QuidelOrtho
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

“It’s clear that the risk that we took, the efforts we made, and the resources we spent were well worth it.” Dear Fellow Shareholders, Several years ago, the management team healthcare providers who are now using at Quidel had hypothesized that the number of access points to healthcare one or more of our rapid point-of-care assays from an initial menu that includes would increase at an accelerating rate, and Sofia Influenza A+B; Sofia RSV; Sofia Strep further, that the demand for point-of-care A+; and Sofia hCG (for pregnancy). Our diagnostics for routine conditions like influenza-like-illness (ILI) could grow dramatically as a result. We additionally thought that through the development of an instrumented platform, we could automate rapid point-of-care testing; simplifying workflow, reducing operator errors, and improving the performance of our products, which would benefit success with Sofia Influenza A+B, our first Sofia assay, best demonstrates the value of an automated instrument platform with improved product performance and with automation that reduces errors and subjectivity. Years ago, with our legacy QuickVue Influenza product, we typically manufactured and distributed between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 influenza tests healthcare providers and their patients in per year. Since the introduction of Sofia to the traditional professional healthcare the market, the total demand for influenza setting, as well as in emerging urgent care tests that we address is now between and retail clinic locations. Although our aim was viewed as ambitious by some, and certainly required the investment of a great deal of time and resources, we believed that by delivering a next generation product offering, we could 8,000,000 and 10,000,000 tests, which represents both a growth in the market for rapid point-of-care influenza tests and an increase in our market share. With the successful development and introduction of Sofia, it’s clear that we have defended stabilize the price and volume for our core our well-established position in the business, and potentially grow the markets market, and are in a good position to for our point-of-care tests – all while continue to grow the markets for our gaining market share. products as well as our share of this high growth segment of the human in vitro Just a few years later, it’s clear that the risk diagnostics market. that we took, the efforts we made, and the resources we spent were well worth it. Through the end of 2015, we had installed over 14,000 Sofia analyzers with “No child, or her grandmother should die of Influenza (or RSV or hMPV).” Developing an App with information from real-time data gathered through our Virena system will help users track flu in their community, check symptoms, find a location to get tested and learn more about the flu. With Sofia and Sofia 2 – our second- generation instrumented Sofia system with improved optics and connectivity, which we expect to introduce before year-end, we plan to deliver on that promise. Recently we introduced Sofia S. pneumoniae FIA in Europe, which has thus far been a receptive market to an automated rapid point-of-care solution. And we hope to introduce Sofia Lyme, Moving forward, we believe that access and Sofia Vitamin D to the U.S. market in to vast amounts of data will increase the the near future. value of rapid point-of-care diagnostics and the size of a number of markets. Consistent with the theme of building a With the development of Virena, we hope broader-based diagnostics company, we to change the way physicians diagnose, also said that we intended to compete in treat, and monitor diseases like Influenza, the other rapidly growing category of the Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), and diagnostics industry known as molecular Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV). Virena diagnostics. We theorized that if a is our cloud-based system that collects company were successful in bringing de-identified test data and interprets down the overall costs of molecular those data in ways that are useful for testing for certain infectious diseases, providers and patients, strengthening our making it more accessible, the move from mission as a company that “No child, or traditional laboratory methods, like culture, her grandmother should die of Influenza to molecular assays would accelerate. (or RSV or hMPV).” We believe that with In 2015, we received FDA clearance for access to data and better information, our first molecular instrument, Solana, and this may be possible. our first assay on that platform: a low-cost confirmatory assay for Group A Years ago, we also stated our intent Streptococcus, the leading cause of to build a broader-based diagnostics bacterial acute pharyngitis. Later this year, company, one that delivers revenue we plan to introduce Solana assays for and margin more consistently, given the Trichomonas and Herpes Simplex 1 & 2 relative unpredictability of the magnitude plus Varicella Zoster Virus as part of the of respiratory disease each year. continued expansion of our menu. “The landscape of healthcare is evolving rapidly. The convergence of improved laboratory methods with access to vast amounts of real-time test data from thousands of locations will provide physicians and their patients with better information, at the point of care.” In addition, our Savanna development The landscape of healthcare is evolving teams, who arguably have responsibility rapidly. The convergence of improved for the most ambitious and innovative of laboratory methods with access to vast our product development endeavors, have amounts of real-time test data from made tremendous progress. Recently the thousands of locations will provide teams achieved another major milestone physicians and their patients with better by demonstrating that our quantitative information, at the point of care. Never HIV-1 VL assay performed well on a fully has this been clearer to the management integrated Savanna instrument with a fully team at Quidel. And never have we been integrated cartridge assembled with assay so well-positioned to compete in the reagents in their intended form factors. human in vitro diagnostics market. The teams are now moving to our next big milestone, field studies in Africa, during Sincerely, which we hope to reproduce our internal results using fully integrated Savanna HIV-1 VL cartridges assembled on our manufacturing line in Athens, Ohio and Douglas C. Bryant shipped under normal shipping conditions President and CEO to the developing world. Quidel Corporation April 2016 “The teams are now moving to our next big milestone, field studies in Africa.” UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 (Mark One) FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from N/A to N/A Commission file number: 0-10961 QUIDEL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 200 San Diego, California (Address of principal executive offices) 94-2573850 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 92130 (Zip Code) 858-552-1100 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common stock, $0.001 par value Name of each exchange on which registered Nasdaq Global Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. No No No No Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $646,268,331 based on the closing sale price at which the common stock was last sold, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of February 15, 2016, 32,271,420 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding. Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (to be held on May 17, 2016) are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (To the Extent Indicated Herein) A Warning About Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that involve material risks, assumptions and uncertainties. Many possible events or factors could affect our future financial results and performance, such that our actual results and performance may differ materially from those that may be described or implied in the forward-looking statements. As such no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Differences in actual results and performance may arise as a result of a number of factors including, without limitation, fluctuations in our operating results resulting from seasonality, the timing of the onset, length and severity of cold and flu seasons, government and media attention focused on influenza and the related potential impact on humans from novel influenza viruses, adverse changes in competitive conditions in domestic and international markets, changes in sales levels as it relates to the absorption of our fixed costs, lower than anticipated market penetration of our products, the reimbursement system currently in place and future changes to that system, changes in economic conditions in our domestic and international markets, the quantity of our product in our distributors’ inventory or distribution channels, changes in the buying patterns of our distributors, and changes in the healthcare market and consolidation of our customer base; our development and protection of intellectual property; our development of new technologies, products and markets; our reliance on a limited number of key distributors; our reliance on sales of our influenza diagnostics tests; our ability to manage our growth strategy, including our ability to integrate companies or technologies we have acquired or may acquire; intellectual property risks, including but not limited to, infringement litigation; our debt service requirements; our inability to settle conversions of our Convertible Senior Notes in cash; the effect on our operating results from the trigger of the conditional conversion feature of our Convertible Senior Notes; limitations and covenants in our Senior Credit Facility; our need for additional funds to finance our operating needs; volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets; acceptance of our products among physicians and other healthcare providers; competition with other providers of diagnostic products; adverse actions or delays in new product reviews or related to currently-marketed products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”); changes in government policies; compliance with other government regulations, such as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard and disposal of hazardous substances; third-party reimbursement policies; our ability to meet demand for our products; interruptions in our supply of raw materials; product defects; business risks not covered by insurance and exposure to other litigation claims; interruption to our computer systems; competition for and loss of management and key personnel; international risks, including but not limited to, compliance with product registration requirements, exposure to currency exchange fluctuations and foreign currency exchange risk sharing arrangements, longer payment cycles, lower selling prices and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, reduced protection of intellectual property rights, political and economic instability, taxes, and diversion of lower priced international products into U.S. markets; our significant debt service requirements; the possibility that we may incur additional indebtedness; dilution resulting from future sales of our equity; volatility in our stock price; provisions in our charter documents, Delaware law and our Convertible Senior Notes that might delay or impede stockholder actions with respect to business combinations or similar transactions; and our intention of not paying dividends. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “might,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “goal,” “project,” “strategy,” “future,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report include, among others, statements concerning: our outlook for the upcoming fiscal year, projected capital expenditures for the upcoming fiscal year and our source of funds for such expenditures; the sufficiency of our liquidity and capital resources; our strategy, goals, initiatives and objectives; the anticipated beneficial attributes of products and platforms under development; the potential that our Solana assays will receive a CLIA waiver; anticipated new product and development results; that we expect to continue to depend on a few key distributors for sales of our products; expected growth and the sources of that growth; the impact of new accounting standards; that point-of-care testing is increasing; that we will continue to make substantial expenditures for sales and marketing, manufacturing and research and development activities; our reliance on key distributors; that influenza test revenues will continue to be a significant portion of our total revenue; industry consolidation and competition trends; competition for management and key personnel; that we may enter into additional foreign currency exchange risk sharing arrangements; that the price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate; our exposure to claims and litigation; our intention to not pay dividends; expectations regarding grant revenues and expenditures in 2016; that we will continue to incur substantial royalty and license expenses; the impact on our tax rate due to changes in California law; and our intention to continue to evaluate technology and acquisition opportunities. The risks described under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report and elsewhere herein and in reports and registration statements that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, should be carefully considered. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision or update of these forward- looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 2 Part I Item 1. Business All references to “we,” “our,” and “us” in this Annual Report refer to Quidel Corporation and its subsidiaries. Overview We have a leadership position in the development, manufacturing and marketing of rapid diagnostic testing solutions. These diagnostic testing solutions primarily include applications in infectious diseases, women’s health and gastrointestinal diseases. We sell our products directly to end users and distributors, in each case, for professional use in physician offices, hospitals, clinical laboratories, reference laboratories, leading universities, retail clinics, pharmacies and wellness screening centers. We market our products in the United States through a network of national and regional distributors, and through a direct sales force. Internationally, we market primarily through distributor arrangements. We commenced our operations in 1979 and launched our first products, dipstick-based pregnancy tests, in 1983. Since such time, our product base and technology platforms have expanded through internal development and acquisitions of other products, technologies and companies. Our diagnostic solutions aid in the detection and diagnosis of many critical diseases and other medical conditions, including infectious diseases, women’s health, gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune diseases, bone health and thyroid diseases. In February 2010, we expanded our operations through the acquisition of Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc. (“DHI”), a privately-held, in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) company, based in Athens, Ohio. DHI is a market leader in the manufacturing and commercialization of FDA cleared direct fluorescent IVD assays used in hospitals and reference laboratories for a variety of diseases, including certain viral infections and thyroid diseases. In 2013, we completed two further acquisitions, acquiring BioHelix Corporation (“BioHelix”), a developer and manufacturer of isothermal molecular assays and enzymes, in May 2013, and acquiring the assets of AnDiaTec GmbH (“AnDiaTec”), a German based developer and manufacturer of molecular assays, in August 2013. Corporate Information We are a corporation, originally incorporated as Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc. in California in 1979 and re-incorporated as Quidel Corporation in the State of Delaware in 1987. Our executive offices are located at 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92130, and our telephone number is (858) 552-1100. This Annual Report and each of our other periodic and current reports, including any amendments thereto, are available, free of charge, on our website, www.quidel.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and should not be considered part of this Annual Report. In addition, the SEC website contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information about us at www.sec.gov. Business Strategy Our primary objective is to increase shareholder value by building a broader-based diagnostic company capable of delivering revenue growth and more consistent operating results. Our strategy is to identify potential market segments that provide, or are expected to provide, significant total market opportunities, and in which we can be successful by applying our significant expertise and know-how to develop differentiated technologies and products. Our diagnostic testing solutions are designed to provide specialized results that serve a broad range of customers, by addressing the market requirements of ease of use, reduced cost, increased test accuracy and reduced time to result. Our current approach to address this diagnostic continuum relative to our strategy is comprised of three parts: • • rapid point of care immunoassay tests for use in physician offices, hospital laboratories and emergency departments, retail clinics, pharmacies and other urgent care or alternative site settings; direct fluorescent assays (“DFA”) and culture-based tests for the clinical virology laboratory; and • molecular diagnostic tests across a number of laboratory and other segments. Our current focus to accomplish our primary objective includes the following: • leveraging our current infrastructure to develop and launch new rapid immunoassays such as additional assays for our FDA approved Sofia® and next generation analyzers; 3 • • developing a molecular diagnostics franchise that incorporates three distinct testing platforms, AmpliVue®, Savanna™ and Solana® and that leverages our molecular assay development competencies; and strengthening our position with distribution partners and our end-user customers to gain more emphasis on our products in the U.S. and abroad. Our current initiatives to execute this strategy include the following: • continue to focus our research and development efforts on three areas: • • • new proprietary product platform development; the creation of improved products and new products for existing markets and unmet clinical needs; and pursuit of collaborations with, or acquisitions of, other companies for new and existing products and markets that advance our differentiated strategy. • • • • • • • provide clinicians with validated studies that encompass the clinical efficacy and economic efficiency of our diagnostic tests for the professional market; strengthen our market and brand leadership in infectious diseases, women’s health and gastrointestinal diseases by acquiring and/or developing and introducing clinically superior diagnostic solutions; strengthen our direct sales force to enhance relationships with integrated delivery networks, laboratories and hospitals, with a goal of driving growth through improved physician and laboratorian satisfaction; leverage our wireless connectivity and data management systems, including cloud-based tools; support payer evaluation of diagnostic tests and establishment of favorable reimbursement rates; continue to create strong global alliances to support our efforts to achieve leadership in key markets and expand our presence in emerging markets; and further refine our manufacturing efficiencies and productivity improvements to improve profit, with continued focus on profitable products and markets and our effort to create a core competency in new product development. Product development activities are inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain regulatory body clearance to market any of our products, or if we obtain clearances, that we will successfully commercialize any of our products. In addition, we may terminate our development efforts with respect to one or more of our products under development at any time, including before or during clinical trials. The Overall Market for In Vitro Diagnostics Customers for IVD products are primarily centralized laboratories and physician offices and decentralized point-of-care settings. Centralized testing market The centralized in vitro diagnostic testing process typically involves obtaining a specimen of blood, urine or other sample from the patient and sending the sample from the healthcare provider’s office, hospital unit or clinic to a central laboratory. In a typical visit to the physician’s office, after the patient’s test specimen is collected, the patient is usually sent home and receives the results of the test several hours or days later. The result of this process is that the patient may leave the physician’s office without confirmation of the diagnosis and the opportunity to begin potentially more effective immediate care. Decentralized POC market Point-of-care (“POC”) testing for certain diseases has become an accepted adjunct to central laboratory and self-testing. The professional POC market is comprised of two general segments: decentralized testing in non-institutional settings, such as physicians’ offices, and hospital testing (e.g., emergency rooms and bedside). • Hospital POC testing is accepted and growing and is generally an extension of the hospital’s central laboratory. Hospitals in the U.S. have progressively sought to reduce the length of patient stays and, consequently, the proportion of cases seen as outpatients have increased. If the U.S. experience is representative of future trends, emergency departments and other critical care units such as intensive care units, operating rooms, trauma and cardiac centers are increasingly becoming the principal centers for the management of moderate and severe acute illness. 4 • Out-of-hospital testing sites consist of physicians’ office laboratories, nursing homes, pharmacies, retail clinics and other non-institutional, ambulatory settings in which healthcare providers perform diagnostic tests. This decentralized POC market encompasses a large variety of IVD products ranging from moderate-sized instrumented diagnostic systems serving larger group practices to single-use, disposable tests. We believe POC testing is increasing due to its clinical benefit, fast results, cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction. We believe that the growth in POC testing is in part due to evolving technological improvements creating high quality tests with laboratory accuracy and POC ease-of-use, some of which are capable of being granted a waiver under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”). Products We provide diagnostic testing solutions under various brand names, including, among others, the following: Quidel®, QuickVue®, QuickVue+®, Sofia®, AmpliVue®, Solana®, Virena®, MicroVueTM, Lyra®, FreshCellsTM, D3®, FastPoint®, ReadyCells®, Super E-MixTM, ELVIRA®, ELVIS® and Thyretain®. System Platforms—New and In Development: Our diagnostic testing solutions are provided through a number of proprietary platforms, including the following platforms recently developed or in development: Fluorescent Immunoassays Sofia Analyzer. Sofia is the brand name for our fluorescent immunoassay (“FIA”) system. The easy-to-use Sofia Analyzer combines unique software, when used in conjunction with Sofia FIA tests, to yield an automatic, objective result that is readily available on the instrument’s screen, in a hard-copy printout, and in a transmissible electronic form that can network via a lab information system to hospital and medical center databases. The Sofia FIA tests employ advanced lateral flow and immunofluorescence technologies to provide enhanced performance for several assays as noted in our disease state discussion below. The Sofia Analyzer provides for different operational modes to accommodate both small and large laboratories as well as other features designed to facilitate use in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals, medical centers, and small clinics. Next Generation Analyzer. We are developing the next generation Sofia Analyzer with added benefits and features and at a cost point that allows us to better address the lower-volume segment of the diagnostic testing market. We believe users will see an improvement in individual test performance and workflow. Enhanced optics are designed to provide added performance benefits and kinetic reading is designed to enable positive test results to be read in as few as two minutes. Similar to the original Sofia Analyzer, the next generation analyzer is planned to initially center around respiratory assays and then extend into Women's Health; Lyme Disease; and Vitamin D tests. Molecular Assays Lyra. Our open system molecular assays run on several thermocyclers currently on the market. We have several existing Lyra Molecular Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (“PCR”) assays that provide important benefits to the customer, including, among others, room temperature storage, reduced process time, and ready-to-use reagent configurations. These include several assays as noted in our disease state discussion below. AmpliVue. With our Molecular AmpliVue hand-held molecular diagnostic assay platform, the detection of the pathogen is achieved using a hand-held, fully contained cassette that combines isothermal Helicase Dependent Amplification (“HDA”) with lateral flow detection technology, and is currently used in several assays also noted in our disease state discussion below. Solana. The Solana system was developed as an extension to the AmpliVue product line, running the same proprietary HDA technology. Solana is an easy to run amplification and detection system that has the ability to concurrently run up to 12 assays. With minimal sample preparation for Solana assays, the system has the potential to receive a CLIA waiver. Molecular Systems in Development Savanna. We are developing the Savanna system as a rugged, low-cost, fully-integrated system with novel extraction, and sample in/result out simplicity. The system is expected to be able to run either PCR or HDA assays from multiple sample types. 5 Connectivity and Data Management Virena. Virena is a wireless cellular instrument management and surveillance system that operates as a cloud based solution connecting Quidel instruments across a healthcare system and automatically transmitting de-identified test results to a secure database. With Virena, a health system, physician office laboratory (“POL”), Urgent Care or Retail Clinic has the ability to compile, analyze, map and generate reports of de-identified test results improving operational efficiencies, quality and patient outcome initiatives. Medical and Wellness Categories: Our products address the following medical and wellness categories: Infectious Diseases Influenza. Our Sofia Influenza A+B test, used in conjunction with our Sofia Analyzer, and our QuickVue influenza tests are rapid, qualitative tests for the detection of the viral antigens of influenza type A and B, the two most common types of the influenza virus. In addition, our Sofia Influenza A+B test has special 510(k) clearance for an update to our package insert to include analytical reactivity with an avian Influenza A (H7N9) strain, A/Anhui/1/2013. In addition, during 2013, we began selling our Quidel Molecular Influenza A+B assay for use on the QuantStudio™ Dx Real-Time PCR Instruments by Life Technologies. Streptococci. Our Sofia Strep A fluorescent immunoassay, used in conjunction with our Sofia Analyzer, and our QuickVue Strep A tests are intended for the rapid, qualitative detection of Group A Streptococcal antigen from throat swabs or confirmation of presumptive Group A Streptococcal colonies recovered from culture. Also, in late 2013, we began selling our AmpliVue Group B Strep Assay. In 2014, we began selling our AmpliVue Group A Strep Assays. Also in 2014, we received FDA clearance, via the de novo request procedure, for our Lyra Direct Strep Assay, a multiplex real-time PCR assay that detects and differentiates between pyogenic Group A and pyogenic C or G Streptococcal throat infections. RSV. Our Sofia RSV test and our QuickVue RSV test are rapid immunoassay tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (“RSV”). During 2013, we also began selling our combo Quidel Molecular RSV + human metapneumovirus (hMPV) test. The majority of upper respiratory tract infections in children are caused by viruses and RSV is generally recognized as a frequent agent responsible for these infections. Multiplex Respiratory. Our cell culture and DFA detection solutions are used by reference laboratories, public health labs and acute care hospitals to detect seven major viral respiratory pathogens. Our proprietary cell culture platform R-MixTM combined with our FDA cleared antibody kit D3 Ultra DFA, detects Influenza A and B, RSV, Adenovirus and Parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3, with turn-around times between 16 and 48 hours. The same D3 Ultra DFA antibody kit can also be used for direct specimen testing for those viruses with turn-around times in less than 90 minutes. In 2009, we introduced a new FDA cleared technology called D3 FastPoint that detects eight viruses, with human metapnuemovirus added to the testing menu. D3 FastPoint provides laboratories, in a direct specimen testing format, the ability to produce virus identification in less than 25 minutes from specimen receipt. In 2014, we launched our Lyra Adenovirus Assay, a real-time PCR test for the qualitative detection of human adenovirus (HAdV) viral DNA, and our Lyra Parainfluenza Assay, a real-time PCR test for the qualitative detection and identification of Parainfluenza virus infections for types 1, 2 or 3 viral RNA. General Virology. We provide a wide variety of traditional cell lines, specimen collection devices, media and controls for use in laboratories that culture and test for normal human viruses. We provide cell-based products under the FreshCells brand in multiple different formats, including tubes, shell vials and multi-well plates. Herpes and Herpes Family. Our proprietary engineered cell culture system, ELVIS HSV, is an FDA cleared and highly sensitive system for the isolation and detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (“HSV”) types 1 and 2. Herpes is a widespread sexually transmitted infection with an HSV 2 prevalence rate of 16% of the population according to the Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”). We also provide a multiplex cell culture solution using a propriety cell platform called H&V-MixTM that is used to isolate HSV, Varicella-Zoster Virus (“VZV”) and Cytomegalovirus, all in the herpes family of viruses. Antibody detection and identification of each of these viruses can be performed with FDA cleared antibody products provided under the D3 DFA brand. During 2014, we also began commercializing our Lyra Direct HSV 1+2/VZV assay and AmpliVue HSV 1+2 for the differentiation and detection of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV 1+2) and Varicella-Zoster Virus in active lesions within the United States. 6 POC Women’s and General Health Pregnancy. Our Sofia hCG fluorescent immunoassay and our QuickVue pregnancy tests are used for the qualitative detection of hCG in serum or urine for the early detection of pregnancy. The early detection of pregnancy enables the physician and patient to institute proper care, helping to promote the health of both the woman and the developing embryo. Graves Disease. Our FDA cleared bioassay called Thyretain is used for the differential diagnosis of an autoimmune disease called Graves Disease. Graves Disease is caused by antibodies that stimulate the thyroid hormone receptors to create a hyperthyroid condition causing symptoms that include heart palpitations, unexplained weight loss, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Graves Disease is considered the most common autoimmune disorder in the U.S. according to an article published in the New England Journal of Medicine and it predominantly affects women. Thyretain is sold to reference laboratories and select acute care hospitals and has been successfully deployed on automated testing platforms. Chlamydia. Our QuickVue Chlamydia test is a lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid, qualitative detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from endocervical swab and cytology brush specimens. The test is intended for use as an aid in the presumptive diagnosis of Chlamydia. Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the most widespread sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. Over one-half of infected women do not have symptoms and, if left untreated, Chlamydia trachomatis can cause sterility. Bone Health. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the micro- architecture of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The risk for fracture increases exponentially with age. A key set of parameters in the monitoring of osteoporosis, both before and after therapy, are biochemical markers of bone metabolism. As a leader in the research space with our biomarkers for bone health, we produce both clinical and research products for the assessment of osteoporosis and the evaluation of bone resorption/formation, which, including our metabolic bone markers, are used by physicians to monitor the effectiveness of therapy in pharmaceutical and related research. Bone Health, Autoimmune Disease and Oncology Our Specialty Products Group (“SPG”) business develops diagnostic and research products in the fields of oncology, bone health and autoimmune disease. Assays are developed on a microwell platform and are currently marketed to clinicians and researchers. SPG is strategically focused on identifying and demonstrating clinical utility around these markers in a variety of disease states. In the area of autoimmune disease, we have developed Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (“ELISA”) based assays and reagents for the detection of activation products from the three main complement pathways. We currently sell these products both directly and through select distributors throughout the world under the Quidel and MicroVue brands. Gastrointestinal Diseases Clostridium difficile (C. diff). Our Quidel Molecular Direct C. diff assay is approved for use with the Life Technologies QuantStudio Dx™ and 7500 Fast Dx Applied Biosystems® Real-Time PCR Instruments. We also sell our C. diff assay as part of our expanding AmpliVue product line. C. diff is a life threatening bacterial infection, especially for the elderly and patients on a prolonged antibiotic regimen. Currently more than 500,000 cases of C. diff infections are diagnosed each year in the U.S. Enterovirus. Enteroviruses reproduce initially in the gastrointestinal tract before spreading to other organs such as the nervous system, heart and skin. Enteroviruses can also infect the respiratory tract. Enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus A16 are referred to as Hand Foot and Mouth disease and commonly affect infants and children. Our indirect fluorescent antibody (“IFA”) products sold under the name Super E-Mix and D3 IFA Enterovirus kit are used by reference laboratories and acute care hospitals. Immunoassay fecal occult blood. Our QuickVue test is a rapid, fecal immunochemical test (“FIT”) intended to detect the presence of blood in stool specimens. Blood in the stool is an indication of a number of gastrointestinal disorders, including colorectal cancer. We launched our first FIT test in late December 2005. Helicobacter pylori (“H. pylori”). H. pylori is the bacterium associated with approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with peptic ulcers in the U.S. H. pylori is implicated in chronic gastritis and is recognized by the World Health Organization as a Class 1 carcinogen that may increase a person’s risk of developing stomach cancer. Our rapid test is a serological test that measures antibodies circulating in the blood caused by the immune response to the H. pylori bacterium. 7 Seasonality Sales of our infectious disease products are subject to, and significantly affected by, the seasonal demands of the cold and flu seasons, prevalent during the fall and winter. As a result of these seasonal demands, we typically experience lower sales volume in the second and third quarters of the calendar year, and typically have higher sales in the first and fourth quarters of the calendar year. Historically, sales of our infectious disease products have varied from year to year based in large part on the severity, length and timing of the onset of the cold and flu season. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, sales of our infectious disease products accounted for 72%, 71% and 72%, respectively, of total revenue. Research and Development We continue to focus our research and development efforts on three areas: • • • new proprietary product platform development, the creation of improved products and new products for existing markets and unmet clinical needs, and pursuit of collaborations with, or acquisitions of, other companies for new and existing products and markets that advance our differentiated strategy. Research and development expenses were approximately $35.5 million, $37.9 million, and $34.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to devote a significant amount of financial resources to product and technology research and development for the foreseeable future. Marketing and Distribution Our business strategy is designed around serving the continuum of healthcare delivery needs starting with the POC clinicians located in small doctor’s office practices to moderately complex POLs through the highly complex environment in hospital and clinical reference laboratories. Within the inherent operational diversity of these various segments, we focus on ensuring market leadership and providing points of differentiation by specializing in the diagnosis and monitoring of selected disease states. Our marketing strategy includes ensuring that our key product portfolios are supported by clinical validation and health economic and outcomes research that show hospitals, laboratories, acute care facilities and POC clinicians that these tests deliver fast, high quality results, are cost-effective to use, and improve patient outcomes. Our distribution strategy needs to accommodate the fact that the U.S. POC market is highly fragmented, with many small or medium-sized customers. A network of national and regional distributors is utilized, combined with our own sales force, to reach customers using POC diagnostic tests. We have developed priority status with several of the major distributors in the U.S., resulting in many of our products having preferred product status with these distributors. We have expanded the size of our U.S. sales force in the past few years. As of December 31, 2015, we employed more than 100 U.S. sales representatives. We are utilizing this expanded sales force to work closely with our key distributors to drive market penetration of our products in the U.S. POC market, with a particular focus on addressing acute care and integrated delivery network customers. The sales, distribution and service of our cell culture and molecular diagnostic tests are controlled primarily by us. Laboratory end-users in hospitals and clinical reference laboratories utilizing these diagnostic tests are reached through our own direct sales force and technical support services that have specialized training and understanding of the product portfolio. Internationally, the use of professional rapid POC diagnostic tests, the acceptance of testing outside the central laboratory, the regulatory requirements to sell POC tests and consumer interest in over-the-counter and self-test products, differ considerably from the U.S. Our international sales are significantly lower than domestic sales, largely due to the POC market being more developed in the U.S. relative to the overall IVD market in other countries. We derive a significant portion of our total revenue from a relatively small number of distributors. Three of our distributors, which are considered to be among the market leaders, collectively accounted for approximately 48%, 48% and 43% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These distributors were McKesson Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc., and Fisher Scientific Company. See Note 7 “Industry and Geographic Information” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. 8 Manufacturing We have two primary manufacturing sites. These two sites are in San Diego, California and Athens, Ohio. Our San Diego facility consists of laboratories devoted to tissue culture, cell culture, protein purification and immunochemistry and production areas dedicated to manufacturing and assembly. In the manufacturing process, biological and chemical supplies and equipment are used. Since the year 2000, the San Diego facility has operated under a Quality Management System certified to the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) 9001 certification. During 2005, we became certified to the ISO 13485:2003 Regulatory Standard as required for medical device manufacturers distributing product within the European Union and other countries. Many of the immunoassay products manufactured in our San Diego facility are packaged and shipped by a local third party. Our Athens facility consists of clean rooms (FS-209E Class 1000: ISO Class 6) for the culturing and dispensing of cell cultures under cGMP conditions. The facility also has laboratories devoted to tissue culture for the production of monoclonal antibodies. In the manufacturing process, biological and chemical supplies are used, as well as specialized equipment. The facility is also certified to the ISO 13485:2003 medical device standard. Packaging and shipping logistics are also handled at the facility. In 2013, we added a molecular manufacturing laboratory dedicated to the manufacture and assembly of our molecular products. We seek to conduct all of our manufacturing in compliance with the FDA Quality System Regulations (“QSR”) (formerly Good Manufacturing Practices) governing the manufacture of medical devices. Our manufacturing facilities have been registered with the FDA and the Department of Health Services of the State of California for our San Diego facility (the “State FDA”), and have passed routine federal and state inspections confirming compliance with the QSR regulatory requirements. Government Regulation Regulation in the United States The testing, manufacture and commercialization of our products are subject to regulation by numerous governmental authorities, principally the FDA and corresponding state and foreign regulatory agencies. Pursuant to the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the FDA regulates the preclinical and clinical testing, manufacture, labeling, distribution and promotion of medical devices. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in, among other matters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, failure of the FDA to grant premarket clearance or premarket approval for devices, withdrawal of marketing clearances or approvals and criminal prosecution. The FDA also has the authority to request a recall, repair, replacement or refund of the cost of any device manufactured or distributed in the U.S. if the device is deemed to be unsafe. In the U.S., devices are classified into one of three classes (Class I, II or III) on the basis of the controls deemed necessary by the FDA to reasonably ensure their safety and effectiveness. Class I and II devices are subject to general controls including, but not limited to, performance standards, premarket notification (“510(k)”) and post market surveillance. Class III devices generally pose the highest risk to the patient and are typically subject to premarket approval to ensure their safety and effectiveness. Our current products are all Class I or II. Prior to commercialization in the U.S. market, manufacturers must obtain FDA clearance through a premarket notification or premarket approval process, which can be lengthy, expensive and uncertain. The FDA has been requiring more rigorous demonstration of product performance as part of the 510(k) process, including submission of extensive clinical data. It generally takes from three to six months to obtain clearance but may take longer. A premarket approval application must be supported by valid scientific evidence to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the device, typically including the results of clinical investigations, bench tests and reference laboratory studies. In addition, modifications or enhancements for existing products that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness, or constitute a major change in the intended use of the device, will require new submissions to the FDA. On January 30, 2008, the FDA issued guidance entitled “Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff Recommendation for CLIA waiver applications.” The guidance sets forth new requirements for obtaining a CLIA waiver that are onerous and have increased the time and cost required to obtain a CLIA waiver. Any devices we manufacture or distribute pursuant to FDA clearance or approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA and certain state agencies, including adherence to QSR relating to testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance requirements. We must also comply with Medical Device Reporting (“MDR”) requirements mandating reporting to the FDA of any incident in which a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or in which a device 9 malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Labeling and promotional activities are also subject to scrutiny by the FDA and, in certain circumstances, by the Federal Trade Commission. Current FDA enforcement policy prohibits the marketing of approved medical devices for unapproved uses. Regulation Outside of the United States For marketing outside the U.S., we are subject to foreign regulatory requirements governing human clinical testing and marketing approval for our products. These requirements vary by jurisdiction, differ from those in the U.S., and may require us to perform additional or different preclinical or clinical testing regardless of whether FDA approval has been obtained. The amount of time required to obtain necessary approvals may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. In many foreign countries, pricing and reimbursement approvals are also required. Our initial focus for obtaining marketing approval outside the U.S. is typically the European Union (the “EU”), Japan and China. EU Regulations and Directives generally classify healthcare products either as medicinal products, medical devices or in vitro diagnostics. The CE Mark certification for the EU requires us to receive ISO certification for the manufacture of our products. This certification comes only after the development of an all-inclusive quality system, which is reviewed for compliance with ISO standards by a licensed body working within the EU. After certification is received, a technical file is developed which attests to the product’s compliance with EU directive 98/79/EC for in vitro diagnostic medical devices. Only after this point is the product CE marked. Japanese regulations require registration of in vitro diagnostic products with the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Chinese regulations require registration of diagnostic products with the China FDA or CFDA. Additional clinical trials are typically required for registration purposes. For products marketed in Canada, we have our independent party certification under the Canadian Medical Device Regulation. Intellectual Property The healthcare industry has traditionally placed considerable importance on obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection for commercially relevant technologies, devices, products and processes. We and other companies engaged in research and development of new diagnostic products actively pursue patents for technologies that are considered novel and patentable. However, important factors, many of which are not within our control, can affect whether and to what extent patent protection in the U.S. and in other important markets worldwide is obtained. By way of example, the speed, accuracy and consistency in application of the law in a patent office within any particular jurisdiction is beyond our control and can be unpredictable. The resolution of issues such as these and their effect upon our long-term success is likewise indeterminable. We have issued patents, both in the U.S. and internationally, with expiration dates ranging from the present through approximately 2032 and have patent applications pending throughout the world. It has been our policy to file for patent protection in the U.S. and other countries with significant markets, such as Western European countries and Japan, if the economics are deemed to justify such filing and our patent counsel advises that relevant patent protection may be obtained. A large number of individuals and commercial enterprises seek patent protection for technologies, products and processes in fields in or related to our areas of product development. To the extent such efforts are successful, we may be required to obtain licenses and pay significant royalties in order to exploit certain of our product strategies and avoid a material adverse effect on our business. Licenses may not be available to us at all or, if so available, may not be available on acceptable terms. We are aware of certain patents issued to various developers of diagnostic products with potential applicability to our diagnostic technology. We have licensed certain rights from certain companies to assist with the manufacturing of certain products. In the future, we expect that we will require or desire additional licenses from other parties in order to refine our products further and to allow us to develop, manufacture and market commercially viable or superior products effectively. We seek to protect our trade secrets and technology by entering into confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties (such as potential licensees, customers, strategic partners and consultants). In addition, we have implemented certain security measures in our laboratories and offices. Also, to the extent that consultants or contracting parties apply technical or scientific information independently developed by them to our projects, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such data. Under many of our contractual agreements, we have agreed to indemnify the counterparty against costs and liabilities arising out of any patent infringement claims and other intellectual property claims asserted by a third party relating to products sold under those agreements. 10 Competition Competition in the development and marketing of IVD products is intense, and innovation, product development, regulatory clearance to market and commercial introduction of new IVD technologies can occur rapidly. We believe that some of the most significant competitive factors in the rapid diagnostic market include convenience, speed to result, specimen flexibility, product menu, clinical needs, price, reimbursement and product performance as well as the effective distribution, advertising, promotion and brand name recognition. The competitive factors in the central laboratory market are also significant and include price, product performance, reimbursement, compatibility with routine specimen procurement methods, and manufacturing products in testing formats that meet the workflow demands of larger volume laboratories. We believe our success will depend on our ability to remain abreast of technological advances, to develop, gain regulatory clearance and introduce technologically advanced products, to effectively market to customers a differentiated value proposition represented by our commercialized products, to maintain our brand strength and to attract and retain experienced personnel, who are in great demand. The majority of diagnostic tests requested by physicians and other healthcare providers are performed by independent clinical reference laboratories. These laboratories, we expect, will continue to compete vigorously to maintain their dominance of the testing market. In order to achieve market acceptance for our products, we will be required to continue to demonstrate that our products provide physicians and central laboratories cost-effective and time-saving alternatives to competitive products and technologies. Many of our current and prospective commercial competitors, including several large pharmaceutical and diversified healthcare companies, have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. These competitors include, among others, Alere Inc. (“Alere”), Beckman Coulter Primary Care Diagnostics, Fisher Scientific Corporation (“Fisher”), Becton Dickinson and Company, Meridian Bioscience, Inc., Cepheid Inc. and Chemicon International, Inc. We also face competition from our distributors since some have created, and others may decide to create, their own products to compete with ours. Competition may also be provided from large, medium and small development companies whose portfolio and technologies are dedicated to the development of diagnostic solutions in areas of infectious diseases in which we currently have relevant market share. Human Resources As of December 31, 2015, we had 624 employees, none of whom are represented by a labor union. We have experienced no work stoppages and believe that our employee relations are good. Executive Officers of Quidel Corporation The names, ages and positions of all executive officers as of December 31, 2015 are listed below, followed by a brief account of their business experience. There are no family relationships among these officers, nor any arrangements or understandings between any officer and any other person pursuant to which an officer was selected. Douglas C. Bryant, 58, was named President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors in February 2009. Mr. Bryant’s appointment as President and Chief Executive Officer was effective on March 1, 2009. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bryant served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer at Luminex Corporation, managing its Bioscience Group, Luminex Molecular Diagnostics (Toronto), manufacturing, R&D, technical operations, and commercial operations. From 1983 to 2007, Mr. Bryant held various worldwide commercial operations positions with Abbott Laboratories including, among others: Vice President of Abbott Vascular for Asia/Japan, Vice President of Abbott Molecular Global Commercial Operations and Vice President of Abbott Diagnostics Global Commercial Operations. Earlier in his career with Abbott, Mr. Bryant was Vice President of Diagnostic Operations in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Vice President of Diagnostic Operations Asia Pacific. Mr. Bryant has over 30 years of industry experience in sales and marketing, product development, manufacturing and service and support in both the diagnostics and life sciences markets. Mr. Bryant holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of California at Davis. Randall J. Steward, 61, became our Chief Financial Officer in October 2011. Prior to joining us, Mr. Steward served as the Chief Financial Officer for Navilyst Medical, Inc, a medical device company based in Massachusetts. From 2008 to January 2011, Mr. Steward served as Chief Operating Officer for SeQual Technologies, Inc., a San Diego-based medical device company, where he was responsible for all aspects of engineering, manufacturing, finance, and information systems. Prior to SeQual Technologies, Mr. Steward spent 11 years with Spectrum Brands as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Steward holds a B.B.A. in Accounting from Southern Methodist University. He is also a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 11 Michael D. Abney, Jr., 52, became our Senior Vice President, Distribution in January 2015. Prior to joining us, he served as Vice President, Channel and Distribution for ConvaTec from 2013 to 2014 and held a number of positions at PSS World Medical, Inc. from 1989 to 2013, including most recently as Vice President, Supplier Management. Mr. Abney received his B.A. degree in Finance from the University of Florida in 1989. Robert J. Bujarski, J.D., 47, became our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary in June 2008 and in 2010 became our Senior Vice President, Business Development, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Mr. Bujarski previously served as our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary from March 2007 through March 2008. From July 2005 to March 2007, he was our General Counsel and Vice President. Mr. Bujarski was an associate attorney with the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP in its transactions practice group from October 2001 to July 2005. Mr. Bujarski received his B.A. degree in 1991 and his law degree in 2001 from the University of Arizona. Werner Kroll, Ph.D., 59, became our Senior Vice President, R&D in May 2014. Prior to joining us, Dr. Kroll was Vice President and Global Head Research and Innovation for Novartis Molecular since 2009. Prior to holding that position he held a variety of senior positions from 2005 to 2009 at Novartis. Dr. Kroll has also held senior positions at Bayer from 1991 to 2005. Dr. Kroll received his Ph.D. and a Diploma in Chemistry from the University of Marburg. Edward K. Russell, 48, became our Senior Vice President, Global Commercial Operations in October 2015. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Russell was employed by Thermo Fisher Scientific, a life sciences company based in Massachusetts, and its predecessor company Life Technologies for ten years. Mr. Russell served in various leadership roles from 2005 through 2015, including North America Commercial Leader of the BioSciences Division, General Manager of Life Technologies’ Global Services & Support Division, and President of Life Technologies Japan. Prior to joining Life Technologies in 2005, Mr. Russell held various leadership positions at FedEx Kinko’s, ExxonMobil and Toyota/Lexus. Mr. Russell started his career as an officer in the U.S. Coast Guard. Mr. Russell holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and an MBA from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. John D. Tamerius, Ph.D., 70, has been our Senior Vice President, Strategic and External Affairs since October 2015. Dr. Tamerius previously served as the Company’s Vice President, Clinical/Regulatory Affairs from 2005 to November 2008 and Senior Vice President, Clinical/Regulatory Affairs from November 2008 to October 2015. Dr. Tamerius has held a variety of positions with us including, among others: Vice President for Research and Development and General Manager of the Company’s Specialty Products Group. Dr. Tamerius joined the Company in 1983 with the acquisition of Cytotech, Inc. where he served as President. Dr. Tamerius was previously a research associate at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation. Dr. Tamerius performed postdoctoral research in tumor immunology at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle and was awarded a Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Immunology, all from the University of Washington. 12 Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business Our operating results may fluctuate adversely as a result of many factors that are outside our control, which may negatively impact our stock price. Fluctuations in our operating results, for any reason, could cause our growth or operating results to fall below the expectations of investors and securities analysts. We base the scope of our operations and related expenses on our estimates of future revenues. A significant portion of our operating expenses are fixed, and we may not be able to rapidly adjust our expenses if our revenues fall short of our expectations. Our revenue estimates for future periods are based, among other factors, on estimated end-user demand for our products. If end-user consumption is less than estimated, revenues from our distribution partners and other distribution channels would be expected to fall short of expectations, and because such a significant portion of our costs are fixed, could result in operating losses. Factors that are beyond our control and that could affect our operating results in the future include: • • • • • • • • • • seasonal fluctuations in our sales of infectious disease tests, which are generally highest in fall and winter, thus resulting in generally lower operating results in the second and third calendar quarters and higher operating results in the first and fourth calendar quarters; timing of the onset, length and severity of the cold and flu seasons; government and media attention focused on influenza and the related potential impact on humans from novel influenza viruses, such as H1N1 and avian flu; changes in the level of competition, such as would occur if one of our competitors introduced a new, better performing or lower priced product to compete with one of our products; changes in the reimbursement systems or reimbursement amounts that end-users rely upon in choosing to use our products; changes in economic conditions in our domestic and international markets, such as economic downturns, decreased healthcare spending, reduced consumer demand, inflation and currency fluctuations; changes in government laws and regulations affecting our business; lower than anticipated market penetration of our new or more recently introduced products; significant quantities of our product or that of our competitors in our distributors’ inventories or distribution channels; changes in distributor buying patterns; and changes in the healthcare market including consolidation in our customer base. Our operating results are heavily dependent on sales of our influenza diagnostic tests. Although we continue to diversify our products, a significant percentage of our total revenues still continue to come from a limited number of our product families. In particular, revenues from the sale of our influenza tests represent a significant portion of our total revenues and are expected to remain so for at least the near future. In addition, the gross margins derived from sales of our influenza tests are significantly higher than the gross margins from our other core products. As a result, if sales or revenues of our influenza tests decline for any reason whether as a result of market share loss or price pressure, obsolescence, a mild flu season, regulatory matters or any other reason our operating results would be materially and adversely affected on a disproportionate basis. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, sales of our infectious disease products (including influenza test sales) accounted for 72%, 71%, and 72% respectively, of total revenue. To remain competitive, we must continue to develop, obtain and protect our proprietary technology rights; otherwise, we may lose market share or need to reduce prices as a result of competitors selling technologically superior products that compete with our products. Our ability to compete successfully in the diagnostic market depends on continued development and introduction of new proprietary technology and the improvement of existing technology. If we cannot continue to improve upon or develop, obtain and protect proprietary technology, our operating results could be adversely affected. 13 Our competitive position is heavily dependent on obtaining and protecting our own proprietary technology or obtaining licenses from others. Our ability to obtain patents and licenses, and their benefits, is uncertain. • We have issued patents both in the U.S. and internationally, with expiration dates ranging from the present through approximately 2032. In addition to our patents in the U.S., we have patents issued in various other countries including, among others, Australia, Canada, Japan and various European countries, including France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Additionally, we have patent applications pending in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. These pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of any patents, or if issued, may not have priority over others’ applications or may not offer meaningful protection against competitors with similar technology or may not otherwise provide commercial value. Moreover, any patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated, found unenforceable or circumvented in the future. Third parties can make, use and sell products covered by our patents in any country in which we do not have patent protection. • We also license the right to use our products to our customers under label licenses that are for research purposes only. These licenses could be contested and, because we cannot monitor all potential unauthorized uses of our products around the world, we might not be aware of an unauthorized use or might not be able to enforce the license restrictions in a cost-effective manner. • Our current and future licenses may not be adequate for the operation of our business. In the future, we expect that we will require or desire additional licenses from other parties in order to refine our products further and to allow us to develop, manufacture and market commercially viable or superior products. We may not be able to obtain licenses for technology patented by others and required to produce our products on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. To protect or enforce our patent rights, it may be necessary for us to initiate patent litigation proceedings against third parties, such as infringement suits or interference proceedings. These lawsuits would be expensive, take significant time and would divert management’s attention from other business concerns. In the event that we seek to enforce any of our patents against an infringing party, it is likely that the party defending the claim will seek to invalidate the patents we assert, which could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly, and our patent applications at risk of not being issued. Further, these lawsuits may provoke the defendants to assert claims against us. If we pursue any such claim, we cannot assure you that we will prevail in any of such suits or proceedings or that the damages or other remedies awarded to us, if any, will be economically valuable. In addition to our patents, we rely on confidentiality agreements and other similar arrangements with our employees and other persons who have access to our proprietary and confidential information, together with trade secrets and other common law rights, to protect our proprietary and confidential technology. These agreements and laws may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary technology in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information or in the event that our competitors independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours. Moreover, the laws of some foreign jurisdictions may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as those in the U.S. In the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information, if we encounter difficulties or are otherwise unable to effectively protect our intellectual property rights domestically or in foreign jurisdictions, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In order to remain competitive and profitable, we must expend considerable resources to research new technologies and products and develop new markets, and there is no assurance our efforts to develop new technologies, products or markets will be successful or such technologies, products or markets will be commercially viable. We devote a significant amount of financial and other resources to researching and developing new technologies, new products and new markets. The development, manufacture and sale of diagnostic products requires a significant investment of resources. The development of new markets also requires a substantial investment of resources, such as new employees, offices and manufacturing facilities. No assurances can be given that our efforts to develop new technologies or products will be successful, that such technologies and products will be commercially viable, or our expansion into new markets will be profitable. We expect to incur increased operating expenses as a result of our increased investment in sales and marketing activities, manufacturing scale-up and new product development associated with our efforts to accomplish our business strategies discussed in “Business - Business Strategy” in Part I of this Annual Report. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in implementing our operational, growth and other strategic efforts. In addition, the funds for our strategic development projects have in the past come primarily from our business operations and our working capital line of credit and the sale of debt securities. If our business slows and we become less profitable, and as a result have less money available to 14 fund research and development, we may have to reduce or eliminate programs. Similarly, if adequate financial, personnel, equipment or other resources are not available, we may be required to delay or scale back our strategic efforts. Our operations will be adversely affected if our operating results do not correspondingly increase with our increased expenditures or if our technology, product and market development efforts are unsuccessful or delayed. Furthermore, our failure to successfully introduce new technologies or products and develop new markets could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. We rely on a limited number of key distributors that account for a substantial majority of our total revenue. The loss of any key distributor or an unsuccessful effort by us to directly distribute our products could lead to reduced sales. Although we have many distributor relationships in the U.S., the market is dominated by a small number of these distributors. Three of our distributors, which are considered to be among the market leaders, collectively accounted (each individually in excess of 10%) for approximately 48%, 48%, and 43% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In addition, we rely on a few key distributors for a majority of our international sales, and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The loss or termination of our relationship with any of these key distributors could significantly disrupt our business unless suitable alternatives are timely found or lost sales to one distributor are absorbed by another distributor. Finding a suitable alternative to a lost or terminated distributor may pose challenges in our industry’s competitive environment, and another suitable distributor may not be found on satisfactory terms, if at all. For instance, some distributors already have exclusive arrangements with our competitors, and others do not have the same level of penetration into our target markets as our existing distributors. If total revenue from these or any of our other significant distributors were to decrease in any material amount in the future or we are not successful in timely transitioning business to new distributors, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. If we are not able to manage our growth strategy or if we experience difficulties identifying or integrating companies or technologies we may acquire, our operating results may be adversely affected. Our business strategy contemplates further growth, which would likely result in expanding the scope of operating and financial systems and the geographical area of our operations, including further expansion outside the U.S., as new products and technologies are developed and commercialized or new geographical markets are entered. Because we have a relatively small executive staff, acquisitions and other future growth may divert management’s attention from other aspects of our business, and place a strain on existing management and our operational, financial and management information systems. Furthermore, we may expand into markets in which we have less experience or incur higher costs. Some of our growth is expected to come from acquisitions of businesses and technologies. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to identify attractive acquisition targets, obtain financing for acquisitions on satisfactory terms or successfully acquire identified targets. Additionally, we may experience difficulties integrating the operations of companies or technologies that we may acquire, with our own operations, and we may not realize our anticipated benefits and cost savings within our expected time frame, or at all. We can give no assurance that we will be able to successfully identify, complete and integrate strategic acquisitions. Should we encounter difficulties in managing these tasks and risks, our growth strategy may suffer and our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. Intellectual property risks and third-party claims of infringement, misappropriation of proprietary rights or other claims against us could adversely affect our ability to market our products, require us to redesign our products or attempt to seek licenses from third parties, and materially adversely affect our operating results. In addition, the defense of such claims could result in significant costs and divert the attention of our management and other key employees. Companies in or related to our industry often aggressively protect and pursue their intellectual property rights. There are often intellectual property risks associated with developing and producing new products and entering new markets, and we may not be able to obtain, at reasonable cost or upon commercially reasonable terms, if at all, licenses to intellectual property of others that is alleged to be part of such new or existing products. From time to time, we have received, and may continue to receive, notices that claim we have infringed upon, misappropriated or misused other parties’ proprietary rights. We have hired and will continue to hire individuals or contractors who have experience in medical diagnostics and these individuals or contractors may have confidential trade secret or proprietary information of third parties. We cannot assure you that these individuals or contractors will not use this third-party information in connection with performing services for us or otherwise reveal this third-party information to us. Thus, we could be sued for misappropriation of proprietary information and trade secrets. Such claims are expensive to defend and could divert our attention and result in substantial damage awards and injunctions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, to 15 the extent that individuals or contractors apply technical or scientific information independently developed by them to our projects, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such data and may result in litigation. Moreover, in the past we have been engaged in litigation with parties that claim, among other matters, that we infringed their patents. The defense and prosecution of patent and trade secret claims are both costly and time consuming. We or our customers may be sued by other parties that claim that our products have infringed their patents or misappropriated their proprietary rights or that may seek to invalidate one or more of our patents. An adverse determination in any of these types of disputes could prevent us from manufacturing or selling some of our products, limit or restrict the type of work that employees involved with such products may perform for us, increase our costs and expose us to significant liability. As a general matter, our involvement in litigation or in any claims to determine proprietary rights, as may arise from time to time, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations for reasons such as: • • • • • • pending litigation may of itself cause our distributors or end-users to reduce or terminate purchases of our products; it may consume a substantial portion of our managerial and financial resources; its outcome would be uncertain and a court may find any third-party patent claims valid and infringed by our products (issuing a preliminary or permanent injunction) that would require us to procure costly licensing arrangements from third parties or withdraw or recall such products from the market, redesign such products offered for sale or under development or restrict employees from performing work in their areas of expertise; governmental agencies may commence investigations or criminal proceedings against our employees, former employees and us relating to claims of misappropriation or misuse of another party’s proprietary rights; an adverse outcome could subject us to significant liability in the form of past royalty payments, penalties, special and punitive damages, the opposing party’s attorneys' fees, and future royalty payments significantly affecting our future earnings; and failure to obtain a necessary license (upon commercially reasonable terms, if at all) upon an adverse outcome could prevent us from selling our current products or other products we may develop. Even if licenses to intellectual property rights are available, they can be costly. We have entered into various licensing agreements, which largely require payments based on specified product sales as well as the achievement of specific milestones. Royalty and license expenses under these arrangements collectively totaled $1.1 million, $8.9 million and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In addition to the foregoing, we may also be required to indemnify some customers, distributors and strategic partners under our agreements with such parties if a third party alleges or if a court finds that our products or activities have infringed upon, misappropriated or misused another person’s proprietary rights. Further, our products may contain technology provided to us by other parties such as contractors, suppliers or customers. We may have little or no ability to determine in advance whether such technology infringes the intellectual property rights of a third party. Our contractors, suppliers and licensors may not be required or financially able to indemnify us in the event that a claim of infringement is asserted against us, or they may be required to indemnify us only up to a maximum amount, above which we would be responsible for any further costs or damages. Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our debt. Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness, including cash due upon conversion of our Convertible Senior Notes ("Convertible Senior Notes"), depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as reducing capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. 16 We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of our Convertible Senior Notes or purchase the Convertible Senior Notes as required upon a fundamental change, and our existing debt contains, and our future debt may contain, limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or purchase of our Convertible Senior Notes. Following a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture to our Convertible Senior Notes), the holders of our Convertible Senior Notes will have the right to require us to purchase their notes for cash. Certain fundamental changes and the exercise of any repurchase right of Convertible Senior Note holders upon a fundamental change would result in an event of default under our existing Senior Credit Facility. A fundamental change may also constitute an event of default or prepayment under, and result in the acceleration of the maturity of, our other then-existing indebtedness. In addition, upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, unless we settle our conversion obligation solely in shares of our common stock (other than cash in lieu of any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Convertible Senior Notes being surrendered for conversion. We may not have sufficient financial resources, or be able to arrange financing, to pay the fundamental change purchase price in cash with respect to any Convertible Senior Notes surrendered by holders for purchase upon a fundamental change or make cash payments upon conversions. In addition, restrictions in our current or then existing credit facilities or other indebtedness, if any, may not allow us to purchase the Convertible Senior Notes upon a fundamental change or make cash payments upon conversions of the Convertible Senior Notes (including, as noted above, restrictions in our existing Senior Credit Facility on the repurchase of Convertible Senior Notes upon a fundamental change). Our failure to purchase the Convertible Senior Notes upon a fundamental change or make cash payments upon conversions thereof when required would result in an event of default with respect to the Convertible Senior Notes which could, in turn, constitute a default under the terms of our other indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and purchase the Convertible Senior Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof. The conditional conversion feature of our Convertible Senior Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Senior Notes is triggered, holders of Convertible Senior Notes will be entitled to convert their Convertible Senior Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more Convertible Senior Note holders elects to convert their notes, unless we satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock, we would be required to settle all or a portion of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. Furthermore, even if Convertible Senior Note holders did not elect to convert their notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Senior Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital. Our Senior Credit Facility imposes restrictions on our operations and activities, limits the amount we can borrow, and requires us to comply with various financial covenants. On August 10, 2012, we entered into an amended and restated $140.0 million senior secured syndicated credit facility, as amended (the “Senior Credit Facility”), which matures on August 10, 2017. The agreement governing the Senior Credit Facility is subject to certain customary covenants, including among others: limitations on liens; mergers, consolidations and sales of assets; debt; dividends, stock redemptions and the redemption and/or prepayment of other debt; investments (including loans and advances) and acquisitions; transactions with affiliates; and disposition of assets. We are also subject to financial covenants which include a funded debt to adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation (“adjusted EBITDA”) ratio (as defined in the Senior Credit Facility) and an interest coverage ratio. The Senior Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of our present and future assets and properties. If we fail to comply with these covenants, our Senior Credit Facility could become due and payable prior to maturity. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all financial covenants. We will continue to have the ability to incur debt and our levels of debt may affect our operations and our ability to pay the principal of and interest on our debt. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our debt instruments. As of December 31, 2015, we had $126.1 million available to borrow under the Senior Credit Facility. Our ability to borrow under the Senior Credit Facility fluctuates from time to time due to, among other factors, our borrowings under the facility and our funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio as measured under the Senior Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2015, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility. 17 Our indebtedness could be costly or have adverse consequences, such as: • • requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt; limiting our ability to obtain future financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt obligations and other general corporate requirements; • making us more vulnerable to adverse conditions in the general economy or our industry and to fluctuations in our operating results, including affecting our ability to comply with and maintain any financial tests and ratios required under our indebtedness; • • • limiting our flexibility to engage in certain transactions or to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and the diagnostics industry; putting us at a disadvantage compared to competitors that have less relative and/or less restrictive debt; and subjecting us to additional restrictive financial and other covenants. If we incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, these higher levels of indebtedness may affect our ability to pay the principal of and interest on existing indebtedness and our creditworthiness generally. We may need to raise additional funds to finance our future capital or operating needs, which could have adverse consequences on our operations and the interests of our stockholders. Seasonal fluctuations in our operating results could limit the cash we have available for research and development and other operating needs or cause us to fail to comply with financial covenants in the documents governing our indebtedness. As a result, we may not be able to draw on our Senior Credit Facility and we may need to seek to raise funds through public or private debt or sale of equity to achieve our business strategy or to avoid non-compliance with our financial covenants. In addition, we may need funds to complete acquisitions, or may issue equity in connection with acquisitions. If we raise funds or acquire other technologies or businesses through issuance of equity, this could dilute the interests of our stockholders. Moreover, the availability of additional capital, whether debt or equity from private capital sources (including banks) or the public capital markets, fluctuates as our financial condition and industry or market conditions in general change. There may be times when the private capital markets and the public debt or equity markets lack sufficient liquidity or when our securities cannot be sold at attractive prices, in which case we would not be able to access capital from these sources on favorable terms, if at all. We can give no assurance as to the terms or availability of additional capital. Volatility and disruption to the global capital and credit markets may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, as well as our ability to access credit and the financial soundness of our customers and suppliers. During the most recent recession, the global capital and credit markets experienced a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval, characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the U.S. federal government. If these conditions recur, it could adversely affect the demand for our products and services and, therefore, reduce purchases by our customers, which would negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, interest rate fluctuations, financial market volatility or credit market disruptions may limit our access to capital, and may also negatively affect our customers’ and our suppliers’ ability to obtain credit to finance their businesses. As a result, our customers’ needs and ability to purchase our products or services may decrease, and our suppliers may increase their prices, reduce their output or change their terms of sale. If our customers’ or suppliers’ operating and financial performance deteriorates, or if they are unable to make scheduled payments or obtain credit, our customers may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable owed to us, and our suppliers may restrict credit or impose different payment terms or reduce or terminate production of products they supply to us. Any inability of customers to pay us for our products and services, or any demands by suppliers for different payment terms, may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, both state and federal government sponsored and private payers, as a result of budget deficits or reductions, may seek to reduce their healthcare expenditures by renegotiating their contracts with us. Any reduction in payments by such government sponsored or private payers may adversely affect our earnings and cash flow. Declining economic conditions may also increase our costs. We may not achieve market acceptance of our products among healthcare providers and physicians, and this would have a negative effect on future sales. A large part of our business is based on the sale of rapid POC diagnostic tests. Our future sales depend on, among other matters, capture of sales from central laboratories by achieving market acceptance of POC testing from physicians and other healthcare providers. If we do not capture sales at the levels anticipated in our budget, our total revenue will not be at the levels that we expect and the costs we incur or have incurred will be disproportionate to our sales levels. We expect that clinical reference and hospital-based laboratories will continue to compete vigorously against our POC diagnostic products in order to 18 maintain and expand their existing dominance of the overall diagnostic testing market. Moreover, even if we can demonstrate that our products are more cost-effective, save time, or have better performance, physicians and other healthcare providers may resist changing to POC tests. We also believe that adoption of some of our products may be faster if the products are granted a CLIA waiver. On January 30, 2008, the FDA issued guidance setting forth new requirements for obtaining a CLIA waiver that are onerous and have increased the time and cost required to obtain a CLIA waiver. Our failure to achieve market acceptance from physicians and healthcare providers with respect to the use of our POC diagnostic products would have a negative effect on our future sales. The industry and market segment in which we operate are highly competitive, and intense competition with other providers of diagnostic products may reduce our sales and margins. Our diagnostic tests compete with similar products made by our competitors. There are a large number of multinational and regional competitors making investments in competing technologies and products, including several large pharmaceutical and diversified healthcare companies. We also face competition from our distributors as some have created, and others may decide to create, their own products to compete with ours. A number of our competitors have a potential competitive advantage because they have substantially greater financial, technical, research and other resources, and larger, more established marketing, sales, distribution and service organizations than we have. Moreover, some competitors offer broader product lines and have greater name recognition than we have. If our competitors’ products are more effective than ours or take market share from our products through more effective marketing or competitive pricing, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, there has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets over the last few years. We may not be able to compete successfully in an increasingly consolidated industry. We expect this trend toward industry consolidation may continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. Our business and products are highly regulated by various governmental agencies. Our results of operations would be negatively affected by failures or delays in the receipt of regulatory approvals or clearances, the loss of previously received approvals or other changes to the existing laws and regulations that adversely impact our ability to manufacture and market our products. The testing, manufacture and sale of our products are subject to regulation by numerous governmental authorities in the U.S., principally the FDA and corresponding state and foreign regulatory agencies. The FDA regulates most of our products, which are currently all Class I or II devices. The U.S. Department of Agriculture regulates our veterinary products. Our future performance depends on, among other matters, if, when and at what cost we will receive regulatory approval for new products. Regulatory review can be a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, making the timing and costs of clearances and approvals difficult to predict. In addition, certain of our foreign product registrations are owned or controlled by our international distribution partners, such that any change in our arrangement with such partners could result in the loss of or delay in transfer of any such product registrations, thereby interrupting our ability to sell our products in those markets. Our results of operations would be negatively affected by failures or delays in the receipt of regulatory approvals or clearances, the loss of previously received approvals or clearances or the placement of limits on the marketing and use of our products. For example, the FDA has recently proposed reclassifications of rapid influenza detection devices from Class I to Class II devices. If such reclassifications affected our ability to market one or more of our rapid influenza products, our total revenue may be negatively affected. Furthermore, in the ordinary course of business, we must frequently make subjective judgments with respect to compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If regulators subsequently disagree with the manner in which we have sought to comply with these regulations, we could be subjected to substantial civil and criminal penalties, as well as field corrective actions, product recall, seizure or injunction with respect to the sale of our products. The assessment of any civil and criminal penalties against us could severely impair our reputation within the industry and affect our operating results, and any limitation on our ability to manufacture and market our products could also have a material adverse effect on our business. Changes in government policy could adversely affect our business and profitability. Changes in government policy could have a significant impact on our business by increasing the cost of doing business, affecting our ability to sell our products and negatively impacting our profitability. Such changes could include modifications to existing legislation, such as U.S. tax policy, or entirely new legislation, such as the Affordable Healthcare Act in the U.S. Although we cannot fully predict the many ways that healthcare reform might affect our business, the law imposed a 2.3% medical device excise tax (MDET) on certain transactions, including many U.S. sales of medical devices, which includes the majority of our US product sales. This tax took effect January 1, 2013. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we incurred $2.1 million and $2.0 million related to the MDET, respectively. On December 18, 2015, legislation was passed to suspend the 2.3% MDET for a period of two years. It is unclear whether and to what extent, if at all, other anticipated 19 developments resulting from healthcare reform, such as an increase in the number of people with health insurance, may impact us. We are subject to numerous government regulations in addition to FDA regulation, and compliance with laws, including changed or new laws, could increase our costs and adversely affect our operations. In addition to FDA and other regulations referred to above, numerous laws relating to such matters as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, data privacy, environmental protection, fire hazard control and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances impact our business operations. If these laws or their interpretation change or new laws regulating any of our businesses are adopted, the costs of compliance with these laws could substantially increase our overall costs. Failure to comply with any laws, including laws regulating the manufacture and marketing of our products, could result in substantial costs and loss of sales or customers. Because of the number and extent of the laws and regulations affecting our industry, and the number of governmental agencies whose actions could affect our operations, it is impossible to reliably predict the full nature and impact of future legislation or regulatory developments relating to our industry and our products. To the extent the costs and procedures associated with meeting new or changing requirements are substantial, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. We use hazardous materials in our business that may result in unexpected and substantial claims against us relating to handling, storage or disposal. Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. These regulations include federal statutes commonly known as CERCLA, RCRA and the Clean Water Act. Compliance with these laws and regulations is already expensive. If any governmental authorities were to impose new environmental regulations requiring compliance in addition to that required by existing regulations, or alter their interpretation of the requirements of such regulations, such environmental regulations could impair our research, development or production efforts by imposing additional, and possibly substantial, costs, restrictions or compliance procedures on our business. In addition, because of the nature of the penalties provided for in some of these environmental regulations, we could be required to pay sizable fines, penalties or damages in the event of noncompliance with environmental laws. Any environmental violation or remediation requirement could also partially or completely shut down our research and manufacturing facilities and operations, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from these hazardous materials cannot be completely eliminated and exposure of individuals to these materials could result in substantial fines, penalties or damages that are not covered by insurance. Our total revenue could be affected by third-party reimbursement policies and potential cost constraints. The end-users of our products are primarily physicians and other healthcare providers. In the U.S., healthcare providers such as hospitals and physicians who purchase diagnostic products generally rely on third-party payers, principally private health insurance plans, federal Medicare and state Medicaid, to reimburse all or part of the cost of the procedure. Use of our products would be adversely impacted if physicians and other healthcare providers do not receive adequate reimbursement for the cost of our products by their patients’ third-party payers. Our total revenue could also be adversely affected by changes or trends in reimbursement policies of these governmental or private healthcare payers. We believe that the overall escalating cost of medical products and services has led to, and will continue to lead to, increased pressures on the healthcare industry, both foreign and domestic, to reduce the cost of products and services. Given the efforts to control and reduce healthcare costs in the U.S. in recent years, currently available levels of reimbursement may not continue to be available in the future for our existing products or products under development. Third-party reimbursement and coverage may not be available or adequate in either the U.S. or foreign markets, current reimbursement amounts may be decreased in the future and future legislation, regulation or reimbursement policies of third-party payers may reduce the demand for our products or adversely impact our ability to sell our products on a profitable basis. Unexpected increases in, or inability to meet, demand for our products could require us to spend considerable resources to meet the demand or harm our reputation and customer relationships if we are unable to meet demand. Our inability to meet customer demand for our products, whether as a result of manufacturing problems or supply shortfalls, could harm our customer relationships and impair our reputation within the industry. In addition, our product manufacturing of certain product lines is concentrated in one or more of our manufacturing sites. Weather, natural disasters (including pandemics), fires, terrorism, political change, failure to follow specific internal protocols and procedures, equipment malfunction, environmental factors or damage to one or more of our facilities could adversely affect our ability to manufacture our products. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business. 20 If we experience unexpected increases in the demand for our products, we may be required to expend additional capital resources to meet these demands. These capital resources could involve the cost of new machinery or even the cost of new manufacturing facilities. This would increase our capital costs, which could adversely affect our earnings and cash resources. If we are unable to develop or obtain necessary manufacturing capabilities in a timely manner, our total revenue could be adversely affected. Failure to cost-effectively increase production volumes, if required, or lower than anticipated yields or production problems, including those encountered as a result of changes that we may make in our manufacturing processes to meet increased demand or changes in applicable laws and regulations, could result in shipment delays as well as increased manufacturing costs, which could also have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Unexpected increases in demand for our products could also require us to obtain additional raw materials in order to manufacture products to meet the demand. Some raw materials require significant ordering lead time and we may not be able to timely access sufficient raw materials in the event of an unexpected increase in demand, particularly those obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. Interruptions in the supply of raw materials and other products and services could adversely affect our operations and financial results. We depend on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for some of our products, or components and materials used in our products. Some of our raw materials, equipment and components are currently obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. We have long-term supply agreements with many of these suppliers, but these long-term agreements involve risks for us, such as our potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of quality raw materials, equipment or components and our reduced control over pricing, quality and timely delivery. It is also possible that one or more of these suppliers may become unwilling or unable to deliver materials or components to us. In addition, due to regulatory requirements relating to the qualification of suppliers, we may not be able to establish additional or replacement sources on a timely basis or without excessive cost. Any shortfall in our supply of raw materials, equipment or components, or our inability to quickly and cost- effectively obtain alternative sources for this supply, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. In addition, we use third party packaging companies to ship our products to customers. An interruption in the businesses of these third party packaging companies could result in a delay of shipments to customers. If one or more of our products is claimed to be defective, we could be subject to claims of liability and harm to our reputation that could adversely affect our business. A claim of a defect in the design or manufacture of our products could have a material adverse effect on our reputation in the industry and subject us to claims of liability for injuries and otherwise. Any substantial underinsured loss resulting from such a claim would have a material adverse effect on our operating results and the damage to our reputation or product lines in the industry could have a material adverse effect on our business. We are exposed to business risk which, if not covered by insurance, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. We face a number of business risks, including exposure to product liability claims. Although we maintain insurance for a number of these risks, we may face claims for types of damages, or for amounts of damages, that are not covered by our insurance. For example, although we currently carry product liability insurance for liability losses, there is a risk that product liability or other claims may exceed the amount of our insurance coverage or may be excluded from coverage under the terms of our policy. Also, our existing insurance may not be renewed at the same cost and level of coverage as currently in effect, or may not be renewed at all. Further, we do not currently have insurance against many environmental risks we confront in our business. If we are held liable for a claim against which we are not insured or for damages exceeding the limits of our insurance coverage, whether arising out of product liability matters or from some other matter, that claim could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Failures in our information technology and storage systems could significantly disrupt our business or force us to expend excessive costs. We utilize complex information technology systems to support our business. We cannot be sure that our systems will meet our future business needs or that necessary upgrades will operate as designed, which could result in excessive costs or disruptions in portions of our business. In particular, any disruptions, delays or deficiencies caused by our enterprise resource planning system could adversely affect our ability to process orders, ship products, provide services and customer support, send invoices and track payments, fulfill contractual obligations or otherwise operate our business. In addition, despite the implementation of security measures, information technology systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, 21 including computer viruses, unauthorized access, telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts, terrorism and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security and back-up measures, some of our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems. Despite the precautionary measures we have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect our systems, sustained or repeated system failures that interrupt our ability to generate and maintain data, could result in a material disruption in our operations. Furthermore, to the extent that any disruption or security breach resulted in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could face a variety of negative consequences, including regulatory actions or litigation, fines or penalties, adverse publicity, increased cybersecurity protection costs, and lost revenue. Our business could be negatively affected by the loss of or the inability to hire key personnel. Our future success depends in part on our ability to retain our key technical, sales, marketing and executive personnel and our ability to identify and hire additional qualified personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, both in the industry in which we operate and where our operations are located. Further, we expect to grow our operations, and our needs for additional management and other key personnel are expected to increase. If we are not able to retain existing key personnel, or timely identify and hire replacement or additional qualified personnel to meet expected growth, our business could be adversely impacted. In addition, the loss of any of our key personnel, particularly key research and development personnel, could harm our business and prospects and could impede the achievement our research and development, operation or strategic objectives. We face risks relating to our international sales, including inherent economic, political and regulatory risks, which could impact our financial performance, cause interruptions in our current business operations and impede our growth strategy. Our products are sold internationally, with the majority of our international sales to our customers in Europe and Asia- Pacific. We currently sell and market our products through distributor organizations and sales agents. Sales to foreign customers accounted for 14%, 13%, and 13% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our international sales are subject to inherent economic, political and regulatory risks, which could impact our financial performance, cause interruptions in our current business operations and impede our international growth. These foreign risks include, among others: • • • • • • • • • compliance with multiple different registration requirements and new and changing registration requirements, our inability to benefit from registration for our products inasmuch as registrations may be controlled by a distributor, and the difficulty in transitioning our product registrations; compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations, including U.S. laws such as import/export limitations, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, could expose us or our employees to fines and criminal sanctions and damage our reputation; tariffs or other barriers as we continue to expand into new countries and geographic regions; exposure to currency exchange fluctuations against the U.S. dollar; longer payment cycles, generally lower average selling prices and greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection; reduced, or lack of, protection for, and enforcement of, intellectual property rights; political and economic instability in some of the regions where we currently sell our products or that we may expand into in the future; complex and potentially adverse tax consequences; and diversion to the U.S. of our products sold into international markets at lower prices. Currently, the majority of our international sales are negotiated for and paid in U.S. dollars. Nonetheless, these sales are subject to currency risks, since changes in the values of foreign currencies relative to the value of the U.S. dollar can render our products comparatively more expensive. These exchange rate fluctuations could negatively impact international sales of our products, as could changes in the general economic conditions in those markets. In order to maintain a competitive price for our products internationally, we may have to continue to provide discounts or otherwise effectively reduce our prices, resulting in a lower margin on products sold internationally. Continued change in the values of the Euro, the Japanese Yen and other foreign currencies could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we have certain supply agreements with foreign vendors whereby we share the foreign currency exchange fluctuation risk. We may, in the future, enter into similar arrangements. 22 Sales of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price for our common stock and adversely impact the trading price of our securities. We may need to seek additional capital. If this additional financing is obtained through the issuance of equity securities, debt convertible into equity or options or warrants to acquire equity securities, our existing stockholders could experience significant dilution upon the issuance, conversion or exercise of such securities. In addition, a substantial number of shares of our common stock is reserved for issuance upon the conversion of our Convertible Senior Notes, exercise of stock options and vesting of other equity awards. In addition, the issuance of additional shares of our common stock, or issuances of additional securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of our common stock or other equity linked securities, including, convertible debt, preferred stock or warrants, could dilute the ownership interest of our common stockholders and could depress the market price of shares of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the size of future issuances or the effect, if any, that they may have on the market price for our common stock. We also have a number of institutional stockholders that own significant blocks of our common stock. If one or more of these stockholders were to sell large portions of their holdings in a relatively short time, for liquidity or other reasons, the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock could be negatively affected. The price of our stock may fluctuate unpredictably in response to factors unrelated to our operating performance. The stock market periodically experiences significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may cause the market price of our common stock to drop. In particular, the market price of securities of smaller medical device companies, like ours, has been very unpredictable and may vary in response to: • • • • • • • • announcements by us or our competitors concerning technological innovations; introductions of new products; FDA and foreign regulatory actions; developments or disputes relating to patents or proprietary rights; failure to meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors; changes in stock market analyst recommendations regarding our common stock; changes in healthcare policy in the U.S. or other countries; and general stock market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance. Some provisions of our charter documents, Delaware law, and our Convertible Senior Notes may make takeover attempts difficult, which could depress the price of our stock and inhibit one’s ability to receive a premium price for their shares. Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of our business, even if such change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation allows our board of directors to issue up to five million shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights and preferences of such shares without stockholder approval. Any such issuance could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire our business and may adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. Our amended and restated bylaws include advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals that require stockholders to give written notice of any proposal or director nomination to us within a specified period of time prior to any stockholder meeting and do not permit stockholders to call a special meeting of the stockholders, unless such stockholders hold not less than 50% of our stock entitled to vote at the meeting. We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law. Together these provisions may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of us, adversely affecting the market price of our common stock. In addition, the terms of our Convertible Senior Notes require us to offer to purchase the notes for cash in the event of a fundamental change. A non-stock takeover of our company may trigger the requirement that we purchase the Convertible Senior Notes. This feature may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of our company that would otherwise be beneficial to investors. 23 We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends on our common stock. We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the near future. Our current policy is to retain all funds and any earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Our Senior Credit Facility contains restrictions prohibiting us from paying any cash dividends without the lenders’ prior approval. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties At December 31, 2015, we occupied the indicated square footage in the leased facilities described below: Location San Diego, CA (McKellar) Status Leased San Diego, CA (High Bluff) Leased Athens, OH Leased Lease term 2020 - options to extend for three additional 5 year periods 2022 - options to extend for two additional 5 year periods 2017 - options to extend for two additional 5 year periods Square Footage 78,000 Administrative offices, research and Primary Use development and manufacturing 30,000 Administrative offices, sales and marketing (principal executive offices) 94,000 Administrative offices, sales and marketing, research and development and manufacturing Beverly, MA Leased 2020 - options to extend for two additional 5 year periods 9,700 Administrative offices, research and development and manufacturing We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs, and we currently do not anticipate any material difficulty in renewing any of our leases as they expire or securing additional or replacement facilities, in each case, on commercially reasonable terms. However, in anticipation of our growth strategy, we may pursue alternative facilities. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are involved in various claims and litigation matters from time to time in the ordinary course of business. We believe that all such current legal actions, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the company. We also maintain insurance, including coverage for product liability claims, in amounts which we believe are appropriate given the nature of the business. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 24 Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities COMMON STOCK PRICE RANGE Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “QDEL.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods indicated. Quarter Ended December 31, 2015 ........................................................................................................ $ September 30, 2015 ....................................................................................................... $ June 30, 2015 ................................................................................................................. $ March 31, 2015 .............................................................................................................. $ December 31, 2014 ........................................................................................................ $ September 30, 2014 ....................................................................................................... $ June 30, 2014 ................................................................................................................. $ March 31, 2014 .............................................................................................................. $ Low High 21.07 18.56 22.75 26.66 23.75 21.02 20.67 27.30 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 21.41 19.07 23.16 27.53 28.68 26.99 27.54 31.71 As of February 15, 2016, we had approximately 422 common stockholders of record. No cash dividends were declared for our common stock during the fiscal years ended in 2015 or 2014, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Our Senior Credit Facility contains restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. See Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. Stock Repurchases During the year ended December 31, 2015, we repurchased 1,397,000 shares of outstanding common stock under the Company's previously announced share repurchase program for approximately $30.4 million. Additionally, 21,047 shares of outstanding common stock with a value of $0.5 million were repurchased in connection with payment of minimum tax withholding obligations for certain employees relating to the lapse of restrictions on certain restricted stock units. These shares are not considered repurchases under the Company’s repurchase program. As of December 31, 2015, there was $19.6 million available under the Company's share repurchase program. The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common stock by us during the three months ended January 3, 2016: Period September 28, 2015 - October 25, 2015....... October 26, 2015 - November 22, 2015....... November 23, 2015 - January 3, 2016 ......... Total.............................................................. Total number of shares purchased (1) 12,551 Average price paid per share 18.04 $ 176,546 — 189,097 17.46 — 17.50 Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2) 8,685 $ 176,546 — 185,231 22,705,853 19,662,660 19,662,660 19,662,660 (1) In addition to our share repurchase program, we repurchased 3,866 shares of common stock from employees in connection with payment of minimum tax withholding obligations related to the lapse of restrictions on certain restricted stock units during the three months ended December 31, 2015. (2) On January 25, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized an amendment to the Company's previously announced stock repurchase program to replenish the amount available for repurchase under the program back to the previously authorized repurchase amount of $50.0 million, approve the addition of repurchases of the Company's Convertible Senior Notes under the program and extend the program through January 25, 2018. Under the amended program, the Company may repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $50.0 million in shares of its common stock and/or its Convertible Senior Notes. 25 STOCKHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE GRAPH Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Composite Index, Nasdaq Health Care Index, and Nasdaq US Benchmark Medical Supplies Index for the period beginning December 31, 2010 and ending December 31, 2015. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2010 in our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Nasdaq US Benchmark Medical Supplies Index, the Nasdaq Health Care Index and reinvestment of dividends. The stock price performance of our common stock depicted in the graph represents past performance only and is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Among Quidel Corporation, the NASDAQ Composite, NASDAQ US Benchmark Medical Supplies and NASDAQ Health Care Indices COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR TOTAL CUMULATIVE RETURN Base Period Company/Index Quidel Corporation.................. $ NASDAQ Composite .............. $ NASDAQ US Benchmark Medical Supplies ..................... $ NASDAQ Health Care ............ $ 12/31/2010 12/31/2011 12/31/2012 12/31/2013 12/31/2014 12/31/2015 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 $ $ $ $ 104.71 98.20 95.86 104.51 $ $ $ $ 129.20 113.82 116.37 132.98 $ $ $ $ 213.77 157.44 140.65 208.83 $ $ $ $ 200.14 178.53 166.97 268.28 $ $ $ $ 146.71 188.75 182.96 286.68 26 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following table presents selected consolidated financial data of Quidel Corporation. This historical data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto in Item 8 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in Item 7 in this Annual Report. Consolidated Statements of Operations Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (1) 2012 2011 Total revenues (2) ................................................................. $ 196,129 Costs and expenses Cost of sales (excludes amortization of intangible assets) (3) ....................................................................... Research and development ........................................... Sales and marketing (2) ................................................. General and administrative ........................................... Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses and technology............................................ Impairment loss ............................................................ Facility restructuring charge ......................................... 71,688 35,514 47,886 29,447 8,856 — — Total costs and expenses........................................ 193,391 Operating income (loss)....................................................... Interest expense, net............................................................. (Loss) income before (benefit) provision for taxes.............. (Benefit) provision for income taxes ................................... Net (loss) income ................................................................. $ Basic earnings (loss) per share ..................................... $ Diluted earnings (loss) per share .................................. $ Shares used in basic per share calculation ........................... Shares used in diluted per share calculation ........................ 2,738 (12,035) (9,297) (3,218) (6,079) $ (0.18) $ (0.18) $ (in thousands, except per share data) $ 177,325 $ 157,719 $ 184,158 $ 160,476 74,180 37,913 43,076 25,811 8,828 3,558 — 193,366 (9,208) (1,775) (10,983) (3,909) (7,074) $ (0.21) $ (0.21) $ 66,976 34,186 35,744 25,581 8,171 — 1,825 61,285 27,716 32,297 19,800 62,865 26,325 27,624 21,989 6,935 7,124 — — — — 172,483 148,033 145,927 4,842 (1,408) 3,434 (3,956) 7,390 0.22 0.21 33,836 34,947 $ $ $ 9,686 (2,075) 7,611 2,618 4,993 0.15 0.15 33,068 33,702 $ $ $ 14,549 (3,065) 11,484 3,851 7,633 0.23 0.23 32,903 33,320 34,104 34,104 34,451 34,451 27 Balance Sheet Data 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 December 31, Cash and cash equivalents ............................... $ Working capital................................................ $ Total assets (4) .................................................. $ Long-term debt and lease obligation, net of current portion (4) ............................................. $ Stockholders’ equity......................................... $ Common shares outstanding ............................ $ $ $ $ $ 191,471 209,834 406,505 147,329 218,676 33,323 200,895 238,096 447,411 142,575 245,011 34,433 (in thousands) 8,388 $ $ $ $ $ 54,610 271,485 5,126 223,779 34,073 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 14,856 52,271 242,099 10,567 199,780 33,451 61,332 71,452 278,894 47,947 185,386 33,276 (1) Includes the results of operations of BioHelix and AnDiaTec from dates of acquisition, May 6, 2013 and August 26, 2013, respectively. (2) Includes reclassification of freight billed to customers of $1,543, $1,915, $1,978 and $1,873 from sales and marketing expense to revenue for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. (3) Excludes amortization of intangible assets of $6,341, $6,283, $6,079, $5,753 and $6,667 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. (4) Includes reclassification of deferred debt issuance costs of $4,139 from total assets to long-term debt as of December 31, 2014. 28  Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that involve material risks and uncertainties. This discussion should be read in conjunction with “A Warning About Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 and “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of this Annual Report. In addition, our discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Quidel Corporation in this Item 7 should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Overview and Executive Summary We have a leadership position in the development, manufacturing and marketing of diagnostic testing solutions. These diagnostic testing solutions primarily include applications in infectious diseases, women’s health and gastrointestinal diseases. We sell our products directly to end users and distributors, in each case, for professional use in physician offices, hospitals, clinical laboratories, reference laboratories, leading universities, retail clinics, pharmacies and wellness screening centers. We market our products in the U.S. through a network of national and regional distributors and a direct sales force. Internationally, we sell primarily through distributor arrangements. For the year ended December 31, 2015, total revenue increased 7% to $196.1 million as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. A majority of our total revenues relate to three product families: Influenza, Strep A and pregnancy tests. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we derived approximately 69%, 68% and 67%, respectively, of our total revenues from sales of our influenza, Group A Strep and pregnancy tests. Additionally, a significant portion of our total revenue is from a relatively small number of distributors. Approximately 48%, 48% and 43% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were related to sales through our three largest distributors. Our primary objective is to increase shareholder value by building a broader-based diagnostic company capable of delivering revenue growth and more consistent operating results. Our strategy is to identify potential market segments that provide, or are expected to provide, significant total market opportunities, and in which we can be successful by applying our significant expertise and know-how to develop differentiated technologies and products. Our diagnostic testing solutions are designed to provide specialized results that serve a broad range of customers, by addressing the market requirements of ease of use, reduced cost, increased test accuracy and reduced time to result. Our current approach to address this diagnostic continuum relative to our strategy is comprised of three parts: • • rapid point of care immunoassay tests for use in physician offices, hospital laboratories and emergency departments, retail clinics, pharmacies and other urgent care or alternative site settings; direct fluorescent assays (“DFA”) and culture-based tests for the clinical virology laboratory; and • molecular diagnostic tests across a number of laboratory and other segments. Our current focus to accomplish our primary objective includes the following: • • • leveraging our current infrastructure to develop and launch new rapid immunoassays such as additional assays for our FDA approved Sofia® and next generation analyzers; developing a molecular diagnostics franchise that incorporates three distinct testing platforms, AmpliVue®, Savanna™ and Solana® and that leverages our molecular assay development competencies; and strengthening our position with distribution partners and our end-user customers to gain more emphasis on our products in the U.S. and abroad. Our current initiatives to execute this strategy include the following: • continue to focus our research and development efforts on three areas: • • • new proprietary product platform development; the creation of improved products and new products for existing markets and unmet clinical needs; and pursuit of collaborations with, or acquisitions of, other companies for new and existing products and markets that advance our differentiated strategy. • provide clinicians with validated studies that encompass the clinical efficacy and economic efficiency of our diagnostic tests for the professional market; 29 • • • • • • strengthen our market and brand leadership in infectious diseases, women’s health and gastrointestinal diseases by acquiring and/or developing and introducing clinically superior diagnostic solutions; strengthen our direct sales force to enhance relationships with integrated delivery networks, laboratories and hospitals, with a goal of driving growth through improved physician and laboratorian satisfaction; leverage our wireless connectivity and data management systems, including cloud-based tools; support payer evaluation of diagnostic tests and establishment of favorable reimbursement rates; continue to create strong global alliances to support our efforts to achieve leadership in key markets and expand our presence in emerging markets; and further refine our manufacturing efficiencies and productivity improvements to improve profit, with continued focus on profitable products and markets and our effort to create a core competency in new product development. Product development activities are inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain regulatory body clearance to market any of our products, or if we obtain clearances, that we will successfully commercialize any of our products. In addition, we may terminate our development efforts with respect to one or more of our products under development at any time, including before or during clinical trials. Outlook We anticipate revenue growth over the next year assuming relatively normal respiratory seasons, and a related positive impact on gross margin and earnings. This growth is expected to be driven primarily by increased sales of our Sofia assays and molecular products. In addition, we expect continued and significant investment in research and development activities as we invest in our molecular platforms. We will continue our focus on prudently managing our business and delivering solid financial results, while at the same time striving to continue to introduce new products to the market and maintaining our emphasis on research and development investments for longer term growth. Finally, we will continue to evaluate opportunities to acquire new product lines, technologies and companies. 30 Results of Operations Comparison of years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 Total Revenues The following table compares total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except percentages): For the year ended December 31, Increase (decrease) 2015 2014 $ % Infectious disease net product sales................................ Women’s health net product sales................................... Gastrointestinal disease net product sales....................... Other net product sales ................................................... Royalty, license fees and grant revenue.......................... Total revenues................................................................. $ $ 141,857 37,161 7,224 3,698 6,189 196,129 $ $ 130,416 34,332 7,414 4,315 7,681 184,158 $ $ 11,441 2,829 (190) (617) (1,492) 11,971 9 % 8 % (3)% (14)% (19)% 7 % For the year ended December 31, 2015, total revenue increased 7% to $196.1 million. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to an increase in sales of Influenza, Strep A, and RSV driven by continued share gains made on the Sofia platform. Gains in the women's health segment were driven by growth in our Thyretain, Autoimmune disease and pregnancy product lines. Other revenues declined $0.6 million due primarily to reduced demand for our animal health products. The revenue from our royalty, license fees and grant revenue category decreased due to timing of grant revenues associated with the amended Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant agreement. Cost of Sales Cost of sales decreased to 37% of total revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 40% of total revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2014. The absolute dollar decrease in cost of sales of $2.5 million is primarily driven by the expiration of the amortization of the Alere settlement and improved manufacturing efficiencies. This was partially offset by the increased costs associated with greater revenues and increased depreciation expense on our instrument installed base. Operating Expenses The following table compares operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except percentages): For the year ended December 31, 2015 2014 Operating expenses As a % of total revenues Operating expenses As a % of total revenues Research and development ......................... $ Sales and marketing.................................... $ General and administrative ......................... $ Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses and technology ........... $ Impairment loss .......................................... $ 35,514 47,886 29,447 8,856 — 18% $ 24% $ 15% $ 5% $ —% $ 37,913 43,076 25,811 8,828 3,558 Increase (decrease) 21% $ 23% $ 14% $ $ (2,399) 4,810 3,636 5% $ 2% $ 28 (3,558) % (6)% 11 % 14 % — % N/A Research and Development Expense Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased from $37.9 million to $35.5 million primarily due to delayed timing of third-party developmental spend for the Savanna MDx platform partially offset by increased spend for our next generation Sofia instrument and development of related assays; Strep Pneumo, Vitamin D and Lyme disease. 31 Research and development expenses include direct external costs such as fees paid to consultants, and internal direct and indirect costs such as compensation and other expenses for research and development personnel, supplies and materials, clinical trials and studies, facility costs and depreciation. Due to the risks inherent in the product development process and given the early-stage of development of certain projects, we are unable to estimate with meaningful certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of our product candidates for commercialization. We expect our research and development costs to be substantial as we move other product candidates into preclinical and clinical trials and advance our existing product candidates into later stages of development. Sales and Marketing Expense Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased from $43.1 million to $47.9 million driven primarily by increased headcount-related costs associated with the full year effect of the 2014 sales force expansion. At December 31, 2015, we employed more than 100 U.S. sales representatives. We are utilizing this expanded sales force to work closely with our key distributors to drive market penetration of our products in the U.S. POC market, with a particular focus on addressing acute care and integrated delivery network customers. General and Administrative Expense General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased from $25.8 million to $29.4 million primarily due to an increase in one-time fees for professional services and internal costs related to business development activities. General and administrative expenses also include the 2.3% MDET. In December 2015, legislation was passed to suspend the MDET for a period of two years. Amortization of Intangible Assets from Acquired Businesses and Technology Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses primarily consists of customer relationships, purchased technology and patents and trademarks acquired in connection with our acquisitions of DHI, BioHelix and AnDiaTec. Impairment Loss In 2014, we determined we would not be able to recover the carrying value of certain capitalized software, purchased in- process research and development and manufacturing line assets related to Project Stella (Bobcat). As a result, we recorded an impairment loss totaling $3.6 million in the third quarter of 2014. No such impairment occurred in 2015. See further discussion in Note 10 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense primarily relates to accrued interest for the coupon and accretion of the discount on our $172.5 million 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 ("Convertible Senior Notes") issued in December 2014 and interest paid on our lease obligation associated with our San Diego McKellar facility. The increase in interest expense of $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 was due to the interest expense related to the Convertible Senior Notes. There were no borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Income Taxes We recognized an income tax benefit of $3.2 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in the income tax benefit in 2015 was driven primarily by a lower pre-tax loss. Additionally, in 2014 we released tax reserves of approximately $1.0 million related to the expiration of the statute of limitations on assessment for certain state matters. We had no comparable release in 2015. Offsetting this impact, during 2014 the Company recorded a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of $2.3 million, and an incremental $0.8 million in 2015 which increased the total valuation allowance to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2015. 32 Comparison of years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 Total Revenues The following table compares total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except percentages): Infectious disease net product sales .................................... $ Women’s health net product sales....................................... Gastrointestinal disease net product sales ........................... Other net product sales........................................................ Royalty, license fees and grant revenue.............................. Total revenues ..................................................................... $ For the year ended December 31, Increase (decrease) 2014 130,416 34,332 $ 2013 128,079 33,328 $ 7,414 4,315 7,681 6,622 5,379 3,917 184,158 $ 177,325 $ $ % 2,337 1,004 792 (1,064) 3,764 6,833 2 % 3 % 12 % (20)% 96 % 4 % For the year ended December 31, 2014, total revenue increased 4% to $184.2 million from $177.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in total revenues was primarily due to an increase in sales of Influenza, Strep A, and RSV products driven by gains made on the Sofia platform. Gains in the women's health segment were driven by increased sales of our Thyretain product for diagnosis of Grave's Disease. Gains in the gastrointestinal disease segment were driven primarily by increased adoption of the AmpliVue C. difficile assay. The revenue from our royalty, license fees and grant revenue category for the 2014 and 2013 periods relates to grant revenues associated with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant agreement and research and development activities for our Savanna HIV viral load assay and system in development as well as royalty payments earned on our patented technologies utilized by third parties. Cost of Sales Cost of sales increased to 40% of total revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 38% of total revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2013. The absolute dollar increase in cost of sales of $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from the year ended December 31, 2013 is primarily related to the variable nature of direct costs (material and labor) associated with the 4% increase in total revenues in 2014 combined with the increased cost of depreciation on a larger installed base of Sofia instruments in 2014 and higher excess and obsolete inventory expense. The increase in cost of sales as a percentage of total revenue is driven by the same factors, as well as, product mix. Operating Expenses The following table compares operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except percentages): For the year ended December 31, 2014 2013 Operating expenses As a % of total revenues Operating expenses As a % of total revenues Research and development ......................... $ Sales and marketing.................................... $ General and administrative ......................... $ Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses and technology ........... $ Impairment loss .......................................... $ Facility restructuring charge ....................... $ 37,913 43,076 25,811 8,828 3,558 — 21% $ 23% $ 14% $ 34,186 35,744 25,581 5% $ 2% $ 8,171 — —% $ 1,825 19% $ 20% $ 14% $ 5% $ —% $ 1% $ Increase (decrease) $ 3,727 7,332 230 657 3,558 (1,825) % 11% 21% 1% 8% N/A N/A Research and Development Expense Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased from $34.2 million to $37.9 million primarily due to a $4.9 million increase in spend on our molecular platforms. Also contributing to the increase was a reduction in reimbursement for research and development costs associated with a third-party collaboration agreement of $1.0 million in 33 2014 as more fully described in Note 1 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. This is partially offset by reductions in spend for other areas of development. Research and development expenses include direct external costs such as fees paid to consultants, and internal direct and indirect costs such as compensation and other expenses for research and development personnel, supplies and materials, clinical trials and studies, facility costs and depreciation. Due to the risks inherent in the product development process and given the early-stage of development of certain projects, we are unable to estimate with meaningful certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of our product candidates for commercialization. We expect our research and development costs to be substantial as we move other product candidates into preclinical and clinical trials and advance our existing product candidates into later stages of development. Sales and Marketing Expense Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased from $35.7 million to $43.1 million driven primarily by additional investment in our sales organization through expansion and training of a larger sales force in 2014 relative to 2013. General and Administrative Expense General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 increased slightly from $25.6 million to $25.8 million. General and administrative expenses include the 2.3% MDET, personnel costs, business development activities, and other general expenses. Amortization of Intangible Assets from Acquired Businesses and Technology Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses primarily consists of customer relationships, purchased technology and patents and trademarks acquired in connection with our acquisitions of DHI, BioHelix and AnDiaTec. Impairment Loss In 2014, we determined we would not be able to recover the carrying value of certain capitalized software, purchased in- process research and development and manufacturing line assets related to Project Stella (Bobcat). As a result, we recorded an impairment loss totaling $3.6 million in the third quarter of 2014. No such impairment occurred in 2013. See further discussion in Note 10 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Facility Restructuring Charge In 2013, we relocated our Santa Clara, California manufacturing operations to our facility in Athens, Ohio. In connection with the relocation, restructuring expense amounted to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, which included employee termination benefits and impairment charges related to the facility lease. We had no restructuring expenses for the year ended December 31, 2014. Interest Expense, Net Interest expense primarily relates to interest paid on borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, interest paid on our lease obligation associated with our San Diego McKellar facility, and accrued interest for the coupon and accretion of the discount on our $172.5 million 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 ("Convertible Senior Notes") issued in December 2014. The increase in interest expense of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 was due to the interest expense related to the Convertible Senior Notes that were outstanding for one month in 2014. There were no borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2014. Income Taxes We recognized an income tax benefit of $3.9 million and income tax benefit of $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. During 2014, the Company recorded a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets of $2.3 million, which was offset by the federal and state research and development credits of $0.8 million and release of tax reserves and related interest of approximately $1.0 million related to the expiration of the statute of limitations on assessment for certain state matters. During 2013, we were notified by the Internal Revenue Service that the Congressional Joint 34 Committee of Taxation had completed its review of and proposed no changes to our tax returns filed for the tax periods 2008 through 2010. As a result, we released tax reserves and related interest of approximately $3.5 million in 2013. On January 3, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law reinstating the federal research and development credit for the 2012 and 2013 years. Accordingly, we recorded the benefit related to the 2012 federal research and development credit of approximately $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of the following (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents ........................................................................................... $ Restricted cash ............................................................................................................. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash ................................................................. $ Working capital including cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash........................ $ Amount available to borrow under the Senior Credit Facility..................................... $ December 31, 2015 2014 191,471 63 191,534 209,834 126,068 $ $ $ $ 200,895 3,127 204,022 238,096 95,700 As of December 31, 2015, we had $191.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, a $9.4 million decrease from the prior year. Our cash requirements fluctuate as a result of numerous factors, such as the extent to which we generate cash from operations, progress in research and development projects, competition and technological developments and the time and expenditures required to obtain governmental approval of our products. In addition, we intend to continue to evaluate candidates for new product line, company or technology acquisitions or technology licensing. If we decide to proceed with any such transactions, we may need to incur additional debt, or issue additional equity, to successfully complete the transactions. In 2015, our primary source of liquidity, other than our holdings of cash and cash equivalents, has been cash flows from operations. Our ability to generate cash from operations provides us with the financial flexibility we need to meet operating, investing, and financing needs. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, together with cash provided by operating activities will be sufficient to fund our near term capital and operating needs for at least the next 12 months. Operating needs include the planned costs to operate our business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. Our primary short-term needs for capital, which are subject to change, include expenditures related to: • • • • • • support of commercialization efforts related to our current and future products, including expansion of our direct sales force and field support resources both in the United States and abroad; acquisitions of equipment and other fixed assets for use in our current and future manufacturing and research and development facilities; repurchases of our outstanding common stock; the continued advancement of research and development efforts; potential strategic acquisitions and investments; and repayments of our lease obligation. In December 2014, we issued Convertible Senior Notes in the aggregate principle amount of $172.5 million. The Convertible Senior Notes have a coupon rate of 3.25% and are due 2020. The Convertible Senior Notes were not convertible as of December 31, 2015. For detailed information of the terms of the Convertible Senior Notes, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report under the heading “3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020,” which is incorporated by reference herein. On August 10, 2012, we entered into an amended and restated $140.0 million Senior Credit Facility that matures on August 10, 2017. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all financial covenants. For detailed information of the terms of the Senior Credit Facility see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report under the heading “Line of Credit,” which is incorporated by reference herein. As of December 31, 2015, we have $5.5 million in fair value of contingent considerations associated with prior acquisitions to be settled in future periods. 35 In January 2016, our board of directors authorized an amendment to replenish the amount available up to an aggregate of $50.0 million in shares of common stock or Senior Convertible Notes under our share repurchase program. During 2015, we used $30.4 million to repurchase our outstanding shares under the share repurchase program. We received $2.4 million and $10.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, pursuant to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant agreement, which was restricted as to use until expenditures contemplated in the grant were incurred or committed. We recorded this restricted cash as a current asset as we anticipate making expenditures under the grant within one year. As of December 31, 2015, restricted cash was $0.1 million. We expect our revenue and the resulting operating income, as well as the status of each of our new product development programs, will significantly impact our cash management decisions. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including: • • • • our ability to successfully commercialize and further develop our technologies and create innovative products in our markets; scientific progress in our research and development programs and the magnitude of those programs; competing technological and market developments; and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire other companies or technologies to enhance or complement our product and service offerings. Cash Flow Summary Net cash provided by operating activities ............................................. $ Net cash used for investing activities .................................................... Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities............................. Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ............................................... Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ........................... $ Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 36,309 (17,032) (28,684) (17) (9,424) $ $ 35,686 (11,241) 168,060 2 192,507 $ 25,682 (33,935) 1,790 (5) (6,468) Cash provided by operating activities was $36.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company had a net loss of $6.1 million, including non-cash charges of $23.4 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets and property and equipment, stock-based compensation of $7.4 million and amortization of debt discount and deferred issuance costs of $5.7 million. The most significant change in operating assets and liabilities included a decrease in accounts receivable of $16.1 million due to increased collection efforts and a $3.1 million decrease in restricted cash as grant terms were met under the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant agreement. This was offset by a decrease of $3.1 million in payables as a result of decreased production in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the prior year. Cash provided by operating activities was $35.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. The Company had a net loss of $7.1 million, including non-cash charges of $28.4 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets and property and equipment, impairment loss of $3.6 million and stock-based compensation of $6.7 million. The most significant change in operating assets and liabilities in 2014 included an increase in accounts receivable of $4.5 million related to an early start to a robust cold and flu season in the fourth quarter of 2014. This increase was favorably offset by extended payables terms, resulting in an increase of $4.4 million and reduced inventories of $2.9 million. Cash provided by operating activities was $25.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company had net income of $7.4 million, including non-cash charges of $24.9 million of depreciation and amortization of intangible assets and property and equipment, and stock-based compensation of $8.8 million. The most significant changes in operating assets and liabilities in 2013 included was an increase in inventories of $12.0 million due to planned increases related to our molecular products, our SPG facility relocation and the seasonal nature of our influenza business. Our investing activities used $17.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily related to the acquisition of production equipment and Sofia instruments available for lease. Our investing activities used $11.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily related to the acquisition of production equipment, building improvements, and Sofia instruments available for lease. Our investing activities used $9.2 million and $2.3 million of net cash during the year ended December 31, 2013 for the acquisitions of BioHelix and AnDiaTec, respectively. 36 We are currently planning approximately $18.0 million in capital expenditures over the next 12 months. The primary purpose for our capital expenditures is to acquire manufacturing and scientific equipment, to purchase or develop information technology, and to implement facility improvements. We plan to fund these capital expenditures with cash flow from operations and other available sources of liquidity. We have $4.0 million in firm purchase commitments with respect to such planned capital expenditures as of December 31, 2015. Cash used by financing activities was $28.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 and was driven primarily by $30.4 million of repurchases of common stock under our share repurchase program and $0.5 million of repurchases in connection with payment of minimum tax withholding obligations for certain employees relating to the lapse of restrictions on certain restricted stock units. Our financing activities provided $168.1 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily due to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes resulting in total proceeds of $172.5 million. Our financing activities provided $1.8 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2013 primarily related to proceeds from the issuance of common stock through exercise of options of $7.9 million, partially offset by repayments under our Senior Credit Facility of $5.0 million. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partners, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships. Contractual Obligations As of December 31, 2015, our future contractual obligations were as follows (in thousands): Convertible Senior Notes (1)............................ $ Lease obligation (2).......................................... Operating lease obligations (3) ........................ Non-cancellable purchase commitments (4) .... Total contractual obligations ............................ $ Payment due by period Less than 1 year 1-3 Years $ 5,606 $ 11,212 $ 3-5 Years 183,603 $ 922 2,383 3,465 1,871 3,529 278 1,909 3,353 278 Total 200,421 5,781 11,236 4,021 221,459 $ 12,376 $ 16,890 $ 189,143 $ More than 5 years — 1,079 1,971 — 3,050 (1) Includes the principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due in December 2020, as well as interest payments to be made semi-annually. (2) Reflects our lease obligation on the approximately 78,000 square-foot San Diego facility in place as of December 31, 2015. The facility is subject to a financing arrangement with payments through December 2020. Our future obligation under this financing arrangement is included in the table above. (3) Reflects obligations on facilities and equipment under operating leases in place as of December 31, 2015. In October of 2013, we entered into a lease for approximately 30,000 square feet of office space in San Diego. The lease expires in 2022 with options to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we exercised our renewal option for the Athens, Ohio location. The amended lease expires in 2017 with two options to extend the lease for additional five-year periods through 2027. Future minimum lease payments are included in the table above. (4) Reflects our $4.0 million of non-cancellable commitments to purchase property, plant and equipment and inventory under contractual arrangements. We have entered into various licensing agreements, which largely require payments based on specified product sales as well as the achievement of specific milestones. Royalty and license expenses under these various royalty and licensing agreements collectively totaled $1.1 million, $8.9 million and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively including $0.7 million, $8.0 million and $8.0 million in amortization expense for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We exclude liabilities pertaining to uncertain tax positions from our table of contractual obligations as we cannot make a reliable estimate of the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities, nor the amount of the final cash settlement. As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $1.1 million of liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions. 37 See Note 3 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for further discussion of uncertain tax positions. The table also excludes $5.5 million in potential contingent consideration payments related to achievement of certain revenue targets under acquisition agreements. In addition to revenue targets under the AnDiaTec acquisition agreement, there are also contingent payments remaining of up to $0.9 million as of December 31, 2015 upon achievement of certain research and development milestones. We have not included amounts in the table because we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate regarding whether the milestones required for these payments will be achieved. See Note 6 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for further discussion of our contingent consideration. Recent Accounting Standards For summary of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to our consolidated financial statements see “Company Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, which is incorporated herein by reference. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to customer programs and incentives, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, income taxes, stock-based compensation, restructuring and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements: Revenue Recognition The Company records revenues primarily from product sales. These revenues are recorded net of rebates and other discounts that are estimated at the time of sale, and are largely driven by various customer program offerings, including special pricing agreements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. Revenue from product sales are recorded upon passage of title and risk of loss to the customer. Change in title to the product and recognition of revenue occurs upon delivery to the customer when sales terms are free on board (“FOB”) destination and at the time of shipment when the sales terms are FOB shipping point and there is no right of return. A portion of product sales include revenues for diagnostic kits, which are utilized on leased instrument systems under the Company’s “reagent rental” program. The reagent rental program provides customers the right to use the instruments at no separate cost to the customer in consideration for a multi-year agreement to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables (“reagents” or “diagnostic kits”). When an instrument is placed with a customer under a reagent rental agreement, the Company retains title to the equipment and it remains capitalized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as property and equipment. The instrument is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the instrument. Depreciation expense is recorded in cost of sales included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The reagent rental agreements represent one unit of accounting as the instrument and consumables (reagents) are interdependent in producing a diagnostic result and neither has a stand-alone value with respect to these agreements. No revenue is recognized at the time of instrument placement. All revenue is recognized when the title and risk of loss for the diagnostic kits have passed to the customer. Royalty income from the grant of license rights is recognized during the period in which the revenue is earned and the amount is determinable from the licensee. The Company also earns income from the licensing of technology. The Company earns income from grants for research and commercialization activities. On November 6, 2012, the Company was awarded a milestone-based grant totaling up to $8.3 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop, manufacture and validate a quantitative, low-cost, nucleic acid assay for HIV drug treatment monitoring on the integrated Savanna MDx platform for use in limited resource settings. Upon execution of the grant agreement, the Company received $2.6 million to fund subsequent research and development activities and received milestone payments totaling $2.5 million in 2013. On September 10, 2014, the Company entered into an amended grant agreement with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for additional funding of up to $12.6 million in order to accelerate the development of the Savanna MDx 38 platform in the developing world. Upon execution of the amended grant agreement, the Company received $10.6 million in cash. The Company received a payment of $2.4 million in April 2015 based on milestone achievements for both the original and the amended grant agreements and expects to receive the remaining milestone payments of up to $2.8 million in 2016. Under the original and amended grant agreements, the Company recognizes grant revenue on the basis of the lesser of the amount recognized on a proportional performance basis or the amount of cash payments that are non-refundable as of the end of each reporting period. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $5.1 million, $6.3 million and $2.6 million as grant revenue, respectively. Cash payments received are restricted as to use until expenditures contemplated in the grant are incurred or committed. Therefore, the Company classified $0.1 million and $3.1 million of funds received from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as restricted cash as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, the Company classified $3.7 million and $6.3 million as deferred grant revenue as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation Compensation expense related to stock options granted is recognized ratably over the service vesting period for the entire option. The total number of stock options expected to vest is adjusted by estimated forfeiture rates. We determine the estimated fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Compensation expense for time-based restricted units are measured at the grant date and recognized ratably over the vesting period. We determine the fair value of time-based and performance-based restricted stock based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date. A portion of the restricted stock granted in 2012 and 2011 was performance-based and vesting was tied to achievement of specific Company goals in 2014 and 2013, respectively. For purposes of measuring compensation expense, the amount of shares ultimately expected to vest is estimated at each reporting date based on management’s expectations regarding the relevant performance criteria. The recognition of compensation expense associated with performance-based restricted stock requires judgment in assessing the probability of meeting the performance goals, as well as defined criteria for assessing achievement of the performance-related goals. The grant date of the performance-based restricted stock takes place when the grant is authorized and the specific achievement goals are communicated. The communication date of the performance goals can impact the valuation and associated expense of the restricted stock. The computation of the expected option life is based on a weighted-average calculation combining the average life of options that have already been exercised and post-vest cancellations with the estimated life of the remaining vested and unexercised options. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S Treasury yield curve over the expected term of the option. Historically, we have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we use an expected dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on our historical experience and future expectations. Reserve for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts, the aging of accounts receivable, our history of bad debts, and the general condition of the industry. If a major customer’s credit worthiness deteriorates, or our customers’ actual defaults exceed our historical experience, our estimates could change and adversely impact our reported results. Inventory Our policy is to value inventories at the lower of cost or market on a part-by-part basis. This policy requires us to make estimates regarding the market value of our inventories, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventories. We determine excess and obsolete inventories based on an estimate of the future demand for our products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months. The estimates we use for demand are also used for near-term capacity planning and inventory purchasing and are consistent with our revenue forecasts. If our actual demand is less than our forecast demand, we may be required to take additional excess inventory charges, which would decrease gross margin and adversely impact net operating results in the future. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The effective life and related amortization of intangible assets with definite lives will be based on the higher of the percentage of usage or the straight-line method. Useful lives are based on the expected number of years the asset will generate revenue or otherwise be used by us. Goodwill and in-process research and development that have indefinite lives are not 39 amortized but instead are tested at least annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Examples of such events or circumstances include: • • • • • the asset’s ability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods; any volatility or significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization compared to our net book value; loss of legal ownership or title to an asset; significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of our assets; and the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends. If a change were to occur in any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase. For goodwill and in-process research and development, a two-step test is used to identify the potential impairment and to measure the amount of impairment, if any. The first step is to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with the carrying amount, including goodwill and in-process research and development. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill and in-process research and development are considered not impaired; otherwise, goodwill and in-process research and development are impaired and the loss is measured by performing step two. Under step two, the impairment loss is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit with the carrying amount of goodwill and in-process research and development. We are required to perform periodic evaluations for impairment of goodwill balances. We completed our annual evaluation for impairment of goodwill and in-process research and development as of December 31, 2015 and determined that no impairment existed. Determining the initial fair values and useful lives of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the Alere Amendment described in Note 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report required the exercise of judgment. While there are a number of different generally accepted valuation methods to estimate the value of intangible assets, we used the discounted cash flow method in determining the value of licensed technology associated with the Alere Amendment. This method required significant management judgment to forecast the future operating results used in the analysis. In addition, other significant estimates were required such as residual growth rates and discount factors. The estimates we used to value and amortize intangible assets were consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business and were based on available historical information and industry estimates and averages. These judgments can significantly affect our net operating results. Business Combinations The cost of an acquired business is assigned to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of the estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. We assess fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, using a variety of methods including, but not limited to, an income approach and a market approach such as the estimation of future cash flows of acquired business and current selling prices of similar assets. Fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including intangible assets, in-process research and development (IPR&D), and contingent payments, are measured based on the assumptions and estimations with regards to the variable factors such as the amount and timing of future cash flows for the asset or liability being measured, appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates, nonperformance risk, or other factors that market participants would consider. Upon acquisition, we determine the estimated economic lives of the acquired intangible assets for amortization purposes, which are based on the underlying expected cash flows of such assets. When applicable, adjustments to inventory and property, plant and equipment are based on the fair market value of inventory and amortized into income based on the period in which the underlying inventory is sold. Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that is not individually identified and separately recognized. Actual results may vary from projected results and assumptions used in the fair value assessments. Software Development Costs Software development costs associated with software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. After technological feasibility is established, software development costs are capitalized. The capitalized cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated product life or on the ratio of current revenues to total projected product revenues, whichever is greater. 40 Income Taxes Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning opportunities. In 2014 and 2015, we evaluated our gross deferred tax assets, including an assessment of cumulative income or loss over the prior three-year period and future periods, to determine if a valuation allowance was required. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative before-tax loss incurred over the three-year periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as our projections for future profitability. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2014, we recorded a valuation allowance of $2.3 million and increased the valuation allowance by $0.8 million to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2015. This valuation allowance represents the portion of the deferred tax asset that management could no longer conclude was more likely or not to be realized. We will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by evaluating both positive and negative evidence that may exist. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained during an audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While we believe that we have appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns, we regularly assess the potential outcome of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. See Note 3 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for more information on income taxes. We recognize excess tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options directly to stockholders’ equity only when realized. Accordingly, deferred tax assets are not recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards resulting from excess tax benefits. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, deferred tax assets do not include $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of these excess tax benefits from employee stock option exercises that are a component of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Additional paid-in capital would be increased up to $1.3 million if such excess tax benefits are realized. Convertible Debt We account for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including combination settlement of cash equal to the “principal portion” and delivery of the “share amount” in excess of the conversion value over the principal portion in shares of common stock and/or cash) by separating the liability and equity components of the instruments in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. We determine the carrying amount of the liability component by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have the conversion feature. If no similar debt instrument exists, we estimate fair value by using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing a debt instrument, including market interest rates, credit standing, yield curves and volatilities. Determining the fair value of the debt component requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are judgmental in nature and could have a significant impact on the determination of the debt component, and the associated non-cash interest expense. In December 2014, we issued $172.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020. We assigned a value to the debt component of our Convertible Senior Notes equal to the estimated fair value of similar debt instruments without the conversion feature, which resulted in us recording the debt at a discount. We are amortizing the debt discount over the life of the Convertible Senior Notes as additional non-cash interest expense utilizing the effective interest method. For additional information, see Note 2 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. 41 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Interest Rate Risk We had no borrowings outstanding under our Senior Credit Facility at December 31, 2015. If we had borrowings under our Senior Credit Facility the interest rate would have been 1.61% as of December 31, 2015. A hypothetical 100 basis point adverse move in interest rates along the entire interest rate yield curve would not increase our annual interest expense as there are no borrowings. We are not subject to interest rate risk on our Convertible Senior Notes as the Notes have a fixed rate of 3.25%. For fixed rate debt, changes in interest rates will generally affect the fair value of the debt instrument, but not our earnings or cash flows. Under our current policies, we do not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. Our current investment policy with respect to our cash and cash equivalents focuses on maintaining acceptable levels of interest rate risk and liquidity. Although we continually evaluate our placement of investments, as of December 31, 2015, our cash and cash equivalents were placed in certificates of deposit, money market or overnight funds that we believe are highly liquid and not subject to material market fluctuation risk. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk The majority of our international sales are negotiated for and paid in U.S. dollars. Nonetheless, these sales are subject to currency risks, since changes in the values of foreign currencies relative to the value of the U.S. dollar can render our products comparatively more expensive. These exchange rate fluctuations could negatively impact international sales of our products, as could changes in the general economic conditions in those markets. Continued change in the values of the Euro, the Japanese Yen and other foreign currencies could have an impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not currently hedge against exchange rate fluctuations, which means that we are fully exposed to exchange rate changes. In addition, we have a supply agreement with a foreign vendor whereby we evenly share the foreign currency exchange fluctuation risk. We may, in the future, enter into similar such arrangements. 42 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Table of Contents Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Schedule II Consolidated Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 73 43 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Quidel Corporation We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Quidel Corporation as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Quidel Corporation at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Quidel Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 22, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP San Diego, California February 22, 2016 44 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except par value) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents ....................................................................................... $ Accounts receivable, net .......................................................................................... Inventories................................................................................................................ Deferred tax asset—current ..................................................................................... Restricted cash ......................................................................................................... Prepaid expenses and other current assets ............................................................... Total current assets ........................................................................................... Property, plant and equipment, net.................................................................................. Goodwill.......................................................................................................................... Intangible assets, net ....................................................................................................... Other non-current assets.................................................................................................. Total assets ...................................................................................................................... $ LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable ..................................................................................................... $ Accrued payroll and related expenses...................................................................... Current portion of lease obligation .......................................................................... Current portion of contingent consideration ............................................................ Deferred grant revenue ............................................................................................ Other current liabilities ............................................................................................ Total current liabilities...................................................................................... Long-term debt................................................................................................................ Lease obligation, net of current portion .......................................................................... Contingent consideration—non-current.......................................................................... Deferred tax liability—non-current................................................................................. Income taxes payable ...................................................................................................... Deferred rent ................................................................................................................... Other non-current liabilities ............................................................................................ Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $.001 par value per share; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 ...................................................... Common stock, $.001 par value per share; 97,500 shares authorized; 33,323 and 34,433 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively .............................................................................................................. Additional paid-in capital ........................................................................................ Accumulated other comprehensive loss................................................................... Retained earnings..................................................................................................... Total stockholders’ equity................................................................................. Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity......................................................................... $ See accompanying notes. 45 December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ $ 191,471 18,398 26,388 — 63 4,344 240,664 52,547 80,730 31,833 731 406,505 8,675 9,627 585 1,286 3,658 6,999 30,830 143,297 4,032 4,230 1,970 910 2,296 264 200,895 34,466 24,763 8,316 3,127 2,914 274,481 49,226 80,748 41,890 1,066 447,411 12,421 8,349 509 733 6,330 8,043 36,385 137,958 4,617 5,023 14,890 806 2,228 493 — — 33 209,121 (31) 9,553 218,676 406,505 $ 34 229,374 (29) 15,632 245,011 447,411 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share data) Total revenues......................................................................................... $ Costs and expenses Cost of sales (excludes amortization of intangible assets of $6,341, $6,283, and $6,079, respectively) ...................................... Research and development.............................................................. Sales and marketing ........................................................................ General and administrative ............................................................. Amortization of intangible assets from acquired businesses and technology ....................................................................................... Impairment loss............................................................................... Facility restructuring charge ........................................................... Total costs and expenses.......................................................... Operating income (loss) ......................................................................... Interest expense, net ............................................................................... (Loss) income before benefit for income taxes ...................................... Benefit for income taxes ........................................................................ Net (loss) income ................................................................................... $ Basic (loss) earnings per share ............................................................... $ Diluted (loss) earnings per share ............................................................ $ Shares used in basic per share calculations ............................................ Shares used in diluted per share calculations ......................................... See accompanying notes. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 196,129 $ 184,158 $ 177,325 71,688 35,514 47,886 29,447 8,856 — — 193,391 2,738 (12,035) (9,297) (3,218) (6,079) $ (0.18) $ (0.18) $ 34,104 34,104 74,180 37,913 43,076 25,811 8,828 3,558 — 193,366 (9,208) (1,775) (10,983) (3,909) (7,074) $ (0.21) $ (0.21) $ 34,451 34,451 66,976 34,186 35,744 25,581 8,171 — 1,825 172,483 4,842 (1,408) 3,434 (3,956) 7,390 0.22 0.21 33,836 34,947 46 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (in thousands) Net (loss) income ....................................................................................... $ Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (6,079) $ (7,074) $ 7,390 Changes in cumulative translation adjustment ................................... Comprehensive (loss) income.................................................................... $ (2) (6,081) $ (47) (7,121) $ 18 7,408 See accompanying notes. 47 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands) Common Stock Balance at January 1, 2013 ............................. Issuance of common stock under equity compensation plans ......................................... Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation .................................................. Stock-based compensation expense ................ Repurchases of common stock........................ Changes in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax ...................................... Net Income ...................................................... Balance at December 31, 2013 ....................... Issuance of common stock under equity compensation plans ......................................... Convertible senior notes, equity portion, net of tax and issuance costs ................................. Tax impact from the issuance of convertible senior notes ..................................................... Stock-based compensation expense ................ Repurchases of common stock........................ Changes in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax ...................................... Net Loss .......................................................... Shares 33,451 $ Par 708 — — (86) — — 34,073 428 — — — (68) — — Balance at December 31, 2014 ....................... 34,433 Issuance of common stock under equity compensation plans ......................................... Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation .................................................. Stock-based compensation expense ................ Repurchases of common stock........................ Changes in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax ...................................... Net Loss .......................................................... 308 — — (1,418) — — Balance at December 31, 2015 ....................... 33,323 33 1 — — — — — 34 — — — — — — — 34 — — — (1) — — 33 Additional paid-in capital $ 184,431 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ — $ Retained earnings 15,316 Total stockholders’ equity $ 199,780 8,384 2,346 8,017 (2,157) — — 201,021 5,471 29,758 (11,362) 6,442 (1,956) — — 229,374 3,318 571 6,791 (30,933) — — 209,121 — — — — — 7,390 22,706 — — — — — — (7,074) 15,632 — — — — — (6,079) 9,553 8,385 2,346 8,017 (2,157) 18 7,390 223,779 5,471 29,758 (11,362) 6,442 (1,956) (47) (7,074) 245,011 3,318 571 6,791 (30,934) (2) (6,079) 218,676 — — — 18 — 18 — — — — — (47) — (29) — — — — (2) — (31) See accompanying notes. 48 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net loss (income) .................................................................................... $ Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, amortization and other............................................... Stock-based compensation expense................................................. Impairment loss................................................................................ Amortization of debt discount and deferred issuance costs............. Change in fair value of acquisition contingencies ........................... Change in deferred tax assets and liabilities .................................... Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation......................... Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable.................................................................. Inventories ................................................................................ Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets...... Restricted cash .......................................................................... Accounts payable...................................................................... Accrued payroll and related expenses ...................................... Income taxes payable................................................................ Deferred grant revenue ............................................................. Other current and non-current liabilities................................... Net cash provided by operating activities........................................ INVESTING ACTIVITIES Acquisitions of property and equipment.......................................... Acquisition of BioHelix, net of cash acquired................................. Acquisition of AnDiaTec................................................................. Acquisition of intangibles ................................................................ Net cash used for investing activities............................................... FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Senior Notes...................... Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of cancellations...... Payments of debt issuance costs ...................................................... Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation......................... Payments on lease obligation........................................................... Repurchases of common stock......................................................... Payments on line of credit................................................................ Payments on acquisition contingencies ........................................... Payment for acquisition holdback.................................................... Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities ....................... Effect of exchange rate changes on cash................................................. Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ............................. Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period ..................................... Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period ........................................... $ Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 (6,079) $ (7,074) $ 7,390 23,386 7,419 — 5,664 (88) (4,027) (571) 16,060 (1,637) (1,039) 3,064 (3,082) 1,061 (64) (2,672) (1,086) 36,309 (16,968) — — (64) (17,032) — 2,911 (365) 571 (509) (30,934) — (129) (229) (28,684) (17) (9,424) 200,895 191,471 $ 28,365 6,724 3,558 629 (910) (2,744) — (4,547) 2,862 787 (2,158) 4,380 1,247 (1,036) 4,301 1,302 35,686 (11,149) — — (92) (11,241) 172,500 4,781 (4,712) — (441) (1,956) — (2,112) — 168,060 2 192,507 8,388 200,895 $ 24,896 8,771 — 337 80 (1,928) (2,346) 2,911 (11,975) (388) 1,187 (651) 1,055 (3,523) (127) (7) 25,682 (20,821) (9,184) (2,250) (1,680) (33,935) — 7,928 — 2,346 (380) (2,157) (5,000) (947) — 1,790 (5) (6,468) 14,856 8,388 See accompanying notes. 49 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid during the period for interest ................................................. $ Cash paid during the period for income taxes........................................ $ NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of capital equipment by incurring current liabilities............... $ Lease incentive for tenant improvements............................................... $ NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES Decrease of accrued payroll and related expenses upon issuance of common stock ........................................................................................ $ Debt issuance costs by incurring current liabilities................................ $ See accompanying notes. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 6,998 1,922 239 $ $ $ 981 327 900 $ $ $ — $ — $ 408 $ — $ 663 365 $ $ 1,807 2,211 172 1,658 456 — 50 QUIDEL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1. Company Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Quidel Corporation (the “Company”) commenced operations in 1979. The Company operates in one business segment, which develops, manufactures and markets rapid diagnostic testing solutions. These diagnostic testing solutions primarily include applications in infectious diseases, women’s health and gastrointestinal diseases. The Company sells its products directly to end users and distributors, in each case, for professional use in physician offices, hospitals, clinical laboratories, reference laboratories, leading universities, retail clinics and wellness screening centers. The Company markets its products in the U.S. through a network of national and regional distributors, and a direct sales force. Internationally, the Company sells and markets through distributor arrangements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Company considers cash equivalents to be highly liquid investments with a maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less. Accounts Receivable—The Company sells its products directly to hospitals and reference laboratories in the U.S. as well as to distributors in the U.S. and internationally (see Note 7). The Company periodically assesses the financial strength of these customers and establishes reserves for anticipated losses when necessary, which historically have not been material. The Company’s reserves primarily consist of amounts related to cash discounts, volume discounts and contract rebates. The balance of accounts receivable is net of reserves of $7.5 million and $8.2 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk—Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consists principally of trade accounts receivable. The Company invests its cash equivalents primarily in money market funds. Cash equivalents are maintained with high quality institutions. The Company’s trade accounts receivable are primarily derived from sales to medical distributors, hospitals and reference laboratories in the U.S. (see Note 7). The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary, but generally requires no collateral. Credit quality is monitored by evaluation of collection history. The Company believes that the concentration of credit risk in its trade accounts receivables is moderated by its credit evaluation process, relatively short collection terms, the high level of credit worthiness of its customers, and letters of credit issued on the Company’s behalf. Potential credit losses are limited to the gross value of accounts receivable. Inventories—Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. The Company reviews the components of its inventory on a quarterly basis for excess, obsolete and impaired inventory and makes appropriate dispositions as obsolete stock is identified. Inventories consisted of the following, net of reserves of $0.7 million and $2.2 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively (in thousands): Raw materials................................................................................................................ $ Work-in-process (materials, labor and overhead)......................................................... Finished goods (materials, labor and overhead) ........................................................... Total inventories............................................................................................................ $ December 31, 2015 2014 10,289 $ 7,441 8,658 26,388 $ 10,472 6,834 7,457 24,763 Property, Plant and Equipment—Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets (three to 15 years) using the straight-line method. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The total expense for depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of leasehold improvements was $12.7 million, $10.3 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Maintenance and minor repairs are charged to operations as incurred. 51 Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2015 2014 Equipment, furniture and fixtures ................................................................................ $ Building and improvements......................................................................................... Leased instruments....................................................................................................... Land ............................................................................................................................. Total property, plant and equipment, gross.................................................................. Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ....................................................... Total property, plant and equipment, net...................................................................... $ 59,736 33,048 18,280 1,080 112,144 (59,597) 52,547 $ $ 64,233 32,074 12,395 1,080 109,782 (60,556) 49,226 Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Intangible assets are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, except for software development costs and indefinite-lived intangibles such as goodwill and in-process research and development. Software development costs associated with software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. After technological feasibility is established, software development costs are capitalized. The capitalized cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated product life or on the ratio of current revenues to total projected product revenues, whichever is greater. Amortization expense related to the capitalized software costs was $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Goodwill and intangible assets consisted of the following (dollar amounts in thousands): December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Weighted- average useful life (years) Description Goodwill........................................... Indefinite $ Purchased technology....................... 8.4 Customer relationships..................... 7.6 In-process research and development ..................................... Indefinite License agreements .......................... 10.6 Patent and trademark costs ............... Software development costs............. Total goodwill and intangible assets 12.3 5 Accumulated amortization Gross assets 84,179 $ Accumulated amortization Gross assets 84,197 $ (3,449) $ (34,911) (4,972) — (2,542) (2,588) (1,840) $ Net 80,730 17,649 2,199 — 2,970 7,942 1,073 51,870 7,214 690 34,324 10,530 2,849 (3,449) $ (28,570) (3,978) — (30,050) (1,725) (1,264) Net 80,748 23,300 3,236 690 4,274 8,805 1,585 52,560 7,171 — 5,512 10,530 2,913 $ 162,865 $ (50,302) $ 112,563 $ 191,674 $ (69,036) $ 122,638 Amortization expense was $10.2 million, $17.4 million and $16.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Included in this amortization expense amount for 2015, 2014 and 2013 is $0.7 million, $8.0 million, and $8.0 million, respectively, of amortization for licensed technology recorded in cost of sales. This amount is related to the purchase of a license pursuant to the Alere Amendment as discussed in Note 6. The intangible asset associated with this intangible was fully amortized in the first quarter of 2015. 52 The expected future annual amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets is as follows (in thousands): For the years ending December 31, 2016 ..................................................................................................................................... 2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 2018 ..................................................................................................................................... 2019 ..................................................................................................................................... 2020 ..................................................................................................................................... Thereafter ............................................................................................................................ Total..................................................................................................................................... $ $ Amortization expense 9,288 9,000 3,430 2,175 1,796 6,144 31,833 The Company recorded a $1.6 million impairment loss related to a discontinued research and development named Project Stella (Bobcat) during the third quarter of 2014. See further discussion in Note 10. The Company completed its annual evaluation for impairment of goodwill and determined that no impairment of goodwill existed as of December 31, 2015. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets—The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the total book value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and the eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. An impairment loss is equal to the excess of the book value of an asset over its determined fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded a $1.5 million impairment loss on software development costs related to Project Stella. See further discussion in Note 10. The Company recorded no impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2013. Other current liabilities—Other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): Customer incentives....................................................................................................... $ Accrued research and development costs ...................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................................. Total other current liabilities.......................................................................................... $ December 31, 2015 2014 4,030 $ 773 2,196 6,999 $ 4,729 990 2,324 8,043 Convertible Debt—The Company accounts for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including combination settlement of cash equal to the “principal portion” and delivery of the “share amount” in excess of the conversion value over the principal portion in shares of common stock and/or cash) by separating the liability and equity components of the instruments in a manner that reflects our nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The Company determines the carrying amount of the liability component by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have the conversion feature. If no similar debt instrument exists, the Company estimates fair value by using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing a debt instrument, including market interest rates, credit standing, yield curves and volatilities. Determining the fair value of the debt component requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are judgmental in nature and could have a significant impact on the determination of the debt component, and the associated non-cash interest expense. See Note 2 for additional discussion of the Convertible Senior Notes issued in December 2014. Revenue Recognition—The Company records revenues primarily from product sales. These revenues are recorded net of rebates and other discounts that are estimated at the time of sale, and are largely driven by various customer program offerings, including special pricing agreements, promotions and other volume-based incentives. Revenue from product sales are recorded upon passage of title and risk of loss to the customer. Passage of title to the product and recognition of revenue occurs upon delivery to the customer when sales terms are free on board (“FOB”) destination and at the time of shipment when the sales terms are FOB shipping point and there is no right of return. A portion of product sales includes revenues for diagnostic kits, which are utilized on leased instrument systems under the Company’s “reagent rental” program. The reagent rental program provides customers the right to use the instruments at no separate cost to the customer in consideration for a multi-year agreement to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables 53 (“reagents” or “diagnostic kits”). When an instrument is placed with a customer under a reagent rental agreement, the Company retains title to the equipment and it remains capitalized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as property and equipment. The instrument is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the instrument. Depreciation expense is recorded in cost of sales included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The reagent rental agreements represent one unit of accounting as the instrument and consumables (reagents) are interdependent in producing a diagnostic result and neither has a stand-alone value with respect to these agreements. No revenue is recognized at the time of instrument placement. All revenue is recognized when the title and risk of loss for the diagnostic kits have passed to the customer. Royalty income from the grant of license rights is recognized during the period in which the revenue is earned and the amount is determinable from the licensee. The Company also earns income from the licensing of technology. The Company earns income from grants for research and commercialization activities. On November 6, 2012, the Company was awarded a milestone-based grant totaling up to $8.3 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop, manufacture and validate a quantitative, low-cost, nucleic acid assay for HIV drug treatment monitoring on the integrated Savanna MDx platform for use in limited resource settings. Upon execution of the grant agreement, the Company received $2.6 million to fund subsequent research and development activities and received milestone payments totaling $2.5 million in 2013. On September 10, 2014, the Company entered into an amended grant agreement with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for additional funding of up to $12.6 million in order to accelerate the development of the Savanna MDx platform in the developing world. Upon execution of the amended grant agreement, the Company received $10.6 million in cash. The Company received a payment of $2.4 million in April 2015 based on milestone achievements for both the original and the amended grant agreements and expects to receive the remaining milestone payments of up to $2.8 million in 2016. Under the original and amended grant agreements, the Company recognizes grant revenue on the basis of the lesser of the amount recognized on a proportional performance basis or the amount of cash payments that are non-refundable as of the end of each reporting period. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized $5.1 million, $6.3 million and $2.6 million as grant revenue, respectively. Cash payments received are restricted as to use until expenditures contemplated in the grant are incurred or committed. Therefore, the Company classified $0.1 million and $3.1 million of funds received from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as restricted cash as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, the Company classified $3.7 million and $6.3 million as deferred grant revenue as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Research and Development Costs—Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. In conjunction with certain third party service agreements, the Company is required to make periodic payments based on achievement of certain milestones. The costs related to these research and development services are also charged to operations as incurred. Collaborative Arrangement— In July 2012, the Company entered into a collaborative arrangement with Life Technologies Corporation for the development of molecular assays. ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC Topic 808”), defines a collaborative arrangement as an arrangement where the parties are active participants and have exposure to significant risks. The Company accounted for the joint development and commercialization activities with the third-party as a joint risk sharing collaboration in accordance with ASC Topic 808. Payments to the Company from Life Technologies Corporation totaled $0.4 million in 2014 and $1.4 million in 2013. The Company received no payments in 2015 and does not expect additional payments as the development efforts are complete. The reimbursement represents 50% of project development costs based upon mutually agreed upon project plans for each molecular assay. In connection with the collaboration agreement, the Company also entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with the same third party. As part of that agreement, and upon commercialization, the Company will manufacture and sell assays to the third party at cost plus 20%. Additionally, the Company will receive 40% of the gross margin for sales from the third party to the end customer. In March 2013, the Company entered into a six year instrument supply agreement (the “March 2013 Agreement”) with Life Technologies Corporation. Pursuant to the March 2013 Agreement, the Company paid $0.8 million for distribution rights to sell Life Technologies Corporation’s QuantStudio™ DX diagnostic laboratory instrument for use in the infectious disease field, along with the assays developed under the collaborative agreement. The distribution rights are included in intangible assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of six years. Product Shipment Costs—Product shipment costs are included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs were $3.9 million, $3.8 million and $4.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Advertising Costs—Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 54 Deferred Rent—Rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The difference between rent expense and amounts paid under the lease agreement are recorded as deferred rent. Income Taxes—Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company’s policy is to recognize the interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. Fair Value of Financial Instruments— The Company uses the fair value hierarchy established in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, that requires the valuation of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements using a three tiered approach and fair value measurement be classified and disclosed by the Company in one of the following three categories: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity). The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. Product Warranty—The Company generally sells products with a limited product warranty and certain limited indemnifications. Due to product testing, the short time between product shipment and the detection and correction of product failures and a low historical rate of payments on indemnification claims, the historical activity and the related expense were not significant for the fiscal years presented. Stock-Based Compensation—Compensation expense related to stock options granted is recognized ratably over the service vesting period for the entire option. The total number of stock options expected to vest is adjusted by estimated forfeiture rates. The Company determined the estimated fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using the Black- Scholes option valuation model. Compensation expense for restricted stock units (RSUs) is measured at the grant date and recognized ratably over the vesting period. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Computation of (Loss) Earnings Per Share—For the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, basic loss per share was computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, including restricted stock units vested during the period. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if the earnings were divided by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares from outstanding stock options as well as unvested restricted stock units. Potential dilutive common shares were calculated using the treasury stock method and represent incremental shares issuable upon exercise of the Company’s outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no differences between the number of common shares used for the basic and diluted EPS computation because the Company incurred a net loss and the effect would be anti- dilutive. Stock options and shares of restricted stock that would have been included in the diluted EPS calculation if the Company had earnings amounted to 1.0 million and 1.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Additionally, stock options are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS when the combined exercise price, unrecognized stock-based compensation and expected tax benefits upon exercise are greater than the average market price for the Company’s common stock because their effect is anti-dilutive. Stock options totaling 1.9 million and 1.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the exercise of such options would be anti-dilutive. As discussed in Note 2, the Company issued Convertible Senior Notes (“Convertible Senior Notes”) in December 2014. It is the Company’s intent and policy to settle conversions through combination settlement, which essentially involves 55 repayment of an amount of cash equal to the “principal portion” and delivery of the “share amount” in excess of the conversion value over the principal portion in cash or shares of common stock (“conversion premium”). No conversion premium existed as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, therefore, there was no dilutive impact from the Convertible Senior Notes to diluted EPS. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, diluted net income per share was reported based on the more dilutive of the treasury stock or the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated to common stock and participating securities. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, the Company’s unvested restricted stock awards and certain unvested restricted stock units met the definition of participating securities. Basic net income per share under the two- class method was computed by dividing net income adjusted for earnings allocated to unvested stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share under the two- class method was computed by dividing net income adjusted for earnings allocated to unvested stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company excludes stock options from the calculation of diluted net income per share when the combined exercise price, unrecognized stock-based compensation and expected tax benefits upon exercise are greater than the average market price for the Company’s common stock because their effect is anti-dilutive. Stock options totaling 0.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the exercise of such options would be anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Basic net income per share: Net income .................................................................................. $ Less: income allocated to participating securities....................... Net income allocated to common stockholders .......................... $ Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic............ Net income per share — basic .................................................... $ Diluted net income per share: Net income .................................................................................. $ Less: income allocated to participating securities....................... Net income allocated to common stockholders .......................... $ Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic............ Dilutive securities ....................................................................... Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted ......... Net income per share — diluted ................................................. $ 2013 7,390 (17) 7,373 33,836 0.22 7,390 (16) 7,374 33,836 1,111 34,947 0.21 Comprehensive (Loss) Income—Comprehensive (loss) income includes unrealized gains and losses excluded from the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Facility Restructuring— In 2013, the Company announced a plan to move its manufacturing operations in Santa Clara, California to Athens, Ohio. Termination benefits for those employees who choose not to relocate are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, and are recorded when it is probable that employees will be entitled to benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of termination benefits are based on the frequency of past termination benefits and the similarity of benefits under the current plan and prior plans. Facility related costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and are recorded when the liability is incurred. The Company recorded a charge of $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2013, which included employee termination benefits and impairment charges related to the facility lease. The Company recorded no restructuring charges during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 56 Accounting Periods—Each of the Company’s fiscal quarters end on the Sunday closest to the end of the calendar quarter. The Company’s fiscal year ends are January 3, 2016, December 28, 2014 and December 29, 2013. For ease of reference, the calendar quarter end dates are used herein. Changes to the recording of prior period freight billed to customers from sales and marketing expenses to revenues—The Company corrected immaterial errors in the classification of freight billed to customers of $1.5 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, from sales and marketing expense as previously reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations to revenues. The adjustments did not impact net income (loss) as previously reported or any prior amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of Cash Flows, Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income or Statements of Stockholders' Equity. Management evaluated the materiality both qualitatively and quantitatively and determined it was not material to the previously reported consolidated financial statements. Change in Accounting Principle—The Company historically presented deferred debt issuance costs, or fees related to directly issuing debt, as assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted guidance codified in ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The guidance simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring debt issuance costs to be presented as a deduction from the corresponding liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs is not affected. Therefore, these costs will continue to be amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method pursuant to ASC 835-30-35-2 through 35-3. The Company elected to early adopt the requirements of ASU 2015-03 effective the first quarter ended March 31, 2015 and applied this guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the Company's financial statements. The reclassification does not impact net income (loss) as previously reported or any prior amounts reported on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table presents the effect of the retrospective application of this change in accounting principle on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014: Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands) ASSETS Current assets: As Reported December 31, 2014 Effect of Change in Accounting Principle After change in Accounting Principle Prepaid expenses and other current assets............................................ $ Total current assets........................................................................ Other non-current assets .............................................................................. Total assets................................................................................................... $ LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Long-term debt ............................................................................................ Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity..................................................... $ 3,554 275,121 4,565 451,550 142,097 451,550 $ $ $ (640) $ (640) (3,499) (4,139) $ 2,914 274,481 1,066 447,411 (4,139) (4,139) $ 137,958 447,411 Recent Accounting Pronouncements—In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance codified in Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. This guidance is intended to improve and converge with international standards relating to the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current authoritative guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The original guidance was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. However, in July 2015, the FASB deferred by one year the effective dates of the new revenue recognition standard for entities reporting under GAAP. As a result, the standard will be effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance and expects to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018. 57 In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASU 2014-15 (Subtopic 205-40), Presentation of Financial Statements - Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The guidance requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued when applicable). Management will be required to make this evaluation for both annual and interim reporting periods and will make certain disclosures if it concludes that substantial doubt exists or when its plans alleviate substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Substantial doubt exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The term probable is used consistently with its use in ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. The guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and for interim reporting periods starting in the first quarter 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements and expects to adopt the standard for the annual reporting period ended December 31, 2016. In February 2015, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASU 2015-02 (Topic 810), Consolidation - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. The guidance affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. Specifically, the guidance amends (i) the identification of variable interests (fees paid to a decision maker or service provider), (ii) the Variable Interest Entity (VIE) characteristics for a limited partnership or similar entity and (iii) the primary beneficiary determination. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and for interim reporting periods starting in the first quarter 2016. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements and expects to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2016. In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASU 2015-11 (Topic 330), Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The guidance applies to inventory that is measured using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost. Under the guidance, an entity should measure inventory that is within scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value, which is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements and expects to early adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2016. In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASU 2015-17 (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The guidance requires entities to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet instead of separating deferred taxes into current and non-current amounts. Additionally, entities will no longer allocate valuation allowances between current and non-current deferred tax assets because those allowances will also be classified as non-current. Under current GAAP, in a classified statement of financial position, deferred tax assets and liabilities are separated into a current amount and a non-current amount on the basis of the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities that are not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting are classified according to the expected reversal date of the temporary difference. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 and has presented all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current as of December 31, 2015. The Company has applied the standard on a prospective basis. Therefore, the classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities prior to December 31, 2015 have not been changed from the original presentation. Note 2. Debt 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 In December 2014, the Company issued $172.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020. Debt issuance costs of approximately $5.1 million were primarily comprised of underwriters fees, legal, accounting, and other professional fees of which $4.2 million were capitalized and are recorded as a reduction to long-term debt and are being amortized using the effective interest method to interest expense over the six-year term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The remaining $0.9 million of debt issuance costs were allocated as a component of equity in additional paid-in capital. Deferred issuance costs related to the Convertible Senior Notes were $3.5 million and $4.1 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Convertible Senior Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment, of 31.1891 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $32.06 per share) on the business 58 day immediately preceding September 15, 2020. This conversion will occur in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2015, if the last reported sales price of the Company's common stock, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the calendar quarter in which the conversion occurs, is more than 130% of the conversion price of the notes in effect on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five consecutive business day period following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per 1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Senior Note for each such trading day was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified events described in the indenture for the Convertible Senior Notes. On or after September 15, 2020 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date, holders may surrender their notes for conversion at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. It is the Company’s intent and policy to settle conversions through combination settlement, which essentially involves repayment of an amount of cash equal to the “principal portion” and delivery of the “share amount” in excess of the principal portion in shares of common stock or cash. In general, for each $1,000 in principal, the “principal portion” of cash upon settlement is defined as the lesser of $1,000, and the conversion value during the 25-day observation period as described in the indenture for the Convertible Senior Notes. The conversion value is the sum of the daily conversion value which is the product of the effective conversion rate divided by 25 days and the daily volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s common stock. The “share amount” is the cumulative “daily share amount” during the observation period, which is calculated by dividing the daily VWAP into the difference between the daily conversion value (i.e., conversion rate x daily VWAP) and $1,000. The Company pays 3.25% interest per annum on the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes semi-annually in arrears in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on December 15, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded total interest expense of $10.9 million related to the Convertible Senior Notes of which $5.3 million related to the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs and $5.6 million related to the coupon due semi-annually. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded total interest expense of $0.6 million related to the Convertible Senior Notes of which $0.3 million related to the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs and $0.3 million related to the coupon due semi-annually. If a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture for the Convertible Senior Notes, such as an acquisition, merger, or liquidation of the Company, occurs prior to the maturity date, subject to certain limitations, holders of the Convertible Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Convertible Senior Notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. The Company accounts separately for the liability and equity components of the Convertible Senior Notes in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. The guidance requires the carrying amount of the liability component to be estimated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature. Because the Company has no outstanding non-convertible public debt, the Company determined that senior, unsecured corporate bonds traded on the market represent a similar liability to the Convertible Senior Notes without the conversion option. Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry with similar credit ratings and with similar maturity, the Company estimated the implied interest rate of its Convertible Senior Notes to be 6.9%, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, which were defined as Level 2 observable inputs. The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the Convertible Senior Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $141.9 million upon issuance, calculated as the present value of implied future payments based on the $172.5 million aggregate principal amount. The $30.7 million difference between the cash proceeds of $172.5 million and the estimated fair value of the liability component was recorded in additional paid-in capital as the Convertible Senior Notes were not considered redeemable. As a policy election under applicable guidance related to the calculation of diluted net earnings per share, the Company elected the combination settlement method as its stated settlement policy and applied the treasury stock method in the calculation of dilutive impact of the Convertible Senior Notes. The Convertible Senior Notes were not convertible as of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and had no dilutive impact during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. If the Convertible Senior Notes were converted as of December 31, 2015, the if-converted value would not exceed the principal amount. 59 The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the Convertible Senior Notes (dollars in thousands). The fair values of the respective notes outstanding were measured based on quoted market prices. Principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes outstanding ............................................................ $ Unamortized discount of liability component ................................................................................. Unamortized deferred issuance costs (1)......................................................................................... Net carrying amount of liability component ............................................................................ Less: current portion........................................................................................................................ Long-term debt ......................................................................................................................... $ Carrying value of equity component, net of issuance costs ............................................................ $ Fair value of outstanding Convertible Senior Notes (2).................................................................. $ Remaining amortization period of discount on the liability component ......................................... December 31, 2015 172,500 (25,703) (3,500) 143,297 — 143,297 29,758 170,120 5 years $ $ $ $ 2014 172,500 (30,403) (4,139) 137,958 — 137,958 29,758 190,613 6 years (1) Includes reclassification of $0.6 million from prepaid expenses and other current assets and $3.5 million from other non- current assets as of December 31, 2014. (2) Subsequent to the issuance of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company discovered an error in its disclosure of the fair value of outstanding convertible senior notes. The fair value of the Convertible Senior Notes at December 31, 2014 was $190.6 million instead of the amount originally disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which inappropriately reflected only the book value of the long-term debt component of the Convertible Senior Notes, which was $142.1 million. The revision in the disclosure of fair value for the Convertible Senior Notes did not impact net loss as previously reported or any prior amounts reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of Operations, Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Statements of Cash Flows or Statements of Stockholders' Equity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014. Line of Credit On August 10, 2012, the Company entered into an amended and restated $140.0 million senior secured syndicated credit facility (the “Senior Credit Facility”), which matures on August 10, 2017. As part of this amendment, the Company incurred an additional $1.0 million in deferred financing costs related to the Senior Credit Facility. Deferred financing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Senior Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2015 the Company had deferred financing costs related to the Senior Credit Facility of $0.2 million included as a portion of other non-current assets and $0.3 million included as a portion of prepaid expenses and other current assets. As of December 31, 2014, $0.5 million of deferred financing costs were included as a portion of other non-current assets and $0.3 million were included as a portion of prepaid expenses and other current assets. The Senior Credit Facility bears interest at either the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The base rate is equal to the highest of (i) the lender’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus one-half of one percent and (iii) LIBOR plus one percent. The applicable margin is generally determined in accordance with a performance pricing grid based on the Company’s leverage ratio and ranges from 1.25% to 2.50% for LIBOR rate loans and from 0.25% to 1.50% for base rate loans. The agreement governing the Senior Credit Facility includes certain customary limitations, including among others: limitations on liens; on mergers, consolidations and dispositions of assets; on debt; on dividends, stock redemptions and the redemption and/or prepayment of other debt; on investments (including loans and advances) and acquisitions; and on transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to financial covenants which include a funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio (as defined in the Senior Credit Facility, with adjusted EBITDA generally calculated as earnings before, among other adjustments, interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation) not to exceed 3:1 as of the end of each fiscal quarter, and an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3:1 as of the end of each fiscal quarter. Funded debt is defined as outstanding borrowings on the Senior Credit Facility plus Convertible Senior Notes, less the Company’s domestic cash and cash equivalents in excess of $15.0 million. The Senior Credit Facility is secured by substantially all present and future domestic assets and properties of the Company and is senior to the Convertible Senior Notes. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no borrowings outstanding and had $126.1 million available under the Senior Credit Facility. The Company’s ability to borrow under the Senior Credit Facility fluctuates from time to time due to, among other factors, the Company’s borrowings under the facility and its funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants. 60 Note 3. Income Taxes Significant components of the (benefit) provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands): Current: Federal ............................................................................................ $ State ................................................................................................ Foreign............................................................................................ Total current provision (benefit)..................................................... Deferred: Federal ............................................................................................ State ................................................................................................ Foreign............................................................................................ Total deferred benefit...................................................................... Benefit for income taxes ........................................................................ $ 2015 December 31, 2014 2013 $ 948 399 41 1,388 (4,624) — 18 (4,606) (3,218) $ $ 61 (1,294) 69 (1,164) (5,267) 2,488 34 (2,745) (3,909) $ (565) 810 18 263 (2,584) (1,635) — (4,219) (3,956) The Company’s (loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes was subject to taxes in the following jurisdictions for the following periods (in thousands): United States .......................................................................................... $ Foreign ................................................................................................... (Loss) income before benefit for income taxes...................................... $ (9,480) $ 183 (9,297) $ (11,328) $ 345 (10,983) $ 2015 December 31, 2014 2013 3,364 70 3,434 Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are shown below (in thousands). Deferred tax assets: December 31, 2015 2014 Net operating loss carryforwards ............................................................................ $ Intangible assets ...................................................................................................... Sale-leaseback, net .................................................................................................. Allowance for returns and discounts....................................................................... Stock based compensation ...................................................................................... Tax credit carryforwards ......................................................................................... Other, net................................................................................................................. Total deferred tax assets............................................................................................... Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets............................................................ Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance .................................................. Deferred tax liabilities: Convertible Senior Notes ........................................................................................ Intangible assets ...................................................................................................... Property, plant and equipment................................................................................. Total deferred tax liabilities ......................................................................................... Net deferred tax assets and liabilities........................................................................... $ $ 1,199 3,574 1,224 4,308 9,884 2,341 5,200 27,730 (3,087) 24,643 (9,474) (9,977) (7,162) (26,613) (1,970) $ 2,236 3,366 1,424 4,574 8,255 2,060 4,472 26,387 (2,331) 24,056 (11,267) (12,939) (6,424) (30,630) (6,574) Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to use the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative before-tax loss incurred over the three-year periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Such objective evidence 61 limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence such as our projections for future profitability. On the basis of this evaluation, as of December 31, 2014, we recorded a valuation allowance of $2.3 million and increased the valuation allowance by $0.8 million to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2015. This valuation allowance represents the portion of the deferred tax asset that management could no longer conclude was more likely or not to be realized. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be adjusted in the future based on changes in available evidence, such as if objective negative evidence in the form of continued net losses are no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as the Company's projections for profitability. The Company recognizes excess tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options directly to stockholders’ equity only when realized. Accordingly, deferred tax assets are not recognized for net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards resulting from excess tax benefits. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, deferred tax assets do not include $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of these excess tax benefits from employee stock option exercises that are a component of the Company’s NOL and tax credit carryforwards. Additional paid-in capital will be increased up to an additional $1.3 million if such excess tax benefits are realized. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $1.5 million which will begin to expire in 2018, unless previously utilized. The Company also had state NOLs of approximately $17.6 million which will begin to expire in 2026, unless previously utilized. The Company has federal research credits of $2.7 million which will begin to expire on December 31, 2032, unless previously utilized. The Company has federal alternative minimum tax credits of $0.5 million which do not expire. The Company also has gross state research credits of $7.9 million, of which $7.7 million do not expire. The remaining $0.2 million begin to expire in 2027, unless previously utilized. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Sections 382 and 383, the Company’s use of its NOL and research credit carryforwards may be limited as a result of cumulative changes in ownership of more than 50% over a three-year period. The benefit for income taxes reconciles to the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to income (loss) before taxes as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Tax (benefit) expense at statutory tax rate............................................. State (benefit) taxes, net of federal tax (benefit).................................... Permanent differences............................................................................ Federal and state research credits—current year ................................... Federal research credits - prior year....................................................... (Release) accrual of uncertain tax positions .......................................... Expiration of statutes for uncertain tax positions .................................. Impact of change in federal and state tax rate on revaluing deferred tax assets ................................................................................................ Change in valuation allowance .............................................................. Acquisition related adjustments............................................................. Other ...................................................................................................... Benefit for income taxes ........................................................................ (3,254) (235) 157 (722) — 101 — 56 756 — (77) (3,218) (3,844) (151) 70 (765) — (21) (953) 110 2,331 (485) (201) (3,909) 1,214 63 (76) (1,046) (527) 369 (3,452) (581) — — 80 (3,956) On December 18, 2015, the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act was signed into law reinstating the federal research and development credit for 2015. Accordingly, we recorded the benefit related to the 2015 federal research and development credit of approximately $0.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2015. On January 3, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law reinstating the federal research and development credit for the 2012 and 2013 years. Accordingly, we recorded the benefit related to the 2012 federal research and development credit of approximately $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2013. The Company considers earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in those operations. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has not made a provision for U.S. or additional foreign withholding taxes on approximately $0.4 million of the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that is 62 indefinitely reinvested. Generally, such amounts become subject to U.S. taxation upon the remittance of dividends and under certain other circumstances. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to investments in these foreign subsidiaries. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. While the Company believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns, the Company regularly assesses the potential outcome of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s for unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands): Beginning balance .................................................................................. $ (Decreases) increases related to prior year tax positions ....................... Increases related to current year tax positions ....................................... Decreases due to settlements.................................................................. Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes ....... Ending balance ....................................................................................... $ Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 7,065 (12) 631 — — 7,684 $ 7,765 (68) 642 (42) (1,232) 7,065 $ $ 9,051 773 1,019 — (3,078) 7,765 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the unrecognized tax benefits of $7.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of which $5.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively, would reduce the Company’s annual effective tax rate, subject to the valuation allowance. The Company does not anticipate any significant decreases in its unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months. The Company's policy is to recognize the interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. The Company has accrued approximately $0.2 million of interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2015. Interest expense, net of accrued interest (reversed), in 2015, 2014, and 2013 was approximately $0.1 million, $(0.2) million, and $(0.3) million, respectively. The Company is subject to periodic audits by domestic and foreign tax authorities. During 2013, the Company was notified by the Internal Revenue Service that the Congressional Joint Committee of Taxation had completed its review and proposed no changes to the Company’s tax returns filed for the tax periods 2008 through 2010. As a result, the Company released tax reserves and related interest of approximately $3.5 million. During 2014, the Company released tax reserves and related interest of approximately $1.0 million, net of federal income tax benefits, related to the expiration of the statute of limitation on assessment for certain state matters. Due to the carryforward of unutilized net operating loss and credit carryovers, the Company's federal tax years from 2009 and forward and state tax years 2001 and forward are subject to examination by tax authorities. The Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken on its tax returns and that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter. Note 4. Stockholders’ Equity Preferred Stock. The Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended, authorizes the issuance of up to five million preferred shares. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the number of shares of any series of preferred stock and to determine the designation of such shares. However, the amended certificate of incorporation specifies the initial series and the rights of that series. No shares of preferred stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013. Equity Incentive Plan. The Company grants stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance-based restricted stock units (PSUs) to employees and non-employee directors under its Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”) and previously granted stock options under the Amended and Restated 2001 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2001 Plan"). The 2001 Plan was terminated at the time of adoption of the 2010 Plan, but the terminated Plan continues to govern outstanding options granted thereunder. The Company has stock options and RSUs outstanding, which were issued under each of these equity incentive plans to certain employees and directors. Stock options granted under these plans have terms ranging 63 up to ten years, have exercise prices ranging from $8.50 to $27.91 per share, and generally vest over four years. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 1.4 million shares remained available for grant under the 2010 Plan. Restricted Stock. The Company grants time-based RSUs and PSUs to certain officers, directors and management. Until the restrictions lapse, ownership of the affected RSUs granted to the Company’s officers is conditional upon continuous employment with the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company granted approximately 0.2 million, 0.1 million and 0.1 million shares, respectively, of RSUs to officers and management, which have a time-based four-year vesting provision. A portion of the RSUs granted in 2012 and 2011 was performance-based and vesting was tied to achievement of specific Company goals in 2014 and 2013, respectively. For purposes of measuring compensation expense, the amount of shares ultimately expected to vest is estimated at each reporting date based on management’s expectations regarding the relevant performance criteria. The recognition of compensation expense associated with the PSUs requires judgment in assessing the probability of meeting the performance goals, as well as defined criteria for assessing achievement of the performance-related goals. The grant date of the PSUs takes place when the grant is authorized and the specific achievement goals are communicated. The communication date of the performance goals can impact the valuation and associated expense of the PSUs. The PSUs granted in March 2011 included a three-year vesting cliff based on the achievement of a performance metric tied to earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2013. During the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2013, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors amended the performance metric to include adjustments for certain items, some of which are non-recurring. This resulted in a modification of the original award and the Company recorded additional stock-based compensation expense of $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The PSUs granted in March 2012 included a three-year vesting cliff based on the achievement of a performance metric tied to earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2014, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors amended the performance metric to include adjustments for certain items, some of which are non-recurring. This resulted in a modification of the original award and the Company recorded additional stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The PSUs granted in March 2011 and March 2012 were released in March 2014 and March 2015, respectively, as performance metrics were achieved. There are no PSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2015. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, RSUs were granted to certain members of the Board of Directors in lieu of cash compensation as a part of the Company’s non-employee director’s deferred compensation program. The compensation expense associated with these RSU grants were $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Employee Deferred Bonus Compensation Program. For the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, certain employees of the Company were eligible to participate in the Company’s deferred bonus compensation program with respect to any payments received under the Company’s cash incentive plan. Participating employees could elect to receive 50% or 100% of the cash value of their cash bonus in the form of fully vested, restricted stock units plus an additional premium as additional restricted stock units, issued under the 2010 Plan. The premium restricted stock units are subject to a one-year vesting requirement from the date of issuance. The additional premium will be determined based on the length of time of the deferral period selected by the participating employee as follows: (i) if one year from the date of grant, a premium of 10% on the amount deferred, (ii) if two years from the date of grant, a premium of 20% on the amount deferred, or (iii) if four years from the date of grant, a premium of 30% on the amount deferred. Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Under the Company’s 1983 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), full-time employees are allowed to purchase common stock through payroll deductions (which cannot exceed 10% of the employee’s compensation) at the lower of 85% of fair market value at the beginning or end of each six-month purchase period. As of December 31, 2015, 1,131,493 shares had been sold under the Plan, leaving 118,507 shares available for future issuance. Share Repurchase Program. On January 25, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized an amendment to extend our previously announced stock repurchase program. The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to an aggregate of $50.0 million in shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program. Any shares of common stock repurchased under this program will no longer be deemed outstanding upon repurchase and will be returned to the pool of authorized shares. During the year ended December 31, 2015, 1,397,000 shares of outstanding common stock were repurchased 64 under the Company's previously announced share repurchase program for approximately $30.4 million. At December 31, 2015, $19.6 million remains available under this plan. The repurchase program will expire on January 25, 2018 unless extended by our Board of Directors. On December 20, 2013, the Company repurchased 37,709 shares of common stock based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of the transaction from a Member of the Board of Directors, in exchange for payment for the aggregate exercise of 76,687 stock options. The stock option exercise is included in the issuance of common stock under equity compensation plans and the repurchase is included in repurchases of common stock presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Shares Reserved for Future Issuance. At December 31, 2015, approximately 5.9 million shares of common stock were reserved under the Company’s equity incentive plans and 118,507 shares were reserved for purchases under the ESPP. Note 5. Stock-Based Compensation For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 stock-based compensation expense was $7.4 million, $6.7 million and $8.8 million, respectively, of which $4.7 million, $4.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, related to stock options and $2.0 million, $2.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively, related to RSUs and PSUs. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 the Company recorded $0.7 million, $0.3 million and $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense, respectively, associated with the deferred bonus compensation program, described in Note 4. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $0.6 million, $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, were initially recorded as a component of accrued payroll and related expenses. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, RSUs and PSUs was as follows (in thousands): Cost of sales ............................................................................................... $ Research and development ........................................................................ Sales and marketing ................................................................................... General and administrative ........................................................................ 581 734 1,554 4,550 $ 609 $ 1,062 1,059 3,994 $ 7,419 $ 6,724 $ 815 1,912 821 5,223 8,771 Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Stock-based compensation expense capitalized to inventory and compensation expense related to the Company’s ESPP were not material for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Stock Options Compensation expense related to stock options granted is recognized ratably over the service vesting period for the entire option award. For stock options with graded vesting, the Company ensures that the cumulative amount of compensation expense recognized at the end of any reporting period at least equals the portion of the stock option that has vested at that date. The total number of stock options expected to vest is adjusted by estimated forfeiture rates. The estimated fair value of each stock option was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted- average assumptions for the option grants: Risk-free interest rate................................................................................. Expected option life (in years)................................................................... Volatility rate.............................................................................................. Dividend rate.............................................................................................. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 1.50% 6.24 40% —% 1.59% 5.78 42% —% 0.86% 5.53 44% —% The computation of the expected option life is based on a weighted-average calculation combining the average life of options that have already been exercised and post-vest cancellations with the estimated life of the remaining vested and unexercised options. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve over the expected term of the option. The Company has never paid any cash 65 dividends on its common stock, and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Company’s estimated forfeiture rate is based on its historical experience and future expectations. The Company’s determination of fair value is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as a number of assumptions that require judgment. The weighted-average fair value per share was $9.46, $10.96 and $9.19 for options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The total intrinsic value was $1.6 million, $2.8 million and $8.1 million for options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was approximately $6.6 million and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.2 years. The maximum contractual term of the Company’s stock options is ten years. A summary of the status of stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands, except price data and years): Number of Shares Weighted- average exercise price per share Weighted- average remaining contractual term (in years) Aggregate intrinsic value Outstanding at January 1, 2013 .............................. 3,600 $ Granted ................................................................... Exercised................................................................. Cancelled ................................................................ Outstanding at December 31, 2013 ........................ Granted ................................................................... Exercised................................................................. Cancelled ................................................................ Outstanding at December 31, 2014 ........................ Granted ................................................................... Exercised................................................................. Cancelled ................................................................ Outstanding at December 31, 2015 ........................ Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015 Exercisable at December 31, 2015 ......................... Available for future grant at December 31, 2015 ... Restricted Stock Units 529 (642) (13) 3,474 559 (251) (175) 3,607 659 (168) (131) 3,967 3,827 2,657 1,434 $ $ $ 13.15 22.36 12.16 10.61 14.74 26.63 13.67 20.63 16.37 23.15 12.30 23.41 17.44 17.20 14.37 5.54 5.52 4.16 $ $ $ 19,225 19,192 18,503 The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company grants both time-based restricted stock named RSUs and performance-based restricted stock named PSUs. Compensation expense for time-based RSUs is measured at the grant date and recognized ratably over the vesting period. A portion of the restricted stock granted in 2012 and 2011 was performance-based and vesting is tied to achievement of specific Company goals in 2014 and 2013, respectively. For purposes of measuring compensation expense, the amount of shares ultimately expected to vest is estimated at each reporting date based on management’s expectations regarding the relevant performance criteria. The recognition of compensation expense associated with PSUs requires judgment in assessing the probability of meeting the performance goals, as well as defined criteria for assessing achievement of the performance-related goals. The grant date of the PSUs takes place when the grant is authorized and the specific achievement goals are communicated. The communication date of the performance goals can impact the valuation and associated expense of the PSU. See further discussion of amended performance metrics and the impact to stock-based compensation expense in Note 4. 66 A summary of the status of stock awards activity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands, except price data): Non-vested at January 1, 2013................................................................................... Granted....................................................................................................................... Vested......................................................................................................................... Forfeited..................................................................................................................... Non-vested at December 31, 2013............................................................................. Granted....................................................................................................................... Vested......................................................................................................................... Forfeited..................................................................................................................... Non-vested at December 31, 2014............................................................................. Granted....................................................................................................................... Vested......................................................................................................................... Forfeited..................................................................................................................... Non-vested at December 31, 2015............................................................................. Shares 522 $ 74 (141) (1) 454 145 (174) (23) 402 171 (96) (18) 459 $ Weighted-average grant date fair value 13.87 23.53 23.43 15.26 16.22 25.73 28.27 18.19 14.84 22.79 18.01 22.87 21.61 In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company issued approximately 0.1 million restricted share units each year in exchange for the deferred bonus liability of $0.4 million, $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The total amount of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards as of December 31, 2015 was approximately $3.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.8 years. Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies Leases The Company leases its facilities and certain equipment. Commitments for minimum rentals under non-cancelable leases at the end of 2015 are as follows (in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2016 ..................................................................................................................................... Operating Leases 2,383 $ $ 2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 2018 ..................................................................................................................................... 2019 ..................................................................................................................................... 2020 ..................................................................................................................................... Thereafter ............................................................................................................................ 1,885 1,644 1,669 1,684 1,971 Total minimum lease payments........................................................................................... $ 11,236 Less: amount representing interest ...................................................................................... Present value of lease obligation ......................................................................................... Less: current portion............................................................................................................ Long-term lease obligation.................................................................................................. $ Lease obligation 922 931 940 950 959 1,079 5,781 (1,164) 4,617 (585) 4,032 Operating Leases—Rent expense under operating leases totaled approximately $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company entered into a lease for approximately 30,000 square feet of office space and moved the executive and administrative functions into this facility in the second quarter of 2014. The lease expires in 2022 with 67 options to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods. This operating lease included a lease incentive for tenant improvements of $1.7 million which has been included as a leasehold improvement in property, plant and equipment and as deferred rent in other current liabilities and non-current deferred rent. McKellar Lease Obligation—During 1999, the Company completed a sale and leaseback transaction of its San Diego facility. The facility was sold for $15.0 million, of which $3.8 million was capital contributed by the Company. The sale was an all cash transaction, netting the Company approximately $7.0 million. The Company is a 25% limited partner in the partnership that acquired the facility. The transaction was deemed a financing transaction under the guidance in ASC Topic 840-40, Accounting for Sales of Real Estate. The assets sold remain on the books of the Company and will continue to be depreciated over the estimated useful life. In December 2009, the Company amended the terms of its lease agreement which had no significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. The amended terms included a new ten-year lease term through December 31, 2019, with options to extend the lease for up to three additional five-year periods. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company amended the terms of its lease agreement to extend the lease term through December 31, 2020. The options to extend the lease for up to three additional five-year periods commence at the new lease term date of December 31, 2020. The Company is amortizing the lease obligation over the new lease term. As the Company accounts for the lease as a financing transaction, the Company adjusted the implied interest rate so that the existing lease obligation is amortized to December 31, 2020. The Company has determined that the partnership is a variable interest entity (VIE). The Company is not, however, the primary beneficiary of the VIE as it does not absorb the majority of the partnership’s expected losses or receive a majority of the partnership’s residual returns. The Company made lease payments to the partnership of approximately $1.1 million for each of the three years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Purchase Commitments The Company has $4.0 million in firm purchase commitments with respect to planned capital expenditures as of December 31, 2015. Legal The Company is involved in various claims and litigation matters from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that all such current legal actions, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company also maintains insurance, including coverage for product liability claims, in amounts which management believes are appropriate given the nature of its business. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, accrued as a liability for various legal matters where the Company deemed the liability probable and estimable. Licensing Arrangements On September 27, 2011, the Company entered into the Second Amendment (the “Amendment”) to Quidel/Inverness Settlement Agreement dated April 27, 2005 (the “Agreement”), as amended by an Addendum dated June 19, 2006, with Alere Inc. (formerly known as Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc.) (“Alere”). The Amendment, which was effective as of April 1, 2011, amended certain royalty and other provisions in the Agreement and enabled the Company to “buy-down” and “buy-out” its future royalty obligation under the Agreement for payments totaling $29.5 million. Under the Amendment, the Company made an initial cash payment of $13.8 million to Alere in September 2011 in connection with a buy-down of the Company’s royalty obligations for the period beginning July 1, 2011. In addition, the Company exercised its buy-out right for any remaining future royalty obligation by exercising the Royalty Termination Option (as defined in the Amendment) in January 2012, thereby terminating the Company’s obligation to pay future royalties under the Agreement in exchange for a fixed cash payment in the amount of $15.7 million less $1.0 million of specified third quarter 2011 royalties. This amount was paid in February 2012. In conjunction with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Update No. 2009-05, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820), the Company assigned $28.8 million to the licensed technology and $0.7 million as a one-time charge to cost of sales to settle royalty claims. In determining the fair value allocation between the intangible asset licensed technology and the one-time charge to cost of sales, the Company assessed the past and estimated future revenue streams related to present and future products that use the patents that were subject to the Amendment. The effective life and related amortization of the licensed technology was based on the higher of the percentage of usage or the straight-line method. This percentage of usage was determined using the revenues generated from products covered by the patents that were subject 68 to the Amendment. The terms of the Amendment provide for an estimated useful life of 3.5 years for this asset. The Company recorded $0.7 million of amortization expense in 2015 and $8.0 million in both 2014 and 2013, included as a portion of cost of sales. As of December 31, 2015, this intangible asset has been fully amortized. In addition to the royalty agreement noted above, the Company has entered into various other licensing and royalty agreements, which largely require payments based on specified product sales as well as the achievement of specified milestones. The Company had royalty and license expenses relating to those agreements of approximately $0.5 million, $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Research and Development Agreements The Company has entered into various research and development agreements that provide it with rights to develop, manufacture and market products using the intellectual property and technology of its collaborative partners. Under the terms of certain of these agreements, the Company is required to make periodic payments based on achievement of certain milestones or resource expenditures. These milestones generally include achievement of prototype assays, validation lots and clinical trials. At December 31, 2015, total future commitments under the terms of these agreements are estimated at $4.2 million. The commitments will fluctuate as we agree to new phases of development under the existing arrangements. Contingent Consideration In conjunction with the acquisition of BioHelix Corporation (“BioHelix”) in May 2013, the Company agreed to contingent consideration ranging from $5.0 million to $13.0 million upon achievement of certain research and development milestones and revenue targets through 2018. During 2014, the Company disbursed research and development milestone payments totaling $2.1 million and all payments related to research and development milestones had been disbursed as of December 31, 2014. Payments of $0.1 million and $49,000 related to the revenue royalty earn-out were disbursed during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration related to the revenue royalty earn-out to be settled in cash is estimated based on the Monte Carlo Simulation Model. Due to changes in the estimated payments and a shorter discounting period, the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities changed, resulting in gains of $21,000 and $0.8 million recorded to cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the current portion of the contingent consideration is $1.3 million and the non-current portion of the contingent consideration is $4.1 million. In August 2013, the Company completed a business combination accomplished by acquiring the assets of AnDiaTec GmbH & Co. KG (“AnDiaTec”), a privately-held, diagnostics company, based in Germany. The Company agreed to contingent consideration of up to €0.5 million ($0.5 million based on the December 31, 2015 currency conversion rate) upon achievement of certain revenue targets through 2018. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration related to the revenue royalty earn-out to be settled in cash is estimated based on the Monte Carlo Simulation Model. Due to changes in the estimated payments and a shorter discounting period, the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities changed, resulting in a $67,000 gain recorded to cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015 the current portion of the contingent consideration is $35,000 and the non-current portion of the contingent consideration is $0.1 million. In addition, the Company agreed to pay the founder of AnDiaTec contingent payments of up to €3.0 million ($3.3 million based on the December 31, 2015 currency conversion rate) upon achievement of certain research and development milestones, subject to continued employment. The Company paid $1.7 million and $0.9 million for the achievement of agreed upon research and development milestones during the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These costs are recorded as compensation expense included in research and development expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 7. Industry and Geographic Information The Company operates in one reportable segment. Sales to customers outside the U.S. represented 14%, 13% and 13% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, balances due from foreign customers, in U.S. dollars, were $5.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively. 69 The Company had sales to individual customers in excess of 10% of total revenue, as follows: Customer: A................................................................................................................. B................................................................................................................. C................................................................................................................. Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 20% 17% 11% 48% 19% 18% 11% 48% 19% 16% 8% 43% As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, accounts receivable from individual customers with balances due in excess of 10% of total accounts receivable totaled $12.0 million and $23.7 million, respectively. The following presents long-lived assets (excluding intangible assets) and total net revenue by geographic territory (in thousands): Long-lived assets as of December 31, 2015 2014 Domestic ................................................................. $ Foreign.................................................................... 52,426 121 $ 52,547 $ $ 49,052 174 49,226 $ $ Total revenue year ended December 31, 2015 168,809 27,320 196,129 $ $ 2014 159,845 24,313 184,158 $ $ 2013 154,626 22,699 177,325 Consolidated net product revenues by disease state are as follows (in thousands): Infectious disease................................................................................ $ Women’s health................................................................................... Gastrointestinal disease ...................................................................... Royalty, license fees and grant revenue.............................................. Other ................................................................................................... Year ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 141,857 $ 130,416 $ 37,161 7,224 6,189 3,698 34,332 7,414 7,681 4,315 128,079 33,328 6,622 3,917 5,379 $ 196,129 $ 184,158 $ 177,325 Note 8. Fair Value Measurement The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the following periods (in thousands): December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Cash equivalents............................. 133,147 Total assets measured at fair value........ $133,147 Liabilities: — — 133,147 3,057 — — 3,057 $ — $ — $133,147 $ 3,057 $ — $ — $ 3,057 Contingent consideration................ Total liabilities measured at fair value... $ — — 5,516 5,516 — — 5,756 5,756 — $ — $ 5,516 $ 5,516 $ — $ — $ 5,756 $ 5,756 There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 categories of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. 70 The Company used Level 1 inputs to determine the fair value of its cash equivalents, which primarily consist of funds held in a money market account, and as such, the carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the carrying value of cash equivalents was $133.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively. The Company assesses the fair value of contingent consideration to be settled in cash related to acquisitions using the Monte Carlo Simulation Model for the royalty earn-out portions of the contingent liability and probability weighted models for the research and development earn-out. These are Level 3 measurements. Significant assumptions used in the measurement include probabilities of achieving the remaining milestones and the discount rates, which depend on the milestone risk profiles. Due to changes in the estimated payments and a shorter discounting period, the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities changed during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. These changes resulted in a $0.1 million gain and $0.9 million gain recorded to cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Changes in estimated fair value of contingent consideration liabilities from December 31, 2014 through December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands): Balance at December 31, 2014........................................................................................................... $ Cash payments.................................................................................................................................... Net gain recorded for fair value adjustments ..................................................................................... Unrealized gain on foreign currency translation ................................................................................ Balance at December 31, 2015........................................................................................................... $ 5,756 (129) (88) (23) 5,516 Contingent consideration liability (Level 3 measurement) Note 9. Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan (the “401(k) Plan”) covering all employees who are eligible to join the 401(k) Plan upon employment. Employee contributions are subject to a maximum limit by federal law. This Plan includes an employer match of 50% on the first 6% of pay contributed by the employee. The Company contributed approximately $1.3 million, $1.1 million and $0.9 million to the 401(k) Plan during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Note 10. Impairment Loss The Company originally acquired certain automated direct fluorescent antibody cell analyzer technology as part of its DHI acquisition in 2010. This technology and the related program named "Project Stella" or "Bobcat" continued in development or evaluation (both the technology and associated instrument system) since the acquisition. During the third quarter of 2014, the Company evaluated the potential cash flows related to Project Stella as well as potential sale of the assets or joint development opportunities with third parties. As a result of those activities, the Company identified indicators of impairment related to the Project Stella assets. These assets included $1.5 million of software development costs, $1.6 million of in-process research and development, and $0.3 million in manufacturing line costs. During 2014, the Company completed an evaluation of the recoverability of the assets, which included cash flow analyses as well as pursuing a potential sale of the assets to third parties. Based on the analyses, the Company determined the carrying value was not recoverable and an impairment loss was measured by comparing the carrying value to the estimated fair value of the assets. The fair value of the Project Stella assets was estimated utilizing the discounted cash flow analysis. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2014, included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, $0.2 million was included in the impairment loss related to the expense to terminate a manufacturing contract with a third party to manufacture Project Stella instruments. The Company recorded no further impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2014 and recorded no impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2015. 71 Note 11. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) 2015 Total revenues (1) .............................................. $ Cost of sales (excludes amortization of intangible assets)................................................ Gross profit (2)................................................... Total costs and expenses (1) .............................. Net (loss) income ............................................... Basic net (loss) earnings per share (3) ............... Diluted net (loss) earnings per share (3) ............ 2014 Total revenues (1) .............................................. $ Cost of sales (excludes amortization of intangible assets)................................................ Gross profit (2)................................................... Total costs and expenses (1) .............................. Net income (loss) ............................................... Basic net earnings (loss) per share (3) ............... Diluted net earnings (loss) per share (3) ............ First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter (in thousands, except per share data) 61,701 $ 35,204 $ 46,812 $ 52,412 21,112 39,018 53,012 3,991 0.12 0.11 15,493 18,121 45,029 (8,931) (0.26) (0.26) 16,961 28,261 45,600 (762) (0.02) (0.02) 18,122 32,700 49,750 (377) (0.01) (0.01) 47,129 $ 31,883 $ 41,193 $ 63,953 20,247 25,311 49,146 (1,512) (0.04) (0.04) 15,902 14,410 41,868 (6,908) (0.20) (0.20) 16,768 22,854 51,314 (5,767) (0.17) (0.17) 21,263 41,120 51,038 7,113 0.21 0.20 (1) Includes reclassification of freight billed to customers from sales and marketing expense to revenue of $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the first and second quarters of 2015, respectively, and $0.5 million, $0.4 million, $0.3 million, and $0.4 million for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2014, respectively. (2) Included in 2015 and 2014 quarterly gross profit is amortization of intangible assets of $1.6 million, $1.6 million, $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter and fourth quarter, respectively. (3) Basic and diluted EPS amounts in each quarter are computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during that quarter, while basic and diluted EPS for the full year is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the year. Therefore, the sum of the four quarters’ basic or diluted EPS may not equal the full year basic or diluted EPS. 72 QUIDEL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS SCHEDULE II Description Year ended December 31, 2015 Balance at beginning of period Additions charged to expense or as reductions to revenue (1) Deductions (2) Balance at end of period (in thousands) Accounts receivable allowance ......................... $ 8,221 Year ended December 31, 2014: Accounts receivable allowance ......................... $ 5,790 Year ended December 31, 2013: Accounts receivable allowance ......................... $ 4,955 $ $ $ 31,532 23,447 15,230 $ $ $ (32,265) $ 7,488 (21,016) $ 8,221 (14,395) $ 5,790 (1) Represents charges associated primarily to accruals for early payment discounts, volume discounts and contract rebates recorded as reductions to revenue. Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts are recorded to sales and marketing expenses. (2) The deductions represent actual charges against the accrual described above. 73 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: We have performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2015 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Changes in internal control over financial reporting: There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2015 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting: Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this Item 9A. 74 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Quidel Corporation We have audited Quidel Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Quidel Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, Quidel Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Quidel Corporation as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 of Quidel Corporation and our report dated February 22, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP San Diego, California February 22, 2016 75 Item 9B. Other Information 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders The Company’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders will be held on Tuesday, May 17, 2016, beginning at 8:30 a.m. (local time) at the Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines, 10950 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037. 76 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our 2016 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC no later than April 30, 2016 (the "2016 Proxy Statement"). Information with respect to executive officers is included under Item 1 of this Annual Report. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our 2016 Proxy Statement. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our 2016 Proxy Statement. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our 2016 Proxy Statement. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from our 2016 Proxy Statement. 77 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K: Part IV (a) (1) Financial Statements The Consolidated Financial Statements required by this Item are submitted in Part II, Item 8 of this form 10-K. (2) Financial Statement Schedules The following Financial Statement Schedule of Quidel Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is filed as part of this Annual Report in Part II, Item 8 and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of Quidel Corporation: Schedule II. Consolidated Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. Financial Statement Schedules not listed above have been omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto. (3) Exhibits. See Paragraph 15(b) below. (b) Exhibits The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately following this Item 15 are filed as part of, and incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (c) Financial Statements required by Regulation S-X which are excluded from this Annual Report on Form 10-K by Rule 14(a)-3(b). Not applicable. 78 Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 10.1(1) 10.2(1) 10.3(1) 10.4(1) 10.5(1) 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10* 10.11(1) 10.12(1) 10.13(1) 10.14(1) EXHIBIT INDEX Description Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Quidel Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2015.) Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Quidel Corporation, effective as of May 5, 2015. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2015.) Amended and Restated Bylaws of Quidel Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2012.) Certificate of Designations of Series C Junior Participating Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010.) Specimen stock certification. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on August 31, 2010.) Indenture, dated as of December 1, 2014, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Form S-3 filed on December 1, 2014.) First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 8, 2014, by and between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (including the form of Notes). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 8, 2014.) Registrant’s Amended and Restated 1983 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed on April 6, 2012.) Registrant’s Amended and Restated 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, effective as of May 12, 2009. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 18, 2009.) Registrant's Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Proxy Statement filed on April 1, 2014.) Form of Notice of Grant of Award and Award Agreement for Registrant's 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on May 14, 2010.) Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Registrant's 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on May 14, 2010.) Settlement Agreement dated April 27, 2005 between the Registrant and Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2005.) Second Amendment to Quidel/Inverness Settlement Agreement dated September 27, 2011. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on September 28, 2011.) Form of Single Tenant Absolute Net Lease. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2000.) Second Amendment to Single Tenant Absolute Net Lease. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2009.) Third Amendment to Single Tenant Absolute Net Lease. Form of Indemnification Agreement—Corporate Officer and/or Director. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2005.) Employment Agreement, dated as of January 16, 2009, between the Registrant and Douglas C. Bryant. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2009.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, dated as of January 16, 2009, between the Registrant and Douglas C. Bryant. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2009.) Employment Offer Letter, entered into on June 5, 2008, between the Registrant and Robert J. Bujarski. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2008.) 79 10.15(1) 10.16(1) 10.17(1) 10.18(1) 10.19(1) 10.20(1) 10.21(1) 10.22(1) 10.23(1) 10.24(1) 10.25(1) 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31(1) 10.32(1) 10.33(1) Agreement Re: Change in Control, entered into on June 5, 2008, between the Registrant and Robert J. Bujarski. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2008.) Randall Steward Employment Offer Letter, dated as of September 12, 2011. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, dated as of September 19, 2011, between the Registrant and Randall Steward. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, entered into on November 7, 2008, between the Registrant and John D. Tamerius, Ph.D. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2008.) Employment Offer Letter, dated April 24, 2014, between the Registrant and Werner Kroll. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, entered into on May 9, 2014, between the Registrant and Werner Kroll. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014.) 2015 Cash Incentive Compensation Plan for the Registrant. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2015.) 2015 Employee Deferred Bonus Compensation Program. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2015.) 2015 Equity Incentive Plan Grants to the Registrant’s executive officers. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2015.) 2015 Annual Base Salaries for the Registrant’s executive officers, effective as of February 9, 2015. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2015.) 2015 Incentive Compensation Plan Plus. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 19, 2015.) Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and among the Registrant, as Borrower, each lender from time to time party thereto (collectively, “Lenders” and individually, a “Lender”) and Bank of America, N.A. as Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, dated as of August 10, 2012. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2012.) Amended and Restated Security Agreement by and among the Registrant, as Borrower, the material subsidiaries of Borrower, each additional guarantor that may become a party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent, dated as of August 10, 2012. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2012.) Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement, by and among the Registrant, as Borrower, the material subsidiaries of Borrower, each additional guarantor that may become a party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, dated as of December 1, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on December 4, 2014.) Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2015, by and among Quidel Corporation, as Borrower, Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., as Guarantor, each lender party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2015.) Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement, dated as of August 6, 2015, by and among Quidel Corporation, as Borrower, Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., as Guarantor, each lender party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2015.) Transition Agreement, dated as of June 18, 2015, between Quidel Corporation and Mark Smits. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2016.) Employment Offer Letter, dated December 19, 2014, between the Registrant and Michael D. Abney, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, entered into on January 19, 2015, between the Registrant and Michael D. Abney, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.) 80 10.34(1) 10.35(1) 21.1* 23.1* 31.1* 31.2* 32.1* 101 101 101 101 101 101 * Employment Offer Letter, dated October 4, 2015, between the Registrant and Edward K. Russell. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.) Agreement Re: Change in Control, entered into on October 12, 2015, between the Registrant and Edward K. Russell. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.) Subsidiaries of the Registrant. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Certification by Principal Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification by Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certifications by Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of the Registrant pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document Filed / furnished herewith (1) Indicates a management plan or compensatory plan or arrangement. 81 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 22, 2016 QUIDEL CORPORATION By /s/ DOUGLAS C. BRYANT Douglas C. Bryant President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature /s/ DOUGLAS C. BRYANT Douglas C. Bryant /s/ RANDALL J. STEWARD Randall J. Steward /s/ KENNETH F. BUECHLER Kenneth F. Buechler Title President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer, (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Date February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 Chairman of the Board February 22, 2016 /s/ THOMAS D. BROWN Director Thomas D. Brown /s/ RODNEY F. DAMMEYER Rodney F. Dammeyer Director /s/ MARY LAKE POLAN Director Mary Lake Polan /s/ JACK W. SCHULER Director Jack W. Schuler /s/ CHARLES P. SLACIK Charles P. Slacik /s/ KENNETH J. WIDDER Kenneth J. Widder Director Director February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 February 22, 2016 82 [This page intentionally left blank] [This page intentionally left blank] QUIDEL SENIOR MANAGEMENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS Douglas C. Bryant President and Chief Executive Officer Randall J. Steward Chief Financial Officer Michael D. Abney, Jr. SVP, Distribution Kenneth F. Buechler, Ph.D. Chairman of the Board, Quidel Founder, Former President and Chief Executive Officer, Biosite Inc. Thomas D. Brown Retired SVP and President of the Diagnostic Division of Abbott Laboratories Robert J. Bujarski SVP, Business Development and General Counsel Douglas C. Bryant President and Chief Executive Officer, Quidel Werner Kroll, Ph.D. SVP, Research and Development Edward K. Russell SVP, Global Commercial Operations John D. Tamerius, Ph.D. SVP, Strategic and External Affairs ANNUAL MEETING The Annual Meeting of shareholders will be held at 8:30 a.m., Tuesday, May 17, 2016, at: Hilton La Jolla Torrey Pines 10950 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 Outside Legal Counsel Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP Irvine, California 92612 Snell & Wilmer, LLP Phoenix, Arizona 85004 Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Ernst & Young LLP San Diego, California 92101 Stockholder Inquiries Inquiries related to stock transfer or lost certificates should be directed to the Transfer Agent. Transfer Agent & Registrar American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 59 Maiden Lane, Plaza Level, New York, New York 10038 800.937.5449 Rod F. Dammeyer President, CAC, LLC Mary Lake Polan, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. Clinical Professor, Yale University School of Medicine Jack W. Schuler Co-Founder, Crabtree Partners, LLC Charles P. Slacik Former SVP and CFO for Beckman Coulter, Inc. Kenneth J. Widder, M.D. General Partner, LVP Life Science Ventures Nasdaq Listing Quidel common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “QDEL.” Form 10-K and form 10-Q A copy of the Company’s Annual Report on form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on form 10-Q and other reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available without charge upon request. Please contact Investor Relations. Investor Relations 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 200 San Diego, California 92130 USA 858.552.7955 ir@quidel.com Quidel’s annual, quarterly, periodic reports, press releases and other information are located on Quidel’s web site: quidel.com Quidel® and the Company’s stylized logos, AmpliVue®, Sofia®, Solana®, Lyra®, QuickVue®, QuickVue+®, QuickVue In Line®, QuickVue Advance®, Thyretain®, Virena®, QVB® (Quidel Value Build), gII®, D3®, Elvis®, Elvira®, Integrating Science and Humanity®, The Power of Direct Detection®, ReadyCells®, Freshfrozencells®, TurboTreat®, LTF® Rub ‘n Read®, One Visit. One Test. One Time® and Research to Rapids® are registered trademarks of the Company. Savanna™, MicroVue™, FastPoint™, Veritrop™, Viralarts™ and Test and Treat Today™ are also trademarks of the Company. 1616MI0416D (04/16) Quidel Corporation Corporate Headquarters 12544 High Bluff Drive, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92130 USA Operations and R&D 10165 McKellar Court San Diego, CA 92121 USA Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc. A Quidel Company 2005 East State Street, Suite 100 Athens, OH 45701 USA BioHelix Corporation A Quidel Company 500 Cummings, Suite 5500 Beverly, MA 01915 USA Quidel Germany GmbH & AnDiaTec Division Leibnizstr. 11 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that involve material risks, assumptions and uncertainties. Many possible events or factors could affect our future financial results and performance, such that our actual results and performance may differ materially from those that may be described or implied in the forward-looking statements. As such no forward- looking statement can be guaranteed. Differences in actual results and performance may arise as a result of a number of factors including, without limitation, fluctuations in our operating results resulting from seasonality, the timing of the onset, length and severity of cold and flu seasons, government and media attention focused on influenza and the related potential impact on humans from novel influenza viruses, adverse changes in competitive conditions in domestic and international markets, changes in sales levels as it relates to the absorption of our fixed costs; lower than anticipated market penetration of our products, the reimbursement system currently in place and future changes to that system, changes in economic conditions in our domestic and international markets; the quantity of our product in our distributors’ inventory or distribution channels, changes in the buying patterns of our distributors, and changes in the healthcare market and consolidation of our customer base; our development and protection of intellectual property; our development of new technologies, products and markets; our reliance on a limited number of key distributors; our reliance on sales of our influenza diagnostic tests; our ability to manage our growth strategy, including our ability to integrate companies or technologies we have acquired or may acquire; intellectual property risks, including but not limited to, infringement litigation; our debt service requirements; our inability to settle conversions of our Convertible Senior Notes in cash; the effect on our operating results from the trigger of the conditional conversion feature of our Convertible Senior Notes; limitations and covenants in our Senior Credit Facility; our need for additional funds to finance our operating needs; volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets; acceptance of our products among physicians and other healthcare providers; competition with other providers of diagnostic products; adverse actions or delays in new product reviews or related to currently-marketed products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the“FDA”); changes in government policies; compliance with other government regulations, such as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard and disposal of hazardous substances; third-party reimbursement policies; our ability to meet demand for our products; interruptions in our supply of raw materials; product defects; business risks not covered by insurance and exposure to other litigation claims; interruption to our computer systems; competition for and loss of management and key personnel; international risks, including but not limited to, compliance with product registration requirements, exposure to currency exchange fluctuations and foreign currency exchange risk sharing arrangements, longer payment cycles, lower selling prices and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, reduced protection of intellectual property rights, political and economic instability, taxes, and diversion of lower priced international products into U.S. markets; our significant debt service requirements; the possibility that we may incur additional indebtedness dilution resulting from future sales of our equity; volatility in our stock price; provisions in our charter documents, Delaware law and our Convertible Senior Notes that might delay or impede stockholder actions with respect to business combinations or similar transactions; and our intention of not paying dividends. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “might,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “goal,” “project,” “strategy,” “future,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. The risks described under “Risk Factors” in reports and registration statements that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time should be carefully considered. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date of this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision or update of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 

Continue reading text version or see original annual report in PDF format above