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Prospex Energy PLC

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FY2017 Annual Report · Prospex Energy PLC
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REGISTERED NUMBER: 03896382 (England and Wales) 

Strategic Report, Report of the Directors and 

Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2017 

for 

Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Contents of the Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Company Information     

Chairman's Report     

Strategic Report     

Report of the Directors     

Report of the Independent Auditors     

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other 
Comprehensive Income     

Statement of Financial Position     

Statement of Changes in Equity     

Statement of Cash Flows     

Notes to the Statement of Cash Flows     

Notes to the Financial Statements     

Page 

1 

2 

4 

6 

9 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Company Information 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

DIRECTORS: 

E R Dawson 
Dr. R P Mays 
W H Smith 
J N Smith 

SECRETARY: 

G Desler   

REGISTERED OFFICE: 

Stonebridge House 
Chelmsford Road 
Hatfield Heath 
Essex 
CM22 7BD 

REGISTERED NUMBER: 

03896382 (England and Wales) 

AUDITORS: 

Adler Shine LLP 
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor 
Aston House 
Cornwall Avenue 
London 
N3 1LF 

Page 1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Chairman's Report 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

2017 may well have been just the second full year the current management team has been in place at 
Prospex but that has not prevented considerable progress being made during the year towards delivering 
on our corporate objective: to build an oil and gas investment company with a growing portfolio of late 
stage European projects with short timelines to value trigger events, such as drilling.    Over the course of 
the year, Prospex acquired material interests in three core projects, Suceava in Romania, Podere Gallina 
in Italy and Tesorillo in Spain. We have also participated in the drilling of three new wells, two of which 
resulted in gas discoveries in Italy and Romania; and, towards the end of the period, we embarked on a 
programme to de-risk up to 2TCF of gas resources at the Tesorillo Project in Spain. 

We have been able to achieve so much in such a short period thanks to our focus on acquiring interests 
in late stage projects where considerable resources have already been invested.    This not only saves the 
Company significant expense, it also enables us to apply, at low cost, new techniques and technologies to 
legacy  data,  thereby  accelerating  the  process  of  de-risking  existing  targets  or  identifying  new  plays. 
Depending  on  the  results,  high  impact  drilling  activity  can  then  be  fast  tracked.    Our  two-out-of-three 
success rate with the drilling shows that we are able to achieve this without compromising the quality of 
the technical work undertaken. Furthermore, a successful well does not begin and end with drilling.    Flow 
testing,  reserves  estimates,  additional  drilling  and  first  production  are  among  major  milestones  that 
typically need to be met before the value of an oil and gas project can be fully realised.    A positive well 
result therefore can lead  to a pipeline of near term value trigger events that our shareholders can look 
forward to. 

This  is  precisely  where  we  are  at  with  our  projects  in  Italy  and  Romania.  Thanks  to  the  success  we 
enjoyed in the second half of 2017 the year ahead will not be short of high impact activity.    In 2018 we 
have already has seen confirmation that the Podere Maiar-1d appraisal/redevelopment well on the Podere 
Gallina Exploration Permit ('Podere Gallina') in the Po Valley region of Italy is a commercial gas discovery 
after the testing of two gas bearing reservoirs exceeded expectations. Flow rates were well in excess of 
the  pre-test  target  of  100,000  scm/day,  while  methane  gas  content  of  99.1%  was  recorded  at  both 
levels.    The permitting process is now underway to bring Podere Maiar-1d into production, and in tandem 
with  this,  work  is  ongoing  to  generate  revised  contingent  resource  and  reserve  estimates  based  on 
analysis of the log and well test results.      This includes reservoir engineering to optimise production from 
the two gas levels over the field life. 

Podere  Maiar-1d  successfully  tested  the  shut-in  Selva  gas-field,  which  was  previously  operated  by  ENI 
and  historically  produced  80+  Bcf  of  gas  between  1960  and  1984.    Prior  to  drilling,  the  well  was 
targeting contingent resources  (2C) of 17 Bcf.    In addition to  Selva, other  targets have  been  identified 
on the licence, offering considerable upside of up to 40.6 BCFG of prospective resources as detailed in an 
historic Competent Person's Report ('CPR').  Contingent resource  and reserve  estimates, first production 
and  potential  follow-up  drilling  all  represent  additional  value  drivers  that  our  shareholders  can  look 
forward to at Podere Gallina. 

It is a similar story at the Exploration Area of the EIV-1 Suceava Concession in onshore Romania.    Here 
first production from the Bainet gas discovery, which was successfully drilled in Q4 2017 by the Bainet-1 
well, is set to commence in Q2 2018.    Bainet-1, which was drilled to a total depth of 600m, encountered 
9m  of  reservoir  with  8m  of  net  gas  pay  consisting  of  a  good  quality  Sarmatian  sandstone  reservoir, 
similar  to  that  found  in  fields  producing  elsewhere  in  the  concession.  During  testing,  natural  gas 
containing  over  99%  methane  flowed  at  a  rate  of  approximately  33,000  cubic  metres/day  through  an 
8mm choke.    Production from Bainet-1, which was completed as a producer and lies close to an existing 
gas  processing  plant  and  associated  infrastructure,  will  represent  Prospex's  first  internally  generated 
revenues.    It will also provide the Company with a platform with which to target additional prospects and 
leads on the concession area. 

Our third core project, Tesorillo in Spain, may be less advanced in terms of monetisation, but as with our 
projects  in  Italy  and  Romania,  it  holds  a  gas  discovery  which  a  CPR  has  assigned  gross  unrisked 
Prospective  Resources  of  830  billion  cubic  feet  of  gas  (Best  Estimate),  with  upside  in  excess  of  2  TCF. 
Clearly  these  are  huge  numbers.    We  are  very  keen  to  commence  the  de-risking  process  and  a  fully 
funded  work  programme  at  the  38,000ha  project  is  underway  to  test  known  gas  bearing  sandstone 
sequences.    An Audio Magnetotellurics ('AMT') survey is due to commence in the near term to evaluate 
the subsurface geology of the licence area and test for resistivity, as a further indicator of the presence of 
hydrocarbons.    As  well  as  holding  a  historic  gas  discovery,  Tesorillo  benefits  from  being  located  in  a 
proven hydrocarbon region and has excellent access to nearby infrastructure, offering a fast track route 
to monetisation. 

Page 2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Chairman's Report 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Financial Review 
At  the  time  of  our  2016  final  results  we  assigned  a  carrying  value  of  £3,910,388  to  the  Company's 
investment in the Kolo licence in Poland.      Following the result of the Boleslaw-1 well in January 2017, 
the Company    took the decision to write down the carrying value of its Investment in Hutton Poland to 
£1,442,011, resulting in an exploration write-off during the six months to 30 June 2017 of £2,308,500. 
In  April  2018,  the  Company,  together  with  its  joint  venture  partners,  decided  not  to  extend  the  Kolo 
Licence  into  its  second  2  year  term,  as  a  result  the  Directors  have  written  down  the  remaining  value 
investment  to  zero  at  the  2017  year  end.  This  has  led  to  a  further  loss  of  £1,543,888  in  the  6  month 
period  to  the  end  of  2017  bringing  the  total  write  down  for  the  Polish  investment  in  the  year  to 
£3,852,388. 

In August the Company announced its entry into Romania with an investment in the Exploration Area of 
the  EIV-1  Suceava  Concession.  Notwithstanding  the  positive  well  result  obtained,  and  the  near-term 
prospect  of  revenues,  the  Board  have  decided  to  keep  the  carrying  value  of  this  asset  at  its  cost  of 
£1,062,687 at the year end conservatively awaiting for production to start. 

The entry into the Po Valley has got off to a flying start. Based on the drilling results of the Podere Maiar 
well  and  the  better  than  expected  flow  results  in  January,  the  Board  have  revalued  the  Italian 
investment, which cost £500,000 upward by £1,642,947. This represents a conservative allocation of the 
expected value that the Board expects to ultimately realise. 

The Company's Spanish investment - The Schuepbach Energy Espania S.r.l share acquisition announced 
in late December - was completed in January 2018. As a result, no value has been attributed in the 2017 
accounts.  With  the  positive  reinvigoration  of  the  project  the  directors  expect  a  significant  uplift  in 
valuation over future periods as the project progresses. 

In January 2018, the Company raised £1.2million via an oversubscribed placing of 200,000,000 ordinary 
shares  at  a  price  of  0.6  pence  per  New  Ordinary  Share  to  fully  fund  the  Company's  2018  basic  work 
programmes  across  its  portfolio.    This  includes  the  successful  flow  testing  of  the  Podere  Maiar  well  in 
Italy in Q1 2018; the planned commencement of production at the Bainet gas discovery in Romania in Q2 
2018; and work to further delineate the gas discovery at Tesorillo in Spain, including the upcoming AMT 
Survey. 

Outlook 
Few  junior  oil  and  gas  companies  can  lay  to  claim  to  having  drilled  three  new  wells  in  three  different 
jurisdictions over a 12 month period, two of which  resulted in commercial gas discoveries.      Thanks to 
the  efforts  of  the  executive  team,  who  came  on  board  with  the  intention  of  applying  their  proven 
expertise and experience  within the sector  to  build  a leading oil and gas investment company,  Prospex 
can.  Furthermore, following the progress made during  the year under review, Prospex has an excellent 
platform in place with which to expose shareholders to multiple value trigger events in the year ahead, 
including the commencement of the Company's first internally generated cash flows once the Bainet gas 
discovery comes on line in Q2 2018. 

With  over  2TCF  of  gas  resources  our  existing  portfolio  of  investments  already  has  significant 
company-making  potential.    However,  we  continue  to  evaluate  additional  assets  that  match  our 
investment criteria: low cost, undervalued,  late stage projects located in proven  European  hydrocarbon 
jurisdictions  where  considerable  legacy  data  is  accessible  and  importantly  where  short  timelines  to 
production have been defined.    I look forward to providing further updates on our progress during what 
promises to be an exciting period for Prospex and our shareholders, one in which we are confident that 
the  disconnect  that  has  opened  up  between  our  market  valuation  and  the  underlying  value  of  our 
portfolio will begin to close. 

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the management team, our advisers and of course 
our shareholders for their support of the Company during the period. 

Bill Smith 
Non-Executive Chairman 
7 June 2018 

Page 3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Strategic Report 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2017. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY 
The principal activity of the Company is that of an Investment Company. 

STRATEGY 
The  Company's  Investing  Policy  is  to  invest  in  and/or  acquire  companies  and/or  projects  within  the 
natural resources and/or energy sector with potential for growth and/or income. The Company may also 
directly  apply  for  new  exploration  licences  or  invest  in  existing  licences.  It  is  anticipated  that  the 
geographical  focus  will  primarily  be  Europe.    However,  investments  may  also  be  considered  in  other 
regions should the directors consider that valuable opportunities exist and returns can be achieved. 

BUSINESS REVIEW 
A  review  of  the  development  and  performance  of  the  Company,  including  important  events,  progress 
during the year and likely future developments, can be found in the Chairman's Statement. 

In summary: 
-  administrative  expenses,  before  bad  debt  provision  for  continuing  operations  for  the  year  rose  to 
£1,003,630 (2016: gain - £778,093) 
- bad debt provision against amount due from subsidiary undertaking - £1,543,888 (2016 - £nil) 
-  unrealised  loss  arising  on  financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  was  £613,723  (2016: 
£2,345.557) 
- net loss after taxation from continuing operations was £3,161,241 (2016: Profit - £1,567,464) 
- as at 31 December 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of £850,060 (2016: £466,413) 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 
The  business  Key  Performance  Indicator  ('KPI')  monitored  by  the  Board  is  focussed  on  managing  the 
investing activities of the Company. The financial KPI is to ensure that there is adequate funding in place 
to cover the Company's investing activities and holding company costs. 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 
The Board regularly reviews the risks to which the Company is exposed and seeks to minimise the effects 
of these risks through careful monitoring of the risks on an ongoing basis. 

The principal risks and uncertainties which the Company face include: 

Early  stage  investments  in  the  natural  resources  sector  carry  a  high  level  of  risk  and  uncertainty, 
although  the  rewards  can  be  outstanding.  At  this  stage  there  can  be  no  certainty  of  outcome  and,  in 
addition,  there  is  often  a  lack  of  liquidity  in  the  Company's  investments  that  are  either  unquoted  or 
quoted  on  AIM,  such  that  the  Company  may  have  difficulty  in  realising  the  full  value  in  a  forced  sale. 
Accordingly,  a  commitment  to  invest  is  only  made  after  thorough  research  into  both  the  management 
and the business of the target, both of which are closely monitored thereafter. 

Organisational 
The  Company  is  highly  dependent  on  the  Directors.  Whilst  the  board  will  continue  to  ensure  that  the 
Directors  are  appropriately  incentivised,  their  services  cannot  be  guaranteed,  and  the  loss  of  their 
services  to  the  Company  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  performance  of  the  Company.  In 
addition, the competition for qualified personnel in the oil and gas industry can be intense and there can 
be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  attract  and  retain  all  personnel  necessary  in  the 
required jurisdictions for the future development and operation of its business. 

Page 4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Strategic Report 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
The  Board  is  committed  to  maintaining  high  standards  of  corporate  governance.  While  Prospex  Oil  and 
Gas Plc does not formally comply with an official corporate governance code, the Board has implemented 
appropriate  measures  including  the  establishment  of  Audit  and  Remuneration  Committees  (detailed 
below) to ensure that the Company adheres to a standard which is practicable for a Company of its size 
and stage of development. 

As  a  result  of  recent  changes  to  the  AIM  Rules  for  Companies,  the  Board  is  currently  reviewing  which 
corporate  governance  code  to  apply  to  the  Company  on  a  comply  or  explain  basis  as  required  by  28 
September 2018. 

The  Board  is  committed  to  creating  value  for  shareholders;  determining  strategy,  investment  and 
acquisition  policy;  approving  significant  items  of  expenditure;  and  considering  significant  financing  and 
legal matters. 

The  Board  has  referred  certain  responsibilities  to  the  Board  Committees,  which  operate  within  defined 
terms. The current composition and responsibility of Board Committees is as follows: 

Remuneration committee 
The Remuneration Committee consists of William Smith and Richard Mays who also chairs the committee, 
and is responsible for making recommendations to the Board, within agreed terms of reference, on the 
Company's  framework  of  executive  remuneration  and  its  cost.  The  Committee  determines  the  contract 
terms, remuneration and other benefits for any executive directors, including performance related bonus 
schemes,  pension  rights  and  compensation  payments.  The  Board  itself  determines  the  remuneration  of 
the non-executive directors. 

Audit committee 
The  Audit  Committee  consists  of  Richard  Mays  and  William  Smith,  who  also  chairs  the  committee,  and 
provides  a  forum  for  reporting  by  the  Company's  external  auditors.  The  Committee  is  responsible  for 
reviewing a wide range of matters, including half-year and annual results before their submission to the 
Board, and for monitoring the controls that are in force to ensure the integrity of information reported to 
shareholders.  The  Committee  advises  the  Board  on  the  appointment  of  external  auditors  and  on  their 
remuneration for both audit and non-audit work, and discusses the nature, scope and results of the audit 
with  the  external  auditors.  The  Committee  keeps  under  review  the  cost  effectiveness  and  the 
independence and objectivity of the external auditors 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: 

E R Dawson - Director   

Date:   7 June 2018   

Page 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Report of the Directors 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

The directors present their report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017. 

DIVIDENDS 
No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2017.   

The results for the year are set out on page 13. 

EVENTS SINCE THE END OF THE YEAR 
Information relating to events since the end of the year is given in the notes to the financial statements.   

DIRECTORS 
The  directors  shown  below  have  held  office  during  the  whole  of  the  period  from  1 January 2017  to  the 
date of this report.   

E R Dawson 
Dr. R P Mays 
W H Smith 
J N Smith 

The  Directors  of  the  Company  held  the  following  beneficial  interests  in  the  ordinary  shares  of  the 
Company: 

Edward Dawson 
Richard Mays 
William Smith 
James Smith   

2017 
No. of shares 
2,639,344 
2,811,474 
9,139,344 
4,000,000 

2016 
No. of shares 
2,639,344   
2,811,474   
9,139,344   

- 

Share options 
The Directors of the Company held share  options granted under the Company share  option scheme, as 
indicated below.    No share options were exercised during the year. Full details of the share options held 
are disclosed in note 22 to the financial statements. 

Edward Dawson 
Richard Mays 
William Smith 
James Smith (appointed 23 December 2016) 

2017 
No. of shares 
  24,322,148 
  14,720,508 
  14,720,508 
11,831,168 

2016 
No. of shares 
  7,381,875 
  4,325,340 
  4,325,340 
1,436,000 

65,594,332 

17,468,555   

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
The company's financial risk management objectives and policies are set out in note 17 to the financial 
statements. 

GOING CONCERN 
In  common  with  many  investment  companies,  the  Company  raises  finance  for  its  investments,  as  and 
when required. 

The Directors prepare annual budgets and cash flow projections that extend beyond 12 months from the 
date of this report. 

DIRECTORS' INSURANCE 
The Directors and officers of the Company are insured against any claims against them for any wrongful 
act  in  their  capacity  as  a  Director,  officer  or  employee  of  the  Company,  subject  to  the  terms  and 
conditions of the policy 

Page 6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Report of the Directors 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS 
The Company has been notified of the following voting rights as a shareholder of the company as at 29 
May 2018: 

ordinary shares 

No. of   

% of issued 
share capital 

B Hale 

38,720,900 

3.20% 

The market value of the Company's shares at 31 December 2017 was 0.56p and the high and low share 
prices during the period were 2.65p and 0.30p respectively. 

CREDITOR PAYMENT POLICY 
The company's current policy concerning the payment of trade creditors is to: 
- settle the terms of payment with suppliers when agreeing the terms of each transaction; 
-  ensure  that  suppliers  are  made  aware  of  the  terms  of  payment  by  inclusion  of  the  relevant  terms  in 
contracts; and 
- pay in accordance with the company's contractual and other legal obligations. 
On average, trade creditors at the year-end represented 20 days' purchases. 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Annual  Report  and  financial  statements  in  accordance 
with applicable law and regulations. 

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.  Under  that 
law, the Directors have, as required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange, elected to prepare 
the  Company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as 
adopted by the European Union. 

Under  company  law  the  Directors  must  not  approve  the  financial  statements  unless  they  are  satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the 
Company for that period. The Directors are  also  required to prepare  financial statements in accordance 
with  the  rules  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  for  companies  trading  securities  on  the  Alternative 
Investment Market. In preparing each of the Company financial statements the Directors are required to: 

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
- make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
-  state whether  they have been  prepared  in accordance  with IFRSs as  adopted by the European Union, 
subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that 
the Company will continue in business. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and 
explain  the  Company's  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial 
position  of  the  Company  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the 
Company  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

Under applicable law and regulations, the Directors are also responsible for preparing a Strategic Report, 
Directors'  Report,  Directors'  Remuneration  Report  and  Corporate  Governance  Statement  that  complies 
with that law and those regulations. 

Page 8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Report of the Directors 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

The Directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made 
available on a website. Financial statements are published on the Company's website in accordance with 
legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, 
which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company's 
website is the responsibility of the Directors. The Directors' responsibility also extends to the ongoing 
integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS 
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the 
Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the 
steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information.   

AUDITORS 
The  auditors,  Adler  Shine  LLP,  will  be  proposed  for  re-appointment  at  the  forthcoming  Annual  General 
Meeting. 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: 

E R Dawson - Director   

Date:   7 June 2018   

Page 8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Prospex Oil And Gas Plc (the 'company') for the year ended 
31 December 2017 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Financial 
Position, the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flow and Notes to the Statement of 
Cash  Flows  and  the  related  notes,  including  a  summary  of  significant  accounting  policies.  The  financial 
reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.   

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 
of  the  Companies  Act  2006.  Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the 
company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for 
no other purpose. To the  fullest extent permitted by  law,  we do  not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone  other  than  the  company  and  the  company's  members  as  a  body,  for  our  audit  work,  for  this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed.   

In our opinion the financial statements: 
-  give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of its loss 

for the year then ended;   

-  have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and   
-  have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.   

Basis for opinion 
We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (UK))  and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditors' 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report.    We are independent of the 
company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements  in  the  UK,  including  the  FRC's  Ethical  Standard,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.    We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.   

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require 
us to report to you where:   
-  the  directors'  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial 

statements is not appropriate; or   

-  the  directors  have  not  disclosed in  the  financial  statements  any  identified  material  uncertainties  that 
may cast significant doubt about the company's ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  when  the  financial  statements  are 
authorised for issue.   

Page 9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of 
material  misstatement  (whether  or  not  due  to  fraud)  we  identified,  including  those  which  had  the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources  in the audit; and directing  the 
efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These  matters  were  addressed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  of  the 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters. 

The key audit matters identified were: 

Going concern 
Area of focus 
Refer  to  Note  2  to  the  financial  statements  for  the  directors'  disclosures  of  related  accounting  policies, 
judgements and estimates. The Directors have concluded that the Company has sufficient cash resources 
and cash inflows to continue  its activities for not  less than  twelve months from  the date of approval of 
these  financial  statements  and  have  therefore  prepared  these  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern 
basis. 

Management produces a cash flow forecast based on the board plans. 

The key judgment within the cash flow forecast that we particularly focused on are: 

o The continued availability of funding. 
o Cash outflows expected from investing activities 
o Flexibility of the investment programme 

How our audit addressed the area of focus 
We assessed the reasonableness and support for the judgments underpinning management's forecast. 

We  considered  the  reasonableness  of  the  assumptions  within  management's  proposed  cost  reduction 
actions. 

Our  conclusion  on  management's  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  is  included  in  the  going 
concern section of the report. 

Valuation of Investments 
Area of focus - Fair Value of PXOG Marshall Limited 
The  fair  value  of  the  investments  that  are  not  traded  on  the  active  market  is  determined  using  the 
valuation techniques such as NPV analysis. During the year Prospex Oil and Gas acquired 17% working 
interest in the Podere Gallina Exploration Permit in the Po Valley region of Italy, a proven play in a prolific 
hydrocarbon  region  -  up  to  40.6  BCFG  of  prospective  resources.  A  total  gain  of  £1,642,947  was 
recognised on this investment for the year ended 31.12.2017. 

Management  utilised  an  NPV  model  to  calculate  the  increase  in  value  of  this  investment  as  of  the  year 
ended 31.12.2017. 

How our audit addressed the area of focus 
We obtained a copy of the NPV model used and a copy of CPR report provided by CGG to calculate the 
increase in valuation of investment. 

We reviewed the documentation in respect of the investment made. We gained an understanding of the 
key assumptions and judgements underlying the model. We reviewed 2 different NPV calculations made 
as the Well can be drilled via 3 different ways which would then have 3 different outputs. We assessed 
the appropriateness of the methodology applied and tested the mathematical accuracy of the models. 

We considered the increase in the valuation of investment in the financial statements of the company to 
be reasonable. 

Page 10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Area of focus - Fair Value of PXOG County Limited - Hutton Poland Investment 
The  company's  investment  in  Kolo  Licence  in  Poland  was  written  off  completely  as  of  the  year  ended 
31.12.2017. 

How our audit addressed the area of focus 
This  is  in  line  with  the  Board  Of  Directors'  valuation  report  provided  to  us  and  the  fact  that  no  oil  was 
found. 

Area of focus - Fair Value of PXOG Massey Limited 
In August 2017, a 50% working interest was acquired in the exploration area of the Suceava license from 
Raffles  Energy,  who  are  the  block  operator.  We  agreed  and  concluded  that  this  investment  should  be 
recognised at cost due to the fact that the operator is relatively opaque at this point regarding potential 
production volumes. 

How our audit addressed the area of focus 
We  reviewed  announcements  made  to  AIM  and  agreed  payments  made  to  Raffles  Ltd  for  the  50% 
interest in Suceava Concession. 

Valuation of warrants and share options 
Area of focus 
The  company  granted  warrants  and  share  options  during  the  year  to  advisers  and  shareholders  on  a 
placing  of  ordinary  shares  and  for  services  provided  resulting  in  a  charge  of  £170,354  and  £10,142, 
against the Statement of Profit or Loss and share premium respectively. 

Management utilised a Black Scholes option pricing model to calculate the charge which required the use 
of assumptions and judgements. 

How our audit addressed the area of focus. 
We obtained a copy of the model used to calculate the share-based payments charge. 

We  reviewed  the  documentation  in  respect  of  the  warrants  and  the  share  options.  We  gained  an 
understanding  of  the  key  assumptions  and  judgements  underlying  the  model.  We  assessed  the 
appropriateness of the methodology applied and tested the mathematical accuracy of the models. 

We  considered  the  charge  provided  in  the  financial  statements  of  the  group  and  company  to  be 
reasonable. 

Our application of materiality 
Materiality for the Company was £72,000 (2016: £62,000) based on an average of 5% of adjusted loss 
before tax and 2% of net assets (2016: based on 5% of adjusted loss before tax and 2% on net assets). 

Loss before tax is the key metric, we believe, as it is most commonly used by the shareholders as a body 
in assessing the Company's performance. In the case of Prospex, the value of its investments and assets 
are also key as the Company is still in the development stage. We therefore considered that materiality 
weighted  on  the  loss  for  the  year  but  which  also  considered  the  net  assets  of  the  Company  to  be 
reasonable. 

Other information 
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
in  the  Annual  Report,  but  does  not  include  the  financial  statements  and  our  Report  of  the  Auditors 
thereon.   

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon.   

In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing  so, consider whether  the  other information is materially inconsistent with the 
financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially 
misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement 
of this other information, we are required to report that fact.    We have nothing to report in this regard.   

Page 11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 
-  the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for 

which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and   

-  the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable 

legal requirements.   

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  company  and  its  environment  obtained  in  the 
course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report 
of the Directors.   

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us 
to report to you if, in our opinion:   
-  adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept,  or  returns  adequate  for  our  audit  have  not  been 

received from branches not visited by us; or   

-  the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or   
-  certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or   
-  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.   

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  statement  of  directors'  responsibilities,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and 
for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to 
continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the 
going  concern  basis  of  accounting  unless  the  directors  either  intend  to  liquidate  company  or  to  cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  a  Report  of  the  Auditors 
that includes our opinion.    Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that 
an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  (UK)  will  always  detect  a  material  misstatement  when  it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the 
basis of these financial statements.   

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the 
Financial  Reporting  Council's  website  at  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This  description  forms 
part of our Report of the Auditors.   

Darsh Shah (Senior Statutory Auditor)   
for and on behalf of Adler Shine LLP   
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor 
Aston House 
Cornwall Avenue 
London 
N3 1LF 

Date: 7 June 2018   

Page 12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Notes 

CONTINUING OPERATIONS 
Revenue 

Administrative expenses 

OPERATING LOSS 

Finance costs 

Finance income 

(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE INCOME 
TAX   

Income tax 

(LOSS)/PROFIT FOR THE YEAR   
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE 
(LOSS)/INCOME FOR THE YEAR   

Earnings per share expressed 
in pence per share: 
Basic 

4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

2017 
£ 

- 

(2,547,518) 

(2,547,518) 

(613,723) 

2016 
£ 

- 

(778,093) 

(778,093) 

- 

- 

2,345,557 

(3,161,241) 

1,567,464 

- 

(3,161,241) 

- 

- 

1,567,464 
- 

(3,161,241) 

1,567,464 

(0.58)p 

0.96p 

The notes form part of these financial statements 

Page 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc (Registered number: 03896382) 

Statement of Financial Position 
31 December 2017 

ASSETS 
NON-CURRENT ASSETS 
Property, plant and equipment 
Investments 
Loans and other financial assets   

CURRENT ASSETS 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY 
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Merger reserve 
Capital redemption reserve 
Retained earnings 

TOTAL EQUITY 

LIABILITIES 
CURRENT LIABILITIES 
Trade and other payables 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

Notes 

10 
11 
12 

13 
14 

15 

16 

2017 
£ 

429 
2,426,789 
1,062,587 

3,489,805 

149,231 
850,060 

999,291 

2016 
£ 

849 
2,540,312 
1,601,888 

4,143,049 

31,766 
466,413 

498,179 

4,489,096 

4,641,228 

5,835,587 
8,862,779 
2,416,667 
43,333 

(12,735,116) 

5,107,779 
6,740,144 
2,416,667 
43,333 
(9,754,371) 

4,423,250 

4,553,552 

65,846 

65,846 

87,676 

87,676 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

4,489,096 

4,641,228 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 7 June 2018 and were signed on its 
behalf by:   

E R Dawson - Director   

The notes form part of these financial statements 

Page 14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Statement of Changes in Equity 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Note 

  Share capital   
  £   

  Share 
premium   
  £   

  Merger 
reserve   
  £   

  Capital 
redemption 

reserve   
  £   

  Retained 

earnings   
  £   

  Total   
  £   

Balance at 1 January 2016 
Changes in equity 
Loss for the year 
Issue of shares 
Costs of shares issued 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

    2,657,234   

    6,732,714   

    2,416,667   

            43,333   

(11,391,424) 

  458,524   

                    -       

    2,450,545   

                    -       
                    -       

        70,455   
(63,025) 

                    -       
                  -                              -       
                    -       
                    -       
                    -                              -       
                    -                              -                              -       

  1,567,464   
                      -       
                  -       

        69,589   

    1,567,464   
2,521,000   
(63,025) 
      69,589   

Balance at 31 December 2016 

5,107,779   

6,740,144   

2,416,667   

43,333   

(9,754,371) 

4,553,552   

Changes in equity 
Loss for the year 
Issue of shares 
Costs of shares issued 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

15 

                    -       
727,808   
                    -       
                    -       

                    -       

    2,372,193   
(239,416) 
(10,142) 

                  -       
                    -       
                    -       
                    -       

                    -        (3,161,241) 

                  -       
                    -       
                    -       

(3,161,241) 
                    -            3,100,001   
(239,416) 
                    -       
        170,354   
180,496   

Balance at 31 December 2017 

5,835,587   

8,862,779   

2,416,667   

43,333    (12,735,116) 

4,423,250   

Share capital   
Represents the nominal value of the issued share capital.   

Share premium account   
Represents amounts received in excess of the nominal value on the issue of share capital less any costs associated with the issue of shares.     

Merger reserve   
Represents the difference between the nominal value of the share capital issued by the Company and the fair value of the subsidiary at the date of acquisition.   

Capital redemption reserve   
A reserve into which amounts are transferred following the redemption or purchase of the company’s own shares.   

Retained earnings   
Represents accumulated comprehensive income for the year and prior periods.   

The notes form part of these financial statements 

Page 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
             
             
             
                       
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
         
         
         
                   
         
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Statement of Cash Flows 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Cash generated from operations 

1 

Net cash from operating activities 

2017 
£ 

(972,151) 

(972,151) 

2016 
£ 

(577,235) 

(577,235) 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of fixed asset investments 

(1,504,787) 

(1,796,543) 

Net cash from investing activities 

(1,504,787) 

(1,796,543) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Share issue 
Costs of shares issued 

3,100,001 

(239,416) 

2,521,000 
(63,025) 

Net cash from financing activities 

2,860,585 

2,457,975 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents   
Cash and cash equivalents at 
beginning of year   

2 

383,647 

466,413 

84,197 

382,216 

Cash and cash equivalents at end 
of year   

2 

850,060 

466,413 

The notes form part of these financial statements 

Page 16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Statement of Cash Flows 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

1. 

RECONCILIATION OF (LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM 
OPERATIONS   

(Loss)/profit before income tax 
Depreciation charges 
Loss/(gain) on revaluation of investment 
Equity-settled share based payments 
Bad debt provision 

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables 

2017 
£ 

(3,161,241) 

420 
613,723 
170,354 
1,543,888 

2016 
£ 
1,567,464 
425 
(2,345,557) 
69,589 
- 

(832,856) 
(117,465) 
(21,830) 

(708,079) 
124,143 
6,701 

Cash generated from operations   

(972,151) 

(577,235) 

2. 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

The amounts disclosed on the Statement of Cash Flows in respect of cash and cash equivalents are 
in respect of these Statement of Financial Position amounts:   

Year ended 31 December 2017 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Year ended 31 December 2016 

Cash and cash equivalents 

31.12.17   

£ 
850,060 

1.1.17 
£ 
466,413 

31.12.16 
£ 
466,413 

1.1.16 
£ 
382,216 

The notes form part of these financial statements 

Page 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

1. 

STATUTORY INFORMATION 

Prospex  Oil  And  Gas  Plc  is  a  private  company,  registered  in  England  and  Wales.  The  company's 
registered number and registered office address can be found on the Company Information page.   

The presentation currency of the financial statements is the Pound Sterling (£).   

Prospex Oil and Gas Plc is registered in England and Wales and is quoted on the AIM Market of the 
London Stock Exchange Plc. The  Company's registered number and registered office  address can 
be found on the Company Information page. 

2. 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Basis of preparation 
The Company  financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union,  (IFRSs)  and  International  Financial 
Reporting  Interpretations  Committee  ('IFRIC')  interpretations  issued  by  the  International 
Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by the European Union and with those parts of the 
Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 

The Company financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention or fair 
value where appropriate. 

Preparation of consolidated financial statements 
Subsidiaries  include  all  entities  over  which  the  Company  has  the  power  to  govern  financial  and 
operating policies. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable 
or  convertible  are  considered  when  assessing  whether  the  Company  controls  another  entity. 
Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control commences until the date that control 
ceases. Intra-group balances  and  any  unrealised gains and losses  on income or expenses  arising 
from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

The Company is an investment entity and, as such, does not consolidate the investment entities it 
controls.  The  Company's  interests  in  subsidiaries  are  recognised  at  fair  value  through  profit  and 
loss. 

Going concern 
The current economic environment is challenging and the Company has reported an operating loss 
for the year. These losses are expected to continue in the current accounting year to 31 December 
2018. 

The Company regularly carries out fund-raising exercises in order that it can provide the necessary 
working capital and investment funds for the Company. As detailed in note 19, since the year end, 
the Company has raised £1.2m before expenses, through the issue of new ordinary shares. 

The  Board  expects  to  continue  to  raise  additional  funding  as  and  when  required  to  cover  the 
Company's investments, primarily from the issue of further shares. 

As such, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to 
continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  For  this  reason,  they  continue  to 
adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 

Property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off the cost less estimated 
residual value of each asset over its estimated useful life.   

Computer equipment 

-   25% per annum on reducing balance   

Page 18 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

2. 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued 

Investments 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading. A financial 
asset is classified in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term.   

Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value and 
transaction costs are  expensed in  the  income  statement. Financial assets  are  derecognised when 
the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and 
the company has  transferred substantially  all  risks and rewards  of ownership. Financial assets at 
fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. 

Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the financial assets at fair value through 
profit  or  loss  are  presented  in  the  income  statement  within  'other  gains/(losses)  -  net'  in  the 
period in which they arise. 

Financial instruments 
Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  recognised  on  the  balance  sheet  when  the  Company 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Loans and receivables 
These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted  in  an  active  market.    The  principal  financial  assets  of  the  company  are  loans  and 
receivables, which arise principally through the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. 
trade  receivables)  but  also  incorporate  other  types  of  contractual  monetary  asset.  They  are 
included  in  current  assets,  except  for  maturities  greater  than  12  months  after  the  balance  sheet 
date. These are classified as non-current assets. 

The  Company's  loans  and  receivables  are  recognised  and  carried  at  the  lower  of  their  original 
amount less an allowance for any doubtful amounts. An allowance is made when collection of the 
full amount is no longer considered possible. 

The  Company's  loans  and  receivables  comprise  trade  and  other  receivables  and  cash  and  cash 
equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

Financial liabilities and equity 
Financial  liabilities  and  equity  instruments  are  classified  according  to  the  substance  of  the 
contractual  arrangements  entered  into.  An  equity  instrument  is  any  contract  that  evidences  a 
residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all of its financial liabilities. 

Where the contractual obligations of financial instruments (including share capital)  are equivalent 
to  a  similar  debt  instrument,  those  financial  instruments  are  classed  as  financial  liabilities. 
Financial liabilities are  presented  as such  in the balance  sheet. Finance  costs and gains or losses 
relating  to  financial  liabilities  are  included  in  the  profit  and  loss  account.  Finance  costs  are 
calculated so as to produce a constant rate of return on the outstanding liability. 

Where  the  contractual  terms  of  share  capital  do  not  have  any  terms  meeting  the  definition  of  a 
financial liability then this is classed as an equity instrument. Dividends and distributions relating 
to equity instruments are debited direct to equity. 

Equity comprises the following: 
- Share capital represents the nominal value of equity shares; 
-  Share  premium  represents  the  excess  over  nominal  value  of  the  fair  value  of  consideration 
received for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue; 
- Profit and loss reserve represents retained deficit; 
-  Other  reserve  represents  the  capital  redemption  reserve  arising  on  redemption  of  shares  in 
previous years and own share reserve. 

Page 19 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

2. 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued 

Taxation 
Current  taxes  are  based  on  the  results  shown  in  the  financial  statements  and  are  calculated 
according to local tax rules, using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted by the statement of 
financial position date. 

Deferred  tax  is  provided  in  full,  using  the  liability  method,  on  temporary  differences  arising 
between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  for  financial  reporting 
purposes.  Deferred  tax  is  determined  using  tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantially 
enacted at the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax 
asset is realised or the deferred tax liability  is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the 
income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited to equity, in which case the 
deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that 
it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the asset can be utilised. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  at  bank  and  in  hand  and  short-term  deposits  with  an 
original maturity of three months or less. 

Trade and other payables 
Trade  and  other  payables  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. 

Hire purchase and leasing commitments 
Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to the statement of comprehensive income on a 
straight-line basis over the period of the lease.   

Employee benefit costs 
The  company  operates  a  defined  contribution  pension  scheme.    Contributions  payable  to  the 
company's  pension  scheme  are  charged  to  the  income  statement  in  the  period  to  which  they 
relate. 

Equity-settled share-based payment 
The  Company  makes  equity-settled  share-based  payments.  The  fair  value  of  options  granted  is 
recognised as an expense, with a corresponding increase in equity. The fair value is measured at 
grant date and spread over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified 
vesting conditions are to be satisfied. The fair value of the options granted is measured based on 
the  Black-Scholes  framework,  taking  into  account  the  terms  and  conditions  upon  which  the 
instruments  were  granted.  At  each  balance  sheet  date,  the  Company  revises  its  estimate  of  the 
number  of  options  that  are  expected  to  become  exercisable.  It  recognises  the  impact  of  the 
revision to original estimates, if any, in the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to 
equity. 

Accounting standards issued but not yet effective and/or adopted 
As at the date of approval of these financial statements, the following standards were in issue but 
not yet effective. These  standards  have  not been  adopted early by the company as they are  not 
expected to have a material impact on the company's financial statements. 

The  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretations  Committee  has  also  issued  interpretations 
which the company does not consider will have a significant impact on the financial statements. 

Page 20 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

2. 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued 

IFRS 1 

IFRS 2 

  Amendments resulting from Annual Improvements 2014-2016 cycle 
  (removing short-term exemptions) 
  Amendments - Classification and measurement of share-based   
  payments transactions 

01/01/2018 

01/01/2018 

Effective date 

(period 

beginning on or 

after) 

IFRS 3, IFRS      Amendments resulting from Annual Improvements 2015-2017 cycle 
11, IAS 12,         
IAS 23   
IFRS 4 

IFRS 9 

IFRS 9 
IFRS 10/   
IAS 28 
IFRS 15 

IFRS 16 
IFRS 17 
IAS 19 
IAS 28 

IAS 28 
IAS 40 

  Amendment - applying IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments" with IFRS 4 
  “Insurance Contracts” 
  Financial instruments - incorporating requirements for classification 
  and measurement, impairment, general hedge accounting and   
  de-recognition 
  Amendment - Prepayment features with negative compensation 
  Amendments - Sale or contribution of assets between an investor   
  and its associate or joint venture 
  Revenue from contracts with customers, and the related   
   clarifications 
  Leases - recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure 
  Insurance contracts 
  Amendment - Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement 
  Amendments resulting from Annual Improvements 2014-2016 cycle 
  (clarifying certain fair value measurements 
  Amendment - Long term interests in Associates and Joint Ventures 
  Transfers of investment property - Amendment 

01/01/2019 

01/01/2018 

01/01/2018 
01/01/2019 

01/01/2018 

01/01/2018 
01/01/2019 
01/01/2019 
01/01/2019 

01/01/2018 
01/01/2019 
01/01/2018 

The International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee has also issued interpretations which the 
company does not consider will have a significant impact on the financial statements. 

Page 22 

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Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

3. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY 

The  preparation  of  the  financial  information  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain 
critical accounting estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of 
the financial information and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting 
period.  Although  these  estimates  are  based  on  management's  best  knowledge  of  the  amounts, 
events  or  actions,  actual  results  ultimately  may  differ  from  these  estimates.  The  estimates  and 
underlying assumptions are as follows: 

Investment entities 
The  judgements,  assumptions  and  estimates  involved  in  the  Company's  accounting  policies  that 
are considered by the Board to be the most important to the portrayal of its financial condition are 
the  fair  valuation  of  the  investment  and  the  assessment  regarding  investment  entities.  The 
investment portfolio is held at fair value. The Directors review the valuations policies, process and 
application to individual investments. 

Entities that meet the definition of an investment entity within IFRS 10 are required to account for 
most investments in controlled entities, as well as investments in associates and joint ventures, at 
fair value through profit and loss. The Board  has concluded that the Company continues to meet 
the definition of an investment entity as its strategic objective of investing in portfolio investments 
for  the  purpose  of  generating  returns  in  the  form  of  investment  income  and  capital  appreciation 
remains unchanged. 

Fair value is the underlying principle and is defined as "the price that would be received to sell an 
asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date". Fair value 
is therefore an estimate and, as such, determining fair value requires the use of judgement. The 
quoted assets in our portfolio are valued at their closing bid price at the balance sheet date. The 
largest investment in the portfolio, however, is represented by an unquoted investment. 

Impairment of assets 
The Company is required to test, on an annual basis, whether its non-current assets have suffered 
any  impairment.  Determining  whether  these  assets  are  impaired  requires  an  estimation  of  the 
value in use of the cash-generating units to which the assets have been allocated. The value in use 
calculation  requires  the  Directors  to  estimate  the  future  cash  flows  expected  to  arise  from  the 
cash-generating  unit  and  a  suitable  discount  rate  in  order  to  calculate  the  present  value. 
Subsequent  changes  to  the  cash  generating  unit  allocation  or  to  the  timing  of  cash  flows  could 
impact on the carrying value of the respective assets. 

Recoverability of other financial assets 
The  majority  of  the  Company's  financial  assets  represent  loans  provided  to  its  subsidiary,  which 
are associated with funding of mineral exploration and development projects. The recoverability of 
such loans is dependent upon the discovery of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the 
Company to maintain necessary financing to complete the development of the reserves and future 
profitable production or proceeds from the disposition thereof. 

Share based payments 
The  estimates  of  share  based  payments  requires  that  management  selects  an  appropriate 
valuation model and make decisions on various inputs into the model including the volatility of its 
own share price, the probable life of the options before exercise, and behavioural consideration of 
employees. 

Deferred tax assets 
Deferred taxation is provided for using the liability method. Deferred tax assets are recognised in 
respect  of  tax  losses  where  the  Directors  believe  that  it  is  probable  that  future  profits  will  be 
relieved by the benefit of tax losses brought forward. The Board considers the likely utilisation of 
such  losses  by  reviewing  budgets  and  medium-term  plans  for  the  Company.  The  Directors  have 
decided that no deferred tax asset should be recognised at 31 December 2017. If the actual profits 
earned  by  the  Company  differs  from  the  budgets  and  forecasts  used  then  the  value  of  such 
deferred tax assets may differ from that shown in these financial statements. 

Page 22 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

4. 

SEGMENTAL REPORTING 

The Company is an Investing Company. The results for this continuing operation, all of which were 
carried out in the UK, are disclosed in the Income Statement. The net assets as at 31 December 
2017 as shown on the Statement of Financial Position all relate to the Investment activity. 

5. 

EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs 

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:   

Directors 

6. 

NET FINANCE COSTS 

Finance income: 
(Loss)/gain on revaluation of investments 

7. 

(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 

2017 
£ 
283,879 
30,088 
13,500 

2016 
£ 
192,665 
19,015 
9,000 

327,467 

220,680 

2017 

2016 

4 

5 

2017 
£ 

2016 
£ 

(613,723) 

2,345,557 

The loss before income tax (2016 - profit before income tax) is stated after charging/(crediting):   

Other operating leases 
Depreciation - owned assets 
Auditors' remuneration 
Foreign exchange differences 
Bad debt provision against amounts due from subsidiaries     

2017 
£ 
31,927 
420 
16,250 
(10,752) 

1,543,888 

2016 
£ 
16,815 
425 
16,250 
4,584 
- 

8. 

INCOME TAX 

Analysis of tax expense 
No  liability  to  UK  corporation  tax  arose  for  the  year  ended  31 December 2017  nor  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2016.   

Page 23 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

8. 

INCOME TAX - continued 

Factors affecting the tax expense 
The tax assessed for the year is higher (2016 - lower) than the standard rate of corporation tax in 
the UK. The difference is explained below:   

(Loss)/profit before income tax 

2017 
£ 

(3,161,241) 

2016 
£ 
1,567,464 

(Loss)/profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in 
the UK of 19.250% (2016 - 20%)   

(608,539) 

313,493 

Effects of: 
Non-deductible expenses       
Depreciation add back       

Tax losses not utilised       
Unrealised chargeable gains       

330,280 
81 

15,768 
85 

164,720 
113,458 

139,765 
(469,111) 

Tax expense 

- 

- 

There is  no provision for  UK  Corporation  Tax due to adjusted losses  for  tax  purposes, subject to 
agreement with HM Revenue and Customs. The deferred asset of approximately £686,000 (2016: 
£578,000) arising from the accumulated tax losses of approximately £4.0m (2016: £3.4m) carried 
forward has not been recognised but may become recoverable against future trading profits. 

9. 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

The  (loss)/earnings  and  number  of  shares  used  in  the  calculation  of  earnings  per  ordinary  share 
are set out below: 

Basic 
(Loss)/profit for the financial period 

2017 
£ 

2016 
£ 

  (3,161,241) 

1,567,464 

Weighted average of ordinary shares 

  44,580,539  163,085,489 

There  was  no  dilutive  effect  from  the  options  and  warrants  outstanding  during  the  period  (note 
22). 

Page 24 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

10.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

COST 
At 1 January 2017 
and 31 December 2017 

DEPRECIATION 
At 1 January 2017 
Charge for year   

At 31 December 2017 

NET BOOK VALUE 
At 31 December 2017 

At 31 December 2016 

Compute 
equipme 

£ 

1,699 

850 
420 

1,270 

429 

849 

11. 

INVESTMENTS 

                                                    Shares in                  Investments 

COST OR VALUATION 
At 1 January 2017 
Additions 
Revaluations 

group 
undertakings 

Listed    Unlisted 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Totals 

£ 

2,308,600 
500,200 
(665,553) 

131,712 
- 
51,830 

100,000  2,540,312 
500,200 
(613,723) 

- 
- 

At 31 December 2017 

2,143,247 

183,542 

100,000  2,426,789 

NET BOOK VALUE 
At 31 December 2017 

2,143,247 

183,542 

100,000  2,426,789 

At 31 December 2016 

2,308,600 

131,712 

100,000 

2,540,312 

The  company's  investments  at  the  Statement  of  Financial  Position  date  in  the  share  capital  of 
companies include the following:   

PXOG County Limited   
Registered office: England & Wales   
Nature of business: Investment entity   

Class of shares: 
Ordinary 

Aggregate capital and reserves 
(Loss)/profit for the year 

% 
holding 
100.00 

2017 
£ 

(13) 
(3,852,501) 

2016 
£ 
3,910,475 
2,308,500 

Page 25 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

11. 

INVESTMENTS - continued 

PXOG Massey Limited   
Registered office: England & Wales   
Nature of business: Investment entity   

Class of shares: 
Ordinary 

Aggregate capital and reserves 
Loss for the year 

PXOG Marshall Limited   
Registered office: England & Wales   
Nature of business: Investment entity   

Class of shares: 
Ordinary 

Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit for the year 

PXOG Muirhill Limited   
Registered office: England & Wales   
Nature of business: Investment company   

Class of shares: 
Ordinary 

Aggregate capital and reserves 
Profit for the year 

% 
holding 
100.00 

% 
holding 
100.00 

% 
holding 
100.00 

2017 
£ 
(48,323) 
(48,423) 

2017 
£ 

2,142,947 
1,642,947 

2017 
£ 

100 
Nil 

Page 26 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

11. 

INVESTMENTS - continued 

Investments are recognised and de-recognised on the date when their purchase or sale is subject 
to a relevant contract and the associated risks and rewards have been transferred. The Company 
manages its investments with a view to profiting from the receipt of investment income and capital 
appreciation from changes in the fair value of investments. 

All  investments  are  initially  recognised  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  given  and  are 
subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss. 

Unquoted investments, including both equity and loans are designated at fair value through profit 
and loss and are subsequently carried in the statement of financial position at fair value. Fair value 
is determined in line with the fair value guidelines under IFRS. 

In  accordance  with  IFRS  10,  the  proportion  of  the  investment  portfolio  held  by  the  Company's 
unconsolidated subsidiaries is presented as part of the fair value of investment entity subsidiaries, 
along with the fair value of their other assets and liabilities. 

The holding period of the Company's investment portfolio is on average greater than one year. For 
this  reason  the  portfolio  is  classified  as  non-current.  It  is  not  possible  to  identify  with  certainty 
investments that will be sold within one year. 

Investments  in  investment  entity  subsidiaries  are  accounted  for  as  financial  instruments  at  fair 
value through profit and loss and are not consolidated in accordance with IFRS10. 

These entities hold the Company's interests in investments in portfolio companies. The fair value 
can  increase  or  reduce  from  either  cash  flows  to/from  the  investment  entities  or  valuation 
movements in line with the Company's valuation policy. 

The fair value of these entities is their net asset values. 

The  Directors  determine  that  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  the  net  asset  values  of  an 
investment entity subsidiary are considered to be the most appropriate to determine fair value. At 
each  reporting  period,  they  consider  whether  any  additional  fair  value  adjustments  need  to  be 
made  to  the  net  asset  values  of  the  investment  entity  subsidiaries.  These  adjustments  may  be 
required  to  reflect  market  participants'  considerations  about  fair  value  that  may  include,  but  are 
not  limited  to,  liquidity  and  the  portfolio  effect  of  holding  multiple  investments  within  the 
investment entity subsidiary. 

12. 

LOANS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS   

At 1 January 2017 
New in year 
Repayment in year 
Other movement 

At 31 December 2017 

Loans to 
group 

undertakings 
£ 

1,601,888 
1,062,587 

(58,000) 
(1,543,888) 

1,062,587 

Page 27 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

13.  TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Current: 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Rent deposit 
VAT 
Prepayments and accrued income 

2017 
£ 

113,364 
2,026 
28,408 
5,433 

2016 
£ 

- 
2,026 
19,458 
10,282 

149,231 

31,766 

The  Directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  trade  and  other  receivables  approximates  to 
their fair value. 

14.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Bank accounts 

2017 
£ 
850,060 

2016 
£ 
466,413 

The  Directors  consider  that  the  carrying  amount  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  approximates  to 
their fair value. All of the Company's cash and cash equivalents are at floating rates of interest. 

Page 28 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

15.  CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL 

Allotted, issued and fully paid 
Ordinary shares of 0.1p each 

Ordinary shares of 1p each 
Deferred shares of 0.1p each 
Deferred shares of £24 each 
Deferred shares of 0.9p each 

2017 
Number 

2016 
Number 

2017 
£ 

  1,013,593,136 

-  1,013,593 

-  285,785,836 
  942,462,000  942,462,000 

54,477 
  285,785,836 

- 
942,462 
54,477    1,307,459 
-  2,572,073 

2016 
£ 

- 

2,857,858   
942,462   
1,307,459   

- 

5,835,587 

5,107,779 

In February 2017, the Company undertook a Share Capital Reorganisation whereby each Existing 
Ordinary  Share  of  £0.01  was  subdivided  into  one  New  Ordinary  Share  of  £0.001  and  one  New 
Deferred Share of £0.009. 

In  February  2017,  the  Company  raised  £850,000,  before  expenses,  via  a  placing  of  170  million 
new  ordinary  shares  of  £0.001  each  (as  reorganised  by  the  share  capital  reorganisation)  ("New 
Ordinary Shares") at a price of 0.5 pence per New Ordinary Share. The net proceeds of the Placing 
went towards the Company's ongoing evaluation of a number of potential projects, in line with its 
strategy  to  build  a  portfolio  of  investments  in  the  European  oil  and  gas  sector,  and  be  used  for 
general working capital purposes. 

In September 2017, the Company raised £650,000, before expenses, via a placing of 185,714,300 
ordinary shares of £0.001 each at a price of 0.35 pence per New Ordinary Share. The net proceeds 
of the Placing would help fund the Company's share of the 2017 work programme at the Suceava 
Concession  ('Suceava')  in  North  East  Romania.  In  addition,  the  funds  would  go  towards  the 
ongoing evaluation of a number of potential projects, in line with the Company's strategy to build a 
portfolio of investments in the European oil and gas sector, as well as for general working capital 
purposes. 

In  November  2017,  the  Company  raised  £1.6million,  before  expenses,  via  a  placing  of 
372,093,000  ordinary  shares  of  £0.001  each  at  a  price  of  0.43  pence  per  New  Ordinary  Share). 
The  net  proceeds  of  the  Placing  were  to  be  used  to  satisfy  the  Consideration  to  acquire  a  17% 
working interest in the Podere Gallina Exploration Permit in the Po Valley region of Italy for a total 
consideration payable of approximately EUR1.15 million and for general working capital purposes. 

Page 29 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

16.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Current: 
Trade creditors 
Social security and other taxes   
Accruals and deferred income 

2017 
£ 

28,681 
11,362 
25,803 

2016 
£ 

53,123 
9,138 
25,415 

65,846 

87,676 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their 
fair value. 

Page 30 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

17. 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The  principal  financial  instruments  used  by  the  Company,  from  which  financial  instrument  risk 
arises are as follows: 

- Trade and other receivables 
- Cash and cash equivalents 
- Trade and other payables 

A summary of the financial instruments held by category is provided below: 

Financial assets 
Loans and receivables: 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

2017 
£ 

2016 
£ 

5,433   
850,060   

31,766   
466,413   

855,493   

498,179 

90,178   

87,676 

Financial risk management 
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of risks including market risk (foreign currency risk 
and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company manages these risks through an 
effective risk management programme and through this programme, the Board seeks to minimise 
potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance. 

The Board provides written objectives, policies and procedures with regards to managing currency 
and  interest  risk  exposures,  liquidity  and  credit  risk  including  guidance  on  the  use  of  certain 
derivative and non derivative financial instruments 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial 
instrument  fails  to  meet  its  contractual  obligations.  The  Company's  credit  risk  is  primarily 
attributable to its receivables and its cash deposits. It is Company policy to assess the credit risk 
of new customers before entering contracts. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the 
counterparties are banks with high credit-ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies. 

Liquidity risk and interest rate risk 
Liquidity  risk  arises  from  the  Company's  management  of  working  capital.    It  is  the  risk  that  the 
Company will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due.    The Board 
regularly  receives  cash  flow  projections  for  a  minimum  period  of  12  months,  together  with 
information regarding cash balances monthly. 

The Company is principally funded by equity and invests in short-term deposits, having access to 
these  funds  at  short  notice.  The  Company's  policy  throughout  the  period  has  been  to  minimise 
interest  rate  risk  by  placing  funds  in  risk  free  cash  deposits  but  also  to  maximise  the  return  on 
funds placed on deposit. 

All  cash  deposits  attract  a  floating  rate  of  interest.  The  benchmark  rate  for  determining  interest 
receivable and floating rate assets is linked to the UK base rate. 

Foreign currency exposure 
The Company has no exposure to foreign currency risk. 

Page 31 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

18.  RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES 

Included in loans to group undertakings is an amount of £1,543,888 (2016: £1,601,888) due from 
PXOG  County  Limited,  the  company's  wholly  owned  subsidiary.  At  the  year  end,  a  provision  of 
£1,543,888 (2016: £nil) was made against this balance. 

Included in loans to group undertakings is an amount of £1,062,587 (2016: £nil) due from PXOG 
Massey Limited, the company's wholly owned subsidiary. 

Included  in  trade  and  other  receivables  is  an  amount  of  £113,350  (2016:  £nil)  due  from  PXOG 
Marshall Limited, the company's wholly owned subsidiary. 

During the year, there were consultancy fees of £18,000 (2016: £15,200) charged by Sallork Legal 
and  Commercial  Consulting  Limited  ("Sallork")  and  included  in  trade  payables  at  the  year-end  is 
£6,674 (2016: £nil) owing to Sallork. Richard Mays is a director and shareholder of Sallork. 

Included  in  trade  and  other  payables  are  the  following  balances  due  to  Directors  as  at  31 
December 2017. 

Edward Dawson 

19.  EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD 

2017 
£ 

2016 
£ 

- 

13,660 

Placing 
In January 2018, the Company, raised £1,200,000, before expenses, via a placing of 200,000,000 
ordinary  shares  of  £0.001  each  (the  "New  Ordinary  Shares")  at  a  price  of  0.6  pence  per  New 
Ordinary Share. 

The  net  proceeds  of  the  Placing  should  ensure  Prospex  is  fully  funded  for  its  basic  2018  work 
programmes  across  its  portfolio  of  investments  in  late  stage  European  onshore  oil  and  gas 
projects. 

20.  ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY 

In the opinion of the Directors, there is no ultimate controlling party. 

21.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS 

Share options 
At 31 December 2016 and 31 December 2017 outstanding awards to subscribe for ordinary shares 
of 1p each in the Company, granted in accordance with the rules of the share option scheme, were 
as follows: 

31 December 2016 
Brought forward 
Granted 
Lapsed 

Carried forward 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 
9.10 

Weighted 
average 

exercise price 
(pence) 
11.86 
1.03 

Shares under 
options 

3,903,516   
  20,728,545    

- 

  24,632,061   

3.59 

2.74 

Page 32 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

21.  SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS (continued) 

31 December 2017 
Brought forward 
Granted 
Lapsed 

Carried forward 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 
3.59 
3.00 

Weighted 
average 

exercise price 
(pence) 
2.74 
0.52 

Shares under 
options 

  24,632,061 
  71,226,149 
(204,400) 

  95,653,810   

2.80 

0.78 

All options were exercisable at the year end. No options were exercised during the year. 

The following share-based payment arrangements were in existence at the year-end. 

  Options 
1. Granted 30 April 2012 
2. Granted 16 April 2015 
3. Granted 16 April 2015 
4. Granted 22 September 2016 
5. Granted 22 September 2016 
6. Granted 22 September 2016 
7. Granted 23 December 2016 
8. Granted 13 November 2017 

Number 

Expiry date 

40,000    30/04/2022 
2,847,116    15/04/2025 
812,000    15/04/2018 
1,434,209    22/09/2019 
  13,694,336    22/09/2019 
4,164,000    22/09/2019 
1,436,000    23/12/2019 
13/11/2020 

  71,226,149 

Exercise 
price 
125.0p 
3.05p 
3.05p 
1.00p 
1.00p 
1.10p 
1.10p 
0.52p 

Fair value at 
grant date 

47.5p 
1.94p 
1.94p 
0.53p 
0.31p 
0.29p 
0.53p 
0.29p 

The fair value of remaining share options has been calculated using the Black Scholes model. The 
assumptions used in the  calculation  of  the  fair  value of the share  options outstanding  during the 
year are as follows: 

Options 

1. Granted 30 April 2012 
2. Granted 16 April 2015 
3. Granted 16 April 2015 
4. Granted 22 September 
2016 
5. Granted 22 September 
2016 * 
6. Granted 22 September 
2016 * 
7. Granted 23 December 
2016 * 
8. Granted 13 November 
2017 

  Grant date 
share price 

Exercise 
price 

Expected 
volatility 

Expected 
option life 

Risk-free 
interest rate 

175.0p 
4.0p 
4.0p 

125.0p 
3.05p 
3.05p 

32.0% 
71.5% 
71.5% 

3.5 years 
3 years 
3 years 

0.24%   
- 0.43% 
0.71% 
0.71% 

1.7p 

1.00p 

71.0% 

3 years 

0.10% 

1.7p 

1.00p 

71.0% 

3 years 

0.10% 

1.7p 

1.10p 

71.0% 

3 years 

0.10% 

2.5p 

1.10p 

79.0% 

3 years 

0.28% 

0.51p 

0.52p 

96.8% 

3 years 

0.56% 

Page 33 

continued... 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

*  These  options  vest  once  the  share  price  of  the  Company  has  closed  at  5p  or  higher  for  5 
consecutive trading days. 

The fair value has been calculated assuming that there will be no dividend yield. 

Volatility  was  determined  by  reference  to  the  standard  deviation  of  expected  share  price  returns 
based on a statistical analysis of daily  share  prices over a 3 year period to grant date. All of the 
above options are equity settled and the charge for the year is £170,354 (2016: £69,589). 

Warrants 
At 31 December 2017, outstanding warrants to subscribe for ordinary shares of 0.1p each in the 
Company, granted in accordance with the warrant instruments issued by Prospex, were as follows. 
There are no comparatives as no warrants were in existence prior to this year. Following the year 
end,  the  company  which  was  granted  these  warrants  entered  Administration,  at  which  point  the 
warrants lapsed. 

Brought forward 
Granted 
Lapsed 

Carried forward 

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life (years) 

Weighted 
average 

exercise price 
(pence) 

2.00 

1.25 

- 
8,500,000 
- 

8,500,000 

1.14 

1.25 

All warrants were exercisable at the year end. 

The following warrants were in existence at the year end. 

Warrants 
1. Granted 20 February 2017 

Number 

Expiry date 

8,500,000    21/02/2019 

Exercise 
price 
1.25p 

Fair value at 
grant date 

0.22p 

The fair value of the remaining warrants has been calculated using the Black-Scholes model. The 
assumptions used in the  calculation of the fair  value  of the share  options outstanding during the 
year are as follows: 

Options 
1. Granted 20 February 2017   

0.52p 

  Grant date 
share price 

Exercise 
price 
1.25p 

Expected 
volatility 
98.0% 

Risk-free 
interest rate 

Expected 
option life 

2 years 

0.13% 

The fair value has been calculated assuming that there will be no dividend yield. 

Volatility  was  determined  by  reference  to  the  standard  deviation  of  expected  share  price  returns 
based on a statistical analysis of daily share prices over a 3 year period to grant date. 

All of the warrants are equity settled and the charge for the year is £10,142 (2016: £nil). As the 
warrants relating  to the charge were all in  consideration of shares issued during the year, it  has 
been  taken  directly  to  equity  and  charged  against  the  share  premium  as  costs  in  respect  of  the 
issue of shares. 

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Prospex Oil And Gas Plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 

22.  DIRECTORS' EMOLUMENTS 

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning, 
directing and controlling activities of the Company, including all directors of the Company. 

Directors' emoluments 
Benefit in kind 
Pension contributions 

2017 
£ 
147,333 
4,200 
12,350 

2016 
£ 

97,665   
4,200   
9,000   

163,883   

136,759   

Edward Dawson   
William Smith   
Richard Mays   
James Smith 
(appointed 22 
December 2016) 

Salaries and 
fees 

Benefit in kind 

Pension 
contributions 

£ 
111,333 
12,000 
12,000 

£ 
4,200 
- 
- 

£ 

12,350 
- 
- 

2017 
£ 
127,883 
12,000 
12,000 

2016 
£ 

93,950 
8,500 
8,000 

12,000 

- 

- 

12,000 

415 

147,333 

4,200 

12,350 

163,883 

110,865 

The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under money purchase pension 
schemes amounted to 1 (2016: 1). 

The Directors interests in share options as at 31 December 2017 are as follows: 

Director 
Edward Dawson 
Edward Dawson 
Edward Dawson * 
Edward Dawson * 
Edward Dawson 
Richard Mays 
Richard Mays 
Richard Mays * 
Richard Mays * 
Richard Mays 
William Smith 
William Smith 
William Smith * 
William Smith * 
William Smith 
James Smith * 
James Smith 

  Options at 
31 
December 
2017 
680,212   
971,663   
4,438,000   
1,292,000   
  16,940,273   
541,726   
20,196   
2,327,418   
1,436,000   
  10,395,168   
541,726   
20,196   
2,327,418   
1,436,000   
  10,395,168   
1,436,000   
  10,395,168   

Exercise 
price 
3.05p 
1.00p 
1.00p 
1.10p 
0.52p 
3.05p 
1.00p 
1.00p 
1.10p 
0.52p 
3.05p 
1.00p 
1.00p 
1.10p 
0.52p 
1.10p 
0.52p 

Date of 
grant 

Final date of 
exercise 

First date of 
exercise 
14/04/2015  14/04/2015  14/04/2025 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
13/11/2017  13/11/2017  13/11/2020 
14/04/2015  14/04/2015  14/04/2025 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
13/11/2017  13/11/2017  13/11/2020 
14/04/2015  14/04/2015  14/04/2025 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
22/09/2016  22/09/2016  22/09/2019 
13/11/2017  13/11/2017  13/11/2020 
23/12/2106  23/12/2106  23/12/2019 
13/11/2017  13/11/2017  13/11/2020 

*  These  options  vest  once  the  share  price  of  the  Company  has  closed  at  5p  or  higher  for  5 
consecutive trading days. 

The options awarded to Richard Mays are held in the name of Sallork Limited, a company he owns 
and controls. 

This page does not form part of the statutory financial statements 

Page 36