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Support.ComQUINSTREET, INC FORM 10-K (Annual Report) Filed 08/19/16 for the Period Ending 06/30/16 Address Telephone CIK 950 TOWER LANE, 6TH FLOOR FOSTER CITY, CA 94404 650-578-7700 0001117297 Symbol QNST SIC Code Industry Sector Fiscal Year 7389 - Business Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Business Services Services 06/30 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2016, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K xxANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016ORooTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934Commission file number: 001-34628 QuinStreet, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware77-0512121(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)950 Tower Lane, 6th FloorFoster City, California 94404(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)(650) 587-7700(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, par value $0.001 per shareThe NASDAQ Stock Market LLC(NASDAQ Global Select Market)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No xIndicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No xIndicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past90 days. Yes x No oIndicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to besubmitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post suchfiles). Yes x No oIndicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best ofregistrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitionsof “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filero Accelerated filerxNon-accelerated filero(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting companyoIndicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No xAs of December 31, 2015, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing sale price of the Company’scommon stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date, was $154,813,333. For purposes of this disclosure, shares held by persons who hold more than5% of the outstanding shares of common stock and shares held by executive officers and directors of the registrant have been excluded because such persons may be deemed tobe affiliates. This determination of executive officer or affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of August 12, 2016: 45,750,455Documents Incorporated by Reference:Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2016 annual stockholders’ meeting are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Reporton Form 10-K where indicated. QUINSTREET, INC.FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2016TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I. Item 1.Business3Item 1A.Risk Factors8Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments25Item 2.Properties25Item 3.Legal Proceedings25Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures25 PART II. Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities26Item 6.Selected Consolidated Financial Data28Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations30Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk43Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data44Item 9.Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure70Item 9A.Controls and Procedures70Item 9B.Other Information71 PART III. Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance71Item 11.Executive Compensation72Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters72Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence72Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services72 PART IV. Item 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules73 Signatures74 2PART ISPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSThis report contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future financialcondition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Terminology such as “believe,” “may,”“might,” “objective,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” or the negative of these terms or othersimilar expressions is intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations andprojections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materiallyfrom those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, those listed in Part 1, Item 1A. “RiskFactors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report, such as but not limited to: ·our still developing industry and relatively new business model; ·changes in the economic condition, market dynamics, regulatory enforcement or legislative environment affecting our, our third party publishers’,and our clients’ businesses; ·our dependence on the availability and affordability of quality media from third-party publishers and strategic partners; ·our dependence on Internet search companies to attract Internet visitors; ·our ability to accurately forecast our results of operations and appropriately plan our expenses; ·our ability to compete in our industry; ·our ability to manage cyber security risks and costs associated with maintaining a robust security infrastructure; ·our ability to develop our websites to allow Internet visitors to access our websites through mobile devices; ·our ability to develop new services, enhancements and features to meet new demands from our clients; and ·our ability to successfully challenge regulatory audits, investigations or allegations of noncompliance with laws.Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason to conform these statements toactual results or to changes in our expectations. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-lookingstatements, and we qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.Item 1.BusinessOur CompanyWe are a digital performance marketing product and media company. Our approach to proprietary performance marketing technologies allows clients toengage high intent digital media or traffic from a wide range of device types (e.g., mobile, desktop, tablet), in multiple formats or types of media (e.g., searchengines, large and small media properties or websites, email), and in a wide range of cost-per-action, or CPA, forms. These forms of contact are the primary“products” we sell to our clients, and include qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications and customers. We specialize in customer acquisition for clients inhigh value, information-intensive markets, or “verticals,” including financial services, education, business-to-business technology and home services. Our clientsinclude some of the world’s largest companies and brands in those markets. While the majority of our operations and revenue are in North America, we haveemerging businesses in Brazil and India.We generate revenue by delivering measurable online marketing results to our clients. The benefits to our clients include cost-effective and measurablecustomer acquisition costs, as well as management of highly targeted but also highly fragmented online media sources and access to our world-class proprietarytechnologies. We are predominantly paid on a negotiated or market-driven “per lead,” “per click,” or other “per action” basis that aligns with the customeracquisition cost targets of our clients. We bear the cost of paying Internet search companies, third-party publishers, strategic partners and other online mediasources to generate qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications or customers for our clients.Our competitive advantages include our media buying power, proprietary technologies, extensive data and experience in performance marketing, andsignificant online media market share in the markets or verticals we serve. Our advantage in online media buying is key to our business model and comes from ourability to effectively segment and match high-intent, unbranded media or3traffic – one of the largest sources of traffic for customer acquisition – to as many a s hundreds of clients or client offerings and, in most cases, to match thosevisitors to multiple clients, which also satisfies the visitor’s desire to choose among alternatives and to shop multiple offerings. Together, the ability to match morevisitors i n any given flow of traffic or media to a client offering, and to do so multiple times, adds up to a significant media buying advantage compared toindividual clients or other buyers for these types of media.Our proprietary technologies have been developed over the past 17 years to allow us to best segment and match media or traffic, to deliver optimized resultsfor our clients and to operate our high volume and highly complex channel cost-efficiently.Our extensive data and experience in performance marketing reflect the execution, knowledge and learning from billions of dollars of media spend on thesecampaigns over time. This is a steep and expensive learning curve. These learnings address millions of permutations of media sources, mix and order of creativeand content merchandising, and approaches to the matching and segmentation of Internet visitors to optimize their experience and the results for clients. Together,these learnings allow us to run thousands of campaigns simultaneously and cost-effectively for our clients at acceptable media costs and margins to us.Because of our deep expertise and capabilities in running financially successful performance marketing programs, we are able to effectively compete forsources and partners of high-intent, unbranded media, and our market share in our client verticals of this media is significant. Our media sources include owned-and-operated organic or search engine optimization (“SEO”) websites, targeted search engine marketing (“SEM”) or pay-per-click campaigns, social media andmobile programs, internal email databases, call center operations, partnerships with large and small online media companies, and more. Our collective mediapresence results in engagement with a significant share of online visitors in those markets or verticals, which leads us to be included in client online media buys.We were incorporated in California on April 16, 1999 and reincorporated in Delaware on December 31, 2009. We have been a pioneer in the developmentand application of measurable marketing on the Internet. Clients pay us for the actual opt-in actions by visitors or customers that result from our marketingactivities on their behalf, versus traditional impression-based advertising and marketing models in which an advertiser pays for a broad audience’s exposure to anadvertisement.Market OpportunityChange in marketing strategy and approachWe believe that marketing approaches are changing as budgets shift from offline, analog advertising media to digital advertising media such as Internetmarketing. These changing approaches require a shift to fundamentally new competencies, including:From qualitative, impression-driven marketing to analytic, data-driven marketingGrowth in Internet marketing is enabling a more data-driven approach to advertising. The measurability of online marketing allows marketers to collect asignificant amount of detailed data on the performance of their marketing campaigns, including the effectiveness of ad format and placement and user responses.This data can then be analyzed and used to improve marketing campaign performance and cost-effectiveness on substantially shorter cycle times than withtraditional offline media.From account management-based client relationships to results-based client relationshipsMarketers are becoming increasingly focused on strategies that deliver specific, measurable results. For example, marketers are attempting to betterunderstand how their marketing spending produces measurable objectives such as meeting their target marketing cost per new customer. As marketers adopt moreresults-based approaches, the basis of client relationships with their marketing services providers is shifting from being more account management-based to beingmore results-oriented.From marketing messages pushed on audiences to marketing messages pulled by self-directed audiencesTraditional marketing messages such as television and radio advertisements are broadcast to a broad audience. The Internet is enabling more self-directedand targeted marketing. For example, when Internet visitors click on PPC search advertisements, they are expressing an interest in and proactively engaging withinformation about a product or service related to that advertisement. The growth of self-directed marketing, primarily through online channels, allows marketers topresent more targeted and potentially more relevant marketing messages to potential customers who have taken the first step in the buying process, which can inturn increase the effectiveness of marketers’ spending.4From marketing spending focused on large media buy s to marketing spending optimized for fragmented mediaWe believe that media is becoming increasingly fragmented and that marketing strategies are changing to adapt to this trend. There are millions of Internetwebsites, tens of thousands of which have significant numbers of visitors. While this fragmentation can create challenges for marketers, it also allows for improvedaudience segmentation and the delivery of highly targeted marketing messages, but innovative technologies and approaches are necessary to effectively managemarketing given the increasing complexity resulting from more media fragmentation.Increasing complexity of online marketingOnline marketing is a dynamic and increasingly complex advertising medium. There are numerous online channels for marketers to reach potentialcustomers, including search engines, Internet portals, vertical content websites, affiliate networks, display and contextual ad networks, email, video advertising, andsocial media. We refer to these and other marketing channels as media. Each of these channels may involve multiple ad formats and different pricing models,amplifying the complexity of online marketing. We believe that this complexity increases the demand for our vertical marketing and media services due to ourcapabilities and to our experience managing and optimizing online marketing programs across multiple channels. Also, marketers and agencies often lack ourability to aggregate offerings from multiple clients in the same industry vertical, an approach that allows us to cover a wide selection of visitor segments andprovide more potential matches to visitor needs. This approach can allow us to convert more Internet visitors into qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls,applications, or customers from targeted media sources, giving us an advantage when buying or monetizing that media.Our Business ModelWe deliver measurable and cost-effective marketing results to our clients most typically in the form of a qualified lead, inquiry, click, call, application orcustomer. Leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, and applications can then convert into a customer or sale for clients at a rate that results in an acceptable marketing cost tothem. We are paid typically by clients when we deliver qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers as defined by our agreements with them.References to the delivery of customers means a sale or completed customer transaction (e.g., bound insurance policies or customer appointments with clients).Because we bear the costs of media, our programs must result in attractive marketing costs to our clients at media costs and margins that provide sound financialoutcomes for us. To deliver leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, and customers to our clients, generally we: •own or access targeted media through business arrangements (e.g., revenue sharing arrangements) or by purchasing media (e.g., clicks from major searchengines); •run advertisements or other forms of marketing messages and programs in that media to create visitor responses in the form most typically of leads orinquiries (e.g., contact information), clicks (to further qualification or matching steps, or to online client applications or offerings), calls (to our owned andoperated call centers or that of our clients or their agents), applications (e.g., for enrollment or a financial product), or customers (e.g., bound insurancepolicies); •match these leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers to client offerings or brands that we believe can meet visitor interests or needs andclient targets and requirements; and •optimize client matches and media costs such that we achieve desired results for clients and a sound financial outcome for us.Media cost, or the cost to attract targeted Internet visitors, is the largest cost input to producing the measurable marketing results we deliver to clients.Balancing our clients’ customer acquisition cost and conversion objectives — or the rate at which the leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, or applications that we deliver tothem convert into customers — with our media costs and yield objectives, represents the primary challenge in our business model. We have been able to effectivelybalance these competing demands by focusing on our media sources and creative capabilities, developing proprietary technologies and optimization capabilities,and working to constantly improve segmentation and matching of visitors to clients through the application of our extensive data and experience in performancemarketing. We also seek to mitigate media cost risk by working with third-party publishers and media owners predominantly on a revenue-share basis, whichmakes these costs variable and provides for risk management. Media purchased on a revenue-share basis has represented the majority of our media costs and of theInternet visitors we convert into qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers for clients, contributing significantly to our ability to maintainprofitability.Media and Internet visitor mixWe are a client-driven organization. We seek to be one of the largest providers of measurable marketing results on the Internet in the client industry verticalswe serve by meeting the needs of clients for results, reliability and volume. Meeting those client needs requires that we maintain a diversified and flexible mix ofInternet visitor sources due to the dynamic nature of online media. Our5media mix changes with changes in Internet visitor usage patterns. We adapt to those changes on an ongoing basis, and also proactively adjust our mix of verticalmedia sources to respond to c lient or vertical-specific circumstances and to achieve our financial objectives. Generally, our Internet visitor sources include: ·websites owned and operated by us, with content and offerings that are relevant to our clients’ target customers; ·visitors acquired from PPC advertisements purchased on major search engines and sent to our websites; ·third-party publishers (including strategic partners) with whom we have a relationship and whose content or traffic is relevant to our clients’ targetcustomers; ·email lists owned by us or by third-parties; and ·advertisements run through online advertising networks, directly with major websites or portals, social media networks, or mobile networks.Our StrategyOur goal is to continue to be one of the largest and most successful performance marketing companies on the Internet, and eventually in other digitizedmedia forms. We believe that we are in the early stages of a very large and long-term market opportunity. Our strategy for pursuing this opportunity includes thefollowing key components: ·focus on generating sustainable revenues by providing measurable value to our clients; ·build QuinStreet and our industry sustainably by behaving ethically in all we do and by providing quality content and website experiences to Internetvisitors; ·remain vertically focused, choosing to grow through depth, expertise and coverage in our current client verticals; enter new client verticalsselectively over time, organically and through acquisitions; ·build a world class organization, with best-in-class capabilities for delivering measurable marketing results to clients and high yields or returns onmedia costs; ·develop and evolve the best technologies and platform for managing vertical marketing and media on the Internet; focus on technologies thatenhance media yield, improve client results and achieve scale efficiencies; ·build, buy and partner with vertical content websites that provide the most relevant and highest quality visitor experiences in the client and mediaverticals we serve; and ·be a client-driven organization and develop a broad set of media sources and capabilities to reliably meet client needs.ClientsIn fiscal year 2016, we had one client, The Progressive Corporation, that accounted for 12% of net revenue. No other client accounted for 10% or more ofnet revenue in fiscal year 2016 and no client accounted for 10% or more of net revenue in fiscal years 2015 or 2014. Our top 20 clients accounted for 48%, 45%and 52% of net revenue in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Since our service was first offered in 2001, we have developed a broad client base with many multi-year relationships. We enter into Internet marketing contracts with our clients, most of which are cancelable with little or no prior notice. In addition, thesecontracts do not contain penalty provisions for cancellation before the end of the contract term.Sales and MarketingWe have an internal sales team that consists of employees focused on signing new clients and account managers who maintain and seek to increase ourbusiness with existing clients. Our sales people and account managers are each focused on a particular client vertical so that they develop an expertise in themarketing needs of our clients in that particular vertical.Technology and InfrastructureWe have developed a suite of technologies to manage, improve and measure the results of the marketing programs we offer our clients. We use acombination of proprietary and third-party software as well as hardware from established technology vendors. We use specialized software for client management,building and managing websites, acquiring and managing media, managing our third-party publishers, and the matching of Internet visitors to our marketingclients. We have invested significantly in these technologies and plan to continue to do so to meet the demands of our clients and Internet visitors, to increase thescalability of our operations, and enhance management information systems and analytics in our operations. Our development teams work closely with ourmarketing6and operating teams to develop applications and systems that can be used across our business. In fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, we spent $16.4 million, $17.9million and $19.5 million on product development.Our primary data center is at a third-party co-location center in San Francisco, California. All of the critical components of the system are redundant, and wehave a backup data center in Las Vegas, Nevada. We have implemented these backup systems and redundancies to minimize the risk associated with earthquakes,fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, and other events beyond our control.Intellectual PropertyWe rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright laws in the United States and other jurisdictions together with confidentialityagreements and technical measures to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary rights. To protect our trade secrets, we control access to our proprietary systemsand technology and enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and confidentiality agreements with otherthird-parties. QuinStreet is a registered trademark in the United States and other jurisdictions. We also have registered and unregistered trademarks for the names ofmany of our websites, and we own the domain registrations for many of our website domains.Our CompetitorsOur primary competition falls into two categories: advertising and direct marketing services agencies, and online marketing and media companies. Wecompete for business on the basis of a number of factors including return on marketing expenditures, price, access to targeted media, ability to deliver largevolumes or precise types of customer prospects, and reliability.Advertising and direct marketing services agenciesOnline and offline advertising and direct marketing services agencies control the majority of the large client marketing spending for which we primarilycompete. So, while they are sometimes our competitors, agencies are also often our clients. We compete with agencies to attract marketing budget or spending fromoffline forms to the Internet or, once designated to be spent online, to be spent with us versus the agency or by the agency with others. When spending online,agencies spend with us and with portals, other websites and ad networks.Online marketing and media companiesWe compete with other Internet marketing and media companies, in many forms, for online marketing budgets. Most of these competitors compete with usin one vertical. Examples include BankRate in the financial services client vertical and Education Dynamics in the education client vertical. Some of ourcompetition also comes from agencies or clients spending directly with larger websites or portals, including Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft.Government RegulationWe provide services through a number of different online and offline channels. As a result, we are subject to many federal and state laws and regulations,including restrictions on the use of unsolicited commercial email, such as the CAN-SPAM Act and state email marketing laws, and restrictions on the use ofmarketing activities conducted by telephone, including the Telemarketing Sales Rule (the “TSR”) and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”). Ourbusiness is also subject to federal and state laws and regulations regarding unsolicited commercial email, telemarketing, user privacy, search engines, Internettracking technologies, direct marketing, data security, data privacy, pricing, sweepstakes, promotions, intellectual property ownership and infringement, tradesecrets, export of encryption technology, acceptable content and quality of goods, and taxation, among others.In addition, we provide services to a number of our clients that operate in highly regulated industries, particularly in our financial services and educationverticals. In our financial services vertical, our websites and marketing services are subject to various federal, state and local laws, including state licensing laws,federal and state laws prohibiting unfair acts and practices, and federal and state advertising laws. In addition, we are a licensed insurance agent in all fifty states. Inour education client vertical, nearly all of the revenue is generated from post-secondary education institutions. Post-secondary education institutions are subject toextensive federal and state regulations and accrediting agency standards, including the Higher Education Act of 1965 as amended (the “HEA”), Department ofEducation regulations under the HEA, individual state higher education regulations, as well as regulations of the Federal Trade Commission and Consumer FinanceProtection Bureau and other federal agencies. Such state and federal regulations govern many aspects of these clients’ operations, including marketing andrecruiting activities, as well as the school’s eligibility to participate in Title IV federal student financial aid programs, which is the principal source of funding formany of our education clients. Although we are not an institution of higher education, we may be required to comply with such education laws and regulations as aresult of our role as a vendor to higher education students, either directly or indirectly through our contractual arrangements with clients. Since 2010, there havebeen significant additions and changes to these regulations and increasing7enforcement of them by regulators. In addition, Congress is considering changes to the HEA, resulting in increased scrutiny and deman ds for increasedaccountability in the education vertical. These changes may place additional regulatory burdens on post-secondary schools generally, and specific initiatives maybe targeted at companies like us that serve higher education. A particularly high level of regulatory and legislative scrutiny has been focused on for-profit highereducation institutions, several of which are clients. The costs of compliance with these regulations and new laws may increase in the future and any failure on ourpart to comply with such laws may subject us to significant liabilities.EmployeesAs of June 30, 2016, we had 601 employees, which consisted of 177 employees in product development, 54 in sales and marketing, 42 in general andadministration and 328 in operations. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, except for our employees in Brazil who are represented by a unionas required by Brazilian law.Available InformationWe file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, currentreports on Form 8-K and other filings required by the SEC. We make these reports and filings available free of charge on our website via the investor relations pageon www.quinstreet.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. We also webcast our earningscalls and certain events we host with members of the investment community on our investor relations page at http://investor.quinstreet.com. The content of ourwebsite is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document we file, and any reference to this website and othersincluded in this report is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Thepublic may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site(http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Item 1A.Risk FactorsInvesting in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in thisperiodic report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that wecurrently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business,financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In those cases, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all orpart of your investment.Risks Related to Our Business and IndustryWe operate in an industry that is still developing and have a relatively new business model that is continually evolving, which makes it difficult to evaluate ourbusiness and prospects.We derive nearly all of our revenue from the sale of online marketing and media services, which is still a developing industry that has undergone rapid anddramatic changes in its relatively short history and which is characterized by rapidly-changing Internet media and advertising technology, evolving industrystandards, regulatory uncertainty, and changing user and client demands. As a result, we face risks and uncertainties such as but not limited to: ·our still developing industry and relatively new business model; ·changes in the economic condition, market dynamics, regulatory enforcement or legislative environment affecting our, our third-party publishers’,and our clients’ businesses; ·our dependence on the availability and affordability of quality media from third-party publishers and strategic partners; ·our dependence on Internet search companies to attract Internet visitors; ·our ability to accurately forecast our results of operations and appropriately plan our expenses; ·our ability to compete in our industry; ·our ability to manage cyber security risks and costs associated with maintaining a robust security infrastructure; ·our ability to develop our websites to allow Internet visitors to access our websites through mobile devices;8 ·our ability to develop new services, enhancements and features to meet new demands from our clients; a nd ·our ability to successfully challenge regulatory audits, investigations or allegations of noncompliance with laws.If we are unable to address these risks, our business, results of operations and prospects could suffer.Negative changes in the market conditions or the regulatory environment have had in the past, and may in the future have, a material and adverse impact onour revenue, business and growth.Adverse macroeconomic conditions could cause decreases or delays in spending by our clients and could harm our ability to generate revenue and ourresults of operations. Moreover, to date, we have generated a large majority of our revenue from clients in our financial services and education client verticals. Weexpect that a majority of our revenue, at least in the near term, will continue to be generated from clients in our financial services and education client verticals.Changes in the market conditions or the regulatory environment in these two highly-regulated client verticals in particular have negatively impacted, and maycontinue to negatively impact, our clients’ businesses, marketing practices and budgets and, therefore, our financial results.Our, our third-party publishers’, and our clients’ businesses operate in highly regulated industries, subject to many laws and regulatory requirements,including federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding unsolicited commercial email, telemarketing, user privacy, search engines, Internet trackingtechnologies, direct marketing, data security, data privacy, pricing, sweepstakes, promotions, intellectual property ownership and infringement, trade secrets, exportof encryption technology, acceptable content and quality of goods, and taxation, among others. Each of our financial services, education and other client verticals isalso subject to various laws and regulations, and our marketing activities on behalf of our clients are regulated. Many of these laws are frequently changing, andkeeping our business in compliance with or bringing our business into compliance with new laws may be costly, affect our revenue and harm our financial results.Violations or alleged violations of laws by us, our third-party publishers or clients could result in damages, fines, criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, andrestrictions on our ability to operate, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition,new laws or regulations or changes in enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our clients could affect the activities or strategies of our clients and,therefore, lead to reductions in their level of business with us.For example, the Federal Communications Commission amended the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”) that affects telemarketing calls.Certain provisions of the regulations became effective in July 2012, and additional regulations requiring prior express written consent for certain types oftelemarketing calls became effective in October 2013. Our efforts to comply with the TCPA has not had a material impact on traffic conversion rates. However,depending on future traffic and product mix, it could potentially have a material effect on our revenue and profitability, including increasing our and our clients’exposure to enforcement actions and litigation. Additionally, we generate leads from which users provide a phone number, and a significant amount of revenuecomes from calls made by our internal call centers as well as, in some cases, by third-party publishers’ call centers. We also purchase a portion of our lead datafrom third-party publishers and cannot guarantee that these third-parties will comply with the regulations. Any failure by us or the third-party publishers on whichwe rely for telemarketing, email marketing, and other lead generation activities to adhere to or successfully implement appropriate processes and procedures inresponse to existing regulations and changing regulatory requirements could result in legal and monetary liability, significant fines and penalties, or damage to ourreputation in the marketplace, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Furthermore, ourclients may make business decisions based on their own experiences with the TCPA regardless of our products and the changes we implemented to comply with thenew regulations. These decisions may negatively affect our revenue or profitability.In connection with our owned and our third-party publishers’ email campaigns to generate traffic for our clients, we are subject to various state and Federallaws regulating commercial email communications, including the federal CAN-SPAM Act. For example, in 2012, several of our clients were named defendants in aCalifornia Anti-Spam lawsuit relating to commercial emails which allegedly originated from us and our third-party publishers. While the matter was ultimatelyresolved in our clients’ favor, we were nonetheless obligated to indemnify certain of our clients for the fees incurred in the defense of such matter. If we or any ofour third-party publishers fail to comply with any provisions of these laws or regulations, we could be subject to regulatory investigation, enforcement actions, andlitigation, as well as indemnification obligations with respect to our clients. Any negative outcomes from such regulatory actions or litigation, including monetarypenalties or damages, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operation, and reputation.9From time to time, we are subject to audits, inquiries, investigations, claims of non-compliance and lawsuits by federal and state governmental agencies,regulatory agencies, attorney s general, and other governmental or regulatory bodies, any of whom may allege violations of legal requirements. For example, inJune 2012, we entered into an Assurance of Voluntary Compliance agreement following a civil investigation into certain of our m arketing practices related to oureducation client vertical that was conducted by the attorneys general of a number of states. If the results of any future investigations, audits, inquiries, claims orlitigation are unfavorable to us, we may be required to pay monetary fines or penalties or have restrictions placed on our business, which could materially adverselyaffect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.Federal and state regulations and increased oversight of clients in our education vertical have negatively affected, and may continue to negatively affect, ourclients’ businesses, marketing practices, and budgets, any or all of which could reduce our clients’ level of business with us and thereby have a materialadverse effect on our financial results.To date, we have generated a large portion of our revenue from our education client vertical, and nearly all of that revenue was generated from post-secondary education institutions. Post-secondary education institutions are subject to extensive federal and state regulations and accrediting standards (including theHigher Education Act, Department of Education regulations and individual state higher education regulations) and oversight by various regulatory enforcementauthorities (including the Department of Education, the Federal Trade Commission, the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau and state attorneys general). Suchregulations govern many aspects of these clients’ operations, including marketing and recruiting activities, as well as private student lending and the school’seligibility to participate in Title IV federal student financial aid programs, which is the principal source of funding for many of our education clients. In addition,there have been significant changes to these regulations in recent years and a high level of regulatory scrutiny and enforcement activity (e.g., investigations of ourclients and other post-secondary education institutions). Heightened regulatory activity and legislative and regulatory scrutiny are expected to continue in the post-secondary education sector. Such activity and scrutiny may have an adverse effect on our operating results as our management may be required to devotesubstantial time and resources to such matters, and such matters may result in lower client marketing spend.For example, in January 2014, the Department of Education initiated an investigation of a U.S. publicly traded for-profit education client with respect to itsenrollment activities and job placement, among other things, and in July 2014, the Department of Education signed an agreement with the client requiring it to winddown or sell its campuses.Similarly, in July 2015, the Federal Trade Commission initiated an investigation of another publicly traded U.S. for-profit education client with respect to itsrecruiting and enrollment practices, and in January 2016, the Federal Trade Commission filed a lawsuit against a different publicly-traded U.S. for-profit educationclient with respect to its advertising practices. Moreover, the Department of Education, the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau, the Federal Trade Commissionand several state attorneys general currently have open investigations with several other post-secondary educational institutions including some of our clients. Inconnection with investigations of our clients’ marketing practices, regulatory authorities may also make requests to us for information, which requests mayconsume substantial time and resources and result in a negative effect on our operating results. These and other similar regulatory and enforcement activities haveaffected, and are expected to continue to affect, our clients’ businesses and marketing practices, which have resulted in, and may continue to result in, a decrease inthese clients’ spending with us and fluctuations in the volume and mix of our business with these clients. This may be the case notwithstanding the fact that we arenot a target of these regulatory investigations or inquiries and the fact that our marketing practices consist largely of utilizing client-provided or client-approvedonline marketing materials subject to client advertising guidelines.In addition, changes in, or new interpretations of, applicable laws, regulations, standards or policies applicable to these clients could have a material adverseeffect on their accreditation, authorization to operate in various states, or receipt of funds under Title IV programs, any of which, in turn, may harm our ability togenerate revenue from these clients and negatively impact our financial results.Finally, although we are not a higher education institution, we are sometimes required to comply with such education laws and regulations as a result of ourrole as a vendor to higher educations, either directly or indirectly through our contractual arrangements with clients. Failure to comply with education laws andregulations could result in breach of contract and indemnification claims against us, subject us to regulatory sanctions and could cause damage to our reputation andimpair our business.10A reduction in online marketing spend by our clients, a loss of clients or lower advertising yields may seriously harm our business, financial condition, andresults of operations. In addition , a substantial portion of our revenue is generated from a limited number of clients and, if we lose a major client, our revenuewill decrease and our business and prospects may be harmed.We rely on clients’ marketing spend on our owned and operated websites and on our network of third-party publisher and strategic partner websites. Wehave historically derived, and we expect to continue to derive, the majority of our revenue through the delivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls,applications, and customers. One component of our platform that we use to generate client interest is our system of monetization tools, which is designed to matchcontent with client offerings in a manner that optimizes revenue yield and end-user experience. Clients will stop spending marketing funds on our owned andoperated websites or our third-party publisher and strategic partner websites if their investments do not generate leads and ultimately users or if we do not deliveradvertisements in an appropriate and effective manner. The failure of our yield-optimized monetization technology to effectively match advertisements or clientofferings with our content in a manner that results in increased revenue for our clients would have an adverse impact on our ability to maintain or increase ourrevenue from client marketing spend.Even if our content is effectively matched with advertisements or client offerings, our current clients may not continue to place marketing spend oradvertisements on our websites. If any of our clients decided not to continue marketing spend or advertising on our owned and operated websites or on our third-party publisher or strategic partner websites, we could experience a rapid decline in our revenue over a relatively short period of time. Any factors that limit theamount our clients are willing to and do spend on marketing or advertising with us, or to purchase leads from us, could have a material adverse effect on ourbusiness.Furthermore, a substantial portion of our revenue is generated from a limited number of clients, including one client that accounted for 12% of our netrevenue in fiscal year 2016. Our clients can generally terminate their contracts with us at any time, and they do not have minimum spend requirements. Clients mayalso fail to renew their contracts or reduce their level of business with us, leading to lower revenue.In addition, reductions in business by one or more significant clients has in the past triggered, and may in the future trigger, price reductions for other clientswhose prices for certain products are determined in whole or in part by client bidding or competition which may reduce our ability to monetize media, furtherdecreasing revenue. Any future such price or volume reductions, or drop in media monetization, could result in lower revenue or margin. We expect that a limitednumber of clients will continue to account for a significant percentage of our revenue, and the loss of any one of these clients, or a material reduction in theirmarketing spending with us, could decrease our revenue and harm our business.We depend on third-party publishers, including strategic partners, for a significant portion of our visitors. Any decline in the supply of media available throughthese websites or increase in the price of this media could cause our revenue to decline or our cost to reach visitors to increase.A significant portion of our revenue is attributable to visitor traffic originating from third-party publishers (including strategic partners). In many instances,third-party publishers can change the media inventory they make available to us at any time and, therefore, impact our results of operations. In addition, third-partypublishers may place significant restrictions on our offerings. These restrictions may prohibit advertisements from specific clients or specific industries, or restrictthe use of certain creative content or formats. If a third-party publisher decides not to make media inventory available to us, or decides to demand a higher revenue-share or places significant restrictions on the use of such inventory, we may not be able to find media inventory from other websites that satisfies our requirementsin a timely and cost-effective manner. In addition, the number of competing online marketing service providers and advertisers that acquire inventory fromwebsites continues to increase. Consolidation of Internet advertising networks and third-party publishers could eventually lead to a concentration of desirableinventory on websites or networks owned by a small number of individuals or entities, which could limit the supply or impact the pricing of inventory available tous. In the past, we have experienced declines in our financial services client vertical primarily due to volume declines caused by losses of available media fromthird-party publishers acquired by competitors, changes in search engine algorithms which reduced or eliminated traffic from some third-party publishers andincreased competition for quality media. We cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire media inventory that meets our clients’ performance, price, andquality requirements, in which case our revenue could decline or our operating costs could increase.We depend upon Internet search companies to direct a significant portion of the visitors to our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites.Changes in search engine algorithms have in the past harmed, and may in the future harm, the websites’ placements in both paid and organic search resultlistings, which may reduce the number of visitors to our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites and as a result, cause our revenue todecline.Our success depends on our ability to attract online visitors to our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites and convert them intocustomers for our clients in a cost-effective manner. We depend on Internet search companies to direct a substantial share of visitors to our owned and operated andour third-party publishers’ websites. Search companies offer two types of11search results: organic and paid listings. Organic listings are displayed based solely on formulas designed by the search companies. Paid listings are displayedbased on a combination of the advertiser’s bid price for particular keywords and the search engines’ assessment of the website’s relevance and quality.Our ability to maintain or grow the number of visitors to our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites from search companies is notentirely within our control. Search companies frequently revise their algorithms and changes in their algorithms have in the past caused, and could in the future,cause our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites to receive less favorable placements. We have experienced fluctuations in organic rankingsfor a number of our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites and some of our paid listing campaigns have also been harmed by search enginealgorithmic changes. Search companies could determine that our or our third-party publishers’ websites’ content is either not relevant or is of poor quality.In addition, we may fail to optimally manage our paid listings, or our proprietary bid management technologies may fail. To attract and retain visitors, weuse search engine optimization (“SEO”) which involves developing content to optimize ranking in search engine results. Our ability to successfully manage SEOefforts across our owned and operated websites and our third-party publishers’ websites depends on our timely and effective modification of SEO practicesimplemented in response to periodic changes in search engine algorithms and methodologies and changes in search query trends. If we fail to successfully manageour SEO strategy, our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites may receive less favorable placement in organic or paid listings, which wouldreduce the number of visitors to our sites, decrease conversion rates and repeat business and have a detrimental effect on our ability to generate revenue. If visits toour owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites decrease, we may need to use more costly sources to replace lost visitors, and such increasedexpense could adversely affect our business and profitability. Even if we succeed in driving traffic to our owned and operated websites, our third-party publishers’websites and to our clients’ websites, we may not be able to effectively monetize this traffic or otherwise retain users. Our failure to do so could result in loweradvertising revenue from our owned and operated websites as well as third-party publishers’ websites, which would have an adverse effect on our business,financial condition, and results of operations.If we fail to continually enhance and adapt our products and services to keep pace with rapidly changing technologies and industry standards, we may notremain competitive and could lose clients or advertising inventory.The online media and marketing industry is characterized by rapidly changing standards, changing technologies, frequent new product and serviceintroductions, and changing user and client demands. The introduction of new technologies and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of newindustry standards and practices could render our existing technologies and services obsolete and unmarketable or require unanticipated investments in technology.We continually make enhancements and other modifications to our proprietary technologies, and these changes may contain design or performance defects that arenot readily apparent. If our proprietary technologies fail to achieve their intended purpose or are less effective than technologies used by our competitors, ourbusiness could be harmed.Our future success will depend in part on our ability to successfully adapt to these rapidly changing online media formats and other technologies. If we failto adapt successfully, we could lose clients or advertising inventory.Our results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may do so in the future, which makes our results of operations difficult to predict and could cause ourresults of operations to fall short of analysts’ and investors’ expectations.Historically, quarterly and annual results of operations have fluctuated due to changes in our business, our industry, and the general economic andregulatory climate. We expect our future results of operations to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond ourcontrol. Our fluctuating results of operations could cause our performance and outlook to be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, causing theprice of our common stock to decline. Our business is changing and evolving, and, as a result, our historical results of operations may not be useful to you inpredicting our future results of operations. Factors that may increase the volatility of our results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following:12 ·changes in client volume; ·loss of or reduced demand by existing clients; ·the availability and price of quality media; ·consolidation of media sources; ·changes in Internet search engine algorithms that affect our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites; and ·regulatory and legislative changes.As a result of changes in our business model, increased investments, increased expenditures for certain businesses, products, services, and technologies, weanticipate fluctuations in our adjusted EBITDA margin.We have invested and expect to continue to invest in new businesses, products, markets, services and technologies, including more expensive forms ofmedia. For example, we expended significant resources in developing new products and technologies and made strategic outlays in, among other things,partnerships, which in the short term may have the effect of reducing our adjusted EBITDA margin. If we are unsuccessful in our monetization efforts with respectto new products and investments, we may fail to engage and retain users and clients. We may have insufficient revenue to fully offset liabilities and expenses inconnection with these investments and may experience inadequate, unpredictable return of capital on our investments. As a result of these investments, we expectfluctuations in our adjusted EBITDA margin.If we fail to compete effectively against other online marketing and media companies and other competitors, we could lose clients and our revenue may decline.The market for online marketing is intensely competitive, and we expect this competition to continue to increase in the future both from existing competitorsand, given the relatively low barriers to entry into the market, from new competitors. We compete both for clients and for limited high-quality media. We competefor clients on the basis of a number of factors, including return on investment of client’s marketing spending, price, and client service.We compete with Internet and traditional media companies for a share of clients’ overall marketing budgets, including: ·online marketing or media services providers such as BankRate in the financial services client vertical and Education Dynamics in the educationclient vertical; ·offline and online advertising agencies; ·major Internet portals and search engine companies with advertising networks; ·other online marketing service providers, including online affiliate advertising networks and industry-specific portals or lead generation companies; ·digital advertising exchanges, real-time bidding and other programmatic buying channels; ·third-party publishers with their own sales forces that sell their online marketing services directly to clients; ·in-house marketing groups and activities at current or potential clients; ·offline direct marketing agencies; ·mobile and social media; and ·television, radio, and print companies.13Competition for web traffic among websites and search engines, as well as competition with traditional media companies, has resulted and may continue toresult in significant increases in media pricing, declining margins, reductions in revenue, and loss of market share. In addition, if we expand the scope of ourservices, we may compete with a greater number of websites, clien ts, and traditional media companies across an increasing range of different services, including invertical markets where competitors may have advantages in expertise, brand recognition, and other areas. Internet search companies with brand recognition, su chas Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft, have significant numbers of direct sales personnel and substantial proprietary advertising inventory and web traffic that provide asignificant competitive advantage and have a significant impact on pricing for Internet advertising and web traffic. Some of these companies may offer or developmore vertically targeted products that match users with products and services and, thus, compete with us more directly. For example, Google’s search engineprovides comparison shoppi ng for insurance and other financial products, which could in the future compete directly with our comparison platforms, divert ourusers and ultimately our clients, and result in a significant loss of revenue for our financial services vertical. The trend toward consolidation in online marketingmay also affect pricing and availability of media inventory and web traffic. Many of our current and potential competitors also have other competitive advantagesover us, such as longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger client bases, greater access to advertising inventory on high-traffic websites, andsignificantly greater financial, technical, and marketing resources. As a result, we may not be able to compete successfully. Competition from ot her marketingservice providers’ online and offline offerings has affected and may continue to affect both volume and price, and, thus, revenue, profit margins, and profitability.If we fail to deliver results that are superior to those that other online m arketing service providers deliver to clients, we could lose clients and market share, and ourrevenue may decline.We are exposed to online security risks and security breaches particularly given that we gather, transmit and store personally identifiable information.Unauthorized access to or accidental disclosure of confidential or proprietary data may cause us to incur significant expenses and may negatively affect ourreputation and business.Nearly all of our products and services are web-based, and online performance marketing is data-driven. As a result, the amount of data stored on ourservers has been increasing. We gather, transmit, and store information about our users and marketing and media partners, including personally identifiableinformation. This information may include social security numbers, credit scores, credit card information, and financial and health information, some of which isheld or managed by our third-party vendors. As a result, we are subject to certain contractual terms, including third-party security reviews, as well as federal, stateand foreign laws and regulations designed to protect personally identifiable information. Complying with these contractual terms and various laws could cause us toincur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Despite our implementation of security measures andcontrols, our information technology and infrastructure are susceptible to electronic or physical computer break-ins, cyber attacks, malware, viruses, fraud,employee error, and other disruptions and security breaches that could result in third-parties gaining unauthorized access to our systems and data. In addition, theincreased use of mobile devices increases the risk of unintentional disclosure of data including personally identifiable information. We may be unable to anticipateall our vulnerabilities and implement adequate preventative measures and, in some cases, we may not be able to immediately detect a security incident. In the past,we have experienced security incidents involving access to our databases. Although to our knowledge no sensitive financial or personal information has beencompromised and no statutory breach notification has been required, any future security incidents could result in the compromise of such data and subject us toliability or remediation expense or result in cancellation of client contracts. Any security incident may also result in a misappropriation of our proprietaryinformation or that of our users, clients, and third-party publishers, which could result in legal and financial liability, as well as harm to our reputation. Anycompromise of our security could limit the adoption of our products and services and have an adverse effect on our business.Privacy concerns relating to our data collection practices and any perceived or actual unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information, whetherthrough breach of our network by an unauthorized party, employee theft, misuse, or error could harm our reputation, impair our ability to attract website visitorsand to attract and retain our clients, result in a loss of confidence in the security of our products and services, or subject us to claims or litigation arising fromdamages suffered by consumers, and thereby harm our business and results of operations. In addition, we could incur significant costs for which our insurancepolicies may not adequately cover us and expend significant resources in protecting against security breaches and complying with the multitude of state, federal andforeign laws regarding data privacy and data breach notification obligations.More people are using mobile devices to access the Internet. If we fail to develop our websites to keep pace with this shift in user devices, we may not remaincompetitive and could lose clients or advertising inventory.The number of people who access the Internet through mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets has increased dramatically in the past few years, andwe expect the trend to continue. Our online marketing services and content were originally designed for desktop or laptop computers. The shift from desktop orlaptop computers to mobile devices could potentially deteriorate the user experience for visitors to our websites and may make it more difficult for visitors torespond to our offerings. It also requires us to develop new offerings specifically designed for mobile devices, such as social media advertising opportunities.Additionally, the monetization of our online marketing services and content on these mobile devices might not be as lucrative for us compared to those14on desktop and laptop computers. If we fail to develop our websites cost effectively and improve the monetization capabilities of our mobile marketing services, wemay not remain competitive, which may negatively affect our business and results of operations.We rely on our management team and other key employees, and the loss of one or more key employees could harm our business.Our success and future growth depend upon the continued services of our management team, including Douglas Valenti, Chief Executive Officer, and otherkey employees in all areas of our organization. From time to time, there may be changes in our key employees resulting from the hiring or departure of executivesand employees, which could disrupt our business. We have experienced declines in our business and a depressed stock price, making our equity and cash incentivecompensation programs less attractive to current and potential key employees. If we lose the services of key employees or if we are unable to attract and retainadditional qualified employees, our business and growth could suffer.Third-party publishers, strategic partners, vendors, or their respective affiliates may engage in unauthorized or unlawful acts that could subject us tosignificant liability or cause us to lose clients and revenue.We generate a significant portion of our web visitors from online media that we source directly from our third-party publishers’ and strategic partners’owned and operated websites, as well as indirectly from the affiliates of our third-party publishers and strategic partners. We also rely on third-party call centersand email marketers. Some of these third-parties, strategic partners, vendors, and their respective affiliates are authorized to use our clients’ brands, subject tocontractual restrictions. Any activity by third-party publishers, strategic partners, vendors, or their respective affiliates which violates the marketing guidelines ofour clients or that clients view as potentially damaging to their brands (e.g., search engine bidding on client trademarks), whether or not permitted by our contractswith our clients, could harm our relationship with the client and cause the client to terminate its relationship with us, resulting in a loss of revenue. Moreover,because we do not have a direct contractual relationship with the affiliates of our third-party publishers and strategic partners, we may not be able to monitor thecompliance activity of such affiliates. If we are unable to cause our third-party publishers and strategic partners to monitor and enforce our clients’ contractualrestrictions on such affiliates, our clients may terminate their relationships with us or decrease their marketing budgets with us. In addition, we may also faceliability for any failure of our third-party publishers, strategic partners, vendors or their respective affiliates to comply with regulatory requirements, as furtherdescribed in the risk factor beginning, “ Negative changes in the market conditions or the regulatory environment have had in the past, and may in the future have,a material and adverse impact on our revenue, business, and growth. ”The law is unsettled on the extent of liability that an advertiser in our position has for the activities of third-party publishers, strategic partners, or vendors.Department of Education regulations impose liability on our education clients for misrepresentations made by their marketing service providers. In addition, certainof our contracts impose liability on us, including indemnification obligations, for the acts of our third-party publishers, strategic partners, or vendors. We could besubject to costly litigation and, if we are unsuccessful in defending ourselves, we could incur damages for the unauthorized or unlawful acts of third-partypublishers, strategic partners, or vendors.We rely on certain advertising agencies for the purchase of various advertising and marketing services on behalf of their clients. Such agencies may have ordevelop high-risk credit profiles, which may result in credit risk to us.A portion of our client business is sourced through advertising agencies and, in many cases, we contract with these agencies and not directly with theunderlying client. Contracting with these agencies subjects us to greater credit risk than where we contract with clients directly. In many cases, agencies are notrequired to pay us unless and until they are paid by the underlying client. In addition, many agencies are thinly capitalized and have or may develop high-risk creditprofiles. This credit risk may vary depending on the nature of an agency’s aggregated client base. If an agency were to become insolvent, or if an underlying clientdid not pay the agency, we may be required to write off account receivables as bad debt. Any such write-offs could have a materially negative effect on our resultsof operations for the periods in which the write-offs occur.Damage to our reputation could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our business is dependent on attracting a large number of visitors to our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’ websites and providing leads,inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, and customers to our clients, which depends in part on our reputation within the industry and with our clients. Certain othercompanies within our industry regularly engage in activities that others may view as unlawful or inappropriate. These activities by third-parties, such as spyware ordeceptive promotions, may be seen as characteristic of participants in our industry and may therefore harm the reputation of all participants in our industry,including us.Our ability to attract potential users and, thereby, clients, also depends in part on users receiving competitive levels of customer service, responsiveness andprices from our clients. If our clients do not provide competitive levels of service to users, our reputation and therefore our ability to attract additional clients andusers could be harmed.15In addition, from time to time, we may be subject to investigations, inquiries or litigation by various regulators, which may harm our reputation regardless ofthe outcome of any such action. F or example, in 2012 we responded to a civil investigation conducted by the attorneys general of a number of states into certain ofour marketing and business practices resulting in us entering into an Assurance of Voluntary Compliance agreement. Negative p erceptions of our business mayresult in additional regulation, enforcement actions by the government and increased litigation, any of which may affect our business and result in lower revenue.We also believe that building brand awareness is important to achieving increased demand for certain of our products and services. Accordingly, we havededicated, and expect to continue to dedicate, significant operating capital and resources to building brand awareness, which may not be successful. Our failure tobuild brand awareness may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain clients in a cost-effective manner and as a result, our business, financial condition andresults of operations.Any damage to our reputation, including from publicity from legal proceedings against us or companies that work within our industry, governmentalproceedings, consumer class action litigation, or the disclosure of information security breaches or private information misuse, could adversely affect our business,financial condition and results of operations.If we do not effectively manage any future growth or if we are not able to scale our products quickly enough to meet our clients’ needs, our operatingperformance will suffer and we may lose clients.We have historically experienced growth in our operations and operating locations. This growth has placed, and any future growth will continue to place,significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. Growth, if any, may make it more difficult for us to accomplish thefollowing: ·successfully scaling our technology to accommodate a larger business and integrate acquisitions; ·maintaining our standing with key vendors, including Internet search companies and third-party publishers; ·maintaining our client service standards; and ·developing and improving our operational, financial and management controls and maintaining adequate reporting systems and procedures.Our future success depends in part on the efficient performance of our software and technology infrastructure. As the numbers of websites and Internet usersincrease, our technology infrastructure may not be able to meet the increased demand. Unexpected constraints on our technology infrastructure could lead to slowerwebsite response times or system failures and adversely affect the availability of websites and the level of user responses received, which could result in the loss ofclients or revenue or harm to our business and results of operations.In addition, our personnel, systems, procedures, and controls may be inadequate to support our future operations. The improvements required to managegrowth may require us to make significant expenditures, expand, train and manage our employee base, and reallocate valuable management resources. We mayspend substantial amounts to purchase or lease data centers and equipment, upgrade our technology and network infrastructure to handle increased traffic on ourowned and operated websites and roll out new products and services. This expansion could be expensive and complex and could result in inefficiencies oroperational failures. If we do not implement this expansion successfully, or if we experience inefficiencies and operational failures during its implementation, thequality of our products and services and our users’ experience could decline. This could damage our reputation and cause us to lose current and potential users andclients. The costs associated with these adjustments to our architecture could harm our operating results. Accordingly, if we fail to effectively manage growth, ouroperating performance will suffer, and we may lose clients, key vendors and key personnel.Interruption or failure of our information technology and communications systems could impair our ability to effectively deliver our services, which couldcause us to lose clients and harm our results of operations.Our delivery of marketing and media services depends on the continuing operation of our technology infrastructure and systems. Any damage to or failureof our systems could result in interruptions in our ability to deliver offerings quickly and accurately or process visitors’ responses emanating from our various webpresences. Interruptions in our service could reduce our revenue and profits, and our reputation could be damaged if users or clients perceive our systems to beunreliable. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, terrorist attacks, floods, fires, power loss, break-ins, hardware orsoftware failures, telecommunications failures, cyber attacks, computer viruses or other attempts to harm our systems, and similar events. If we or third-party datacenters that we utilize were to experience a major power outage, we would have to rely on back-up generators. These back-up generators may not operate properlythrough a major power outage and their fuel supply could also be inadequate during a major power outage or disruptive event. Furthermore, we do not currentlyhave backup generators at our Foster City, California headquarters. Information systems such as ours may be disrupted by even brief power outages, or by thefluctuations in16power resulting from switches to and from back-up generators. This could give rise to obligations to certain of our clients which could have an adverse effect onour results of operations for the period of time in which any disruption of utility services to us occurs.Our primary data center is at a third-party co-location center in San Francisco, California. All of the critical components of the system are redundant and wehave a backup data center in Las Vegas, Nevada. We have implemented these backup systems and redundancies to minimize the risk associated with earthquakes,fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, and other events beyond our control; however, these backup systems may fail or may not be adequate to preventlosses.Any unscheduled interruption in our service would result in an immediate loss of revenue. If we experience frequent or persistent system failures, theattractiveness of our technologies and services to clients and third-party publishers could be permanently harmed. The steps we have taken to increase the reliabilityand redundancy of our systems are expensive, reduce our operating margin and may not be successful in reducing the frequency or duration of unscheduledinterruptions.Acquisitions and investments could complicate operations, or could result in dilution and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our businessand results of operations.Acquisitions have historically been an important element of our overall corporate strategy and use of capital. Any possible future acquisitions or investmentscould be material to our financial condition and results of operations. We may evaluate and enter into discussions regarding a wide array of potential strategictransactions. The process of integrating an acquired company, business or technology has created, and will continue to create, unforeseen operating difficulties andexpenditures. Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us tofail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities and harm our business generally.Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses,impairment of goodwill or restructuring charges, any of which could harm our financial condition or results. Also, the anticipated benefit of many of ouracquisitions may not materialize.We rely on call centers, Internet and data center providers, and other third-parties for key aspects of the process of providing services to our clients, and anyfailure or interruption in the services and products provided by these third-parties could harm our business.We rely on internal and third-party call centers as well as third-party vendors, data centers and Internet providers. Notwithstanding disaster recovery andbusiness continuity plans and precautions instituted to protect our clients and us from events that could interrupt delivery of services, there is no guarantee that suchinterruptions would not result in a prolonged interruption in our ability to provide services to our clients. Any temporary or permanent interruption in the servicesprovided by our call centers or third-party providers could significantly harm our business.In addition, any financial or other difficulties our third-party providers face may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which wecannot predict. We exercise little control over our third-party vendors, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide. We licensetechnology and related databases from third-parties to facilitate analysis and storage of data and delivery of offerings. We have experienced interruptions anddelays in service and availability for data centers, bandwidth and other technologies in the past. Any errors, failures, interruptions or delays experienced inconnection with these third-party technologies and services could adversely affect our business and could expose us to liabilities to third-parties.We may need additional capital in the future to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives. Additional capital may not be available ormay not be available on favorable terms and our business and financial condition could therefore be adversely affected.While we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with availability under our revolving loan facility and cash from operations, will besufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, we may need to raise additional capital, including debt capital, to fund operations in the future or tofinance acquisitions. If we seek to raise additional capital in order to meet various objectives, including developing future technologies and services, increasingworking capital, acquiring businesses, and responding to competitive pressures, capital may not be available on favorable terms or may not be available at all. Inaddition, our revolving loan facility limits the incurrence of additional indebtedness and is secured by substantially all of our assets, leaving us with limitedcollateral for additional financing. Lack of sufficient capital resources could significantly limit our ability to take advantage of business and strategic opportunities.Any additional capital raised through the sale of equity or debt securities with an equity component would dilute our stock ownership. If adequate additional fundsare not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate material parts of our business strategy, including potential additional acquisitionsor development of new technologies.17Our quarterly revenue and results of operations may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter due to fluctuations in advertising spending, includingseasonal and cyclical effects.In addition to other factors that cause our results of operations to fluctuate, results are also subject to significant seasonal fluctuation. In particular, ourquarters ending December 31 (our second fiscal quarter) are typically characterized by seasonal weakness. During that quarter, there is generally lower availabilityof lead supply from some forms of media during the holiday period on a cost effective basis and some of our clients have lower budgets. In our quarters endingMarch 31 (our third fiscal quarter), this trend generally reverses with better lead availability and often new budgets at the beginning of the year for our clients withfiscal years ending December 31.Furthermore, advertising spend on the Internet, similar to traditional media, tends to be cyclical and discretionary as a result of factors beyond our control,including budgetary constraints and buying patterns of clients, as well as economic conditions affecting the Internet and media industry. Poor macroeconomicconditions could decrease our clients’ advertising spending and thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.If the market for online marketing services fails to continue to develop, our success may be limited, and our revenue may decrease.The online marketing services market is relatively new and rapidly evolving, and it uses different measurements from traditional media to gauge itseffectiveness. Some of our current or potential clients have little or no experience using the Internet for advertising and marketing purposes and have allocated onlylimited portions of their advertising and marketing budgets to the Internet. The adoption of online marketing, particularly by those companies that have historicallyrelied upon traditional media for advertising, requires the acceptance of a new way of conducting business, exchanging information and evaluating new advertisingand marketing technologies and services.In particular, we are dependent on our clients’ adoption of new metrics to measure the success of online marketing campaigns. Certain of our metrics aresubject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. Wepresent key metrics such as cost-per-click, cost-per-lead and cost-per-acquisition, some of which are calculated using internal data. We periodically review andrefine some of our methodologies for monitoring, gathering, and calculating these metrics. While our metrics are based on what we believe to be reasonablemeasurements and methodologies, there are inherent challenges in deriving our metrics. In addition, our user metrics may differ from estimates published by third-parties or from similar metrics of our competitors due to differences in methodology. If clients or publishers do not perceive our metrics to be accurate, or if wediscover material inaccuracies in our metrics, it could negatively affect our business model and current or potential clients’ willingness to adopt our metrics.We may also experience resistance from traditional advertising agencies who may be advising our clients. We cannot assure you that the market for onlinemarketing services will continue to grow. If the market for online marketing services fails to continue to develop or develops more slowly than we anticipate, thesuccess of our business may be limited, and our revenue may decrease.If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position and business may suffer.Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our proprietary systems and technology. We rely on patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright law,confidentiality agreements, and technical measures to protect our proprietary rights. We enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants,independent contractors, advisors, client vendors, and publishers. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized disclosure of confidential informationor unauthorized parties from copying aspects of our services or obtaining and using our proprietary information. Further, these agreements may not provide anadequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosures or uses, and we cannot assure you that our rights under such agreements will be enforceable. Effectivepatent, trade secret, copyright, and trademark protection may not be available in all countries where we currently operate or in which we may operate in the future.Some of our systems and technologies are not covered by any copyright, patent or patent application. We cannot guarantee that: (i) our intellectual property rightswill provide competitive advantages to us; (ii) our ability to assert our intellectual property rights against potential competitors or to settle current or future disputeswill be effective; (iii) our intellectual property rights will be enforced in jurisdictions where competition may be intense or where legal protection may be weak;(iv) any of the patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other intellectual property rights that we presently employ in our business will not lapse or beinvalidated, circumvented, challenged, or abandoned; (v) competitors will not design around our protected systems and technology; or (vi) that we will not lose theability to assert our intellectual property rights against others.18We have from time to time become aware of third-parties who we believe may have infringed our intellectual property rights. Such infringement orinfringement of which we are not ye t aware could reduce our competitive advantages and cause us to lose clients, third-party publishers or could otherwise harmour business. Policing unauthorized use of our proprietary rights can be difficult and costly. Litigation, while it may be necessar y to enforce or protect ourintellectual property rights, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention and could adversely affect our business, even ifwe are successful on the merits. In addition, others may indepe ndently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such cases we could not assert anytrade secret rights against such parties.Third-parties may sue us for intellectual property infringement, which, even if unsuccessful, could require us to expend significant costs to defend or settle.We cannot be certain that our internally developed or acquired systems and technologies do not and will not infringe the intellectual property rights ofothers. In addition, we license content, software and other intellectual property rights from third-parties and may be subject to claims of infringement if such partiesdo not possess the necessary intellectual property rights to the products they license to us.In addition, we have in the past, and may in the future, be subject to legal proceedings and claims that we have infringed the patents or other intellectualproperty rights of third-parties. These claims sometimes involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenueand against whom our own intellectual property rights, if any, may therefore provide little or no deterrence. For example, in December 2012, Internet PatentsCorporation (“IPC”) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against us in the Northern District of California alleging that some of our websites infringe a patent held byIPC. IPC is a non-practicing entity that relies on asserting its patents as its primary source of revenue. In addition, third-parties have asserted and may in the futureassert intellectual property infringement claims against our clients, and we have agreed in certain circumstances to indemnify and defend against such claims. Anyintellectual property-related infringement claims, whether or not meritorious and regardless of the outcome of the litigation, could result in costly litigation andcould divert management resources and attention. Should we be found liable for infringement, we may be required to enter into licensing agreements, if availableon acceptable terms or at all, pay substantial damages, or limit or curtail our systems and technologies. Moreover, we may need to redesign some of our systemsand technologies to avoid future infringement liability. Any of the foregoing could prevent us from competing effectively and increase our costs.Additionally, the laws relating to use of trademarks on the Internet are unsettled, particularly as they apply to search engine functionality. For example,other Internet marketing and search companies have been sued for trademark infringement and other intellectual property-related claims for displaying ads orsearch results in response to user queries that include trademarked terms. The outcomes of these lawsuits have differed from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We may besubject to trademark infringement, unfair competition, misappropriation or other intellectual property-related claims which could be costly to defend and result insubstantial damages or otherwise limit or curtail our activities, and therefore adversely affect our business or prospects.Limitations on our ability to collect and use data derived from user activities, as well as new technologies that block our ability to deliver Internet-basedadvertising, could significantly diminish the value of our services and have an adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue.When a user visits our websites, we use technologies, including “cookies,” to collect information such as the user’s IP address and the user’s past responsesto our offerings. We also have relationships with data partners that collect and provide us with user data. We access and analyze this information in order todetermine the effectiveness of a marketing campaign and to determine how to modify the campaign. The use of cookies is the subject of litigation, regulatoryscrutiny and industry self-regulatory activities, including the discussion of “do-not-track” technologies and guidelines.Additionally, users are able to block or delete cookies from their browser. Periodically, certain of our clients and publishers seek to prohibit or limit ourcollection or use of data derived from the use of cookies. Technologies, tools, software and applications (including new and enhanced web browsers) have beendeveloped, and are likely to continue to be developed, that can block or allow users to opt out of display, search, and Internet-based advertising and content, deleteor block the cookies used to deliver such advertising, or shift the location in which advertising appears on pages so that our advertisements do not show up in themost monetizable places on our pages or are obscured. As a result, the adoption of such technologies, tools, software, and applications could reduce the number ofdisplay and search advertisements that we are able to deliver and/or our ability to deliver Internet-based advertising and this, in turn, could reduce our results ofoperations.Interruptions, failures or defects in our data collection systems, as well as privacy concerns and regulatory changes or enforcement actions affecting our orour data partners’ ability to collect user data, could also limit our ability to analyze data from, and thereby optimize, our clients’ marketing campaigns. If our accessto data is limited in the future, we may be unable to provide effective technologies and services to clients and we may lose clients and revenue.19If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis or effectively prevent fraudcould be impaired, which would adversely affect our ability to operate our business.In order to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX Act”), our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internalcontrol over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. We may in the future discover areas of our internal financialand accounting controls and procedures that need improvement. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all error and all fraud. Acontrol system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Allcontrol systems have inherent limitations, and, accordingly, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud willnot occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected. If we are unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able toproduce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and could result in regulatory action.If we fail to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or are unable to implement and maintain effective internal controlover financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timeliness of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.We must maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in order to accurately and timely report our results of operations and financial condition.In addition, the SOX Act requires, among other things, that we assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of our fiscalyear, and the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures quarterly. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of the SOX Act in a timelymanner, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by NASDAQ, the SEC or other regulatory authorities,which would diminish investor confidence in our financial reporting and require additional financial and management resources, each of which may adverselyaffect our business and operating results.We did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting over the accuracy of the accounting for stock-based compensation expense formarket-based restricted stock units. Specifically our internal controls with respect to stock-based compensation were not designed to appropriately identify andapply different expense recognition methodologies and, as a result, the compensation expense for market-based restricted stock units was incorrectly accounted forusing straight-line basis rather than accelerated basis over the requisite service period.This control deficiency resulted in an audit adjustment to our operating expenses and the revision of our quarterly financial statements used to derive theselected quarterly financial data table included in Item 7 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the periods ended September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015 andMarch 31, 2016. Additionally, management assessed that this control deficiency could result in a misstatement of the aforementioned account balanc es anddisclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our annual or quarterly financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.Accordingly, we determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internalcontrol over financial reporting was not effective. If we fail to effectively remediate this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to timely and accurately reportour financial results, which could subject us to adverse consequences including, but not limited to, regulatory or enforcement actions by the SEC or NASDAQ.Even if we are able to report our financial statements accurately and in a timely manner, or if we do not make all necessary improvements to address this materialweakness, continued disclosure of this material weakness will be required in future filings with the SEC, which could cause our reputation to be harmed and ourstock price to decline.We cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses. Material weaknesses may still existwhen we report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as required by the reporting requirements under Section 404 of the SOX Act.The standards required for a Section 404 assessment under the SOX Act may in the future require us to implement additional corporate governance practices andadhere to additional reporting requirements. These stringent standards require that our audit committee be advised and regularly updated on management’sassessment of internal control over financial reporting. Our management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures thatadequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements that are or will be applicable to us as a public company. If we fail tomaintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our business and reputation may be harmed and our stock price may decline. Furthermore, investorperceptions of us may be adversely affected which could cause a decline in the market price of our common stock.20As a creator and a distributor of Internet content, we face potential liability and expenses for legal claims based on the nature and content of the materials thatwe creat e or distribute , including materials provided by our clients . If we are required to pay damages or expenses in connection with these legal claims, ourresults of operations and business may be harmed.We display original content and third-party content on our websites and in our marketing messages. In addition, our clients provide us with advertisingcreative and financial information (e.g., insurance premium or credit card interest rates) that we display on our owned and operated and our third-party publishers’websites. As a result, we face potential liability based on a variety of claims, including defamation, negligence, deceptive advertising (including Department ofEducation regulations regarding misrepresentation in education marketing and Federal Trade Commission regulations), copyright or trademark infringement. Weare also exposed to risk that content provided by third-parties or clients is inaccurate or misleading, and for material posted to our websites by users and other third-parties. These claims, whether brought in the United States or abroad, could divert our management’s time and attention away from our business and result insignificant costs to investigate, defend, and respond to investigative demands, regardless of the merit of these claims. In addition, if we become subject to thesetypes of claims and are not successful in our defense, we may be forced to pay substantial damages.We face additional risks in conducting business in international markets.We have entered into certain international markets and may enter into additional international markets in the future, including through acquisitions. We havelimited experience in marketing, selling and supporting our services outside of the United States, and we may not be successful in introducing or marketing ourservices abroad. For example, in fiscal year 2015, we acquired a company specializing in online marketing to financial services clients in Brazil. While we alreadyhave a foothold in the Brazilian education market, our expansion into the financial services market in Brazil is new and as such, we cannot guarantee that we willachieve the same success as we have with the Brazilian education market.There are risks and challenges inherent in conducting business in international markets, such as: ·adapting our technologies and services to foreign clients’ preferences and customs; ·successfully navigating foreign laws and regulations, including marketing, privacy regulations, employment and labor regulations; ·changes in foreign political and economic conditions; ·tariffs and other trade barriers, fluctuations in currency exchange rates and potentially adverse tax consequences; ·language barriers or cultural differences; ·reduced or limited protection for intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions; ·difficulties and costs in staffing, managing or overseeing foreign operations; ·education of potential clients who may not be familiar with online marketing; ·challenges in collecting accounts receivables; and ·successfully interpreting and complying with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, particularly whenoperating in countries with varying degrees of governmental corruption.If we are unable to successfully expand and market our services abroad, our business and future growth may be harmed, and we may incur costs that maynot lead to future revenue.21In the past, we have recognized impairments in the carrying value of goodwill. Additional such charges in the future could negatively affect our financialcondition and results of operations.We continue to have a substantial amount of goodwill and purchased intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet as a result of historical acquisitions.The carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of an acquired business in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date. Thecarrying value of intangible assets with identifiable useful lives represents the fair value of relationships, content, domain names, acquired technology, amongothers, as of the acquisition date, and are amortized based on their economic lives. Goodwill that is expected to contribute indefinitely to our cash flows is notamortized, but must be evaluated for impairment at least annually. If the carrying value exceeds current fair value as determined based on the discounted futurecash flows of the related business, the goodwill or intangible asset is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value via a non-cash charge to earnings. Events andconditions that could result in impairment include adverse changes in the regulatory environment, a reduced market capitalization or other factors leading toreduction in expected long-term growth or profitability.Goodwill impairment analysis and measurement is a process that requires significant judgment. Our stock price and any estimated control premium arefactors affecting the assessment of the fair value of our underlying reporting units for purposes of performing any goodwill impairment assessment. For example,our public market capitalization sustained a decline after December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2014 to a value below the net book carrying value of our equity,triggering the need for a goodwill impairment analysis. As a result of our goodwill impairment analysis, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge in thoseperiods. Additionally, in the third quarter of fiscal year 2016, our stock price experienced volatility and our public market capitalization decreased to a value belowthe net book carrying value of our equity, triggering the need for an interim impairment test. While no impairment was recorded as a result of the interimimpairment test, it is possible that another material change could occur in the future. We will continue to conduct impairment analyses of our goodwill on an annualbasis, unless indicators of possible impairment arise that would cause a triggering event, and we would be required to take additional impairment charges in thefuture if any recoverability assessments reflect estimated fair values that are less than our recorded values. Further impairment charges with respect to our goodwillcould have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.We could lose clients if we fail to detect click-through or other fraud on advertisements in a manner that is acceptable to our clients.We are exposed to the risk of fraudulent clicks or actions on our websites or our third-party publishers’ websites, which could lead our clients to becomedissatisfied with our campaigns, and in turn, lead to loss of clients and related revenue. Click-through fraud occurs when an individual clicks on an ad displayed ona website, or an automated system is used to create such clicks, with the intent of generating the revenue-share payment to the publisher rather than viewing theunderlying content. Action fraud occurs when online lead forms are completed with false or fictitious information in an effort to increase a publisher’s compensableactions. From time to time, we have experienced fraudulent clicks or actions. We do not charge our clients for fraudulent clicks or actions when they are detected,and such fraudulent activities could negatively affect our profitability or harm our reputation. If fraudulent clicks or actions are not detected, the affected clientsmay experience a reduced return on their investment in our marketing programs, which could lead the clients to become dissatisfied with our campaigns, and inturn, lead to loss of clients and related revenue. Additionally, from time to time, we have had to, and in the future may have to, terminate relationships withpublishers whom we believed to have engaged in fraud. Termination of such relationships entails a loss of revenue associated with the legitimate actions or clicksgenerated by such publishers.As a public company, we are subject to compliance initiatives that will require substantial time from our management and result in significantly increased coststhat may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and otherrules implemented by the SEC and NASDAQ, impose various requirements on public companies, including requiring changes in corporate governance practices.These and proposed corporate governance laws and regulations under consideration may further increase our compliance costs. If compliance with these variouslegal and regulatory requirements diverts our management’s attention from other business concerns, it could have a material adverse effect on our business,financial condition and results of operations. We also expect that these laws and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directorand officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similarcoverage than used to be available. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors, oncommittees of our board of directors, or as executive officers.22Risks Related to the Owne rship of Our Common StockOur stock price has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate significantly in the future, which may lead to you not being able to resell shares of our commonstock at or above the price you paid, delisting, securities litigation or hostile or otherwise unfavorable takeover offers.The trading price of our common stock has been volatile since our initial public offering and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response tovarious factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include those discussed in this “Risk Factors” section of this report and other factors such as: ·our ability to grow our revenues and adjusted EBITDA margin and to manage any such growth effectively; ·changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts; ·announcements about our revenue, earnings or other financial results that are not in line with analyst expectations; ·geopolitical and world economic conditions; ·our ability to find, develop or retain high quality targeted media on a cost effective basis; ·relatively low trading volume in our stock, which creates inherent volatility regardless of factors related to our business performance or prospects; ·the sale of, or indication of the intent to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock by our directors, officers or substantial shareholders; ·announcements by us or our competitors of new services, significant contracts, commercial relationships, acquisitions or capital commitments; ·our commencement of, involvement in, or a perceived threat of litigation or regulatory enforcement action; and ·negative publicity about us, our industry, our clients or our clients’ industries.In recent years, the stock market in general, and the market for technology and Internet-based companies in particular, has experienced extreme price andvolume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors mayseriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell yourcommon stock at or above the price paid for the shares. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of aparticular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, couldresult in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.Moreover, a declining stock price may make us attractive to hedge funds and other short-term investors which could result in substantial stock pricevolatility and cause fluctuations in trading volumes for our stock. A relatively low stock price may also cause us to become subject to an unsolicited or hostileacquisition bid which could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management attention and resources. In the event that such a bid is publicly disclosed, itmay result in increased speculation and volatility in our stock price even if our board of directors decides not to pursue a transaction.If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock, our stock priceand trading volume could decline.The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business or theindustries or businesses of our clients. If any of the analysts issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock or if our actual results do not meet analyst estimates, ourstock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibilityin the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.23Our directors and executive officers and their respective affiliates have substantial influen ce over us and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.As of June 30, 2016, our directors and executive officers, together with their affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 24% of our outstanding commonstock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, have substantial influence over the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, includingthe election of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, these stockholders, acting together, havesignificant influence over the management and affairs of our company. Accordingly, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of: ·delaying, deferring or preventing a change in corporate control; ·impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us; or ·discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.Provisions in our charter documents under Delaware law and in contractual obligations could discourage a takeover that stockholders may consider favorableand may lead to entrenchment of management.Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in controlor changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include: ·a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majorityof our board of directors; ·no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; ·the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation,death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; ·the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, includingpreferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer; ·a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of ourstockholders; ·the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer or theboard of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal ofdirectors; and ·advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to beacted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect theacquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a businesscombination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the board of directorshas approved the transaction.We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend onappreciation in the price of our common stock.We have not declared or paid dividends on our common stock and we do not intend to do so in the near term. We currently intend to invest our futureearnings, if any, to fund our growth. Additionally, the terms of our revolving loan facility restrict our ability to pay dividends. Therefore, you are not likely toreceive any dividends on your common stock in the near term, and capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for theforeseeable future. 24 Item 1B.Unresolved Staff CommentsNone.Item 2.PropertiesOur principal executive offices are located in a leased facility in Foster City, California, consisting of approximately 63,998 square feet of office spaceunder a lease that expires in October 2018 with the option to extend the lease term by another two years. This facility accommodates our principal engineering,sales, marketing, operations, finance and administrative activities. We also lease additional facilities to accommodate sales, marketing, and operations throughoutthe United States. Outside of the United States, we also lease facilities to accommodate engineering, sales, marketing, and operations in Brazil and India.We may add new facilities and expand our existing facilities as we add employees and expand our markets, and we believe that suitable additional orsubstitute space will be available as needed to accommodate any such expansion of our operations.Item 3.Legal ProceedingsFrom time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Certain of our outstanding legalmatters include claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We record a liability when we believe that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amountcan be reasonably estimated. Based on our current knowledge, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that the final outcome of the pending orthreatened legal proceedings to which we are a party, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our future financial results.However, the outcome of such legal matters is subject to significant uncertainties.Item 4.Mine Safety DisclosuresNot Applicable. 25PART IIItem 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesOur common stock has been traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “QNST” since our initial public offering on February 11,2010. Prior to this time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table shows the high and low sale prices per share of our common stockas reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the periods indicated: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015 High Low First quarter ended September 30, 2014 $6.09 $4.10 Second quarter ended December 31, 2014 $6.09 $3.78 Third quarter ended March 31, 2015 $6.83 $5.01 Fourth quarter ended June 30, 2015 $6.66 $5.06 Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 High Low First quarter ended September 30, 2015 $6.82 $4.87 Second quarter ended December 31, 2015 $6.30 $4.23 Third quarter ended March 31, 2016 $4.35 $2.65 Fourth quarter ended June 30, 2016 $3.84 $2.82 On August 12, 2016, the closing price as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market of our common stock was $3.22 per share and we hadapproximately 89 stockholders of record of our common stock.We have never declared or paid, and do not anticipate declaring or paying, any dividends on our common stock. Any future determination as to thedeclaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financialcondition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. Ourrevolving loan facility also restricts our ability to pay dividends.For equity compensation plan information refer to Item 12 in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Performance GraphThe following performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes ofSection 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not bedeemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of QuinStreet, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.26The following performance graph shows a comparison from Ju ne 30, 2011 through June 30, 2016 of cumulative total return for our common stock, theNASDAQ Composite Index and the RDG Internet Composite Index. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest futureperformance. Data for th e NASDAQ Composite Index and the RDG Internet Composite Index assume reinvestment of dividends.Recent Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesThere were no unregistered sales of our equity securities during fiscal year 2016.27Item 6.Selected Consol idated Finan cial DataThe following selected consolidated financial data should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Resultsof Operations” and with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated financial datain this section is not intended to replace our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The results of acquired businesses have been includedin our consolidated financial statements since their respective dates of acquisition. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results and anyinterim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full fiscal year.We derived the consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and the consolidated balance sheets dataas of June 30, 2016 and 2015 from our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. The consolidated statements of operations datafor the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are derived from our auditedconsolidated financial statements, which are not included in this report. Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: Net revenue$297,706 $282,140 $282,549 $305,101 $370,468 Cost of revenue (1) 270,963 252,002 241,907 251,591 283,466 Gross profit 26,743 30,138 40,642 53,510 87,002 Operating expenses: (1) Product development 16,431 17,948 19,548 19,048 21,051 Sales and marketing 12,020 14,544 16,385 14,705 14,074 General and administrative 17,166 16,823 17,046 16,226 23,375 Impairment of goodwill — — 95,641 92,350 — Total operating expenses 45,617 49,315 148,620 142,329 58,500 Operating (loss) income (18,874) (19,177) (107,978) (88,819) 28,502 Interest income 61 72 115 115 134 Interest expense (585) (3,818) (3,825) (5,200) (4,462)Other income (expense), net 112 2,671 1,493 (69) (42)Interest and other expense, net (412) (1,075) (2,217) (5,154) (4,370)(Loss) income before income taxes (19,286) (20,252) (110,195) (93,973) 24,132 (Provision for) benefit from taxes (134) 244 (36,209) 26,601 (11,131)Net (loss) income$(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404) $(67,372) $13,001 Net (loss) income per share: (2) Basic$(0.43) $(0.45) $(3.36) $(1.57) $0.28 Diluted$(0.43) $(0.45) $(3.36) $(1.57) $0.28 Weighted average shares used in computing net (loss) income per share: Basic 45,197 44,454 43,528 42,816 45,846 Diluted 45,197 44,454 43,528 42,816 46,859 (1)Cost of revenue and operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue$3,780 $3,120 $2,767 $3,930 $4,293 Product development 2,340 2,395 2,429 2,765 2,570 Sales and marketing 1,825 2,144 2,937 3,264 3,096 General and administrative 3,023 2,196 2,296 2,057 3,037 (2)See Note 3, Net Loss per Share, to our consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the method used to calculate basic and diluted net (loss)income per share of common stock. 28 June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheets Data: Cash and cash equivalents$53,710 $60,468 $84,177 $90,117 $68,531 Working capital 44,264 69,549 110,412 111,040 103,222 Total assets 193,102 205,153 276,843 429,547 507,160 Long-term liabilities 4,631 20,740 65,448 83,961 98,489 Total debt 15,000 15,049 77,263 92,677 107,596 Total stockholders' equity 124,752 135,585 145,151 278,895 338,357 Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data: Net cash provided by operating activities$1,015 $6,133 $18,377 $50,665 $46,375 Depreciation and amortization 15,087 18,867 26,097 32,325 31,150 Capital expenditures 1,859 3,346 5,455 1,341 2,268 Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Other Financial Data: Adjusted EBITDA (1)$7,853 $9,984 $24,189 $47,872 $72,648 (1)We define adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income less (provision for) benefit from taxes, depreciation expense, amortization expense, stock-basedcompensation expense, interest and other expense, net, impairment of goodwill, restructuring and legal settlement expense. Please see the “adjustedEBITDA” section within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information.The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accountingprinciples (GAAP), the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) Net (loss) income$(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404) $(67,372) $13,001 Interest and other expense, net 412 1,075 2,217 5,154 4,370 Provision for (benefit from) taxes 134 (244) 36,209 (26,601) 11,131 Depreciation and amortization 15,087 18,867 26,097 32,325 31,150 Stock-based compensation expense 10,968 9,855 10,429 12,016 12,996 Impairment of goodwill — — 95,641 92,350 — Restructuring 297 439 — — — Legal settlement expense 375 — — — — Adjusted EBITDA$7,853 $9,984 $24,189 $47,872 $72,648 29Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsYou should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements andthe notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Ouractual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences includethose discussed below and elsewhere in this report, particularly in the sections titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.”Management OverviewWe are a digital performance marketing product and media company. We specialize in customer acquisition for clients in high value, information-intensivemarkets or “verticals,” including financial services, education, business-to-business technology and home services. Our clients include some of the world’s largestcompanies and brands in those markets. While the majority of our operations and revenue are in North America, we have emerging businesses in Brazil and India.We deliver measurable and cost-effective marketing results to our clients most typically in the form of a qualified lead, inquiry, click, call, application, orcustomer. Leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, and applications can then convert into a customer or sale for clients at a rate that results in an acceptable marketing cost tothem. We are typically paid by clients when we deliver qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers as defined by our agreements with them.References to the delivery of customers means a sale or completed customer transaction (e.g., bound insurance policies or customer appointments with clients).Because we bear the costs of media, our programs must result in attractive marketing costs to our clients at media costs and margins that provide sound financialoutcomes for us. To deliver leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, and customers to our clients, generally we: •own or access targeted media through business arrangements (e.g., revenue sharing arrangements) or by purchasing media (e.g., clicks from major searchengines); •run advertisements or other forms of marketing messages and programs in that media to create visitor responses in the form most typically of leads orinquiries (e.g., contact information), clicks (to further qualification or matching steps, or to online client applications or offerings), calls (to our owned andoperated call centers or that of our clients or their agents), applications (e.g., for enrollment or a financial product), or customers (e.g., bound insurancepolicies); •match these leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers to client offerings or brands that we believe can meet visitor interests or needs andclient targets and requirements; and •optimize client matches and media costs such that we achieve desired results for clients and a sound financial outcome for us.Our primary financial objective has been and remains creating revenue growth from sustainable sources, at target levels of profitability. Our primaryfinancial objective is not to maximize profits, but rather to achieve target levels of profitability while investing in various growth initiatives, as we continue tobelieve we are in the early stages of a large, long-term market opportunity.Our business derives its net revenue from fees earned through the delivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers and, to alesser extent, display advertisements, or impressions. Through a vertical focus, targeted media presence and our technology platform, we are able to delivertargeted, measurable marketing results to our clients.Our two largest client verticals are financial services and education. Our financial services client vertical represented 52%, 42% and 39% of net revenue infiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Our education client vertical represented 30%, 38% and 43% of net revenue in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Other clientverticals, consisting primarily of business-to-business technology, home services and medical, represented 18%, 20% and 18% of net revenue in fiscal years 2016,2015 and 2014. We generated the majority of our revenue from sales to clients in the United States.Trends Affecting our BusinessClient VerticalsTo date, we have generated the majority of our revenue from clients in our financial services and education client verticals. We expect that a majority of ourrevenue in fiscal year 2017 will also be generated from clients in these client verticals. In addition, revenue from our financial services client vertical is expected toincrease as a percentage of our total revenue.Our financial services client vertical has been challenged by a number of factors over the past several years, including the limited availability of high qualitymedia at acceptable margins caused by changes in search engine algorithms, acquisition of media sources by competitors and increased competition for qualitymedia. These effects may continue to impact our business in the near30future. To offset this impact, we have broadened our product set with enhanced click, lead, call and policy products that have enabled better monetization toprovide greater access to high qualit y media sources. Moreover, we have entered into strategic partnerships to increase and diversify our access to quality mediaand client budgets.Our education client vertical has been significantly challenged by regulations and enforcement activity affecting U.S. for-profit education institutions overthe past several years. For example, in January 2014, the Department of Education initiated an investigation of a publicly traded U.S. for-profit education clientwith respect to its enrollment activities and job placement, among other things, and in July 2014, the Department of Education signed an agreement with the clientrequiring it to wind down or sell its campuses. In July 2015, the Federal Trade Commission initiated an investigation of another publicly traded U.S. for-profiteducation client with respect to its recruiting and enrollment practices. These and other similar regulatory and enforcement activities have affected and are expectedto continue to affect our clients’ businesses and marketing practices, which have and may continue to, result in a decrease in these clients’ spending with us andother vendors and fluctuations in the volume and mix of our business with these clients. To offset the impact these regulatory and investigative activities have hadon the U.S. for-profit education clients, we have broadened our product set from our traditional lead business with the addition of better qualified and matchedleads or inquiries, clicks and calls; we believe these new enhanced products better match U.S. for-profit education client needs in the current regulatoryenvironment. We have also broadened our markets in education to include not-for-profit schools and international markets in Brazil and India. Moreover, we haveentered into strategic partnerships to increase and diversify our access to quality media and client budgets.Development, Acquisition and Retention of High Quality Targeted MediaOne of the primary challenges of our business is finding or creating media that is high quality and targeted enough to attract prospects for our clients at coststhat provide a sound financial outcome for us. In order to grow our business, we must be able to find, develop and retain quality targeted media on a cost-effectivebasis. Consolidation of media sources, changes in search engine algorithms and increased competition for available media has, during some periods, limited andmay continue to limit our ability to generate revenue at acceptable margins. To offset this impact, we have developed new sources of media, including entering intostrategic partnerships with other marketing and media companies. Such partnerships include takeovers of performance marketing functions for large web mediaproperties; backend monetization of unmatched traffic for clients with large media buys; and white label products for other performance marketing companies. Wehave also grown our revenue from mobile and social media traffic sources.SeasonalityOur results are subject to significant fluctuation as a result of seasonality. In particular, our quarters ending December 31 (our second fiscal quarter) aretypically characterized by seasonal weakness. In our second fiscal quarters, there is lower availability of lead supply from some forms of media during the holidayperiod on a cost effective basis and some of our clients have lower budgets. In our quarters ending March 31 (our third fiscal quarter), this trend generally reverseswith better lead availability and often new budgets at the beginning of the year for our clients with fiscal years ending December 31.RegulationsOur revenue has fluctuated in part as a result of federal, state and industry-based regulations and developing standards with respect to the enforcement ofthose regulations. Our business is affected directly because we operate websites and conduct telemarketing and email marketing, and indirectly affected as ourclients adjust their operations as a result of regulatory changes and enforcement activity that affect their industries.Clients in our financial services vertical have been affected by laws and regulations and the increased enforcement of new and pre-existing laws andregulations. In addition, our education client vertical has been significantly affected by the adoption of regulations affecting U.S. for-profit education institutionsover the past several years, and a high level of governmental scrutiny is expected to continue. The effect of these regulations, or any future regulations, maycontinue to result in fluctuations in the volume and mix of our business with these clients.An example of a regulatory change that may affect our business is the amendment of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”), that affectstelemarketing calls. Our efforts to comply with the TCPA have thus far had a relatively small negative effect on traffic conversion rates. However; our clients maymake business decisions based on their own experiences with the TCPA regardless of our products, and the changes we implemented to comply with theregulations. Those decisions may negatively affect our revenue or profitability.31Basis of PresentationNet RevenueOur business generates revenue from fees earned through the delivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, customers and, to a lesserextent, display advertisements, or impressions. We deliver targeted and measurable results through a vertical focus that we classify into the following clientverticals: financial services, education, and “other” (which includes business-to-business technology, home services and medical).Cost of RevenueCost of revenue consists primarily of media costs, personnel costs, amortization of intangible assets, depreciation expense and amortization of internalsoftware development costs related to revenue-producing technologies. Media costs consist primarily of fees paid to third-party publishers, media owners ormanagers, or to strategic partners that are directly related to a revenue-generating event and of pay-per-click, or PPC ad purchases from Internet search companies.We pay these third-party publishers, media owners or managers, strategic partners, and Internet search companies on a revenue-share, a cost-per-lead, or CPL, cost-per-click, or CPC, or cost-per-thousand-impressions, or CPM, basis. Personnel costs include salaries, stock-based compensation expense, bonuses, commissionsand employee benefit costs. Personnel costs are primarily related to individuals associated with maintaining our servers and websites, our call center operations, oureditorial staff, client management, creative team, content, compliance group and media purchasing analysts. Costs associated with software incurred in thedevelopment phase or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized in cost of revenue over the software’s estimated useful life.Operating ExpensesWe classify our operating expenses into three categories: product development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative. Our operating expensesconsist primarily of personnel costs and, to a lesser extent, professional services fees, facilities fees and other costs. Personnel costs for each category of operatingexpenses generally include salaries, stock-based compensation expense, bonuses, commissions and employee benefit costs.Product Development. Product development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and facilities fees. We are constraining expenses generally to theextent practicable; however we expect product and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the future as we accelerate revenue growth andprofitability.Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, professional services, facilities fees and depreciation expense. Weare constraining expenses generally to the extent practicable; however we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the future as weaccelerate revenue growth and profitability.General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our finance, legal, employee benefits andcompliance, technical support and other administrative personnel, as well as accounting and legal professional services fees, and insurance. We are constrainingexpenses generally to the extent practicable; however we expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the future as we acceleraterevenue growth and profitability.Interest and Other Expense, NetInterest and other expense, net, consists primarily of interest income, interest expense, and other income and expense. Interest income represents interestearned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which may increase or decrease depending on market interest rates and the amounts invested.Interest expense is related to our term loan facility, revolving loan facility, the related interest rate swap, promissory notes issued in connection with ouracquisitions, and imputed interest on non-interest bearing notes. Borrowings under our revolving loan facility, the aggregate principal amount of outstandingpromissory notes and related interest expense could increase if, among other things, we make additional acquisitions through debt financing. Other income andexpense includes gains and losses on foreign currency exchange, gains and losses on sales of websites and domain names that were not considered to bestrategically important to our business, and other non-operating items.(Provision for) Benefit from Income TaxWe are subject to tax in the United States as well as other tax jurisdictions or countries in which we conduct business. Earnings from our limited non-U.S.activities are subject to local country income tax and may be subject to U.S. income tax.32Results of OperationsThe following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations for the periods indicated: Fiscal Year Ended 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) Net Revenue $297,706 100.0% $282,140 100.0% $282,549 100.0%Cost of revenue (1) 270,963 91.0 252,002 89.3 241,907 85.6 Gross profit 26,743 9.0 30,138 10.7 40,642 14.4 Operating expenses: (1) Product development 16,431 5.5 17,948 6.4 19,548 6.9 Sales and marketing 12,020 4.0 14,544 5.1 16,385 5.8 General and administrative 17,166 5.8 16,823 6.0 17,046 6.0 Impairment of goodwill — — — — 95,641 33.8 Operating loss (18,874) (6.3) (19,177) (6.8) (107,978) (38.1)Interest income 61 — 72 — 115 — Interest expense (585) (0.2) (3,818) (1.3) (3,825) (1.4)Other income, net 112 — 2,671 0.9 1,493 0.5 Loss before income taxes (19,286) (6.5) (20,252) (7.2) (110,195) (39.0)(Provision for) benefit from taxes (134) — 244 0.1 (36,209) (12.8)Net loss $(19,420) (6.5)% $(20,008) (7.1)% $(146,404) (51.8)% (1)Cost of revenue and operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue $3,780 1.3% $3,120 1.1% $2,767 1.0%Product development 2,340 0.8 2,395 0.8 2,429 0.9 Sales and marketing 1,825 0.6 2,144 0.8 2,937 1.0 General and administrative 3,023 1.0 2,196 0.8 2,296 0.8 Net Revenue Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 - 2015 2015 - 2014 2016 2015 2014 % Change % Change (In thousands) Net revenue $297,706 $282,140 $282,549 6% (0%)Cost of revenue 270,963 252,002 241,907 8% 4%Gross profit $26,743 $30,138 $40,642 (11%) (26%) Net revenue increased $15.6 million, or 6%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015. Our financial services client vertical revenue increased $36.0million, or 30%, primarily due to the continued rollout of our enhanced products and media management platform and to strategic partnerships that have increasedand diversified our access to quality media and client budgets. Our education client vertical revenue decreased $16.3 million, or 15%, primarily due to the exit fromthe channel by a large U.S. for-profit education client. Revenue from other client verticals decreased $4.1 million, or 7%, primarily due to decreased client demandin our business-to-business technology, partially offset by increased client demand in our home services client vertical.Net revenue was approximately flat in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014. Our financial services client vertical revenue increased $7.3 million, or6%, primarily due to our enhanced click, lead, call and policy products which enabled us to access higher quality media for our clients and has led to increasedclient budgets. Our education client vertical revenue decreased $14.1 million, or 12%, as a result of our education clients’ lower budgets, largely due to uncertaintysurrounding regulations and enforcement activity affecting U.S. for-profit education institutions and their operational adjustment to this activity. Revenue fromother client verticals increased $6.4 million, or 13%, primarily due to increased client demand in our business-to-business technology and home services clientverticals partially offset by decreased client demand in our medical client vertical.Cost of Revenue and Gross MarginCost of revenue increased $19.0 million, or 8%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, driven by increased media costs of $21.6 million andincreased stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million, offset by decreased amortization of intangible assets of $3.6 million. The increased media costs weredue to higher revenue volumes. The decreased amortization of intangible assets were related to historical acquisitions becoming fully amortized and reducedspending on acquisitions in recent periods. Gross margin33was 9% in fiscal year 2016 compared to 11% in fiscal year 2015. The decrease in gross margin was attributable to a higher proportion of our revenue coming fromour financial services click products, which tend to have higher media costs as a percentage of revenue, partially offset by decreased amortization of intangibleassets.Cost of revenue increased $10.1 million, or 4%, in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014, driven by increased media costs of $11.1 million,increased personnel costs of $3.2 million and increased other expenses of $2.5 million, offset by decreased amortization of intangible assets of $7.1 million. Theincreased media costs were attributable to increased costs for high quality media. The increased personnel costs were attributable to an increase in averageheadcount. The decreased amortization of intangible assets were attributable to assets from historical acquisitions becoming fully amortized and reduced spendingon acquisitions in recent periods. Gross margin was 11% in fiscal year 2015 compared to 14% in fiscal year 2014. The decrease in gross margin was attributable toincreased media costs associated with our investments in optimizing high quality media in our financial services vertical.Operating Expenses Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 - 2015 2015 - 2014 2016 2015 2014 % Change % Change (In thousands) Product development $16,431 $17,948 $19,548 (8%) (8%)Sales and marketing 12,020 14,544 16,385 (17%) (11%)General and administrative 17,166 16,823 17,046 2% (1%)Impairment of goodwill — — 95,641 0% (100%)Operating expenses $45,617 $49,315 $148,620 (7%) (67%) Product Development ExpensesProduct development expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 8%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, primarily due to decreased personnel costsof $1.8 million related to decreased headcount and decreased performance incentive compensation associated with the lower achievement of performanceobjectives.Product development expenses decreased $1.6 million, or 8%, in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014, primarily due to decreased personnel costsof $1.1 million due to a decrease in average salaries.Sales and Marketing ExpensesSales and marketing expenses decreased $2.5 million, or 17%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, primarily due to decreased personnel costsof $1.5 million related to decreased headcount and decreased performance incentive compensation associated with the lower achievement of performanceobjectives and decreased advertising costs of $0.4 million.Sales and marketing expenses decreased $1.8 million, or 11%, in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014, primarily due to decreased stock-basedcompensation expense of $0.8 million, decreased advertising costs of $0.5 million and decreased personnel costs of $0.4 million.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million, or 2%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015.General and administrative expenses decreased $0.2 million, or 1%, in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014.Impairment of GoodwillAs discussed under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,” there was no goodwill impairment charge recognized in fiscal years 2016 and 2015. Werecognized a goodwill impairment charge of $95.6 million in fiscal year 2014 due to declines sustained in our public market capitalization.34Interest and Other Expense, Net Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 - 2015 2015 - 2014 2016 2015 2014 % Change % Change (In thousands) Interest income $61 $72 $115 (15%) (37%)Interest expense (585) (3,818) (3,825) (85%) (0%)Other income, net 112 2,671 1,493 (96%) 79%Interest and other expense, net $(412) $(1,075) $(2,217) (62%) (52%) Interest income was immaterial in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Interest expense decreased $3.2 million, or 85%, in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, primarily due to decreased debt obligations .Interest expense was approximately flat in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014. Other income, net decreased $2.6 million, or 96% in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, primarily due to a decrease in gains on the sale ofdomain names that were not considered to be strategically important to our business of $3.2 million, partially offset by an expense of $0.3 million recognized infiscal year 2015 related to the termination of the interest rate swap.Other income, net increased $1.2 million, or 79%, in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014, primarily due to an increase in gains on the sale ofdomain names that were not considered to be strategically important to our business of $2.8 million, offset by a gain of $0.9 million recognized in fiscal year 2014related to the sale of our shares of preferred stock in our DemandBase investment.(Provision for) Benefit from Taxes Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) (Provision for) benefit from taxes $(134) $244 $(36,209)Effective tax rate (0.7%) 1.2% (32.8%) We recorded a provision of $0.1 million in fiscal year 2016 primarily due to the outcome of a state tax examination, partially offset by the release ofuncertain tax position reserves due to the expiration of the statue of limitations. Our effective tax rate was relatively flat in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year2015. Due to the effects of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance and our net operating loss, our annual effective tax rate was not meaningful as our income taxamounts were not directly correlated to the amount of loss before income taxes for the period.We recorded a benefit from taxes of $0.2 million in fiscal year 2015 primarily due to the carryback of prior year tax losses. The decrease in our effective taxrate for fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to a one-time, non-cash charge recognized in fiscal year 2014 to establish a valuationallowance for a specific portion of our deferred tax assets.35Selected Quarterly Financial DataThe following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the eight quarters ended June 30, 2016. Wehave prepared the statements of operations for each of these quarters on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in thisreport and, in the opinion of management, each statement of operations includes all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary forthe fair statement of the results of operations for these periods. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statementsand related notes included elsewhere in this report. These quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period. Three Months Ended June 30, Mar 31, Dec 31, Sept 30, June 30, Mar 31, Dec 31, Sept 30, 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2015 2014 2014 (In thousands, except per share data) (unaudited) Net revenue $79,113 $81,243 $64,961 $72,389 $70,912 $75,345 $66,694 $69,189 Costs of revenue 71,743 72,956 60,346 65,918 63,006 65,192 60,395 63,409 Gross profit 7,370 8,287 4,615 6,471 7,906 10,153 6,299 5,780 Operating expenses: Product development 3,930 4,214 3,843 4,444 4,095 4,653 4,244 4,956 Sales and marketing 2,518 2,898 2,982 3,622 3,639 3,881 3,357 3,667 General and administrative 4,460 4,348 4,138 4,220 3,829 4,300 4,079 4,615 Operating loss (3,538) (3,173) (6,348) (5,815) (3,657) (2,681) (5,381) (7,458)Interest income 22 23 10 6 11 7 28 26 Interest expense (152) (155) (145) (133) (1,092) (760) (786) (1,180)Other (expense) income, net (8) 112 65 (57) (330) 40 636 2,325 Loss before income taxes (3,676) (3,193) (6,418) (5,999) (5,068) (3,394) (5,503) (6,287)Benefit from (provision for) taxes 343 (72) (40) (365) 40 178 26 — Net loss $(3,333) $(3,265) $(6,458) $(6,364) $(5,028) $(3,216) $(5,477) $(6,287) Net loss per share: (1) Basic $(0.07) $(0.07) $(0.14) $(0.14) $(0.11) $(0.07) $(0.12) $(0.14)Diluted $(0.07) $(0.07) $(0.14) $(0.14) $(0.11) $(0.07) $(0.12) $(0.14) Other Financial Data: Adjusted EBITDA $3,016 $3,543 $158 $1,136 $2,905 $4,270 $2,131 $678 (1)Net loss per share for the four quarters of each fiscal year may not sum to the total for the fiscal year as a result of the different number of shares outstandingduring each period. During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, we identified errors related to our stock-based compensation expense included in the unaudited condensedconsolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016. The stock-based compensationexpense related to market-based restricted stock units was understated by $1.1 million through the nine months ended March 31, 2016. We have assessed themateriality of the above errors individually and in the aggregate on prior periods’ financial statements in accordance with the Securities and ExchangeCommission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99 and 108 and, based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors, concluded that such amounts were notmaterial to our September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore,these previously issued financial statements can continue to be relied upon and amendments of the previously filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q were notrequired. We will revise our previously issued quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements to correct the errors for the quarterly periods ended September30, 2015, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 of $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million in future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q where quarterlycondensed consolidated financial statements for such periods are included. We have reflected the correction of these errors in the applicable quarterly financialperiods presented in the table above.Adjusted EBITDAWe include adjusted EBITDA in this report because (i) we seek to manage our business to a level of adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue, (ii) itis a key basis upon which our management assesses our operating performance, (iii) it is one of the36primary metrics investors use in evaluating Internet marketing companies, (iv) it is a factor in the evaluation of the performance of our management in determiningcompensation, and (v) it is an element of certain financial cove nants under our revolving loan facility. We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss less (provision for)benefit from taxes, depreciation expense, amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, interest and other (expense) income, net, restructuring an dlegal settlement expense.We use adjusted EBITDA as a key performance measure because we believe it facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period byexcluding potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting interest expense), tax positions (such as the impact on periods or companies ofchanges in effective tax rates or fluctuations in permanent differences or discrete quarterly items), non-recurring charges (such as restructuring and legal settlementexpense) and the non-cash impact of depreciation expense, amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense. Since adjusted EBITDA facilitatesinternal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we also use adjusted EBITDA for business planning purposes, toincentivize and compensate our management personnel and in evaluating acquisition opportunities.In addition, we believe adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts, ratings agencies and other interested partiesin our industry as a measure of financial performance and debt-service capabilities. Our use of adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and it shouldnot be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: ·adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures for capital equipment or other contractual commitments; ·although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, andadjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements; ·adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; ·adjusted EBITDA does not consider the potentially dilutive impact of issuing stock-based compensation to our management team and employees; ·adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on ourindebtedness; ·adjusted EBITDA does not reflect certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and ·other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate adjusted EBITDA measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as acomparative measure.Due to these limitations, adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of ourbusiness. When evaluating our performance, adjusted EBITDA should be considered alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flowmetrics, net loss and our other GAAP results.The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated: June 30, Mar 31, Dec 31, Sept 30, June 30, Mar 31, Dec 31, Sept 30, 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2015 2014 2014 (In thousands) (unaudited) Net loss $(3,333) $(3,265) $(6,458) $(6,364) $(5,028) $(3,216) $(5,477) $(6,287)Interest and other income (expense), net 138 20 70 184 1,411 713 122 (1,171)(Benefit from) provision for taxes (343) 72 40 365 (40) (178) (26) — Depreciation and amortization 3,650 3,721 3,772 3,944 4,089 4,370 4,986 5,422 Stock-based compensation expense 2,629 2,816 2,734 2,789 2,473 2,581 2,526 2,275 Restructuring — 79 — 218 — — — 439 Legal settlement 275 100 — — — — — — Adjusted EBITDA $3,016 $3,543 $158 $1,136 $2,905 $4,270 $2,131 $678 . . Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue 4% 4% — 2% 4% 6% 3% 1% 37We seek to m anage our business to a level of adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue. We do so on a fiscal year basis by varying our operations tobalance revenue growth and costs throughout the fiscal year. We do not seek to manage our business to a level of a djusted EBITDA on a quarterly basis and weexpect our adjusted EBITDA margins to vary from quarter to quarter.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of June 30, 2016, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $53.7 million, cash we expect to generate from futureoperations, and available borrowings under our $25.0 million revolving loan facility under which we have drawn $15.0 million. Our cash and cash equivalents aremaintained in highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. We believe our cash equivalents are liquid andaccessible.Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements primarily arise from our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, internal softwaredevelopment costs, payment on our revolving loan facility which matures in June 2017, and acquisitions from time to time. Our primary operating cashrequirements include the payment of media costs, personnel costs, costs of information technology systems and office facilities. Our ability to fund theserequirements will depend on our future cash flows, which are determined, in part, by future operating performance and are, therefore, subject to prevailing globalmacroeconomic conditions and financial, business and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, and also our ability to access our revolving loanfacility. Even though we may not need additional funds to fund anticipated liquidity requirements, we may still elect to obtain additional debt, issue additionalequity securities or draw down on or increase our borrowing capacity under our current revolving loan facility for other reasons.We believe that our principal sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our currently anticipated cash requirements through at least the next 12 months. Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands) Net cash provided by operating activities $1,015 $6,133 $18,377 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (5,202) 33,270 (10,731)Net cash used in financing activities (2,497) (63,119) (13,539) Net Cash Provided by Operating ActivitiesCash from operating activities are primarily the result of our net loss adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense,impairment of goodwill and changes in working capital components.Cash provided by operating activities was $1.0 million for fiscal year 2016 compared to $6.1 million for fiscal year 2015 and $18.4 million for fiscal year2014.Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2016 consisted of a net loss of $19.4 million, which included a restructuring charge of $0.3 million,offset by non-cash adjustments of $26.8 million. In addition, there was a net decrease in cash from changes in working capital of $6.3 million. The non-cashadjustments primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization of $15.1 million, stock-based compensation of $11.0 million, and provision for sales returns anddoubtful accounts receivable of $0.8 million. The changes in working capital accounts were primarily due to an increase in other assets, noncurrent of $8.2 millionand an increase in accounts receivable of $1.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $4.5 million. The increase in otherassets, noncurrent, was primarily due to a one-time $10.0 million cash payment to All Web Leads, a strategic partner, to be their exclusive click monetizationpartner for the majority of their insurance categories and the increase in accounts receivable was primarily due to the timing of cash receipts. The decrease inprepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to a cash receipt from a federal tax refund of $6.5 million.Cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2015 consisted of a net loss of $20.0 million, which included a restructuring charge of $0.4 million,offset by non-cash adjustments of $26.6 million. In addition, there was a net decrease in cash from changes in working capital of $0.4 million. The non-cashadjustments primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization of $18.9 million, stock-based compensation net of tax benefits of $9.9 million, and gain on thesale of domain names that were not considered to be strategically important to our business of $3.3 million. The changes in working capital accounts were primarilydue to an increase in accounts receivable of $4.4 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.4 million and a decrease innet deferred taxes of $1.8 million. The increase in accounts receivable as well as the increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities were primarily due to thetiming of payments.38Cash provided by operat ing activities in fiscal year 2014 consisted of a net loss of $146.4 million, offset by non-cash adjustments of $130.4 million. Inaddition, there was a net increase in cash from changes in working capital of $34.4 million. The non-cash charges primarily c onsisted of impairment of goodwill of$95.6 million, depreciation, and amortization of $26.1 million, and stock-based compensation expense net of tax benefits of $9.9 million, offset by otheradjustments, net of $1.1 million. The changes in working capital accounts were primarily due to a decrease in net deferred taxes of $45.1 million and a net increasein accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $0.4 million partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $6.3 million, a n increase inaccounts receivable of $3.5 million, and a decrease in deferred revenue and other noncurrent liabilities of $1.3 million. The decrease in deferred taxes was due to aone-time charge to establish a valuation allowance. The increase in accounts receivable was due to timing of collections.Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing ActivitiesCash from investing activities include capital expenditures, capitalized internal development costs, and purchases, sales and maturities of marketablesecurities.Cash used in investing activities was $5.2 million for fiscal year 2016, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $33.3 million for fiscal year2015 and cash used in investing activities of $10.7 million for fiscal year 2014.Cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2016 was primarily due capital expenditures and internal software development costs of $5.3 million.Cash provided by investing activities in fiscal year 2015 was primarily due to net sales and maturities of marketable securities of $38.7 million and proceedsfrom the sale of domain names that were not considered to be strategically important to our business of $3.4 million, offset by capital expenditures and internalsoftware development costs of $5.7 million and a purchase of an investment of $2.5 million.Cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to capital expenditures and internal software development costs of $7.9 million,licenses of intangible assets of $2.8 million and acquisition costs of $0.9 million offset by proceeds from a sale of an investment of $1.4 million and proceeds fromthe sale of domain names that were not considered to be strategically important to our business of $0.5 million. Net investments in marketable securities totaled$1.0 million.Net Cash Used in Financing ActivitiesCash from financing activities include proceeds from the exercise of stock options, withholding taxes related to restricted stock net of share settlement,excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, proceeds from revolving loan facility, and principal payments on term loan facility and acquisition-relatednotes payable.Cash used in financing activities was $2.5 million for fiscal year 2016 compared to $63.1 million for fiscal year 2015 and $13.5 million for fiscal year 2014.Cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2016 was primarily due to withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement of $2.5 million.Cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2015 was primarily due to principal payments on our term loan facility and acquisition-related notes payableof $78.0 million and withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement of $1.2 million, offset by proceeds from the revolving loan facility of $15.0million and exercises of stock options of $1.3 million.Cash used in financing activities in fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to principal payments on acquisition-related notes payable and our term loan facilityand related fees of $15.5 million and withholding taxes related to restricted stock net of share settlement of $1.9 million, offset by proceeds received from exercisesof stock options of $3.3 million and excess tax benefits from exercises of stock options of $0.5 million.Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to asstructured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or othercontractually narrow or limited purposes. We have an investment in a variable interest entity of which we are not the primary beneficiary and as to which we do nothave any material obligations.39Contractual ObligationsThe following table sets forth payments due under our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2016: Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years (In thousands) Revolving Loan Facility $15,000 $15,000 $— $— $— Operating Leases 8,601 3,545 4,871 185 — Total $23,601 $18,545 $4,871 $185 $— The above table does not include approximately $2.5 million of long-term income tax liabilities for uncertainty in income taxes due to the fact that we areunable to reasonably estimate the timing of these potential future payments.Loan FacilityAs of June 30, 2016, we were party to a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Comerica Bank (the “Bank”), as administrative agent and solelender, which consisted of a $25.0 million revolving loan facility maturing on June 11, 2017. Borrowings under the revolving loan facility bear interest at a rate ofthe Eurodollar rate plus 3.00%, and are secured by substantially all of our assets. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the revolving loan facility is subject to aborrowing base consisting of eligible receivables and certain other customary conditions. We must pay an annual facility fee of $62,500 and an annual unused feeof 0.25% of the undrawn revolving loan facility commitment. We have the right to prepay the revolving loan facility or permanently reduce the revolving loanfacility commitment without premium or penalty, in whole or in part at any time.The Credit Agreement, as amended, contains limitations on our ability to sell assets, make acquisitions, pay dividends, incur capital expenditures andrequires us to comply with certain additional covenants. We must also comply with certain financial covenants only when there are amounts outstanding under therevolving loan facility and at the time we draw down amounts under the revolving loan facility.We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2016 and 2015.As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, there was $15.0 million was outstanding under the revolving loan facility.Headquarters LeaseWe entered into a lease agreement in February 2010 for approximately 63,998 square feet of office space located at 950 Tower Lane, Foster City,California. The term of the lease began on November 1, 2010 and expires on October 31, 2018. The monthly base rent was abated for the first 12 calendar monthsunder the lease, and remained at $0.1 million through the 24th calendar month of the term of the lease. After this 24 month period, monthly base rent increased to$0.2 million for the subsequent 12 months and now increases approximately 3% after each 12-month anniversary during the remaining term, including anyextensions under our options to extend. We have two options to extend the term of the lease for one additional year for each option following the expiration date ofthe lease or renewal term, as applicable.Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesWe have prepared our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America(“GAAP”). In doing so, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assetsand liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.Some of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. We base theseestimates and assumptions on historical experience or on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances. On anongoing basis, we reconsider and evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.40We believe that the critical accounting policies listed below involve our more significant judgments, estimates and assumptions and, therefore, could havethe greates t potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. In addition, we believe that a discussion of these policies is necessary to understand andevaluate the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, of our consolidated financial statements for further information on our critical and othersignificant accounting policies.Revenue RecognitionRevenue earned through the delivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, customers and, to a lesser extent, display advertisements, orimpressions constituted all revenue in fiscal year 2016, and more than 99% of revenue in fiscal years 2015 and 2014. We recognize revenue when persuasiveevidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Delivery is deemed to haveoccurred at the time a qualified lead, inquiry, click, call, application, or customer is delivered to the client provided that no significant obligations remain.Under our revenue recognition policies, we allocate revenue in an arrangement using the estimated selling price (“ESP”) of deliverables if vendor-specificobjective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price based on historical stand-alone sales or third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price does not exist. Due to the uniquenature of some of our multiple deliverable revenue arrangements, we may not be able to establish selling prices based on historical stand-alone sales or third-partyevidence, therefore we may use our best estimate to establish selling prices for these arrangements under the standard. We establish best estimates within a range ofselling prices considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, factors such as class of client, size of transaction, available media inventory, pricingstrategies and market conditions. We believe the use of the best estimate of selling price allows revenue recognition in a manner consistent with the underlyingeconomics of the transaction.From time to time, we may agree to credit a client for certain leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers if they fail to meet the contractual orother guidelines of a particular client. We have established a sales reserve based on historical experience. To date, such credits have been within our expectations.Separately from the agreements we have with clients, we have agreements with Internet search companies, third-party publishers and strategic partners togenerate potential qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers. We receive a fee from our clients and separately pay a fee to the Internetsearch companies, third-party publishers and strategic partners. We are the primary obligor in the transaction. As a result, the fees paid by our clients are recognizedas revenue and the fees paid to our Internet search companies, third-party publishers and strategic partners are included in cost of revenue.Deferred revenue is comprised of contractual billings in excess of recognized revenue and payments received in advance of revenue recognition.Stock-Based CompensationWe measure and record the expense related to stock-based transactions based on the fair value of the stock-based payment awards as determined on the dateof grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with a service condition is determined based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Forstock options, we selected and have historically used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value. For restricted stock units with a service andmarket condition, we have selected and used the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value. In applying these models, our determination of fair valueis affected by assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock pricevolatility over the term of the award and the employees’ actual and projected stock option exercise and pre-vesting employment termination behaviors. We estimatethe expected volatility of our common stock based on our historical volatility over the expected term of the award. We have no history or expectation of payingdividends on our common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected term of the award.We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method, based on awards ultimately expected tovest. We estimate future forfeitures at the date of grant. On an annual basis, we assess changes in our estimate of expected forfeitures based on recent forfeitureactivity. The effect of adjustments made to forfeiture rates, if any, is recognized in the period that the change is made.GoodwillWe conduct a test for the impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit level on at least an annual basis and whenever there are events or changes incircumstances that would more likely than not reduce the estimated fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Application of the goodwill impairmenttest requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units,41assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgmentsrequired to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, an appropriatecontrol premium and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unitwhich could trigger impairment.In the third quarter of fiscal year 2016, our public market capitalization experienced a decline to a value below the net book carrying value of our equitywhich triggered the necessity to conduct an interim goodwill impairment test as of March 31, 2016. As all revenue in fiscal year 2016 had been earned through thedelivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, customers, and to a lesser extent, display advertisements, or impressions, we had one reporting unitas of March 31, 2016. Given that our shares are publicly traded in an active market, we believe that the quoted market price provides evidence of fair value. As ofMarch 31, 2016, our market capitalization exceeded our net book carrying value. Additionally, we estimated fair value utilizing a weighting of the fair valuesderived from the market and income approach which exceeded our net book carrying value. Based on the results of the step one interim impairment test, wedetermined there was no goodwill impairment as of March 31, 2016.We performed our annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2016 for fiscal year 2016. We conducted a qualitative assessment to determine whether itwas necessary to perform a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, we considered any significant changes in key factorssuch as changes in industry and competitive environment, stock price, actual revenue performance compared to previous years and budget, EBITDA and cash flowgeneration, since the most recent valuation date, March 31, 2016. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, there were no indicators of impairment. As ofJune 30, 2016, we did not identify any indicators of impairment. We performed our annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2015 for fiscal year 2015. We had two reporting units for purposes of allocating and testinggoodwill, DMS and DSS. We conducted a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was necessary to perform a two-step quantitative goodwill impairmenttest. In assessing the qualitative factors, we considered the impact of key factors such as changes in industry and competitive environment, stock price, actualrevenue performance compared to previous years, forecasts and cash flow generation. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, there were no indicators ofimpairment.We performed our annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2014 for fiscal year 2014 and concluded that the carrying value of our DSS reporting unitexceeded its estimated fair value. This resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $1.2 million for the entire goodwill of our DSS reporting unit.We estimated the fair value of our DMS reporting unit and determined that there were no instances of impairment in our DMS reporting unit.Our public market capitalization sustained a decline after June 30, 2014 primarily due to our operating results in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2014, to avalue below the net book carrying value of the our equity. As a result, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge in our DMS reporting unit in theaggregate of $95.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2014.Long-Lived AssetsWe evaluate long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changesin circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. We apply judgment when estimating the fair value of the assets based on theundiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss if estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to resultfrom the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. As of April 30, 2016, 2015and 2014, we evaluated our long-lived assets and concluded there were no indicators of impairment. As mentioned in the Goodwill section above, our publicmarket capitalization sustained a decline after June 30, 2014, to a value below the net book carrying value of our equity. As such, we tested our long-lived assetsrelated to the DMS reporting unit as of June 30, 2014 and, based on the undiscounted cash flows, determined that these assets were not impaired.42Income TaxesWe account for income taxes using an asset and liability approach to record deferred taxes. Our deferred income tax assets represent temporary differencesbetween the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities that will result in deductible amounts in future years, includingnet operating loss carry forwards. A valuation allowance is recorded against our deferred tax assets which are not expected to be realized. Our judgment regardingfuture profitability may change due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. We recorded a valuation allowanceagainst the majority of our deferred tax assets at the end of fiscal year 2014 due to the significant negative evidence that the near term realization of certain assetswere deemed unlikely. We continue to maintain the valuation allowance as of June 30, 2016.Recent Accounting PronouncementsSee Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements for information with respect to recent accountingpronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements. Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks include primarily interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks.Interest Rate RiskOur cash equivalents are invested in money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes and acquisition financing. We donot enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that we do not have material exposure to changes in the fair value of these investments asa result of changes in interest rates due to the short-term nature of our investments. Declines in interest rates may reduce future investment income. However, ahypothetical decline of 1% in the interest rate on our investments would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.As of June 30, 2016, our revolving loan facility had an outstanding balance of $15.0 million. Interest on borrowings under the revolving loan facility ispayable quarterly at the Eurodollar rate plus 3.00%. Our exposure to interest rate risk under the revolving loan facility will depend on the extent to which we utilizethe facility. A hypothetical change of 1% from prevailing interest rates as of June 30, 2016 would not have a material effect on our interest expense.Foreign Currency Exchange RiskTo date, our client agreements have been predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, and accordingly, we have limited exposure to foreign currencyexchange rate fluctuations related to client agreements, and do not currently engage in foreign currency hedging transactions. As the local accounts for some of ourforeign operations are maintained in the local currency of the respective country, we are subject to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations associated with theremeasurement to U.S. dollars. A hypothetical change of 10% in foreign currency exchange rates would not have a material effect on our consolidated financialstatements. 43Item 8.Financial Statemen ts and Supplementary DataQUINSTREET, INC.INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PageReport of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm45Consolidated Balance Sheets46Consolidated Statements of Operations47Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss48Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity49Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows50Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements51 44Report of Independent Regis tered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of QuinStreet, Inc. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positionof QuinStreet, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the periodended June 30, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financialstatement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read inconjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internalcontrol over financial reporting as of June 30, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee ofSponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to accuracy of theaccounting for stock-based compensation expense for market-based restricted stock units existed as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or acombination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual orinterim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness referred to above is described in Management's Report onInternal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audittests applied in our audit of the June 30, 2016 consolidated financial statements and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control overfinancial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statementsand financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal controlover financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financialstatement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with thestandards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and per form the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained inall material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statementpresentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing therisk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits alsoincluded performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and thepreparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financialreporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactionsand dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financialstatements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance withauthorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorizedacquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance withthe policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPSan Jose, CaliforniaAugust 19, 2016 45QUINSTREET, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(In thousands, except share and per share data) June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $53,710 $60,468 Accounts receivable, net 47,218 46,240 Prepaid expenses and other assets 7,055 11,669 Total current assets 107,983 118,377 Property and equipment, net 7,678 8,565 Goodwill 56,118 56,118 Other intangible assets, net 10,081 19,030 Other assets, noncurrent 11,242 3,063 Total assets $193,102 $205,153 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $19,814 $20,425 Accrued liabilities 27,705 27,146 Deferred revenue 1,200 1,208 Debt 15,000 49 Total current liabilities 63,719 48,828 Debt, noncurrent — 15,000 Other liabilities, noncurrent 4,631 5,740 Total liabilities 68,350 69,568 Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9) Stockholders' equity: Common stock: $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 45,557,295 and 44,617,850 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015 45 45 Additional paid-in capital 257,950 249,358 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (418) (413)Accumulated deficit (132,825) (113,405)Total stockholders' equity 124,752 135,585 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $193,102 $205,153 See notes to consolidated financial statements 46QUINSTREET, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(In thousands, except per share data) Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Net revenue $297,706 $282,140 $282,549 Cost of revenue (1) 270,963 252,002 241,907 Gross profit 26,743 30,138 40,642 Operating expenses: (1) Product development 16,431 17,948 19,548 Sales and marketing 12,020 14,544 16,385 General and administrative 17,166 16,823 17,046 Impairment of goodwill — — 95,641 Operating loss (18,874) (19,177) (107,978)Interest income 61 72 115 Interest expense (585) (3,818) (3,825)Other income, net 112 2,671 1,493 Loss before income taxes (19,286) (20,252) (110,195)(Provision for) benefit from taxes (134) 244 (36,209)Net loss $(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404) Net loss per share: Basic $(0.43) $(0.45) $(3.36)Diluted $(0.43) $(0.45) $(3.36) Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share: Basic 45,197 44,454 43,528 Diluted 45,197 44,454 43,528 (1)Cost of revenue and operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows: Cost of revenue $3,780 $3,120 $2,767 Product development 2,340 2,395 2,429 Sales and marketing 1,825 2,144 2,937 General and administrative 3,023 2,196 2,296 See notes to consolidated financial statements 47QUINSTREET, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS(In thousands) Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Net loss $(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404)Other comprehensive (loss) income: Unrealized gain (loss) on investments: Change in unrealized gain (loss) — 13 (17)Less: reclassification adjustment related to realized loss, net of tax of $0 — 16 — Net change — 29 (17)Foreign currency translation adjustment (5) (18) (49)Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap: Change in unrealized gain — 225 24 Less: reclassification adjustment related to realized loss, net of tax of $0 — 405 — Net change — 630 24 Other comprehensive (loss) income (5) 641 (42)Comprehensive loss $(19,425) $(19,367) $(146,446) See notes to consolidated financial statements 48QUINSTREET, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY(In thousands, except share data) Accumulated Retained Additional Other Earnings Total Common Stock Paid-in Comprehensive (Accumulated Shareholders’ Shares Amount Capital Loss Deficit) Equity Balance at June 30, 2013 42,886,884 $43 $226,857 $(1,012) $53,007 $278,895 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 731,936 1 3,652 — — 3,653 Release of restricted stock, net 407,088 — — — — — Stock-based compensation — — 10,562 — — 10,562 Withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement — — (1,958) — — (1,958)Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation — — 445 — — 445 Net loss — — — — (146,404) (146,404)Other comprehensive loss — — — (42) — (42)Balance at June 30, 2014 44,025,908 $44 $239,558 $(1,054) $(93,397) $145,151 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 211,878 1 974 — — 975 Release of restricted stock, net 380,064 — — — — — Stock-based compensation — — 9,989 — — 9,989 Withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement — — (1,163) — — (1,163)Net loss — — — — (20,008) (20,008)Other comprehensive income — — — 641 — 641 Balance at June 30, 2015 44,617,850 $45 $249,358 $(413) $(113,405) $135,585 Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 4,531 — 26 — — 26 Release of restricted stock, net 934,914 — — — — — Stock-based compensation — — 11,048 — — 11,048 Withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement — — (2,482) — — (2,482)Net loss — — — — (19,420) (19,420)Other comprehensive loss — — — (5) — (5)Balance at June 30, 2016 45,557,295 $45 $257,950 $(418) $(132,825) $124,752 See notes to consolidated financial statements 49QUINSTREET, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(In thousands) Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net loss $(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 15,087 18,867 26,097 Impairment of goodwill — — 95,641 Write-off of bank loan upfront fees — 809 — Provision for sales returns and doubtful accounts receivable 789 142 (104)Stock-based compensation 10,968 9,855 10,429 Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation — — (543)Gains on sale of investment and domain names (181) (3,331) (1,413)Other adjustments, net 116 247 296 Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: Accounts receivable (1,767) (4,403) (3,484)Prepaid expenses and other assets 4,448 (181) (6,254)Deferred taxes (496) 1,786 45,075 Other assets, noncurrent (8,179) (5) (77)Accounts payable (505) 2,030 539 Accrued liabilities 608 494 (161)Deferred revenue (8) 33 (702)Other liabilities, noncurrent (445) (202) (558)Net cash provided by operating activities 1,015 6,133 18,377 Cash Flows from Investing Activities Capital expenditures (1,859) (3,346) (5,455)Business acquisitions — (500) (875)Other intangibles — — (2,816)Internal software development costs (3,482) (2,342) (2,494)Purchases of marketable securities — (16,600) (50,770)Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities — 26,849 49,768 Proceeds from sales of marketable securities — 28,427 — Purchase of investment — (2,500) — Proceeds from sale of investment — — 1,437 Proceeds from sale of domain names 156 3,371 476 Other investing activities (17) (89) (2)Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (5,202) 33,270 (10,731)Cash Flows from Financing Activities Proceeds from exercise of common stock options 26 1,300 3,329 Proceeds from revolving loan facility — 15,000 — Principal payments on term loan facility — (77,500) (12,500)Payment of bank loan upfront fees — (272) — Principal payments on acquisition-related notes payable (41) (484) (2,953)Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation — — 543 Withholding taxes related to restricted stock net share settlement (2,482) (1,163) (1,958)Net cash used in financing activities (2,497) (63,119) (13,539)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (74) 7 (47)Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (6,758) (23,709) (5,940)Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 60,468 84,177 90,117 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $53,710 $60,468 $84,177 Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information Cash paid for interest 643 3,052 3,762 Cash paid for income taxes 863 237 1,569 Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing Activities Purchases of property and equipment — 1,832 — See notes to consolidated financial statements 50QUINSTREET, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. The CompanyQuinStreet, Inc. (the “Company”) is a digital performance marketing product and media company. The Company was incorporated in California inApril 1999 and reincorporated in Delaware in December 2009. The Company specializes in customer acquisition for clients in high value, information-intensivemarkets or “verticals,” including financial services, education business-to-business technology and home services. The corporate headquarters are located in FosterCity, California, with additional offices throughout the United States, Brazil and India. While the majority of the Company’s operations and revenue are in NorthAmerica, the Company has emerging businesses in Brazil and India. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesPrinciples of ConsolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company also evaluates its ownership in entities todetermine if they are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), if the Company has a variable interest in those entities, and if the nature and extent of those interests resultin consolidation. Refer to Note 4 for more information on VIEs. The Company applies the cost method of accounting for investments in entities if the Companydoes not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entities. The interests held at cost are periodically evaluated for other-than-temporary declines invalue. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requiresmanagement to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date ofthe financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of thedate of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates.Revenue RecognitionRevenue earned through the delivery of qualified leads, clicks, calls, customers and, to a lesser extent, display advertisements, or impressions constitutedsubstantially all revenue in fiscal year 2016, and more than 99% of revenue in fiscal years 2015 and 2014. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasiveevidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Delivery is deemed to haveoccurred at the time a qualified lead, inquiry, click, call, application, or customer is delivered to the client provided that no significant obligations remain.The Company allocates revenue in an arrangement using the estimated selling price (“ESP”) of deliverables if it does not have vendor-specific objectiveevidence (“VSOE”) of selling price based on historical stand-alone sales or third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price. Due to the unique nature of some of itsmultiple deliverable revenue arrangements, the Company may not be able to establish selling prices based on historical stand-alone sales or third-party evidence,therefore the Company may use its best estimate to establish selling prices for these arrangements under the standard. The Company establishes best estimateswithin a range of selling prices considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, class of client, size of transaction, available media inventory, pricingstrategies and market conditions. The Company believes the use of the best estimate of selling price allows revenue recognition in a manner consistent with theunderlying economics of the transaction.From time to time, the Company may agree to credit a client for certain leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, customers or impressions if they fail tomeet the contractual or other guidelines of a particular client. The Company has established a sales reserve based on historical experience. To date, such creditshave been within the Company’s estimates.Separately from the agreements the Company has with clients, the Company also has agreements with Internet search companies, third-party publishers andstrategic partners to generate potential qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, or customers for our clients. The Company receives a fee from ourclients and separately pays a fee to the Internet search companies, third-party publishers and strategic partners. The Company is the primary obligor in thetransaction. As a result, the fees paid by its clients are recognized as revenue and the fees paid to its Internet search companies, third-party publishers and strategicpartners are included in cost of revenue. 51NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Deferred revenue is comprised of contractual billings in excess of recognized revenue and payments received in advance of revenue recognition.Concentrations of Credit RiskFinancial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents andaccounts receivable. The Company’s investment portfolio consists of money market funds. Cash is deposited with financial institutions that management believesare creditworthy. To date, the Company has not experienced any material losses on its investment portfolio.The Company maintains contracts with its clients, most of which are cancelable with little or no prior notice. In addition, these contracts do not containpenalty provisions for cancellation before the end of the contract term. In fiscal year 2016, the Company had one client, The Progressive Corporation,that accounted for 12% of net revenue. No other client accounted for 10% or more of net revenue in fiscal year 2016 and no client accounted for 10% or more ofnet revenue in fiscal years 2015 or 2014.The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from clients located principally in the United States. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluation ofits clients, does not require collateral, and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on client accounts when deemed necessary. No client accounted for 10%or more of net accounts receivable as of June 30, 2016 or 2015.Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and a revolving loan facility. The fairvalue of the Company’s cash equivalents is determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets for its money market funds. The recordedvalues of the Company’s accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their current fair values due to the relatively short-term nature of these accounts.The Company believes that the fair value of the revolving loan facility approximates its recorded amount as of June 30, 2016 as the interest rate on the revolvingloan facility is variable and is based on market interest rates and after consideration of default and credit risk.Cash and Cash EquivalentsAll highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist ofmoney market funds as of June 30, 2016.Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimateduseful lives of the assets, as follows: Computer equipment3 yearsSoftware3 yearsFurniture and fixtures3 to 5 yearsLeasehold improvementsthe shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of theimprovements Internal Software Development CostsThe Company incurs costs to develop software for internal use. The Company expenses all costs that relate to the planning and post-implementation phasesof development as product development expense. Costs incurred in the development phase are capitalized and amortized over the product’s estimated useful life ifthe product is expected to have a useful life beyond six months. Costs associated with repair or maintenance of existing sites or the developments of websitecontent are included within cost of revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s policy is to amortize capitalized internalsoftware development costs on a product-by-product basis using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the application, which is generally twoyears. The Company capitalized $3.5 million, $2.5 million and $2.5 million in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Amortization of internal software developmentcosts is reflected within cost of revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.52NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) GoodwillThe Company conducts a test for the impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit level on at least an annual basis and whenever there are events or changesin circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the estimated fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Application of the goodwillimpairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reportingunits, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating futurecash flows and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, an appropriate control premium and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates andassumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit which could trigger impairment.In the third quarter of fiscal year 2016, the Company’s public market capitalization experienced a decline to a value below the net book carrying value of theCompany’s equity which triggered the necessity to conduct an interim goodwill impairment test as of March 31, 2016. As all revenue in fiscal year 2016 had beenearned through the delivery of qualified leads, inquiries, clicks, calls, applications, customers, and to a lesser extent, display advertisements, or impressions, theCompany had one reporting unit as of March 31, 2016. Given that the Company’s shares are publicly traded in an active market, the Company believes that thequoted market price provides evidence of fair value. As of March 31, 2016, the Company’s market capitalization exceeded the Company’s net book carrying value.Additionally, the Company estimated fair value utilizing a weighting of the fair values derived from the market and income approach which exceeded theCompany’s net book carrying value. Based on the results of the step one interim impairment test, the Company determined there were no indicators of impairmentas of March 31, 2016.The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2016 for fiscal year 2016. The Company conducted a qualitative assessment todetermine whether it is necessary to perform a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company considered anysignificant change in key factors such as industry and competitive environment, stock price, actual revenue performance compared to previous years and budget,EBITDA and cash flow generation, since the most recent valuation date, March 31, 2016. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, there were noindicators of impairment. As of June 30, 2016, the Company did not identify any indicators of impairment.The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2015 for fiscal year 2015. The Company had two reporting units for purposes ofallocating and testing goodwill, DMS and DSS. The Company conducted a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was necessary to perform a two-stepquantitative goodwill impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company considered the impact of key factors such as changes in industry andcompetitive environment, stock price, actual revenue performance compared to previous years, forecasts and cash flow generation. Based on the results of thequalitative assessment, there were no indicators of impairment.The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test on April 30, 2014 for fiscal year 2014 and concluded that the carrying value of the DSSreporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. This resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $1.2 million for the entire goodwill of its DSSreporting unit. The Company estimated the fair value of its DMS reporting unit and determined that there were no instances of impairment in its DMS reportingunit.The Company’s public market capitalization sustained a decline after June 30, 2014 primarily due to the Company’s operating results in the fourth quarterof fiscal year 2014, to a value below the net book carrying value of the Company’s equity. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash goodwill impairmentcharge in its DMS reporting unit in the aggregate of $95.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2014.Long-Lived AssetsThe Company evaluates long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and purchased intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever eventsor changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company applies judgment when assessing the fair value ofthe assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognizes an impairment loss if estimated undiscounted future cashflows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. Whenthe Company identifies an impairment, it reduces the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach or, whenavailable and appropriate, to comparable market values. As of April 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets and concluded therewere no indicators of impairment. As mentioned in the Goodwill section above, the Company’s public market capitalization sustained a decline after June 30, 2014,to a value below the net book carrying value of its equity. As such, the Company tested its long-lived assets related to its DMS reporting unit as of June 30, 2014and, based on the undiscounted cash flows, determined that these assets were not impaired.53NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Advertising CostsThe Company expenses advertising costs the first time the advertising takes place. The Company’s advertising costs were $0.1 million, $0.7 million and$1.1 million in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.Income TaxesThe Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach to record deferred taxes. The Company’s deferred income tax assets representtemporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities that will result in deductible amounts infuture years. Based on estimates, the carrying value of the Company’s net deferred tax assets assumes that it is not more likely than not that the Company will beable to generate sufficient future taxable income in the respective tax jurisdictions. The Company’s judgments regarding future profitability may change due tofuture market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s foreign operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuations. The majority of the Company’s sales and expenses are denominated inU.S. dollars. The functional currency for the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. For these subsidiaries, assets and liabilitiesdenominated in foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates for monetary assets and liabilities and historical exchange rates fornonmonetary assets and liabilities. Net revenue, cost of revenue and expenses are generally remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period.Gains and losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in other income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Certain foreignsubsidiaries designate the local currency as their functional currency. For those subsidiaries, the assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchangerates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates for the period. The foreign currency translationadjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and lossesare recorded within other income, net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and were not material for any period presented.Comprehensive LossComprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive (loss) income. Other comprehensive (loss) income refers to revenue,expenses, gains, and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss. The Company’s comprehensiveloss and accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as theirfunctional currency, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as available-for-sale and unrealized gains and losses on the interest rate swap.Total accumulated other comprehensive loss is displayed as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.Loss ContingenciesThe Company is subject to the possibility of various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. Management considers the likelihood ofloss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as its ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. Anestimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonablyestimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to its management to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whethernew accruals are required.From time to time, the Company is involved in disputes, litigation and other legal actions. The Company records a charge equal to at least the minimumestimated liability for a loss contingency only when both of the following conditions are met: (i) information available prior to issuance of the financial statementsindicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the range of loss can bereasonably estimated. The actual liability in any such matters may be materially different from the Company’s estimates, which could result in the need to adjustthe liability and record additional expenses.54NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Stock-Based CompensationThe Company measures and records the expense related to stock-based transactions based on the fair values of stock-based payment awards, as determinedon the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with a service condition is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock onthe date of grant. To estimate the fair value of stock options, the Company selected the Black-Scholes option pricing model. To estimate the fair value of restrictedstock units with a service and market condition, the Company selected the Monte Carlo simulation model. In applying these models, the Company’s determinationof the fair value of the award is affected by assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are notlimited to, the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the award and the employees’ actual and projected stock option exercise and pre-vestingemployment termination behaviors.The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method, based on awards ultimatelyexpected to vest. The Company estimates future forfeitures at the date of grant. On an annual basis, the Company assesses changes to its estimate of expectedforfeitures based on recent forfeiture activity. The effect of adjustments made to the forfeiture rates, if any, is recognized in the period that change is made. Refer toNote 10, Stock Benefit Plans, for additional information regarding stock-based compensation.401(k) Savings PlanThe Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all U.S. employees. There were no employer contributions under this plan in fiscalyears 2016, 2015 or 2014.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard update on revenue from contracts with clients. The new guidance provides that an entity shouldrecognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to beentitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March and April 2016, the FASB amended this standard to clarify implementation guidance on principal versusagent considerations and the identification of performance obligations and licensing. In May 2016, the FASB amended this standard to address improvements to theguidance on collectability, noncash consideration, and completed contracts at transition as well as provide a practical expedient for contract modifications attransition and an accounting policy election related to the presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers. The new standards becomeeffective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years with early adoption permitted. The Company is currentlyassessing the impact of this new guidance.In February 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard update on consolidating legal entities in which a reporting entity holds a variable interest.The amended guidance modifies the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs and affects the consolidation analysis ofreporting entities that are involved with VIEs that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. The new guidance becomes effective for fiscal yearsbeginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of thisnew guidance.In November 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard update on the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The new standard requiresentities to classify deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The new guidance becomes effective for fiscalyears beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this amendedguidance in the fourth quarter of 2016 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.The Company’s June 30, 2015 balances were not retrospectively adjusted.In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard update which replaces ASC 840, “Leases.” The new guidance requires a lessee to recognizeon its balance sheet a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a lease liability representing its lease paymentobligations. The guidance also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, on agenerally straight-line basis. The guidance becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with earlyadoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this new guidance.In March 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard update on the accounting for share-based payments. The new guidance simplifies severalaspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholdingrequirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The55NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) guidance becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim period s within those years, with early adoption permitted. TheCompany is currently assessing the impact of this new guidance. 3. Net Loss per ShareBasic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Dilutednet loss per share is computed by using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including potential dilutive shares of common stockassuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method.The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 (In thousands, except per share data) Numerator: Basic and Diluted: Net loss $(19,420) $(20,008) $(146,404)Denominator: Basic and Diluted: Weighted average shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share 45,197 44,454 43,528 Net loss per share: Basic and Diluted (1) $(0.43) $(0.45) $(3.36)Securities excluded from weighted average shares used in computing diluted net loss per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive: (2) 5,331 8,198 8,843 (1)Diluted EPS does not reflect any potential common stock relating to stock options or restricted stock units due to net losses incurred in fiscal years 2016,2015 and 2014. The assumed issuance of any additional shares would be anti-dilutive.(2)These weighted shares relate to anti-dilutive stock options and restricted stock units as calculated using the treasury stock method and could be dilutive inthe future. 4. Fair Value Measurements, Marketable Securities and Variable Interest EntitiesFair Value MeasurementsFair value is defined as the price that would be received on sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (“exit price”) in an orderly transaction betweenmarket participants at the measurement date. The FASB has established a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptionsdeveloped based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptionsdeveloped based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which givesthe highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under the guidance for fair value measurement are described below:Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Pricing inputs are based upon quoted prices in activemarkets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. The valuations are based on quotedprices of the underlying security that are readily and regularly available in an active market, and accordingly, a significant degree of judgment is notrequired. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company used Level 1 assumptions for its money market funds.Level 2 — Pricing inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments inmarkets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can becorroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company used Level2 assumptions for its acquisition-related promissory notes and revolving loan facility.Level 3 — Pricing inputs are generally unobservable for the assets or liabilities and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for theinvestment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require management’s judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants woulduse in pricing the assets or liabilities. The fair values are therefore56NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques. As of June 30, 2016and 2015, the Company did not have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.The Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 were categorized as follows in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2016 Using Quoted Prices in Significant Other Active Markets Observable for Identical Assets Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) Total Assets: Money market funds $20,203 $— $20,203 Liabilities: Revolving loan facility (1) $— $15,000 $15,000 Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2015 Using Quoted Prices in Significant Other Active Markets Observable for Identical Assets Inputs (Level 1) (Level 2) Total Assets: Money market funds $20,156 $— $20,156 Liabilities: Acquisition-related promissory note (1) $— $49 $49 Revolving loan facility (1) — 15,000 15,000 $— $15,049 $15,049 (1)These liabilities were carried at historical cost on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.Marketable SecuritiesAll liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. Investments with maturities greaterthan three months at the date of purchase are classified as marketable securities. Historically, the Company’s marketable securities have been classified andaccounted for as available-for-sale. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates the available-for-sale designation as of each balance sheet date. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as acomponent of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity.The Company held money market funds of $20.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015. Gross unrealized gains and losses were not material as thecarrying value approximated estimated fair value due to its short maturities. The Company did not hold any marketable securities as of June 30, 2016 and 2015.The Company did not realize any material gains or losses from sales of its securities in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, theCompany did not hold securities that had maturity dates greater than one year.Variable Interest EntitiesA VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact theentity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.The assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE requires significant assumptions and judgments, including the identification ofsignificant activities and an assessment of the Company’s ability to direct those activities. The Company has an equity interest in a privately held entity that is aVIE, of which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the interest of $2.5 million as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 is recognized at cost within otherassets, noncurrent in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s interest was evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2016 which did not result inany indications of impairment. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of the unconsolidated VIE was $2.5 million as of June 30, 2016, whichrepresents the carrying value of the Company’s investment in the VIE.57NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 5. Balance Sheet ComponentsAccounts Receivable, NetAccounts receivable, net was comprised of the following (in thousands): June 30, 2016 2015 Accounts receivable $49,503 $48,304 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (441) (440)Less: Allowance for sales returns (1,844) (1,624)Total $47,218 $46,240 Property and Equipment, NetProperty and equipment, net was comprised of the following (in thousands): June 30, 2016 2015 Computer equipment $14,673 $13,656 Software 11,191 11,079 Furniture and fixtures 3,240 3,124 Leasehold improvements 1,957 1,806 Internal software development costs 29,521 26,056 Total property plant and equipment, gross 60,582 55,721 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (52,904) (47,156)Total property plant and equipment, net $7,678 $8,565 Depreciation expense was $3.8 million, $4.0 million and $3.9 million for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Amortization expense related to internalsoftware development costs was $2.4 million, $2.4 million and $2.6 million for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.Prepaid Expenses and Other AssetsPrepaid expenses and other assets were comprised of the following (in thousands): June 30, 2016 2015 Income tax receivable $3,332 $9,719 Prepaid expenses 3,399 1,571 Other assets 324 379 Total $7,055 $11,669 During fiscal year 2016, the Company entered into a 10-year partnership agreement with a large online customer acquisition marketing company focused onthe U.S. insurance industry to be its exclusive click monetization partner for the majority of its insurance categories. The agreement included a one-time upfrontcash payment of $10.0 million. The payment is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. As of June 30, 2016, the Company has recorded$1.0 million within prepaid expenses and other assets and $8.3 million within other assets, noncurrent in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Amortizationexpense was $0.7 million for fiscal year 2016.58NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Accrued liabilitiesAccrued liabilities were comprised of the following (in thousands): June 30, 2016 2015 Accrued media costs $17,858 $14,728 Accrued compensation and related expenses and taxes payable 5,468 8,007 Accrued professional service and other business expenses 4,379 4,411 Total $27,705 $27,146 6. Intangible Assets, Net and GoodwillIntangible assets, net, excluding goodwill, consisted of the following (in thousands): June 30, 2016 June 30, 2015 Gross Net Gross Net Carrying Accumulated Carrying Carrying Accumulated Carrying Amount Amortization Amount Amount Amortization Amount Customer/publisher/advertiser relationships $36,669 $(35,648) $1,021 $37,056 $(33,916) $3,140 Content 61,717 (57,778) 3,939 62,162 (54,629) 7,533 Website/trade/domain names 31,470 (27,288) 4,182 31,533 (24,697) 6,836 Acquired technology and others 36,733 (35,794) 939 36,742 (35,221) 1,521 Total $166,589 $(156,508) $10,081 $167,493 $(148,463) $19,030 Amortization of intangible assets was $8.9 million, $12.5 million and $19.6 million for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.Future amortization expense for the Company’s intangible assets as of June 30, 2016 was as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ending June 30, Amortization 2017 $6,119 2018 2,238 2019 793 2020 761 2021 170 Thereafter — Total $10,081 The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for fiscal years 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands): Total Balance at June 30, 2014 $55,451 Additions 667 Balance at June 30, 2015 $56,118 Additions — Balance at June 30, 2016 $56,118 As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, goodwill was $56.1 million. There were no additions to goodwill in fiscal year 2016. The additions to goodwill in fiscal year2015 relate to the Company’s acquisition of a Brazil-based online lead generation company in exchange for $0.5 million in cash upon closing of the acquisition andestimated payments totaling $0.3 million to be paid in the five years following the acquisition date upon the achievement of certain financial metrics.There was no impairment charge recorded in fiscal years 2016 and 2015. 59NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 7. Income TaxesThe components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 US $(18,291) $(18,917) $(109,257)Foreign (995) (1,335) (938)Total $(19,286) $(20,252) $(110,195) The components of the provision for (benefit from) taxes were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Current Federal $(131) $(2,140) $(8,885)State (23) (149) (374)Foreign 271 129 361 Total current provision for (benefit from) income taxes $117 $(2,160) $(8,898)Deferred Federal $15 $1,954 $42,842 State — — 2,265 Foreign 2 (38) — Total deferred provision for (benefit from) income taxes 17 1,916 45,107 Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes $134 $(244) $36,209 The reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax and the Company’s effective tax rates as a percentage of income before income taxes was asfollows: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Federal tax rate 34.0% 34.0% 34.0%States taxes, net of federal benefit 7.7% 5.8% 2.4%Foreign rate differential (1.1)% (1.1)% (0.6)%Stock-based compensation expense (15.7)% (13.3)% (3.6)%Change in valuation allowance (25.2)% (25.0)% (60.5)%Impairment of goodwill — — (4.3)%Research and development credits 2.7% 1.6% 0.3%Other (3.1)% (0.8)% (0.7)%Effective income tax rate (0.7)% 1.2% (32.8)% 60NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The components of the current and long-term deferred tax liabilities, net were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 Current: Reserves and accruals $— $3,091 Stock options — 1,942 Other — 74 Total current deferred tax assets — 5,107 Valuation allowance - ST — (4,940)Current deferred tax assets, net $— $166 Noncurrent: Reserves and accruals $3,309 $1,134 Stock options 5,885 5,825 Intangible assets 47,850 53,261 Net operating loss 18,812 5,717 Fixed assets 9 (702)Tax credits 3,874 2,785 Other 91 93 Total noncurrent deferred tax assets 79,830 68,113 Valuation allowance - LT (79,868) (68,301)Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net $(38) $(188)Total deferred tax liabilities, net $(38) $(22) The Company recorded a valuation allowance against the majority of the Company’s deferred tax assets at the end of fiscal year 2014 due to the significantnegative evidence that the near term realization of certain assets were deemed unlikely. The Company regularly assesses the continuing need for a valuationallowance against its deferred tax assets. Significant judgment is required to determine whether a valuation allowance continues to be necessary and the amount ofsuch valuation allowance, if appropriate. The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative to determine, based on the weight of availableevidence, whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the continued need for a valuationallowance the Company considers, among other things, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, and theduration of statutory carryforward periods. As of June 30, 2016, the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be fullyrealizable and continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company had a federal operating loss carryforward of approximately $45.3 million and $14.1 million. As of June 30,2016 and 2015, the Company’s state operating loss carryforward was approximately $28.7 million and $13.8 million. Included in the federal, California and otherstate net operating loss carryovers above were approximately $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million related to stock option windfall deductions, which whenrealized will be credited to equity. The federal and state net operating losses, if not used, will begin to expire on June 30, 2035 and June 30, 2034. The operatingloss carryforward in the Brazil jurisdiction was approximately $1.8 million and does not have an expiration date. The operating loss carryforward in the Indiajurisdiction was approximately $4.0 million which will begin to expire on June 30, 2021. The Company has federal and California research and development taxcredit carry-forwards of approximately $1.9 million and $4.7 million to offset future taxable income. The federal research and development tax credits, if not used,will begin to expire on June 30, 2033, while the state tax credit carry-forwards do not have an expiration date and may be carried forward indefinitely.Utilization of the operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations providedby the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of operating loss carryforwardsand credits before utilization.United States federal income taxes have not been provided for the $2.7 million of cumulative undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiariesas of June 30, 2016. The Company’s present intention is that such undistributed earnings be permanently reinvested offshore, with the exception of theundistributed earnings of its Canadian subsidiary. The Company would be subject to additional United States taxes if these earnings were repatriated. The amountof the unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.61NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amoun ts of unrecognized tax benefits was as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Balance at the beginning of the year $3,263 $3,077 $2,692 Gross increases - current period tax positions 362 337 379 Gross increases - prior period tax positions 38 115 323 Gross decreases - prior period tax positions — (44) — Reductions as a result of lapsed statute of limitations (488) (222) (317)Balance at the end of the year $3,175 $3,263 $3,077 The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the Company’s (provision for) benefit from incometaxes. As of June 30, 2016, the Company has accrued $1.0 million for interest and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits. The balance of interest andpenalties is recorded as a noncurrent liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.As of June 30, 2016, unrecognized tax benefits of $1.5 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company does notanticipate that the amount of existing unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months.The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S., income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2011. TheCompany files income tax returns in the United States, various U.S. states and certain foreign jurisdictions. As of June 30, 2016, the tax years 2011 through 2015remain open in the U.S., the tax years 2011 through 2015 remain open in the various state jurisdictions, and the tax years 2013 through 2015 remain open in variousforeign jurisdictions. 8. DebtLoan FacilityIn November 2011, the Company entered into a credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with Comerica Bank (the “Bank”), the administrative agent and leadarranger. The Credit Agreement consisted of a $100.0 million five-year term loan facility, with annual principal amortization of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 50%, anda $200.0 million five-year revolving loan facility maturing on November 4, 2016.On February 15, 2013, the Company entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Amendment to Guaranty (“First Amendment”) with theBank to, among other things: (1) amend the definition of EBITDA; and (2) reduce the $200.0 million five-year revolving loan facility to $100.0 million. Upfrontarrangement fees incurred in connection with the First Amendment totaled $0.2 million. In connection with the reduction of the revolving credit line capacity,during the third quarter of fiscal 2013 the Company accelerated amortization of approximately $0.7 million of unamortized deferred upfront costs.On July 17, 2014, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to Credit Agreement (“Second Amendment”) with the Bank to, among other things,amend the financial covenants and reduce the revolving loan facility from $100.0 million to $50.0 million, each effective as of June 30, 2014. Upfront arrangementfees incurred in connection with the Second Amendment totaled $0.3 million and were deferred and amortized over the remaining term of the arrangement. Inconnection with the reduction of the revolving loan facility, the Company accelerated amortization of approximately $0.3 million of unamortized deferred upfrontcosts.On June 11, 2015, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Credit Agreement (“Third Amendment”) with the Bank to, among other things, payoff in full and terminate the term loan facility, amend the financial covenants, reduce the revolving loan facility from $50.0 million to $25.0 million and extend theexpiration date of the Credit Agreement from November 4, 2016 to June 11, 2017. Pursuant to the Third Amendment, each of the revolving loan facility lenders(other than the Bank) assigned its revolving loan facility commitments to the Bank, resulting in the Bank remaining as sole lender under the Credit Agreement.Upfront arrangement fees incurred in connection with the Third Amendment were not material. In connection with the termination of the term loan facility, theCompany accelerated amortization of approximately $0.5 million of unamortized deferred upfront costs.The Credit Agreement, as amended from time to time, is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. Borrowings under the revolving loan facilityare subject to a borrowing base consisting of eligible receivables and certain other customary conditions.62NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) Pursuant to the Second Amendment, (1) the applicable margin for base rate borrowings was set at (a) 1.375% for the revolving loan facility or (b) 1.75% forthe term loan facility, and (2) the applicable margin for Eurodollar rate borrowings was set at (a) 2.375% for the revolving loan facility or (b) 2.75% for the termloan facility.Pursuant to the Third Amendment, borrowings under the revolving loan facility bear interest at a Eurodollar rate plus 3.00%.EBITDA under the Credit Agreement is defined as net loss less benefit from (provision for) taxes, depreciation expense, amortization expense, stock-basedcompensation expense, interest and other expense, net, acquisition costs for business combinations, extraordinary or non-recurring non-cash expenses or lossesincluding, without limitation, goodwill impairments, and any extraordinary or non-recurring cash expenses in an aggregate amount not to exceed $5.0 million forthe life of the Credit Agreement, as amended from time to time. The Company must pay an annual facility fee of $62,500 and an annual unused fee of 0.25% of theundrawn revolving loan facility commitment. The Company has the right to prepay the revolving loan facility or permanently reduce the revolving loan facilitycommitment without premium or penalty, in whole or in part at any time.The Credit Agreement, as amended, contains limitations on the Company’s ability to sell assets, make acquisitions, pay dividends, incur capitalexpenditures, and also requires the Company to comply with certain additional covenants. In addition, pursuant to the Third Amendment, the Company is requiredto maintain financial covenants as follows when there are amounts outstanding under the revolving loan facility and at the time the Company draws down amountsunder the revolving loan facility:1. Minimum EBITDA as of the end of each fiscal quarter for the trailing twelve month period of not less than:(a) $1 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015;(b) $2,000,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2015;(c) $3,000,000 for the quarter ended December 31, 2015;(d) $4,000,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2016; and(e) $5,000,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.Thereafter, minimum EBITDA increases each quarter in $1,000,000 increments; provided that there shall be no loss in EBITDA greater than$2,000,000 in any fiscal quarter during such trailing four quarter period.2. Minimum adjusted quick ratio as of the end of each month of not less than 1.25 to 1.00.The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement, as amended, as of June 30, 2016 and 2015.As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, $15.0 million was outstanding under the revolving loan facility. The Company’s revolving loan facility matures in June 2017and payment of the outstanding balance is due at that time.Interest Rate SwapDuring fiscal years 2015 and 2014, the Company held an interest rate swap to reduce its exposure to the financial impact of changing interest rates under itsterm loan facility. This interest rate swap was designated as a cash flow hedge of the interest rate risk attributable to forecasted variable interest payments. Theeffective portion of the fair value gains or losses on this swap was included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss with any hedgeineffectiveness immediately recognized into earnings.In June 2015, in connection with the repayment in full and termination of the term loan facility, the Company also terminated the interest rate swapagreement. Upon settlement, the Company recognized an expense of $0.3 million within other income, net, in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.Letters of CreditThe Company has a $0.4 million letter of credit agreement with a financial institution that is used as collateral for fidelity bonds placed with an insurancecompany and a $0.5 million letter of credit agreement with a financial institution that is used as collateral for the Company’s corporate headquarters’ operatinglease. The letters of credit automatically renew annually without amendment unless cancelled by the financial institutions within 30 days of the annual expirationdate. 63NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) 9. Commitments and ContingenciesLeasesThe Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through fiscal year 2021. Rent expense for fiscal years2016, 2015 and 2014 was $3.4 million, $3.5 million and $3.6 million. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period andaccrues for rent expense incurred but not paid.Future annual minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2016 were as follows (in thousands): Operating Fiscal Year Ending June 30, Leases 2017 $3,545 2018 3,422 2019 1,449 2020 159 2021 26 Thereafter — Total $8,601 In February 2010, the Company entered into a lease agreement for its corporate headquarters located at 950 Tower Lane, Foster City, California. The termof the lease began on November 1, 2010 and expires on October 31, 2018. The Company has the option to extend the term of the lease twice by one additional year.The monthly base rent was abated for the first 12 calendar months under the lease, and was $0.1 million through the 24th calendar month of the term of the lease.Monthly base rent increased to $0.2 million for the subsequent 12 months and now increases approximately 3% after each 12-month anniversary during theremaining term, including any extensions under options to extend.Guarantor ArrangementsThe Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was,serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amountof future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officerinsurance policy that limits its exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts under certain circumstances and subject to deductiblesand exclusions. As a result of its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is not material.Accordingly, the Company had no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015.In the ordinary course of its business, the Company from time to time enters into standard indemnification provisions in its agreements with its clients.Pursuant to these provisions, the Company may be obligated to indemnify its clients for certain losses suffered or incurred, including losses arising from violationsof applicable law by the Company or by its third-party publishers, losses arising from actions or omissions of the Company or its third-party publishers, and forthird-party claims that a Company product infringed upon any United States patent, copyright, or other intellectual property rights. Where practicable, the Companylimits its liabilities under such indemnities. Subject to these limitations, the term of such indemnification provisions is generally coterminous with thecorresponding agreements and survives for the duration of the applicable statute of limitations after termination of the agreement. The potential amount of futurepayments to defend lawsuits or settle indemnified claims under these indemnification provisions is generally limited and the Company believes the estimated fairvalue of these indemnity provisions is not material. Accordingly, the Company had no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2016 and 2015. 10. Stock Benefit PlansStock-Based CompensationIn fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $11.0 million, $9.9 million and $10.4 million. There wereno excess tax benefits recognized in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 due to the Company’s full valuation allowance. The Company recognized related excess taxbenefits of $0.5 million in fiscal year 2014.64NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) There was no gross benefit of tax deductions recognized in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 due to the Company’s full valuation allowance. The Companyincluded as part of cash flows from financing activities a gross benefit of tax deduct ions of $0.5 million in fiscal year 2014 related to stock-based compensation.Stock Incentive PlansIn November 2009, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Incentive Plan”) and the Company’s stockholdersapproved the 2010 Incentive Plan in January 2010. The 2010 Incentive Plan became effective upon the completion of the IPO of the Company’s common stock inFebruary 2010. Awards granted after January 2008 but before the adoption of the 2010 Incentive Plan continue to be governed by the terms of the 2008 EquityIncentive Plan. All outstanding stock awards granted before January 2008 continue to be governed by the terms of the Company’s amended and restated 1999Equity Incentive Plan.The 2010 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), nonstatutory stock options (“NQSOs”), restricted stock, restricted stockunits (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights, performance-based stock awards and other forms of equity compensation, as well as for the grant of performance cashawards. The Company may issue ISOs only to its employees. NQSOs and all other awards may be granted to employees, including officers, nonemployee directorsand consultants.Prior to fiscal year 2016, the Company granted restricted stock units with a service condition (“service-based RSUs”). In fiscal year 2016, the Company alsobegan granting to employees RSUs with a service and market condition (“market-based RSUs”) that requires that the Company’s stock price achieve a specifiedprice above the grant date stock price before it can be eligible for service vesting conditions. To date, the Company has issued ISOs, NQSOs, RSUs andperformance-based stock awards under the 2010 Incentive Plan. ISOs and NQSOs are generally granted to employees with an exercise price equal to the marketprice of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. Stock options granted to employees generally have a contractual term of seven years and vest over fouryears of continuous service, with 25 percent of the stock options vesting on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant and the remaining 75 percent vesting inequal monthly installments over the three year period thereafter. RSUs granted to employees prior to fiscal year 2013 generally vest over five years of continuousservice, with 15 percent of the RSUs vesting on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, 60 percent vesting in equal quarterly installments over the followingthree years and the remaining 25 percent vesting in equal quarterly installments over the last year of the vesting period. RSUs granted to employees starting infiscal year 2013 generally vest over four years of continuous service, with 25 percent of the RSUs vesting on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant and6.25% vesting quarterly thereafter for the next 12 quarters.An aggregate of 13,642,714 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2010 Incentive Plan as of June 30, 2016, and thisamount will be increased by any outstanding stock awards that expire or terminate for any reason prior to their exercise or settlement. The number of shares of theCompany’s common stock reserved for issuance is increased annually through July 1, 2019 by up to five percent of the total number of shares of the Company’scommon stock outstanding on the last day of the preceding fiscal year. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2010 Incentive Plan is30,000,000. There were 12,665,625 shares available for issuance under the 2010 Incentive Plan as of June 30, 2016.In November 2009, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2010 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Award Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”) and thestockholders approved the Directors’ Plan in January 2010. The Directors’ Plan became effective upon the completion of the Company’s IPO. The Directors’ Planprovides for the automatic grant of NQSOs and RSUs to non-employee directors and also provides for the discretionary grant of NQSOs and RSUs. Stock optionsgranted to new non-employee directors vest in equal monthly installments over four years and annual stock option grants to existing directors vest in equal monthlyinstallments over one year. In fiscal years 2016 and 2015, initial RSU grants vest daily over a period of four years and annual RSU grants vest daily over a periodof one year. Prior to fiscal year 2015, the annual RSU grants vested quarterly over a period of four years and the initial RSU grants vested quarterly over a period ofone year.An aggregate of 2,789,628 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance under the Directors’ Plan as of June 30, 2016. This amount isincreased annually, by the sum of 200,000 shares and the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to awards granted under theDirectors’ Plan during the immediately preceding fiscal year. There were 1,357,702 shares available for issuance under the Directors’ Plan as of June 30, 2016.Valuation AssumptionsThe Company estimates the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Options are granted with anexercise price equal to the fair value of the common stock at the date of grant. The Company calculates the weighted average expected life of options using thesimplified method pursuant to the accounting guidance for share-based65NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) payments as its historical exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term . The Company estimates the expectedvolatility of its common stock base d on its historical volatility over the expected term of the stock option and market-based RSU. The Company has no history orexpectation of paying dividends on its common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term co nsistent with the expected term ofthe stock option and market-based RSU.The weighted average Black-Scholes model assumptions and the weighted average grant date fair value of stock options in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014were as follows: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Expected term (in years) 3.9 4.6 4.6 Expected volatility 43% 46% 48%Expected dividend yield — — — Risk-free interest rate 1.0% 1.6% 1.4%Grant date fair value $1.83 $1.87 $3.67 The Company estimates the fair value of market-based RSUs at the date of the grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The weighted average MonteCarlo simulation model assumptions in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Expected term (in years) 4.0 — — Expected volatility 47% — — Expected dividend yield — — — Risk-free interest rate 1.3% — — Grant date fair value $5.04 — — The fair value of service-based RSUs is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Compensation expense isamortized net of estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the stock-based compensation awards. Stock Option Award ActivityThe following table summarizes the stock option award activity under the plans in fiscal years 2016 and 2015: Weighted Weighted Average Aggregate Average Remaining Intrinsic Exercise Contractual Life Value Shares Price (In years) (In thousands) Outstanding at June 30, 2014 7,512,592 $10.32 3.27 $225,182 Granted 453,608 4.65 Exercised (211,878) 4.60 Forfeited (292,815) 9.92 Expired (1,583,066) 10.46 Outstanding at June 30, 2015 5,878,441 $10.07 2.88 $950,759 Granted 297,586 5.41 Exercised (4,531) 5.79 Forfeited (143,863) 7.84 Expired (1,720,385) 10.18 Outstanding at June 30, 2016 4,307,248 $9.78 2.67 $14,573 Vested and expected-to-vest at June 30, 2016 (1) 4,251,699 $9.81 2.65 $14,573 Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2016 3,834,714 $10.10 2.41 $14,573 66NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) (1)The expected-to-vest options are the result of applying the pre-vesting forfeiture assumption to total outstanding options.The following table summarizes outstanding and exercisable stock options by range of exercise price as of June 30, 2016: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Weighted Average Weighted Weighted Remaining Average Average Range or Exercise Prices Number of Shares Contractual Term Exercise Price Number of Shares Exercise Price $2.99 - $5.65 472,211 5.00 $4.56 360,251 $4.44 $5.79 - $6.38 442,014 5.10 $5.90 290,716 $5.89 $6.59 - $9.01 673,568 1.33 $8.37 637,567 $8.41 $9.23 - $9.44 321,274 2.06 $9.34 313,461 $9.33 $9.55 - $9.55 508,750 4.07 $9.55 369,383 $9.55 $9.64 - $9.64 442,500 3.07 $9.64 416,405 $9.64 $9.81 - $11.26 454,436 0.87 $10.60 454,436 $10.60 $11.67 - $11.67 465,200 2.09 $11.67 465,200 $11.67 $12.43 - $16.89 207,395 1.94 $15.78 207,395 $15.78 $19.00 - $19.00 319,900 0.41 $19.00 319,900 $19.00 $2.99 - $19.00 4,307,248 2.67 $9.78 3,834,714 $10.10 The following table summarizes the total intrinsic value, the cash received and the actual tax benefit of all options exercised in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and2014: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Intrinsic value $1 $131 $1,875 Cash received 26 975 3,652 Tax benefit — — — As of June 30, 2016, there was $1.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options which are expected to berecognized over a weighted average period of 1.82 years.Service-Based Restricted Stock Unit ActivityThe following table summarizes the service-based RSU activity under the plans in fiscal years 2016 and 2015: Weighted Weighted Average Aggregate Average Remaining Intrinsic Grant Date Contractual Life Value Shares Fair Value (In years) (In thousands) Outstanding at June 30, 2014 1,647,337 $10.10 1.32 $9,077 Granted 3,443,278 5.26 Vested (606,209) 5.11 Forfeited (751,776) 7.04 Outstanding at June 30, 2015 3,732,630 $7.06 1.32 $24,064 Granted 98,999 5.99 Vested (1,481,325) 6.09 Forfeited (438,395) 6.12 Outstanding at June 30, 2016 1,911,909 $5.79 1.33 $6,691 At the time of vesting, a portion of service-based RSUs are relinquished and cancelled by the Company to provide for federal and state tax withholdingobligations resulting from the service-based RSU release. As of June 30, 2016, there was $8.2 million of67NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) total unrecognized compensation expense related to service-based RSUs which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.24 years.Market-Based Restricted Stock Unit ActivityThe following table summarizes the market-based RSU activity under the plans in fiscal year 2016: Weighted Weighted Average Aggregate Average Remaining Intrinsic Grant Date Contractual Life Value Shares Fair Value (In years) (In thousands) Outstanding at June 30, 2015 — $— — $— Granted 1,069,162 5.03 Vested — — Forfeited (63,560) 5.11 Outstanding at June 30, 2016 1,005,602 $5.03 1.36 $3,570 As of June 30, 2016, there was $2.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to market-based RSUs which are expected to be recognizedover a weighted average period of 1.36 years. 11. Related Party TransactionsOn April 22, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Transition Agreement”) with Bronwyn Syiek, the Company’s President, which providesfor the transition and conclusion of Ms. Syiek’s employment with the Company. Pursuant to the Transition Agreement, Ms. Syiek continued to work full time asthe Company’s President at her existing base salary through September 30, 2013. Ms. Syiek was eligible for, and received, a bonus for fiscal year 2013. OnSeptember 18, 2013, the Company entered into an amendment to the Transition Agreement, (the “Amended Transition Agreement”) whereby the amendmentreplaced the agreement in its entirety. Pursuant to the Amended Transition Agreement Ms. Syiek’s employment with the Company terminated on October 1, 2013,at which point Ms. Syiek entered into a consulting agreement with the Company, in consideration for which her “Continuous Service” (as defined in theCompany’s 2010 Equity Incentive Plan) continued for certain of her equity awards. Ms. Syiek received $37,400 in cash compensation under the consultingagreement. The consulting agreement terminated on March 30, 2014.In connection with its continuing review of non-strategic assets in March 2014, the Company elected to dispose of its equity investment in DemandBase,Inc. (“DemandBase”). In this regard, the Company contacted a number of existing DemandBase investors, including Split Rock Partners II, LP (“Split Rock”). SplitRock is managed by Split Rock Partners II Management, LLC, of which the Company’s director Mr. Simons is a managing director. In addition, Mr. Sands is amember of the board of directors of DemandBase and is also a managing partner of Costanoa Venture Capital, which is an investor in DemandBase. Accordingly,as the Company’s sale of the shares to Split Rock could be deemed a related person transaction, the Company conducted an auction process with respect to the saleof the DemandBase shares. Split Rock ultimately prevailed in that process, and the Company’s Audit Committee approved the sale in accordance with theCompany’s related person transactions policy. On April 11, 2014 the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with Split Rock whereby the partnershippurchased all 1,436,781 shares of Series D Preferred Stock of DemandBase owned by the Company for a total purchase price of $1,436,781. 12. Segment InformationOperating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by thechief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operatingdecision maker, its chief executive officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, and no expense or operating income is evaluated at asegment level. Given the consolidated level of review by the Company’s chief executive officer, the Company operates as one reportable segment.68NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued) The following tables set forth net revenue and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 2015 2014 Net revenue: United States $291,526 $276,182 $278,791 International 6,180 5,958 3,758 Total net revenue $297,706 $282,140 $282,549 June 30, June 30, 2016 2015 Property and equipment, net: United States $6,973 $8,313 International 705 252 Total property and equipment, net $7,678 $8,565 69 Item 9.Changes In and Disagreements with Acco untants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None.Item 9A.Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosurecontrols and procedures as of June 30, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information requiredto be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the timeperiods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure thatinformation required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to thecompany’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving theirobjectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluationof our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to the existence of amaterial weakness as discussed further below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level. Notwithstanding theidentified material weakness, our management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly represent in allmaterial respects our consolidated position, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financialreporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internalcontrol over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of its assets, (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordancewith generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of ourmanagement and directors, and (iii)provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of any unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that couldhave a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofinternal control effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree ofcompliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.Our management has assessed the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2016. In making this assessment, ourmanagement used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control — IntegratedFramework (2013).A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibilitythat a material misstatement of our annual or quarterly financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.We did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting over the accuracy of the accounting for stock-based compensation expense formarket-based restricted stock units. Specifically our internal controls with respect to stock-based compensation were not designed to appropriately identify andapply different expense recognition methodologies and, as a result, the compensation expense for market-based restricted stock units was incorrectly accounted forusing straight-line basis rather than accelerated basis over the requisite service period. This control deficiency resulted in an audit adjustment to our operating expenses and the revision of our quarterly financial statements used to derive theselected quarterly financial data table included in Item 7 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the70 periods ended September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016. Additionally, management assessed that this control deficiency could result in amisstatement of the aforementioned account balances and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our annual or quarterly financial statementsthat would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, we determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness. Based on thisevaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d)of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internalcontrol over financial reporting.Plan for Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial ReportingWe have begun taking steps to remediate the material weakness identified above primarily through enhancing the stock-based compensation process toinclude formal documentation and review of the expense recognition policy for new award types granted, and modifications to existing awards in the period suchawards are granted or modified.The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2016 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independentregistered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Item 9B.Other InformationOn August 12, 2016, the Board of Directors of QuinStreet, Inc. (the “Company”), upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee (the“Committee”), as part of its ongoing review of market practices for compensatory matters and recommendations by the Committee’s outside compensationconsultant, approved a change in control severance agreement to be entered into with each of our named executive officers to provide “double-trigger” change incontrol severance benefits. Under the change in control severance agreements, if the officer is terminated without cause, or resigns due to certain adverse changes in his or her job orcompensation, within 3 months before or within 12 months following a change of control, the officer will be eligible to receive severance benefits consisting of acash payment equivalent to 12 months of salary, target bonus and health benefits, as well as full vesting of outstanding equity awards. The agreements do notinclude any golden parachute excise tax gross-up provisions. Instead, in accordance with the Committee’s review of best practices, an officer’s severance benefitswill either be reduced below the level at which the excise tax applies or the officer will be responsible for paying the excise tax, whichever is better for the officeron an after-tax basis. Any change in control severance benefits are subject to execution of general release of claims against the Company by the officer. PART IIIItem 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceThe information required by this item concerning directors and executive officers is incorporated herein by reference from the sections to be titled “Electionof Class III Directors,” “Board of Directors” and “Directors and Executive Officers” in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and ExchangeCommission in connection with our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”). The Proxy Statement is expected to be filed no later than120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended June 30, 2016.The information required by this item with respect to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference from the section to be titled“Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement.Code of EthicsWe have adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers (including our principal executive officer, principal financialofficer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions), agents and representatives, including directors and consultants. We willmake any required disclosure of future amendments to our Code of Conduct and Ethics, or waivers of such provisions, applicable to any principal executive officer,principal financial officer, principal71 accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions or our directors on the investor relations page of our corporate website(www.quinstreet.com).Item 11.Executive CompensationThe information required by this item will be set forth in the sections to be titled “Report of the Compensation Committee,” “Board of Directors” and“Executive Compensation” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersThe information required by this item will be set forth in the sections to be titled “Executive Compensation” and “Stock Ownership of Certain BeneficialOwners and Management” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director IndependenceThe information required by this item will be included in the section to be titled “Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and“Board of Directors” in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and ServicesThe information required by this item will be set forth in the section to be titled “Ratification of the Selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as ourIndependent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.72 PART IVItem 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules(a) We have filed the following documents as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:1. Consolidated Financial Statements PageReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm45Consolidated Balance Sheets46Consolidated Statements of Operations47Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss48Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity49Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows50Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements51 2. Financial Statement SchedulesThe following financial statement schedule is filed as a part of this report:Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying AccountsThe activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts, sales returns and the deferred tax asset valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands): Balance at thebeginning of theyear Charged toexpenses/againstrevenue Write-offsnet of recoveries Balance at the endof the year Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns Fiscal year 2014 $2,026 $322 $(426) $1,922 Fiscal year 2015 $1,922 $923 $(781) $2,064 Fiscal year 2016 $2,064 $789 $(568) $2,285 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Fiscal year 2014 $947 $67,225 $— $68,172 Fiscal year 2015 $68,172 $5,069 $— $73,241 Fiscal year 2016 $73,241 $6,627 $— $79,868 Note: Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts and the valuation allowance are charged to expense. Additions to the allowance for sales credits arecharged against revenue.All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.(b) ExhibitsSee the exhibit index immediately following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.73 SIGNA TURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on August 19, 2016. QuinStreet, Inc. By:/s/ Douglas Valenti Douglas Valenti Chairman and Chief Executive OfficerPOWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS , that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Douglas Valenti andGregory Wong, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him in any and allcapacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connectiontherewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission hereby ratifying and confirming that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his substitute orsubstitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrantand in the capacities and on the dates indicated. SignatureTitleDate /s/ Douglas ValentiChairman of the Board and ChiefAugust 19, 2016Douglas ValentiExecutive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Gregory WongChief Financial Officer and Senior Vice PresidentAugust 19, 2016Gregory Wong(PrincipalFinancial and Accounting Officer) /s/ Stuart M. HuizingaDirectorAugust 19, 2016Stuart Huizinga /s/ Robin JosephsDirectorAugust 19, 2016Robin Josephs /s/ John G. McDonaldDirectorAugust 19, 2016John G. McDonald /s/ David PauldineDirectorAugust 19, 2016David Pauldine /s/ Gregory SandsDirectorAugust 19, 2016Gregory Sands /s/ Marjorie T. SennettDirectorAugust 19, 2016Marjorie T. Sennett /s/ James SimonsDirectorAugust 19, 2016James Simons 74 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit 2.1(8)Stock Purchase Agreement, dated November 5, 2010, by and among QuinStreet, Inc., Car Insurance.com, Inc., Car Insurance Agency, Inc.,Car Insurance Holdings, Inc., CarInsurance.com, Inc., Lloyd Register IV, Lloyd Register III, David Fitzgerald, Timothy Register, RandyHorowitz and Erick Pace. 3.1(6)Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. 3.2(7)Bylaws. 4.1(3)Form of QuinStreet, Inc.’s Common Stock Certificate. 10.1(1)+QuinStreet, Inc. 2008 Equity Incentive Plan. 10.2(1)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-executive officer employees). 10.3(1)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (for executive officers). 10.4(1)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-employee directors). 10.5(2)+QuinStreet, Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. 10.6(17)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-executive officer employees). 10.7(20)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for executive officers). 10.8(15)+Forms of Senior Management Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) Grant Notice and Agreement under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for executiveofficers). 10.9(15)+Forms of Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) Grant Notice and Agreement under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-executive officer employees). 10.10(21)+Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-employee directors). 10.11(12)+QuinStreet, Inc. 2010 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Award Plan. 10.12(13)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice for Initial Grants under the 2010 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Award Plan. 10.13(14)+Forms of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice for Annual Grants under the 2010 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Award Plan. 10.15(11)+Annual Incentive Plan. 10.16(9)Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, by and among QuinStreet, Inc., the lenders thereto andComerica Bank as Administrative Agent Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner, Bank of America N.A. as Syndication Agent, and UnionBank, N.A. as Documentation Agent dated as of November 4, 2011. 10.17(16)First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement and Amendment to Guaranty dated as ofFebruary 15, 2013. 10.18(5)Office Lease Metro Center, dated as of February 25, 2010, between the registrant and CA-Metro Center Limited Partnership. 10.19(4)+Form of Indemnification Agreement made by and between QuinStreet, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers. 10.20(10)Assurance of Voluntary Compliance dated June 26, 2012 by and among QuinStreet, Inc. and the Attorneys General of the States of Alabama,Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New York, NorthCarolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee and West Virginia. 75 10.21(23)License and Investment Agreement by and among QuinStreet, Inc., Bronwyn Syiek and TownB Corporation dated August 23, 2012. 10.23(18)Transition Agreement dated September 18, 2013 between the Company and Scott Mackley. 10.24(19)Transition Agreement dated September 18, 2013 between the Company and Bronwyn Syiek. 10.26(22)Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, as amended from time to time, datedas of July 17, 2014, by and among QuinStreet, Inc., Comerica Bank, as administrative agent, and certain lenders party thereto. 10.27(24)+Forms of Senior Management Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) Grant Notice and Agreement under 2010 Equity IncentivePlan (for executive officers). 10.28(25)+Form of Deferred Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under 2010 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Award Plan. 10.29(26)Third Amendment, to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, as amended from time to time, datedas of June 11, 2015, by and among QuinStreet, Inc., Comerica Bank, as administrative agent, and certain lenders party thereto. 10.30(27)+Forms of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) Grant Notice and Agreement under 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (for non-executiveofficer employees). 10.31(28)Counselor Agreement dated December 31, 2015 between the Company and William Bradley. 23.1*Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 24.1*Power of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). 31.1*Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of QuinStreet, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 31.2*Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of QuinStreet, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 32.1**Section 1350 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. 101.INS*XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101. LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101. PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *Filed herewith.**Furnished herewith.+Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.(1)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-163228) filed onNovember 19, 2009.(2)Incorporated by reference Exhibit 99.9 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(3)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-163228) filed on January 14, 2010.(4)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-163228) filed on January 26, 2010.(5)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on May 12, 2010.(6)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-163228) filed onDecember 22, 2009.76 (7)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No. 333-163228) filed onDecember 22, 2009. (8)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on November 8,2010.(9)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on November 8, 2011.(10)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on June 27, 2012.(11)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC File No.333-163228) filedon January 14, 2010.(12)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.12 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(13)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.13 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(14)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.14 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(15)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on August 23,2012.(16)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on February 15, 2013.(17)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.10 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(18)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on September 19, 2013.(19)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on September 19, 2013.(20)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.11 to QuinStreet Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-165534) filed on March 17, 2010.(21)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit to QuinStreet Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on August 20,2013.(22)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on July 22, 2014.(23)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on August 23, 2012.(24)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on September 12, 2014.(25)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on February 6, 2015.(26)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Current Report on Form Annual Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on June12, 2015.(27)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on August 19, 2015.(28)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to QuinStreet, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 001-34628) filed on February 9, 2016. 77 Exhibit 23.1CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S‑8 (Nos. 333-206472, 333-198714, 333-190735, 333-183517, 333-176272, 333-168322, 333-165534) of QuinStreet, Inc. of our report dated August 19, 2016 relating to the consolidated financial statements, financial statementschedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10‑K./s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Jose, California August 19, 2016 Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OFTHE SARBANES-OXLEY ACTI, Douglas Valenti, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of QuinStreet, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company andhave: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposesin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recentfiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, thecompany’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to thecompany’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controlover financial reporting. Date: August 19, 2016 /s/ Douglas ValentiDouglas ValentiChairman and Chief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer) Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OFTHE SARBANES-OXLEY ACTI, Gregory Wong, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of QuinStreet, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company andhave: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, toensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposesin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recentfiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, thecompany’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to thecompany’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonablylikely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controlover financial reporting. Date: August 19, 2016 /s/ Gregory WongGregory WongChief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEFFINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002The certification set forth below is being submitted in connection with the report on Form 10-K of QuinStreet, Inc. (the “Report”) for the purpose ofcomplying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of theUnited States Code.Douglas Valenti, the Chief Executive Officer and Gregory Wong, the Chief Financial Officer of QuinStreet, Inc., each certifies that, to the best of hisknowledge:1. the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of QuinStreet, Inc.Date: August 19, 2016 /s/ Douglas ValentiName: Douglas ValentiChairman and Chief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Gregory WongName: Gregory WongChief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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