Priority
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ____________ to __________ Commission file number: 001-37872 Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2001 Westside Parkway Suite 155 47-4257046 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Alpharetta, Georgia (Address of principal executive offices) 30004 (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 952-2107 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.001 par value Trading symbol(s) PRTH Name of each exchange on which registered Nasdaq Capital Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," ''accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☒ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☒ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financials statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant's Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $69.9 million (based upon the closing sale price of the Common Stock on that date on The Nasdaq Capital Market). As of March 7, 2024, the number of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding was 75,792,939. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the Annual Meeting of shareholders of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., scheduled to be held on May 22, 2024, will be incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K. Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. intends to file such proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after its fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Table of Contents Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Terms Used in the Annual Report on Form 10-K Commonly Defined Terms Part I. Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 1C. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Item 5. Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Part II. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Item 15. Item 16. Part III. Part IV. Signatures Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Cybersecurity Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Reserved Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosure About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Page 1 3 5 16 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 38 39 49 92 92 93 94 94 94 94 94 95 97 98 Table of Contents Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements Some of the statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our management's expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, such as statements about our future financial performance, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "future," "goal," "intend," "likely," "may," "might," "plan," "possible," "potential," "predict," "project," "seek," "should," "would," "will," "approximately," "shall" and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements about: • • • • • • • • • • • negative economic and political conditions that adversely affect the general economy, consumer confidence and consumer and commercial spending habits, which may, among other things, negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations; competition in the payment processing industry; the use of distribution partners; any unauthorized disclosures of merchant or cardholder data, whether through breach of our computer systems, computer viruses or otherwise; any breakdowns in our processing systems; government regulation, including regulation of consumer information; the use of third-party vendors; any changes in card association and debit network fees or products; any failure to comply with the rules established by payment networks or standards established by third-party processors; any proposed acquisitions or dispositions or any risks associated with completed acquisitions or dispositions; and other risks and uncertainties set forth in the "Item 1A - Risk Factors" section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in deciding whether to invest in our securities. We cannot assure you that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions, including the risk factors set forth in the "Item 1A - Risk Factors" section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, that may cause our actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. In addition, statements that "we believe" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. 1 Table of Contents Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. Terms Used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires, references to the terms "Company," "Priority," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. 2 Table of Contents Term 2018 Plan 2021 Stock Purchase Plan ACH AML AOCI AP API APIC ASC ASU ATI B2B B2C BaaS BSA CARES Act CCPA CEO CFPB Common Stock Company Credit Agreement CRM Delayed Draw Term Loan Dodd-Frank Act EBITDA Electronic Payments EPS ESPP Exchange Act FASB FBO FCRA Federal Reserve Board FDIC FFIEC FI FIFO Commonly Used or Defined Terms Definition Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Automated clearing house Anti-money laundering Accumulated other comprehensive income Accounts payable Application program interface Additional paid-in capital Accounting Standards Codification Accounting Standards Update Adjusted taxable income Business-to-business Business-to-consumer Banking as a service Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended by the USA Patriot Act of 2001 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act California Consumer Protection Act The Company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau The Company's Common Stock, par value $.001 per share Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries Credit and Guaranty Agreement dated April 27, 2021, by and among the Loan Parties (as defined therein) and Truist Bank Customer relationship management Delayed draw term loan facility under the credit agreement Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization Payments with credit, debit and prepaid cards Earnings (loss) per share Employee stock purchase plan Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Financial Accounting Standards Board For the benefit of Fair Credit Reporting Act Governors of the Federal Reserve System Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Financial institution First in, first out 3 Table of Contents FinCEN Finxera FSOC GAAP Initial Term Loan IRA ISO ISV IT LIBOR LIFO LLC Nasdaq NCI OFAC Passport PHOT PIK POS PRET PRTH Redeemable NCI's ROU Asset RSU SaaS SAR SEC SMB SMS SOFR Tax Act TCPA Term Facility Total Net Leverage Ratio Truist TSP U.S. VARs Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Finxera Holdings, Inc. Financial Stability Oversight Council United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles A senior secured first lien term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $300,000,000 Inflation Reduction Act Independent sales organization Independent software vendors Information technology London Interbank Offered Rate Last in, first out Limited Liability Company National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations Non-controlling interests Office of Foreign Assets Control Priority Passport Priority Hospitality Technology, LLC a Delaware limited liability company Payment-in-kind Point-of-sale Priority Real Estate Technology, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company The Company's Nasdaq Capital Market trading symbol Redeemable non-controlling preferred equity interests Right of use asset Restricted stock units Software as a Service Stock appreciation rights United States Securities and Exchange Commission Small and medium-sized businesses Short message service Secured Overnight Financing Rate The Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008 Federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 $620.0 million senior secured term loan facility issued under the Credit Agreement (including $320 million delayed draw facility). The ratio of consolidated total debt to the Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Truist Bank Technology service provider United States of America Value-added resellers 4 Table of Contents Item 1. Business Overview of the Company PART I. Priority is a solutions provider in Payments and BaaS industry, operating at scale with 860,000 active customers across its SMB, B2B and Enterprise customers channels. Priority processes $120 billion in annual transaction volume and provides administration for $900 million in deposits. Priority’s purpose-built technology enables clients to collect, store, lend and send money while providing AP payment applications and Passport financial tools that best optimize their cash flow and maximize working capital bolstered by our industry leading personalized support. Priority was established in 2005 and has grown from a founder-financed technology startup to become the 5 largest non-bank merchant acquirer in the U.S. by volume, according to the Nilson Report issued in March 2023. Since inception, we have built a native technology platform that provides all forms of payments (card acquiring and issuing, ACH, check and wire) and embedded finance services that serve customers of any size. Priority maintains a global business platform with 983 employees operating from its headquarters in Alpharetta, GA and regional offices in other locations, including New York, NY; Hicksville, NY; Chattanooga, TN; Raleigh, NC; Dallas, TX; San Francisco, CA; and Chandigarh, India. th Priority delivers value to its partners by leveraging its payments and embedded finance technology to deliver solutions that power modern commerce for SMBs and enterprise software and business partners. We handle the complexities of payments and embedded finance to free our partners to focus on their core business objectives. Priority's solutions are offered via API or proprietary applications with nationwide money transmission licenses, providing end-to- end operational support including automated risk management and underwriting, full compliance and industry leading customer service. Our growth has been underpinned by three key strengths: 1) market leading proprietary product platforms in SMB, B2B and Enterprise Payments verticals; 2) focused distribution engines dedicated to helping our partners monetize their merchant payment networks; and 3) a cost-efficient, agile payment and business processing infrastructure, purpose-built to support our partners in operating in these distinct market verticals. Priority's solutions are delivered via internally developed payment applications and services to customers in the following business segments: • • • SMB Acquiring Solutions: Provides full-service acquiring and payment-enabled solutions for B2C transactions, leveraging Priority's proprietary software platform, distributed through ISO, direct sales and vertically focused ISV channels. B2B Payables: Provides market-leading AP automation solutions to corporations, software partners and industry leading FIs (including Citibank and Mastercard). Enterprise Payments and BaaS: Provides embedded finance and BaaS solutions to customers to modernize legacy platforms and accelerate software partners' strategies to monetize payments. 5 Table of Contents The MX product suite provides technology-enabled payment acceptance and business management capabilities to merchants, enterprises and our distribution partners. The MX product suite includes MX Connect and MX Merchant products, which together provide resellers and merchant clients a flexible and customizable set of business applications that help better manage critical business work functions and revenue performance using core payment processing as our leverage point. MX Connect provides our SMB payments reselling partners with automated tools that support low friction merchant on-boarding, underwriting and risk management, client service, and commission processing through a single mobile-enabled, web-based interface. The result is a smooth merchant activation onto our flagship consumer payments offering, MX Merchant, which provides core processing and business solutions to SMB clients. In addition to payment processing, the MX Merchant product suite encompasses a variety of proprietary and third-party product applications that merchants can adopt such as MX Insights, MX Storefront, MX Retail, MX Invoice, MX B2B and ACH.com, among others. This comprehensive suite of solutions enables merchants to 1) identify key consumer trends in their businesses; 2) quickly implement e-commerce or retail POS solutions; and 3) handle ACH payments. By empowering resellers to adopt a consultative selling approach and embedding our technology into the critical day-to-day workflows and operations of both merchants and resellers, we believe that we have established and maintained "sticky" relationships. We believe that our strong retention, coupled with consistent merchant onboarding, have resulted in strong processing volume and revenue growth. In addition to our SMB offering, we have diversified our source of revenues through our growing presence in the B2B market. We provide automated AP offerings to our enterprise clients and financial institutions through our CPX platform. Our CPX platform offers clients a seamless bridge for buyer-to- supplier (payor-to-provider) payments by integrating directly to a buyer's payment instruction file and parsing it for payment to suppliers via virtual card, purchase card, ACH +, dynamic discounting or check. Successful implementation of our AP automation solutions provides: 1) suppliers with the benefits of cash acceleration; 2) buyers with valuable rebate/discount revenue: and 3) the Company with stable sources of payment processing and other revenue. Additionally, we provide a suite of integrated AP automation solutions businesses to FIs and card networks such as Citibank, Mastercard and Visa, among others. Alongside CPX as part of the AP suite, Priority acquired the assets of Plastiq Inc. through its subsidiary Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC, a leading B2B payments company, in the third fiscal quarter of 2023, and has helped tens of thousands of businesses improve cash flow with instant access to working capital, while automating and enabling control over all aspects of accounts payable and receivable. The flagship product, Plastiq Pay, pioneered a way for businesses to pay suppliers by credit card regardless of acceptance as an alternative to expensive, scarce bank loan options. Plastiq Accept offers an alternative to expensive merchant services, enabling businesses to accept credit cards with no merchant 6 Table of Contents fees and get paid across any customer touch point, including a website, invoice, checkout process, and in person via QR code. The Plastiq Connect API suite enables platforms, marketplaces, and ERPs, to expand B2B payment options for payables and receivables in their native customer experience while outsourcing payment execution, risk, and compliance. Our Enterprise Payments segment provides embedded finance and BaaS solutions to customers that modernize legacy platforms and accelerate modern software partners looking to monetize payment components. We provide solutions for ISVs, third-party integrators, and merchants that allow for the leveraging of our core payments engine, our automated payables platform or our account ledgering capabilities all via API resources. We generate revenue primarily from payment processing transactions, and to a lesser extent, from monthly subscription services and other solutions provided to customers and interest income from the permissible investments of the deposits we hold. Payment processing fees are generated from the ongoing sales of our merchants and are governed by multi-year merchant contracts. As a result, payment processing fees are highly recurring in nature. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated revenue of $755.6 million, net loss attributable to common stockholders of $49.1 million and operating income of $81.5 million, compared to revenue of $663.6 million, net loss attributable to common stockholders of $39.0 million and operating income of $56.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Industry Overview The payment processing industry provides merchants with credit, debit, gift, loyalty card and other payment processing services, along with related value- added solutions and information services. The industry continues to grow, driven by wider merchant acceptance, increased use of Electronic Payments, advances in payment technology and the disruption in banking by fintech providers. The proliferation of bankcards and the use of other payment technologies has made the acceptance of Electronic Payments through multiple channels a virtual necessity for many businesses to remain competitive. The increased use and acceptance of bankcards and the availability of more sophisticated products and services has resulted in a highly competitive, specialized industry. Services to the SMB merchant market have been historically characterized by basic payment processing without ready access to more sophisticated technology, value-added solutions, or customer service that are typically offered to large merchants. To keep up with the changing demands of how consumers wish to pay for goods and services, we believe SMB merchants and enterprise customers increasingly recognize the need for value-added services wrapped around omni-channel payment solutions that are tailored to their specific business needs. Key Industry Trends The following are key trends we believe are impacting the merchant acquiring/payment processing industry: • • Trend Toward Electronic Transactions – We believe the continued shift from cash/paper payments toward electronic/card payments will drive growth for merchant acquirers and processors as volume continues to grow correspondingly. We believe this migration and overall market growth will continue to provide tailwinds to the Electronic Payments industry. Convergence of Payments and Embedded Finance Solutions – As consumer behavior shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the scale of disruption grew dramatically and we believe the speed of change will continue to rise. The appetite of both merchants and consumers for new alternatives to traditional payment options remains top of mind and big tech companies, fintechs, challenger banks and other non-bank entrants are driving market disruption by offering customers better user experiences at lower prices. The continued displacement of cash and checks over the next several years, helped along by customers' adoption of digital shopping and fueled by their desire to avoid contact with physical infrastructure and objects, continues to create even more opportunities for disruption in payments. • Mobile Payments – Historically, e-commerce was conducted on a computer via a web browser; however, as mobile technologies continue to proliferate, consumers are making more purchases through mobile browsers and native mobile applications. We believe this shift represents a significant opportunity given the high growth rates of mobile 7 Table of Contents payments volume, higher fees for card-not-present and cross-border processing and potential for the in-app economy to stimulate and/or alter consumer spending behavior. B2B payments is the largest payment market in the U.S. by volume and presents a significant opportunity for payment providers to capitalize on the conversion of check and paper-based payments to Electronic Payments, including card-based acceptance. As businesses have increasingly looked to improve efficiency and reduce costs, the electronification of B2B payments has gained momentum. Competitive Strengths We possess certain attributes that we believe differentiate us as a leading provider of merchant acquiring, commercial payment and embedded finance solutions in the U.S. Our key competitive strengths include: • Diverse Reseller Community – We maintain strong reseller relationships with approximately 1,200 partners, including ISOs, FIs, ISVs, VARs and other referral partners. MX Connect enables resellers to efficiently market merchant acquiring solutions to a broad base of merchants through a one-to-many distribution model. We believe that our ability to service our reseller partners through a comprehensive offering provides a competitive advantage that has allowed the Company to build a large, diverse merchant base characterized by high retention. The strengths of our technology offering are manifested in the fact that we maintain ownership of merchant contracts, with most reseller contracts including strong non-solicit and portability restrictions. • Comprehensive Suite of Payment Solutions – We offer a comprehensive and differentiated suite of traditional and emerging payment products and services that enables SMBs to address their payment needs through one provider. Our purpose-built proprietary technology provides technology- enabled payment acceptance and business management solutions to merchants, enterprises and ISVs. We provide a payment processing platform that allows merchants to accept Electronic Payments (e.g., credit cards, debit cards, and ACH) at the POS, online, and via mobile payment technologies. We deliver innovative business management products and add-on features that meet the needs of SMBs across different vertical markets. Additionally, with our embedded finance offerings and money transmissions licenses in 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories, we are uniquely positioned to collect, store, lend and send money on behalf of our customers. As a result, we believe we are well- positioned to capitalize on the trend towards integrated payments solutions, new technology adoption and value-add service utilization that is underway in the SMB market. We believe our solutions facilitate a superior merchant experience that results in increased customer lifetime value. • Highly Scalable Business Model with Operating Leverage – As a result of thoughtful investments in our technology, we have developed robust and differentiated infrastructure that has enabled us to scale in a cost-efficient manner. Our operating efficiency supports a low capital expenditure environment to develop product enhancements that drive organic growth across our SMB, B2B and Enterprise payment ecosystems, as well as attract both reselling partners and enterprise clients looking for best-in-class solutions. By creating a cost-efficient environment that facilitates the combination of ongoing product innovation to drive organic growth and stable cash flow to fund acquisitions, we anticipate ongoing economies of scale and increased margins over time. • Experienced Management Team Led by Industry Veterans – Our executive management team has a record of execution in the merchant acquiring and technology-enabled payments industry. Our team has continued to develop and enhance our proprietary and innovative technology platforms that differentiate us in the payments industry. We invest to attract and retain executive leadership that align with the opportunities in the market and our strategic focus. 8 Table of Contents Growth Strategies We intend to continue to execute a multi-pronged growth strategy, with diverse organic initiatives supplemented by acquisitions. Growth strategies include: Organic Growth in our Reseller Network and Merchant Base We expect to grow through our existing reseller network and merchant base by capitalizing on the organic growth of existing merchant volume and reseller merchant portfolios. By providing resellers with agile tools to manage their sales businesses and grow their merchant portfolio, we have established a solid base from which to generate new merchant adoption and retain existing merchants. By engaging in a consultative partnership approach, we maintain strong relationships with our reseller partners and continue to exhibit strong merchant adoption and volume growth trends. Through our resellers, we provide merchants with full-service acquiring solutions, as well as value-added services and tools to streamline their business processes and enable them to focus on driving same store sales growth. Deploy our Embedded Finance Solution to Enterprise Customers Our Enterprise Payments segment, and its flagship product Passport enables software partners and business platform customers to embed our payments and treasury solutions into their core operating and business systems that deliver a fully automated and digital experience to collect, store, lend and send money for their customers. Through Passport, Priority delivers a fully embedded finance solution to customers that manages the inflows and outflows, and reconciliation, of all forms of payments (ACH, wire, check, credit and debit) for any number of clients from a single account. The platform today manages over 700,000 active accounts and, through its money transmission licenses in 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories, handles over $795 million in deposits across a growing number of banking partners. This segment is quickly growing as marketplaces, gig economy platforms, software partners, and legacy business platforms are incorporating features of payment processing and embedded finance services into their customer experience and enhance their offering. Expand our Network of Distribution Partners We have established and maintained a strong position within the reseller community with approximately 1,200 partners. We intend to continue to expand our distribution network to reach new partners, particularly with ISVs and VARs to expand technology and integrated partnerships. We believe that our technology offering enables us to attract and retain high-quality resellers focused on growth. Deploy Industry Specific Payment Technology We intend to continue to enhance and deploy our technology-enabled payment solutions and our capabilities to collect, store and send money into industry- specific verticals. We continue to identify and evaluate new, attractive industries where we can deliver differentiated technology-enabled payment solutions that meet merchants' industry-specific needs. Expand Electronic Payments Share of B2B Transactions with CPX and Plastiq We have a growing presence in the commercial payments market where we provide curated managed services and AP automation solutions to businesses, FIs and card networks such as Citibank, Mastercard and Visa. The commercial payments market is the largest and one of the fastest growing payments markets in the U.S. by volume. We are well positioned to capitalize on the shift from check to Electronic Payments, which currently lags the consumer payments market, by eliminating the friction between buyers and suppliers through our industry leading offerings of CPX and Plastiq. We believe this will drive strong growth and profitability. Accretive Acquisitions With a consistent, long-term goal of maximizing stockholder value, we intend to selectively pursue strategic and tactical acquisitions that meet our established criteria. We actively seek potential acquisition candidates that exhibit certain attractive attributes including predictable and recurring revenue, a scalable operating model, low capital intensity, complementary 9 Table of Contents technology offerings and a strong cultural fit. Our operating infrastructure is purpose-built to rapidly and seamlessly consolidate complementary businesses into our ecosystem all while optimizing revenue and cost synergies. Sales and Distribution We reach our SMB segment through three primary sales channels: 1) ISOs (Retail and Wholesale) and Agents; 2) FIs; and 3) ISVs and VARs. Our cloud- based solution, MX Connect, allows our partners and resellers to engage merchants for processing services and a host of value-added features designed to enhance their customer relationships. Our merchants utilize our cloud-based MX Merchant product suite to manage their businesses and process transactions. This separate solution increases our ability to retain the merchant if the ISO were to leave the Company. Our B2B segment obtains its partner clients through: 1) direct sales initiatives; 2) ISVs and business partnerships; 3) the card networks (Mastercard and Visa); 4) large U.S. banking institutions and 5) other card issuer referral partners. We support a direct vendor sales model that provides turn-key merchant development, product sales and supplier enablement programs. By establishing a seamless bridge for buyer-to-supplier (payor-to-provider) payments that is integrated directly to a buyer's payment instruction file to facilitate payments to vendors via all payment types (virtual card, purchase card, ACH +, dynamic discounting), we have established ourselves as a top solutions provider in commercial payments. Our Plastiq offerings consist of all payment types including wires and checks to the vendors of our customers. Our Enterprise segment goes to market through integrations with software partners and business platform customers by enabling them to embed our payments and treasury solutions into their core operating and business systems. Passport's offering provides those partners with a fully automated, scalable and integrated financial tool to collect, store, lend and send money for their customers. Our market strategy has resulted in a merchant base that we believe is diversified across both industries and geographies resulting in, what we believe, is more stable average profitability per merchant. Only one reseller relationship contributes more than 10% of total bankcard processing volume, and such relationship represents approximately 14% of our total bankcard processing volume for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Security, Disaster Recovery and Back-up Systems As a result of routine business operations, we store information relating to our merchants and their transactions. Because this information is considered sensitive in nature, we maintain a high level of security to protect it. Our computational systems are continually updated and audited to the latest security standards as defined by 1) payment card industry and data security standards; and 2) the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council. As such, we have a dedicated team responsible for responding to security incidents. This team develops, maintains, tests and verifies our incident response plan. The primary function of this team is to react and respond to intrusions, denial of service, data leakage, malware, vandalism and other events that could potentially jeopardize data availability, integrity and confidentiality. In addition to handling security incidents, the incident response team continually educates themselves and us on information security matters. High-availability and disaster recovery are provided through a combination of redundant hardware and software running at two geographically distinct data centers. Each data center deployment is an exact mirror of the other and each can handle all technical, payment and business operations for all product lines independently. If one data center becomes impaired, the traffic is automatically redirected to the other. Business continuity planning drills are run each quarter to test fail-over and recovery as well as staff operations and readiness. Third-party Processors and Sponsor Banks We partner with various vendors in the payments value chain, most notably processors and sponsor banks which sit between us (the merchant acquirer) and the card networks, to assist us in providing payment processing services to merchant clients. Processing is a scale-driven business in which many acquirers outsource the processing function to a small number of large processors. In these partnerships, we serve as a merchant acquirer and enter into processing agreements with payment processors, such as Fiserv or Global Payments, to assist us in providing front-end and back-end transaction processing services 10 Table of Contents for our merchants. These third parties are compensated for their services. These processors in turn have agreements with card networks such as Visa and Mastercard, through which the transaction information is routed in exchange for network fees. To provide processing services, merchant acquirers like Priority must be registered with the card networks (e.g., Visa and Mastercard). To register with a card network in the U.S., acquirers must maintain relationships with banks willing to sponsor the merchant acquirer's adherence to the rules and standards of the card networks, or a sponsor bank. We maintain sponsor bank relationships with Wells Fargo, Synovus Bank, Pueblo Bank and Axiom Bank. We maintain a card issuing relationship with Sutton Bank. For ACH payments, the Company's ACH network (ACH.com) is sponsored by South State Bank. Sponsor bank relationships enable us to route transactions under the sponsor bank's control and identification number (referred to as a BIN for Visa and ICA for Mastercard) across the card networks (or ACH network) to authorize and clear transactions. Risk Management Our thoughtful merchant and reseller underwriting policies combined with our forward-looking transaction monitoring capabilities have enabled us to maintain low credit loss performance. Our risk management strategies are informed by a team with experience managing merchant acquiring risk operations that are augmented by our rules-based modern systems designed to manage risk at the transaction level. Initial Underwriting – Central to our risk management process are our front-line underwriting policies that vet all resellers and merchants prior to their contractual arrangements with us. Our automated risk systems access: 1) guarantor information; 2) corporate ownership details; 3) anti-money laundering information; and, 4) OFAC and FinCEN information from a variety of integrated databases. The collected information is delivered to a team of underwriters who conduct necessary industry checks, financial performance analysis or owner background checks, as applicable and consistent with our policies. Based upon these results, the underwriting department rejects or approves the merchant or reseller and sets appropriate merchant and reseller reserve requirements which are held by our bank sponsors on our behalf. Resellers may be subject to quarterly and/or annual assessments for financial strength in compliance with our policies and adjustments to reserve levels. The results of our initial merchant underwriting process inform the transaction- level risk limits for volume, average ticket, transaction types and authorization codes that are captured by our CYRIS risk module - a proprietary risk system that monitors and reports transaction risk activity to our risk team. This transaction-level risk module, housed within MX Connect, forms the foundational risk management framework that enables the Company to optimize transaction activity and processing scale while preserving a modest aggregate risk profile that has resulted in historically low losses. Real-Time Risk Monitoring – Merchant transactions are monitored on a transactional basis to proactively enforce risk controls. Our risk systems provide automated evaluation of merchant transaction activity against initial underwriting settings. Transactions that are outside underwriting parameters are queued for further investigation. Also, resellers whose merchant portfolio represents a concentration of investigated merchants are evaluated for risk action (i.e., increased reserves or contract termination). Risk Audit – Transactions flagged by our risk monitoring systems or that demonstrate suspicious activity traits that have been flagged for review can result in funds being held in addition to other risk mitigation actions. The risk mitigation actions can include: 1) non-authorization of the transaction; 2) debit of reserves; or 3) termination of the processing agreement. Merchants are periodically reviewed to assess any risk adjustments based upon their overall financial health and compliance with network standards. Merchant transaction activity is investigated for instances of business activity changes or credit impairment (and improvement). Loss Mitigation – In instances where transactions and/or individual merchants are flagged for fraud, or in instances where the transaction activity is resulting in excessive charge-backs, several loss mitigation actions may be taken. These include: 1) charge-back dispute resolution; 2) merchant and reseller funds (reserves or processed batches) withheld; 3) inclusion on Network Match List to notify the industry of a "bad actor"; and/or 4) legal action. Investments - We use our primary portfolio to provide for the investment of excess funds at acceptable risk levels. Our portfolio consists primarily of money market accounts at FDIC insured institutions. Concentration in any one particular financial institution could create operational disruption or put customer funds in excess of FDIC insured limits at risk. 11 Table of Contents Acquisitions of a Business On May 23, 2023, Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC, a subsidiary of PRTH, entered into an equity and asset purchase agreement with Plastiq, Inc., to acquire substantially all of the assets of Plastiq Inc., including the equity interest in Plastiq Canada, Inc ("Plastiq"). Plastiq is a buyer funded B2B payments platform offering bill pay and instant access to working capital to its customers and will complement the Company's existing supplier-funded B2B payments business. On May 24, 2023, Plastiq Inc. filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The purchase was completed on July 31, 2023, for a total purchase consideration of approximately $37.0 million. The total purchase consideration included $28.5 million in cash and the remaining consideration is in the nature of deferred or contingent consideration and certain equity interest in the acquiring entity. The cash consideration for the purchase was funded by borrowings from the Company's revolving credit facility. See Note 2. Acquisitions for additional information related to the Company's acquisitions. Competition The U.S. acquiring industry is highly competitive, with several large processors accounting for the majority of processing volume. When excluding banks, we ranked 5 among U.S. non-bank merchant acquirers, according to the March 2023 Nilson Report. th The concentration at the top of the industry is partly a result of consolidation. We believe that consolidation has also resulted in many large processors maintaining multiple, inflexible legacy IT systems that are not well-equipped to adjust to changing market requirements. We believe that the large merchant acquirers whose innovation has been hindered by these redundant legacy systems risk losing market share to acquirers with more agile and dynamic IT systems. Pricing has historically been the key factor influencing the selection of a merchant acquirer. Providers with more advanced tech-enabled services (primarily online and integrated offerings), have an advantage over providers who are operating legacy technology and offering undifferentiated services that have come under pricing pressure from higher levels of competition. High quality customer service further differentiates providers as this helps to reduce attrition. Other competitive factors that set acquirers apart include: 1) price; 2) breadth of product offerings; 3) partnerships with FIs; 4) servicing capability; 5) data security; and 6) functionality. Leading acquirers are expected to continue to add additional services to expand cross-selling opportunities, primarily in omni-channel payment solutions, POS software, payments security, customer loyalty and other payments-related offerings. The largest opportunity for acquirers to expand is within the SMB merchant market. As small businesses increasingly demand integrated solutions tailored to specific business functions or industries, merchant processors are adopting payment-enabled software offerings that combine embedded finance products with core business operating software. By subsisting within SMB's critical business software, processors are able to improve economic results through better merchant retention and higher processing margins. Through our MX Merchant platform, we are well-positioned to capitalize on the trend towards integrated solutions, new technology adoption and value added-service utilization in the SMB market. Providing BaaS products is highly competitive. We face competition from other BaaS providers and banks directly. We differentiate ourselves to merchants and enterprise customers through our ability to innovate and develop new products and services that offer new payment experiences for customers on our platform. Our agility, risk management and suite of products within a single platform differentiates us from competitors. Government Regulation and Payment Network Rules We operate in an increasingly complex legal and regulatory environment. We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations and the rules and standards of the payment networks that are utilized to provide our electronic payment services, as more fully described below. 12 Table of Contents Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act The Dodd-Frank Act resulted in significant structural and other changes to the regulation of the financial services industry. The Dodd-Frank Act directed the Federal Reserve Board to regulate the debit interchange transaction fees that a card issuer or payment card network receives or charges for an electronic debit transaction. Pursuant to the so-called "Durbin Amendment" to the Dodd-Frank Act, these fees must be "reasonable and proportional" to the cost incurred by the card issuer in authorizing, clearing and settling the transaction. Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board, debit interchange rates for card issuers with assets of $10.0 billion or more are capped at $0.21 per transaction and an ad valorem component of five basis points to reflect a portion of the issuer's fraud losses plus, for qualifying issuers, an additional $0.01 per transaction in debit interchange for fraud prevention costs. The cap on interchange fees has not had a material direct effect on our results of operations. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act limits the ability of payment card networks to impose certain restrictions because it allows merchants to: 1) set minimum dollar amounts (not to exceed $10.00) for the acceptance of a credit card (and allows federal governmental entities and institutions of higher education to set maximum amounts for the acceptance of credit cards); and 2) provide discounts or incentives to encourage consumers to pay with cash, checks, debit cards or credit cards. The rules also contain prohibitions on network exclusivity and merchant routing restrictions. These rules require a card issuer to: 1) enable at least two unaffiliated networks on each debit card; 2) prohibit card networks from entering into exclusivity arrangements; and 3) restrict the ability of issuers or networks to mandate transaction routing requirements. The prohibition on network exclusivity has not significantly affected our ability to pass on network fees and other costs to our customers, nor do we expect it to in the future. The Dodd-Frank Act created the CFPB, which has assumed responsibility for enforcing federal consumer protection laws, and the FSOC, which was established to, among other things, identify risks to the stability of the U.S. financial system. The FSOC has the authority to require supervision and regulation of nonbank financial companies that the FSOC determines pose a systemic risk to the U.S. financial system. Accordingly, we may be subject to additional systemic risk-related oversight. Payment Network Rules and Standards As a merchant acquirer, we are subject to the rules of Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover and other payment networks. In order to provide services, several of our subsidiaries are either registered as service providers for member institutions with Mastercard, Visa and other networks or are direct members of Mastercard, Visa and other networks. Accordingly, we are subject to card association and network rules that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card networks for certain acts or omissions. Banking Laws and Regulations The FFIEC is an interagency body comprised of federal bank and credit union regulators such as the Federal Reserve Board, the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the CFPB. The FFIEC examines large data processors to identify and mitigate risks associated with systemically significant service providers, including specifically the risks they may pose to the banking industry. We are considered by the FFIEC to be a TSP based on the services we provide to FIs. As a TSP, we are subject to audits by an interagency group consisting of the Federal Reserve System, the FDIC, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Through our subsidiary, Finxera, Inc., we also hold money transmission licenses in 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories. Accordingly, we are subject to the applicable laws and regulations and are subject to examinations by state banking regulators. Privacy and Information Security Laws We provide services that may be subject to various state, federal and foreign privacy laws and regulations. These laws and regulations include: 1) the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which applies to a broad range of FIs and to companies 13 Table of Contents that provide services to FIs in the U.S.; 2) certain health care technology laws, including HIPAA and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Act; and 3) the CCPA, which establishes a new privacy framework for covered businesses by: i) creating an expanded definition of personal information; ii) establishing new data privacy rights for consumers in the State of California; iii) imposing special rules on the collection of consumer data from minors; and iv) creating a new and potentially severe statutory damages framework for violations of the CCPA and for businesses that fail to implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. We are also subject to a variety of foreign data protection and privacy laws, including, without limitation, Directive 95/46/EC, as implemented in each member state of the European Union and its successor, the General Data Protection Regulation. Among other things, these foreign and domestic laws, and their implementing regulations, in certain cases: 1) restrict the collection, processing, storage, use and disclosure of personal information; 2) require notice to individuals of privacy practices, and provide individuals with certain rights to prevent use; and 3) disclosure of protected information. These laws also impose requirements for safeguarding and removal or elimination of personal information. AML and Counter-terrorism Regulation The U.S. federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the BSA, and the BSA implementing regulations administered by FinCEN, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, require, among other things, each financial institution to: 1) develop and implement a risk-based anti-money laundering program; 2) file reports on large currency transactions; 3) file suspicious activity reports if the financial institution believes a customer may be violating U.S. laws and regulations; and 4) maintain transaction records. Given that a number of our clients are FIs that are directly subject to U.S. federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations, we have developed an anti-money laundering compliance program to best assist our clients in meeting such legal and regulatory requirements. We are subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by OFAC of the U.S. Department of Treasury, which place prohibitions and restrictions on all U.S. citizens and entities with respect to transactions by U.S. persons with specified countries and individuals and entities identified on OFAC's Specially Designated Nationals list (for example, individuals and companies owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, countries subject to certain economic and trade sanctions, as well as terrorists, terrorist organizations and narcotics traffickers identified by OFAC under programs that are not country specific). Similar anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing and proceeds of crime laws apply to movements of currency and payments through electronic transactions and to dealings with persons specified on lists maintained by organizations similar to OFAC in several other countries and which may impose specific data retention obligations or prohibitions on intermediaries in the payment process. We have developed and continue to enhance compliance programs and policies to monitor and address such legal and regulatory requirements and developments. We continue to enhance such programs and policies to ensure that our customers do not engage in prohibited transactions with designated countries, individuals or entities. Telephone Consumer Protection Act and Telemarketing Sales Rule We are subject to the Federal TCPA and various state laws to the extent we place telephone calls and SMS messages to clients and consumers. The TCPA regulates certain telephone calls and SMS messages placed using automatic telephone dialing systems or artificial or prerecorded voices and can alter the way we do business. Additionally, as a provider of dedicated accounts in the debt resolution industry, we are also subject to certain requirements of the Telemarketing Sales Rule which requires independence of account administrators and certain prohibitions against advance payment of fees. Escheat Laws We are subject to U.S. federal and state unclaimed or abandoned property laws that require us to transfer to certain government authorities the unclaimed property of other that we hold when that property has been unclaimed for a certain period of time. Moreover, we are subject to audit by state and foreign regulatory authorities with regard to our escheatment practices. Other Regulation The Tax Act of 2008 requires certain merchant acquiring entities and third-party settlement organizations to provide information returns for each calendar year with respect to payments made in settlement of electronic payment transactions and 14 Table of Contents third-party payment network transactions occurring in that calendar year. Reportable transactions are also subject to backup withholding requirements. The foregoing is not an exhaustive list of the laws, rules and regulations which we are subject to and the regulatory framework governing our business is changing continuously. Intellectual Property We have developed a payments platform that includes many instances of proprietary software, code sets, workflows and algorithms. It is our practice to enter confidentiality, non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and to enter into confidentiality and non- disclosure agreements with other third parties to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, our confidential information and proprietary technology. In addition to these contractual measures, we also rely on a combination of trademarks, copyrights, registered domain names, and patent rights to help protect the Priority brand and our other intellectual property. Human Capital Management As of December 31, 2023, we employed 983 employees, of which 974 were employed full-time. We have employees residing throughout the U.S., Canada and India. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Growth and Development Our strategy to develop and retain the best talent includes an emphasis on employee training and development. We promote our core values of ownership, innovation, camaraderie, service, authenticity and trust as an organization and offer awards to colleagues who exemplify these qualities. We require a mandatory online training curriculum for our employees that includes annual anti-harassment and anti-discrimination training. Inclusion and Diversity Our inclusion and diversity program focuses on our employees, workplace and community. We believe that our business is strengthened by a diverse workforce that reflects the communities in which we operate. We believe all of our employees should be treated with respect and equality, regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, religious beliefs or other characteristics. Inclusion and diversity remain a common thread in all of our human resource practices so that we can attract, develop and retain the best talent for our workforce. Availability of Filings Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are made available free of charge on our internet website at www.prioritycommerce.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed the material with, or furnished it to the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains our reports, proxy and information statements and our other SEC filings. The address of that website is www.sec.gov. The contents of our websites are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only. 15 Table of Contents Item 1A. Risk Factors An investment in our Common Stock and our financial results are subject to a number of risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those generally affecting the industry in which we operate and risks that management currently deems immaterial, may arise or become material in the future and affect our business. Risk Factors Related to Our Business Unauthorized access to our systems or unauthorized disclosure of merchant or cardholder data, whether through breach of our computer systems, computer viruses, or otherwise, could expose us to liability, protracted and costly litigation and damage our reputation. Our services include the processing, transmission and storing of sensitive business and personal information about our merchants, merchants' customers, vendors, partners and other third parties. This information may include credit and debit card numbers, bank account numbers, personal identification numbers, names and addresses or other sensitive business information. This information may also be stored by third parties to whom we outsource certain functions or other agents ("associated third parties"). We may have responsibility to the card networks, FIs, and in some instances, our merchants, and/or ISOs, for our failure or the failure of our associated third parties to protect this information. Information security risks for us and our competitors have substantially increased in recent years in part due to the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication, resources and activities of hackers, terrorists, activists, organized crime, and other external parties, including hostile nation-state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, sabotage systems or utilize payment systems in an effort to perpetrate financial fraud change frequently and are often difficult to detect and all of which we are vulnerable to. We have been the target of brute force attempts to obtain unauthorized access to our systems. Threats may derive from human error, fraud or malice on the part of employees or third parties, or may result from accidental technological failure. Computer viruses can be distributed and spread rapidly over the internet and could infiltrate our systems or those of our associated third parties. Additionally, denial of service or other attacks could be launched against us for a variety of purposes, including interfering with our services or to create a diversion for other malicious activities. Our defensive measures may not prevent down-time, unauthorized access or use of sensitive data. While we maintain insurance coverage that will cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. Furthermore, we do not control the actions of our third-party partners and customers in their systems. These third parties may experience security breaches and any future problems experienced by these third parties, including those resulting from cyber attacks or other breakdowns or disruptions in services, could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business or expose us to liability. Further, our agreements with our bank sponsors and our third- party payment processors (as well as payment network requirements) require us to take certain protective measures to ensure the confidentiality of merchant and consumer data. Any such actions, attacks or failure to adequately comply with these protective measures could hurt our reputation, force us to incur significant expenses in remediating the resulting impacts, expose us to uninsured liability, result in the loss of our bank sponsors or our ability to participate in the payment networks, or subject us to fees, penalties, sanctions, litigation or termination of our bank sponsor agreements or our third-party payment processor agreements. As a result of information security risks, we must continuously develop and enhance our controls, processes and practices designed to protect our computer systems, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access. This continuous development and enhancement will require us to expend additional resources, including to investigate and remediate significant information security vulnerabilities detected. Despite our investments in security measures, we are unable to assure that any security measures will not be subject to system or human error. Our systems or our third-party providers' systems may fail, which could interrupt our service, cause us to lose business, increase our costs and expose us to liability. We depend on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer systems, software, data centers and telecommunications networks, as well as the systems and services of third parties. A system outage or data loss could have a 16 Table of Contents material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Not only could we suffer damage to our reputation in the event of a system outage or data loss, but we may also be liable to third parties. Many of our contractual agreements with FIs and certain other customers require the payment of penalties if we do not meet certain operating standards. Our systems and operations or those of our third-party providers could be exposed to damage or interruption from, among other things, fire, natural disaster, power loss or telecommunications failure. The payment processing industry is highly competitive and such competition is likely to increase, which may adversely influence the prices we can charge to merchants for our services and the compensation we must pay to our distribution partners, and as a result, our profit margins. The payment processing industry is highly competitive. We primarily compete in the SMB merchant industry. We compete with FIs and their affiliates, independent payment processing companies and ISOs. We also compete with many of these same entities for production through distribution partners. Many of our distribution partners are not exclusive to us but also have relationships with our competitors, such that we have to continually expend resources to maintain those relationships. Our growth will depend on the continued growth of Electronic Payments, particularly Electronic Payments to SMB merchants, and our ability to increase our market share through successful competitive efforts to gain new merchants and distribution partners. Additionally, many FIs and their subsidiaries or well-established payment-enabled technology providers with which we compete, have substantially greater capital, technological, management and marketing resources than we have. These factors may allow our competitors to offer better pricing terms to merchants and more attractive compensation to distribution partners, which could result in a loss of our potential or current merchants and distribution partners. Our current and future competitors may also develop or offer services that have price or other advantages over the services we provide. We also face new, well capitalized, competition from emerging technology and non-traditional payment processing companies as well as traditional companies offering alternative Electronic Payments services and payment-enabled software solutions. If these new entrants gain a greater share of total Electronic Payments transactions, they could impact our ability to retain and grow our relationships with merchants and distribution partners. Acquirers may be susceptible to the adoption by the broader merchant community of payment-enabled software versus terminal based payments. Increased merchant, referral partner or ISO attrition could cause our financial results to decline. We experience attrition in merchant credit and debit card processing volume resulting from several factors, including business closures, transfers of merchant accounts to our competitors, unsuccessful contract renewal negotiations and account closures that we initiate for various reasons such as heightened credit risks or contract breaches by merchants. Our referral partners are a significant source of new business. If a referral partner or an ISO switches to another processor, terminates our services, internalizes payment processing that we perform, merges with or is acquired by one of our competitors, or shuts down or becomes insolvent, we may no longer receive new merchant referrals from such referral partner, and we risk losing existing merchants that were originally enrolled by the referral partner or ISO. We cannot predict the level of attrition in the future and it could increase. Higher than expected attrition could negatively affect our results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Changes in card association and debit network fees or products could increase costs or otherwise limit our operations. From time to time, card associations and debit networks increase the organization and/or processing fees (known as interchange fees) that they charge. It is possible that competitive pressures will result in us absorbing a portion of such increases in the future, which would increase our operating costs, reduce our profit margin, and adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, the various card associations and networks prescribe certain capital requirements. Any increase in the capital level required would further limit our use of capital for other purposes. Changes in payment network rules or standards could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Payment network rules are established and changed from time to time by each payment network as they may determine in their sole discretion and with or without advance notice to their participants. The timelines imposed by the payment networks or 17 Table of Contents sponsor banks for expected compliance with new rules have historically been, and may continue to be, highly compressed, requiring us to quickly implement changes to our systems which increases the risk of non-compliance with new standards or the reduction of certain types of merchant activity. In addition, the payment networks could make changes to interchange or other elements of the pricing structure of the merchant acquiring industry that would have a negative impact on our results of operations. To remain competitive and to continue to increase our revenues and earnings, we must continually update our products and services, a process which could result in increased costs and the loss of revenues, earnings, merchants and distribution partners if the new products and services do not perform as intended or are not accepted in the marketplace. The Electronic Payments industry in which we compete is subject to rapid technological changes and is characterized by new technology, product and service introductions, evolving industry standards, changing merchant needs and the entrance of non-traditional competitors. We are subject to the risk that our existing products and services become obsolete, and that we are unable to develop new products and services in response to industry demands. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to develop or adapt to technological changes and the evolving needs of our resellers, merchants and the industry at large. In addition, new products and offerings may not perform as intended or generate the business or revenue growth expected. Defects in our software and errors or delays in our processing of electronic transactions could result in additional development costs, diversion of technical and other resources from our other development efforts, loss of credibility with current or potential distribution partners and merchants, harm to our reputation, fines imposed by card networks, or exposure to liability claims. Any delay in the delivery of new products or services or the failure to differentiate our products and services could render them less desirable, or possibly even obsolete, to our merchants. Additionally, the market for alternative payment processing products and services is evolving, and we may develop too rapidly or not rapidly enough for us to recover the costs we have incurred in developing new products and services. Acquisitions create certain risks and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We have actively acquired businesses and expect to continue to make acquisitions of businesses and assets in the future. The acquisition and integration of businesses and assets involve a number of risks. These risks include valuation (negotiating a fair price for the business and assets), integration (managing the process of integrating the acquired business' people, products, technology, and other assets to realize the projected value and synergies), regulatory (obtaining any applicable regulatory or other government approvals), and due diligence (identifying risks to the prospects of the business, including undisclosed or unknown liabilities or restrictions). There can be no assurances that we will be able to complete suitable acquisitions for a variety of reasons, including the identification of and competition for acquisition targets, the need for regulatory approvals, the inability of the parties to agree to the structure or purchase price of the transaction and our inability to finance the transaction on commercially acceptable terms. In addition, any potential acquisition can subject us to a variety of other risks: • • • If we are unable to successfully integrate the benefits plans, duties and responsibilities and other factors of interest to management of employees of the acquired business, we could lose employees to our competitors in the region, which could significantly affect our ability to operate the business and complete the integration; If the integration process causes any delays with the delivery of our services, or the quality of those services, we could lose customers to our competitors; Any acquisition may otherwise cause disruption to the acquired company's business and operations and relationships with financial institution sponsors, customers, merchants, employees and other partners; • Any acquisition and the related integration could divert the attention of our management from other strategic matters including possible acquisitions and alliances and planning for new product development or expansion into new markets for payments technology and software solutions; and • The costs related to the integration of an acquired company's business and operations into ours may be greater than anticipated. 18 Table of Contents We are subject to economic and political risk, the business cycles of our merchants and distribution partners and the overall level of consumer and commercial spending, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. The Electronic Payments industry depends heavily on the overall level of consumer, commercial and government spending. We are exposed to general economic conditions that affect consumer confidence, consumer spending, consumer discretionary income and changes in consumer purchasing habits. A sustained deterioration in general economic conditions or increases in interest rates could adversely affect our financial performance by reducing the number or aggregate dollar volume of transactions made using Electronic Payments. If our merchants make fewer sales of their products and services using Electronic Payments, or consumers spend less money through Electronic Payments, we will have fewer transactions to process at lower dollar amounts, resulting in lower revenue. In addition, a weakening in the economy could force merchants to close at higher than historical rates, resulting in exposure to potential losses and a decline in the number of transactions that we process. We also have material fixed and semi-fixed costs, including rent, debt service, contractual minimums and salaries, which could limit our ability to quickly adjust costs and respond to changes in our business and the economy. Global economic, political and market conditions affecting the U.S. markets may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability. Worldwide financial market conditions, as well as various social and political tensions in the U.S. and around the world, may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. In addition, the fiscal and monetary policies of foreign nations, such as Russia and China, may have a severe impact on U.S. financial markets. We are monitoring the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas. While we do not expect that such conflicts will themselves be material to our business, geopolitical instability and adversity arising from such conflict (including additional conflicts that could arise from such conflicts), the imposition of sanctions, taxes and/or tariffs against one of the countries or their response to such sanctions (including retaliatory acts, such as cyber attacks and sanctions against other countries) could adversely affect the global economy or specific international, regional and domestic markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Any new legislation that may be adopted in the U.S. could significantly affect the regulation of U.S. financial markets. Areas subject to potential change, amendment or repeal include the Dodd-Frank Act and the authority of the Federal Reserve Board and the FSOC. The U.S. may also potentially withdraw from or renegotiate various trade agreements and take other actions that would change current trade policies of the U.S. We cannot predict which, if any, of these actions will be taken or, if taken, their effect on the financial stability of the U.S. Such actions could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in view of the regulatory oversight we presently face. We cannot predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the U.S. economy in general, or specifically on our business model or growth strategy, which typically involves the use of debt financing. To the extent a downturn in the U.S. economy impacts our merchant accounts, regulatory changes increase the burden we face in operating our business, or disruptions in the credit markets prevent us from using debt to finance future acquisitions, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted. We rely on FIs and other service and technology providers. If they fail or discontinue providing their services or technology generally or to us specifically, our ability to provide services to merchants may be interrupted, and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted. We rely on various FIs to provide clearing services in connection with our settlement activities. If such FIs should stop providing clearing services, we must find other FIs to provide those services. Additionally, we rely on FIs to facilitate our B2B and money transmission services offerings. If we are unable to find a replacement financial institution, we may no longer be able to provide these services to certain customers, which could negatively affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows. We also rely on third parties to provide or supplement bankcard processing services and for infrastructure hosting services. We also rely on third parties for specific software and hardware used in providing our products and services. The termination by our service or technology providers of their arrangements with us or their failure to perform their services efficiently and effectively may adversely affect our relationships with our merchants and, if we cannot find alternate providers quickly, may cause those merchants to terminate their relationship with us. 19 Table of Contents We also rely in part on third parties for the development and access to new technologies, or updates to existing products and services for which third parties provide ongoing support, which increases the cost associated with new and existing product and service offerings. Failure by these third-party providers to devote an appropriate level of attention to our products and services could result in delays in introducing new products or services, or delays in resolving any issues with existing products or services for which third-party providers provide ongoing support. Fraud by merchants or others could cause us to incur losses. We have potential liability for fraudulent electronic payment transactions or credits initiated by merchants or others. Examples of merchant fraud include when a merchant or other party knowingly uses a stolen or counterfeit credit or debit card, card number, or other credentials to record a false sales or credit transaction, processes an invalid card, or intentionally fails to deliver the merchandise or services sold in an otherwise valid transaction. Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities such as counterfeiting and fraud. Failure to effectively manage risk and prevent fraud could increase in the future. Increases in chargebacks or other liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We incur liability when our merchants refuse or cannot reimburse us for chargebacks resolved in favor of their customers. We have potential liability for chargebacks associated with the transactions we process. If a billing dispute between a merchant and a cardholder is not ultimately resolved in favor of the merchant, the disputed transaction is "charged back" to the merchant's bank and credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. The risk of chargebacks is typically greater with those merchants that promise future delivery of goods and services rather than delivering goods or rendering services at the time of payment. If we or our bank sponsors are unable to collect the chargeback from the merchant's account or reserve account (if applicable), or if the merchant refuses or is financially unable (due to bankruptcy or other reasons) to reimburse the merchant's bank for the chargeback, we may bear the loss for the amount of the refund paid to the cardholder. Any increase in chargebacks not paid by our merchants could increase our costs and decrease our revenues. We have policies to manage merchant-related credit risk and often mitigate such risk by requiring collateral and monitoring transaction activity. Notwithstanding our programs and policies for managing credit risk, it is possible that a default on such obligations by one or more of our merchants could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements of the card networks, they could seek to fine us, suspend us or terminate our registrations for membership. If we incur fines or penalties for which our merchants or ISOs are responsible that we cannot collect, we may have to bear the cost of such fines or penalties. We are subject to card association and network rules that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card networks for certain acts or omissions. The rules of the card networks are set by the card networks themselves and may be influenced by card issuers, some of which are our competitors with respect to processing services. Many banks directly or indirectly sell processing services to merchants in direct competition with us. These banks could attempt, by virtue of their influence on the networks, to alter the networks' rules or policies to the detriment of non-members, including us. The termination of our registrations or our membership status as a service provider or merchant processor, or any changes in a card association or other network rules or standards, including interpretation and implementation of the rules or standards, that increase the cost of doing business or limit our ability to provide transaction processing services to our customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If a merchant or an ISO fails to comply with the applicable requirements of the card associations and networks, we or the merchant or ISO could be subject to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card associations or networks. If we cannot collect or pursue collection of such amounts from the applicable merchant or ISO, we may have to bear the cost of such fines or penalties, resulting in lower earnings for us. The termination of our registration, or any changes in the Visa or Mastercard rules that would impair our registration, could require us to stop providing Visa and Mastercard payment processing services, which would make it impossible for us to conduct our business on its current scale. 20 Table of Contents The loss of, for example, key personnel or of our ability to attract, recruit, retain and develop qualified employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our success depends upon the continued services of our senior management and other key personnel who have substantial experience in the Electronic Payments industry and the markets in which we offer our services. In addition, our success depends in large part upon the reputation within the industry of our senior managers who have developed relationships with our distribution partners, payment networks and other payment processing and service providers. Further, in order for us to continue to successfully compete and grow, we must attract, recruit, develop and retain personnel who will provide us with expertise across the entire spectrum of our intellectual capital needs. Our success is also dependent on the skill and experience of our sales force, which we must continuously work to maintain. While we have many key personnel who have substantial experience with our operations, we must also develop our personnel to provide succession plans capable of maintaining the continuity of our operations. The market for qualified personnel is competitive, and we may not succeed in recruiting additional personnel or may fail to effectively replace current personnel who depart with qualified or effective successors. We may be responsible for the actions of our vendors in some circumstances. We use third parties to provide services to us including IT related services and sales related functions. Should a cybersecurity related event or other act of negligence occur as a result of a third-party service provider, we may be liable for those actions. Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Tax Risks Legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In the ordinary course of business, we may become involved in various litigation matters, including but not limited to commercial disputes and employee claims, and from time to time may be involved in governmental or regulatory investigations or similar matters arising out of our current or future business. Any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, could harm our reputation and have an adverse impact on our relationship with our merchants, distribution partners and other third parties and could lead to additional related claims. Certain claims may seek injunctive relief, which could disrupt the ordinary conduct of our business and operations or increase our cost of doing business. Our insurance or indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against it, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation and cause us to expend resources in our defense. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending ourselves in future litigation. Should the ultimate judgments or settlements in any pending litigation or future litigation or investigation significantly exceed our insurance coverage, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to extensive government regulation, and any new laws and regulations, industry standards or revisions made to existing laws, regulations or industry standards affecting the Electronic Payments industry may have an unfavorable impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business is affected by laws and regulations and examinations that affect us and our industries. Regulation and proposed regulation of the payments industry has increased significantly in recent years. Failure to comply with regulations or guidelines may result in the suspension or revocation of a license or registration, the limitation, suspension or termination of service, including money transmission services, and the imposition of civil and criminal penalties, including fines, or may cause customers or potential customers to be reluctant to do business with us, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. Interchange fees are subject to intense legal, regulatory and legislative scrutiny. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act limits the amount of debit card fees charged by certain issuers, allowing merchants to set minimum dollar amounts for the acceptance of credit cards and allowing merchants to offer discounts or other incentives for different payment methods. These types of restrictions could negatively affect the number of debit transactions, which would adversely affect our business. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the CFPB, which has assumed responsibility for enforcing federal consumer protection laws, and the FSOC, which has the authority to determine whether any non-bank financial company, which may include us within the definitional scope, should be supervised by the Federal Reserve because it is systemically important to the U.S. financial 21 Table of Contents system. Any such designation would result in increased regulatory burdens on our business, which increases our risk profile and may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We and many of our merchants may be subject to Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act prohibiting unfair or deceptive acts or practices. That statement and other laws, rules and or regulations, including the Telemarketing Sales Act, may directly impact the activities of certain of our merchants and, in some cases, may subject us, as the merchant's electronic processor or provider of certain services, to investigations, fees, fines and disgorgement of funds if we were deemed to have improperly aided and abetted or otherwise provided the means and instrumentalities to facilitate the illegal or improper activities of the merchant through our services. Various federal and state regulatory enforcement agencies, including the Federal Trade Commission and state attorneys general, have authority to take action against non-banks that engage in unfair or deceptive practices or violate other laws, rules and regulations and to the extent we are processing payments or providing services for a merchant that may be in violation of laws, rules and regulations, we may be subject to enforcement actions and as a result may incur losses and liabilities that may impact our business. Our business may also be subject to the FCRA, which regulates the use and reporting of consumer credit information and also imposes disclosure requirements on entities that take adverse action based on information obtained from credit reporting agencies. We could be liable if our practices under the FCRA are not in compliance with the FCRA or regulations under it. Separately, the Housing Assistance Tax Act of 2008 included an amendment to the Internal Revenue Code that requires the filing of yearly information returns by payment processing entities and third-party settlement organizations with respect to payments made in settlement of electronic payment transactions and third-party payment network transactions occurring in that calendar year. Transactions that are reportable pursuant to these rules are subject to backup withholding requirements. We could be liable for penalties if our information returns do not comply with these regulations. These and other laws and regulations, even if not directed at us, may require us to make significant efforts to change our products and services and may require that we incur additional compliance costs and change how we price our services to merchants. Implementing new compliance efforts may be difficult because of the complexity of new regulatory requirements and may cause us to devote significant resources to ensure compliance. Furthermore, regulatory actions may cause changes in business practices by us and other industry participants which could affect how we market, price and distribute our products and services, which could limit our ability to grow, reduce our revenues or increase our costs. In addition, even an inadvertent failure to comply with laws and regulations, as well as rapidly evolving social expectations of corporate fairness, could damage our business or our reputation. We may not be able to successfully manage our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims. We rely on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our proprietary technology. Third parties may challenge, circumvent, infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to permit us to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly redesign efforts, discontinuance of service offerings or other competitive harm. Others, including our competitors, may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our services or design around our intellectual property and, in such cases, we could not assert our intellectual property rights against such parties. Further, our contractual arrangements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information or provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of our confidential information. We may have to litigate to enforce or determine the scope and enforceability of our intellectual property rights and know- how, which is expensive, could cause a diversion of resources and may not prove successful. Also, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, aspects of our business and our services rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms or at all. The loss of intellectual property protection or the inability to license or otherwise use third-party intellectual property could harm our business and ability to compete. We may also be subject to costly litigation if our services and technology are alleged to infringe upon or otherwise violate a third party's proprietary rights. Third parties may have, or may eventually be issued, patents that could be infringed by our products, services or technology. Any of these third parties could make a claim of infringement against us with respect to our products, services or technology. We may also be subject to claims by third parties for patent, copyright or trademark 22 Table of Contents infringement, breach of license or violation of other third-party intellectual property rights. Any claim from third parties may result in a limitation on our ability to use the intellectual property subject to these claims. Additionally, in recent years, individuals and groups have been purchasing intellectual property assets for the sole purpose of making claims of infringement or other violations and attempting to extract settlements from companies like ours. Even if we believe that intellectual property related claims are without merit, defending against such claims is time consuming and expensive and could result in the diversion of the time and attention of our management and employees. Claims of intellectual property infringement or violation also might require us to redesign affected products or services, enter into costly settlement or license agreements, pay costly damage awards or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or selling certain of our products or services. Even if we have an agreement for indemnification against such costs, the indemnifying party, if any in such circumstances, may be unable to uphold our contractual obligations. If we cannot or do not license the infringed technology on reasonable terms or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted. Changes in tax laws and regulations could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows from operations. Changes in tax laws in our significant tax jurisdictions could materially increase the amount of taxes we owe, thereby negatively impacting our results of operations as well as our cash flows from operations. For example, restrictions on the deductibility of interest expense in a U.S. jurisdiction without a corresponding reduction in statutory tax rates could negatively impact our effective tax rate, financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the period that such a change occurs and future periods. Our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risks. We operate in a rapidly changing industry. Accordingly, our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective to identify, monitor, manage and remediate our risks. Some of our risk evaluation methods depend upon information provided by others and public information regarding markets, merchants or other matters that are otherwise inaccessible by us. In some cases, that information may not be accurate, complete or up-to-date. Additionally, our risk detection system is subject to a high degree of "false positive" risks being detected, which makes it difficult for us to identify real risks in a timely manner. If our policies and procedures are not fully effective or we are not always successful in capturing all risks to which we are or may be exposed, we may suffer harm to our reputation or be subject to litigation or regulatory actions that materially increase our costs and subject us to reputational damage that could limit our ability to grow and cause us to lose existing merchant clients. The financial services industry continues to be highly regulated and subject to new laws or regulations in many jurisdictions, including the U.S. states in which we operate, which could restrict the products and services we offer, impose additional compliance costs on us, render our current operations unprofitable or even prohibit our current or future operations. We are required to comply with frequently changing federal, state, and local laws and regulations that regulate, among other things, the terms of the financial products and services we offer. New laws or regulations may require us to incur significant expenses to ensure compliance. Federal and state regulators of consumer financial products and services are also enforcing existing laws, regulations, and rules more aggressively, and enhancing their supervisory expectations regarding the management of legal and regulatory compliance risks. For example, State attorneys general have indicated that they will take a more active role in enforcing consumer protection laws, including through the establishment of state consumer protection agencies as well as the use of Dodd-Frank Act provisions that authorize state attorneys general to enforce certain provisions of federal consumer financial laws and obtain civil money penalties and other relief available to the CFPB. The application of traditional federal and state consumer protection statutes and related regulations to innovative products offered by financial technology companies such as us is often uncertain, evolving and unsettled. To the extent that our products are deemed to be subject to any such laws, we could be subject to additional compliance obligations, including state licensing requirements, disclosure requirements and usury or fee limitations, among other things. Application of such requirements and restrictions to our products and services could require us to make significant changes to our business practices (which may increase our operating expenses and/or decrease revenue) and, in the event of retroactive application of such laws, subject us to litigation or enforcement actions that could result in the payment of damages, restitution, monetary penalties, injunctive 23 Table of Contents restrictions, or other sanctions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations. Recently, federal bank regulators have increasingly focused on the risks related to bank and non-bank financial service company partnerships, raising concerns regarding risk management, oversight, internal controls, information security, change management, and information technology operational resilience. This focus is demonstrated by recent regulatory enforcement actions against banks that have allegedly not adequately addressed these concerns while growing their non-bank financial service offerings. Additionally, there are ongoing investigations by federal and state governmental entities concerning a prepaid debit card product program that was offered by the Company through an independent program manager. We could be subject to additional regulatory scrutiny with respect to that portion of our business that could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects of the Company. Further, we may not be able to respond quickly or effectively to regulatory, legislative, and other developments, and these changes may in turn impair our ability to offer our existing or planned features, products, and services and/or increase our cost of doing business. In addition, we expect to continue to launch new products and services in the coming years, which may subject us to additional legal and regulatory requirements under federal, state and local laws and regulations. To the extent the application of these laws or regulations to our new offerings is unclear or evolving, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by federal or state governments and regulators, this may significantly affect or change our proposed business model, increase our operating expenses and hinder or delay our anticipated launch timelines for new products and services. Disruptions or security failures in our information technology systems, including as a result of cybersecurity incidents, could create liability for us and/or limit our ability to effectively monitor, operate and control our operations and adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows. We may face risks related to cybersecurity, such as unauthorized access, cybersecurity attacks and other security incidents, which could adversely affect our business and operations. The Company relies upon operational and information systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, activities and products. Additionally, we collect and store sensitive data, including the personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in data centers and on information systems (including systems that may be controlled or maintained by third parties). The Company’s business, and in particular, the debit card and cash management solutions business and global payments business, is dependent on its ability to process and monitor, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions, many of which are highly complex, across numerous and diverse markets. These transactions, as well as the information technology services provided to clients, often must adhere to client-specific guidelines, as well as legal and regulatory standards. Due to the breadth and geographical reach of the Company’s client base, developing and maintaining its operational and information systems and infrastructure is challenging, particularly as a result of rapidly evolving legal and regulatory requirements and technological shifts. Although the Company continues to take protective measures to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and security of our operational and information systems and infrastructure, the techniques used in cyberattacks are becoming increasingly diverse and sophisticated. For example, the Company’s operational and information systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party providers, may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data (including confidential client information), account takeovers, disruptions of service, computer viruses or other malicious code, cyberattacks and other incidents that could create a cybersecurity event, any of which could remain undetected for an extended period of time. Furthermore, the Company may not be able to ensure that all of its clients, suppliers, counterparties and other third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect themselves from cyberattacks or to protect the confidentiality of the information that they exchange with us, particularly where such information is transmitted by electronic means. Given the increasingly high volume of transactions, certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they can be discovered and rectified. In addition, the increasing reliance on information systems, and the occurrence and potential adverse impact of attacks on such systems, both generally and in the financial services industry, have encouraged increased government and regulatory scrutiny of the measures taken by companies to protect against cybersecurity threats and incidents. As these threats, incidents and government and regulatory oversight of associated risks continue to evolve, the Company may be required to expend additional resources to enhance or expand upon the security measures it currently maintains. Although the Company has developed, and continues to invest in, systems and processes that are designed to detect and prevent security breaches and cyberattacks, a breach of its 24 Table of Contents systems and global payments infrastructure or those of our non-bank financial service partners and processors could result in: losses to the Company and its customers; loss of business and/or customers; damage to its reputation; the incurrence of additional expenses (including the cost of notification to consumers, credit monitoring and forensics, and fees and fines imposed by the card networks); disruption to its business; an inability to grow its online services or other businesses; additional regulatory scrutiny or penalties; and/or exposure to civil litigation and possible financial liability — any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. We have not encountered cybersecurity threats or incidents that have materially and adversely affected, or are reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition; however, the impacts of such threats or incidents in the future may be material. While the Company maintains cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured. For information on our cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance, see Part I, Item 1C., Cybersecurity Risk Related to Our Capital Structure We face risks related to our substantial indebtedness. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and may incur other debt in the future. Our level of debt and the covenants to which we agreed could have negative consequences on us, including, among other things, (i) requiring us to dedicate a large portion of our cash flow from operations to servicing and repayment of the debt; (ii) limiting funds available for strategic initiatives and opportunities, working capital and other general corporate needs and (iii) limiting our ability to incur certain kinds or amounts of additional indebtedness, which could restrict our ability to react to changes in our business, our industry and economic conditions. Substantially all of our indebtedness is variable rate debt, primarily based on SOFR, which replaced LIBOR effective June 30, 2023. As a result of this variable rate debt, an increase in interest rates generally, such as those we have recently experienced, would adversely affect our profitability. We may enter into pay-fixed interest rate swaps or other derivative transactions to limit our exposure to changes in floating interest rates. Such instruments may result in economic losses should interest rates decline to a point lower than our fixed rate commitments. We would be exposed to credit-related losses, which could impact the results of operations in the event of fluctuations in the fair value of the interest rate swaps due to a change in the credit worthiness or non- performance by the counterparties to the interest rate swaps. The credit agreements governing our existing credit facilities and any other debt instruments we may issue in the future will contain restrictive covenants that may impair our ability to conduct business. The credit agreements governing our existing credit facilities contain operating covenants and financial covenants that may limit management's discretion with respect to certain business matters. In addition, any debt instruments we may issue in the future will likely contain similar operating and financial covenants restricting our business. Among other things, these covenants will restrict our ability to: • • • • • • pay dividends, or redeem or purchase equity interests; incur additional debt; incur liens; change the nature of our business; engage in transactions with affiliates; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; • make acquisitions or other investments; and 25 Table of Contents • merge or consolidate with other entities. In addition, the credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility contains a total net leverage ratio financial covenant that is applicable when 35% or more of the revolving credit facility is drawn at quarter end. A breach of any of these covenants (or any other covenant in the documents governing our Credit and Guaranty Agreement) could result in a default or event of default under our Credit and Guaranty Agreement. If an event of default occurred, the applicable lenders or agents could elect to terminate borrowing commitments and declare all borrowings and loans outstanding thereunder, together with accrued and unpaid interest and any fees and other obligations, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, or in the alternative, the applicable lenders or agents could exercise their rights under the security documents entered into in connection with our Credit and Guaranty Agreement. Any acceleration of amounts due under the Credit and Guaranty Agreement would likely have a material adverse effect on us. Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion, and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount, and payment of any future dividends on shares of Common Stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition, and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants of our existing and outstanding indebtedness and may be limited by covenants of any future indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our Common Stock unless you sell our Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it. Mr. Thomas Priore, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, controls the Company, and his interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future. Thomas Priore and his affiliates have the ability to elect all of the members of our Board of Directors and thereby control our policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of our Common Stock or other securities, the payment of dividends, if any, on our Common Stock, the incurrence or modification of debt by us, amendments to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws, and the entering into of extraordinary transactions, and their interests may not in all cases be aligned with your interests. In addition, Thomas Priore may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures, and other transactions that, in his judgment, could enhance his investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you. For example, he could cause us to make acquisitions that increase our indebtedness or cause us to sell revenue-generating assets. Additionally, in certain circumstances, acquisitions of debt at a discount by purchasers that are related to a debtor can give rise to cancellation of indebtedness income to such debtor for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that neither he nor any of his affiliates, or any director who is not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of our officers in both his director and officer capacities) will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. So long as Thomas Priore continues to own a significant amount of our combined voting power, even if such amount is less than 50%, he will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions. Furthermore, so long as Thomas Priore and his respective affiliates collectively own at least 50% of all outstanding shares of our Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, they will be able to appoint individuals to our Board of Directors. In addition, given his level of control, Thomas Priore will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval and will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of the Company or a change in the composition of our Board of Directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of the Company. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of Common Stock as part of a sale of the Company and ultimately might affect the market price of our Common Stock. 26 Table of Contents Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments N/A Item 1C. Cybersecurity Risk management and strategy We recognize the importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of the customers we serve, our business partners, employees and our stockholders and are committed to protecting the confidentiality, integrity and reliance of our business operations and systems. Effective data protection and cyber security practices, including responsible stewardship of our intellectual property and the secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of critical information by us and other third parties with whom we do business is vital to our operations. We have adopted policies and procedures with an intended design to identify, assess and manage risks associated with cybersecurity threats. • We perform risk assessments periodically at both an enterprise level and system level in addition to assessments performed by third parties; • Our information security team performs threat monitoring services; • Our Internal Audit function performs annual reviews of selected systems and applications to test certain controls; • Independent consultants and auditors evaluate selected systems and applications on an annual basis; • We perform risk assessments of third-party vendors and perform ongoing risk-based monitoring of those third parties; and • We maintain a business continuity plan for execution in the event of a cybersecurity incident. We have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents in the past calendar years and the expenses we have incurred from cybersecurity incidents during that time were immaterial. We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats that have materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function. The Board oversees the Company’s overall risk framework including management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. The Board receives reports from the Chief Risk Officer on a regular basis on cybersecurity and information technology risk management. Our Company’s cybersecurity team, overseen by our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for assessing and managing our risks from cybersecurity threats, including defining our security policy and furnishing related information for Board reporting. The CISO approves all security policies and oversees the identification, assessment, and management of security risks. The CISO regularly reports to management’s SOX Committee which may elevate cybersecurity issues to the Board at any time. Item 2. Properties We operate from several offices throughout the U.S. and one office in India, all of which we lease. Our key office locations include: 27 Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • corporate headquarters in Alpharetta, GA; administrative office in Hicksville, NY; administrative office in New York, NY; administrative office in Dallas, TX; administrative office in Houston, TX; administrative office in Chattanooga, TN; administrative office in San Francisco, CA; administrative office in Raleigh, NC; and administrative office in Chandigarh, India. We lease several small facilities for sales and operations. Our current facilities meet the needs of our employee base and can accommodate our currently contemplated growth. Item 3. Legal Proceedings The Company is involved in certain legal proceedings and claims, which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of the Company, based on consultations with inside and outside counsel, the results of any of these ordinary course matters, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. As more information becomes available and we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable on a claim and that the amount of probable loss that we will incur on that claim is reasonably estimable, we will record an accrued expense for the claim in question. If and when we record such an accrual, it could be material and could adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The Company is involved in a case that was filed on October 11, 2023 and is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Complaint”). The Complaint is a putative class action brought by Wyatt Miller d/b/a Hellam’s Tobacco and Wine Shop and Aguilar Auto Repair, LLC against The Credit Wholesale Company, Inc. (“Wholesale”), Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., Priority Payment Systems (“PPS”), LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”). The Complaint alleges that Wholesale is an agent of Priority, PPS and Wells Fargo and that it made non-consensual recordation of telephonic communications with California businesses in violation of California Invasion of Privacy Act (the “Act”). The Complaint seeks to certify a class of affected businesses and an award of $5,000 per violation of the Act. As of March 12, 2024, the outcome of this legal proceeding is not probable nor is there any reasonable estimate of loss. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures N/A 28 Table of Contents PART II. Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information On July 25, 2018, our Common Stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "PRTH". As of March 7, 2024, we had 69 holders of record of our Common Stock. This figure does not include the number of persons whose securities are held in nominee or "street" name accounts through brokers. We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying in the foreseeable future, any cash dividends on our Common Stock. Equity Compensation Plan Information Period Equity Compensation Plans approved by security holders Equity Compensation Plans not approved by security holders Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, (1) warrants and rights Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, (2) warrants and rights Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column) 400,365 $ — $ 6.870 — 3,547,798 — (1) (2) Represents stock options and RSUs outstanding under the Company's 2018 Plan. The weighted-average exercise price set forth in this column is calculated for stock options outstanding and excludes outstanding RSU awards, since recipients are not required to pay an exercise price to receive the shares related to these awards. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds None. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities The following table presents information with respect to purchases made by the Company of its Common Stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023 (shares are in whole units): Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid per Share 38,817 $ 11,923 $ 17,343 $ 68,083 4.35 3.53 3.56 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs — — — — Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 690,626 690,626 690,626 Includes shares withheld to satisfy employees' tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards. The number of shares withheld was determined based on the fair market value on the vesting date. Period October 1-31, 2023 November 1-30, 2023 December 1-31, 2023 Total (1) Item 6. Reserved 29 Table of Contents Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our audited financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Discussions of 2021 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 are not included in this Form 10-K, and can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Certain amounts in this section may not add mathematically due to rounding. For a description and additional information about our three reportable segments, see Note 18. Segment Information, contained in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Results of Operations This section includes certain components of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 (or "2023"), December 31, 2022 (or "2022"). We have derived this data, except key indicators including merchant bankcard processing dollar values and transaction volumes (SMB Payments), issuing dollar volume and transaction count (B2B Payments), and average billed clients and new enrollments (Enterprise Payments), from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Revenue For the year ended December 31, 2023, our consolidated revenue of $755.6 million increased by $92.0 million, or 13.9%, from $663.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This overall increase was driven by increases in merchant card fee rates and equipment revenue, offset by a decrease in certain fee-based revenue, a true up of an invoice from one of the partner banks for certain services provided in Q1 2022 and a decline in processed merchant bankcard dollar value due to diversification of merchant portfolio by one of the referral partners in our SMB Payments segment, an increase in new enrollments and higher interest income in our Enterprise Payments segment and an increase in revenue from the Plastiq business acquired during the year offset by a decrease in revenue in B2B Payments segment due to the wind down of certain managed services programs in Q4 2022. Revenues by type for 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) Revenue Type: Merchant card fees Money transmission services Outsourced services and other services Equipment Total revenues Merchant Card Fees Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ 595,205 98,137 49,600 12,670 755,612 $ $ 553,037 71,536 29,627 9,441 663,641 $ $ 42,168 26,601 19,973 3,229 91,971 For the year ended December 31, 2023, our merchant card fees revenue of $595.2 million increased by $42.2 million, or 7.6%, from $553.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily driven by revenue from the Plastiq business that was acquired during the year and merchant card fee rate increases. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in certain fee-based revenue, a true up of an invoice from one of the partner banks for certain services provided in Q1 2022 and a decline in processed merchant bankcard dollar value due to the diversification of processor services by one of the referral partners. 30 Table of Contents Money Transmission Services Money transmission services revenue of $98.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $26.6 million or 37.2%, from $71.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and is primarily driven by an increase in customer enrollments. Outsourced Services and Other Services Outsourced services and other services revenue of $49.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $20.0 million, or 67.4%, from $29.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to growth in interest income due to higher interest rates and deposit balances, and additional revenues generated by our Passport platform, offset by decreased managed services revenue due to wind down of certain programs in Q4 2022. Equipment Equipment revenue of $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased by $3.3 million, or 34.2%, from $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to increased sales of point-of-sale equipment. Operating Expenses Operating expenses for 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) Operating expenses Cost of services (excludes depreciation and amortization) Salary and employee benefits Depreciation and amortization Selling, general and administrative Total operating expenses Costs of Services (excludes depreciation and amortization) Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ 480,307 79,974 68,395 45,412 674,088 $ $ 436,753 65,077 70,681 34,965 607,476 $ $ 43,554 14,897 (2,286) 10,447 66,612 Costs of services (excludes depreciation and amortization) of $480.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $43.6 million, or 10.0%, from $436.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the corresponding increase in revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2023, costs of services (excluding depreciation and amortization) as a percentage of total revenues decreased to 63.6% as compared to 65.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to the increase in interest and money transmission revenues which do not have significant cost of services. Salary and employee benefits Salary and employee benefits expense of $80.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $14.9 million, or 22.9%, from $65.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to higher wages, an increase in stock-based compensation and increased headcount from acquisitions and to support overall growth of the Company. The Company's employee headcount increased to 983 in 2023 from 870 in 2022. Depreciation and amortization expense Depreciation and amortization expense of $68.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $2.3 million, or 3.2%, from $70.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to full amortization of certain intangible assets partially offset by the depreciation of new assets placed in service. 31 Table of Contents Selling, general and administrative Selling, general and administrative expenses of $45.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $10.4 million, or 29.9%, from $35.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to certain nonrecurring expenses and other expenses to support overall growth of the Company. Nonrecurring expenses for the year primarily include PayRight restructuring costs of $3.5 million, expenses related to the acquisition of the Plastiq business of $1.7 million and certain legal and other costs of $3.0 million. Other (Expenses) Income, net (in thousands) Other (expense) income Interest expense Other income, net Total other expenses, net Interest expense Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ (76,108) 1,736 (74,372) $ $ (53,554) 589 (52,965) $ $ (22,554) 1,147 (21,407) Interest expense of $76.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $22.5 million, or 42.1%, from $53.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to increased interest rates and higher debt balances to fund the acquisition of Plastiq in the third fiscal quarter of 2023. Other income, net of $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased by $1.1 million, or 194.7%, from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to increased interest income from the Company's operating accounts. Income tax expense (in thousands) Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax expense Effective tax rate Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ 7,152 8,463 118.3 % $ $ 3,200 5,350 167.2 % $ $ 3,952 3,113 The decrease in the effective tax rate from 2022 to 2023 is primarily due to a reduction in the amount of additional valuation allowance recorded against certain business interest carryover deferred tax assets. Our consolidated effective income tax rates differ from the statutory rate due to timing and permanent differences between amounts calculated under GAAP and the U.S. tax code. The consolidated effective income tax rate for 2023 may not be indicative of our effective tax rate for future periods. On August 16, 2022, the U.S. government enacted the IRA into law. The IRA, among other provisions, implements a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax based on global adjusted financial statement income and a 1% excise tax on share repurchases, which took effect for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA did not have a material effect on our reported results, cash flows, or financial position during 2023. If applicable in future periods, we expect to reflect the excise tax within equity as part of the repurchase price of Common Stock. 32 Table of Contents Earnings Attributable to Common Shareholders (in thousands) Net income (loss) Less: Dividends and accretion attributable to redeemable senior preferred stockholders Net loss attributable to common stockholders Years Ended December 31, 2023 (1,311) (47,744) (49,055) $ $ 2022 (2,150) (36,880) (39,030) $ $ $ $ 2023 vs 2022 $ Change 839 (10,864) (10,025) Dividends and accretion attributable to redeemable senior preferred stockholders was $47.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and was comprised of $18.0 million of accumulated dividends accrued as part of the carrying value of the redeemable senior preferred stock, $26.4 million of cash dividends, and $3.3 million related to accretion of discounts and issuance costs. The increase in dividends and accretion from 2022 to 2023 is due to an increase in the dividend rate for 2023 resulting from an increase in variable interest rates during the year and increase in carrying value of redeemable senior preferred stocks (as a result of accumulated accrued dividend). Segment Results SMB Payments (in thousands) Revenue Operating expenses Operating income Operating margin Depreciation and amortization Key Indicators: Merchant bankcard processing dollar value Merchant bankcard transaction volume Revenue Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ $ $ 582,870 536,388 46,482 8.0 % 41,036 59,054,039 696,203 $ $ $ $ 562,237 507,371 54,866 9.8 % 43,925 59,440,491 636,576 $ $ $ $ 20,633 29,017 (8,384) (2,889) (386,452) 59,627 Revenue from our SMB Payments segment was $582.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $562.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $20.6 million, or 3.7%, was primarily driven by merchant card fee rate increases, equipment revenue, and accrual of certain incentives, offset by a decrease in certain fee-based revenue, a true up of an invoice from one of the partner banks for certain services provided in Q1 2022 and a decline in processed merchant bankcard volume due to the diversification of processor services by one of its referral partners. The Company's merchant card fee revenue from the SMB Payments segment ($563.9 million for 2023 and $549.6 million for 2022) as a percentage of merchant bankcard processing dollar value during 2023 increased to 0.95% from 0.92% during 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in incentive revenue and changes in the merchant mix. Operating Income Operating income from our SMB Payments segment was $46.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $54.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $8.4 million, or 15.3%, is due to a higher mix of volume growth from larger reseller partners with higher commissions of $3.2 million and an increase in other operating expenses. Increase in other operating expenses include a $5.7 million increase in salary and employee benefits due to higher headcount and stock-based compensation and a $2.3 million increase in selling, general and administrative expenses driven by higher travel and other operating costs which was offset by a decrease of $2.8 million in depreciation and amortization for assets fully depreciated and amortized in the prior year. 33 Table of Contents Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense of our SMB Payments segment was $41.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $43.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $2.9 million or 6.6% is due to full amortization of certain intangible assets. B2B Payments (in thousands) Revenue Operating expenses Operating (loss) income Operating margin Depreciation and amortization Key Indicators: B2B issuing dollar volume B2B issuing transaction count Revenue Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ $ $ 40,726 43,261 (2,535) (6.2)% 2,221 851,948 1,087 $ $ $ $ 18,890 18,682 208 1.1 % 744 814,964 933 $ $ $ $ 21,836 24,579 (2,743) 1,477 36,984 154 Revenue from our B2B Payments segment was $40.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $18.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $21.8 million, or 115.6%, was primarily driven by an increase of $27.4 million in the Plastiq business and an increase of $1.7 million in the CPX business due to increased volumes. This increase was offset by a decrease of $7.3 million driven by the wind down of certain customer programs in the managed services business during Q4 2022. Operating Loss Operating loss from our B2B Payments segment was $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to operating income of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This is primarily due to certain provisions for doubtful accounts in the CPX business, transaction bonuses in the Plastiq business, and loss of operating income from the managed services business. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization from our B2B Payments segment was $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $0.7 million depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily due to assets acquired from the acquisition of the Plastiq business in the 3rd quarter of 2023. 34 Table of Contents Enterprise Payments (in thousands) Revenue Operating expenses Operating income Operating margin Depreciation and amortization Key Indicators: Average billed clients Average monthly new enrollments Revenue Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2023 vs 2022 $ Change $ $ $ $ 132,016 58,052 73,964 56.0 % 23,753 556,526 51,059 $ $ $ $ 82,514 51,577 30,937 37.5 % 24,892 379,725 32,013 $ $ $ $ 49,502 6,475 43,027 (1,139) 176,801 19,046 Revenue from our Enterprise Payments segment was $132.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $82.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $49.5 million, or 60.0%, was primarily driven by an increase in customer enrollments, additional revenues generated by our Passport BaaS platform, and growth in interest income due to higher deposit balances and higher returns on the permissible investments related to our money transmission licenses. Operating Income Operating income from our Enterprise Payments segment was $74.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $30.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $43.1 million, or 139.1%, was primarily driven by the increase in revenue. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense from our Enterprise Payments segment was $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $24.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $1.1 million, or 4.6%, was primarily driven by full amortization of certain intangible assets in the prior year offset by depreciation expense on assets placed in service during the year. Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity and capital resource management is a process focused on providing the funding we need to meet our short-term and long-term cash and working capital needs. We have used our funding sources to build our merchant portfolio, for technology solutions and to make acquisitions with the expectation that such investments will generate cash flows sufficient to cover our working capital needs and other anticipated needs, including for our acquisition strategy. We anticipate that cash on hand, funds generated from operations and available borrowings under our revolving credit agreement are sufficient to meet our working capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. This is based upon management's estimates and assumptions regarding effects of micro and macro factors impacting the economic environment in which the Company operates on our financial results. Actual future results could differ materially, as the magnitude, duration and effects of changes in economic, political and market conditions are difficult to predict, and ultimately could negatively impact our liquidity and capital resources. Our principal uses of cash are to fund business operations (including capital expenditures and strategic investments) and administrative costs, and to service our debt. Our working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, was $29.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $22.5 million at December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents with a balance of $39.6 million compared to $18.5 million at December 31, 2022. These cash and cash equivalent balances do not include restricted cash of $11.9 million and $10.6 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which reflects cash accounts holding customer 35 Table of Contents settlement funds and cash reserves for potential losses. The current portion of long-term debt included in current liabilities was $6.7 million and $6.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023, we had availability of approximately $65.0 million under our revolving credit arrangement. The following tables and narrative reflect our changes in cash flows for the comparative annual periods. (in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Net increase in cash and restricted cash Cash Provided by Operating Activities Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ 81,256 $ (55,748) 210,105 235,613 $ 70,518 (36,503) 8,502 42,517 Net cash provided by operating activities was $81.3 million and $70.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $10.8 million, or 15.2% increase in 2023 was driven by changes in the operating assets and liabilities. Cash Used in Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was $55.7 million compared to cash used investing activities of $36.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net cash used to acquire businesses in 2023 was $28.2 million compared to net cash used of $5.0 million in 2022. Additions to property, equipment and software was $21.3 million for 2023 compared to $18.9 million in 2022 and acquisitions of intangible assets was $6.6 million compared to $8.0 million in 2022. Net payments received of $0.4 million on loans to ISOs for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4.7 million related to the funding of new loans to ISOs in 2022. Cash Provided by Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $210.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The net cash provided by for 2023 included changes in the net obligations for funds held on the behalf of customers of $211.1 million, $49.8 million related to proceeds from the increase of the Term Facility and $44.0 million related to additional borrowings under the revolving credit facility. This was offset by $56.5 million of cash used for the repayment of borrowings under the revolving credit facility, $6.3 million of cash used for the repayment of the Term Facility, $24.7 million of cash dividends paid to redeemable senior preferred stockholders, $1.3 million of cash used for shares withheld for taxes, $4.7 million of payments of contingent consideration for business combinations and $1.2 million for debt issuance and modification costs paid related to the modification of the Term Facility and the revolving credit facility. The net cash provided by financing activities for 2022 included borrowings from the revolving credit facility of $29.5 million and changes in the net obligations for funds held on the behalf of customers of $43.1 million. These cash inflows were offset by cash used for the repayment of debt of $38.2 million, cash used for the repurchase of Common Stock of $7.5 million, dividends paid to redeemable senior preferred stockholders of $11.5 million and $7.0 million of payments of contingent consideration for business combinations. Long-Term Debt For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had outstanding debt obligations, including the current portion and net of unamortized debt discount of $638.7 million, compared to $605.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, resulting in an increase of $33.6 million. The debt balance for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of funds outstanding under the term facility, offset by $15.7 million of unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs. There were no funds outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2023. Minimum amortization of the term facility are equal quarterly 36 Table of Contents installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1.0% of the original principal, with the balance paid upon maturity. The term facility matures in April 2027 and the revolving credit facility expires in April 2026. On June 30, 2023, the Credit Agreement of the Company was amended to incorporate the following: • Reference rate: The reference rate for the calculation of interest on the Company’s term loan and revolving credit facility was amended from LIBOR to SOFR effective June 30, 2023. Per the amended terms, the outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement interest will accrue using the SOFR rate plus a term SOFR adjustment plus an applicable margin per year, subject to a SOFR floor of 1.00% per year. The applicable interest rate as of December 31, 2023, for the revolving credit facility based on one-month SOFR was 10.20% and for the term facility based on one-month SOFR was 11.21%. • Increase in the revolving credit facility: The amendments also resulted in an increase in the Company’s revolving credit facility from $40.0 million to $65.0 million. On October 2, 2023, the Company modified its existing Term Facility Credit agreement with Truist. The agreement increased the principal balance by $50.0 million and increased the quarterly principal amortization payment from $1.6 million to $1.7 million. There were no other significant modifications to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, financial and collateral requirements, mandatory payment events, events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including without limitation, covenants that restrict among other things, the ability to create liens, pay dividends or distribute assets from the loan parties to the Company, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions (including with affiliates) and to enter into certain leases. If the aggregate principal amount of outstanding revolving loans and letters of credit under the Credit Agreement exceeds 35% of the total revolving facility thereunder, the loan parties are required to comply with certain restrictions on its Total Net Leverage Ratio, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as the ratio of consolidated total debt less unrestricted cash to consolidated adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). If applicable, the maximum permitted Total Net Leverage Ratio is: 1) 6.50:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 through June 30, 2022; 2) 6.00:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2022 through June 30, 2023; and 3) 5.50:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 each fiscal quarter thereafter. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreement. Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on the weight of available evidence, including expected future earnings. We recognize an uncertain tax position in our financial statements when we conclude that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. Only after a tax position passes the first step of recognition will measurement be required. Under the measurement step, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of 37 Table of Contents benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon effective settlement. This is determined on a cumulative probability basis. The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. Interest and penalties related to income taxes are recognized in the provision for income taxes. Goodwill and Long-lived Assets We test goodwill for impairment for each of our reporting units on an annual basis on October 1 or when events occur, or circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. We perform the annual assessment using the qualitative method. Where deemed appropriate, we may perform a quantitative assessment that uses market data and discounted cash flow analysis, which involve estimates of future revenues and operating cash flows. Changes in these estimates and assumptions or a significant decrease in earnings could materially affect the fair value of goodwill and could result in a goodwill impairment charge. The annual impairment assessment for goodwill does not change our requirements to assess goodwill on an interim date between scheduled annual testing dates if triggering events are present. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, except goodwill, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the unamortized balance of the asset group. We amortize the cost of our acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives using either a straight-line or an accelerated method that most accurately reflects the estimated pattern in which the economic benefit of the respective asset is consumed. Business Combinations We allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. For acquisitions that include contingent consideration, we estimate the fair value of contingent consideration at the acquisition date. The estimated fair value of contingent consideration is updated in future periods based on information available at that time. Management uses all available information when estimating the fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and contingent consideration, and must apply judgement and make certain assumptions when making these estimates. The assumptions management uses when determining fair values include estimated future cash flows or income, market rate assumptions, actuarial assumptions and discount rate assumptions. We typically engage third-party valuation advisors to assist in estimating the fair values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions the Company believes to be reasonable, but that are inherently uncertain, and therefore, may not be realized. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the estimates, assumptions and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could differ materially. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest rate risk Our debt facilities under our Credit Agreement bear interest at either a base rate or a SOFR rate plus an applicable margin per year, subject to a SOFR rate floor of 1.00% per year. As of December 31, 2023, we had $654.4 million in outstanding borrowings under our Credit Agreement. Ignoring the 1.00% SOFR floor, a hypothetical 1.00% increase or decrease in the applicable SOFR rate on our outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Agreement would increase or decrease cash interest expense on our indebtedness by approximately $6.7 million per year. We do not currently hedge against interest rate risk. 38 Table of Contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit and Non-Controlling Interests for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements: 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies 2. Acquisitions 3. Revenues 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations 5. Notes Receivable 6. Property, Equipment and Software 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 8. Leases 9. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses 10. Debt Obligations 11. Redeemable Senior Preferred Stock and Warrants 12. Income Taxes 13. Stockholders' Deficit 14. Stock-based Compensation 15. Employee Benefit Plans 16. Commitments and Contingencies 17. Fair Value 18. Segment Information 19. (Loss) Earnings per Common Share 20. Subsequent Events 39 Page 40 43 44 45 47 49 49 62 66 68 69 70 71 73 74 75 77 80 82 83 86 86 88 89 90 91 Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' deficit and non-controlling interests and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. 40 Table of Contents Accounting for Plastiq Description of the Matter As more fully described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed its acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Plastiq, including the equity interests in Plastiq Canada, Inc. The purchase was completed on July 31, 2023 for total consideration of $37.0 million including $28.5 million in cash and the remaining consideration is in the nature of deferred or contingent consideration and certain equity interest in Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company’s accounting for the acquisition included determining the fair value of contingent consideration payments in addition to intangible assets acquired of $30.5 million, which primarily included customer relationships, referral partner relationships, tradename, and developed technology. Auditing the Company’s accounting for the acquisition was complex due to the significant estimation uncertainty in determining the fair values of the contingent consideration payments as well as the fair value of the acquired intangible assets. The significant estimation was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to the future performance of the acquired business. The significant underlying assumptions used to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration payments and intangible assets, included revenue and operating margin growth rates and prospective free cash flow from the operations of the acquired business, weighted average cost of capital, and royalty rate assumptions, as applicable. These assumptions relate to the future performance of the acquired business are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Description of the Matter As more fully described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed its acquisition of Plastiq, Inc. during the year ended December 31, 2023 for total consideration of $37.0 million including $28.5 million in cash and the remaining consideration of $8.5 million was in the form of deferred or contingent consideration and certain equity interest in the acquiring entity. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The Company’s accounting for the acquisition included determining the fair value of contingent consideration payments in addition to intangible assets acquired of $30 million, which primarily included customer relationships, referral partner relationships, tradename, and developed technology. Auditing the Company’s accounting for the acquisition was complex due to the significant estimation uncertainty in determining the fair values of the contingent consideration payments as well as the fair value of the acquired intangible assets. The significant estimation was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to the future performance of the acquired business. The significant underlying assumptions used to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration payments and intangible assets, included revenue and operating margin growth rates and prospective free cash flow from the operations of the acquired entity, weighted average cost of capital, and royalty rate assumptions, as applicable. These assumptions relate to the future performance of the acquired business are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit To test the fair value of the contingent consideration payments and intangible assets identified, our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the Company’s use of income approach and Monte Carlo simulation, as applicable, evaluating the significant assumptions, and evaluating the completeness and accuracy of underlying data supporting the significant assumptions. We involved our specialist to assist with our evaluation of the methodologies used by management’s expert and significant assumptions used in the valuation of the contingent consideration payments and intangible assets identified. For example, we compared the significant assumptions to current industry, market and economic trends, as well as historical results of the acquired businesses. We performed sensitivity analyses of the significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value resulting from changes in the assumptions. We also evaluated the appropriateness of the Company’s disclosures included in Note 2 in relation to the acquisition. Accrued Residual Commissions and Residual Commission Expenses Description of the Matter Accrued residual commissions recorded by the Company and included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet were $33.0 million at December 31, 2023, and residual commission expenses included within costs of services on the Consolidated Statement of Operations were $415.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company accrues and pays commission expense for certain customer services and other services provided by its independent sales organizations (ISOs). Commissions are based on a percentage of the net revenues generated from the Company’s merchant customers, and these percentages vary based on the program type and transaction volume of each merchant. Auditing residual commissions was complex due to the non-standard nature of the pricing terms within the ISO contracts, the volume of contracts, the volume of transactions processed each month, and the degree of auditor judgment needed to design the nature and extent of audit procedures to obtain sufficient audit evidence. 41 Table of Contents How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit To test accrued residual commissions and residual commission expenses, our audit procedures included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the commission calculations and the accuracy of the calculations. We selected a sample of monthly ISO payments and, for each sample item, we compared the pricing terms included in the calculation to the respective ISO contract or other source documents, recalculated the related expense and accrual, and agreed the commission payment to evidence of cash disbursement. Additionally, for these monthly ISO payments, we selected a sample of merchant customers, obtained their monthly processing statements, which were generated by the Company’s third-party processors, and agreed the monthly payment volumes to the commission calculations. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020. Atlanta, Georgia March 12, 2024 42 Table of Contents Assets Current assets: Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share data) Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $5,289 and $1,143, respectively Prepaid expenses and other current assets Current portion of notes receivable, net of allowances of $0 and $0, respectively Settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances Total current assets Notes receivable, less current portion Property, equipment and software, net Goodwill Intangible assets, net Deferred income taxes, net Other noncurrent assets Total assets Liabilities, Redeemable Senior Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued residual commissions Customer deposits and advance payments Current portion of long-term debt Settlement and customer/subscriber account obligations Total current liabilities Long-term debt, net of current portion, discounts and debt issuance costs Other noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) Redeemable senior preferred stock, net of discounts and issuance costs: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ $ 39,604 $ 11,923 58,551 13,273 1,468 756,475 881,294 3,728 44,680 376,103 273,350 22,533 13,649 1,615,337 $ 52,643 $ 33,025 3,934 6,712 755,754 852,068 631,965 18,763 1,502,796 18,454 10,582 78,113 11,832 1,471 532,018 652,470 3,191 34,687 369,337 288,794 16,447 8,437 1,373,363 51,864 35,979 2,618 6,200 533,340 630,001 598,926 11,643 1,240,570 Redeemable senior preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 250,000 shares authorized; 225,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 258,605 235,579 Stockholders' deficit: Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 79,589,055 and 78,385,685 shares issued at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively; and 76,956,889 and 76,044,629 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Treasury stock at cost, 2,632,166 and 2,341,056 shares at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive income Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' deficit attributable to stockholders of PRTH Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries Total stockholders' deficit Total liabilities, redeemable senior preferred stock and stockholders' deficit $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — 77 (12,815) — (29) (134,951) (147,718) 1,654 (146,064) 1,615,337 $ — 76 (11,559) 9,650 — (102,208) (104,041) 1,255 (102,786) 1,373,363 43 Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenues Operating expenses Costs of services (excludes depreciation and amortization) Salary and employee benefits Depreciation and amortization Selling, general and administrative Total operating expenses Operating income Other (expense) income Interest expense Debt extinguishment and modification costs Gain on sale of business and investment Other income, net Total other (expense) income, net Income (loss) before income taxes Income tax expense (benefit) Net (loss) income Less: Dividends and accretion attributable to redeemable senior preferred stockholders Less: NCI preferred unit redemptions, net of deferred tax benefit Net loss attributable to common stockholders Other comprehensive loss Foreign currency translation adjustments Comprehensive loss Loss per common share: Basic Diluted Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ 755,612 $ 663,641 $ 514,901 480,307 79,974 68,395 45,412 674,088 81,524 (76,108) — — 1,736 (74,372) 7,152 8,463 (1,311) (47,744) — (49,055) 436,753 65,077 70,681 34,965 607,476 56,165 (53,554) — — 589 (52,965) 3,200 5,350 (2,150) (36,880) — (39,030) $ $ $ (29) (49,084) $ — (39,030) $ (0.63) (0.63) $ $ (0.50) $ (0.50) $ 78,333 78,333 78,233 78,233 359,885 43,818 49,697 28,408 481,808 33,093 (36,485) (8,322) 7,643 202 (36,962) (3,869) (5,258) 1,389 (18,009) (8,021) (24,641) — (24,641) (0.34) (0.34) 71,902 71,902 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 44 Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit and Non-Controlling Interests (in thousands) January 1, 2021 Equity-classified stock-based compensation Vesting of stock-based compensation Liability-classified stock-based compensation converted to equity-classified Issuance of Common Stock Exercise of stock options Fair value of NCI preferred units redemption, net of deferred tax benefit Fair value of common shares issued for NCI redemption Share repurchases and shares withheld of taxes Warrants issued Dividends on redeemable senior preferred stock Accretion of unamortized issuance costs for redeemable senior preferred stock Change in estimate of tax basis differences Net income December 31, 2021 Equity-classified stock-based compensation Vesting of stock-based compensation Issuance of profit interests in wholly-owned subsidiaries Share repurchases Dividends on redeemable senior preferred stock Accretion of unamortized issuance costs for redeemable senior preferred stock Net loss Shares 67,391 $ — 465 — 7,551 174 — 1,428 (269) — — — — — 76,740 $ — 925 — (1,621) — — — Common Stock Treasury Stock $ Shares $ APIC AOCI Deficit Attributable to Stockholders NCIs Accumulated Deficit Total 68 — — — 7 — — 2 — — — — — — 77 — 1 — (2) — — — 451 $ (2,388) $ — — — — 5,769 $ — $ (102,013) $ 2,888 — — — — — (98,564) $ — $ (98,564) 2,888 — 2,888 — — — — — — — — 269 — — — — — — — — (1,703) — — 313 34,381 1,195 (8,021) 9,962 — 11,357 (16,164) — (1,845) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 313 34,388 1,195 (8,021) 9,964 (1,703) 11,357 (16,164) (1,845) — — — — — — — — — 313 34,388 1,195 (8,021) 9,964 (1,703) 11,357 (16,164) (1,845) — — — — — — 720 $ (4,091) $ 39,835 $ — $ (100,058) $ — — 566 1,389 6,695 — — — — — — — — — — — 566 1,389 566 1,389 (64,237) $ — $ (64,237) 6,695 1 6,695 1 — — — — — 1,621 — (7,468) — — (33,594) — — — — (3,286) — — — — — — — — — — (2,150) — 1,255 1,255 (7,470) (33,594) (3,286) (2,150) — — — — (7,470) (33,594) (3,286) (2,150) 45 Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit and Non-Controlling Interests (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Equity-classified stock-based compensation ESPP compensation and vesting of stock-based compensation Shares withheld for taxes Dividends on redeemable senior preferred stock Accretion of redeemable senior preferred stock Adjustments to NCI Issuance of profit interests/common equity in subsidiaries Foreign currency translation adjustment Reclassification of negative additional paid-in capital Net loss December 31, 2023 Treasury Stock Common Stock Shares 76,044 $ — 76 — $ $ Accumulated Shares Deficit 2,341 $(11,559) $ 9,650 $ — $ (102,208) $ (104,041) $ 1,255 $ (102,786) 6,480 Stockholders NCIs APIC AOCI 6,480 6,480 Total — — — — — Deficit Attributable to — — — — — — (29) — — — — — — — — (31,432) 183 — 183 (1,256) (44,404) (3,340) — — (29) — — — — (403) 802 — — (1,256) (44,404) (3,340) (403) 802 (29) — — (1,311) (1,311) (29) $ (134,951) $ (147,718) $ 1,654 $ (146,064) (1,311) — 1,204 (291) — — — — — — — 76,957 $ 1 — — — — — — — — 77 — 291 — — — — — — — — 182 (1,256) — — (44,404) (3,340) — — — — — — — — 31,432 — — 2,632 $(12,815) $ — $ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 46 Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: Gain and transaction costs recognized on sale of business and investment Depreciation and amortization of assets Stock-based, ESPP and incentive units compensation Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts Write-off of deferred loan costs and discount Deferred income tax Change in contingent consideration PIK interest (paid) Other non-cash items, net Change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Income taxes (receivable) payable Notes receivable Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities Customer deposits and advance payments Other assets and liabilities, net Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of business and investment Additions to property, equipment and software Notes receivable, net Acquisitions of assets and other investing activities Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issue discount Debt issuance and modification costs paid Repayments of long-term debt Borrowings under revolving credit facility Repayments of borrowings under revolving credit facility Proceeds from the issuance of redeemable senior preferred stock, net of discount Redeemable senior preferred stock issuance fees and costs Repurchases of Common Stock and shares withheld for taxes Dividends paid to redeemable senior preferred stockholders Profit distributions to redeemable NCIs of subsidiaries Proceeds from exercise of stock options Settlement and customer/subscriber accounts obligations, net Payment of contingent consideration related to business combination 47 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ (1,311) $ (2,150) $ 1,389 — 68,395 6,769 3,849 — (6,086) (1,639) — (3,924) 24,471 (936) (273) (912) (3,218) 1,102 (5,031) 81,256 (28,222) — (21,256) 376 (6,646) (55,748) 49,750 (1,220) (6,328) 44,000 (56,500) — — (1,256) (24,718) — — 211,077 (4,700) — 70,681 6,228 3,521 — (8,183) 2,059 — 74 (19,580) (160) 6,260 377 19,794 (2,403) (6,000) 70,518 (4,976) — (18,882) (4,662) (7,983) (36,503) — — (6,200) 29,500 (32,000) — — (7,468) (11,459) — — 43,143 (7,014) (7,643) 49,697 3,213 2,305 2,580 (2,559) — (23,715) 462 (16,694) (1,597) (5,107) 333 7,018 2,138 (2,443) 9,377 (407,129) 15,278 (9,719) — (49,463) (451,033) 607,318 (9,073) (361,425) 30,000 (15,000) 219,062 (8,098) (1,703) (7,460) (815) 1,196 417,627 — Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Net cash provided by financing activities Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash: Net increase in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Cash and cash equivalents included in settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances (see Note 4) Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash Supplemental cash flow information: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds Non-cash investing and financing activities: Cash portion of dividend payable and ticking fee for redeemable senior preferred stock Contingent consideration accrual Adjustment to value of profit interest unit Issuance of NCI Measurement period adjustment to purchase price Notes receivable from sellers used as partial consideration for acquisitions Forfeiture of liability-classified award Change in ESPP liability Non-cash additions to other noncurrent assets for right-of-use operating leases (1) Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 210,105 8,502 871,629 235,613 560,610 796,223 $ 42,517 518,093 560,610 $ 39,604 $ 11,923 18,454 $ 10,582 744,696 796,223 $ 531,574 560,610 $ 75,859 $ 12,917 $ (7,027) $ 5,951 $ (404) $ 184 $ 111 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,520 $ 46,907 $ 6,744 $ (5,341) $ 6,079 $ — $ 1,255 $ — $ — $ 325 $ 143 $ 1,722 $ 429,973 88,120 518,093 20,300 28,859 468,934 518,093 26,056 2,212 — 3,000 — — — 3,499 — — 234 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) The dividend payable for year ended December 31, 2023, was paid on January 2, 2024. The dividend payable for year ended December 31, 2022, was paid on January 2, 2023. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 48 Table of Contents Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies The Business Headquartered in Alpharetta, GA, the Company began operations in 2005 with a mission to build a merchant-inspired payments platform that would advance the goals of its customers and partners. Our approach leverages a single platform to collect, store, lend and send money that operates at scale. Our technology supports high-value payments products complemented by our personalized support. We are a leading provider to businesses, enterprises and distribution partners such as retail ISOs, FIs, wholesale ISOs and ISVs. The Company operates from a purpose-built business platform that includes tailored customer service offerings and bespoke technology development, allowing the Company to provide end-to-end solutions for payment and payment-adjacent needs. The Company provides: • • • SMB payments processing solutions for B2C transactions through ISOs, FIs, ISVs and other referral partners. Our proprietary MX platform for B2C payments provides merchants a fully customizable suite of business management solutions. We enable customers to accept card, electronic and digital-based payments at the point of sale by providing a suite of services. B2B payments solutions such as automated vendor payments and professionally curated managed services to industry leading FIs and networks. Our proprietary B2B CPX platform was developed to be a best-in-class solution for buyer/supplier payment enablement. Our Plastiq payables management software helps businesses improve cash flow with instant access to working capital, while automating and enabling control over all aspects of accounts receivable and payable. Enterprise payments solutions for ISVs and other third parties that allow them to leverage the Company's core payments engine via robust API resources and high-utility embeddable code and consulting and development solutions focused on the increasing demand for integrated payments solutions for transitioning to the digital economy. Our BaaS features transaction monitoring, draft authorization audits, fee collection practice monitoring, and other services. The Company provides its services through three reportable segments: 1) SMB Payments; 2) B2B Payments; and 3) Enterprise Payments. For additional information about our reportable segments, see Note 18. Segment Information. To provide many of its services, the Company enters into agreements with payment processors which in turn, have agreements with multiple card associations. These card associations comprise an alliance aligned with insured FIs ("member banks") that work in conjunction with various local, state, territory and federal government agencies to make the rules and guidelines regarding the use and acceptance of credit and the card associations. The Company has multiple sponsorship bank agreements and is itself a registered ISO with Visa. The Company is also a registered member service provider with Mastercard. The Company's sponsorship agreements allow the capture and processing of electronic data in a format to allow such data to flow through networks for clearing and fund settlement of merchant transactions. The Company also offers money transmission services in 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. The Company generally utilizes the equity method of accounting when it has an ownership interest of between 20% and 50% in an entity, provided the Company is able to exercise significant influence over the investee's operations. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. NCI represents the equity interest not owned by the Company and are recorded for consolidated entities in which the Company owns less than 100% of the interests. Changes in the Company's ownership interest while the Company retains its controlling 49 Table of Contents interest are accounted for as equity transactions, and upon loss of control, retained ownership interests are remeasured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. For 2023, there was no income or loss attributable to NCI in accordance with the applicable operating agreements. The results for the year ended December 31, 2023, include the post-acquisition results of the Plastiq business which was acquired through Chapter 11 bankruptcy process on July 31, 2023. Use of Estimates The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition The Company applies the five-step model to assess its contracts with customers. At contract inception, the Company assesses the services and goods promised in its contracts with customers and identifies the performance obligation for each promise to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a service or good to the customer in an amount to which the Company expects to be entitled (i.e., transaction price) allocated to the distinct services or goods. The Company has elected the permitted practical expedient that allows it to use the portfolio approach for many of its contracts since this approach's impact on the financial statements, when applied to a group of contracts (or performance obligations) with similar characteristics, is not materially different from the impact of applying the revenue standard on an individual contract basis. Under the portfolio practical expedient, collectability is still assessed at the individual contract level when determining if a contract exists. The Company has elected to exclude any contracts with an original duration of one year or less and any variable consideration that meets specified criteria from its disclosure of the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance. In delivering payment services to the customer, the Company may also provide a limited license agreement to the customer for the use of one or more of the Company's proprietary cloud-based software applications. The Company grants a right to use its software applications only when the customer has contracted with the Company to receive related payment services. When combined with the underlying payment services, the license and the payment services provided to the customer are a single stand-ready obligation and the Company's performance obligation is defined by each time increment, rather than by the underlying activities, (quantity and timing of which is not determinable), satisfied over time based on days elapsed. In order to provide our payment services, we obtain authorization for the transaction and request funds settlement from the card issuing financial institution through the payment network. When third parties are involved in the transfer of services or goods to the customer, the Company considers the nature of each specific promised service or good and applies judgment to determine whether the Company controls the service or good before it is transferred to the customer or whether the Company is acting as an agent of the third party. To determine whether the Company controls the service or good, it assesses indicators including: 1) which party is primarily responsible for fulfillment; 2) which party has discretion in determining pricing for the service or good; and 3) other considerations deemed to be applicable to the specific situation. Based on our assessment of these indicators, we have concluded that the promise to our customers to provide payment services is distinct from the services provided by the card issuing FIs and payment networks in connection with payment transactions. We do not have the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits of the services provided by the card issuing FIs and payment networks before those services are transferred to our customer, and on that basis, we do not control those services prior to being transferred to our customer. As a result, we present our revenues net of the interchange fees retained by the card issuing FIs and the fees charged by the payment networks. SMB Payments – The Company's SMB Payments segment enables the Company's customers to accept card, electronic and digital-based payments at the point of sale by providing a suite of services including authorization, settlement and funding, customer support and help-desk functions, chargeback resolution, payment security, consolidated billing and statements, and 50 Table of Contents online reporting. Additionally, the Company enables customers to accept card, electronic and digital-based payments at the point of sale by providing a suite of services. The Company also earns revenue and commissions from resale of electronic POS equipment and certain subscription coupons. Typically, revenues generated from these transactions are based on a variable percentage of the dollar amount of each transaction, and in some instances, additional fees (e.g., statement fees, annual fees and monthly minimum fees, fees for handling chargebacks, gateway fees and fees for other miscellaneous services) are charged for each transaction. The Company's sponsoring banks collect the gross merchant discount from the card holder's issuing bank, pay the interchange fees and assessments to the payment networks and credit card associations, retain their fees, and pay to the Company the net amount which represents the Company's revenue. B2B Payments – The Company's B2B Payments segment enables the Company's customers to automate their accounts payable and other commercial payments functions with the Company's payment services that utilize physical and virtual payment cards as well as ACH transactions. The Company also provides cost-plus-fee turn-key business process outsourcing and assists commercial customers with programs that are designed to increase acceptance of Electronic Payments. Revenues are generally earned on a per-transaction basis and are recognized by the Company net of certain third-party costs for interchange fees, assessments to the payment networks, credit card associations fees, sponsor bank fees and rebates to customers. The Company's payables management software helps businesses improve cash flow with instant access to working capital, while automating and enabling control over all aspects of accounts receivable and payable. For these transactions, the Company acts as a merchant of record, therefore, considered as the principal and accordingly presents its revenue on a gross basis. The Company also offers volume rebates as an incentive to increase business and customer engagement. These rebates are presented as net of revenue. Transaction processing costs, including interchange fees, are presented as costs of revenue. Enterprise Payments – The Company's Enterprise Payments segment uses payment-adjacent technologies to facilitate the acceptance of Electronic Payments from customers. Revenue from the Enterprise Payments segment consists of the following: • • • • Enrollment fees: The revenue associated with enrollment fees is recognized upon the receipt of a fully executed enrollment application, completion of the customer account setup, data verification and the constructive receipt of the applicable non-refundable fee. Subscription fees: The Company recognizes monthly subscription fees as recurring maintenance fees each month during the term of the client's enrollment. Revenue from transaction-based fees is recognized upon constructive receipt of transaction fees for payments to creditors issued via ACH payments, paper checks or wire transfers. These fees are transferred to the Company from the customer account balances, which may be maintained by the Company in money transmission license trust accounts or by partner banks. Interest revenue: Interest revenue is derived from certain customer balances maintained in interest bearing accounts with select partner banks. CRM and consulting fees: CRM license fees are recognized on a monthly basis and consulting fees are recognized when services are performed. A substantial portion of this segment's revenues are earned as an agent of a third party, and therefore this earned revenue is reported as a net amount within revenue. See Note 3. Revenues. Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations ASC 606 requires disclosure of the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations. However, as allowed by ASC 606, the Company has elected to exclude from this disclosure any contracts with an original 51 Table of Contents duration of one year or less and any variable consideration that meets specified criteria. As described above, the Company's most significant performance obligations consist of variable consideration under a stand-ready series of distinct days of service. Such variable consideration meets the specified criteria for the disclosure exclusion. Therefore, the majority of the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied is variable consideration that is not required for this disclosure. The aggregate fixed consideration portion of customer contracts with an initial contract duration greater than one year is not material. Cost of Services Costs of merchant card fees primarily consist of residual payments to agents and ISOs and other third-party costs directly attributable to payment processing. The residual payments represent commissions paid to agents and ISOs based upon a percentage of the net revenues generated from merchant transactions. Costs of outsourced services and other revenue consist of salaries directly related to outsourced services revenue, the cost of equipment (point of sale terminals) sold, and third-party fees and commissions related to the Company's ACH processing activities. Contracts with Customers and Contract Costs The Company accrues and pays commission expense based on variable merchant payment volumes and for certain customer service and other services provided by its ISOs. Since commission expenses are accrued and paid to ISOs on a monthly basis after the merchant enters into a new or renewed contract, these are not deemed to be a cost to acquire a new contract but they are reported within costs of services on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The ISO is typically an independent contractor or agent of the Company. The Company may occasionally elect to buy out all or a portion of an ISO's rights to receive future commission payments related to certain merchants. Amounts paid to the ISO for these residual buyouts are capitalized and amortized over the useful life on a straight-line basis under the accounting guidance for intangible assets and included in intangible assets, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company pays bonuses to certain ISOs for meeting established performance criteria which results in a continued benefit to the Company for future periods. The incremental costs are incurred to secure a future stream of revenue and are recorded as contract acquisitions costs and are amortized over the estimated time on which benefit is expected to be received. A contract with a customer creates a legal right and obligation. As the Company performs under customer contracts, its right to consideration that is unconditional is considered to be accounts receivable. If the Company's right to consideration for such performance is contingent upon a future event or satisfaction of additional performance obligations, the amount of revenues recognized in excess of the amount billed to the customer is recognized as a contract asset. Contract liabilities represent consideration received from customers in excess of revenues recognized. Material contract assets and liabilities are presented net at the individual contract level in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are classified as current or noncurrent based on the nature of the underlying contractual rights and obligations. Contract Acquisition Costs The Company pays certain bonuses to it's ISOs for boarding incremental merchants which the Company expects to obtain benefit from in future periods. These bonuses are recorded as contract acquisition costs and are amortized over five years. Net contract acquisition costs were $6.6 million and $2.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense for contract acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2021, was immaterial. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents includes highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less, and cash owned by the Company that is held in financial institutions. Restricted cash is held by the Company in financial institutions for the purpose of in-process customer settlements or reserves held per contact terms. 52 Table of Contents Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable is stated net of allowance for current period credit losses for any uncollectible amounts and are amounts primarily due from the Company's sponsor banks for revenues earned, net of related interchange and processing fees, and do not bear interest. Other types of accounts receivable are from agents, merchants and other customers. Amounts due from sponsor banks are typically paid within 30 days following the end of each month. Inventory Inventory consists primarily of POS terminals and certain subscription coupons which is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is equal to the purchase price and other expenses incurred with acquiring the inventory and is substantially valued using the weighted average cost method. The carrying amount is reduced when items are determined to be obsolete/expired. Notes Receivable Notes receivable are primarily comprised of notes receivable from ISOs under the terms of the agreements the Company preserves the right to hold back residual payments due to the ISOs and to apply such residuals against future payments due to the Company. Notes receivable are recorded at the unpaid principal balance. Interest on notes receivable is recognized on a monthly basis and is included in interest income. See Note 5. Notes Receivable. Allowance for Expected Losses The Company utilizes a combination of aging and loss-rate methodologies to develop an estimate of current expected credit losses based on the nature and risks associated with the underlying asset pool. A broad range of factors are considered during the estimation of the allowance including historical losses, adjustments for current conditions and future trends. The Company may also utilize a mix of qualitative and quantitative risk factors within its estimation. The allowance for expected loss from accounts receivable was $5.3 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no allowance for expected loss on notes receivable. See Note 5. Notes Receivable. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for expected losses on settlement assets was $6.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively. See Note 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of allowance for expected losses is as follows for the year ended December 31, 2023: (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 2023 Charge-offs (recoveries), net Provision (1) Balance at December 31, 2023 Trade Receivables Settlement assets $ $ (1,143) $ 130 (4,276) (5,289) $ (4,976) 3,407 (4,989) (6,558) (1) Provision for trade receivables includes restructuring related costs of $3.5 million The Company has elected not to measure expected losses for accrued interest on notes receivable but instead recognize losses for accrued interest within the period losses are incurred. Customer Deposits and Advance Payments The Company may receive cash payments from certain customers and vendors that require future performance obligations by the Company. Amounts associated with obligations expected to be satisfied within one year are reported in customer deposits and advance payments on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and amounts associated with obligations expected to be satisfied after one year are reported as a component of other noncurrent liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. These payments are subsequently recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss when the Company satisfies the performance obligations required to retain and earn these deposits and advance payments. 53 Table of Contents A vendor may make an upfront payment to the Company to offset costs that the Company incurs to integrate the vendor into the Company's operations. These upfront payments are deferred by the Company and are subsequently amortized against expense in its Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as the related costs are incurred by the Company in accordance with the agreement with the vendor. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, except for property and equipment acquired in a business combination, which is recorded at fair value at the time of the transaction. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance which do not extend the useful life of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. At the time of retirements, sales or other dispositions of property and equipment, the original cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the gains or losses are presented as a component of income or loss from operations. Property, equipment and software Furniture and fixtures Equipment Computer software Leasehold improvements See Note 6. Property, Equipment and Software. Costs Incurred to Develop Software for Internal Use Estimated Useful Life 5 - 10 years 3 - 8 years 2 - 5 years 3 - 10 years Costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software and implementation costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The Company uses an agile development methodology in which feature-by-feature updates are made to its software. The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which generally range from two to five years. Maintenance costs including those in the post-implementation stages, are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the software that result in added functionality, in which case such costs are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software. Software development costs may become impaired in situations where development efforts are abandoned due to the viability of the planned project becoming doubtful or due to technological obsolescence of the planned software product. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there was accelerated depreciation for internal-use software of $0.3 million from certain restructuring costs. There were no impairment charges associated with internal-use software for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized software development costs of $21.3 million, $16.8 million and $7.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, capitalized software development costs, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $40.6 million and $28.1 million, respectively, and are included in property, equipment and software, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense for capitalized software development costs for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $9.4 million, $6.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, and are included in depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. 54 Table of Contents Other Intangible Assets Other intangible assets are initially recorded at cost or fair value when acquired in connection with a business combination. The carrying value of an intangible asset acquired in an asset acquisition may subsequently be increased for contingent consideration when due to the seller and such amounts can be estimated. The portion of any unpaid purchase price that is contingent on future activities is not initially recorded by the Company on the date of acquisition. Rather, the Company recognizes contingent consideration when it becomes probable and estimable. All of the Company's intangible assets, except goodwill and money transmission licenses, have finite lives and are subject to amortization. Intangible assets consist of acquired merchant portfolios, customer relationships, ISO and referral partner relationships, residual buyouts, trade names, technology, non-compete agreements and money transmission licenses. Intangible Asset ISO and Referral Partner Relationships Residual Buyouts Customer Relationships Merchant Portfolios Technology Trade Names and Non-compete Agreements Money Transmission Licenses Impairment of Long-lived Assets Nature Acquired relationships with ISOs and referral partners Surrender of rights to receive commissions by ISOs Acquired customer relationships Acquired rights to a portfolio of merchants Acquired proprietary software and website domains Acquired trade names and non-compete agreements Acquired licenses to collect, store, lend and send money in 46 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories. Estimated Useful Life 11 – 25 years 3 – 9 years 2 – 10 years 5 – 10 years 6 – 10 years 3 – 10 years indefinite The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, except goodwill, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of the asset group. If indicated, the loss is measured as the excess of carrying value over the asset groups' fair value, as determined based on discounted future cash flows. The Company concluded there were no indications of impairment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. See Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or when events occur or circumstances indicate the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. The test for goodwill impairment may be a qualitative or a quantitative analysis depending on the facts and circumstances associated with the reporting unit. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that implied fair value of the goodwill within the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. See Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further information. Leases The Company evaluates lease and service arrangements at lease inception to determine if the arrangement is a lease or contains a lease. Lease arrangements are evaluated at their commencement date to determine classification as operating or finance. Operating leases are reported as part of other noncurrent assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other noncurrent liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases, if applicable, are reported as part of property, equipment and software, net, and debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are generally not included on the Company's Balance Sheets. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components. Certain estimates and assumptions are made when determining the value of ROU Assets and the related liabilities, including when establishing the lease term and discount rates and variable lease payments (e.g., rent escalations tied to changes in the Producer Price Index). The lease term for all of the Company's leases includes the non-cancelable period of the lease adjusted for any renewal or termination options the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The lease payment stream includes any rent escalation that is required under certain lease agreements. The Company's leases generally do not provide an 55 Table of Contents implicit rate of interest, nor is it readily determinable by the Company, and as such the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the discounted value of the lease payments. Lease expense and depreciation expense, if applicable, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations Settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances and the related obligations recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets represent intermediary balances arising in the Company's settlement process for merchants and other customers. See Note 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations. Debt Issuance and Modification Costs Eligible debt issuance costs associated with the Company's credit facilities are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs associated with Company's term debt are presented on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct reduction in the carrying value of the associated debt liability. Debt modification costs represent amounts paid to third parties to modify existing debt agreements when those amounts are not eligible for capitalization. See Note 10. Debt Obligations for amounts paid for the year ended December 31, 2023, which were not eligible for capitalization. Restructuring Costs The Company's Management approved a plan to restructure the business of its wholly owned subsidiary, PayRight. PayRight's business activity included advancing funds to customers, which did not generate the desired financial results due to changes in the economic environment, particularly the cost of capital. The restructuring plan includes termination of the advancing business effective June 30, 2024. The Company included costs related to this restructuring within selling, general and administrative operating expenses and depreciation and amortization within its Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended December 31, 2023. The costs include allowance for certain advances whose recoverability was impacted by the restructuring of $3.5 million and $0.3 million for accelerated depreciation and amortization of assets of the restructured business. Acquisitions Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at their fair values on the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are determined based upon the valuation of the acquired business and involves making significant estimates and assumptions based on facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The Company uses a measurement period following the acquisition date to gather information that existed as of the acquisition date that is needed to determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The measurement period ends once all information is obtained, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. The Company accounts for a transaction as an asset acquisition when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, or otherwise does not meet the definition of a business. Asset acquisition-related costs are capitalized as part of the asset or assets acquired. Contingent Consideration Contingent consideration related to the Company's business combinations are estimated based on the present value of a weighted payout probability at the measurement date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This valuation falls within Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy. The current portion of contingent consideration is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and the noncurrent portion of contingent consideration is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. 56 Table of Contents For asset acquisitions that do not meet the definition of a business, the portion of the unpaid purchase price that is contingent on future activities is not recorded by the Company on the date of acquisition, but when it becomes probable and can be estimated. Non-controlling Interests Occasionally, the Company issues common equity and non-voting incentive units within its subsidiaries. The Company is the majority owner of these subsidiaries and, therefore, the common equity and incentive units are deemed to be NCI. NCI is valued based on the events and methodologies including the acquisition-date fair value or the option pricing method. See Note 2. Acquisitions for further information related to the fair value of the common equity issued during 2023. To estimate the initial fair value of the incentive units, the Company utilizes future cash flow scenarios with focus on those cash flow scenarios which could result in future distributions to the NCIs. In subsequent periods, income or loss will be attributed to an NCI based on the hypothetical liquidation at book value method utilizing the terms of the operating agreement between the Company and the NCI. As the majority owner, the Company has call rights on the incentive units issued to the NCIs. These call rights can only be executed under certain circumstances and execution is always optional at the Company's discretion. The call rights do not meet the definition of a free-standing financial instrument or derivative; thus no separate accounting is required for these call rights. Accrued Residual Commissions Accrued residual commissions consist of amounts due to ISOs and independent sales agents based on a percentage of the net revenues generated from the Company's merchant customers referred by the respective ISO and independent sales agent. Percentages vary based on the program type and transaction volume of each merchant. Residual commission expenses were $415.1 million, $396.2 million and $330.2 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and are included in costs of services in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. ISO Deposit and Loss Reserve ISOs may partner with the Company in an exclusive partner program in which ISOs are given negotiated pricing in exchange for bearing the risk of loss. Through the arrangement, the Company accepts deposits on behalf of the ISO and a reserve account is established by the Company. All amounts maintained by the Company are included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as other liabilities, which are directly offset by restricted cash accounts owned by the Company of $6.4 million and $5.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock-based Compensation The Company recognizes the cost resulting from all stock-based payment transactions in the financial statements at grant date fair value. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period and is reflected in salary and employee benefits expense on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Awards generally vest over three or four years and may not vest evenly over the vesting period. The effects of forfeitures are recognized as they occur. All shares issued from option exercises or vesting of RSU awards are original issuance shares and any shares withheld for taxes are repurchased by the Company. The Company measures a liability award under a stock-based compensation payment arrangement based on the award's fair value remeasured at each reporting date until the date of settlement. Compensation cost for each period until settlement is based on the change (or a portion of the change, depending on the percentage of the requisite service that has been rendered at the reporting date) in the fair value of the instrument for each reporting period. Stock Options Under the Company's 2018 Plan, the Company determines the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of the following subjective assumptions: 57 Table of Contents Expected volatility – Measure of the amount by which a stock price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate. In 2018, when the Company's outstanding stock options were granted, there was a relatively short amount of time that the Company's Common Stock (Nasdaq: PRTH) were traded on a public market, the Company utilized volatility data for the Common Stock of a peer group of comparable public companies. An increase in the expected volatility would increase the fair value of the stock option and related compensation expense. Risk-free interest rate – U.S. Treasury rate for a stripped-principal treasury note as of the grant date having a term equal to the expected term of the stock option. An increase in the risk-free interest rate will increase the fair value of the stock option and related compensation expense. Expected term – Period of time over which the stock options granted are expected to remain outstanding. In 2018, when the Company's outstanding stock options were granted, the Company lacked sufficient exercise information for its stock option plan since it was a newly public company. Accordingly, the Company used a method permitted by the SEC whereby the expected term was estimated to be the mid-point between the vesting dates and the expiration dates of the stock option grants. An increase in the expected term will increase the fair value of the stock option and the related compensation expense. Dividend yield – The Company uses an amount of zero as the Company has paid no cash or stock dividends and does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease the fair value of the stock option and the related compensation expenses. If a participant terminates employment with the Company, vested options may be exercised for a short period of time while unvested options are forfeited. However, in any event, a stock option will expire ten years from the date of the grant. Time-based restricted stock awards The fair value of time-based restricted stock awards is determined based on the quoted closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the business day prior to the grant date and is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting term of the awards. Performance-based restricted stock awards The Company accounts for its performance-based restricted stock awards based on the quoted closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the business day prior to the grant date, adjusted for any market-based vesting criteria, and records stock-based compensation expense over the vesting term of the awards based on the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved. The performance goals may be work-related goals for the individual recipient and/or based on certain corporate performance goals. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each reporting period and prospectively adjusts stock-based compensation expense based on its probability assessment. Additionally, if performance goals are set or reset on an annual basis, compensation cost is recognized in any reporting period only for performance-based restricted stock awards in which the performance goals have been established and communicated to the award recipient. Non-voting Incentive Units The Company issued non-voting incentive units to certain employees and partners in six subsidiaries. These non-voting incentive units were determined to be equity and are accounted for under ASC 718 Stock Compensation. The non-voting incentive units are either fully vested when granted, or vest according to the service period and/or performance measure noted in the grant agreement. As the non-voting incentive units are vested, they are recognized as NCI to the Company, who is the majority owner of the subsidiaries. Employee Stock Purchase Program The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase plan authorizes the issuance of shares of the Company’s Common Stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. The fair value of purchase rights issued under the Employee Stock purchase Plan is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires management to make a number of assumptions, including the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock, expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and 58 Table of Contents expected dividends. The Company records the resulting compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss over each three-month offering period. See Note 14. Stock-based Compensation. Repurchased Stock Pursuant to the provisions of ASC 505-30, Treasury Stock, the Company has elected to apply the cost method when accounting for treasury stock resulting from the repurchase of its Common Stock. Under the cost method, the gross cost of the shares reacquired is charged to a contra equity account, treasury stock. The equity accounts that were originally credited for the original share issuance, Common Stock and additional paid-in capital, remain intact. See Note 13. Stockholders' Deficit. If the treasury shares are ever reissued in the future, proceeds in excess of repurchased cost will be credited to additional paid-in capital. Any deficiency will be charged to retained earnings (accumulated deficit), unless additional paid-in capital from previous treasury stock transactions exists, in which case the deficiency will be charged to that account, with any excess charged to retained earnings (accumulated deficit). If treasury stock is reissued in the future, a cost flow assumption (e.g., FIFO, LIFO or specific identification) will be adopted to compute excesses and deficiencies upon subsequent share reissuance. Earnings (Loss) per Share Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to Common Stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution, if any, that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method or if-converted method. Diluted EPS excludes potential shares of Common Stock if their effect is anti-dilutive. If there is a net loss in any period, basic and diluted EPS are computed in the same manner. See Note 13. Stockholders' Deficit. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on the weight of available evidence, including expected future earnings. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Staff has provided additional guidance to address the accounting for the effects of the provisions related to the taxation of Global Intangible Low-Tax Income noting that companies should make an accounting policy election to recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse in future years or to include the tax expense in the year it is incurred. The Company has made a policy election to recognize such taxes as current period expenses when incurred. The Company recognizes an uncertain tax position in its financial statements when it concludes that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. Only after a tax position passes the first step of recognition will measurement be required. Under the measurement step, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon effective settlement. This is determined on a cumulative probability basis. The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. The Company recognized interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. See Note 12. Income Taxes. Fair Value Measurements The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a three-level fair 59 Table of Contents value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used to measure fair value and maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1 – Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Level 2 – Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. The fair values of the Company's merchant portfolios, assets and liabilities acquired in mergers and business combinations, and contingent consideration are primarily based on Level 3 inputs and are generally estimated based upon valuation techniques that include discounted cash flow analysis based on cash flow projections or Monte Carlo simulations and, for years beyond the projection period, estimates based on assumed growth rates. Assumptions are also made regarding appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, and capital expenditures, among others. In certain circumstances, the discounted cash flow analysis or Monte Carlo simulation is corroborated by a market-based approach that utilizes comparable company public trading values and, where available, values observed in public market transactions. The carrying values of accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, long-term debt, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents, including settlement assets and the associated deposit liabilities, approximate their fair values due to either the short-term nature of such instruments or the fact that the interest rate of the debt is based upon current market rates. See Note 17. Fair Value. Foreign Currency The Company's reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Indian subsidiary of the Company is Indian Rupee (i.e. local currency of Republic of India). The functional currency of the Canadian subsidiary of the Company is the Canadian Dollar. Accordingly, assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate on the last day of the reporting period. Revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate in effect during the reporting period. Translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Concentration of Risk A substantial portion of the Company's revenues and receivables are attributable to merchants. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no individual merchant customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's consolidated revenues. Most of the Company's merchant customers were referred to the Company by an ISO or other reseller partners. If the Company's agreement with an ISO allows the ISO to have merchant portability rights, the ISO can move the underlying merchant relationships to another merchant acquirer upon notice to the Company and completion of a "wind down" period. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, merchants referred by one ISO organization with merchant portability rights generated revenue within the Company's SMB Payments reportable segment that represented approximately 15%, 21% and 22%, respectively, of the Company's consolidated revenues. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's settlement assets and customer /subscriber account balances of $745.6 million includes cash and cash equivalents of $710.8 million related to customer account balances which are maintained in FDIC insured accounts with certain FIs. See Note 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations. A majority of the Company's cash and restricted cash (including subscriber account balances) is held in certain FIs, substantially all of which is in excess of FDIC limits. On at least an annual basis, the Company reviews qualitative and quantitative factors including earnings (with emphasis on return on equity and net interest margin), capitalization (with emphasis on Tier 1 and Capital ratios), asset quality (emphasis on Net charge-offs ratios), and liquidity, evaluating the performance of these FIs with their peers. The Company may shift funds as a response to risks noted and to optimize returns and costs. The Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk from these transactions. 60 Table of Contents Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). This new guidance changes how entities account for credit impairment for trade and other receivables, as well as for certain financial assets and other instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the current "incurred loss" model with an "expected loss" model. Under the "incurred loss" model, a loss (or allowance) is recognized only when an event has occurred (such as a payment delinquency) that causes the entity to believe that a loss is probable (i.e., that it has been "incurred"). Under the "expected loss" model, a loss (or allowance) is recognized upon initial recognition of the asset that reflects all future events that leads to a loss being realized, regardless of whether it is probable that the future event will occur. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 using the modified- retrospective approach. The implementation of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company's Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the Company modified its accounting policy to conform with the requirements of the adoption of this standard. Reference Rate Reform In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from the LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the SOFR. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contract at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Scope ASU 2021-01, which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The Company adopted the optional expedients of Topic 848 on June 30, 2023 upon the amendments of its Credit Agreement (see Note 10. Debt Obligations) and the Certificate of Designation (see Note 11. Redeemable Senior Preferred Stock and Warrants), which transitioned the Company's reference rates from LIBOR to SOFR. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Pending Adoption Segment Reporting ASU 2023-07 In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires incremental reportable segment disclosures, primarily about significant segment expenses. The amendments also require entities with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by these amendments, and all existing segment disclosures. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2024. This guidance is expected to only impact the disclosures with no impact on the results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Income Taxes ASU 2023-09 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The guidance includes improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating when it will adopt this guidance and the potential effects this guidance will have on its disclosures. 61 Table of Contents 2. Acquisitions Plastiq Acquisition On May 23, 2023,Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC (the "Acquiring Entity"), a subsidiary of PRTH, entered into a stalking horse equity and asset purchase agreement with Plastiq, Inc. and certain of its affiliates ("Plastiq") to acquire substantially all of the assets of Plastiq, including the equity interest in Plastiq Canada, Inc. Plastiq is a buyer funded B2B payments platform offering bill pay and instant access to working capital to its customers and will complement the Company's existing supplier-funded B2B Payments business. On May 24, 2023, Plastiq filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware. The purchase was completed on July 31, 2023 for a total purchase consideration of approximately $37.0 million. The total purchase consideration included $28.5 million in cash and the remaining consideration is in the nature of deferred or contingent consideration and certain equity interest in the Acquiring Entity. The cash consideration for the purchase was funded by borrowings from the Company's revolving credit facility. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recognized at their fair values as of July 31, 2023 , with the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired recognized as goodwill. The fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of July 31, 2023 were estimated by management using the discounted cash flow method and other factors specific to certain assets and liabilities. The preliminary purchase price allocation is set forth in the table below and expected to be finalized as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the closing date. (in thousands) Consideration: Cash Contingent consideration payments Common equity of the Acquiring Entity (3) Less: cash and restricted cash acquired (1) Total purchase consideration, net of cash and restricted cash acquired (3) Recognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Accounts receivable (3) Prepaid expenses Settlement assets Equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Customer deposits Settlement obligations (3) (3) (2) Total purchase consideration $ $ $ $ 28,500 8,419 330 (278) 36,971 831 469 8,277 47 7,252 30,460 (1,872) (214) (8,279) 36,971 (1) (2) (3) The fair value of the contingent consideration payments issued was determined utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation. The contingent consideration payments were calculated based on the path for the simulated metrics and the contractual terms of the contingent consideration payments and were discounted to present value at a rate reflecting the risk associated with the payoffs. The fair value was estimated to be the average present value of the contingent consideration payments over all iterations of the simulation. The intangible assets acquired consist of $13.0 million for customer relationships, $7.0 million for referral partner relationships, $6.5 million for technology and $3.9 million for trade name. During the fourth quarter 2023, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments due to additional information received related to cash acquired, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, goodwill and accounts payable. This 62 Table of Contents measurement period adjustment resulted in decreases in cash and restricted cash acquired of $40.0 thousand, and accounts receivable of $50.0 thousand offset by increases in prepaid expenses of $46.0 thousand, and goodwill of $0.3 million, and accounts payable of $0.2 million. The contingent consideration will not exceed the contractual undiscounted future value of $23.1 million and will be remeasured quarterly based on actual operating results. As of December 31, 2023, total consideration was $9.7 million, $2.2 million included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and $7.5 million included in noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Total interest accreted for the year was $1.3 million. The Company will make quarterly payments equal to 75% of the cash available for the contingent consideration as required by the contract. The payment made for the year ended December 31, 2023, was immaterial. This business is reported within the Company's B2B Payments reportable segment. The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for year ended December 31, 2023 include the operating results of Plastiq from August 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023 as noted in the table below: (in thousands) Revenues Operating loss (1) (1) Excluding acquisition related costs of $1.3 million Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ $ 27,436 (1,997) The bankruptcy of Plastiq, Inc. before acquisition by the Company resulted in significant changes to the cost structure of the acquired business. As a result, pre-acquisition financial information is not relevant and therefore impractical to include. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred $1.7 million in acquisition related costs, which primarily consisted of consulting, legal and accounting and valuation expenses. These expenses were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Based on the purchase consideration and pre-acquisition operating results, this business combination did not meet the materiality requirements for pro forma disclosures. Acquisitions occurring in prior years Ovvi Acquisition On November 18, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of certain assets and assumption of a certain liability of Ovvi, LLC, under an asset purchase agreement through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Priority Ovvi, LLC ("Ovvi"). The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Prior to this acquisition, the business operated as a SaaS proprietary platform for the restaurant, hospitality and retail industries by providing complete all-in-one point of sale software and hardware systems, comprehensive ancillary services including fraud detection and mitigation, and processing services for various types of cards including credit cards, debit cards, private label cards and prepaid cards. This business is reported within the Company's SMB Payments reportable segment. Transaction costs were not material and were expensed. The non-voting incentive shares issued to the seller will be evaluated at each reporting period to determine whether or not profit or loss should be allocated based on the subsidiary's operating agreement. The preliminary purchase price allocation is set forth in the table below and is expected to be finalized as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. 63 Table of Contents (in thousands) Consideration: Cash Fair value of class B shares issued in Ovvi (NCI) Total enterprise value of business acquired (3) (1) (3) (4) Recognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Accounts receivable (4) Inventory Property, equipment and software, net Goodwill Intangible assets Other non-current asset Other non-current liability (3)(4) (2) Total enterprise value of business acquired (3) $ $ $ $ 5,026 5,026 659 5,685 43 98 20 3,504 2,021 152 (153) 5,685 (1) (2) (3) (4) Includes $50.0 thousand withheld for inventory acquired which was subsequently released in March 2023. The intangible assets consist of $1.3 million for technology, $0.4 million for customer relationships and $0.3 million for trade names. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments due to additional information received related to the valuation of the Class B shares. This measurement period adjustment resulted in a decrease of $0.6 million in goodwill and NCI. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments due to additional information received related to accounts receivable and inventory. This measurement period adjustment resulted in a decrease of $0.1 million in accounts receivable and inventory, offset by an increase in goodwill of $0.1 million. Finxera Acquisition On September 17, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of Finxera. Finxera is a provider of deposit account management and licensed money transmission services in the U.S. The acquisition allows the Company to offer clients turn-key merchant services, payment facilitation, card issuing, automated payables, virtual banking, e-wallet tools, risk management, underwriting and compliance on a single platform. The transaction was funded with the Company's cash on hand, proceeds from the issuance of the redeemable senior preferred stock and debt, and the issuance of common equity shares to the sellers. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their fair values as of the September 17, 2021, with the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired recognized as goodwill. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the September 17, 2021 were estimated by management based on the valuation of the Finxera business using the discounted cash flow method and other factors specific to certain assets and liabilities. The final purchase price allocation is set forth in the table below: 64 Table of Contents (in thousands) Consideration: Cash Equity instruments Less: cash and restricted cash acquired (1) Total purchase consideration, net of cash and restricted cash acquired Recognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: Accounts receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Current portion of notes receivable Settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances Property, equipment and software, net Goodwill Intangible assets, net Other noncurrent assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Settlement and customer/subscriber account obligations Deferred income taxes, net Other noncurrent liabilities (2) Total purchase consideration $ $ $ $ 379,220 34,388 (6,598) 407,010 385 5,297 784 498,811 712 244,712 211,400 955 (7,837) (498,811) (44,018) (5,380) 407,010 (1) (2) The fair value of the 7,551,354 shares of PRTH Common Stock that were issued was determined based on their market price at the time of closing adjusted for an appropriate liquidity discount due to trading restrictions under Securities Rule 144. The intangible assets acquired consist of $154.9 million for referral partner relationships, $34.3 million for technology, $20.1 million for customer relationships and $2.1 million for money transmission licenses. Goodwill of $244.7 million arising from the acquisition primarily consists of the expected synergies and other benefits from combining operations. Goodwill attributable to the acquisition of $8.7 million was deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill was allocated 100% to the Company's Enterprise Payments reportable segment. Wholesale Payments, Inc. On April 28, 2021, a subsidiary of the Company completed its acquisition of certain residual portfolio rights for a purchase price of $42.4 million and $24.8 million of post-closing payments and earn-out payments based on meeting certain attrition thresholds over a three-year period from the date of acquisition. The transaction did not meet the definition of a business, therefore it was accounted for as an asset acquisition under which the cost of the acquisition was allocated to the acquired assets based on relative fair values. As an asset acquisition, additional purchase price is accounted for when payment to the seller becomes probable and is added to the carrying value of the asset. The seller's note payable to the Company of $3.0 million and an advance of $2.0 million outstanding at the time of the purchase were netted against the initial purchase price, resulting in cash of $41.2 million being paid by the Company to the seller, which was funded from cash proceeds from the issuance of the redeemable senior preferred stock and cash on hand. C&H Financial Services, Inc. On June 25, 2021, a subsidiary of the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain related liabilities under an asset purchase agreement. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Prior to this acquisition, the business was an ISO partner of the Company where it developed expertise in software-integrated payment services, as well as marketing programs for specific verticals such as automotive and youth sports. This business is reported within the Company's SMB Payments reportable segment. The initial purchase price for the net assets was $35.0 million in cash and a total purchase price of not more than $60.0 million including post-closing payments and earn-out payments based on certain gross profit and revenue achievements over a three-year period from the date of acquisition. The 65 Table of Contents acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration was $4.7 million, which increased the total purchase price to $39.7 million. The seller's note payable to the Company of $0.5 million at the time of purchase was netted against the initial purchase price, resulting in cash of $34.5 million being paid by the Company to the seller, which was funded from a $30.0 million draw down from a revolving credit facility and $4.5 million cash on hand. Transaction costs were not material and were expensed. The purchase price allocation is set forth in the table below. (in thousands) Accounts receivable Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property, equipment and software, net and other current assets Goodwill Intangible assets, net Other noncurrent liabilities (1) Total purchase price $ $ 214 209 287 13,804 25,400 (214) 39,700 (1) The intangible assets acquired consist of $20.2 million for merchant portfolio intangible assets with a ten-year useful life and $5.2 million for ISO partner relationships with a twelve-year useful life. 3. Revenues Disaggregation of Revenues The following table presents a disaggregation of our consolidated revenues by type: (in thousands) Revenue Type: Merchant card fees Money transmission services Outsourced services and other services Equipment Total revenues (1)(2) 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 595,205 $ 98,137 49,600 12,670 755,612 $ 553,037 $ 71,536 29,627 9,441 663,641 $ 468,764 19,415 21,033 5,689 514,901 (1) (2) Includes contracts with an original duration of one year or less and variable consideration under a stand-ready series of distinct days of service. The aggregate fixed consideration portion of customer contracts with an initial contract duration greater than one year is not material. Approximately $33.4 million, $7.5 million and $0.7 million, of interest income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is included in outsourced services and other services revenue in the table above. 66 Table of Contents The following table presents a disaggregation of our consolidated revenues by segment: (in thousands) Segment SMB B2B Enterprise Total revenues (in thousands) Segment SMB B2B Enterprise Total revenues (in thousands) Segment SMB B2B Enterprise Total revenues Merchant Card Fees Money Transmission Services Year Ended December 31, 2023 Outsourced and Other Services Equipment Total $ $ 563,878 $ 31,114 213 595,205 $ — $ — 98,137 98,137 $ 6,322 $ 9,612 33,666 49,600 $ 12,670 $ — — 12,670 $ Merchant Card Fees Money Transmission Services Year Ended December 31, 2022 Outsourced and Other Services Equipment Total $ $ 549,646 $ 3,391 — 553,037 $ — $ — 71,536 71,536 $ 3,150 $ 15,499 10,978 29,627 $ 9,441 $ — — 9,441 $ Merchant Card Fees Money Transmission Services Year Ended December 31, 2021 Outsourced and Other Services Equipment Total $ $ 466,819 $ 1,945 — 468,764 $ — $ — 19,415 19,415 $ 3,122 $ 15,193 2,718 21,033 $ 5,689 $ — — 5,689 $ 582,870 40,726 132,016 755,612 562,237 18,890 82,514 663,641 475,630 17,138 22,133 514,901 Deferred revenues were not material for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Material contract assets and liabilities are presented net at the individual contract level in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are classified as current or noncurrent based on the nature of the underlying contractual rights and obligations. Contract liabilities were $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Substantially all of these balances are recognized as revenue within 12 months. Net contract assets were not material for any period presented. Impairment losses recognized on receivables or contract assets arising from the Company's contracts with customers were $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021, the impairment losses on receivables or contract assets arising from the Company's contracts with customers were not material. 67 Table of Contents 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations SMB Payments Segment In the Company's SMB Payments reportable segment, funds settlement refers to the process of transferring funds for sales and credits between card issuers and merchants. The standards of the card networks require possession of funds during the settlement process by a member bank which controls the clearing transactions. Since settlement funds are required to be in the possession of a member bank until the merchant is funded, these funds are not assets of the Company and the associated obligations related to these funds are not liabilities of the Company. Therefore, neither is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Member banks held merchant funds of $98.0 million and $110.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Exception items include items such as customer chargeback amounts received from merchants and other losses. Under agreements between the Company and its merchant customers, the merchants assume liability for such chargebacks and losses. If the Company is ultimately unable to collect amounts from the merchants for any charges or losses due to merchant fraud, insolvency, bankruptcy or any other reason, it may be liable for these charges. In order to mitigate the risk of such liability, the Company may: 1) require certain merchants to establish and maintain reserves designed to protect the Company from such charges or losses under its risk-based underwriting policy; and 2) engage with certain ISOs in partner programs in which the ISOs assume liability for these charges or losses. A merchant reserve account is funded by the merchant and held by the member bank during the term of the merchant agreement. Unused merchant reserves are returned to the merchant after termination of the merchant agreement or in certain instances upon a reassessment of risks during the term of the merchant agreement. Exception items that become the liability of the Company are recorded as merchant losses, a component of costs of services in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Exception items that the Company is still attempting to collect from the merchants through the funds settlement process or merchant reserves are recognized as settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, with an offsetting reserve for those amounts the Company estimates it will not be able to recover. Expenses for merchant losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $6.2 million, $4.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. B2B Payments Segment In the Company's B2B Payments segment, the Company earns revenues from certain of its services by processing transactions for FIs and other business customers. Customers transfer funds to the Company, which are held in either Company-owned bank accounts controlled by the Company or bank-owned FBO accounts controlled by the banks, until such time as the transactions are settled with the customer payees. Amounts due to customer payees that are held by the Company in Company-owned bank accounts are included in restricted cash. Amounts due to customer payees that are held in bank-owned FBO accounts are not assets of the Company. As such, the associated obligations related to these funds are not liabilities of the Company; therefore, neither is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Bank-owned FBO accounts held funds of $69.0 million and $52.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Company-owned bank accounts held $1.2 million and $4.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in restricted cash and settlement obligations in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the Plastiq business, the Company accepts card payments from its customers and processes disbursements to their vendors. The time lag between authorization and settlement of card transactions creates certain receivables (from card networks) and payables (to the vendors of customers). These receivables and payables arise from the settlement activities that the Company performs on the behalf of its customers and therefore, are presented as Settlement assets and related obligations. Enterprise Payments Segment In the Company's Enterprise Payments segment, revenue is derived primarily from enrollment fees, monthly subscription fees, transaction-based fees and money transmission services fees. As part of its licensed money transmission services, the Company accepts deposits from customers and subscribers which are held in bank accounts maintained by the Company on behalf of customers and subscribers. After accepting deposits, the Company is allowed to invest available balances in these accounts in 68 Table of Contents certain permitted investments, and the return on such investments contributes to the Company's net cash inflows. These balances are payable on demand. As such, the Company recorded these balances and related obligations as current assets and current liabilities. The nature of these balances is cash and cash equivalents but they are not available for day-to-day operations of the Company. Therefore, the Company has classified these balances as settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances and the related obligations as settlement and customer/subscriber account obligations in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. In certain states, the Company accepts deposits under agency arrangement with member banks wherein accepted deposits remain under the control of the member banks. Therefore, the Company does not record assets for the deposits accepted and liabilities for the associated obligation. Agency owned accounts held $19.6 million and $6.1 million and at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's consolidated settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances and settlement and customer/subscriber account obligations were as follows: (in thousands) (1) Settlement Assets, net of estimated losses : Card settlements due from merchants Card settlements due from networks Customer/Subscriber Account Balances: Cash and cash equivalents Total settlement assets and customer/subscriber account balances Settlement and Customer/Subscriber Account Obligations: Customer account obligations Subscriber account obligations Total customer/subscriber account obligations (2) Due to customer payees Total settlement and customer/subscriber account obligations December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ $ $ 2,705 $ 8,185 745,585 756,475 $ 710,775 $ 33,921 744,696 11,058 755,754 $ 444 — 531,574 532,018 516,086 15,488 531,574 1,766 533,340 (1) (2) Allowance for estimated losses was $6.6 million and $5.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Card settlements due from networks includes $8.2 million as of December 31, 2023 of related assets and remainder are included in restricted cash on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no card settlements due from networks in 2022. 5. Notes Receivable The Company has notes receivable of $5.2 million and $4.7 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are reported as current portion of notes receivable and notes receivable less current portion on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The notes bear a weighted-average interest rate of 18.6% and 15.4% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The notes receivable are comprised of notes receivable from ISOs, and under the terms of the agreements the Company preserves the right to hold back residual payments due to the ISOs and to apply such residuals against future payments due to the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the principal payments for the Company's notes receivables are due as follows: 69 Table of Contents (in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total $ $ 1,468 1,365 909 1,031 423 — 5,196 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no allowance for doubtful notes receivable. 6. Property, Equipment and Software A summary of property, equipment and software, net was as follows: (in thousands) Computer software Equipment Leasehold improvements Furniture and fixtures Property, equipment and software Less: Accumulated depreciation Capital work in-progress Property, equipment and software, net (in thousands) Depreciation expense December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 78,492 $ 10,377 1,535 1,442 91,846 (56,442) 9,276 44,680 $ 64,197 13,302 6,990 2,909 87,398 (58,409) 5,698 34,687 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 $ 11,494 $ 9,511 $ 8,460 Computer software consists of purchased software, internally developed back office systems including those used to assist in the reporting of merchant processing transactions and other related information. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property, equipment and software, net, until removed from service. During the year ended December 31, 2023, certain fully depreciated assets were removed from service. 70 Table of Contents 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill The Company records goodwill upon acquisition of a business when the purchase price is greater than the fair value assigned to the underlying separately identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The Company's goodwill relates to the following reporting units: (in thousands) SMB Payments Enterprise Payments Plastiq (B2B Payments) Total December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 124,139 $ 244,712 7,252 376,103 $ 124,625 244,712 — 369,337 The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying value of goodwill: (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 2022 Final purchase price adjustment for Finxera Ovvi acquisition Balance at December 31, 2022 Purchase price adjustment for Ovvi Plastiq acquisition and purchase price adjustments Balance at December 31, 2023 Amount 365,740 (392) 3,989 369,337 (486) 7,252 376,103 $ For business combinations consummated during the year ended December 31, 2023, goodwill was fully deductible for income tax purposes. The Company performed its most recent annual goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1, 2023, as noted below: • • • For the purpose of the goodwill impairment analysis, the Company determined the reporting units were Enterprise Payments, SMB Payments, and Plastiq, a component of the B2B Payments operating segment, as allowed by ASC 350. The Company's SMB Payments operating segment experienced a decrease in bankcard volume and revenue during 2023 due to the diversification of an ISV. Additionally, this operating segment also experienced compressed margins due to expenses associated with costs of sales increasing at a larger rate than revenue. Considering the most recent fair value valuation was performed in 2019, the Company elected the option to unconditionally bypass the qualitative impairment analysis and proceed with performing the quantitative analysis for the SMB Payments reporting unit as allowed by ASC 350. For the purpose of the quantitative analysis, the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method (equally weighted) were determined to be the appropriate methodology. The impairment analysis concluded the fair value of the reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount and therefore, no impairment was recognized. The Company's Enterprise Payments operating segment had an increase in volumes, revenue and margins for 2023. The remaining goodwill related to the acquisition of Plastiq (see Note 2. Acquisitions). Given the performance of the Enterprise Payments operating segment and the relatively short time passed since the Plastiq acquisition, the Company elected to perform the qualitative impairment analysis for these reporting units. Under the qualitative impairment analysis, the Company identified drivers which may affect the reporting units' fair value, determined which events and circumstances impacted those drivers and concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units was less than the carrying amount. 71 Table of Contents There were no impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is not aware of any triggering events that have occurred since October 1, 2023. Other Intangible Assets At December 31, 2023 and 2022, other intangible assets consisted of the following: (in thousands, except weighted-average data) Other intangible assets: ISO and referral partner relationships Residual buyouts Customer relationships Merchant portfolios Technology Non-compete agreements Trade names Money transmission licenses (1) Total gross carrying value (1) These assets have an indefinite useful life. (in thousands, except weighted-average data) Other intangible assets: ISO relationships Residual buyouts Customer relationships Merchant portfolios Technology Non-compete agreements Trade names Money transmission licenses (1) Total gross carrying value (1) These assets have an indefinite useful life. (in thousands) Amortization expense Gross Carrying Value December 31, 2023 Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Weighted-average Useful Life $ $ 182,339 $ 135,164 109,017 83,350 57,639 3,390 7,104 2,100 580,103 $ (36,506) $ (92,699) (92,781) (56,139) (22,712) (3,390) (2,526) — (306,753) $ 145,833 42,465 16,236 27,211 34,927 — 4,578 2,100 273,350 14.7 6.3 8.4 6.5 9.0 0.0 11.7 9.7 Gross Carrying Value December 31, 2022 Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value Weighted-average Useful Life $ $ 175,300 $ 132,325 96,000 76,423 50,963 3,390 3,183 2,100 539,684 $ (24,021) $ (76,316) (83,298) (43,170) (18,566) (3,390) (2,129) — (250,890) $ 151,279 56,009 12,702 33,253 32,397 — 1,054 2,100 288,794 14.8 6.6 8.2 6.7 8.4 0.0 11.6 9.7 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 $ 56,901 $ 61,170 $ 41,237 72 Table of Contents The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets as of December 31, 2023, for the next five years and thereafter is: (in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter (1) Total Estimated Amortization Expense 40,559 34,480 33,691 31,427 23,426 107,667 271,250 $ $ (1) Total will not agree to the intangible asset net book value due to intangible assets with indefinite useful life. Actual amortization expense to be reported in future periods could differ from these estimates as a result of new intangible asset acquisitions, changes in useful lives and other relevant events or circumstances. The Company tests intangible assets for impairment when events occur or circumstances indicate that the fair value of an intangible asset or group of intangible assets may be impaired. The Company also considered the market conditions and other factors and concluded that there were no additional impairment indicators present at December 31, 2023. 8. Leases The Company's leases consist primarily of real estate leases for office space, which are classified as operating leases. Lease expense for the Company's operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company did not have any finance leases at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The ROU Assets and lease liabilities consisted of the following: (in thousands, except weighted-average data) Operating Lease ROU Assets: Operating lease ROU Assets Operating Lease Obligations: Operating lease obligations - current Operating lease obligations - noncurrent Total operating lease obligations Weighted-average remaining lease term in years Weighted-average discount rate Financial Statement Classification December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Other noncurrent assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other noncurrent liabilities $ $ $ 5,427 1,582 4,592 6,174 $ $ $ 3.8 5.9 % 4,593 1,336 4,110 5,446 4.4 6.9 % 73 Table of Contents The Components of lease expense were as follows: (in thousands) Operating lease expense (1) Financial Statement Classification Selling, general and administrative Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ 1,760 $ 1,984 $ 1,841 (1) Excludes short-term lease expense and sublease income, which was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. (in thousands) Operating cash flows from operating leases Financial Statement Classification Operating activities Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ 1,862 $ 2,131 $ 1,803 Lease Commitments Future minimum lease payments for the Company's real estate operating leases at December 31, 2023 were as follows: (in thousands) Year Ending December 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Amount representing interest Total future minimum lease payments, net of interest Amount Due 1,873 1,731 1,701 1,254 265 65 6,889 (715) 6,174 $ $ 9. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses The components of accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following: (in thousands) Accrued expenses Accrued card network fees Accrued compensation Contingent consideration, current portion Accounts payable Total accounts payable and accrued expenses December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 12,621 $ 14,320 8,748 5,951 11,003 52,643 $ 17,742 14,243 7,287 6,079 6,513 51,864 74 Table of Contents 10. Debt Obligations Outstanding debt obligations consisted of the following: (in thousands) Credit Agreement: Term facility - matures April 27, 2027, interest rate of 11.21% and 9.82% at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Revolving credit facility - $65.0 million ($40.0 million for 2022) line, matures April 27, 2026, interest rate of 10.20% and 8.82% at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Total debt obligations Less: current portion of long-term debt Less: unamortized debt discounts and deferred financing costs Long-term debt, net Contractual Maturities December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 654,373 $ — 654,373 (6,712) (15,696) 631,965 $ 610,700 12,500 623,200 (6,200) (18,074) 598,926 Based on terms and conditions existing at December 31, 2023, future minimum principal payments for long-term debt are as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2024 2025 2026 2027 Total Term Facility Revolving Credit Facility Total Principal Due $ $ 6,712 $ 6,712 6,712 634,237 654,373 $ — $ — — — — $ 6,712 6,712 6,712 634,237 654,373 Additionally, the Company may be obligated to make certain additional mandatory prepayments after the end of each year based on excess cash flow, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Credit Agreement On April 27, 2021, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Truist which provides for: 1) a $300.0 million Initial Term Loan; 2) a $290.0 million Delayed Draw Term Loan (together, the "Term Facility"); and 3) a $40.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The First Amendment to the Credit Agreement on May 20, 2021, clarified and provided further detail on the Credit Agreement's terms. The Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement on September 17, 2021, increased the amount of the Delayed Draw Term Loan facility by $30.0 million to $320.0 million. The additional Delayed Draw Term Loan is part of the same class of term loans made pursuant to the original commitments under the Credit Agreement. Third Amendment to the April 2021 Credit Agreement On June 30, 2023, the Credit Agreement of the Company was amended to incorporate the following: • Reference rate: The reference rate for the calculation of interest on the Company’s term loan and revolving credit facility was amended from LIBOR to SOFR effective June 30, 2023. Per the amended terms, the outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement interest will accrue using the SOFR rate plus a term SOFR adjustment plus an applicable margin per year, subject to a SOFR floor of 1.00% per year. The applicable interest rate as of December 31, 2023, for the revolving credit facility based on one-month SOFR was 10.20% and for the term facility based on one-month SOFR was 11.21%. 75 Table of Contents • Increase in the revolving credit facility: The amendments also resulted in an increase in the Company’s revolving credit facility from $40.0 million to $65.0 million. Fourth Amendment to the April 2021 Credit Agreement On October 2, 2023, the Company modified its existing Term Facility Credit agreement with Truist. The agreement increased the principal balance by $50.0 million and increased the quarterly principal amortization payment from $1.6 million to $1.7 million. There were no other significant modifications to the Credit Agreement. Outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrue interest using either a base rate or a SOFR rate plus an applicable margin per year, subject to a SOFR rate floor of 1.00% per year. Accrued interest is payable on each interest payment date (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The revolving credit facility incurs an unused commitment fee on any undrawn amount in an amount equal to 0.50% per year of the unused portion. The future applicable interest rate margins may vary based on the Company's Total Net Leverage Ratio in addition to future changes in the underlying market rates for SOFR and the rate used for base-rate borrowings. Prepayments of outstanding principal may be made in permitted increments subject to a 1.00% penalty for certain prepayments made in connection with repricing transactions. Proceeds from the Initial Term Loan were used to partially fund the refinancing of the Company's existing credit facilities as of April 27, 2021. Proceeds from the Delayed Draw Term Loan were used to fund the Company's acquisition of Finxera. Proceeds from the Fourth Amendment were used to repay the balance of the revolving credit facility (used to acquire Plastiq business) and added additional cash for general corporate purposes. Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Loan Costs and Discounts Deferred financing costs and debt discounts are amortized using the effective interest method over the remaining term of the respective debt and are recorded as a component of interest expense. Unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discount are included in long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. (in thousands) Interest expense (1) Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ 76,108 $ 53,554 $ 36,485 (1) Included in this amount is $1.7 million and $0.9 million of interest expense related to the accretion of contingent considerations from acquisitions for December 31, 2023 and 2022. Interest expense included amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts of $3.8 million, $3.5 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As a result of the Third Amendment in June 2023, the Company incurred $0.8 million of deferred loan costs. The Fourth Amendment in October 2023 was issued at a discount of $0.3 million. These costs, along with other capitalized modification costs of $0.4 million, will be amortized over the remaining period of the existing Term Loan as a reduction of the carrying amount of the debt obligation. Debt issuance costs of $0.1 million for the Fourth Amendment were expensed as incurred. Debt Covenants The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, financial and collateral requirements, mandatory payment events, events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including without limitation, covenants that restrict among other things, the ability to create liens, pay dividends or distribute assets from the loan parties to the Company, merge or consolidate, dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments or acquisitions, enter into certain transactions (including with affiliates) and to enter into certain leases. The outstanding amount of any loans and any other amounts owed under the Credit Agreement may, after the occurrence of an event of default, at the option of Truist on behalf of 76 Table of Contents lenders representing a majority of the commitments, be declared immediately due and payable. Events of default include the failure of the Company to make principal, premium or interest payment when due, or the failure by the Company to perform or comply with any term or covenant in the Credit Agreement, after any applicable cure period. If the aggregate principal amount of outstanding revolving loans and letters of credit under the Credit Agreement exceeds 35% of the total revolving credit facility thereunder, the loan parties are required to comply with certain restrictions on its Total Net Leverage Ratio. If applicable, the maximum permitted Total Net Leverage Ratio is: 1) 6.50:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2021 through June 30, 2022; 2) 6.00:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2022 through June 30, 2023; and 3) 5.50:1.00 at each fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 each fiscal quarter thereafter. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreement. 11. Redeemable Senior Preferred Stock and Warrants On April 27, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it issued 150,000 shares of redeemable senior preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and a detachable warrant to purchase 1,803,841 shares of the Company's Common Stock, for gross proceeds of $150.0 million, less a $5.0 million discount and $5.5 million of issuance costs. The agreement also provided the Company the option to issue an additional 50,000 shares of redeemable senior preferred stock upon the closing of the Finxera acquisition for $50.0 million, less a $0.6 million discount and within 18 months after the issuance of those additional shares, subject to the satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions. The Company was also provided with the option to issue an additional delayed 50,000 shares at a purchase price of $50.0 million, less a $0.6 million discount, subject to the satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions. Of the total net proceeds of $139.5 million, $131.4 million was allocated to the redeemable senior preferred stock, $11.4 million was allocated to additional paid-in capital for the warrants and $3.3 million was allocated to noncurrent assets for the committed financing put right. On September 17, 2021, the Company issued an additional 75,000 shares of redeemable senior preferred stock for $75.0 million, less a $0.9 million discount, $0.7 million of ticking fees and $1.9 million of issuance costs. Upon issuance of these additional shares, the $3.3 million that was previously allocated to noncurrent assets for the committed financing put right was reclassified to the redeemable senior preferred stock. The redeemable senior preferred stock ranks senior to the Company's Common Stock, equal with any other class of the Company's stock designated as being ranked on a parity basis with the redeemable senior preferred stock and junior to any other class of the Company's stock, including preferred stock, that is designated as being ranked senior to the redeemable senior preferred stock, with respect to the payment and distribution of dividends, the purchase or redemption of the Company's stock and the liquidation, winding up of and distribution of assets of the Company. The redeemable senior preferred stock does not meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as it is redeemable upon the occurrence of events that are not solely within the Company's control. Therefore, the Company classified the redeemable senior preferred stock as temporary equity and is accreting the carrying amount to its full redemption amount from the date of issuance to the earliest redemption date using the effective interest method. 77 Table of Contents The following table provides the redemption value of the redeemable senior preferred stock for the periods presented: (in thousands) Redeemable senior preferred stock Accumulated unpaid dividend Dividend payable Redemption value Less: unamortized discounts and issuance costs Redeemable senior preferred stock, net of discounts and issuance costs December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ 225,000 $ 43,498 7,027 275,525 (16,920) 258,605 $ 225,000 25,498 5,341 255,839 (20,260) 235,579 The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending carrying amounts of the redeemable senior preferred stock for the periods presented: (in thousands) January 1, 2022 Unpaid dividend on redeemable senior preferred stock Accretion of discounts and issuance cost Cash portion of dividend and ticking fee outstanding at the end of the year December 31, 2022 Unpaid dividend on redeemable senior preferred stock Accretion of discounts and issuance cost Cash portion of dividend outstanding at December 31, 2023 Payment of cash portion of dividend and ticking fee outstanding at December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 Shares Amount 225 $ — — — 225 $ — — — — 225 $ 210,158 16,794 3,286 5,341 235,579 18,000 3,340 7,027 (5,341) 258,605 On June 30, 2023, the Company amended the Certificate of Designation of its redeemable senior preferred stock to transition the reference rate used for the calculation of dividends from LIBOR to SOFR. Under the Amended Certificate of Designation, the dividend rate (capped at 22.50%) will be equal to the three-month term SOFR (minimum of 1.00%), plus the three-month term SOFR spread adjustment of 0.26% plus the applicable margin of 12.00%. All other terms in the agreement were unchanged. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, SOFR is the reference rate for calculation of the dividend. The dividend rate is subject to future increases if the Company doesn't comply with the minimum cash payment requirements outlined in the agreement, which includes required payments of dividends, required payments related to redemption or required prepayments. The dividend rate may also increase if the Company fails to obtain the required stockholder approval for a forced sale transaction triggered by investors or if an event of default as outlined in the agreement occurs. The dividend rate as of December 31, 2023, and 2022 was 17.7% and 15.7% respectively. The following table provides a summary of the dividends for the period presented: (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 (1) Dividends paid in cash Accumulated dividends accrued as part of the carrying value of redeemable senior preferred stock Dividends declared $ $ 26,404 $ 18,000 44,404 $ 16,800 16,794 33,594 (1) Included in this amount is $7.0 million and $5.3 million of dividends outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively. 78 Table of Contents The following table presents cumulative dividends in arrears in aggregate and per-share: (in thousands, except per share amounts) Cumulative preferred dividends in arrears Redeemable senior preferred stock, outstanding Cumulative preferred dividends in arrears, per share Year Ended December 31, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ $ 43,498 $ 225 193.3 $ 25,497 225 113.3 The redeemable senior preferred shares have no stated maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely until redeemed or otherwise repurchased by the Company. Outstanding shares of redeemable senior preferred stock can be redeemed at the option of the Company for cash in whole or in part at the following redemption price: Redemption Date Redemption Price Prior to April 27, 2023 April 27, 2023 - April 26, 2024 April 27, 2024 and thereafter 100% of liquidation preference (i.e., $1,000 per share) plus any accrued and unpaid dividends and the make- whole amount (i.e., present value of additional 2% of the liquidation preference plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon through the redemption date plus 102% of the amount of dividends that will accrue from the redemption date through April 27, 2023) 102% of the sum of the (a) outstanding liquidation preference plus (b) any accrued and unpaid dividends through and including the applicable redemption date 100% of the sum of the (a) outstanding liquidation preference plus (b) any accrued and unpaid dividends through and including the applicable redemption date Upon the occurrence of a change in control or a liquidation event, the Company will redeem all of the outstanding redeemable senior preferred shares for cash at the applicable redemption price described above. The holders of the redeemable senior preferred stock may request the Company to pursue a sale transaction for the purpose of redeeming the redeemable senior preferred stock from and after the earliest of: 1) October 27, 2028; 2) 30 days after the redeemable senior preferred stockholders provide written notice to the Company of a failure by the Company to take steps within its control to prevent the Company's Common Stock from no longer being listed; and 3) the date that is 90 days following the Company's failure to consummate a mandatory redemption of the redeemable senior preferred stock upon the occurrence of a change in control or liquidation event. The Company used the proceeds from the April 2021 sale of the redeemable senior preferred stock to partially fund the refinancing to partially fund the Wholesale Payments, Inc. and C&H Financial Services, Inc. acquisitions in the second quarter of 2021 (see Note 2. Acquisitions) and to pay certain fees and expenses relating to the Refinancing and the offering of the redeemable senior preferred stock and warrants. The Company used the proceeds from the September 2021 sale of additional shares of redeemable senior preferred stock to fund the Finxera acquisition (see Note 2. Acquisitions). Warrants On April 27, 2021 the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 1,803,841 shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at an exercise price of $0.001. The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to certain adjustments from time to time on the terms outlined in the warrants. These warrants were exercisable upon issuance. In connection with the issuance of the warrants, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it agreed to provide certain registration rights with respect to the common shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants. Under this agreement the holders of the related shares of Common Stock were granted piggyback rights to be included in certain underwritten offerings of Common Stock and the right to demand a shelf registration of the shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the warrants. As of December 31, 2023, none of the warrants have been exercised. The warrants are considered to be equity contracts indexed in the Company's own shares and therefore were recorded at their inception date relative fair value and are included in additional paid-in capital on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. 79 Table of Contents 12. Income Taxes Components of consolidated income tax (benefit) expense were as follows: (in thousands) U.S. current income tax expense (benefit) Federal State and local Foreign Total current income tax expense (benefit) U.S. deferred income tax expense (benefit) Federal State and local Foreign Total deferred income tax (benefit) expense Total income tax expense (benefit) For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ $ $ $ 10,624 $ 3,187 738 14,549 $ (5,149) $ (712) (225) (6,086) $ 8,463 $ 10,411 $ 2,546 349 13,306 $ (5,001) $ (2,970) 15 (7,956) $ 5,350 $ (2,321) (379) 1 (2,699) (1,343) (1,213) (3) (2,559) (5,258) The Company's consolidated effective income tax rate was 118.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a consolidated effective income tax rate of 167.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company's consolidated effective income tax benefit rate was 135.9%. The effective rate for 2023 differed from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to: 1) an increase in the valuation allowance against certain business interest carryover deferred tax assets. The effective rate for December 31, 2022 differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to: 1) an increase in the valuation allowance against certain business interest carryover deferred tax assets; 2) non-deductible transaction costs incurred in the acquisition of Finxera; 3) the finalization of prior estimates on the sale of the assets of PRET's real estate services business impacting amounts attributable to noncontrolling partners; and 4) an increase in the tax basis of certain intangible assets resulting from a change in a subsidiary's entity status. The effective rate for December 31, 2021, differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily due to earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests and valuation allowance changes against certain business interest carryover deferred tax assets. The following table provides a reconciliation of the consolidated income tax (benefit) expense at the statutory U.S. federal tax rate to actual consolidated income tax (benefit) expense: (in thousands) U.S. federal statutory expense (benefit) Non-controlling interests State and local income taxes, net Foreign rate differential Excess tax benefits pursuant to ASU 2016-09 Valuation allowance changes Nondeductible items Transaction Costs Intangible assets Tax credits Other, net Income tax expense (benefit) 2023 For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 1,502 $ — 1,588 114 235 3,958 768 — — — 298 8,463 $ 672 $ — 421 142 4 4,957 576 — (1,226) (100) (96) 5,350 $ (813) (3,024) (372) — (339) 1,120 703 2,338 (4,110) (223) (538) (5,258) $ $ 80 Table of Contents Deferred income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount of the Company's assets and liabilities, tax credits and their respective tax bases, and loss carry forwards. The significant components of consolidated deferred income taxes were as follows: (in thousands) Deferred Tax Assets: Accruals and reserves Investments in partnership Intangible assets Net operating loss carryforwards Interest limitation carryforwards Other Gross deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets Deferred Tax Liabilities: Prepaid assets Investments in partnership Property and equipment Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets As of December 31, 2023 2022 1,392 $ 689 25,682 934 18,917 3,982 51,596 (19,421) 32,175 (1,124) — (8,518) (9,642) 22,533 $ 1,510 — 15,600 749 15,142 4,107 37,108 (15,462) 21,646 (1,101) (41) (4,057) (5,199) 16,447 $ $ In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company provides a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The assessment considers all available positive and negative evidence and is measured quarterly. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a consolidated valuation allowance of approximately $19.4 million and $15.5 million, respectively, against certain deferred income tax assets related to business interest deduction carryovers and business combination costs that the Company believes are not more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes the tax effects of uncertain tax positions only if such positions are more likely than not to be sustained based solely upon its technical merits at the reporting date. The Company refers to the difference between the tax benefit recognized in its financial statements and the tax benefit claimed in the income tax return as an "unrecognized tax benefit." A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: (in thousands) Balance as of January 1, 2023 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions based on positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Reductions related to lapse of the applicable statutes of limitations Settlements Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ $ 302 — — — (148) — 154 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, affect our effective tax rate was $0.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The Company continually evaluates the uncertain tax benefit associated with its uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the liability for uncertain tax benefits could decrease during the next 12 months by up to $0.1 million due to the expiration of statutes of limitations. 81 Table of Contents The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax and income tax in multiple state jurisdictions. Tax periods for December 31, 2020 and all years thereafter remain open to examination by the federal and state taxing jurisdictions and tax periods for December 31, 2019 and all years thereafter remain open for certain state taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had state NOL carryforwards of approximately $17.9 million and $13.4 million, respectively, with expirations dates ranging from 2023 to 2043. The Company has historically been impacted by the new interest deductibility rule under the Tax Act. This rule disallows interest expense to the extent it exceeds 30% of ATI, as defined. In March 2020, the CARES Act was enacted, which among other provisions, provides for the increase of the 163(j) ATI limitation from 30% to 50% for tax years 2019 and 2020. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had interest deduction limitation carryforwards of $78.1 million. 13. Stockholders' Deficit Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, the holders of the Company's Common Stock possess all voting power for the election of members of the Company's Board of Directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company's stockholders. Holders of the Company's Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders. Holders of the Company's Common Stock will be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company's Board of Directors in its discretion. Historically, the Company has neither declared nor paid dividends. The holders of the Company's Common Stock have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights and there is no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not issued any shares of preferred stock. Share Repurchase Program During the second quarter of 2022, PRTH's Board of Directors authorized a general share repurchase program under which the Company may purchase up to 2.0 million shares of its outstanding Common Stock for a total of up to $10.0 million. Under the terms of this plan, the Company may purchase shares through open market purchases, unsolicited or solicited privately negotiated transactions, or in another manner so long as it complies with applicable rules and regulations. Share re-purchase activity under these programs was as follows: in thousands, except share data, which is in whole units Number of shares purchased Average price paid per share Total Investment (1) (1) Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ — — $ — $ 1,309,374 4.42 5,791 (1) These amounts may differ from the repurchases of Common Stock amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows due to shares withheld for taxes and unsettled share repurchases at the end of the year. Warrants and Purchase Options As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 3,556,470 warrants from the original business combination in July 2018, were outstanding. These warrants allowed the holders to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. These warrants expired on August 24, 2023 and no warrants were exercised. 82 Table of Contents Prior to July 25, 2018, a purchase option was sold to an underwriter for consideration of $100. The purchase option, which survived the business combination, allowed the holders to purchase up to a total of 300,000 units (each consisting of a share of Common Stock and a public warrant) exercisable at $12.00 per unit. The purchase option expired on August 24, 2023. 14. Stock-based Compensation 2018 Equity Incentive Plan The 2018 Plan was approved by the Company's Board of Directors and shareholders in July 2018. The 2018 Plan provided for the issuance of up to 6,685,696 of the Company's Common Stock, and these shares were registered on a Form S-8 during 2018. Under the 2018 Plan, the Company's compensation committee may grant awards of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, SARs, restricted stock awards, RSUs, other stock-based awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing. Any current or prospective employees, officers, consultants or advisors that the Company's compensation committee (or, in the case of non-employee directors, the Company's Board of Directors) selects, from time to time, are eligible to receive awards under the 2018 Plan. If any award granted under the 2018 Plan expires, terminates, or is canceled or forfeited without being settled or exercised, or if a SAR is settled in cash or otherwise without the issuance of shares, shares of the Company's Common Stock subject to such award will again be made available for future grants. In addition, if any shares are surrendered or tendered to pay the exercise price of an award or to satisfy withholding taxes owed, such shares will again be available for grants under the 2018 Plan. On March 17, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors unanimously approved an amendment to the 2018 Plan which was subsequently approved by our shareholders, to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by 2,500,000 shares, resulting in 9,185,696 shares of the Company's Common Stock authorized for issuance under the plan. These additional shares were registered on Form S-8 in December 2022. Stock-based compensation was as follows: (in thousands) 2018 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted stock units compensation expense Stock options compensation expense Liability-classified compensation expense Total stock-based compensation under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan ESPP compensation expense Incentive units compensation expense Total 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 6,423 $ 7 — 6,430 50 288 6,768 $ 6,182 $ 7 — 6,189 39 — 6,228 $ 2,561 327 325 3,213 — — 3,213 For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an income tax expense of approximately $0.1 million for stock-based compensation expense. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized and income tax benefit of approximately $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for stock-based compensation expense. No stock-based compensation has been capitalized. 83 Table of Contents A summary of the activity in stock units for the 2018 Plan is as follows: Common Stock available for issuance at January 1, 2021 Stock options forfeited Stock options expired RSUs granted RSUs forfeited Shares withheld for taxes (1) Common Stock available for issuance at December 31, 2021 New shares authorized for issuance Stock options forfeited RSUs granted RSUs forfeited Shares withheld for taxes (1) Common Stock available for issuance at December 31, 2022 Stock options forfeited RSUs granted RSUs forfeited Shares withheld for taxes (1) Common Stock available for issuance at December 31, 2023 3,862,134 50,589 53,870 (711,987) 1,957 106,477 3,363,040 2,500,000 221,733 (3,223,949) 353,196 291,266 3,505,286 129,380 (641,578) 263,600 291,110 3,547,798 (1) The number of shares surrendered to satisfy withholding taxes owed are subsequently added back to the shares available for grant under the 2018 Plan. Details about the time-based equity-classified stock options granted under the plan are as follows: Outstanding, December 31, 2022 Forfeited (1) Outstanding, December 31, 2023 Exercisable at December 31, 2023 1,005,892 $ (129,380) 876,512 872,762 $ 6.88 6.95 6.87 6.89 Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) 42 5.7 years $ 4.9 years $ 5.0 years $ 16 12 Number of Shares Weighted-average Exercise Price Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (1) Forfeited includes awards for which the participant has been terminated but has 90 days from the date of termination to exercise the award based on the agreement. There were no options granted in 2023, 2022, or 2021. The intrinsic value of options exercised in 2021 was $0.2 million and there were no options exercised in 2023 or 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there was $4.2 thousand of unrecognized compensation costs related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 0.6 years. 84 Table of Contents Equity-classified Restricted Stock Units Below is a summary of the Company's equity-classified RSUs for the periods presented: Service-based vesting: Unvested at January 1, 2021 (1) Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2021 (1) Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2022 (1) Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2023 Performance-based vesting: Unvested at January 1, 2021 (2) Granted Vested Unvested at December 31, 2021 (2) Granted Vested Unvested at December 31, 2022 Granted Forfeited Vested Unvested at December 31, 2023 Underlying Common Shares Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value 596,401 $ 647,512 $ (1,957) $ (362,706) $ 879,250 $ 2,878,948 $ (353,196) $ (822,602) $ 2,582,400 $ 641,578 $ (226,100) $ (1,028,782) $ 1,969,096 $ 139,598 $ 64,475 $ (104,620) $ 99,453 $ 64,366 $ (64,366) $ 99,453 $ 345,000 $ (37,500) $ (116,958) $ 289,995 $ 3.18 6.63 7.92 3.65 5.51 6.14 6.04 5.44 5.70 3.81 5.44 5.60 5.68 2.56 6.90 7.24 4.46 5.00 6.90 3.24 5.31 5.31 5.12 5.31 (1) (2) Includes 143,605 shares with an estimated fair value of $0.5 million, 228,347 shares with an estimated fair value of $1.1 million and 55,689 shares with an estimated fair value of $0.5 million issued to non-employees in December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Includes only the portions of grants for which the performance goals have been determined and communicated to the grant recipient. Any grants for which the required performance goals have not been determined and communicated to the grant recipient are not considered to have been granted for accounting purposes. As of December 31, 2023, there was $9.6 million and $1.2 million of unrecognized compensation costs for equity-classified service-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs, respectively, which are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years and 2.0 years, respectively. The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested in 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.3 million, $0.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively. 85 Table of Contents Employee Stock Purchase Plan On April 16, 2021, the 2021 Stock Purchase Plan was authorized by the Company's Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares available for purchase under the 2021 Stock Purchase Plan is 200,000 shares. The shares issued under the 2021 Stock Purchase Plan may be authorized but unissued or reacquired shares of Common Stock. All employees of the Company who work more than 20 hours per week and have been employed by the Company for at least 30 days may participate in the 2021 Stock Purchase Plan. Under the 2021 Stock Purchase Plan, participants are offered, on the first day of the offering period, the option to purchase shares of Common Stock at a discount on the last day of the offering period. The offering period shall be for a period of three months, and the first offering period began during the first quarter of 2022. The 2021 Stock Purchase Plan provides eligible employees the opportunity to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock on a quarterly basis through payroll deductions at a price equal to 95% of the lesser of the fair value on the first and last trading day of each quarter. 15. Employee Benefit Plans The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution savings plan that covers substantially all of its eligible employees. Under the plan, the Company contributes safe-harbor matching contributions to eligible plan participants on an annual basis. The Company may also contribute additional discretionary amounts to plan participants. The Company's contributions to the plan were $2.0 million, $1.7 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company offers a comprehensive medical benefit plan to eligible employees. All obligations under the plan are fully insured through third-party insurance companies. Employees participating in the medical plan pay a portion of the costs for the insurance benefits. 16. Commitments and Contingencies Minimum Annual Commitments with Third-party Processors The Company has multi-year agreements with third parties to provide certain payment processing services to the Company. The Company pays processing fees under these agreements that are based on the volume and dollar amounts of processed payment transactions. Some of these agreements have minimum annual requirements for processing volumes. Based on existing contracts in place at December 31, 2023, the Company is committed to pay minimum processing fees under these agreements of approximately $21.6 million in 2024 and $21.6 million in 2025. Annual Commitment with Vendor Effective January 1, 2022, the Company entered into a three-year business cooperation agreement with a vendor to resell its services. Under the agreement, the Company purchased vendor services worth $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and is committed to purchase vendor services worth $2.3 million in 2024. The Company committed to capital contributions to fund the operations of certain subsidiaries totaling $26.0 million and $22.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company is obligated to make the contributions within 10 business days of receiving notice for such contribution from the subsidiary. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company contributed $11.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively. Merchant Reserves See Note 4. Settlement Assets and Customer/Subscriber Account Balances and Related Obligations, for information about merchant reserves. 86 Table of Contents Contingent Consideration The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the Company's contingent consideration liabilities related to completed acquisitions: (in thousands) January 1, 2022 Accretion of contingent consideration Fair value adjustments due to changes in estimates of future payments Payment of contingent consideration December 31, 2022 Addition of contingent consideration (related to asset acquisition) Addition of contingent consideration due to resolution of contingency Addition of contingent consideration (related to business combination) Accretion of contingent consideration Fair value adjustments due to changes in estimates of future payments Payment of contingent consideration Adjustment for receivable due to residual shortfall December 31, 2023 Legal Proceedings Contingent Consideration Liabilities 10,686 864 1,195 (4,666) 8,079 263 7,000 8,419 1,658 (19) (9,909) (2,053) 13,438 $ $ $ The Company is involved in certain legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of the Company and based on consultations with inside and outside counsel, the results of any of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. As more information becomes available, and the Company determines that an unfavorable outcome is probable on a claim and that the amount of probable loss that the Company will incur on that claim is reasonably estimable, the Company will record an accrued expense for the claim in question. If and when the Company records such an accrual, it could be material and could adversely impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The Company is involved in a case that was filed on October 11, 2023 and is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Complaint”). The Complaint is a putative class action against The Credit Wholesale Company, Inc. (“Wholesale”), Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., Priority Payment Systems (“PPS”), LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”). The Complaint alleges that Wholesale is an agent of Priority, PPS and Wells Fargo and that it made non-consensual recordation of telephonic communications with California businesses in violation of California Invasion of Privacy Act (the “Act”). The Complaint seeks to certify a class of affected businesses and an award of $5,000 per violation of the Act. As of March 12, 2024, the financial impact, if any, of the outcome of this legal proceeding is neither probable nor estimable. Concentration of Risks The Company's revenue is substantially derived from processing Visa and Mastercard bankcard transactions. Because the Company is not a member bank, to process these bankcard transactions, the Company maintains sponsorship agreements with member banks which require, among other things, that the Company abide by the by-laws and regulations of the card association. 87 Table of Contents A majority of the Company's cash and restricted cash is held in certain FIs, substantially all of which is in excess of federal deposit insurance corporation limits. The Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk from these transactions. 17. Fair Value Fair Value Measurements The Company's contingent consideration derived from business combinations are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the uncertainty of the fair value measurement created by the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value which require judgement. The Company uses valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis based on cash flow projections and Monte Carlo simulations to estimate fair value based on projection period and assumed growth rates. A change in inputs in the valuation techniques used might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement than what is reported. The current portion of contingent consideration is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and the noncurrent portion of contingent consideration is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contingent consideration liabilities related to certain of the Company's acquisitions are uncertain due to the utilization of unobservable inputs and management's judgement in determining the likelihood of achieving the earn-out criteria or the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. These liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following: (in thousands) Contingent consideration, current portion Contingent consideration, noncurrent portion Total contingent consideration Fair Value Hierarchy Level 3 Level 3 Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ 5,951 $ 7,487 13,438 $ 6,079 2,000 8,079 During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no transfers into, out of, or between levels of the fair value hierarchy. Fair Value Disclosures Notes Receivable Notes receivable are carried at amortized cost. Substantially all of the Company's notes receivable are secured, and the Company provides for allowances when it believes that certain notes receivable may not be collectible. The carrying value of the Company's notes receivable, net approximates fair value was approximately $5.2 million and $4.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. On the fair value hierarchy, Level 3 inputs are used to estimate the fair value of these notes receivable. Debt Obligations Outstanding debt obligations (see Note 10. Debt Obligations) are reflected in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value since the Company did not elect to remeasure debt obligations to fair value at the end of each reporting period. The fair value of the term loan facility was estimated to be approximately $651.9 million and $606.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and was estimated using binding and non-binding quoted market prices in an active secondary market, which considers the credit risk and market related conditions, and is within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying values of the other long-term debt obligations approximate fair value due to mechanisms in the credit agreements that adjust the applicable interest rates and the lack of a market for these debt obligations. 88 Table of Contents 18. Segment Information The Company's three reportable segments included SMB Payments, B2B Payments and Enterprise Payments. The Company does not have dedicated assets assigned to any particular reportable segment and such information is not available and continues to be aggregated. More information about our three reportable segments: • • • SMB Payments: Provides full-service acquiring and payment-enabled solutions for B2C transactions, leveraging Priority's proprietary software platform, distributed through ISO, direct sales and vertically focused ISV channels in addition. B2B Payments: Provides market-leading AP automation solutions to corporations, software partners and industry leading FIs (including Citibank and Mastercard) in addition to working improving cash flow by providing instant access to working capital. Enterprise Payments: Provides embedded finance and treasury solutions to enterprise customers to modernize legacy platforms and accelerate software partners' strategies to monetize payments. Corporate includes costs of corporate functions and shared services not allocated to our reportable segments. Information on reportable segments and reconciliations to consolidated revenues, consolidated depreciation and amortization, and consolidated operating income are as follows: (in thousands) Revenues: SMB Payments B2B Payments Enterprise Payments Consolidated revenues Depreciation and amortization: SMB Payments B2B Payments Enterprise Payments Corporate Consolidated depreciation and amortization Operating income: SMB Payments B2B Payments Enterprise Payments Corporate Consolidated operating income Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 582,870 $ 40,726 132,016 755,612 $ 562,237 $ 18,890 82,514 663,641 $ 475,630 17,138 22,133 514,901 41,036 $ 2,221 23,753 1,385 68,395 $ 43,925 $ 744 24,892 1,120 70,681 $ 46,482 $ (2,535) 73,964 (36,387) 81,524 $ 54,866 $ 208 30,937 (29,846) 56,165 $ 41,144 294 7,158 1,101 49,697 52,884 135 6,763 (26,689) 33,093 $ $ $ $ $ $ 89 Table of Contents A reconciliation of total operating income of reportable segments to the Company's net (loss) income is provided in the following table: Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) Total operating income of reportable segments Corporate Interest expense Debt modification and extinguishment costs Gain on sale of business Other income, net Income tax (expense) benefit Net (loss) income 19. (Loss) Earnings per Common Share 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 117,911 $ (36,387) (76,108) — — 1,736 (8,463) (1,311) $ 86,011 $ (29,846) (53,554) — — 589 (5,350) (2,150) $ 59,782 (26,689) (36,485) (8,322) 7,643 202 5,258 1,389 The following tables set forth the computation of the Company's basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share: (in thousands except per share amounts) Numerator: Net (loss) income Less: Dividends and accretion attributable to redeemable senior preferred stockholders Less: NCI preferred unit redemptions Net loss attributable to common stockholders Denominator: Basic: Weighted-average common shares outstanding Basic (loss) earnings per common share (1) Diluted: Weighted-average common shares outstanding Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (1) Diluted (loss) earnings per common share Years Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 (1,311) $ (47,744) — (49,055) $ (2,150) (36,880) — (39,030) $ 1,389 (18,009) (8,021) (24,641) 78,333 78,233 (0.63) $ (0.50) $ 78,333 78,333 78,233 78,233 (0.63) $ (0.50) $ 71,902 (0.34) 71,902 71,902 (0.34) $ $ $ $ (1) The weighted-average common shares outstanding includes 1,803,841 warrants issued in the second quarter of 2021 (refer to Note 11, Redeemable Senior Preferred Stock and Warrants). 90 Table of Contents Potentially anti-dilutive securities that were excluded from (loss) earnings per common share that could potentially be dilutive in future periods are as follows: Common Stock Equivalents at December 31, 2021 2022 2023 — — 1,180 — 900 2,080 3,556 600 2,440 — 1,098 7,694 3,556 600 442 129 1,313 6,040 (in thousands) Outstanding warrants on common stock Outstanding options and warrants issued to adviser (3) Restricted stock awards Liability-classified restricted stock units Outstanding stock option awards (3) (1) (2) Total (1) (2) (3) The warrants were exercisable at $11.50 per share and expired on August 24, 2023. Refer to Note 13. Stockholders' Deficit. The warrants and options were exercisable at $12.00 per share and expired on August 24, 2023. Refer Note 13. Stockholders' Deficit. Granted under the 2018 Plan. 20. Subsequent Events In February 2019, PHOT, a subsidiary of the Company, received contributions of certain assets from its Chairman and CEO and issued redeemable preferred units as consideration. Part of these preferred units were later assigned to other related parties. In May 2021, the Company entered into an exchange agreement wherein these preferred units were exchanged for 1,428,358 equity shares and $814,219 in cash. On October 31, 2023, a lawsuit was filed alleging that the Board breached its fiduciary duties by approving the transaction. The Company denied any wrongdoing. The lawsuit was settled on January 30, 2024, wherein the Company agreed to unwind the exchange transaction and pay $0.4 million to settle all claims. The unwinding of this transaction does not meet the recognition criteria as of December 31, 2023, and therefore considered as non-recognized subsequent event. 91 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure N/A Item 9A. Controls and Procedures (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized or reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO), our principal financial officer (CFO) and, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Company's CEO and CFO concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023. (b) Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the Company's assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company's management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. (c) Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Not applicable due to the Company's status as a non-accelerated filer. 92 Table of Contents (d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting During 2022, the Company implemented new general ledger, accounts payable, consolidation and financial reporting systems. The implementation involved changes to certain processes and related internal controls over financial reporting. The Company has reviewed the system and controls affected and has made the appropriate changes as necessary. There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information Rule 10b5-1 Director and Officer Trading Arrangements On June 16, 2023, Sean Kiewiet, an officer of the Company as defined in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Officer or Director Name and Title Sean Kiewiet, Chief Strategy Officer Action Plan Type Date Number of Shares to be sold Expiration Adopted Rule 10b5-1 June 16, 2023 620,000 December 31, 2024 93 Table of Contents PART III. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information called for by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement relating to the Company's 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. We intend to file such definitive proxy statement with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information called for by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referenced above in Item 10. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information called for by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referenced above in Item 10. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information called for by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referenced above in Item 10. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information called for by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referenced above in Item 10. 94 Table of Contents Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules PART IV. (a) (1) Our consolidated financial statements listed below are set forth in "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (EY PCAOB ID: 42) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit and Non-Controlling Interests for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Page 40 43 44 45 47 49 (2) Financial Statement Schedule N/A (b) Exhibits Exhibit 2.1 2.2 † 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Description Second Amended and Restated Contribution Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2018, by and among Priority Investment Holdings, Priority Incentive Equity Holdings, LLC and M I Acquisitions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14(a), filed July 5, 2018). Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 5, 2021, by and among the Company, Finxera, Merger Sub, and the Equityholder Representative. Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Priority Technology Holdings dated April 16, 2021, filed April 29, 2021 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, Finxera Holdings, Inc., Prime Warrior Acquisition Corp., and Stone Point Capital LLC. Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 31, 2018). Amended and Restated Bylaws of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 31, 2018). Certificate of Designations of Senior Preferred Stock Specimen Unit Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed July 26, 2016). Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed July 26, 2016). Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed July 26, 2016). Warrant Agreement, dated September 13, 2016, by and between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 16, 2016). Description of Securities Form of Warrant 95 Table of Contents 10.1 10.2 † 10.3 10.3.1 10.4 † 10.5 † 10.6 † 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 † 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 † 10.16† 10.17 † 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 21.1 * 23.1 * 31.1 * Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July 25, 2018 by and among M I Acquisitions, Inc. and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 31, 2018). Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 31, 2018). Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Amendment No. 1 to Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Credit Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2021, among the Loan Parties name therein and Truist Bank. Director Agreement by and among Priority Holdings LLC, Pipeline Cynergy Holdings, LLC, Priority Payment Systems Holdings, LLC and Thomas C. Priore, dated May 21, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4/A, filed December 26, 2018). Amendment No. 1 to Director Agreement by and among Priority Holdings LLC, Pipeline Cynergy Holdings, LLC, Priority Payment Systems Holdings, LLC and Thomas C. Priore, dated April 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4/A, filed December 26, 2018). Executive Employment Agreement of Bradley Miller dated April 15, 2022 Executive Employment Agreement of Timothy O'Leary dated September 19, 2022 Form Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement Form of Independent Director Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 29, 2019). Asset Purchase Agreement by and between MRI Payments LLC, MRI Software LLC, and Priority Real Estate Technology LLC, dated August 31, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 1, 2020). Support Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2021, by and among the Stockholders and Finxera Debt Commitment Letter, dated as of March 5, 2021, between Priority Holdings, LLC and Truist Securities, Inc. Preferred Stock Commitment Letter, dated as of March 5, 2021, among the Company and certain affiliates of Ares Capital Management LLC Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2021, among the Company and the Investors named therein Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2021, among the Company and the Investors name therein Credit Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2021, among the Loan Parties name therein and Truist Bank Amendment No. 2, dated September 17, 2021, to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2021, by and among the Loan Parties named therein and Truist Bank. Third Amendment to the Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2023, by and among Priority Holdings, LLC, as the Initial Borrower, the Credit Parties thereto, the 2023 Incremental Revolving Credit Lender and Truist Bank, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. Fourth Amendment to the Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2023, by and among Priority Holdings, LLC, as the Initial Borrower, the Credit Parties party thereto, the 2023-1 Incremental Term Lender and Truist Bank, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent. Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Recoupment Policy adopted March 1, 2023 Amendment No. 1 to Equity and Asset Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2023, by and among Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC, Plastiq Inc., PLV Inc. and Nearside Business Corp. Side Letter Agreement, dated July 28, 2023, by and between Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC and Colonnade Acquisition Corp. II. Earnout Agreement, dated July 31, 2023, by and among Plastiq, Powered by Priority, LLC, Plastiq Inc., PLV Inc., Nearside Business Corp., Blue Torch Finance, LLC and Priority Holdings, LLC. Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of the Powers, Preferences and Relative, Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights, and Qualifications, Limitations and Restrictions thereof, of Senior Preferred Stock. Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plan, dated June 16, 2023, by and between Sean Kiewiet and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC. Subsidiaries Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 96 Table of Contents 31.2 * 32 * 101.INS * 101.SCH * 101.CAL * 101.LAB * 101.PRE * 101.DEF * Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document * Filed herewith ** Furnished herewith † Indicates exhibits that constitute management contracts or compensation plans or arrangements. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 97 Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. March 12, 2024 PRIORITY TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC. /s/ Thomas C. Priore Thomas C. Priore President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Thomas C. Priore Thomas C. Priore /s/ Timothy M. O'Leary Timothy M. O'Leary /s/ Rajiv Kumar Rajiv Kumar /s/ John Priore John Priore /s/ Michael Passilla Michael Passilla /s/ Marietta C. Davis Marietta C. Davis /s/ Christina M. Favilla Christina M. Favilla /s/ Marc Crisafulli Marc Crisafulli President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) Director Director Director Director Director 98 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 Subsidiaries of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. EXHIBIT 21.1 Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. Priority Holdings, LLC Priority Payment Systems, LLC Priority Hospitality Technology, LLC Priority Ovvi, LLC Priority Payright Health Solutions, LLC Priority Commerce Canada, Inc. (Canada) Priority Real Estate Technology, LLC Priority Finance, LLC Priority Commercial Payments, LLC Plastiq, Powered by Priority LLC Plastiq Canada, Inc. (Canada) Finxera Holdings, Inc. Finxera Intermediate, LLC Finxera, Inc. Priority IDC Private Limited (India) Enhanced Capital RETC Fund XII, LLC Priority Account Administration Services, Inc. Priority Tech Ventures, LLC Priority Ambient TPA Solutions, LLC Priority Property Rev, LLC Priority Wave, LLC Priority Build, LLC EXHIBIT 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: (1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-226713) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., (2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-230620) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-264064) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., (4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-268918) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc., and (5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-268919) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc.; of our report dated March 12, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Atlanta, Georgia March 12, 2024 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 303 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Thomas C. Priore, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. March 12, 2024 /s/ Thomas C. Priore Thomas C. Priore President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Timothy O'Leary, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. March 12, 2024 /s/ Timothy O'Leary Timothy O'Leary Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Exhibit 32 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Priority Technology Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), each of the undersigned, on the dates indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company. March 12, 2024 March 12, 2024 /s/ Thomas C. Priore Thomas C. Priore President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Timothy O'Leary Timothy O'Leary Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) The foregoing certifications are being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and are not being filed as part of the Report on Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document. 

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