Investments (UK) Limited 

Primorus  invested  £100,000  in  Farina  Investments  (UK)  Limited  (“Farina”)  on  a  pre-new  money  valuation  of 
£4m.  Farina is a boutique corporate finance and asset management company which specialises in leveraging profit 
opportunity in the post-crisis financial landscape.  Farina has been carefully structured and strategically placed to 
fully capitalise on these opportunities, thereby optimising capital growth, profitability and returns for both the 
company  and  investors. Farina  is  currently  exploring  various  UK  listing  opportunities  either  via  IPO  or  reverse 
takeover.  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

 CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT – CONTINUED 

Engage Technology Partners Limited  

The Company initially invested £400,000 in Engage Technology Partners Limited ("Engage") on a pre-new money 
valuation of £15m as part of a fully subscribed £5.25m funding round.  Founded in 2013, Engage builds software 
to assist with finding, hiring, compliance and paying of the rapidly growing contingent workforce in the UK. Engage 
has developed and is now selling a unique, fully integrated SaaS platform servicing the HR industry surrounding 
the contingent workforce in the UK.   

Engage  has  developed,  and  is  now  selling,  access  to  a  unique,  fully-integrated  SaaS  platform  servicing  the  HR 
industry surrounding the contingent workforce in the UK.  In recent shareholder updates we have been informed 
that the platform has already reached £1m of Annual Recurring Revenue (”ARR”).  

This is significant because from this ARR figure we believe that top-line revenues and underlying EBITDA for the 
Engage platform may grow exponentially as customers are on-boarded and the product becomes fully self-serve 
from a customer point of view. The underlying attraction of SaaS platforms is their ability to scale rapidly as a 
result of a low cost of service base to generate very high EBITDA margins as a result. 

We believe testimony to this potential is the appointment of Mr Paul Bolt as a non-executive director at Engage. 
Paul is UK Cloud Services Director at Microsoft. Microsoft have allowed Paul to take on the non-executive role at 
Engage  whilst  retaining  his  current  post  as  UK  Cloud  Services  Director  allowing  him  to  foster  and  mentor 
potentially globally scalable SaaS platforms. 

We have been informed that Engage continues to be courted by a large number of VC funds in the UK and US but 
is  considering  maintaining  its  independence  via  a  further  capital  raise  during  2018.  On  13  March  2018,  the 
Company  announced  that  it  had  invested  a  further  £500,000  in  Engage  at  £22  per  share  and  now  held 
approximately 3.6% of the issued share capital of Engage. 

As  flagged  in  our  announcement  of  13  March  2018,  we  remain  optimistic  regarding  Engage  as  an  investment 
because of the rapid pace of uptake of the product from UK corporates. It is also noteworthy that Engage has 
begun discussions with City brokers regarding a potential IPO in 2019. The Company is hoping to invest further in 
Engage in the coming Quarter should the opportunity arise.  

WeShop Limited 

Primorus invested £200,000 in WeShop Limited ("WeShop") on a pre-new money valuation of £25m in September 
2017.  We invested a further £675,000 at a £30m valuation in November 2017. WeShop is a new way to shop 
online and earn rewards. Users can browse millions of products from many top brands, discover which have been 
recommended by people known to them and earn rewards to withdraw as cash or donate to charity. 

WeShop allows the user to shop with friends to share ideas and gain inspiration, with everyone earning rewards. 
An AIM IPO is planned to take place during 2018.  

Stream TV 
Primorus invested US$200,000 on a fully-diluted valuation of US$336m. Stream TV is a Philadelphia-based new 
media  company  created  to  serve  a  consumer  market  seeking  enhanced  entertainment  and  communications 
experiences through devices with unlimited accessibility and superior quality.  Through its wholly-owned research 
subsidiary, SeeCubic B.V., Stream TV has developed breakthrough glasses-free 3D display technology launched 
under the trade name Ultra-D. Stream TV is on the cusp of commercially launching, via license, a range of TV, 
tablet and smartphone glasses-less 3D screens in 2018.  

Recently Stream TV has added to their product plan 8K displays which produce effects approaching hologram-like 
quality as new prototypes used by prospective customers. They announced joint cooperation with Beijing Optical 
and Electric (“BOE”) to commercialise its Ultra-D Glasses-Free 3D technology in its next generation 8K panels. 
Further licensed products will follow including laptops, PCs, gaming, medical, and automotive. Stream TV desires 
to IPO in the near future.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S REPORT INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC REPORT – CONTINUED 

Gold Mines of Wales 

In December 2017, the Company sold its entire 49% stake in Gold Mines of Wales (“GMOW”) for circa 83m shares 
in Alba Mineral Resources PLC (“Alba”). We see this as an attractive outcome for shareholders as we retain some 
exposure to the project via the consequent 3.6% shareholding in Alba and by definition increase our exposure to 
HHDL in which Alba is a 18.1% shareholder. Furthermore, the Alba stake is inherently more liquid than our previous 
direct stake in GMOW. 

Financial Results 

The operating loss for the year was £703,000 (2016 - £420,000 loss). The net loss after tax was £947,000 (2016: 
£694,000). The increase in the net loss is due to share based payments expense during the year of £311,000 (2016: 
nil) and loss on disposal of GMOW of £199,000 (2016:nil). 

Current assets including cash at 31 December 2017 amounted to £1,286,000 (2016: £1,295,000). 

Outlook 

2017 was dominated by portfolio acquisition, consolidation and rationalisation through the participation in our 
first secondary funding rounds and the sale of our legacy stake in  GMOW and the exceptional growth seen at 
Engage Technology and Fresho. 

The Board remains confident that the private and pre-IPO markets remain significantly under-served and as such 
significant opportunities exist for the Company going forward. We look forward to 2018 being one in which we 
can demonstrate our business model by exiting some more of our investment positions, thereby realising tangible 
value for all shareholders. 

As evidenced by the above, Primorus has had a busy end to 2017 and start to 2018. We successfully completed 
the  first  two  second-round  investments  and  are  confident  a  number  of  our  investments  are  making  material 
progress towards either IPO or trade sale. Furthermore, I am pleased that all Directors have made significant on-
market purchases of Company stock which demonstrates to investors that the Board are committed and aligned 
to shareholders and to generating share price-based outcomes in the future for the benefit of all.  

We will continue to seek out further investments in line with the Company’s investing strategy. 

The directors would like to take this opportunity to thank our shareholders, staff and consultants for their continued 
support. 

Jeremy Taylor-Firth 
Chairman 
18 May 2018 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors  

Secretary 

Registered Office:  

J Taylor-Firth (Non-executive Chairman) 
A Clayton (Executive director) 
D Strang (Non-executive director) 

D Strang 

Suite 3B,  
38 Jermyn Street,  
London,  
SW1Y 6DN  

Company Registration Number:  

03740688 

Country of Incorporation:  

United Kingdom 

Nominated Adviser 

Broker 

Auditor 

Bankers 

Solicitors 

Registrars 

Cairn Financial Advisers LLP 
Cheyne House, Crown Court 
62-63 Cheapside 
London 
EC2V 6AX 

Turner Pope Investments (TPI) Ltd 
6th Floor, Becket House 
36 Old Jewry 
London 
EC2R 8DD 

Chapman Davis LLP 
2 Chapel Court 
London 
SE1 1HH 

Barclays Bank plc 
Corporate Banking  
One Churchill Place 
London 
E14 5HP 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London 
EC2A 2EW 

Share Registrars Limited 
Suite E, First Floor 
9 Lion and Lamb Yard 
Farnham, Surrey  
GU9 7LL 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

INFORMATION ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

Jeremy Taylor-Firth, Non-Executive Chairman 

Jeremy  has  20  years  of  experience  in  investment  management.  In  June  2006  he  joined  Singer  &  Friedlander 
Investment Management as an Investment Director. This business was then acquired by Williams de Broe where 
he  worked  until  October  2010.  Jeremy  is  currently  an  Investment  Manager  with  Hanson  Asset  Management, 
where he has worked for the last 4 years. 

Alastair Clayton, Executive Director 

Alastair  has  over  20  years’  experience  in  identifying,  financing  and  developing  mineral,  energy  and  materials 
processing projects in Australia, Europe and Africa. A qualified geologist, Alastair also has a Graduate Diploma in 
Finance  and  Economics  and  maintains  a  broad  network  of  Equity  Provider  and  Private  Equity  relationships  in 
Europe, Africa and the US. 

Donald Strang, Non-Executive Director 

Donald is a member of the Australian Institute of Chartered Accountants and has been in business  for over 20 
years,  holding  senior  financial  and  management  positions  in  both  publicly  listed  and  private  enterprises  in 
Australia, Europe and Africa. He has considerable corporate and international expertise and over the past decade 
has focussed on mining and exploration activities. He is currently a director of various AIM companies. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

The Directors present their annual report and the audited Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 
2017. 

Principal Activities 
Primorus Investments plc is an investing company with a focus to acquire a diverse portfolio of direct and indirect 
interests  in  exploration  and  producing  projects  and  assets  in  the  natural  resources  sector  in  addition  to 
acquisitions in the leisure, corporate services, consultancy and brand licensing sectors. The Company will consider 
possible opportunities anywhere in the world. 

Results 
The results for the year are set out on page 15 and are stated in UK sterling.  The Company made a loss after 
taxation of £947,000 (2016 - loss of £694,000). The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend (2016 - 
Nil).  

Review of the Business & Future Developments 
A  review  of  the  business  for  the  year,  and  future  developments  are  set  out  in  the  Chairman’s  Statement 
(incorporating the Strategic Report) on pages 1 to 5. 

Key Performance Indicators 
Due to the current status of the Company, the Board has not identified any performance indicators as key. 

Going Concern 
The Directors note the losses that the Company has made for the year ended 31 December 2017.  The Directors 
have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 May 2019 which take account of the current cost and 
operational structure of the Company.  

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the event 
that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate within its 
available funding. 

These  forecasts  demonstrate  that  the  Company  has  sufficient  cash  funds  available  to  allow  it  to  continue  in 
business  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  these  financial  statements.  
Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

Events After the Reporting Period 
Events After the Reporting Period are outlined in Note 17 to the Financial Statements. 

Directors’ Remuneration and interests 
The  Company  remunerates  the  Directors  at  a  level  commensurate  with  the  size  of  the  Company  and  the 
experience of its Directors. The Remuneration Committee has reviewed the Directors’ remuneration and believes 
it  upholds  the  objectives  of  the  Company  with  regard  to  this  issue.  Details  of  the  Directors’  emoluments  and 
payments made for professional services rendered are set out in note 4 to the Financial Statements. 

All the directors below served during throughout the period unless otherwise stated; 

Jeremy Taylor-Firth 
Alastair Clayton  
Donald Strang  

Each of the directors at the date of this report hold fully vested options over ordinary shares. Jeremy Taylor-Firth 
holds 87 million options, Alastair Clayton holds 162 million options and Donald Strang holds 97 million options 
(total  options  held  by  directors  is  346  million).  The  option  details  are  disclosed  in  Note  14  to  the  financial 
statements. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

Substantial Shareholding 

As at 1 May 2018, the Company had been notified of the following substantial shareholdings in the ordinary share 
capital, over 3%; 

JIM Nominees Limited 
Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited 
Interactive Investor Services Nominees Limited 
Share Nominees Limited 
HSDL Nominees Limited 
Lawshare Nominees Limited 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) Limited 

Corporate Governance 

Number of ordinary shares 
878,838,190  
251,153,506  
132,735,860  
129,526,019  
121,060,456  
111,316,651  
111,095,085  
100,994,016  

% 
31.43% 
8.98% 
4.75% 
4.63% 
4.33% 
3.98% 
3.97% 
3.61% 

Audit and Remuneration Committees have been established.  The Audit Committee comprises Donald Strang and 
Jeremy Taylor-Firth, chaired by Jeremy Taylor-Firth. The Remuneration Committee comprises Donald Strang and 
Alastair Clayton, chaired by Donald Strang. 

The Audit Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board on the appointment of the auditors 
and the audit fee, and receives and reviews reports from management and the Company’s auditors on the internal 
control systems in use throughout the Company and its accounting policies. 

The role of the Remuneration Committee is to review the performance of the executive Directors and to set the 
scale  and structure  of  their  remuneration, including  bonus  arrangements.    The  Remuneration Committee  also 
administers  and  establishes  performance  targets  for  the  Company’s  employee  share  schemes  and  executive 
incentive  schemes  for  key  management.    In  exercising  this  role,  the  terms  of  reference  of  the  Remuneration 
Committee require it to comply with the Code of Best Practice published in the Combined Code. 

Suppliers’ Payment Policy 

It is the Company's policy to agree appropriate terms and conditions for its transactions with suppliers by means 
ranging from standard terms and conditions to individually negotiated contracts and to pay suppliers according to 
agreed terms and conditions, provided that the supplier meets those terms and conditions. The Company does 
not have a standard or code dealing specifically with the payment of suppliers. 

Trade payables at the year end all relate to sundry administrative overheads and disclosure of the number of days 
purchases represented by year end payables is therefore not meaningful. 

Charitable Contributions 

During the year the Company made charitable donations amounting to Nil (2016- Nil). 

Directors' Indemnities 

In accordance with the Companies (Audit Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, which came into 
force on 6 April 2005, the Company has indemnified the Directors against liability to third parties, and undertaken 
to pay Directors' legal costs as incurred, provided that they are reimbursed to the Company if the individual  is 
convicted. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company involve the ability to raise funding in order to finance the 
acquisition and exploitation of mining opportunities and the exposure to fluctuating commodity prices. 

In  addition,  the  amount  and  quality  of  minerals  available  and  the  related  costs  of  extraction  and  production 
represent a significant risk to the Company. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

The Company’s principal financial instruments are available for sale assets, trade receivables, trade payables and 
cash at bank. The main purpose of these financial instruments are to fund the Company's operations. 

It  is,  and  has  been  throughout  the  period  under  review,  the  Company’s  policy  that  no  trading  in  financial 
instruments shall be undertaken. The main risk arising from the Company’s financial instruments is liquidity risk. 
The board reviews and agrees policies for managing this risk and this is summarised below. 

Liquidity risk 

The Company's objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of 
equity and its cash resources. Further details of this are provided in the principal accounting policies, headed 'going 
concern' and in note 12 to the financial statements. 

Auditors 

Chapman  Davis  LLP  offer  themselves  for  re-appointment  as  auditor  in  accordance  with  Section  489  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Annual General Meeting 

Notice of the forthcoming Annual General Meeting will be enclosed separately. 

By Order of the Board 

Donald Strang 
Director 
18 May 2018 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Financial Statements for each financial year.  Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the Financial Statements under IFRS as adopted by the EU and applicable law.  
The Financial Statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company 
and company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. 

In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departure 
disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements; and 

•  prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume that 

the Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy 
at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

In so far as each of the Directors are aware: 

• 
• 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware; and 
the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included  on  the  company's  website.    Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of Financial Statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

REPORT OF THE AUDITOR 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

OPINION 

We have audited the financial statements of Primorus Investments Plc (the ‘Company’) for the year ended 31 December 
2017 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, the statement of financial position, the statement of 
changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant 
accounting policies. 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  company  financial  statements  is 
applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion: 

•  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2017 and 

of the Company’s loss for the year then ended; 

•  the Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 

European Union; 

•  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

BASIS FOR OPINION 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and  applicable law.  
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the 
financial  statements  section  of  our  report.    We  are  independent  of  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical 
requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard 
as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these 
requirements.  We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING CONCERN 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to 
you where: 

•  the  directors’  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  not 

appropriate; or 

•  the  directors  have  not  disclosed  in  the  financial  statements  any  identified  material  uncertainties  that  may  cast 
significant doubt about the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period 
of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

KEY AUDIT MATTERS 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial report of the current period.  These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial report 
as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  We have 
determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

CARRYING VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE INVESTMENTS 

The Company’s Available for Sale Investment assets (‘AFS assets’) represent the most significant asset on its statement 
of financial position totalling £3.8m as at 31 December 2017, of which unlisted investments represented £3.3m of the 
total AFS assets. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC - CONTINUED 

CARRYING VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE INVESTMENTS 

The  carrying  value  of  AFS  assets  represents  significant  assets  of  the  company  and  assessing  whether  facts  or 
circumstances exist to suggest that impairment indicators were present, and if present, whether the carrying amount 
of these asset may exceed its recoverable amount was considered key to the audit.  This assessment involves significant 
judgement applied by management to the Company’s unlisted investments. 

We considered it necessary to assess whether facts and circumstances existed to suggest that impairment indicators 
were present, and if present, whether the carrying amount of these assets may exceed its recoverable amount. 

How the Matter was addressed in the Audit 

The procedures included, but were not limited to, assessing and evaluating management's assessment of whether any 
impairment indicators have been identified across the Company’s AFS assets, the indicators being: 

•  Expiring, or imminently expiring, rights to licences or assets held by the investee Companies 
•  A lack of flow of information in regards to the investee companies exploration activities and/or production, trading 

or strategic advancement. 

•  Discontinuation of, or a plan to discontinue, exploration activities in the areas, or cessation or delays in trading of 

interest by the Investee Companies. 

•  Sufficient data exists to suggest carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely be recovered in full 

through successful development or sale by the Investee Companies. 

•  Updates on trading activities by Investee Companies. 
We also reviewed Stock Exchange RNS announcements and Board meeting minutes for the year and subsequent to year 
end  for  activity  to  identify  any  indicators  of  impairment.We  also  assessed  the  disclosures  included  in  the  financial 
statements and our results found the carrying value for AFS assets to be acceptable. 

The materiality level for the financial statements as a whole was set at £75,000 , being 1.5% of Net Assets, with a lower 
materiality level set at £50,000 for the Company`s AFS assets. 

OTHER INFORMATION 

The Directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the information included in 
the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we 
do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing 
so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge 
obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  If we identify such material inconsistencies or 
apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the 
financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information.  If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  We 
have nothing to report in this regard. 

OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

•  the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial 

statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

•  the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 

requirements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC – CONTINUED 

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the Directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us 
to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 

received from branches not visited by us; or 

•  the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
•  certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS 

As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibilities statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of 
the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the 
Directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  that  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting  unless  the  Directors  either  intend  to  liquidate  the  Company  or  to  cease  operations,  or  have  no  realistic 
alternative but to do so. 

AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

This  report  is  made  solely  to  the  Company’s  members,  as  a  body,  in  accordance  with  Chapter  3  of  Part  16  of  the 
Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as 
a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion.  
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) or ISA IAASB will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could 
reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting 
Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Rowan Palmer 
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of Chapman Davis LLP, Statutory Auditor 
London 
Chapman Davis LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number 
OC306037). 

18 May 2018 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Revenue 
Realised gain on disposal of AFS investments 
Unrealised gain on market value movement of AFS investments 
Total gains on AFS investments 

Impairment provision on AFS investments 
Share based payments 
Administrative costs 

Operating (loss) 

Provision on associate loan 
Share of (loss) of associate 
Net (loss) on disposal of associate 
(Loss) before tax 

Taxation 
(Loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the company 

Notes 

2017 
£000 

2016 
£000 

2 
2 

3 

7 
7 

5 

12 
29 
41 

- 
(311) 
(433) 

17 
45 
62 

(150) 
- 
(332) 

(703) 

(420) 

- 
(45) 
(199) 
(947) 

- 
(947) 

(152) 
(122) 
- 
(694) 

- 
(694) 

(Loss) per Share  
Basic and diluted (loss) per share (pence) 

6 

(0.05) 

(0.07) 

There are no other recognised gains or losses for the year. 

The Accounting Policies and Notes form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

ASSETS 

Notes 

Non-Current Assets 
Investment in Associate 
Available for Sale Investments 

Current Assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total Assets 

LIABILITIES 

Current Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total Liabilities 

Net Assets 

EQUITY 

Equity Attributable to Equity Holders  
of the Company 

Share capital 
Share premium account 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total Equity 

2017 
£000 

- 
3,761 

725 
561 

7 
8 

9 
10 

2017 
£000 

2016 
£000 

2016 
£000 

155 
915 

3,761 

1,070 

1,074 
221 

1,286 

5,047 

11 

(97) 

(38) 

(97) 

4,950 

1,295 

2,365 

(38) 

2,327 

13 

15,391 
35,296 
471 
(46,208) 

15,223 
32,205 
160 
(45,261) 

4,950 

2,327 

These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 18 May 2018. 

Donald Strang 
Director 

Alastair Clayton 
Director 

The Accounting Policies and Notes form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 

Retained 
earnings 

£000 

£000 

£000 

£000 

Total 
attributable 
to owners 
of the 
Company 
£000 

Balance at 31 December 2015 

15,188 

31,426 

160 

(44,567) 

2,207 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
 for the year  
Shares issued 
Share Issue costs 
Transactions with owners of the company 

- 
- 

35 
- 
35 

- 
- 

835 
(56) 
779 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

(694) 
(694) 

- 
- 
- 

(694) 
(694) 

870 
(56) 
814 

Balance at 31 December 2016 

15,223 

32,205 

160 

(45,261) 

2,327 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
 for the year  
Shares issued 
Share Issue costs 
Share options issued 
Transactions with owners of the company 

- 
- 

168 
- 
- 
168 

- 
- 

3,219 
(128) 
- 
3,091 

- 
- 

- 
- 
311 
311 

(947) 
(947) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

(947) 
(947) 

3,387 
(128) 
311 
3,570 

Balance at 31 December 2017 

15,391 

35,296 

471 

(46,208) 

4,950 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

Operating Loss 
Adjustments for: 
Share based payment charge 
Change in trade and other receivables 
Change in trade and other payables 
Change in AFS Investments 
Taxation (paid) 

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 
Loan advanced to associate 
Loan advanced to related party 
Net Cash used in Investing Activities 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 
Proceeds from share issues 
Share issue costs 
Net Cash in generated from Financing Activities 

Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of period  

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of period 

2016 
£000 

(420) 

(141) 
(561) 

2017 
£000 

2017 
£000 

2016 
£000 

(703) 

(2,186) 
(2,889) 

- 
24 
- 
(165) 
- 

(60) 
(289) 

311 
(26) 
59 
(2,530) 
- 

(5) 
(25) 

3,387 
(128) 

(30) 

(349) 

870 
(56) 

3,259 

340 

221 

561 

814 

(96) 

317 

221 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

1.  Accounting Policies 

  Basis of Preparation 

Primorus Investments Plc is a company incorporated in the United Kingdom. The Company's shares are listed 
on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange, and on the NEX Exchange Growth Market as operated by 
NEX Exchange Limited (“NEX”).  

The  Financial  Statements  are  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2017  and  have  been  prepared  under  the 
historical cost convention and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by 
the EU ("adopted IFRS").  These Financial Statements (the "Financial Statements") have been prepared and 
approved by the Directors on 18 May 2018 and signed on their behalf by Donald Strang and Alastair Clayton. 

The  accounting  policies  have  been  applied  consistently  throughout  the  preparation  of  these  Financial 
Statements, and the financial report is presented in Pound Sterling (£) and all values are rounded to the nearest 
thousand pounds (£‘000) unless otherwise stated. 

Investing Policy 
The Company’s investing policy is to acquire a diverse portfolio of direct and indirect interests in exploration 
and producing projects and assets in the natural resources sector in addition to acquisition(s) in the leisure, 
corporate services, consultancy and brand licensing sectors. The Company will consider possible opportunities 
anywhere in the world. 

The Directors have considerable experience investing, both in structuring and executing deals and in raising 
funds.  The  Directors  will  use  this  experience  to  identify  and  investigate  investment  opportunities,  and  to 
negotiate acquisitions. Wherever necessary the Company will engage suitably qualified technical personnel to 
carry out specialist due diligence prior to making an acquisition or an investment. 

The Company may invest by way of outright acquisition or by the acquisition of assets, including the intellectual 
property,  of  a  relevant  business,  or  by  entering  into  partnerships  or  joint  venture  arrangements.  Such 
investments may result in the Company acquiring the whole or part of a company or project (which in the case 
of an investment in a company may be private or listed on a stock exchange, and which may be pre-revenue), 
and such investments may constitute a minority stake in the company or project in question. 

The  Company  may  be  both  an  active  and  a  passive  investor  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  individual 
investments in its portfolio. Although the Company intends to be a long-term investor, the Directors will place 
no minimum or maximum limit on the length of time that any investment may be held. 

The  Directors  may  offer  new  Ordinary  Shares  by  way  of  consideration  as  well  as  cash,  thereby  helping  to 
preserve the Company’s cash for working capital and as a reserve against unforeseen contingencies including 
by way of example, and without limitation, delays in collecting accounts receivable, unexpected changes in the 
economic environment and unforeseen operational problems. The Company may in appropriate circumstances 
issue debt securities or otherwise borrow money to complete an investment. The Directors do not intend to 
acquire any cross-holdings in other corporate entities that have an interest in the Ordinary Shares. 

There  are  no  restrictions  in  the  type  of  investment  that  the  Company  might  make  nor  on  the  type  of 
opportunity that may be considered other than set out in this Investing policy. 

In addition, the Directors may consider from time to time other means of facilitating returns to Shareholders 
including dividends, share repurchases, demergers, and schemes of arrangements or liquidation. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Going Concern 
The  Directors  noted  the  losses  that  the  Company  has  made  for  the  Year  Ended  31  December  2017.    The 
Directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for the period ending 31 May 2019 which take account of the 
current cost and operational structure of the Company.  

The cost structure of the Company comprises a high proportion of discretionary spend and therefore in the 
event that cash flows become constrained, costs can be quickly reduced to enable the Company to operate 
within its available funding. 

These forecasts demonstrate that the Company has sufficient cash funds available to allow it to continue in 
business  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  these  financial  statements. 
Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

It is the prime responsibility of the Board to ensure the Company remains a going concern. At 31 December 
2017 the Company had cash and cash equivalents of £561,000 and no borrowings. The Company has minimal 
contractual expenditure commitments and the Board considers the present funds sufficient to maintain the 
working capital of the Company for a period of at least 12 months from the date of signing the Annual Report 
and Financial Statements. For these reasons the Directors adopt the going concern basis in the preparation of 
the Financial Statements. 

New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the Company 

No new and/or revised Standards and Interpretations have been required to be adopted, and/or are applicable 
in the current year by/to the Company, as standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for 
the financial year beginning on 1 January 2017 are not material to the Company. 

New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and Interpretations which 
have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective for the year 
presented:  

- IFRS 9 in respect of Financial Instruments which will be effective for the accounting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2018.  

- IFRS 15 in respect of Revenue from Contracts with Customers which will be effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after 1 January 2018.  

- IFRS 16 in respect of Leases which will be effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 
2019.  

- IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (effective date 1 January 2021). 

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a 
material impact on the Company. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Sources of Estimation and Key Judgements 

The  preparation  of  the  Financial  Statements  requires  the  Company  to  make  estimates,  judgements  and 
assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses  and  related 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Directors base their estimates on historic experience and 
various other assumptions that they believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form 
the basis of making judgements about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent 
from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. 

Revenue 

Revenue is measured by reference to the fair value of consideration received or receivable by the Company for 
services provided, excluding VAT and trade discounts.  Revenue is credited to the Income Statement in the 
period it is deemed to be earned. 

Finance Income and Costs 

Finance income and costs are reported on an accruals basis. 

Taxation 

Current tax is the tax currently payable based on taxable profit for the year. 

Deferred  income  taxes  are calculated  using  the  liability  method on temporary  differences.    Deferred  tax is 
generally provided on the difference between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  
However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of goodwill, nor on the initial recognition of an 
asset or liability unless the related transaction is a business combination or affects tax or accounting profit.  
Deferred tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries and joint ventures is not provided 
if reversal of these temporary differences can be controlled by the Company and it is probable that reversal 
will not occur in the foreseeable future.  In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other 
income tax credits to the Company are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets. 

Deferred  tax liabilities  are  provided in  full, with  no  discounting.    Deferred  tax assets  are  recognised  to  the 
extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against 
future  taxable  income.    Current  and  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  calculated  at  tax  rates  that  are 
expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided they are enacted or substantively enacted 
at the balance sheet date. 

Changes  in  deferred  tax  assets  or  liabilities  are  recognised  as  a  component  of  tax  expense  in  the  income 
statement, except where they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the 
related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Foreign Currencies 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. 
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance 
sheet date. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the 
exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign 
currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Any exchange 
differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different 
from those at which they were initially recorded are recognised in the profit or loss in the period in which they 
arise.    Exchange  differences on  non-monetary  items  are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  to  the 
extent that they relate to a gain or loss on that non-monetary item taken to other comprehensive income, 
otherwise such gains and losses are recognised in the income statement. 

The Company's functional currency and presentational currency is Sterling. 

Equity 

Equity comprises the following: 
•  "Share capital" representing the nominal value of equity shares. 
•  "Share premium" representing the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for 

equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue. 

•  “Share  based  payment  reserve”  represents  the  value  of  equity  benefits  provided  to  employees  and 
directors as part of their remuneration and provided to consultants and advisors hired by the Company 
from time to time as part of the consideration paid. 

•  "Retained earnings" representing retained profits. 

Investment in associates  

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor 
an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating 
policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control over those policies. The investment in an 
associate is initially recognised at cost and adjusted for the Company’s share of in the net assets of the investee 
after the date of acquisition, and for any impairment in value (equity method), except when the investment is 
classified  as  held-for-sale  in  accordance  with  IFRS  5  Non-current  assets  held-for-sale  and  discontinued 
operations. If the Company’s share of losses of an associate exceed the cost of the investment in the associate, 
from that point the Company discontinues recognising its share of further losses.  

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Financial Assets 

Financial assets are divided into the following categories:  loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial 
assets.    Financial  assets  are  assigned  to  the  different  categories  by  management  on  initial  recognition, 
depending on the purpose for which they were acquired, and are recognised when the Company becomes 
party to contractual arrangements. Both loans and receivables and available for sale financial assets are initially 
recorded at fair value. 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market.  Trade, most other receivables and cash and cash equivalents fall into this category 
of  financial  assets.  Loans  and  receivables  are  measured  subsequent  to  initial recognition at  amortised  cost 
using  the  effective  interest  method,  less  provision  for  impairment.    Any  change  in  their  value  through 
impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the income statement. 

Provision against trade receivables is made when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able 
to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables.  The amount of the 
write-down  is  determined  as  the  difference  between  the  asset's  carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of 
estimated future cash flows. 

A financial asset is derecognised only where the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or 
the financial asset is transferred and that transfer qualifies for derecognition.  A financial asset is transferred if 
the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the asset have been transferred or the Company retains the 
contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the asset but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash 
flows to one or more recipients.  A financial asset that is transferred qualifies for derecognition if the Company 
transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, or if the Company neither retains 
nor transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership but does transfer control of that asset.  

Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated to this category 
or do not qualify for inclusion in any of the other categories of financial assets. The Company’s available-for-
sale financial assets include unlisted securities. These available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair 
value. Gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and reported within the available-for-
sale  reserve  within  equity,  except  for  impairment  losses  and  foreign  exchange  differences,  which  are 
recognised in profit or loss. When the asset is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, the cumulative gain 
or loss recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from the equity reserve to profit or loss and 
presented as a reclassification adjustment within other comprehensive income. Interest calculated using the 
effective interest method and dividends are recognised in profit or loss within finance income 

Financial Liabilities 

Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial assets and are recognised when the Company 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.   

All financial liabilities initially recognised at fair value less transaction costs and thereafter carried at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method, with interest-related charges recognised as an expense in finance cost 
in the income statement.  A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is, 
when the obligation is discharged or cancelled or expires. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

1.  Accounting Policies (continued) 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, together with other short-term, highly 
liquid  investments  that  are  readily  convertible  into  known  amounts  of  cash  and  which  are  subject  to  an 
insignificant risk of changes in value. 

Share-Based Payments  

The Company operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans, under which the entity 
receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Company.  The fair 
value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense.  
The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted: 
• 
•  excluding  the  impact  of  any  service  and  non-market  performance  vesting  conditions  (for  example, 
profitability or sales growth targets, or remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period; 
and 
including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example, the requirement for employees to save). 

including any market performance conditions; 

• 

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to 
vest.  The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified 
vesting conditions are to be satisfied.   

In  addition,  in  some  circumstances,  employees  may  provide  services  in  advance  of  the  grant  date,  and 
therefore the grant-date fair value is estimated for the purposes of recognising the expense during the period 
between service commencement period and grant date. 

At the end of each reporting period, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected 
to  vest  based  on  the  non-market  vesting  conditions.    It  recognises  the  impact  of  the  revision  to  original 
estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. 

When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares.  The proceeds received, net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

2.  Segment Reporting 

The  Company  is  now  operating  as  a  single  UK  based  segment  with  a  single  primary  activity  to  invest  in 
businesses so as to generate a return for the shareholders.  The revenue from this segment, generated from 
sale of investments, was £12,000 (2016 - £17,000). The non-current assets of the segment is £3,761,000 (2016 
- £1,070,000). 

3.  Operating Activities and Auditor’s Remuneration 

Included within results from operating activities are the following: 

2017 
£000 

2016 
£000 

  Operating lease rentals - land and buildings 

Auditor's remuneration: 
  Audit services: 
  - Company statutory audit 
  Non-audit services: 
  - Taxation compliance 

4. 

Information Regarding Directors and Employees 

Employment costs, including Directors, during the year: 

Wages and salaries 
Share based payments 

Average number of persons, including Directors employed 

Administration 

Directors’ remuneration 

Emoluments 

10 

10 

- 

2017 
£000 

190 
311 
501 

No. 

4 
4 

£000 

489 

23 

10 

- 

2016 
£000 

72 
- 
72 

No. 

3 
3 

£000 

72 

The Company operates only the basic pension plan required under UK legislation, contributions thereto 
during the year amounted to £15. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

4. 

Information Regarding Directors and Employees (continued) 

Emoluments of the Individual Directors 

2017 
A Clayton 
J Taylor Firth  
D Strang 

2016 
A Clayton 
J Taylor Firth  
D Strang 

Fees and 
salaries 

£000 
112 
42 
24 
178 

£000 
24 
24 
24 
72 

Share based 
payments 
(non-cash) 
£000 
156 
- 
155 
311 

£000 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Total 

£000 
268 
42 
179 
489 

£000 
24 
24 
24 
72 

Directors’ interest in share options is set out in note 14. 

Key Management Personnel 

The key management personnel are considered to be the Directors.  There remuneration is included in note 4 
above.  

5. 

Income Tax (Credit)/Expense 

The relationship between the expected tax (credit)/expense based on the effective tax rate of the Company 
at  19/20%  (2016  –  20%)  and the  tax (credit)/expense  actually  recognised  in  the  income  statement  can be 
reconciled as follows: 

Loss for the year before tax 
Tax rate 
Expected tax credit 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Actual tax expense 

Deferred Tax 

2017 
£000 

(947) 
19/20% 
(182) 

68 
114 

- 

2016 
£000 

(694) 
20% 
(139) 

51 
88 

- 

The amount of approximate unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset is recognised in the statement 
of financial position is £1,973,000 (2016 - £1,382,000).  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

6.  Loss per Share 

2017 

Loss after tax 
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Weighted 
average 
No. of shares 

Basic per share 
amount  

(pence) 

£000 

(947) 
(947) 

Weighted average number of shares 

1,743,253,998 

Total basic and diluted loss per share 

2016 

Loss after tax 
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders 

£000 

(694) 
(694) 

Weighted average number of shares 

1,052,549,167 

Total basic and diluted loss per share 

7. 

Investment in associate  

Investment in associate 

Carrying amount at 1 January  
Share of associate loss 
Value at disposal of associate 
Carrying amount at 31 December 

2017 
£000 

- 

2017 
£’000 

155 
(45) 
(110) 
- 

(0.05) 

(0.05) 

(pence) 

(0.07) 

(0.07) 

2016 
£000 

155 

2016 
£’000 

277 
(122) 
- 
155 

On  1  December 2017,  the Company  completed  the  sale  of  its  entire 49%  interest  in  Gold  Mines  of  Wales 
Limited to Alba Mineral Resources PLC ("Alba") for a total consideration of 83,333,333 shares in Alba. Alba's 
closing  share  price  on  December  1  2017  was  0.38p,  these  shares  had  a  market  value  of  approximately 
£316,667 and will represent 3.6% of the so enlarged issued capital in Alba. These shares are subject to a six 
month orderly market agreement and were issued immediately upon completion of the sale. 

Disposal of Associate 

Sale Proceeds 
Value of loan to associate satisfied on disposal 
Value of associate at disposal 
(Loss) on disposal of associate 

£’000 

316 
(405) 
(110) 
(199) 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

8.  Available for Sale Investments 

Investment in listed and unlisted securities 

  Valuation at beginning of the period 
  Additions at cost 
  Disposal proceeds 
  Gains on disposals 
  Gain on Market value revaluation 

Impairment in value of unlisted investment 

  Valuation at the end of the period 

The available for sale investments splits are as below: 

  Non-current assets – listed 
  Non-current assets – unlisted 

2017 
£000 
915 
3,052 
(247) 
12 
29 
- 
3,761 

466 
3,295 
3,761 

2016 
£000 
750 
291 
(37) 
16 
45 
(150) 
915 

135 
780 
915 

The  Directors  have  reviewed  the  carrying  value  of  the  unlisted  investments,  and  have  considered  no 
impairment is required in the current year to 31 December 2017. For the year ended 31 December 2016, an 
impairment  of  £150,000  against  the  Company’s  investment  in  Boletus  Resources  Ltd  has  been  deemed 
appropriate on the basis that Boletus’s potential projects are not deemed commercially viable. 

Available-for-sale investments comprise  both listed and unlisted investments. The listed investments are 
traded on stock markets throughout the world, and are held by the Company as a mix of strategic and short 
term investments. 

9.  Trade and Other Receivables 

Current trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Due from associate undertaking 
Due from related party (see note 16) 
Prepayments and accrued income 

2017 
£000 

- 
24 
- 
683 
18 
725 

2016 
£000 

- 
11 
400 
658 
5 
1,074 

The  directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  trade  and  other  receivables  approximates  to  their  fair 
value. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

10.  Cash at Bank and Cash Equivalents 

Cash at Bank  

11.  Trade and Other Payables 

Current trade other payables 

Trade payables 
Taxation and social security 
Accruals and deferred income 

2017 
£000 

561 

2017 
£000 

44 
13 
40 
97 

2016 
£000 

221 

2016 
£000 

16 
3 
19 
38 

All amounts are short term and the carrying values are considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair 
value. 

12.  Risk Management Objectives and Policies 

Financial assets by category 

The categories of financial asset included in the balance sheet and the headings in which they are included are 
as follows: 

Current assets 

Loans and receivables 
Cash 

Financial Liabilities by Category 

2017 
£000 

725 
561 
1,268 

2016 
£000 

1,074 
221 
1,295 

The categories of financial liability included in the balance sheet and the headings in which they are included 
are as follows: 

Current liabilities 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 

97 

38 

The Company is exposed to market risk through its use of financial instruments and specifically to credit risk, 
and liquidity risk which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Company's risk management 
is coordinated at its headquarters, in close co-operation with the board of Directors, and focuses on actively 
securing the Company's short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure to financial markets. 
Long  term  financial  investments  are  managed  to  generate  lasting  returns.  The  Company  does  not  actively 
engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant 
financial risks to which the Company is exposed to are described below. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

12.  Risk Management Objectives and Policies (continued) 

Interest rate sensitivity 

The Company is not substantially exposed to interest rate sensitivity, other than in relation to interest bearing 
bank accounts. 

Credit risk analysis 

The Company's exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of trade receivables. The Company 
continuously  monitors  defaults  of  customers  and  other  counterparties,  identified  either  individually  or  by 
Company, and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. Where available at reasonable cost, 
external  credit  ratings  and/or  reports  on  customers  and  other  counterparties  are  obtained  and  used. 
Company's  policy  is  to  deal  only  with  creditworthy  counterparties.  Company  management  considers  that 
trade receivables that are not impaired for each of the reporting dates under review are of good credit quality, 
including those that are past due. 

None of the Company's financial assets are secured by collateral or other credit enhancements. 

The  credit  risk  for  liquid  funds  and  other  short-term  financial  assets  is  considered  negligible,  since  the 
counterparties are reputable banks with high quality external credit ratings. 

Liquidity risk analysis 

The Company’s continued future operations depend on the ability to raise sufficient working capital through 
the issue of equity share capital. The Directors are confident that adequate funding will be forthcoming with 
which to finance operations. Controls over expenditure are carefully managed. 

Capital Management Policies 

The Company's capital management objectives are: 

• 
• 

to ensure the Company's ability to continue as a going concern; and 
to provide a return to shareholders 

The Company monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

13.  Share Capital 

Allotted, issued and fully paid 

2,796,619,344 ordinary shares of 0.01p each  
(2016 – 1,110,549,167of 0.01p each) 
28,976,581 deferred shares of 45p each (2016 – 28,976,581) 
28,976,581 A deferred shares of 4p each (2016- 28,976,581) 
92,230,985 B deferred shares of 0.99p each (2016- 92,230,985) 

The deferred shares and the A and B deferred shares do not carry voting rights. 

2017 
£000 

2016 
£000 

279 

111 

13,040 
1,159 
913 
15,391 

13,040 
1,159 
913 
15,223 

Ordinary 
Shares 
Number 

Nominal 
Value 
£’000 

Ordinary shares of 0.01p each 

As at 31 December 2015 

1 March 2016 – Placing for cash at 0.25p per share 
2 March 2016 – Placing for cash at 0.25p per share 

As at 31 December 2016 

2 March 2017 – Placing for cash at 0.15p per share 
7 July 2017 – Placing for cash at 0.15p per share 
2 August 2017 – Placing for cash at 0.15p per share 
23 November 2017 – Placing for cash at 0.20p per share 

As at 31 December 2017 

762,549,167 

308,000,000 
40,000,000 

1,110,549,167 

158,000,000 
333,333,334 
694,736,843 
500,000,000 

2,796,619,344 

76 

31 
4 

111 

16 
33 
69 
50 

279 

Details of the share options and warrants the Company has in issue are disclosed in Note 14. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

14.  Share-based payments 

Details of share options and warrants granted to Directors, employees & consultants, over the ordinary shares 
are as follows: 

At 
1 January 
2017 
No. 

Issued 
during  
the year 
No. 

Exercised 
or 
expired 
during  
the year 
No. 

At 
31 December 
2017 
No. 

Exercise 
price 

Date from 
which 
  exercisable 

£ 

Expiry 
date 

Share options 
D. Strang 
D. Strang 
A Clayton 
J Taylor-Firth 
Consultants 
D Strang 
A Clayton 

Warrants 
Various 

10,000,000 
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
10,000,000 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 
56,000,000  150,000,000 

4,075,000 
4,075,000 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

10,000,000 
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
12,000,000  
10,000,000 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 
206,000,000 

4,075,000 
4,075,000 

0.004  14/11/2013  14/11/2023 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.003  30/11/2015  31/12/2020 
0.004  14/11/2013  14/11/2023 
0.003  03/08/2017  03/08/2022 
0.003  03/08/2017  03/08/2022 

0.004  29/10/2013  14/11/2018 

The share price range during the year was £0.00075 to £0.0036 (2016 - £0.0014 to £0.0030). 

The weighted average values of options are as follows: 

Weighted average exercise price of options granted 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercisable at the  
end of the year 
Weighted average option life remaining 

2017 

0.30p 

2016 

- 

0.31p 
4.43 years 

0.33p 
5.03 years 

For those options granted where IFRS 2 "Share-Based Payment" is applicable, the fair values were calculated 
using the Black-Scholes model.  The inputs into the model were as follows: 

Risk free rate 

Share price 
volatility 

Expected life 

Share price 
at date of 
grant 

3 August 2017 

0.75% 

108.7% 

5.00 years 

£0.0027 

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company's share price for 12 
months  prior  to  the  date  of  grant.    The  expected  life  used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on 
management's  best  estimate,  for  the  effects  of  non-transferability,  exercise  restrictions  and  behavioural 
considerations. 

The  Company  recognised  total  expenses  of  £311,000  (2016:  £nil)  relating  to  equity-settled  share-based 
payment transactions during the year, and £nil was transferred via equity to retained earnings on the exercise 
of nil options (2016: nil options) during the year (2016: £nil).  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIMORUS INVESTMENTS PLC 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 (CONTINUED) 

15.  Capital Commitments 

The directors have confirmed that there were no contingent liabilities or capital commitments which should 
be disclosed at 31 December 2017. No provision has been made in the financial statements for any amounts 
in relation to any capital expenditure requirements of the Company’s associate or investments, and such costs 
are expected to be fulfilled in the normal course of the operations of the Company. 

16.  Related Party Transactions 

The Company had the following amounts outstanding from its investee companies (Note 9) at 31 December: 

Horse Hill Development Ltd (“Horse Hill”) 

2017 
£’000 
683 

2016 
£’000 
658 

The above loan outstanding is included within trade and other receivables, Note 9.  The loan to Horse Hill has 
been made in accordance with the terms of the investment agreement whereby it accrues interest daily at 
the Bank of England base rate and is repayable out of future cashflows.   

Key Management Personnel 

The key management personnel are considered to be the Directors.  There remuneration is included in note 4 
to the accounts.  

17.  Events after the end of the reporting period  

On  9  January  2018,  the  Company  announced  that  it  had  agreed to  grant  75  million  share  options  each  to 
Alastair Clayton and Jeremy Taylor-Firth ("New Options").  Each New Option will entitle the holder to subscribe 
for new ordinary shares of 0.01p each in the Company ("Shares") at an exercise price of 0.3 pence per Share 
and are exercisable at any time until 9 January 2025, which represented a premium of circa 67 per cent over 
the closing mid-price on 8 January 2018. 

On  9  March  2018,  the  Company  announced  it  had  completed  the  disposal  of  a  5%  interest  in  Horse  Hill 
Developments Limited for consideration of £1m in cash and publicly trading shares. 

On 13 March 2018, the Company announced it had invested a further £500,000 in an existing investment, 
Engage Technology Partners Limited. 

18.  Ultimate Controlling Party 

There is not considered to be an ultimate controlling party of the company. 

33