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RELX
Annual Report 2010

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FY2010 Annual Report · RELX
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www.reedelsevier.com

Annual Reports and  
Financial Statements  
 2010

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Reed Elsevier is a world leading provider  
of professional information solutions in  
the Science, Medical, Risk, Legal and 
Business sectors. 

Our customers use our products every  
day to advance science, improve medical 
outcomes, evaluate risk, enable better legal 
decisions, forge business relationships and 
gain business insight.

Credits

Designed and produced by
CONRAN DESIGN GROUP
Board photography by 
Julian Calder
Printed by 
Pureprint Group, ISO14001, FSC® certified and CarbonNeutral®

Printed on Revive 50:50 Silk a recycled paper, Forest Stewardship 
Council (FSC) certified, containing 50% recycled waste and 50% 
virgin fibre and manufactured at a mill certified with ISO 14001 
environmental management standard. The pulp used in this product 
is bleached using an Elemental Chlorine Free process (ECF).  
The inks used in the printing of this report are all vegetable based.

Full report online 
The Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial 
Statements 2010 are available to view online.
www.reedelsevier.com/ar10

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Contents

Overview

2010 highlights

2

4

6

Governance

54 Board Directors

Chairman’s statement

56 Structure and corporate governance

Chief Executive Officer’s report

62 Directors’ remuneration report

Business review

8

Reed Elsevier

10 Elsevier

18

LexisNexis

30 Reed Exhibitions

34 Reed Business Information

38 Corporate responsibility

Financial review

42 Chief Financial Officer’s report

42 Combined businesses

47 Parent companies

50 Principal risks

81 Report of the Audit Committees 

Financial statements  
and other information

86 Combined financial statements

129   Summary combined financial 

information in euros

142   Reed Elsevier PLC annual report  

and financial statements

165   Reed Elsevier NV annual report  

and financial statements

189 Additional information for US investors

194 Shareholder information

198 Principal operating locations

Forward looking statements
The Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A  
of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements 
are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those currently  
being anticipated. The terms “estimate”, “project”, “plan”, “intend”, “expect”, “should be”, “will be”, “believe” and similar expressions identify  
forward-looking statements. Factors which may cause future outcomes to differ from those foreseen in forward-looking statements include, 
but are not limited to: general economic and business conditions; competitive factors in the industries in which Reed Elsevier operates; 
demand for Reed Elsevier’s products and services; exchange rate fluctuations; legislative, fiscal and regulatory developments; political risks; 
changes in law and legal interpretations affecting Reed Elsevier’s intellectual property rights and internet communications; the availability  
of third party content and data; terrorism, acts of war and pandemics; the impact of technological change; and other risks referenced  
from time to time in the filings of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV with the US Securities and Exchange Commission.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 01
Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 1 

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2010 highlights

Improved trading performance and good business progress
 > Revenue growth of 2% underlying against 6% decline in 2009
 > Adjusted operating margin 0.2% pts lower at 25.7%
 > Good progress on business unit specific priorities

– New content and information solutions launched
– Increased product development and sales & marketing
– Focus on cost efficiency and process innovation
– Portfolio actions taken

 > Strong cash generation

Prospects encouraging; recovery will be gradual

Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Revenue

£m

6,071 6,055

Adjusted operating profit

Adjusted profit before tax

€m
6,800 7,084

£m

1,570 1,555

€m
1,758 1,819

£m

1,279 1,279

€m
1,432 1,496

2009 2010

2009 2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

Parent companies

Reed Elsevier PLC:
Adjusted EPS
pence
45.9

43.4

Reed Elsevier PLC:
Dividend
pence

20.4

20.4

Reed Elsevier NV:
Adjusted EPS
a

0.79

0.78

Reed Elsevier NV:
Dividend
a

0.400 0.412

2009 2010

2009 2010

2009 2010

2009 2010

2 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier combined businesses

£€

2009
£m

6,071
787
435
391
3,931

£€

2009
£m

1,570
25.9%
1,279
982
1,558
99%

2010
£m

6,055
1,090
768
642
3,455

2010
£m

1,555
25.7%
1,279
983
1,519
98%

Change

0%
+39%
+77%
+64%

2010
€m

7,084
1,275
898
751
4,043

2009
€m

6,800
881
487
438
4,402

Change

+4%
+45%
+84%
+71%

Change

2010
€m

2009
€m

Change

-1%

0%
0%
-3%

1,819
25.7%
1,496
1,150
1,777
98%

1,758
25.9%
1,432
1,099
1,745
99%

+3%

+4%
+5%
+2%

For the year ended 31 December

Reported figures
Revenue
Operating profit
Profit before tax
Net profit
Net borrowings 

For the year ended 31 December

Adjusted figures
Operating profit
Operating margin
Profit before tax
Net profit
Operating cash flow
Operating cash flow conversion

Parent companies

Reed Elsevier PLC

Reed Elsevier NV

Adjusted earnings per share
Reported earnings per share
Ordinary dividend per share

2010

2009

43.4p
27.3p
20.4p

45.9p
17.2p
20.4p

Change

-5%
+58%
0%

2010

2009

Change

€0.78
€0.51
€0.412

€0.79
€0.32
€0.400

-1%
+62%
+3%

Change at
constant
currencies

-1%
+37%
+74%
+61%

Change at
constant
currencies

-2%

-1%
-1%
-3%

Change at
constant
currencies

-6%

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Change 
underlying

+2%

Change 
underlying

-1%

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The Reed Elsevier combined businesses encompass the businesses of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV, together with their two parent companies,  
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV (the “Reed Elsevier combined businesses”). The results of Reed Elsevier PLC reflect its shareholders’ 52.9% economic interest in the 
Reed Elsevier combined businesses. The results of Reed Elsevier NV reflect its shareholders’ 50% economic interest in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses. The respective 
economic interests of the Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders take account of Reed Elsevier PLC’s 5.8% indirect interest in Reed Elsevier NV.

Adjusted figures are additional performance measures used by management and are reconciled to the reported figures in note 10 to the combined financial statements and note 9 
to the respective parent company financial statements.

The percentage change at constant currencies refers to the movements at constant exchange rates, using 2009 full year average and hedge rates. Underlying change excludes the 
results of acquisitions and disposals made both in the year and in the prior year.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement

Anthony Habgood
Chairman

Considerable progress has been made  
during the year resulting in improvements  
in trading performance with underlying  
sales returning to positive organic growth. 
Reported profits are strongly ahead  
with the bulk of our major restructuring 
programmes now behind us. Management 
has put in place business unit teams to 
sharpen the focus on value creation and 
operational execution. I am confident that 
the good progress which is being made  
on individual business priorities will deliver 
further improvements.

I am pleased to report that Reed Elsevier has made significant 
progress in 2010 as our markets strengthened and we saw the 
benefit of the actions which management has taken in the business. 
Underlying revenues were 2% higher in constant currencies with  
the return to growth reflecting improved performance in our more 
cyclical markets, together with a sustained commitment to new 
product development and a focus on sales & marketing initiatives. 
Our reported revenues were flat at £6,055m expressed in sterling 
and increased by 4% to €7,084m expressed in euros. During the  
year, action was taken to divest low return assets, such that total 
revenues were 1% lower in constant currencies. 

Firm action on costs and further innovations in our operational 
processes has meant that total costs at constant exchange rates 
declined 1% and adjusted operating margins at 25.7% were just  
0.2 percentage points lower than in 2009, despite the increased 
spending on new product development and sales & marketing. 
Adjusted operating profits were 1% lower at £1,555m/up 3%  
at €1,819m. Adjusted profit before tax was flat at £1,279m/up 4% 
at €1,496m. Adjusted earnings per share were down 5% for Reed 
Elsevier PLC at 43.4p and 1% lower for Reed Elsevier NV at €0.78, 
taking into account 4% dilution from the July 2009 equity placing.

Reported operating profit was up 39% to £1,090m/45% to €1,275m. 
This reflects the absence of intangible asset and goodwill impairment  
in 2010 and much lower exceptional restructuring charges as we  
get these programmes behind us. Reported earnings per share for 
Reed Elsevier PLC were up 58% at 27.3p and for Reed Elsevier NV 
up 62% at €0.51.

4 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Dividends
The Boards are recommending equalised final dividends of 15.0p  
for Reed Elsevier PLC and €0.303 for Reed Elsevier NV, flat and up 
3% respectively against the prior year. This brings the total for the 
year to 20.4p for Reed Elsevier PLC and €0.412 for Reed Elsevier NV, 
respectively unchanged and an increase of 3%. The differing growth 
rates reflect movements in the sterling-euro exchange rate between 
dividend announcement dates.

Balance Sheet
During the year our net debt, which is principally denominated  
in US dollars, reduced from $6.3 billion to $5.4 billion reflecting  
the excellent cash generation in the year and capital discipline.  
Our financial position is strong and our balance sheet is well placed  
to support our business strategies.

Management and Boards
Over the past twelve months, our Chief Executive Officer,  
Erik Engstrom, has been reshaping the management organisation. 
LexisNexis, with effect from January 2011, has been divided  
into the Risk Solutions and Legal & Professional businesses,  
with distinct management teams reporting directly to him.  
Reed Business Information has undergone a major restructuring  
of its portfolio and operations during the year and is now organised  
by key asset groups, each with its own specific strategic priorities  
and management team. These changes will further improve the 
focus of each business in their respective markets and accelerate  
our progress.

In December 2010, Andrew Prozes retired from our Boards and 
as Chief Executive Officer of LexisNexis after 10 years of service. 
During that time, Andy built a leading Risk Solutions business,  
led the transition of the legal businesses from publishers of content 
to providers of online solutions, and developed a leadership position 
in online legal solutions outside the US. I would like to thank Andy for 
his contribution to the development of LexisNexis and Reed Elsevier 
over many years.

In April 2010, Dien de Boer-Kruyt retired from the Reed Elsevier NV 
Supervisory Board. At the Annual General Meetings in April 2011, 
Lord Sharman will also be stepping down as a non-executive director 
of our Boards. Both completed more than nine years of valuable 
Board service. Colin Sharman also served for all this period as an 
important member of the Audit Committees, eight years as their 
chairman, and was a key member of the Nominations Committee.  
I would like to thank both Dien and Colin for their substantial 
contributions to the Boards through a period of significant change  
for Reed Elsevier.

Marike van Lier Lels joined the Reed Elsevier NV Supervisory Board 
in January 2010 in anticipation of Dien’s retirement and I am pleased 
to say that Mr Adrian Hennah will join our Boards as a non-executive 
director, to succeed Lord Sharman, subject to shareholder approval 
at the respective Annual General Meetings in April. Adrian is a 
serving Chief Financial Officer of a FTSE 100 company with over 
25 years’ experience in finance and operations in the medical 
devices, technology and pharmaceuticals industries and he will bring 
highly relevant experience to our board discussions. On appointment, 
he will become a member of our Audit Committees and of the 
Corporate Governance Committee.

Going forward
Our markets have stabilised or are showing improvement. Each  
of our businesses is focused on value creation and operational 
execution. I am confident that the good progress which is being 
made on individual business priorities will deliver further 
improvements. 

Anthony Habgood
Chairman

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer’s report

on product development and sales & marketing, particularly in the  
legal & professional business, was funded largely by cost actions 
across the businesses with continuing focus on process innovation. 
Adjusted pre-tax profits were flat at £1,279m/up 4% at €1,496m,  
and 1% lower at constant currencies. 

Adjusted operating cash flow continued to be strong at  
£1,519m/€1,777m with an excellent 98% conversion of adjusted 
operating profits into cash. The post tax return on capital employed 
improved to 10.6%, 0.2 percentage points higher reflecting the 
strong cash generation and increased capital efficiency. 

Erik Engstrom
Chief Executive Officer

Adjusted earnings per share were down 5% to 43.4p for Reed 
Elsevier PLC, 1% lower at €0.78 for Reed Elsevier NV, and 6% lower 
at constant currencies. This included a 4% dilutive effect from the 
July 2009 equity placing.

The year has seen improved trading 
performance, with 2% organic revenue 
growth against a 6% decline last year. 
Increased spend on product development 
and sales & marketing was largely offset  
by cost efficiency gains. 

During 2010, we also made good progress against the key priorities 
we outlined for each of the businesses at the start of the year.  
In Elsevier, subscription renewals for 2010 were completed in line  
with our expectations and the renewals process for 2011 is well 
progressed. We continued to develop new content and innovative 
tools, including the launch of SciVerse, an integrated platform 
for researchers. LexisNexis Risk Solutions captured the benefit  
of increased market activity and growing demand for data and 
analytics. LexisNexis Legal & Professional added new features and 
content sets, including the initial launch of Lexis Advance for Solos,
the first of a series of tools for specific legal segments. Effective from 
January 2011, we reorganised LexisNexis Risk Solutions and Legal & 
Professional to operate as separate businesses, reporting directly to 
me, to sharpen the management focus on their respective markets. 
Reed Exhibitions significantly stepped up its launch programme 
with 35 new shows, particularly targeting high growth sectors  
and emerging markets and continued to invest in technology 
and innovation. Within Reed Business Information, we reshaped 
the portfolio, significantly reduced costs, and invested behind the 
successful data services business, including in early January this 
year the acquisition of a majority share in the leading petrochemical 
and energy information service CBI China.

Financial results
Total revenues were flat at £6,055m/up 4% to €7,084m and down  
1% at constant currencies, as the portfolio was reshaped through 
disposal and closure, most notably in Reed Business Information. 
Importantly on an underlying basis, excluding acquisitions and 
divestments, revenues returned to growth, up 2%, reflecting both  
the progress against our business priorities made during the year 
and our more cyclical markets stabilising. 

Adjusted operating profit was lower by 1% at £1,555m/up 3% at 
€1,819m and down 2% at constant currencies; on an underlying 
basis adjusted operating profit was down 1%. Increased spend  

We use adjusted figures as key performance measures, and these 
are stated principally before amortisation on acquired intangible 
assets, exceptional restructuring charges and acquisition related 
costs, and disposal gains and losses. Including these items,  
reported operating profit and pre-tax profit were 39% and 77% 
higher in sterling and 45% and 84% higher in euros, reflecting  
no intangible asset and goodwill impairment and much lower 
exceptional charges as our major restructuring programmes 
completed, with charges in 2010 relating to Reed Business 
Information only. Reported earnings per share were 58% higher  
at 27.3p for Reed Elsevier PLC and 62% higher at €0.51 for  
Reed Elsevier NV.

The Elsevier science and medical business (46% of adjusted 
operating profit) saw modest growth reflecting a constrained 
customer budget environment. Elsevier has continued to develop 
innovative new content and tools, with the initial launch in 2010  
of SciVerse, an integrated platform for accessing ScienceDirect,
Scopus and scientific web content. Also launched in beta version is 
the SciVerse Application Marketplace which facilitates collaboration 
across the scientific community in the development of customised 
search and discovery applications. Further institutional planning  
and performance tools are also being developed to help academic 
and government institutions evaluate their research performance  
and determine research strategies. In Health Sciences, the focus  
of development is in clinical decision support point-of-care solutions, 
clinical practice guidelines and predictive analytics to address  
the demand to make healthcare more efficient and to improve 
medical outcomes.

LexisNexis (38% of adjusted operating profit) returned to overall 
revenue growth, with strong growth in the risk business. Subscription 
revenues in the legal business continued to reflect the lower levels  
of law firm activity and employment. Adjusted operating margin was 
lower due to the weaker revenues and increased spending in the 
legal business on new product development, related infrastructure 
and sales & marketing.

In the risk solutions business, strong growth in the insurance 
business is supported by high transactional activity in the US auto 
and property markets. A continuous pipeline of new data and 
analytics products also drives growth, ranging from helping insurers 
better assess underwriting risk to reducing cost and improving the 
effectiveness of the insurers’ workflow, from initial potential customer 
contact to policy renewal. Recently introduced products include
Data Pre-Fill, which provides accurate information directly into the 

6 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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insurance workflow on customers, potential customers and their
auto ownership, and Insurance Exchange, which is directed at
improving the efficiency and transparency of communications
between insurance agents, brokers and carriers through the sharing
of customer application data.

40 shows in each of Brazil and China. Reed Exhibitions also
continued to develop websites, analytics and other innovative
online tools to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of events
for both exhibitors and attendees.

In the legal & professional business, continued good progress
is being made in the development of the next generation of legal
products and advanced operational infrastructure, which will be
progressively introduced over the next few years. 2010 saw the initial
market introduction, on version 1.0 of the new LexisNexis research
platform, of Lexis Advance for Solos, a legal research tool specifically
for US solo attorneys. This is the first of a series of tools for specific
segments of the legal market. Features and content are also being
progressively added to existing services such as Lexis for Microsoft
Office, which enables lawyers to conduct their Lexis searches within
Microsoft applications, and LexisNexis Verdict & Settlement Analyzer,
which provides data and analytics on previous settlements. In the
UK, LexisNexis continued to build out its practical guidance service
LexisPSL, with the introduction of further practice areas, including
company commercial. The increased spend on supporting these
important developments has in part been mitigated by continuing
cost efficiencies, including further outsourcing of production and
engineering activities, supply chain management and operational
streamlining.

Reed Exhibitions (10% of adjusted operating profit) saw good
revenue growth with the net cycling in of biennial exhibitions and
a significantly moderated decline in annual show revenues. The 2010
shows have seen overall success, with growing attendances at the
majority of annual events and exhibitor numbers up 4% in the top 50
annual shows. While recovery in the larger markets has taken longer
to materialise, by contrast, the shows in China, Russia, the Middle
East and Brazil grew strongly. Reed Exhibitions significantly stepped
up its launch programme in 2010 with 35 new events of which
14 were in Asia, including the successful Cloud Computing show in
Japan, and the PAX East games event in Boston. Reed Exhibitions
now operates nearly 100 shows in emerging markets with approximately

Revenue by format

64%

14%

22%

25%

14%

61%

Reed Business Information (6% of adjusted operating profit) saw
good growth in data services and online marketing solutions and
significantly moderated declines in advertising markets. The portfolio
was significantly reshaped and refocused. The sale and closure
of the US controlled circulation magazines and certain other titles
were completed, together with the sale of clusters of titles in Europe
and Asia. The business was redefined by asset group and clear,
distinct value creation plans were developed for each group.
We invested in data services and in January 2011, we increased our
investment to a majority position in the leading petrochemical and
energy information service in CBI China. There was also a significant
restructuring of the business with the consolidation of operations,
procurement savings and tight cost control.

The business and financial reviews set out in pages 8 to 37 describe
in more detail our markets, businesses and the performance and
outlook by business.

Outlook
Going forward we will continue to focus on creating value for our
customers, in each business unit and across Reed Elsevier. As we
go into 2011, most of our markets are stable or improving and we
are building on the actions taken in 2010 to strengthen the business
further. Overall, we expect a gradual recovery and a continued
improvement in performance.

We are focused on creating value for our professional customers
through helping them to deliver better outcomes more efficiently.
The business units have well defined priorities designed to capture
growth and deliver good returns targeting high growth markets
supported by a commitment to new product development and
increased sales & marketing. Across Reed Elsevier, we enhance
these initiatives through the building and leveraging of institutional
skills, including professional customer analysis and product
development, knowledge, methods and people as well as sharing
resources in software, technology and infrastructure.

We have a strong management team in place, with a sharpened
focus on value creation and operational execution. Our employees
are knowledgeable and passionate about the customers they serve
and are critical to achieving our goals over the coming years. I would
like to thank them for their continuing enthusiasm and commitment
to our customers and to creating value for Reed Elsevier.

Erik Engstrom
Chief Executive Officer

00

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Electronic

 Face to face

 Print

Completion of Reed Elsevier Code of Ethics
and Business Conduct training

Reed Elsevier has seen a significant migration from print
products to electronic content and tools over the last
ten years, so that print revenues now account for only
25% of revenues.

We prioritise employee ethics training
as part of our ongoing commitment
to implementing the highest standards
of corporate and individual behaviour
across Reed Elsevier

93%93%

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 7

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Reed Elsevier

Elsevier is the world’s leading provider of scientific and medical information and serves scientists,  
health professionals and students worldwide.

Its objective is to help its customers advance science and improve healthcare by providing  
world class information and innovative solutions that enable customers to make critical decisions,  
enhance productivity and improve outcomes. Elsevier publishes over 1,800 scientific and medical  
journals, through ScienceDirect, the world’s largest database of scientific and medical research,  
used by over 11 million researchers each year. In 2010, Elsevier published over 2,400 new book  
titles and clinical reference works both in print and online, as well as offering an extensive  
portfolio of online information databases and analytics.

LexisNexis’ content and tools enable legal, risk and other professional customers to make more  
effective and efficient decisions.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions provides data and analytics that enable its customers to evaluate  
and manage risks associated with transactions and improve performance.

LexisNexis Legal & Professional provides legal, tax, regulatory and news & business information  
and analysis to legal, corporate, government, accounting and academic markets.

Reed Exhibitions is the world’s leading events business, with over 450 events in 35 countries.  
Reed Exhibitions organises market-leading events that are relevant to industry needs,  
where participants from around the world come together to do business, network and learn.  
Through its portfolio of exhibitions and conferences it serves 44 industry sectors across the  
Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific.

Reed Business Information is a provider of business information, data and marketing solutions  
in multiple formats. It produces industry critical data services and lead generation tools,  
and over 100 online community and job sites. It publishes over 100 business magazines  
with market leading positions in many sectors.

8 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Revenue
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Adjusted operating profit
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information
Unallocated items

2010
£m

2,026
2,618
693
718

6,055

724
592
158
89
(8)

2009
£m

1,985
2,557
638
891

6,071

693
665
152
89
(29)

1,555

1,570

Change

+2%
+2%
+9%
-19%

0%

+4%
-11%
+4%
0%

-1%

Change at
constant
currencies

Change 
underlying

+2%
+1%
+9%
-20%

-1%

+4%
-12%
+4%
0%

-2%

+2%
+1%
+8%
-2%

+2%

+4%
-12%
+4%
+4%

-1%

Adjusted operating profit is presented as an additional performance measure used by management and is stated before amortisation and impairment of acquired 
intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, and is grossed up to exclude the equity share of taxes in joint ventures. 
Reconciliations between the reported and adjusted figures are provided in note 10 to the combined financial statements. The percentage change at constant 
currencies refers to the movements at constant exchange rates, using 2009 full year average and hedge rates. Underlying change excludes the results of 
acquisitions and disposals made both in the year and the prior year.

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In 2010, Reed Elsevier announced that LexisNexis would be reorganised into two separate risk solutions and legal & professional businesses, with the 
separation effective from 1 January 2011. The charts below reflect the Reed Elsevier business split of revenue and adjusted operating profit including  
this separation. The adjusted operating profit split is a pro forma division of the 2010 LexisNexis adjusted operating profit for the two businesses.

Revenue
£6,055m

Adjusted operating profit
£1,555m

Elsevier 34%
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 15% 
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 28%
Reed Exhibitions 11%
Reed Business Information 12%

Elsevier 46%
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 23% 
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 15%
Reed Exhibitions 10%
Reed Business Information 6%

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Revenue by format
£6,055m

Revenue by geographic market
£6,055m

Electronic 61%
Face to face 14% 
Print 25%

North America 55%
UK 8%
Netherlands 3% 
Rest of Europe 19%
Rest of World 15%

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 9

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ADVANCING 

SCIENCE

10 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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ELSEVIER IS THE WORLD’S LEADING
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION PROVIDER,
SERVING OVER 11 MILLION
RESEARCHERS
Elsevier delivers a wide array of information and workflow tools
that help researchers generate valuable insights in the advancement
of scientific discovery and improve the productivity of research.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 11

IMPROVING
MEDICAL
 OUTCOMES

12 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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ELSEVIER IS A WORLD LEADING
MEDICAL INFORMATION PROVIDER,
USED BY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
WORLDWIDE
Through its medical journals, books, major reference works, databases
and online information tools, Elsevier provides critical information and
analysis on which its customers rely to base their decisions, to improve
medical outcomes and enhance the efficiency of healthcare.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 13

Elsevier’s scientific and medical information and tools help
its customers improve outcomes in science and health

Elsevier is the world’s leading provider of scientific
and medical information and serves scientists, health
professionals and students worldwide. Its objective
is to help its customers advance science and improve
healthcare by providing world class information and
innovative solutions that enable customers to make critical
decisions, enhance productivity and improve outcomes.

Total revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were £2,026m.
Elsevier is a global business with principal operations in Amsterdam,
Beijing, Boston, Chennai, Delhi, London, Madrid, Milan, Munich,
New York, Oxford, Paris, Philadelphia, Rio de Janeiro, St. Louis,
San Diego, Singapore and Tokyo. Elsevier has 6,700 employees.

Elsevier is organised around two market-facing businesses:
Science & Technology, which serves the scientific and technology
communities, and Health Sciences, which serves the health
community. Both of these businesses are supported by a global
shared services organisation which provides integrated editorial
systems and production services, product platforms, distribution,
and other support functions.

Science & Technology is the world’s leading scientific information
provider. It delivers a wide array of information and workflow tools
that help researchers generate valuable insights in the advancement
of scientific discovery and improve the productivity of research.
Its customers are scientists, academic institutions, research leaders
and administrators, corporations and governments which rely on
Elsevier to: provide high quality content; review, publish, disseminate
and preserve research findings; and create innovative tools to help
focus research strategies and improve their effectiveness.

Elsevier publishes over 200,000 new science & technology research
articles each year through some 1,150 journals, many of which
are the foremost publications in their field and a primary point of
reference for new research. The vast majority of customers receive
these journals through ScienceDirect, the world’s largest database
of scientific and medical research, providing access to over
10 million scientific and medical journal articles, used by over
11 million researchers each year.

Elsevier also publishes over 700 new science & technology book
titles annually, supporting bibliographic data, indexes and abstracts,
and review and reference works. 14,000 online books are available
on ScienceDirect, with over 600 online books added each year.

Other major products include Scopus and Reaxys. Scopus is the
largest abstract and citation database of research literature in the
world, with abstracts and bibliographic information on more than
40 million scientific research articles from 18,000 peer reviewed
journals and over 5,000 publishers. Scopus also has data on more
than 23 million patents. Reaxys is a leading solution for synthetic
chemists that integrates chemical reaction and compound data
searching with synthesis planning.

A major challenge facing researchers and institutions is the ever
growing amount of research and related information but the limited
time to identify and analyse what is most relevant. To address this
challenge, Elsevier has been developing a suite of new products
that significantly improve the speed at which researchers are able
to find the most relevant information and analyse this information
using the most innovative applications. In 2010, SciVerse Hub beta
was launched providing a single search interface for accessing
ScienceDirect, Scopus and scientific web content. In November
2010, SciVerse Application Marketplace & Developer Network was
launched in beta enabling researchers and third party developers
to build customised applications on top of Elsevier’s information and
combine this with other data and analytics held by the customer.

Elsevier is continuing to develop the SciVal suite of products
that help academic and government institutions evaluate their
research performance, determine research strategies and increase
institutional efficiencies. Leveraging bibliometric data, such as
citations from Scopus, SciVal Spotlight helps institutions and
governments to identify their distinctive research strengths,
evaluate performance and increase the focus of their R&D
investments. SciVal Funding assists researchers and institutions
in identifying grants that are most relevant in their research areas.
In support of this strategy, Collexis was acquired in 2010, a leading
developer of semantic technology, which increases the efficiency
and effectiveness of the evaluation of grant applications by
funding agencies.

Journal Citation Reports® categories where
Elsevier journals ranked #1 by Impact Factor*

Growth in Scopus searches

Elsevier continues to improve journal
quality and relevance to the
communities they serve through
its world class editorial process
and by attracting the highest
quality research

2009

2008

Copyright© Thomson Reuters

57

51

*Impact Factor is the average citation rate of a journal’s articles over a defined period. The Journal
Citation Reports relate to the 2009 and 2008 edition but were published in 2010 and 2009 respectively

14 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

Increased customer base,
growth in available content and
higher customer usage drives
growth in Scopus searches

+30%

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Health Sciences is a world leading medical information provider.
Through its medical journals, books, major reference works,
databases and online information tools, Elsevier provides critical
information and analysis on which its customers rely to base their
decisions, to improve medical outcomes and enhance the efficiency
of healthcare. Health Sciences serves medical researchers, doctors,
nurses, allied health professionals and students, as well as hospitals,
research institutions, health insurers, managed healthcare
organisations and pharmaceutical companies.

Elsevier publishes over 700 health sciences journals, including
on behalf of learned societies, and, in 2010, over 1,700 new health
sciences book titles and clinical reference works were published
both in print and through ScienceDirect and other electronic
platforms such as MD Consult. MD Consult is a leading online
clinical information service with more than 2,200 institutional
customers. Flagship titles include market leading medical journals
such as The Lancet, and major medical reference works such as
Gray’s Anatomy, Nelson’s Pediatrics and Netter’s Atlas of Human
Anatomy. In addition to its local language publishing in many
countries across the world, Health Sciences leverages its content
and solutions into new markets through local language versioning.

Market Opportunities
The science and medical information markets have good long term
demand growth characteristics. The importance of research and
development to economic performance and competitive positioning
is well understood by governments, academic institutions and
corporations. This is reflected in the long term growth in R&D spend
and in the number of researchers worldwide, leading to greater
research output and publishing. Additionally there is growing
demand for tools that allow research to better target and improve
the spend and efficiency of the research process.

In health, market growth is also supported by demographic
trends, with ageing populations that require more healthcare, rising
prosperity in developing economies with increasing expectations of
better healthcare provision, and the increasing focus on improving
medical outcomes and efficiency.

Given that a majority of global R&D and healthcare is funded directly
or indirectly by governments, spending is influenced by governmental
budgetary considerations. The commitment to R&D and health
provision does however generally remain high, even in more difficult
budgetary environments.

Elsevier is a leader in medical education and training resources,
particularly to the nursing and allied health professions. From core
textbooks to virtual clinical patient care, Health Sciences supports
students, teaching faculties and healthcare organisations in
education and practice. A strong focus is on the further development
of innovative electronic services: the Evolve portal provides a rich
resource to support faculty and students and now has 2.4 million
registered users; Evolve Reach (Health Education Systems Inc.)
provides online review and testing tools for students of nursing
and the allied health professionals; Evolve Teach provides online
resources and solutions to support faculty.

Strategic Priorities
Elsevier’s strategic goal is to make valued contributions to the
communities it serves in advancing science, improving medical
outcomes and enhancing productivity. To achieve this, Elsevier is
focused on: building world-class content; deepening its customer
engagement to identify how better to help them achieve their desired
outcomes more efficiently and effectively; delivering tools which link,
analyse and illuminate content and data to help customers make
critical decisions and improve their productivity; increasing its
investment in high-growth markets and disciplines; and continuously
improving organisational efficiency.

A growing area of focus is clinical decision support, providing online
information and analytics to deliver patient-specific solutions at the
point of care to improve patient outcomes. Gold Standard provides
critical information on drug interactions to assist effective treatment;
CPM Resource Center provides a data driven framework to support
nurses in undertaking procedures; Nursing Consult provides nursing
care guidelines in trauma and disease management; MEDai uses
patient data and analytics to help identify areas for improvement
in clinical practice within hospitals and lower costs for the payers
of healthcare through preventative interventions.

Elsevier also provides marketing services to the pharmaceutical
industry through advertising and sponsored communications to
the specialist community it serves. In 2010, the standalone medical
agency communications business Excerpta Medica was divested
as part of a restructuring of this business focusing more on the
services which leverage Health Sciences’ core information and
distribution platforms.

In Science & Technology, priorities are to continually enhance the
quality and relevance of research and reference content and expand
data sets, while adding greater functionality and utility to the newly
launced SciVerse, ScienceDirect, Scopus and new tools to assist
researcher productivity. The SciVal suite of performance and
planning tools will continue to be expanded to help academic and
government institutions target their research spend and improve
research efficiency and economic outcomes.

In Health Sciences, priorities are similar, particularly with regard to
medical research, focusing on the quality and relevance of content
and the functionality of electronic platforms and services. Additionally,
Health Sciences continues to build out clinical decision support
services to meet customer demand for tools that deliver better
medical outcomes and lowers costs for payers, physicians and
hospitals. Elsevier is also focused on increasing growth in emerging
markets through expansion of local publishing and versioning of
content and electronic services.

Evolve unique site visits

Growth in international MD Consult sessions

Evolve site visits grow as more
users register and nursing faculties
and students increasingly use
electronic resources

+36%

Increasing expansion in international
markets (outside the US) as customers
look to use the online clinical

information service to access content +18%

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 15

 
 
 
 
 
 
In Health Sciences, revenues were flat at constant currencies,  
or up 1% underlying before taking account of small acquisitions and 
disposals. Modest growth was seen in medical research journal 
subscriptions revenues, reflecting the same academic budget 
pressures seen in Science & Technology. Subscriptions to integrated 
online solutions and other electronic product sales grew well in 
nursing and health professional education, clinical reference and  
in the majority of clinical decision support. Growth was tempered, 
however, by constrained budgets, pending US healthcare reform 
and moderating enrolment, as career schools adjust to expected 
legislation affecting student funding. Pharma promotion and other 
advertising revenues were lower, with continuing weakness in 
Europe. Emerging markets grew well due to the continued expansion 
of local publishing to meet the increasing demand for medical 
education and clinical reference products. 

Underlying cost growth was 1%, with increased spend on new 
product development, sales and marketing offset by additional cost 
savings in offshore production, procurement and the streamlining  
of operations and support services. The reported operating margin, 
after amortisation of acquired intangible assets, was 31.9%,  
up 3.5 percentage points reflecting in particular that there were  
no exceptional restructuring costs in 2010.

Going into 2011, the budget environment remains constrained in 
many markets but with large variations by geography and customer. 
The customer by customer renewal process for 2011 is well 
progressed. Good demand growth for electronic tools is continuing. 
Another year of modest revenue growth for Elsevier is expected.

Business Model, Distribution Channels and Competition
Science and medical research is principally disseminated on a paid 
subscription basis to the research facilities of academic institutions, 
government and corporations, and, in the case of medical and 
healthcare journals, also to individual practitioners and medical 
society members. Advertising and promotional revenues are  
derived from pharmaceutical and other companies.

Electronic products, such as ScienceDirect, Scopus and MDConsult,
are generally sold direct to customers through a dedicated sales 
force that has offices around the world. Subscription agents facilitate 
the sales and administrative process for print journals. Books are 
sold through traditional and online book stores, wholesalers and, 
particularly in medical and healthcare markets, directly to end users. 

Competition within science and medical publishing is generally on a 
title by title and product by product basis. Competing journals, books 
and databases are typically published by learned societies and other 
professional publishers. Workflow tools face similar competition as 
well as from software companies and internal solutions developed  
by customers.

2010 financial performance

Elsevier saw modest growth reflecting a constrained 
customer budget environment.

Revenues and adjusted operating profits increased by 2% and  
4% respectively at constant currencies, with the improvement  
in adjusted operating margin reflecting increased cost efficiency.

Science & Technology saw 3% revenue growth at constant 
currencies. ScienceDirect and other journal subscription revenues 
developed much as expected in a difficult academic budget 
environment. Content quantity, quality and usage continued to grow, 
reflecting the growth in research activity worldwide. The Scopus
abstract and indexing database performed particularly well with a 
significant increase in subscriptions. New content sets and product 
features were added and Scopus saw much higher usage with a 
30% increase in customer searches. Other specialist databases also 
grew well as the development of new features and content continued. 
In reference and education, in a smaller frontlist publishing year, 
electronic sales grew well and print revenue decline stabilised.

16 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Revenue
Science & Technology
Health Sciences

Adjusted operating profit

2010
£m

1,015
1,011

2,026

724

2009
£m

985
1,000

1,985

693

Change

+3%
+1%

+2%

+4%

Change at
constant
currencies

+3%
0%

+2%

+4%

Change
underlying

+3%
+1%

+2%

+4%

Revenue
% of Reed Elsevier

Adjusted operating profit
% of Reed Elsevier

Revenue
£m

Adjusted operating profit
£m

1,985

2,026

693

724

1,521

1,507

1,700

568

465

477

Elsevier 34%

Elsevier 46%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

The SciVerse platform combines content
from Elsevier products with a new discovery
hub and community developed applications

Leading web-based chemical reaction
workflow solutions for industrial chemists

Online clinical information service, including
reference works, journals and drug information

Science Direct is the world’s largest database
of scientific and medical research articles

Access to history of drug development
through unique online platform

Online evidence-based content to inform
nursing clinical decisions at the point of care

Scopus is the world’s largest scientific
abstract and citation database

Premier life sciences journal with the highest
impact factor in cell biology

Integrated, online resources that complement
Elsevier’s nursing textbook content

SciVal provides funding intelligence and research
performance tools for academic institutions

One of the world’s leading medical journals
since 1823

Clinical decision support tool to identify areas
for improvement in medical practice

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 17

 
 
 
 
 
 
    EVALUATING 

RISK

18 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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LEXISNEXIS RISK SOLUTIONS
PROVIDES DATA AND ANALYTICS
TO EVALUATE AND MANAGE RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSACTIONS
AND IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
The identity verification and risk evaluation data and analytics provided
by LexisNexis Risk Solutions utilise a comprehensive database of public
records and proprietary information, which is the largest database of its
kind in the US market today.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 19

ENABLING
 BETTER LEGAL

DECISI 

20 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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ONS

LEXISNEXIS LEGAL & PROFESSIONAL
IS A WORLD LEADING PROVIDER
OF CONTENT AND INFORMATION
SOLUTIONS
Serving customers in more than 100 countries, LexisNexis provides
resources and services that inform decisions and increase productivity.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 21

LexisNexis’ content and tools enable legal, risk and other professional
customers to make more effective and efficient decisions

In 2010, LexisNexis comprised the two market facing businesses:
Risk Solutions and Legal & Professional supported by shared service
functions. These businesses are described on the following pages.

Total LexisNexis revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were
£2,618m. During 2010, LexisNexis was headquartered in New York
and at 31 December 2010 had 14,700 employees worldwide.

Revenue

Adjusted operating profit

2010
£m

2,618

592

2009
£m

2,557

665

Change

+2%

-11%

Change at
constant
currencies

+1%

-12%

Change
underlying

+1%

-12%

Revenue
£m

1,940

1,570

1,594

2,557

2,618

Adjusted operating profit
£m

665

592

513

380

406

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2010 financial performance

LexisNexis returned to overall revenue growth, with strong
growth in the risk business. Subscription revenues in the
legal business continued to reflect the lower levels of law
firm activity and employment. Adjusted operating margin
was lower due to the weaker revenues and increased
spending in the legal business on new product development,
related infrastructure and sales & marketing.

LexisNexis revenues increased by 1% and adjusted operating profits
declined 12% at constant currencies, both before and after small
acquisitions and disposals.

The adjusted operating margin declined 3.4 percentage points due to
the revenue decline in the legal businesses combined with significant
increases in spend on new legal product development, related
infrastructure, sales & marketing, and restructuring costs. This
was in part mitigated by continuing cost actions, including further
outsourcing of production and engineering activities, supply chain
management and operational streamlining in the legal businesses
and the further integration within risk solutions. Underlying cost growth
was 6%. The reported operating margin, after amortisation of acquired
intangible assets and acquisition integration costs, was 12.4%, down
0.8 percentage points from the prior year which included exceptional
restructuring costs. There were no exceptional restructuring costs in
2010 other than in respect of acquisition integration.

22 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Effective from January 2011, the LexisNexis business has been  
split into two separate businesses – Risk Solutions and Legal & 
Professional – to sharpen the management focus on their respective 

markets. The division of 2010 adjusted operating profit between the 
two businesses is provided in the chart below on a pro forma basis 
for information only.

2010

Risk Solutions
Legal & Professional

Total  

* 2010 pro forma split of adjusted operating profit

Revenue
£m

927
1,691

2,618

Adjusted operating
profit*
£m

354
238

592

%*
Margin

38.2% 
14.1%

22.6%

In LexisNexis Legal & Professional, the 2008 pro forma adjusted 
operating margin is estimated to have been in the low 20s%. The 
decline in adjusted operating margin to the 2010 level of 14.1%  
(pro forma) has been driven by two main factors: first, a decline in 
revenues of approximately 3.5% per annum (5% decline in 2009 and 
2% decline in 2010); and secondly, growth in costs in the business  
of approximately 2% per annum as restructuring savings and other 
cost efficiencies have been offset by increased spend on product 
development and sales & marketing. Going forward, the adjusted 
operating margin is expected to remain broadly flat in 2011. In the 
medium term, margin is expected to recover gradually. 

The adjusted operating margin of LexisNexis in 2010 was 22.6%,  
with Risk Solutions at 38.2% and Legal & Professional at 14.1%  
(on a pro forma basis). The overall LexisNexis margin has declined 
over the last two years from 26.4% in 2008.

In LexisNexis Risk Solutions, the ChoicePoint business represents 
the majority of the revenue. When it was acquired in 2008 it had  
a pro forma adjusted operating margin of 24% and the existing 
LexisNexis risk business had an estimated operating margin in the 
mid to high 30s%. Since then, the combined Risk Solutions margins 
have benefited from cost efficiencies derived from the leveraging of 
resources across Risk Solutions, LexisNexis and Reed Elsevier in 
product technology, operations and other shared services to reach 
the 2010 pro forma 38%. Management focus on cost efficiencies  
will continue.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions

LexisNexis Risk Solutions provides data and analytics that enable its 
customers to evaluate and manage risks associated with transactions  
and improve performance

Risk Solutions is a leading provider of workflow solutions 
that combine proprietary, public and third-party information, 
analytics and advanced technology. These solutions assist 
customers in evaluating, predicting and managing risk  
and improving operational effectiveness, predominantly  
in the US. 

support functions including compliance and marketing. A number  
of transactional support activities, including some financial processes, 
are provided from a shared services organisation managed by the 
LexisNexis Legal & Professional business. The Legal & Professional 
business also distributes Risk Solutions products into legal markets 
in the US and internationally. 

Total revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were £927m. 
LexisNexis Risk Solutions is headquartered in Alpharetta, Georgia 
and has principal operations in Georgia, Florida, Connecticut and 
Ohio, and has 4,400 employees.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions is organised around market facing 
industry/sector groups: insurance, government, screening, and 
business services (including the receivables management, financial 
services and corporate groups), of which insurance is the most 
significant. These groups are supported by a shared infrastructure 
providing technology operations, data management, and other 

Insurance solutions provides the most comprehensive combination 
of data, analytics and software to property and casualty (P&C) 
personal and commercial insurance carriers in the US to improve 
critical aspects of their business, from customer acquisition and 
underwriting to policy servicing, claims handling and performance 
management. Information solutions, including the US’s most 
comprehensive personal loss history database C.L.U.E., help 
insurers assess risks and provide important inputs to underwriting 
policy. Recently introduced products include Data Pre-Fill, which 
provides accurate information directly into the insurance workflow  
on customers, potential customers and their auto ownership, and 
Current Carrier, which identifies current or previous insurance as well 

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 23

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between insurance companies and rising levels of internet quoting
and policy binding.

In screening, demand is driven mainly by employer hiring activity
and, in receivables management, by levels of consumer debt
defaults and the prospects of recovering those debts; both of these
markets are linked to employment levels in the US. A number of
factors support demand for risk solutions in the financial services
market, including new credit originations, fraud losses and regulatory
compliance requirements. Growth in government markets is driven
by the increasing use of data and analytics to combat criminal
activity and fraud, and to address security issues. The level and
timing of demand in this market is influenced by government
funding considerations.

Strategic Priorities
Risk Solutions’ strategic goal is to make businesses and government
more effective, through a better understanding of the risks
associated with individuals, other businesses and transactions and
by providing the tools to help manage those risks. To achieve this,
Risk Solutions is focused on: expanding the range of products
across the insurance carrier workflow; leveraging our advanced
technology capabilities; delivering innovative new products and
expanding the range of risk management solutions across adjacent
markets; and completing the multi-year process of integrating
the ChoicePoint businesses acquired in September 2008.

Business Model, Distribution Channels and Competition
Risk Solutions’ products are predominantly sold on a transactional
basis directly to insurance carriers, other corporations and
government entities.

Risk Solutions and Verisk sell data and analytics to insurance carriers
but largely address different activities. Risk Solutions’ principal
competitors include Thomson Reuters and First Data Corporation in
a number of segments that utilise public records. Major competitors
in pre-employment screening are Altegrity and Symphony
Technology Group.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions

as any lapses in coverage. In 2010, the Insurance Exchange was
launched enabling the sharing of customer application data among
participating insurance agents, brokers and carriers. The exchange
is directed at improving the efficiency and transparency of the
independent agent-based distribution system for insurance products.

Government solutions provides investigative solutions to US
federal, state and local law enforcement and government agencies
to help solve cases and identify and locate individuals. Additionally,
Government solutions helps mitigate risks of fraud, waste and abuse
in government programmes.

Screening solutions focuses on employment-related, resident and
volunteer screening, with the largest segment being pre-employment
screening services offered across a number of industries including
retail, recruitment, banking, and professional services. Receivables
Management solutions helps debt recovery professionals in
the segmentation, management and collection of consumer and
business debt. Financial Services provides financial institutions
with risk management, identity verification, fraud detection, credit risk
management, and compliance solutions. These include “know your
customer” and anti-money laundering products. The Corporate
group provides risk and identity management solutions for customers
in retail, telecommunications and utilities. The Risk Solutions business
also provides identity verification and risk related information to the
legal industry.

During 2010, a particular focus has been on developing a pipeline of
new solutions for select adjacent markets, sectors and geographies.

The identity verification and risk evaluation solutions provided by
Risk Solutions utilise a comprehensive database of public records
and proprietary information, which is the largest database of its kind
in the US market today. LexisNexis Accurint is the flagship identity
verification product, powered by the powerful High Performance
Cluster Computing (HPCC) technology. This technology enables Risk
Solutions to provide its customers with highly relevant search results
swiftly and to create new, low-cost solutions quickly and efficiently.

Market Opportunities
Risk Solutions operates in markets with strong long term underlying
growth drivers: insurance underwriting transactions; insurance,
healthcare and entitlement fraud; credit defaults and financial fraud;
regulatory compliance and due diligence requirements surrounding
customer enrolment and employment; and security considerations.

In the insurance segment, growth is supported by increasing
transactional activity in the auto and property insurance markets and
the increasing adoption by insurance carriers of more sophisticated
data and analytics in the prospecting, underwriting and claims
evaluation processes, to determine appropriate risk pricing, increase
competitiveness and improve operating cost efficiency. Transactional
activity is driven by the levels of insurance quoting as consumers
seek better policy terms, stimulated by increasing competition

Growth in insurance underwriting transactions

Growth in background screens

Growth in insurance underwriting
transactions is supported by
increased consumer demand for
quotes, encouraged by insurance
industry promotion and online quoting

+11%

Strong employee hiring activity,
particulary in the retail sector,
and share gains have driven the
increase in background screens

+11%

24 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Revenue

2010
£m

927

2009
£m

865

Change

+7%

Change at
constant
currencies

+6%

Change
underlying

+6%

Revenue
% of Reed Elsevier

Adjusted operating profit
% of Reed Elsevier

Revenue
£m

Adjusted operating profit*
£m

927

865

354

378

Risk Solutions 15%

Risk Solutions 23%

2008

2009

2010

2010

* On a pro forma basis

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2010 financial performance

LexisNexis Risk Solutions grew revenues 6% at constant
currencies, with the insurance segment continuing to
grow strongly and the more cyclical markets, most notably
employment screening, returning to growth.

C.L.U.E.®
Most comprehensive US personal
insurance claims database

The insurance solutions business saw revenue growth of 8%
driven by high transactional activity in the auto and property
insurance markets and increasing sales of data and analytics
products. The transactional activity growth reflects increasing
levels of insurance quoting as consumers seek better policy terms
stimulated by sustained promotion by insurance companies and the
growth of internet quoting and policy binding. A continuous pipeline
of new data and analytics products also drives growth, ranging from
helping insurers better assess underwriting risk to reducing cost
and improving the effectiveness of the insurers’ workflow, from initial
potential customer contact to policy renewal.

The more cyclical businesses returned to growth as the US economy
recovered. The employment screening business grew 12%,
compared to a decline of 22% in the prior year, as major retailers
and other employers increased hiring activity. Business services
saw good growth in the financial services segment with increasing
demand for anti-money laundering and fraud prevention products.
Demand growth in government markets for identity verification and
authentication information and analytics was however held back
somewhat by longer sales cycles reflecting the uncertainty over
government budgets.

Good growth is expected to continue in insurance with high
transactional activity and increasing sales of data and analytics.
A strong pipeline of product initiatives continues across the
Risk Solutions businesses.

LexisNexis®
Identity Management
Range of solutions to help clients
verify that an identity exists and
authenticate individuals

LexisNexis® Anti-Money
Laundering Solutions
Content and information for anti-
money laundering compliance, risk
mitigation and enhanced due diligence

LexisNexis®
Employment Screening
Leading US provider of
pre-employment screening solutions

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LexisNexis®(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:191)(cid:79)(cid:79)
Tool to automate insurance application
process providing critical information
insurers need to quote and underwrite
a policy

LexisNexis®
Insurance Exchange
Platform for sharing of customer
application data designed to improve
and enhance flow of application data
and documents

Accurint® for Collections
The leading online US solution to help
locate debtors quickly and accurately

LexisNexis®
Resident Screening
One of the most comprehensive
US multi-family housing screening
and collections services

Accurint® LE Plus
Integrated suite of tools for US law
enforcement investigators

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 25

 
 
 
 
 
 
LexisNexis Legal & Professional

LexisNexis Legal & Professional provides legal, tax, regulatory
and news & business information and analysis to legal, corporate,
government, accounting and academic markets

LexisNexis Legal & Professional is a world leading
provider of content and information solutions for legal
and other corporate markets. Serving customers in more
than 100 countries, LexisNexis Legal & Professional
provides resources and services that inform decisions
and increase productivity.

Total revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were £1,691m.
LexisNexis Legal & Professional is headquartered in New York and
has principal operations in Ohio and New Jersey in the United States,
in London and Paris in Europe, Canada, and in several other countries
in Africa and Asia Pacific. It has 10,300 employees worldwide.

LexisNexis Legal & Professional is organised through market facing
businesses, the most significant of which are Research & Litigation
Solutions and Marketing & Business Solutions in the US and
LexisNexis Europe, Middle East, Africa & Australasia and LexisNexis
Asia (together reported as International) outside the US. These
are supported by global shared services organisations providing
platform and product development, operational and distribution
services, and other support functions.

LexisNexis is a leading provider of legal and business information
and analysis to law firms, corporations and government throughout
the US. Electronic information solutions and innovative workflow
tools, developed through close collaboration with customers,
help law firms and other legal and business professionals make
better informed decisions in the practice of law and in managing
their businesses.

In Research & Litigation solutions, the flagship product for legal
research is Lexis.com, which provides federal and state statutes
and case law, together with analysis and expert commentaries
from sources such as Matthew Bender and Michie and the leading
citation service Shepard’s, which advises on the continuing
relevance of case law precedents. Through its suite of litigation
services, LexisNexis additionally provides lawyers with tools for
electronic discovery, evidence management, case analysis, court
docket tracking, e-filing, expert witness identification and legal
document preparation. LexisNexis also partners with law schools to
provide services to students as part of their training. In October 2010,
LexisNexis launched Lexis Advance for Solos, which is a legal
research tool built specifically for the US solo attorney market and
is the first product to be launched on the new LexisNexis research
platform. Both the product and the platform are version 1.0 and

over the next few years LexisNexis will be introducing products of
increasing sophistication and depth for specific customer segments
and to perform specific functions across the legal markets. Earlier
in the year, LexisNexis introduced Lexis for Microsoft Office, which
enables lawyers to conduct their Lexis searches within Microsoft
applications such as Word and Outlook. Other product introductions
included LexisNexis Verdict & Settlement Analyzer, which provides
data and analytics on previous settlements.

In the business of law, Marketing & Business solutions provides
law firms with practice management solutions, including time and
billing systems, case management, cost recovery and document
management services. LexisNexis assists law firms in their client
development through Lawyers.com, showcasing the qualifications
and credentials of more than one million lawyers and law firms
in the US and internationally, and providing law firms with
website development, search engine optimisation and other
web marketing services.

LexisNexis also provides its legal and information services to
US government, corporate and academic customers, including news
and business information and public records. In addition to research
and litigation services, capabilities for these customers include
specialist products for corporate counsel focused on regulatory
compliance, intellectual property management, and management
of external counsel.

In International markets outside the United States, LexisNexis
serves legal, corporate, government and academic markets in
Europe, Canada, Africa and Asia Pacific with local and international
legal, tax, regulatory and business information. The most significant
businesses are in the UK, France, Australia and Canada.

LexisNexis is focused across all its geographies on leveraging best
in class content and its market leading international online product
platform to deliver innovative electronic information services and
workflow tools to help legal and business professionals make better
informed decisions more efficiently. Penetration of online information
services is growing and electronic revenues now account for over
50% of LexisNexis total revenues outside the US.

Growth in Lawyers.com traffic

Growth in international online legal solutions

Increase in consumers searching
for lawyers online and growth in law
firm online marketing drives growth
in traffic to Lawyers.com

+12%

Growth in international (outside US)
online solutions and workflow tools
to help lawyers make better informed

decisions more efficiently +6%

26 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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In the UK, LexisNexis is a leading legal information provider  
in its market. It delivers a wide array of content and services, 
comprising an unrivalled collection of primary and secondary 
legislation, case law, expert commentary, and forms and precedents. 
Its extensive portfolio includes Halsbury’s Laws of England,  
Simon’s Taxes and Butterworths Company Law Service delivered 
through the UK’s flagship online product LexisLibrary and in print. 
Other electronic products include Lexis Legal Intelligence, a resource 
on legal practice for lawyers, and media monitoring and reputation 
management tools for the corporate market such as the NexisDirect
research tool. Additionally, LexisNexis provides law firms with 
practice management solutions. 

In 2010, LexisNexis continued to build its UK legal practical  
guidance service LexisPSL, and now has ten practice areas  
including company commercial, dispute resolution and employment. 
LexisPSL provides practical guidance on the application of law to 
complement and integrate with LexisNexis authoritative legal content 
and commentaries and legal forms and precedents.

In France, LexisNexis is a provider of information to lawyers, notaries 
and courts with JurisClasseur and La Semaine Juridique being the 
principal publications, delivered through lexisnexis.fr and in print. 
These content sources are, as in the UK, being combined with new 
content and innovative workflow tools to develop practical guidance 
and practice management solutions. During 2010, LexisNexis 
divested its legal publishing business in Germany as the investment 
required to build profitable scale was not considered to have 
adequate prospective returns. The news and business activities  
in Germany were retained.

Market Opportunities
Longer term growth in legal and regulatory markets worldwide  
is driven by increasing levels of legislation, regulation, regulatory 
complexity and litigation, and an increasing number of lawyers. 
Additional market opportunities are presented by the increasing 
demand for online information solutions and practice management 
tools that improve the quality and productivity of research, deliver 
better legal outcomes, and improve business performance. 
Notwithstanding this, legal activity and legal information markets  
are also influenced by economic conditions and corporate activity, 
as has been seen most recently with the dampening impact on 
demand of the recent global recession and the somewhat subdued 
environment that has followed in North America and in Europe.

Strategic Priorities
LexisNexis Legal & Professional’s strategic goal is to enable  
better legal outcomes and be the leading provider of productivity 
enhancing information and information-based workflow solutions in 
its markets. To achieve this LexisNexis is focused on: building world 
class content; developing next generation product platforms, tools 
and infrastructure to deliver best-in-class outcomes for legal and 
business professionals with greater speed and efficiency; building 
client development and practice management tools enabling 
customers to be more successful in their markets; international 
expansion and growth of online products and solutions; increasing 
LexisNexis’ presence in emerging markets; and improving 
operational efficiency.

In the US, the focus is on the continuing development of the next 
generation of legal research and practice solutions and a major 
upgrade in operations infrastructure and customer service and 
support platforms to provide an integrated and superior customer 
experience across US legal research, litigation services, practice 
management and client development. Progressive product 
introductions over the next few years will combine advanced 
technology with enriched content and sophisticated analytics and 
applications to enable LexisNexis’ customers to make better legal 
decisions and drive better outcomes for their organisations and 
clients. A further priority is to complete the transformation of the 
client development business from a legal directory business into 
a web marketing services company.

Outside the US, LexisNexis is focused on growing online services 
and developing further high quality actionable content and workflow 
tools, including the development of practical guidance and practice 
management applications. Additionally, LexisNexis is focusing on  
the expansion of its activities in emerging markets.

Business Model, Distribution Channels and Competition
LexisNexis Legal & Professional products and services are generally 
sold directly to law firms and to corporate, government and academic 
customers on a paid subscription basis, with subscriptions with law 
firms often under multi year contracts. 

Principal competitors for LexisNexis in US legal markets are West 
(Thomson Reuters), CCH (Wolters Kluwer) and BNA, and Bloomberg 
and Factiva (News Corporation) in news and business information. 
Competitors in litigation solutions also include software companies. 
Major international competitors include Thomson Reuters, Wolters 
Kluwer and Factiva. 

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 27

 
 
 
 
 
 
LexisNexis Legal & Professional

2010 financial performance

The LexisNexis Legal & Professional business saw a small 
revenue decline of 2% at constant currencies reflecting the 
impact on renewals and print product of the low levels of  
law firm activity and employment. Corporate, government 
and academic markets were lower.

US revenues declined 2% at constant currencies, or 1% underlying 
before the net effect of small disposals and acquisitions. This 
compares to a decline of 6% in the prior year. The decline was largely 
driven by the continued contraction in corporate, government and 
academic markets which saw revenues 5% lower in a challenging 
budgetary environment for customers, impacting in particular  
sales of the news & business information databases to corporate 
customers, which were down 13%. US law firm revenues were up 
2%; these would however have been down 2% ignoring the effect  
of last year’s revenue recognition change in Martindale Hubbell.  
Law firm subscription, print and transactional revenues remained 
under pressure as contract renewals reflected the lower levels of  
law firm activity and lawyer employment than was the case when 
they were last agreed, typically two to three years ago. 

Aside from this late cycle impact on renewals, which by the end  
of 2011 will be fully reflected in the base, legal markets in the US 
stabilised and good growth was seen in new sales. Good growth 
continued in litigation solutions, practice management and other 
services for law firms. In December 2010, LexisNexis acquired 
StateNet, the leading publisher of information on the progress  
of prospective legislation through the US legislative process.

Outside the US, International revenues declined 2% at constant 
currencies. Online legal solutions saw revenues up 6% with strong 
demand for technology enabled content and new workflow tools. 
Market penetration of these services continues to increase across  
all geographies. Print sales declined, particularly in the UK as law 
firms cut back on spending and place increasing reliance on online 
services. Electronic revenues now account for more than 50% of  
the International business.

Continued good progress is being made in the development of  
the next generation of legal products and advanced operational 
infrastructure, which will be progressively introduced over the next 
few years. 

While law firms, corporations and governments remain cautious in 
their spending, new sales continue to be higher and the environment 
is more stable. Revenue recovery is expected to be gradual, with the 
adjusted operating margin broadly flat in 2011.

28 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Revenue

US
International

Total

2010
£m

1,121
570

1,691

2009
£m

1,126
566

1,692

Change

0%
+1%

0%

Change at
constant
currencies

-2%
-2%

-2%

Change
underlying

-1%
-2%

-2%

Revenue
% of Reed Elsevier

Adjusted operating profit
% of Reed Elsevier

Revenue
£m

Adjusted operating profit*
£m

1,692

1,691

1,562

238

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Legal & Professional 28%

Legal & Professional 15%

2008

2009

2010

2010

* On a pro forma basis

Lexis®
Unparalleled legal, news and public records
content for legal professionals

Lexis® for Microsoft®(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:72)

Integration of LexisNexis content, open Web
search and Microsoft Office

Lexis® Library
LexisNexis® UK flagship legal online product

Matthew Bender®
Critical legal analysis, checklists, forms,
and practice guides authored by industry
experts covering over 50 major practice areas

LexisNexis® Verdict &
Settlement Analyzer
Early case assessment tool for researching and
evaluating the risk and opportunity associated
with a case

Lexis® PSL
LexisNexis® UK legal practical guidance service

CaseMap®
Software allowing litigators to assess
and analyse case information

Lawyers.comSM
Leading website for consumers seeking legal
information and counsel

Juris Classeur
Largest, most authoritative online legal resource
in France

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 29

 
 
 
 
 
 
FORGING
BUSINESS
 RELATIO 

30 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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NSHIPS

REED EXHIBITIONS IS THE WORLD’S
LEADING EVENTS BUSINESS, WITH
OVER 450 EVENTS IN 35 COUNTRIES
In 2010 Reed Exhibitions brought together over six million event
participants from around the world, generating billions of dollars
in business for its customers.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 31

Reed Exhibitions is the world’s leading events business,
with over 450 events in 35 countries

Reed Exhibitions’ portfolio of exhibitions and conferences
serves 44 industry sectors across the Americas, Europe,
the Middle East and Asia Pacific. In 2010 Reed Exhibitions
brought together over six million event participants from
around the world, generating billions of dollars in business
for its customers.

Total revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were £693m.
Reed Exhibitions is a global business headquartered in London
and has principal offices in Paris, Vienna, Norwalk Connecticut,
Abu Dhabi, Beijing, Tokyo, Sydney and São Paulo. Reed Exhibitions
has 2,600 employees worldwide.

Reed Exhibitions organises market-leading events that are relevant
to industry needs, where participants from around the world come
together to do business, network and learn. Its exhibitions and
conferences encompass a wide range of sectors, including:
broadcasting, TV, music & entertainment; building & construction;
electronics & electrical engineering; alternative energy, oil & gas;
engineering, manufacturing & processing; gifts; interior design;
IT & telecoms; jewellery; life sciences & pharmaceuticals; marketing;
property & real estate; sports & recreation; and travel.

Well represented in the developed world, increasingly Reed
Exhibitions is investing in the developing economies. Reed
Exhibitions expanded in 2010 through new launches in the beauty
and healthcare sectors in China; environment, construction and
machinery in Brazil; and security in the UAE.

Market Opportunities
Growth in the exhibitions market is correlated to business to
business marketing spend, historically driven by levels of corporate
profitability, which itself has followed overall growth in GDP, and
business investment. Emerging markets and growth industries
provide additional opportunities. As some events are held other
than annually, growth in any one year is affected by the cycle of
non-annual exhibitions.

Strategic Priorities
Reed Exhibitions’ strategic goal is to provide market leading events
in growth sectors that enable businesses to target and reach new
customers quickly and cost effectively and to provide a platform for
industry participants to do business, network and learn. To achieve
this, Reed Exhibitions is focused on: developing the portfolio through
a combination of new launches, strategic partnerships and selective

acquisitions in high growth sectors and geographies; and further
developing websites, analytics and other online tools to enhance
the exhibition experience and add to customer return on investment
in event participation.

Business Model, Distribution Channels and Competition
The substantial majority of Reed Exhibitions’ revenues are from
sales of exhibition space. The balance includes conference fees,
advertising in exhibition guides, sponsorship fees and, for some
shows, admission charges. Exhibition space is sold directly or
through local agents where applicable. Reed Exhibitions often
works in collaboration with trade associations, which use the events
to promote access for members to domestic and export markets,
and with governments, for whom events can provide important
support to stimulate foreign investment and promote regional and
national enterprise.

Reed Exhibitions is the market leader in a fragmented industry,
holding less than a 10% global market share. Other international
exhibition organisers include UBM, DMG World Media (DMGT),
Informa IIR and Messe Frankfurt. Competition also comes from
industry trade associations and convention centres and exhibition
hall owners.

2010 financial performance

Reed Exhibitions saw good revenue growth with the
net cycling in of biennial exhibitions and a significantly
moderated decline in annual show revenues.

Revenues and adjusted operating profits were up 9% and
4% respectively at constant currencies, or 8% and 4% before
minor acquisitions.

Underlying revenues, excluding the effect of biennial show cycling,
declined by 3% compared with a 6% decline in the first half, with
stable performance or modest growth in all major markets in the
second half as conditions progressively improved. The 2010 shows
have seen overall success, with growing attendances at the majority
of annual events and exhibitor numbers up 4% in the top 50 annual
shows. In the largest market, Europe, underlying revenues excluding
cycling were lower by 4% compared with a 16% decline in the prior
year. Particular successes were the World Travel Market in London
and InCosmetics and a robust Mapic (retail real estate show) in France.

Growth in exhibitor numbers

Number of event launches

The customer value proposition
of face to face events continues
to be strong with exhibitor numbers
increasing at top 50 annual events

+4%

Stepped up new launch
programme including
14 new events in Asia

35

32 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Revenue

Adjusted operating profit

2010
£m

693

158

2009
£m

638

152

Change

+9%

+4%

Revenue
% of Reed Elsevier

Adjusted operating profit
% of Reed Elsevier

Revenue
£m

707

693

638

577

522

Change at
constant
currencies

+9%

+4%

Change
underlying

+8%

+4%

Adjusted operating profit
£m

183

152

158

139

129

Reed Exhibitions 11%

Reed Exhibitions 10%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

The US also saw significantly moderated declines with revenues
down by 5% compared to 15% in 2009. By contrast, the shows
in China, Russia, the Middle East and Brazil grew strongly although
some of these are joint ventures and are therefore not included in
the reported revenues. Successful shows in emerging markets
included Salão do Automóvel motor show in Brazil, pharmaceutical
and aluminium shows in China, and the Intercharm beauty show
in Russia. Reed Exhibitions now operates nearly 100 shows in
emerging markets with approximately 40 shows in each of Brazil
and China.

Reed Exhibitions significantly stepped up its launch programme
in 2010 with 35 new events of which 14 were in Asia, including
the successful Cloud Computing show in Japan, and the
PAX East games event in Boston.

The decline in adjusted operating margin primarily reflects the
revenue decline in annual shows and increased spend, including
on the development of websites, analytics and other innovative
online tools to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of events
for both exhibitors and attendees, partly mitigated through cost
savings. The reported operating margin, after amortisation of
acquired intangible assets, was 18.3%, up from 12.4% in the prior
year which included impairment charges on certain minor shows
and exceptional restructuring costs. There were no exceptional
restructuring costs in 2010.

The outlook is encouraging, with momentum building in annual
shows and significant launch activity continuing. 2011 will see
the net cycling out of biennial shows, particularly in the first half.

The world’s entertainment market

World’s platform for sustainable
future energy solutions

Premier global event for the
travel market

One of the largest and longest standing
electronics manufacturing trade events
in China

International offshore oil & gas
trade show

Leading international exhibition
for personal care ingredients

A world leading construction
exhibition

One of the largest business gifts
& home fairs in China

The North American jewellery
industry’s premier trade event

International exhibition of
environmental equipment,
technology and services

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 33

 
 
 
 
 
 
GAINING BUSINESS

INSIGHTS

34 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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REED BUSINESS INFORMATION
IS A PROVIDER OF BUSINESS
INFORMATION, DATA AND MARKETING
SOLUTIONS IN MULTIPLE FORMATS

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 35

Reed Business Information is a provider of business information,
data and marketing solutions in multiple formats

Reed Business Information (RBI) provides data services,
information and marketing solutions to business
professionals in the UK, the US, Continental Europe, Asia
and Australia. It produces industry critical data services
and lead generation tools, and over 100 online community
and job sites. It publishes over 100 business magazines
with market leading positions in many sectors.

Total revenues for the year ended 31 December 2010 were £718m.
RBI is a global business headquartered in London and has principal
operations in Sutton in the UK, Amsterdam and Doetinchem in the
Netherlands, Boston, Los Angeles and Norcross, Georgia in the
US as well as Paris, Milan, Madrid, Bilbao, Sydney and Shanghai.
RBI has 5,300 employees worldwide.

RBI’s data services enable businesses and professionals to enhance
productivity through quicker and easier access to insightful and
comprehensive industry information. Online marketing solutions,
business to business magazines, online lead generation services
and community websites provide effective marketing channels for
advertisers to reach target audiences and for industry professionals
to access valued information.

In 2010, RBI was significantly restructured and refocused, to reflect
the reduction in revenues caused by recession, the accelerated
migration of customer marketing spend to web media, and the
continued growth and opportunity in data services. During the year,
the sale and closure of the US controlled circulation magazines and
certain other titles were completed, together with the sale of RBI
Germany and clusters of titles in the Netherlands, UK, Italy, Spain,
France, Ireland and Asia.

The business was redefined and is now managed by key asset
group – data services, online marketing solutions, leading brands,
and other magazine brands/websites – and specific strategies
and action plans have been developed for each group.

RBI’s market-leading data services include ICIS, a global information
and pricing service for the petrochemicals and energy sector;
Bankers Almanac, a leading provider of reference data on the
banking industry; XpertHR, an online service providing HR data,
regulatory guidance, best practices and tools for HR professionals;
and Reed Construction Data, a provider of online construction data
to the North American construction industry. In 2010, RBI entered
into an agreement to increase its interest in CBI China, the market
leading petrochemical and energy information service in China,

and now has majority ownership. This transaction was completed
in January 2011 and has brought ICIS unrivalled coverage of the
important and growing Chinese and Asian chemicals and energy
markets, considerably strengthening its global position.

The major online marketing solutions include: totaljobs.com, a major
UK online recruitment site; and Hotfrog, a global online business
directory. Premier publishing brands include Variety in the US,
New Scientist in the UK and the Elsevier magazine in the Netherlands.

Market Opportunities
The growing need for authoritative industry data and information is
driving demand for online subscription data services and providing
new opportunities. Business to business marketing spend has
historically been driven by levels of corporate profitability, which
itself has followed GDP growth, and business investment.

Strategic Priorities
RBI’s strategic goal is to help business professionals achieve better
outcomes with information and decision support in its individual
markets. Its areas of strategic focus are: further growing the data
services businesses; capturing the economic recovery in the major
online marketing solutions businesses; restructuring the business
magazines and advertising driven portfolio, to develop online
services in key markets and support print franchises through brand
extensions and redesign; and to realign the cost base with revenue
expectations and drive further organisational effectiveness.

Business Model, Distribution Channels and Competition
Across the RBI portfolio, user and subscription revenues now
account for 59% of the total business with the remaining 41% derived
from print and online advertising and lead generation. RBI electronic
revenue streams now account for 46% of total revenue.

Data services are typically sold directly on a subscription or
transactional basis. Business magazines are distributed on a paid or
controlled circulation basis. Advertising and lead generation revenues
are sold directly or through agents.

RBI’s data services and titles compete with a number of publishers
on a service and title by title basis including: UBM, McGraw Hill,
Wolters Kluwer and Incisive as well as many niche and privately-
owned competitors. RBI competes for online advertising with other
business to business websites as well as Monster, Google and other
search engines.

Advertising revenue %

Online revenue %

Significant transformation of RBI
focusing on subscription data
services is reducing its exposure
to advertising revenues

2010

2008

41%

54%

Demand for online data services
and marketing solutions drives
increasing proportion of
online revenue

2010

2008

46%

34%

36 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

47213_Text_p001-055.indd  36

1/3/11  11:20:30

Revenue

Adjusted operating profit

2010
£m

718

89

2009
£m

891

89

Change

-19%

0%

Change at
constant
currencies

-20%

0%

Change
underlying

-2%

+4%

Revenue
% of Reed Elsevier

Adjusted operating profit
% of Reed Elsevier

Revenue
£m

Adjusted operating profit
£m

896

906

987

891

121

126

112

718

89

89

Reed Business
Information 12%

Reed Business
Information 6%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

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2010 financial performance

Reed Business Information saw good growth in data
services and online marketing solutions and significantly
moderated declines in advertising markets. The portfolio
was reshaped through disposals and closures and costs
were significantly reduced.

Revenues were down 20% and adjusted operating profits flat
at constant currencies. Excluding portfolio changes, underlying
revenues were down 2% and adjusted operating profits increased
by 4%.

The major data services businesses, which account for
approximately 20% of RBI revenues, were up 4% with strong growth
in ICIS, Bankers Almanac and XpertHR, tempered by weakness
in RCD serving the US construction markets. The major online
marketing solutions businesses, accounting for approximately
12% of RBI revenues, were up 10%, with a strong recovery in
Totaljobs online recruitment services and continuing strong growth
in the Hotfrog web search business. Business magazines and
related services, accounting for approximately 68% of RBI revenues,
saw underlying revenues 6% lower driven by print advertising
declines which more than offset online growth.

The 2.4% increase in adjusted operating margin reflects the
significant restructuring of the business, with the disposal or closure
of unprofitable assets and a 3% reduction in costs of the continuing
business, with consolidation of operations, procurement savings and
tight cost control. The reported operating margin, after amortisation
of acquired intangible assets and exceptional restructuring costs,
was 0%, up 18 percentage points principally reflecting no impairment
charges in 2010.

Data services and online marketing solutions are seeing continued
good growth. Portfolio changes and improving markets are also
expected to benefit 2011.

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Global provider of news and
pricing data to the chemical
and energy industries

Leading online user generated
business directory with versions
in 38 countries

A leading supplier of banking
intelligence to the global
financial industry

Pioneers in B2B lead generation,
emedia specialises in accelerated
demand generation from
permission-based audiences

Leading HR legal compliance
and good practice toolkit

Premier source of entertainment
business news and analysis
since 1905

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Construction data, building product
information, cost data, market
analysis and advertising channels to
construction industry professionals

Leading news and opinion magazine
in the Netherlands

UK generalist job website attracting
over 3.7 million jobseekers and carrying
over 125,000 jobs every month

World’s leading science and technology
media brand

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 37

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate responsibility

Corporate responsibility ensures good
management of risk and opportunities,
helps us attract and retain the best people,
and strengthens our corporate reputation.
It means performing to the highest
commercial and ethical standards and
channelling our knowledge and strengths,
as global leaders in our industries, to make
a difference to society.

Constant engagement with stakeholders, including shareholders,
employees, communities, governments, and members of civil
society, helps us determine material corporate responsibility issues.
The Reed Elsevier Board, senior management and the Corporate
Responsibility Forum oversee corresponding objectives and monitor
performance against them – encompassing our unique contributions
as a business, as well as governance, people and community,
customers, health and safety, supply chain, and environment.

Our unique contributions

We focus on areas where we can make a positive impact on society
through our knowledge, resources and skills. These include universal
sustainable access to information, advance of science and health,
promotion of the rule of law and justice, and protection of society.

Elsevier, the world’s largest scientific publisher, has an important
role to play in advancing human welfare and economic progress
in places where information resources are often scarce. Among key
programmes is Research4Life, in partnership with United Nations
agencies and other publishers, which provides core and cutting-edge
scientific information to researchers in more than 100 developing
countries. In 2010, there were 3.1 million Research4Life article
downloads from ScienceDirect – a 20% increase over 2009. In
the year, the Elsevier Foundation, through its Innovative Libraries
in Developing Countries programme, committed over $300,000
to support libraries with grants to improve infrastructure-building
access to primary source material. Recipients included HIV/AIDS
Audio-Visual Archive, University of Cape Town, South Africa;
Library Infrastructure Boost, University of Hargeisa, Somaliland;
and the Egyptian National Cancer Database.

LexisNexis concentrates on promoting justice. Its Rule of Law
Resource Center is a free online community covering topics like
human rights, protecting minority communities, and anti-human
trafficking. In 2010, LexisNexis signed an agreement to provide
content and support for the World Justice Project’s Rule
of Law Index, a new quantitative assessment tool ranking over
75 countries. As a founder of the UK’s International Law Book

Facility, since 2005, LexisNexis has provided 5,000 legal texts to
assist professional bodies, advice centres, pro bono groups, law
schools, and other institutions involved in access to justice across
common law jurisdictions in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean.

LexisNexis Risk Solutions works to protect society by supporting
non-profit organisations such as the National Center for Missing &
Exploited Children (NCMEC) and the Cal Ripken Sr. Foundation.
Since 2005, LexisNexis has completed nearly 6 million volunteer
background checks for such organisations, identifying over 870,000
individuals with criminal convictions, including more than 58,000
registered sex offenders. Employees helped create the ADAM
programme which assists in the safe recovery of missing children.
In partnership with NCMEC, ADAM distributes missing child posters
to police, news media, schools, businesses, medical centres, and
other recipients within a specific geographic search area. Since
launching in 2000, 117 children have been located.

Reed Exhibitions provides platforms at its trade shows to
organisations that support our corporate responsibility focus areas.
At the 2010 World Travel Market, its global event for the travel industry,
Reed Exhibitions marked World Responsible Tourism Day with the
Responsible Tourism Awards, recognising sector initiatives in areas
like poverty reduction, low carbon transport and technology, and
conservation. Over the last seven years, Reed Exhibitions has given
free space at the London Book Fair to Book Aid International, which
annually provides 500,000 books – including those donated from
across Reed Elsevier – to readers in the developing world, enabling
the charity to engage with a wide range of potential book and
financial donors.

Reed Business Information (RBI) uses the power of its brands to
aid communities. Variety, the leading entertainment industry news
source published by RBI, has established initiatives like the Power
of Youth to spur young entertainers to support philanthropic and
humanitarian causes, and to encourage their fans to do so as well.
Since its inception in 2007, Power of Youth has raised more than
$850,000 to aid children; in 2010 beneficiaries included LA’s BEST,
Education through Music, Girl Up, and Pencils of Promise. Variety
has built on the Power of Youth model to launch Power of Women
and the Power of Comedy to highlight those using their celebrity
to beneficial effect.

Drawing on expertise across Reed Elsevier, in 2010 we launched
the Reed Elsevier Environmental Challenge to identify projects that
improve sustainable access to water where it is presently at risk.
We have provided access to products from our businesses to
over 100 registrants from more than 50 countries and winners
will be announced in June 2011.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Complete RE Environmental Challenge; launch plans for 2012
Undertake UNICEF project on the impact of climate change
on children
Further expansion of Research4Life

(cid:116)

Percentage of key suppliers as signatories
to Reed Elsevier Supplier Code of Conduct

Reduction in health and safety severity rate
(lost days per 200,000 hours worked) 2008-2010

We uphold Reed Elsevier values
by requiring our suppliers to meet
the same standards we set
for ourselves

60%
60%

Valuing our people means
going beyond legal obligations
to ensure staff wellbeing

-29%
-29%

38 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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1/3/11  11:20:36

Corporate responsibility continued

Governance

2010 Objectives
(cid:116)

Code of Ethics and Business Conduct course completion
by 90% of all employees
Data Privacy and Security course completion by 60% of all
employees
Anti-bribery training for 80% of relevant employees in higher
risk roles and geographies

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

The Reed Elsevier Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (Code)
is disseminated to every employee as a guide to our corporate and
individual conduct. Encompassing topics such as fair competition,
anti-bribery and human rights, it encourages open and principled
behaviour. 93% of current employees completed online Code training
by year end 2010, and 80% of all employees completed a data
privacy and security course. In 2010, we provided anti-bribery
training for approximately 78% of relevant employees in higher
risk roles and geographies. Further by the close of 2010, 2,700
managers had completed online training on anti-harassment and
5,500 employees on fair competition.

In 2010, we actively promoted the United Nations Global Compact
(UNGC) to which we are a signatory – businesses must align their
governance and operations with ten principles related to human
rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. We served on the
steering group for the United Kingdom; contributed to the UNGC
Supply Chain Advisory Group; produced a video on the UNGC for
the legal community; and helped launch a report on UK signatories
and the Millennium Development Goals.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)

Code of Ethics and Business Conduct course completion
by 95% of all employees
Full alignment with Adequate Procedures Guidance under
the UK Bribery Act; 95% completion of anti-bribery training
by relevant employees in higher risk jobs and geographies
Implementation of updated records management policy

People and community

2010 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Advance divisional Employee Opinion Survey (EOS) action plans
Develop a diversity and inclusion strategy for key locations
Closer alignment of RE Cares donations with corporate
responsibility focus areas
Increase in-kind contributions

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

Our 30,200 people are our strength. In 2010, we implemented
activities across the business to address the results of our 2009
global Employee Opinion Survey. For example, LexisNexis developed
new initiatives to help employees build their management capabilities,
with a percentage of executive bonuses tied to higher 2010 interim,
‘pulse’ survey scores in this and other areas. At Reed Exhibitions,
focus groups were held to address career development and
satisfaction with feedback translated into management activities.

The Reed Elsevier Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Statement articulates
our commitment to a diverse workforce and environment that
respects individuals and their contributions, regardless of their
gender, race, or other characteristics. In 2010, we developed a D&I
strategy endorsed by the Reed Elsevier Management Committee,
with key objectives such as ensuring each key location has a
D&I value proposition and broad implementation plan. Our cross-
business D&I Working Group, drawing on internal and external
expertise, promoted best practice in areas ranging from training
to communication. Affinity groups, like women’s forums, provide
support and mentoring and encourage community involvement.

Reed Elsevier Cares, our global community programme, promotes
education for disadvantaged young people, and allows staff up to
two days off per year for their own community work. We donated
£2.3 million in cash (including through matching gifts) and the
equivalent of £6.6 million in products, services, and staff time in 2010.
We worked to increase in-kind contributions throughout the year,
examples of which include LexisNexis Corporate Responsibility Day
which involved nearly 2,000 staff in local community projects, and
Elsevier Beijing which worked with an underprivileged school in
He Bei Province over two days providing educational support
and supplies.

Champions engage colleagues throughout the year in activities
such as the Reed Elsevier Cares Challenge, which rewards business
sponsored community engagement, and Reed Elsevier Cares
Month, with hundreds of events around the globe. During the Month,
we launched a global fundraising effort to raise $50,000 for Plan
International’s Because I’m a Girl campaign to help girls in India,
for example, in gaining educational opportunities and awareness
of their legal and employment rights. Our annual global book drive
involved over 5,000 employees and yielded some 18,240 books for
local and developing world readers.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)

Begin implementation of diversity and inclusion strategy
in key locations
New and improved People sections of internal and external
websites
Launch RE Cares recognition awards

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

To date, Elsevier has helped the International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Mobile Library set up more than 250 mobile libraries to deliver
current health information to nursing professionals working in remote
areas of 17 developing countries.

Each library is housed in a sturdy, transportable trunk with approximately 80 titles. In 2010,
through Elsevier and the Reed Elsevier Cares programme, resources, products, and
assistance supported the ICN Supporting Nurses and Nursing in Haiti Fund in aiding
post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction with tailored French-language Nursing
Mobile Libraries containing books on post-disaster response, infectious diseases, and
reinitiating interrupted treatment of life-threatening conditions like HIV and tuberculosis.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 39

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate responsibility continued

We concentrated on wellness in the workplace providing stress
awareness training, weight loss and smoking cessation programmes.
In 2010, we advanced collection of absenteeism data by incorporating
it into a new global human resources information system launched in
North America during the year.

We held the second RE:Fit2Win global competition in 2010 to recognise
employees for walking, cycling, and running, with winners receiving
$1,000 for the charity of their choice. 1,083 employees took part.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Benchmark health and safety performance
Extend preventive care programmes

Supply Chain

2010 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

60% of key suppliers as Supplier Code of Conduct signatories
40 external audits of high risk suppliers
Ask key suppliers to become UN Global Compact signatories

We require our suppliers to meet the high standards we set for
ourselves. Our Supplier Code of Conduct stipulates adherence to
all laws and best practice in areas such as human rights, labour and
the environment. Through our Socially Responsible Supplier (SRS)
database, we tracked 606 critical, preferred, and strategic suppliers,
and those we deem high risk according to criteria from the Corporate
Executive Board’s Global Country Analysis Support Tool, human
trafficking data from the US State Department, and rankings in the
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) produced by Yale University
and Columbia University. We achieved our target of 60% of SRS
suppliers as signatories to the Supplier Code by year end, and
specialists ITS undertook 43 external audits of high risk suppliers.
Any incidence of Supplier Code non-compliance identified in
the audit process triggers a corrective action plan with supplier
remediation required on all issues. We have embedded signing the
Supplier Code into our e-sourcing tool as one of the criteria for doing
business with us.

We provided training to increase reporting on the Reed Elsevier
portion of suppliers’ CO2 emissions and undertook six supplier
webinars on the benefits of joining the UN Global Compact.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

75% of key suppliers as Supplier Code of Conduct signatories
45 external audits of high risk suppliers
Introduce Socially Responsible Supplier Academy

Customers

2010 Objectives
(cid:116)

Improve customer loyalty as measured by Net Promoter Scores;
advance dashboard programmes
Continue to improve website accessibility

(cid:116)

We surveyed more than 150,000 customers through Net Promoter
Score (measuring customer loyalty) and business dashboard
programmes. This allows us to deepen understanding of their
needs and drives forward a customer centric culture across
Reed Elsevier. Results, reviewed by the CEO and senior managers,
and communicated to staff, illuminate where we are doing well and
where we must do better.

We are committed to improving access to our products and services
for all users, regardless of physical ability. Upgrades to core LexisNexis
products in 2010 have incorporated WCAG 2.0, the most recent
web accessibility guidelines. The Accessibility Working Group held
educational webinars with disabled customers and accessibility
experts, and helped process 3,250 requests for accessible versions
of our publications, many from AccessText.org, a service we helped
establish – 95% of requests were addressed in one day or less.
In 2010, Elsevier won the first JISC Publisher Lookup Award for
Accessibility, and also enabled the text-to-speech option on all
e-books titles to aid users with sight, motor or other challenges.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)

Launch CR webinars on non-financial performance to support
customer-facing staff
Consult on Reed Elsevier Editorial Policy
Assess accessibility of key product websites

(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Health and safety

2010 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

10% reduction in severity rate by 2010 (from 2008 baseline)
Advance collection of absenteeism data

Our employees have the right to a healthy and safe workplace
as outlined in the Reed Elsevier Health and Safety Policy.

To reduce our severity rate (lost days per 200,000 hours worked),
we conduct risk assessments and work with a third party resource
in the US to assign a nurse case manager to each complex or
severe claim. We achieved a 29% reduction in the severity rate
between 2008 and 2010.

Through its trade shows, Reed Exhibitions advances
our CR focus areas by bringing people together to
share information.

In 2010 Reed Exhibitions ran Pollutec Lyon, a leading international
environment exhibition bringing together innovative techniques
for the prevention and treatment of pollution of all kinds as well as
for the preservation of the environment as a whole. Close to 2,000
exhibitors and over 50,000 visitors attended to discuss innovations
in key sectors such as water, waste (which includes recycling and
cleaning), air quality, and energy.

40 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010
40 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Corporate responsibility continued

Environment

Key Performance Indicators

C02 emissions (2006-2015)2

Total energy (2008-2015)

Travel emissions (2008-2015)

Water (2008-2015)

Waste recycled (2015)

Intensity
achievement
to date1

Absolute
achievement
to date

2010
Absolute
figure

-14%

1%

-12%

-7%

n/a

16%

15%

-1%

5%

63%

195,936 tCO2e

273,983 MWh

40,611 tCO2e

465,619m3

7,720t

Target

-10%

-5%

-5%

-10%

70%

2010
Intensity
figure
(Absolute/revenue
£m)

32.36

45.25

6.71

76.90

1.27

1The percentage variance between absolute performance divided by revenue in 2010 compared with absolute performance divided by revenue in start year
2Gross CO2e emissions (scopes 1, 2 and scope 3 business travel)

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2010 Objectives
(cid:116)

20 key sites to achieve five Reed Elsevier Environmental
Standards
Management plans to achieve environmental targets
Map Reed Elsevier and supplier water stress locations

(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Our Environmental Champions network, employee-led Green Teams,
and engagement through networks such as Publishers Database
for Responsible Ethical Paper Sourcing, inform management plans
to address our environmental impact. Among them is the Reed
Elsevier Environmental Standards programme, which sets benchmark
performance levels and inspires green competition among offices.
In 2010, 26 sites achieved five or more standards attaining green
status, a 38% increase in the number of standards achieved the
year previous. We mapped key locations and 149 major suppliers
against local water stress to identify where we should concentrate
reduction efforts.

Our internal focus on corporate
responsibility is recognised externally

We achieved the following in 2010:

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

(cid:116)

Platinum, Business in the Community’s Corporate
Responsibility Index

Carbon Disclosure Project Leadership Index; 7th out of 350
companies in FTSE CDP Carbon Strategy Index Series

Carbon Footprint ASN Mutual Funds

Dow Jones Sustainability Index and SAM Sustainability
Yearbook, scoring in top 15% of companies

Ethibel Pioneer and Ethibel Excellence Investment Registers

FTSE4Good Index

Sector leader in investor-led Forest Disclosure Project

Retained in Goldman Sachs Sustain fund of “best
managed companies around the globe that will succeed
on a sustainable basis”

Triodos Bank Sustainable Equity/Bond Fund, first in
publishing sector

(cid:116)

VBDO Supply Chain Award

View the 2010 Corporate Responsibility Report at
www.reedelsevier.com/cr10

We have a positive environmental impact through our environmental
publications and services which spread good practice, encourage
debate, and aid researchers and decisions makers. The most
recent results from independent Market Analysis System (2009)
show our share of citations in environmental science represented
36% of the total market, and 69% in energy and fuels. Full details
of our 2010 environmental performance are available at
www.reedelsevier.com/cr10.

2011 Objectives
(cid:116)
(cid:116)
(cid:116)

Undertake data centre efficiency study
20% of electricity from renewables or offsets
Establish Green Team Environmental Training Academy

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 41
Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 41

 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer’s report 

Reported figures

Revenue
Operating profit
Profit before tax
Net profit
Net borrowings

Adjusted figures

Operating profit
Operating margin
Profit before tax
Net profit
Operating cash flow
Operating cash flow conversion
Return on invested capital

Parent Companies

Reported earnings per share
Adjusted earnings per share
Ordinary dividend per share

2010
£m

6,055
1,090
768
642
3,455

1,555
25.7%
1,279
983
1,519
98%
10.6%

2009
£m

6,071
787
435
391
3,931

1,570
25.9%
1,279
982
1,558
99%
10.4%

Change

0%
+39%
+77%
+64%

-1%

0%
0%
-3%

Change at
constant currencies

-1%
+37%
+74%
+61%

-2%

-1%
-1%
-3%

Reed Elsevier PLC

Reed Elsevier NV

2010

27.3p
43.4p
20.4p

2009

17.2p
45.9p
20.4p

Change

+58%
-5%
0%

2010

€0.51
€0.78
€0.412

2009

Change

€0.32
€0.79
€0.400

+62%
-1%
+3%

Change 
underlying

+2%

-1%

Change at 
constant
currencies

-6%

Adjusted figures are used by Reed Elsevier as additional performance measures and are stated before the amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, 
exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, and, in respect of earnings, reflect a tax rate that excludes the effect of movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities 
that are not expected to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. Exceptional restructuring 
costs in 2009 relate to the major restructuring programmes announced in February 2008 and 2009 and in 2010 relate only to the restructuring of RBI. Acquisition related costs 
relate to acquisition integration and, from 2010, professional and other transaction related fees and adjustments to deferred and contingent consideration now required to be 
expensed under international financial reporting standards. Profit and loss on disposals and other non operating items are also excluded from the adjusted figures. Reconciliations 
between the reported and adjusted figures are set out in note 10 to the combined financial statements. Comparison at constant exchange rates uses 2009 full year average and 
hedge exchange rates. Underlying growth rates are the year on year change at constant currencies, excluding the results of all acquisitions and disposals made both in the year 
and prior year.

Mark Armour
Chief Financial Officer

Reported figures

Revenues at £6,055m (2009: £6,071m) were flat compared with 2009. 
At constant exchange rates, revenues were down 1% compared 
with the prior year. Underlying revenues, i.e. before acquisitions and 
disposals, were 2% higher. Revenue performance across the business 
is described in the Business Review.

Reconciliation of reported revenues year-on-year

Year to 31 December

2009 revenue

Underlying growth

Acquisitions

Disposals

Currency effects

2010 revenue

£m

6,071

100

5

(173)

52

6,055

Change

+2%

0%

-3%

+1%

0%

Reported operating profit, after amortisation and impairment of 
acquired intangible assets and goodwill and exceptional restructuring 
and acquisition related costs, was up 39% at £1,090m (2009: £787m). 
The significant increase principally reflects no intangible asset and 
goodwill impairment and lower exceptional restructuring charges.

42 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

The amortisation charge in respect of acquired intangible assets, 
including the share of amortisation in joint ventures, amounted  
to £349m (2009: £368m), down £19m as a result of disposals  
and prior year impairments. Charges for impairment of acquired 
intangible assets and goodwill were nil (2009: £177m, principally 
relating to the RBI US business).

Exceptional restructuring costs, which in 2010 relate only to the 
restructuring of RBI, amounted to £57m (2009: £182m relating to 
major restructuring programmes across Reed Elsevier announced  
in February 2008 and 2009) and included severance and vacant 
property costs. Acquisition related costs amounted to £50m  
(2009: £48m) principally in respect of the integration within LexisNexis 
of the ChoicePoint business acquired in September 2008. 

Disposals and other non operating losses of £46m principally relate 
to asset sales and related closures in RBI’s US businesses.

Net finance costs were £276m (2009: £291m), with the benefit of free 
cash flow and the July 2009 share placings being partly offset by the 
impact of higher coupon term debt issued in 2009 to repay certain  
of the ChoicePoint acquisition facility loans. 

The reported profit before tax, including amortisation and impairment 
of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring 
and acquisition related costs, disposals and other non operating 
items, was £768m (2009: £435m). 

The reported tax charge was higher at £120m (2009: £40m) 
reflecting the increase in reported profit before tax and prior year 
tax credits on disposals. The reported net profit attributable to  
the parent companies’ shareholders was £642m (2009: £391m).

Adjusted figures

Adjusted operating profit was £1,555m (2009: £1,570m), down 1%. 
(Adjusted operating profits are stated before amortisation of acquired 
goodwill and intangible assets, acquisition integration and exceptional 
restructuring costs). At constant exchange rates, adjusted operating 
profits were down 2%, including in particular the disposals within the 
RBI US business. Underlying adjusted operating profits, i.e. excluding 
acquisitions and disposals, were 1% lower. Profit performance 
across the business is described in the Business Review.

The overall adjusted operating margin at 25.7% was 0.2 percentage 
points lower than in the prior year, with total costs reduced by 1%  
at constant exchange rates. Excluding cost reduction from asset 
disposals and closures, which had a 0.5 percentage points benefit  
to margin, costs increased by 3% on an underlying basis. Increased 
spending on new product development, infrastructure, and sales & 
marketing, particularly in the legal businesses, has been offset by 
cost actions across the business, including incremental savings  
from the earlier exceptional restructuring programmes.

Changes in underlying revenue, cost and profit

Year to 31 December 2010

Revenue

Adjusted
operating
cost

Adjusted
operating
profit

Elsevier

LexisNexis

Reed Exhibitions

Reed Business Information

Reed Elsevier – underlying

Reed Elsevier – total

+2%

+1%

+8%

-2%

+2%

-1%

+1%

+6%

+10%

-3%

+3%

-1%

+4%

-12%

+4%

+4%

-1%

-2%

The net pension expense was higher at £54m (2009: £42m), 
reflecting lower curtailment credits of £17m (2009: £43m) from 
changes to pension plan design and staff reductions, partly offset by 
an increase in the net pension financing credit to £26m (2009: £6m) 
reflecting the higher market value of scheme assets. The share 
based and related remuneration charge was £11m (2009: £17m). 
Restructuring costs included within adjusted operating profit,  
i.e. other than in respect of the exceptional restructuring programme 
in RBI and acquisition integration, amounted to £31m (2009: £21m).

Adjusted profit before tax was £1,279m (2009: £1,279m), flat against 
the prior year. At constant exchange rates, adjusted profit before tax 
was down 1%.

Reconciliation of adjusted and reported profit before tax

Year to 31 December

Adjusted profit before tax

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets 

Impairment of acquired intangibles and goodwill

Exceptional restructuring costs

Acquisition related costs

Reclassification of tax in joint ventures 

Disposals and other non operating items 

Reported profit before tax

2010
£m

1,279

(349)

–

(57)

(50)

(9)

(46)

768

2009
£m

1,279

(368)

(177)

(182)

(48)

(8)

(61)

435

The effective tax rate on adjusted profit before tax at 22.7% was 
similar to the 2009 effective rate. The effective tax rate on adjusted 
profit before tax excludes movements in deferred taxation assets 
and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in the near term, and 
includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired 
goodwill and intangible assets. This more closely aligns with cash tax 
costs over the longer term. Adjusted operating profits and taxation 
are grossed up for the equity share of taxes in joint ventures.

The application of tax law and practice is subject to some uncertainty 
and provisions are held in respect of this. Issues are raised during  
the course of regular tax audits and discussions including on the 
deductibility of interest on cross-border financing are ongoing. 
Although the outcome of open items cannot be predicted, 
no material impact on results is expected from such issues.

The adjusted net profit attributable to shareholders of £983m (2009: 
£982m) was flat compared with the prior year. At constant exchange 
rates, adjusted net profit attributable to shareholders was down 1%.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Cash flows

Adjusted operating cash flow was £1,519m (2009: £1,558m),
down 3% at both reported exchange rates and constant currencies.

Free cash flow before dividends was £1,023m (2009: £918m).
Ordinary dividends paid to shareholders in the year, being the 2009
final and 2010 interim dividends, amounted to £483m (2009: £457m).
Free cash flow after dividends was £540m (2009: £461m).

2010
£m

1,519

(287)

(101)

1,131

(108)

1,023

(483)

540

2009
£m

1,558

(293)

(214)

1,051

(133)

918

(457)

461

The small decrease in adjusted operating cash flow at constant
currencies reflects the 2% decrease in adjusted operating profits
at constant currencies. The impact of higher capital expenditure
was largely offset by working capital improvements with the rate
of conversion of adjusted operating profits into cash flow very high
at 98% (2009: 99%).

Free cash flow

Year to 31 December

Adjusted operating cash flow

Interest paid

Tax paid

Conversion of adjusted operating profit into cash

Year to 31 December

Adjusted operating profit

Capital expenditure

Depreciation and amortisation of
internally developed intangible assets

Working capital and other items

Adjusted operating cash flow

Cash flow conversion rate

2010
£m

1,555

(311)

237

38

1,519

98%

2009
£m

1,570

(242)

223

7

1,558

99%

Capital expenditure included within adjusted operating cash flow
was £311m (2009: £242m), including £228m (2009: £164m) in
respect of capitalised development costs included within internally
generated intangible assets. The increase from the prior year reflects
increased investment in new products and related infrastructure,
particularly in the LexisNexis legal business.

Free cash flow, after interest and taxation, was £1,131m (2009:
£1,051m) before exceptional restructuring and acquisition related
spend. The increase principally reflects the lower than usual taxes
paid because of tax repayments from prior years.

Exceptional restructuring spend was £99m (2009: £124m) principally
relating to severance and vacant property costs. Payments made in
respect of acquisition related costs amounted to £51m (2009: £45m)
principally in respect of the ChoicePoint integration. Net tax paid
in the year was reduced by £42m (2009: £36m) in respect of
exceptional restructuring and acquisition related spend.

Free cash flow before exceptional spend

Restructuring expense/acquisition integration*

Free cash flow before dividends

Ordinary dividends

Free cash flow post dividends

*Including cash tax relief/repayments

Funding

Debt
Net borrowings at 31 December 2010 were £3,455m, a decrease
of £476m since 31 December 2009 after currency translation effects
which increased net borrowings by £77m on the largely US dollar
denominated net debt. The significance of Reed Elsevier Group plc’s
US operations means that the majority of debt is denominated in
US dollars. Excluding currency translation effects, net debt reduced
by £553m reflecting the strong free cash flow and limited acquisition
activity. Expressed in US dollars, net borrowings at 31 December 2010
were $5,387m, a decrease of $962m since 31 December 2009.

Gross borrowings after fair value adjustments at 31 December 2010
amounted to £4,302m (2009: £4,706m). The fair value of related
derivative assets was £105m (2009: £41m). Cash balances totalled
£742m (2009: £734m).

As at 31 December 2010, after taking into account interest rate
and currency derivatives, a total of 73% of Reed Elsevier’s gross
borrowings were at fixed rates with a weighted average remaining
life of 5.3 years and interest rate of 6.0%.

Underlying revenue growth

Underlying adjusted
operating profit growth

+2%

2009 2010

-6%

2009 2010

-1%

-9%

44 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

Adjusted operating margin

25.9% 25.7%

2009 2010

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Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

June 2013, with an option for two further one year extensions. This
back up facility provides security of funding for $2.0bn of short term
debt to June 2013. During the year, $350m of US term debt maturing
in August 2011 was redeemed early by taking advantage of the
make-whole election.

After taking account of the committed bank facilities and available
cash resources, no borrowings mature until 2013 and beyond.
The strong free cash flow of the business, the available resources
and back up facilities, and Reed Elsevier’s ability to access debt
capital markets are expected to provide sufficient liquidity to repay
or refinance borrowings as they mature.

Further details on the treasury policies of the Combined Businesses
are on pages 48 and 49 and in note 18 to the Combined
Financial Statements.

Capital employed and returns

The capital employed at 31 December 2010 was £11,661m
(2009: £11,918m) after adding back accumulated amortisation
and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill. The
decrease of £257m principally reflects asset disposals and strong
cash generation.

The return on average capital employed in the year was 10.6%
(2009: 10.4%). This is based on adjusted operating profits for the year,
less tax at the effective rate, and the average of the capital employed
at the beginning and end of the year, retranslated at the average
exchange rates, adjusted to exclude the gross up to goodwill in
respect of deferred tax liabilities established on acquisitions in
relation to intangible assets. The increase in the return reflects
the strong cash generation and increased capital efficiency.

Spend on acquisitions and investments was £55m, including
deferred consideration payable on past acquisitions. An amount of
£27m was capitalised in the year as acquired intangible assets and
£27m as goodwill. Cash tax relief on certain prior year acquisition
costs amounted to £16m. Net cash proceeds less associated
restructuring costs from disposals, including tax repayments of
£34m in respect of prior year transactions, amounted to £40m.

Net proceeds from the exercise of share options were £11m
(2009: £5m). No share repurchases were made by the parent
companies in the year (2009: nil) and no shares of the parent
companies were purchased by the employee benefit trust (2009: nil).
In 2009, proceeds, net of expenses, from share placings by the
parent companies were £829m.

Movement in net debt

Net debt at 1 January

Free cash flow post dividends

Acquisitions/disposals:

Disposals*

Acquisitions*

Net proceeds from equity placings and share
options exercised

Other

Currency translation

Net debt at 31 December

*Including cash tax relief/repayments

2010
£m

(3,931)

540

40

(39)

11

1

(77)

2009
£m

(5,726)

461

3

(44)

834

(18)

559

(3,455)

(3,931)

The ratio of net debt to adjusted ebitda (earnings before interest,
tax, depreciation and amortisation) at 31 December 2010 was 1.9x
(2009: 2.2x), and 2.5x (2009: 2.9x) on a pensions and lease adjusted
basis. Reed Elsevier’s target is a ratio of net debt to adjusted ebitda
of 2.0-3.0x (on a pensions and lease adjusted basis) over the longer
term, consistent with a solid investment grade credit rating.

Liquidity
In January 2010, the start date of a new $2.0bn committed
facility maturing in May 2012 was brought forward and the $2.5bn
committed facility maturing in May 2010 cancelled. In June 2010,
the maturity of the new committed facility was extended to

Term debt maturities
$m

1,172

945

594

200

624

503

286

950

551

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2016

2017 2018

2019

>2020

Currency profile 2010 adjusted profit before tax

Sterling 16%
Euro 35%
Other 9%
US dollar 40%

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 45

 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Major developments
In 2010, EFSA was active in renegotiating the terms of Reed
Elsevier’s $2 billion revolving credit facility, which is available to
EFSA. It negotiated and advised Reed Elsevier Group plc companies
on a number of banking and cash management arrangements in
Continental Europe, in particular in the Netherlands and France, as
well as Asia and continued to advise on treasury matters, including
interest, foreign currency and certain other financial exposures.

The average balance of cash under management by EFSA in 2010,
on behalf of Reed Elsevier Group plc and its parent companies,
was approximately $0.8 billion (2009: $0.4 billion).

Liabilities and assets
At 31 December 2010, 84% (2009: 92%) of ERF’s gross assets were
held in US dollars and 15% (2009: 7%) in euros, including $8.7 billion
(2009: $10.0 billion) and €0.6 billion (2009: €0.6 billion) in loans to
Reed Elsevier Group plc subsidiaries. Loans made to Reed Elsevier
Group plc businesses are funded from equity, long term debt of
$2.2 billion and short term debt of $0.3 billion backed by committed
bank facilities. Sources of long term debt include Swiss domestic
public bonds, bilateral term loans, private placements and
syndicated bank facilities. Short term debt is primarily derived
from euro and US commercial paper programmes.

Accounting policies

The combined financial statements are prepared in accordance
with International Financial Reporting Standards as endorsed by
the European Union and as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board following the accounting policies shown on
pages 90 to 96. The most significant accounting policies in
determining the financial condition and results of the combined
businesses, and those requiring the most subjective or complex
judgement, relate to the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets,
share based remuneration, pensions, litigation, taxation and property
provisioning. Further detail is provided in the accounting policies
on pages 94 and 95.

Elsevier Reed Finance BV

Structure
Elsevier Reed Finance BV, the Dutch parent company of the Elsevier
Reed Finance BV group (“ERF”), is directly owned by Reed Elsevier
PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. ERF provides treasury, finance,
intellectual property and reinsurance services to the Reed Elsevier
Group plc businesses through its subsidiaries in Switzerland: Elsevier
Finance SA (“EFSA”), Elsevier Properties SA (“EPSA”) and Elsevier
Risks SA (“ERSA”). These three Swiss companies are organised
under one Swiss holding company, which is in turn owned by
Elsevier Reed Finance BV.

Activities
EFSA is the principal treasury centre for the Reed Elsevier combined
businesses. It is responsible for all aspects of treasury advice and
support for Reed Elsevier Group plc’s businesses operating in
Continental Europe, Latin America, the Pacific Rim, India, China
and certain other territories, and undertakes foreign exchange and
derivatives dealing services for the whole of Reed Elsevier. EFSA also
arranges or directly provides Reed Elsevier Group plc businesses
with financing for acquisitions, product development and other
general requirements and manages cash pools, investments and
debt programmes on their behalf.

EPSA actively manages intellectual property assets including
trademarks such as The Lancet and databases such as Reaxys
and PharmaPendium. In 2010 it continued to strengthen its position
as a centre of excellence in the management and development of
intellectual property assets. ERSA is responsible for reinsurance
activities for Reed Elsevier.

Return on invested capital

10.4% 10.6%

2009 2010

46 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

The equalised final dividends proposed by the respective boards
are 15.0p per share for Reed Elsevier PLC and €0.303 per share for
Reed Elsevier NV, unchanged and 3% higher respectively compared
with the prior year final dividends. This gives total dividends for the
year of 20.4p (2009: 20.4p) and €0.412 (2009: €0.400), unchanged
and up 3% respectively. The difference in growth rates in the
equalised dividends reflects changes in the euro: sterling exchange
rate since the prior year dividend announcement dates.

Dividend cover, based on adjusted earnings per share and the total
interim and proposed final dividends for the year, is 2.1 times for
Reed Elsevier PLC and 1.9 times for Reed Elsevier NV. The dividend
policy of the parent companies is, subject to currency considerations,
to grow dividends broadly in line with adjusted earnings per share
whilst maintaining dividend cover (being the number of times the
annual dividend is covered by the adjusted earnings per share) of
at least two times over the longer term.

Parent companies

Reed Elsevier PLC

Reported net profit
Adjusted net profit

Reported earnings per share
Adjusted earnings per share
Ordinary dividend per share

Reed Elsevier NV

Reported net profit
Adjusted net profit

2010
 £m

327
520

27.3p
43.4p
20.4p

 €m

376
575

2009
 £m

195
519

17.2p
45.9p
20.4p

 €m

219
550

Reported earnings per share
Adjusted earnings per share
Ordinary dividend per share

€0.51
€0.78
€0.412

€0.32
€0.79
€0.400

Change at
constant
currencies

-1%

-6%

-1%

-6%

Change

+68%
0%

+58%
-5%
0%

+72%
+5%

+62%
-1%
+3%

For the parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV,
adjusted earnings per share were respectively down 5% at 43.4p
(2009: 45.9p) and 1% at €0.78 (2009: €0.79). At constant rates of
exchange, the adjusted earnings per share of both companies
decreased by 6%.

The July 2009 equity placings had a dilutive effect on adjusted
earnings per share of approximately 4% in 2010, taking into account
the interest expense saved on the borrowings repaid from the
proceeds of the equity placings and the increase in the average
number of parent company shares in issue. (In July 2009, Reed
Elsevier PLC placed 109.2m ordinary shares at 405p per share for
proceeds, net of issue costs, of £435m (€487m) and Reed Elsevier NV
placed 63.0m ordinary shares at €7.08 per share for net proceeds of
€441m (£394m). The numbers of ordinary shares issued represented
9.9% of the issued ordinary share capital of the respective parent
companies prior to the placings.)

The reported earnings per share for Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders
was 27.3p (2009: 17.2p) and for Reed Elsevier NV shareholders
was €0.51 (2009: €0.32). The increase principally reflects lower
exceptional restructuring charges and no intangible asset and
goodwill impairment in 2010.

Reed Elsevier PLC
Adjusted EPS
pence

45.9

43.4

Reed Elsevier PLC
Ordinary dividend
pence

20.4

20.4

Reed Elsevier NV
Adjusted EPS
a

0.79

0.78

Reed Elsevier NV
Ordinary dividend
a

0.400 0.412

2009 2010

2009 2010

2009 2010

2009 2010

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 47

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Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

The balance of long term debt, short term debt and committed  
bank facilities is managed to provide security of funding, taking into 
account the cash generation of the business and the uncertain size 
and timing of acquisition spend. Reed Elsevier maintains a range of 
borrowing faciltites and debt programmes from a variety of sources 
to fund its requirements at short notice and at competitive rates.  
The significance of Reed Elsevier Group plc’s US operations means 
that the majority of debt is denominated in US dollars. Policy requires 
that no more than $1.5 billion of term debt issues should mature  
in any 12-month period. In addition, minimum levels of borrowings  
with maturities over three and five years are specified, depending on  
the level of net debt. From time to time, Reed Elsevier may redeem 
term debt early or repurchase outstanding debt in the open market 
depending on market conditions.

There were no changes to Reed Elsevier’s long term approach to 
capital and liquidity management during the year.

Interest rate exposure management
Reed Elsevier’s interest rate exposure management policy is aimed 
at reducing the exposure of the combined businesses to changes  
in interest rates. The proportion of interest expense that is fixed on 
net debt is determined by reference to the level of net interest cover. 
Reed Elsevier uses fixed rate term debt, interest rate swaps, forward 
rate agreements and interest rate options to manage the exposure. 
Interest rate derivatives are used only to hedge an underlying risk 
and no net market positions are held.

After taking into account interest rate and currency derivatives,  
at 31 December 2010 interest expense was fixed on an average of 
£3.0 billion of forecast debt for the next 12 months. This fixed rate 
debt reduces to £2.0 billion by the end of 2013 and reduces further 
thereafter with all but £0.4 billion of fixed rate term debt (not swapped 
to floating rate) having matured by the end of 2019.

At 31 December 2010, fixed rate term debt (not swapped to floating 
rate) amounted to £2.5 billion (2009: £2.7 billion) and had a weighted 
average life remaining of 6.4 years (2009: 6.9 years) and a weighted 
average interest rate of 6.4% (2009: 6.4%). Interest rate derivatives 
in place at 31 December 2010, which fix the interest cost on an 
additional £0.6 billion (2009: £0.8 billion) of variable rate debt,  
have a weighted average maturity of 1.1 years (2009: 1.7 years)  
and a weighted average interest rate of 4.2% (2009: 4.2%).

Treasury policies

The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV have 
requested that Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance 
BV have due regard to the best interests of Reed Elsevier PLC  
and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders in the formulation of treasury 
policies. Financial instruments are used to finance the Reed Elsevier 
businesses and to hedge transactions. Reed Elsevier’s businesses 
do not enter into speculative transactions. The main treasury risks 
faced by Reed Elsevier are liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign 
currency risk and credit risk. The boards of the parent companies 
agree overall policy guidelines for managing each of these risks and 
the boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Finance SA 
agree policies (in line with parent company guidelines) for their 
respective business and treasury centres. A summary of these 
policies is given below.

Capital and liquidity management
The capital structure is managed to support Reed Elsevier’s objective 
of maximising long-term shareholder value through appropriate 
security of funding, ready access to debt and capital markets, cost 
effective borrowing and flexibility to fund business and acquisition 
opportunities whilst maintaining appropriate leverage to optimise  
the cost of capital.

Over the long term Reed Elsevier targets cash flow conversion  
(the proportion of adjusted operating profits converted into cash) and 
credit metrics to reflect this aim and that are consistent with a solid 
investment grade credit rating. Levels of net debt should not exceed 
those consistent with such a rating other than for relatively short 
periods of time, for instance following an acquisition. The principal 
metrics utilised are free cash flow (after interest, tax and dividends)  
to net debt, net debt to ebitda (earnings before interest, taxation, 
depreciation and amortisation) and ebitda to net interest and these 
metrics are monitored and reported to senior management and the 
board representatives on a quarterly basis. Cash flow conversion  
of 90% or higher and a net debt to adjusted ebitda target, over the 
long term, in the range of 2x to 3x on a pensions and lease adjusted 
basis are consistent with the rating target. The cash flow conversion 
in 2010 was 98% and as at 31 December 2010 net debt to adjusted 
ebitda was 2.5x (2009: 2.9x) on a pensions and lease adjusted basis.

Reed Elsevier’s use of cash over the longer term reflects these 
objectives through a progressive dividend policy, selective acquisitions 
and, from time to time when conditions suggest, share repurchases 
whilst retaining the balance sheet strength to maintain access to the 
most cost effective sources of borrowing and to support Reed Elsevier’s 
strategic ambition in evolving publishing and information markets. 
Reed Elsevier’s balance sheet was strengthened in 2010 by the 
repayment of debt out of free cash flow and this focus on debt 
reduction will continue over the next 12 months.

48 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Foreign currency exposure management
Translation exposures arise on the earnings and net assets of 
business operations in countries other than those of each parent 
company. These exposures are hedged, to a significant extent,  
by a policy of denominating borrowings in currencies where 
significant translation exposures exist, most notably US dollars.
Currency exposures on transactions denominated in a foreign 
currency are required to be hedged using forward contracts.  
In addition, recurring transactions and future investment exposures 
may be hedged, in advance of becoming contractual. The precise 
policy differs according to the specific circumstances of the 
individual businesses. Highly predictable future cash flows may 
be covered for transactions expected to occur during the next  
12 months (50 months for Elsevier science and medical subscription 
businesses) within limits defined according to the period before the 
transaction is expected to become contractual. Cover takes the form 
of foreign exchange forward contracts.

As at 31 December 2010, the amount of outstanding foreign exchange 
cover against future transactions was £1.1 billion (2009: £1.0 billion).

Credit risk
Reed Elsevier has a credit exposure for the full principal amount  
of cash and cash equivalents held with individual counterparties.  
In addition, it has a credit risk from the potential non performance by 
counterparties to financial instruments; this credit risk normally being 
restricted to the amounts of any hedge gain and not the full principal 
amount being hedged. Credit risks are controlled by monitoring the 
credit quality of counterparties, principally licensed commercial 
banks and investment banks with strong long term credit ratings, 
and the amounts outstanding with each of them.

Reed Elsevier has treasury policies in place which do not allow 
concentrations of risk with individual counterparties and do not  
allow significant treasury exposures with counterparties which are 
rated lower than A/A2 by Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch.  
At 31 December 2010, cash and cash equivalents totalled £742 
million, of which 97% was held with banks rated A+/A1 or better.

Mark Armour
Chief Financial Officer

Key performance measures
Reed Elsevier uses a range of performance indicators  
to help measure its development against strategy  
and financial objectives. These indicators are integrated  
into the annual reports and are shown within the  
following sections:

Chief Executive Officer’s report  
(pages 6 to 7)

Business Review  
(pages 8 to 37)

Corporate responsibility  
(pages 38 to 41)

Chief Financial Officer’s report  
(pages 42 to 49)

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 49

 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal risks

Reed Elsevier has established risk management practices that are embedded into the operations of the businesses, based on the framework 
in internal control issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The principal risks facing 
Reed Elsevier, which have been considered by the Audit Committees and Boards, are described below. It is not possible to identify every  
risk that could affect our businesses, and the actions taken to mitigate the risks described below cannot provide absolute assurance that  
a risk will not materialise and/or adversely affect our business or financial performance. Our risk management and internal control processes 
are described in the Structure and Corporate Governance section. A description of the business and a discussion of factors affecting 
performance is set out in the Business and Financial Review and our financial risks are discussed in the Chief Financial Officer’s report  
and in note 18 to the combined financial statements of Reed Elsevier. Important specific risks that have been identified include:

Risk

Mitigation

Economy and market conditions
Demand for our products and services may be impacted by 
factors beyond our control such as the economic environment  
in the US and other major economies, and government funding. 

Our businesses are focused on professional markets which have 
generally been more resilient in periods of economic downturn.  
We deliver information solutions, many on a subscription basis, 
which are important to our customers’ effectiveness and efficiency. 

Customer acceptance of products 
Reed Elsevier’s businesses are dependent on the continued 
acceptance by our customers of our products and services  
and the value placed on them. 

We are focused on the needs and economics of our customers 
and seek to provide content and innovative solutions that help 
them achieve better outcomes and enhance productivity.

Competition
Our businesses operate in highly competitive markets.  
These markets continue to change in response to technological 
innovations, changing legislation, regulatory changes, the entrance 
of new competitors and other factors. 

Technology failure
Reed Elsevier’s businesses are increasingly dependent  
on electronic platforms and networks, primarily the internet,  
for delivery of products and services. Our businesses could  
be adversely affected if their electronic delivery platforms 
and networks experience a significant failure, interruption,  
or security breach. 

Data security
Our businesses maintain databases and information online, 
including personal information, and could be adversely affected  
if these experience a breach in security or if we fail to comply with 
applicable legislation or regulatory or contractual requirements 
governing such databases and information. 

To remain competitive we continuously invest significant  
resources in our products and services, and the infrastructure  
to support them. We gain insights into our markets, evolving 
customers’ needs and opportunities, the potential application  
of new technologies and business models, and the actions of 
competitors, and these insights inform our market strategies  
and operational priorities.

We have established procedures for the protection of our 
technology assets. These include the development of business 
continuity plans, including IT disaster recovery plans and back-up 
delivery systems, to reduce business disruption in the event of  
a major technology failure. 

We have established data privacy and security programmes.  
We test and re-evaluate our procedures and controls with the aim 
of ensuring that personal data is protected and that we comply 
with relevant legislation, regulatory and contractual requirements.

Intellectual property rights
Our products and services are largely comprised of intellectual 
property content delivered through a variety of media. We rely on 
trademark, copyright, patent and other intellectual property laws  
to establish and protect our proprietary rights in these products 
and services. There is a risk that our proprietary rights could be 
challenged, limited, invalidated or circumvented.

We actively engage in developing and promoting the legal 
protection of intellectual property rights. In our businesses, 
subscription contracts with customers contain provisions as to  
the use of proprietary content. We are also vigilant as to the use  
of our content and, as appropriate, take legal action to challenge 
illegal distribution sources. 

50 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Principal risks continued

Risk

Mitigation

Data sources
A number of our businesses rely extensively upon content and 
data from external sources. Data is obtained from public records, 
governmental authorities, customers and other information 
companies, including competitors. The disruption or loss of data 
sources in the future, because of changes in the law or because 
data suppliers decide not to supply them, could adversely affect 
our business if we were unable to arrange for substitute sources  
in a timely manner or at all.

Paid subscriptions
Our scientific, technical and medical (STM) primary publications, 
like those of most of our competitors, are published on a paid 
subscription basis. There has been continuous debate in the 
government, academic and library communities, which are the 
principal customers for our STM publications, regarding whether 
such publications should be funded instead through fees charged 
to authors and from governmental and other subsidies or made 
freely available after a period following publication. If these 
methods of STM publishing are widely adopted or mandated,  
it could adversely affect our revenue from paid subscription 
publications.

We seek as far as possible to have proprietary content.  
Where content is supplied to us by third parties, we seek  
to have contracts which provide mutual commercial benefit.  
We also maintain an active dialogue with regulatory authorities  
on privacy and other data related issues, and we promote,  
with others, the responsible use of data.

We engage extensively with stakeholders in the STM community  
to better understand their needs and deliver value to them.  
While we adopt a number of publishing models and continue 
to experiment, through the principal paid subscription model 
we encourage the submission of research output by scientists 
without the penalty of publishing cost. We focus on the integrity 
and quality of research through the editorial and peer review 
process; we invest in efficient editorial and distribution platforms 
and in innovation in platforms and tools to make content and  
data more accessible and actionable; and we ensure vigilance  
on plagiarism and the long term preservation of research findings. 

Supply chain dependencies
Our organisational and operational structures have increased 
dependency on outsourced and offshored functions. The failure  
of third parties to whom we have outsourced activities could 
adversely affect our business performance, reputation and 
financial condition.

We select our vendors with care and establish service level 
agreements that we closely monitor, including through key 
performance indicators. We also have developed business 
continuity plans to reduce disruption in the event of a major  
failure by a vendor.

Pensions 
We operate a number of pension schemes around the world, the 
largest schemes being of the defined benefit type in the UK, the 
US and the Netherlands. The assets and obligations associated 
with defined benefit pension schemes are particularly sensitive  
to changes in the market values of assets and the market related 
assumptions used to value scheme liabilities. 

Further information on risks associated with defined benefit 
pensions schemes is set out in note 5 to the Reed Elsevier 
combined financial statements.

We have well established professional management of our pension 
schemes and we focus on maintaining appropriate asset allocation 
and plan designs. We review our funding requirements on a regular 
basis with the assistance of independent actuaries and ensure that 
the funding plans are sufficient to meet future liabilities. 

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 51

 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal risks continued

Risk

Mitigation 

Tax
Our businesses operate worldwide and our earnings are subject  
to taxation in many differing jurisdictions and at differing rates.  
We seek to organise our affairs in a tax efficient manner, taking 
account of the jurisdictions in which we operate. However, tax laws 
that apply to Reed Elsevier businesses may be amended by the 
relevant authorities or interpreted differently which could adversely 
affect our reported results.

Acquisitions
We often acquire businesses to reshape and strengthen our 
portfolio. If we are unable to generate the anticipated benefits such 
as revenue growth, synergies and/or cost savings associated with 
these acquisitions this could adversely affect our reputation and 
financial condition.

Treasury 
The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements are expressed  
in pounds sterling and are subject to movements in exchange  
rates on the translation of the financial information of businesses 
whose operational currencies are other than sterling. The US is our 
most important market and, accordingly, significant fluctuations  
in the US dollar exchange rate could significantly affect our 
reported results.

Macroeconomic, political and market conditions may also 
adversely affect the availability of short and long term funding, 
volatility of interest rates, currency exchange rates and inflation.

Ethics 
Our businesses operate around the world and we have over 
30,000 employees. A breach of generally accepted ethical 
business standards could adversely affect our business 
performance, reputation and financial condition.

Environmental
Reed Elsevier and its businesses have an impact on the 
environment, principally through the use of energy and water, 
waste generation and, in our supply chain, through our paper  
use and print and production technologies. 

We have clear and consistent tax policies and tax matters are  
dealt with by a professional tax function, supported by external  
tax advisors. We maintain an open dialogue with the relevant  
tax authorities and are vigilant in ensuring that we comply with  
tax legislation. 

Our acquisitions are made within the framework of our overall 
strategy. We have a well formulated process for reviewing and 
executing acquisitions and for managing the post acquisition 
integration. This process is underpinned with clear strategic and 
financial acquisition criteria. We closely monitor the performance  
of acquisitions. 

The main treasury risks faced by Reed Elsevier are liquidity risk, 
interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and credit risk. 

Reed Elsevier’s approach to funding and management of interest 
rate and foreign currency exposures is described on pages 48  
and 49. The approach to the management of financial risks is 
described in note 18 to the combined financial statements.

Our Reed Elsevier Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is 
provided to every employee and is supported by training on 
specific topics. It encompasses such topics as fair competition, 
anti-bribery and human rights and it encourages open and 
principled behaviour. We also have well established processes  
for reporting and investigating unethical conduct.

Our approach to managing ethical risks is set out in our Corporate 
Responsibility Report available at www.reedelsevier.com/cr10 

We are committed to reducing these impacts by limiting resource 
use whenever possible and by efficiently employing sustainable 
materials and technologies. We require our suppliers and 
contractors to meet the same objectives. We seek to ensure  
that Reed Elsevier’s businesses are compliant with all relevant 
environmental regulation. 

Our approach to managing environmental risks is set  
out in our Corporate Responsibility Report available at  
www.reedelsevier.com/cr10

52 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Governance

54 Board Directors

56 Structure and corporate governance

62 Directors’ remuneration report

81 Report of the Audit Committees

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 53

 
 
 
 
 
 
2

5

8

3

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9

Board Directors

1

4

7

10

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Executive Directors

1 Erik Engstrom (47) 
(Swedish) Chief Executive Officer since 2009. Joined Reed Elsevier  
as Chief Executive Officer of Elsevier in 2004. Prior to joining Reed 
Elsevier was a partner at General Atlantic Partners. Before that was 
president and chief operating officer of Random House Inc and,  
before its merger with Random House, president and chief executive 
officer of Bantam Doubleday Dell, North America. Began his career  
as a consultant with McKinsey. Served as a non-executive director  
of Eniro AB and Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget SCA. Holds a BSc 
from Stockholm School of Economics, an MSc from the Royal  
Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and gained an MBA from  
Harvard Business School as a Fulbright Scholar.

2 Mark Armour (56)
(British) Chief Financial Officer since 1996. Non-executive director  
of SABMiller plc. Prior to joining Reed Elsevier as Deputy Chief  
Financial Officer in 1995, was a partner in Price Waterhouse.  
Holds an MA in Engineering from Cambridge University and  
qualified as a Chartered Accountant.

Non-Executive Directors
3 Anthony Habgood (64)
(British) Appointed Chairman 2009. Chairman of Whitbread plc.  
Was chairman of Bunzl plc and of Mölnlycke Healthcare Limited and 
served as chief executive of Bunzl plc, chief executive of Tootal Group 
plc and a director of The Boston Consulting Group lnc. He has also 
been a non-executive director of Geest plc; Marks and Spencer plc; 
National Westminster Bank plc; Powergen plc; and SVG Capital plc. 
Holds an MA in Economics from Cambridge University and an MS  
in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University. He is  
a visiting Fellow at Oxford University.

4 Mark Elliott (61)
(American) Appointed 2003. Chairman of the Remuneration Committee. 
Chairman of QinetiQ Group plc and a non-executive director of G4S plc. 
Until his retirement in 2008, was general manager IBM Global Solutions, 
having held a number of positions with IBM, including managing 
director of IBM Europe, Middle East and Africa.

5 Lisa Hook (52)
(American) Appointed 2006. President and chief executive officer of 
Neustar Inc. A director of The Ocean Foundation. Was president and 
chief executive officer at Sun Rocket Inc. Before that was president  
of AOL Broadband, Premium and Developer Services. Prior to joining 
AOL, was a founding partner at Brera Capital Partners LLC. Previously 
was chief operating officer of Time Warner Telecommunications.  
Has served as senior advisor to the Federal Communications 
Commission Chairman and a senior counsel to Viacom Cable.

6 Marike van Lier Lels (51)
(Dutch) Appointed January 2010. Member of the supervisory boards of 
KPN NV, USG People NV, TKH Group NV and Maersk BV. A member 
of the audit committee of the Algemene Rekenkamer and of various 
Dutch governmental advisory boards. Was executive vice president and 
chief operating officer of the Schiphol Group. Prior to joining Schiphol 
Group, was a member of the executive board of Deutsche Post Euro 
Express and held various senior positions with Nedlloyd.

7 Robert Polet (55)
(Dutch) Appointed 2007. President and chief executive officer of  
Gucci Group. Non-executive director of Wilderness Holdings Limited. 
Spent 26 years at Unilever working in a variety of marketing and  
senior executive positions throughout the world including president  
of Unilever’s Worldwide Ice Cream and Frozen Foods division.

8 David Reid (64)
(British) Appointed 2003. Senior independent director. Non-executive 
chairman of Tesco PLC, having previously been executive deputy 
chairman until December 2003, and finance director from 1985 to 1997. 
Chairman of Kwik-Fit and previously a non-executive director of De Vere 
PLC, Legal & General Group plc and Westbury PLC.

9 Lord Sharman of Redlynch OBE (67)
(British) Appointed 2002. Served as Chairman of the Audit Committee 
until August 2010. Non-executive chairman of Aviva PLC and a 
non-executive director of BG Group plc. Member of the House of  
Lords since 1999. Was chairman of KPMG Worldwide until 1999, 
having joined KPMG in 1966. Previous non-executive directorships 
include: chairman of Aegis Group plc; deputy chairman of G4S plc; 
Young & Co’s Brewery plc; AEA Technology plc; and member of the 
supervisory board of ABN AMRO Holding NV.

10 Ben van der Veer (59)
(Dutch) Appointed 2009. Chairman of the Audit Committee from August 
2010. Member of the supervisory boards of AEGON NV, TomTom NV, 
Siemens Nederland NV and Koninklijke FrieslandCampina NV. Was 
chairman of the executive board of KPMG in the Netherlands and a 
member of the management committee of the KPMG International 
board until his retirement in 2008, having joined KPMG in 1976.

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Board Committee Membership

Audit Committees: Reed Elsevier Group plc, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
Remuneration Committee: Reed Elsevier Group plc
Nominations Committee: joint Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
Corporate Governance Committee: joint Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV

Both of the executive directors are directors of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Reed Elsevier PLC 
and members of the Executive Board of Reed Elsevier NV.

Mrs van Lier Lels is a member of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV. All of the other 
non-executive directors are directors of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Reed Elsevier PLC and 
members of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 55

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Structure and corporate governance

Corporate structure

Reed Elsevier was created in January 1993, when Reed Elsevier PLC
and Reed Elsevier NV contributed their business to two jointly owned
companies, Reed Elsevier Group plc, a UK registered company
which owns the publishing and information businesses, and Elsevier
Reed Finance BV, a Dutch registered company which owns the
financing activities. Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV have
retained their separate legal and national identities and are publicly
held companies. Reed Elsevier PLC’s securities are listed in London
and New York, and Reed Elsevier NV’s securities are listed in
Amsterdam and New York. Following the merger of their respective
businesses, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV entered into
a Governing Agreement to regulate their relationship, including the
economic interests of the parties and the composition of their boards
and those of Reed Elsevier Group plc and of Elsevier Reed Finance
BV, as further referred to below.

Reed Elsevier
PLC

Reed Elsevier
NV

Reed Elsevier Group plc
Publishing and Information Businesses

Elsevier

LexisNexis
Risk
Solutions

LexisNexis
Legal &
Professional

Reed
Exhibitions

Reed
Business
Information

Elsevier Reed Finance BV
Finance Activities

Equalisation arrangements
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV each hold a 50% interest
in Reed Elsevier Group plc. Reed Elsevier PLC holds a 39% interest
in Elsevier Reed Finance BV, with Reed Elsevier NV holding a 61%
interest. Reed Elsevier PLC additionally holds a 5.8% indirect equity
interest in Reed Elsevier NV, reflecting the arrangements entered
into between the two companies at the time of the merger, which
determined the equalisation ratio whereby one Reed Elsevier NV
ordinary share is, in broad terms, intended to confer equivalent
economic interests to 1.538 Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares.
The equalisation ratio is subject to change to reflect share splits
and similar events that affect the number of outstanding ordinary
shares of either Reed Elsevier PLC or Reed Elsevier NV.

Under the equalisation arrangements, Reed Elsevier PLC
shareholders have a 52.9% economic interest in the Reed Elsevier
combined businesses, and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders
(other than Reed Elsevier PLC) have a 47.1% economic interest
in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses. Holders of ordinary
shares in Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV enjoy
substantially equivalent dividend and capital rights with respect
to their ordinary shares.

56 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

The boards of both Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
have agreed, other than in special circumstances, to recommend
equivalent gross dividends (including, with respect to the dividend
on Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares, the associated UK tax credit)
based on the equalisation ratio. A Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary share
pays dividends in sterling and is subject to UK tax law with respect
to dividend and capital rights. A Reed Elsevier NV ordinary share
pays dividends in euros and is subject to Dutch tax law with respect
to dividend and capital rights. The exchange rate used for each dividend
calculation is the spot euro/sterling exchange rate, averaged over a
period of five consecutive business days commencing on the tenth
business day before the announcement of the proposed dividend.

Compliance

Compliance with codes of best practice
The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV have
implemented standards of corporate governance and disclosure
policies applicable to companies listed on the stock exchanges
of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States.
The effect of this is that a standard applying to one will, where not
in conflict, also be observed by the other.

The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV (which
comprises an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board, together
the Combined Board) support the principles and provisions
of corporate governance contained in the Combined Code on
Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting Council
in June 2008 (the UK Code) and those contained in the Dutch
Corporate Governance Code issued in December 2008 (the Dutch
Code). The principles and provisions set out in the UK Code and
the Dutch Code have applied throughout the financial year ended
31 December 2010. Reed Elsevier PLC, which has its primary listing
on the London Stock Exchange, has complied throughout the year
with the UK Code. Reed Elsevier NV, which has its primary listing on
the Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange, has complied throughout
the year with the UK Code, and subject to limited exceptions as
explained in the Reed Elsevier NV Report of the Supervisory Board
and the Executive Board on pages 166 to 169, has applied the
best practice provisions of the Dutch Code. The ways in which
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV have applied the main
principles of the UK Code are described below. For further
information on the application of the Dutch Code by Reed Elsevier
NV, see the Corporate Governance Statement of Reed Elsevier NV
published on the Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com.

New UK Corporate Governance Code
In May 2010 the Financial Reporting Council issued The UK
Corporate Governance Code (the New UK Code), which replaces
the UK Code for financial years beginning on or after 29 June 2010.
The New UK Code will, therefore, apply to Reed Elsevier in respect
of the financial year beginning 1 January 2011. It is the intention of
the boards to comply with the New UK Code and in accordance with
its recommendation, all directors will seek annual re-election at the
respective Annual General Meetings of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed
Elsevier NV commencing from the meetings to be held in April 2011.

Relations with shareholders
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV participate in regular
dialogue with institutional shareholders. Presentations are made by
the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
following the announcement of the interim and full year results and

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Structure and corporate governance continued

these are simultaneously webcast. Two investor seminars on specific 
areas of the business are currently planned for 2011 and these will 
also be webcast. The Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial 
Officer and the investor relations team meet institutional shareholders 
on a regular basis and the Chairman also makes himself available to 
major institutions as appropriate. A trading update is provided ahead 
of the Annual General Meetings of the two companies and towards 
the end of the financial year through Interim Management Statements. 
The interim and annual results announcements and presentations, 
together with the Interim Management Statements, investor seminar 
presentations and other important announcements and corporate 
governance documents concerning Reed Elsevier, are published on 
the Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com. In accordance 
with the provisions of the Dutch Code, Reed Elsevier NV has adopted 
a bilateral shareholder contact policy, which is also published on the 
Reed Elsevier website. The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed 
Elsevier NV commission periodic reports on the attitudes and views 
of the companies’ institutional shareholders and the results are the 
subject of formal presentations to the respective boards.

Both Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV offer e-voting  
facilities in relation to proxy voting at shareholder meetings. The 
Annual General Meetings provide an opportunity for the boards  
to communicate with individual shareholders. The Chairman, the 
Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the chairmen  
of the board committees, other directors and a representative of the 
external auditors are available to answer questions from shareholders.

Board induction and information
On appointment and as required, directors receive training appropriate 
to their level of previous experience. This includes the provision of  
a tailored induction programme so as to provide newly appointed 
directors with information about the Reed Elsevier businesses and 
other relevant information to assist them in performing their duties. 
Non-executive directors are encouraged to visit the Reed Elsevier 
businesses to meet management and senior staff.

All directors have full and timely access to the information required  
to discharge their responsibilities fully and efficiently. They have 
access to the services of the respective company secretaries, other 
members of Reed Elsevier’s management and staff, and external 
advisors. Directors may take independent professional advice in  
the furtherance of their duties, at the relevant company’s expense.

In addition to scheduled board and board committee meetings  
held during the year, directors attend many other meetings and  
site visits. Where a director is unable to attend a board or board 
committee meeting he or she is provided with all relevant papers  
and information relating to that meeting and is able to discuss issues 
arising with the respective Chairman and other board members.

Board evaluation
During the year the Corporate Governance Committee assessed  
the performance of individual directors and, led by the senior 
independent director, also assessed the performance of the 
Chairman. Using questionnaires completed by all directors, the 
Committee reviewed the functioning and constitution of the boards 
and their committees. Based on these assessments and on the 
board effectiveness review, the Committee believes that the 
performance of each director continues to be effective and that they 
demonstrate commitment to their respective roles in Reed Elsevier. 
The Committee currently envisages initiating an independent 
evaluation of the boards and their committees in 2011.

The boards

The board of Reed Elsevier PLC, the Combined Board of  
Reed Elsevier NV and the board of Reed Elsevier Group plc are 
harmonised. All of the directors of Reed Elsevier Group plc are  
also directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and are a member of either  
the Executive Board or the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV. 
Reed Elsevier NV may nominate for appointment to the Supervisory 
Board two directors who are not appointed to the boards of either 
Reed Elsevier PLC or Reed Elsevier Group plc. Marike van Lier Lels 
was appointed to the Reed Elsevier NV Supervisory Board in 
January 2010, in succession to Dien de Boer-Kruyt who retired at  
the conclusion of the Reed Elsevier NV Annual General Meeting in 
April 2010. The names, nationality and biographical details of each 
director at the date of this report appear on pages 54 and 55.

The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier 
Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV each comprise a balance 
of executive and non-executive directors who bring a wide range of 
skills and experience to the deliberations of the boards. The boards 
review the independence of the non-executive directors every year, 
based on the criteria for independence set out in the UK Code.  
The UK Code does not consider the Chairman to be independent 
due to the unique role the Chairman has in corporate governance. 
Notwithstanding this, Anthony Habgood met the independence 
criteria contained in the UK Code when he was appointed Chairman 
in 2009. The boards consider all non-executive directors (other than 
the Chairman) to be independent of management and free from any 
business or other relationship which could materially interfere with 
their ability to exercise independent judgement. Lord Sharman, who 
was appointed as a non-executive director of Reed Elsevier PLC in 
January 2002, and a member of the Reed Elsevier NV Supervisory 
Board in April 2002, will retire from the respective boards at the 
conclusion of the Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC Annual 
General Meetings in April 2011. The boards have determined that 
Lord Sharman remains independent in character and judgement 
despite having served on the board of Reed Elsevier PLC for more 
than nine years; there are also no relationships or circumstances 
which are likely to affect his independent judgement.

The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and of Reed Elsevier NV have 
appointed David Reid to act as senior independent director, who  
is available to meet with institutional shareholders and assist in 
resolving concerns in cases where alternative channels are deemed 
inappropriate. The senior independent director also leads the annual 
assessment of the functioning and performance of the Chairman of 
Reed Elsevier PLC/Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Reed 
Elsevier NV. A profile, which identifies the skills and experience of  
the non-executive directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and the members 
of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV, is available on the 
Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com.

Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders maintain  
their rights to appoint individuals to the respective boards in 
accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Association of  
these companies. Subject to this, no individual may be appointed  
to the boards of Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV (either of the 
Executive Board or the Supervisory Board) or Reed Elsevier Group 
plc unless recommended by the joint Nominations Committee. 
Members of the Committee abstain when their own re-appointment 
is being considered.

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Structure and corporate governance continued

Board attendance

Members

Mark Armour
Dien de Boer-Kruyt
Mark Elliott
Erik Engstrom
Anthony Habgood
Lisa Hook
Marike van Lier Lels
Robert Polet
Andrew Prozes
David Reid
Lord Sharman
Ben van der Veer

Reed Elsevier PLC

Reed Elsevier NV

Reed Elsevier Group plc

Date of
appointment
(cessation)
during the year

Number of
meetings
held whilst
a director

Number
of meetings
attended

Number of
meetings
held whilst
a director

Number
of meetings
attended

Number of
meetings
held whilst
a director

Number of 
meetings 
attended

(April 2010)

January 2010

(December 2010)

6
n/a
6
6
6
6
n/a
6
6
6
6
6

5
n/a
5
6
6
5
n/a
5
4
4
4
6

6
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

5
1
5
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
6

7
n/a
7
7
7
7
n/a
7
7
7
7
7

6 
n/a 
6 
7 
7 
6 
n/a 
6 
5 
5 
4 
7

As a general rule, letters of appointment in respect of non-executive 
directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and members of the Supervisory 
Board of Reed Elsevier NV provide that individuals will serve for an 
initial term of three years, and are typically expected to serve two 
three-year terms, although the boards may invite an individual to 
serve for an additional period of three years.

The respective Articles of Association of Reed Elsevier PLC and 
Reed Elsevier NV provide that all directors should be subject to 
retirement at least every three years and are then able to make 
themselves available for re-election by shareholders at subsequent 
Annual General Meetings. Notwithstanding the provisions of the  
said Articles of Association, the boards intend to comply with the 
recommendations contained in the New UK Code, and all directors 
will seek re-election by shareholders annually, commencing with  
the Annual General Meetings to be held in April 2011.

Board changes
Changes during the year in the composition of the boards of  
Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier Group plc 
are noted in the table above.

Based on recommendations from the Nominations Committee, 
Marike van Lier Lels was appointed a member of the Reed Elsevier 
NV Supervisory Board in January 2010. Mrs Van Lier Lels has 
extensive business and international experience, along with specific 
knowledge of employee related matters in the Netherlands. Mrs de 
Boer-Kruyt retired from the Reed Elsevier NV Supervisory Board in 
April 2010. Mr Prozes retired as an executive director of the boards 
on 31 December 2010.

Lord Sharman will retire from the boards at the conclusion of the 
Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC Annual General Meetings 
in April 2011, and will not seek re-election. In accordance with the 
recommendation in the New UK Code, all other directors will retire 
from the boards at the respective Annual General Meetings and, 
being eligible, they will offer themselves for re-election. Taking into 
account the assessment by the Corporate Governance Committee 
of the qualifications, performance and effectiveness of each 
individual director seeking re-election, the boards have accepted  
a recommendation from the Nominations Committee that each 
director be proposed for re-election at the Annual General Meeting  
of the respective company.

The boards, in conjunction with external recruitment consultants, have 
been conducting a search for a suitable candidate as a non-executive 
director and, on the recommendation of the Nominations Committee, 
Adrian Hennah will be proposed for appointment as a non-executive 
director of Reed Elsevier PLC and as a member of the Supervisory 
Board of Reed Elsevier NV at the Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier 
NV Annual General Meetings in April 2011. Mr Hennah was appointed 
chief financial officer of Smith & Nephew plc in 2006. He has over  
25 years’ experience in finance and operations in the medical devices, 
technology and pharmaceuticals industries, and will bring highly 
relevant experience to the board discussions. Subject to his 
appointment at the Annual General Meetings, he will also be appointed 
a non-executive director of Reed Elsevier Group plc and a member  
of the Audit Committees and of the Corporate Governance Committee.

Elsevier Reed Finance BV has a two-tier board structure 
comprising a Supervisory Board and a Management Board. The 
Supervisory Board consists of Rudolf van den Brink (Chairman), 
Mark Armour, Ben van der Veer and Marike van Lier Lels, with the
Management Board consisting of Jacques Billy, Gerben de Jong 
and Jans van der Woude. Appointments to the Supervisory Board 
and the Management Board are made by Elsevier Reed Finance 
BV’s shareholders, in accordance with the company’s Articles  
of Association.

Members

Mark Armour
Jacques Billy
Dien de Boer-Kruyt
Rudolf van den Brink
Gerben de Jong
Marike van Lier Lels
Ben van der Veer
Jans van der Woude

Date of
appointment
(cessation)
during the year

Number of 
 meetings
held whilst
a director

Number of 
meetings 
attended

(April 2010)

February 2010
February 2010

3
3
1
3
3
2
2
3

3 
3 
1 
3 
3
2
2
3

Board committees 

In accordance with the principles of good corporate governance,  
the following committees have been established by the respective 
boards. All of the committees have written terms of reference, which 
are published on the Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com. 
Membership of each committee during the year is set out on page 59.

58 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Audit Committees: Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV and  
Reed Elsevier Group plc have established Audit Committees. 
The Committees comprise only non-executive directors. The 
Committees have been chaired by Ben van der Veer since August 
2010, having previously been chaired by Lord Sharman. A report  
of the Audit Committees, setting out their role and main activities 
during the year, appears on pages 81 to 84.

Members

Mark Elliott
Anthony Habgood
David Reid
Lord Sharman

Number of 
meetings
held whilst a
Committee
member

5
5
5
5

Number of 
meetings 
attended

5 
5 
5 
3

Members

Lisa Hook
David Reid
Lord Sharman
Ben van der Veer

Number of 
 meetings
 held whilst a
Committee
member

5
5
5
5

Number of 
meetings 
attended

5 
5 
4 
5

The functions of an audit committee in respect of the financing 
activities are carried out by the Supervisory Board of Elsevier  
Reed Finance BV.

Remuneration Committee: Reed Elsevier Group plc has 
established a Remuneration Committee, which is responsible for 
determining the remuneration for the executive directors of Reed 
Elsevier Group plc, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. The 
Committee comprises only non-executive directors, and is chaired 
by Mark Elliott. A Directors’ Remuneration Report, which has been 
approved by the boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc, Reed Elsevier 
PLC and Reed Elsevier NV, appears on pages 62 to 80. This report 
also serves as disclosure of the directors’ remuneration policy, and 
the remuneration and interests of the directors in the shares of the 
two parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV.

Members

Mark Elliott
Anthony Habgood
Robert Polet
David Reid

Date of
appointment
during the year

January 2010

Number of 
meetings
held whilst a
Committee
member

6
6
6
6

Number of 
meetings 
attended

6 
6 
6 
5

Nominations Committee: Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier 
NV have established a joint Nominations Committee, which  
provides a formal and transparent procedure for the selection  
and appointment of new directors to the boards. The Committee 
comprises only non-executive directors, and is chaired by Anthony 
Habgood. The Committee’s terms of reference include assuring 
board succession and making recommendations to the boards of 
Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier Group plc 
concerning the appointment or re-appointment of directors to,  
and the retirement of directors from, those boards. In conjunction 
with the Reed Elsevier Group plc Remuneration Committee  
and external consultants, the Committee is also responsible for 
developing proposals for the remuneration and fees for new directors. 
In recommending appointments to the Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV Boards, the Committee considers the knowledge, 
experience and background of individual directors and has regard to 
diversity. In respect of the Supervisory Board as a whole, it also has 
regard to the profile adopted for the constitution of the Supervisory 
Board (see www.reedelsevier.com).

Ben van der Veer was appointed a member of the Committee  
in January 2011.

Corporate Governance Committee: Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV have established a joint Corporate Governance 
Committee, which is responsible for reviewing ongoing 
developments and best practice in corporate governance. The 
Committee is also responsible for assessing the performance of  
the directors and recommending the structure and operation of the 
various committees of the boards and the qualifications and criteria 
for membership of each committee, including the independence  
of members of the boards. The Committee comprises only  
non-executive directors, and is chaired by Anthony Habgood.

Members

Dien de Boer-Kruyt
Mark Elliott
Anthony Habgood
Lisa Hook
Marike van Lier Lels
Robert Polet
David Reid
Lord Sharman
Ben van der Veer

Date of
appointment
(cessation)
during the
year

(April 2010)

January 2010

Number of
meetings
held whilst a
Committee
member

Number of 
meetings 
attended

2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

1 
3 
3 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
3

Internal control 

Parent companies
The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV exercise 
independent supervisory roles over the activities and systems of 
internal control of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed 
Finance BV. The boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
have each adopted a schedule of matters which are required to be 
brought to them for decision. In relation to Reed Elsevier Group plc 
and Elsevier Reed Finance BV, the boards of Reed Elsevier PLC and 
Reed Elsevier NV approve the strategy and the annual budgets, and 
receive regular reports on the operations, including the treasury and 
risk management activities of the two companies. Major transactions 
proposed by the boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc or Elsevier Reed 
Finance BV require the approval of the boards of both Reed Elsevier 
PLC and Reed Elsevier NV.

The Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV Audit Committees 
meet on a regular basis to review the systems of internal control  
and risk management of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier  
Reed Finance BV.

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Structure and corporate governance continued

Operating companies
The board of Reed Elsevier Group plc is responsible for the system  
of internal control of the Reed Elsevier publishing and information 
businesses, while the boards of Elsevier Reed Finance BV are 
responsible for the system of internal control in respect of the finance 
group activities. The boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier 
Reed Finance BV are also responsible for reviewing the effectiveness 
of their systems of internal control.

The boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance 
BV have each implemented an ongoing process for identifying, 
evaluating, monitoring and managing the more significant risks faced 
by their respective businesses. These processes have been in place 
throughout the year ended 31 December 2010 and up to the date of 
the approvals of the Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010.

Reed Elsevier Group plc
Reed Elsevier Group plc has an established framework of 
procedures and internal controls, with which the management of 
each business is required to comply. Group businesses are required 
to maintain systems of internal control which are appropriate to  
the nature and scale of their activities and address all significant 
operational and financial risks that they face. The board of Reed 
Elsevier Group plc has adopted a schedule of matters that are 
required to be brought to it for decision.

Reed Elsevier Group plc has a Code of Ethics and Business 
Conduct that provides a guide for achieving its business goals  
and requires officers and employees to behave in an open, honest, 
ethical and principled manner. The Code also outlines confidential 
procedures enabling employees to report any concerns  
about compliance, or about Reed Elsevier’s financial reporting 
practice. The Code is published on the Reed Elsevier website,  
www.reedelsevier.com.

Each division has identified and evaluated its major risks, the  
controls in place to manage those risks and the levels of residual risk 
accepted. Risk management and control procedures are embedded 
into the operations of the business and include the monitoring of 
progress in areas for improvement that come to management and 
board attention. The major risks identified include business continuity, 
protection of IT systems and data, challenges to intellectual property 
rights, management of strategic and operational change, evaluation 
and integration of acquisitions, and recruitment and retention of 
personnel. Further detail on the principal risks facing Reed Elsevier  
is set out on pages 50 to 52.

The major strategic risks facing the Reed Elsevier Group plc 
businesses are considered by the Board. Reed Elsevier’s Chief Risk 
Officer is responsible for providing regular reports to the Board and 
Audit Committee. Working closely with business management and 
with the central functions, the role of the Chief Risk Officer is to 
ensure that Reed Elsevier is managing its business risks effectively 
and in a coordinated manner across the business with clarity on  
the respective responsibilities and interdependencies. Litigation  
and other legal regulatory matters are managed by legal directors  
in Europe and the United States.

The Reed Elsevier Group plc Audit Committee receives regular 
reports on the identification and management of material risks and 
reviews these reports. The Audit Committee also receives regular 
reports from both internal and external auditors on internal control 
and risk management matters. In addition, each division is required, 
at the end of the financial year, to review the effectiveness of internal 
controls and risk management and report its findings on a detailed 
basis to the management of Reed Elsevier Group plc. These reports 
are summarised and, as part of the annual review of effectiveness, 
submitted to the Audit Committee of Reed Elsevier Group plc.  
The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports to the board on  
any significant internal control matters arising.

Elsevier Reed Finance BV
Elsevier Reed Finance BV has established policy guidelines,  
which are applied to all Elsevier Reed Finance BV companies.  
The respective boards of Elsevier Reed Finance BV have adopted 
schedules of matters that are required to be brought to them for 
decision. Procedures are in place for monitoring the activities of the 
finance group, including a comprehensive treasury reporting system. 
The major risks affecting the finance group have been identified and 
evaluated and are subject to regular review. The controls in place  
to manage these risks and the level of residual risk accepted  
are monitored by the boards.

Annual review
As part of the year end procedures, the Audit Committees and 
boards of Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier Group 
plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV review the effectiveness of the 
systems of internal control and risk management during the last 
financial year. The objective of these systems is to manage, rather 
than eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business objectives. 
Accordingly, they can only provide reasonable, but not absolute, 
assurance against material misstatement or loss. The boards have 
confirmed, subject to the above, that as regards financial reporting 
risks, the respective risk management and control systems provide 
reasonable assurance against material inaccuracies or loss and have 
functioned properly during the year.

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Responsibilities in respect of the  
financial statements 

The directors of Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier 
Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV are required to prepare 
financial statements as at the end of each financial period, in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations, which give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs, and of the profit or loss, of the 
respective companies and their subsidiaries, joint ventures and 
associates. They are responsible for maintaining proper accounting 
records, for safeguarding assets, and for taking reasonable steps  
to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities. The directors  
are also responsible for selecting suitable accounting policies and 
applying them on a consistent basis, making judgements and 
estimates that are prudent and reasonable.

Applicable accounting standards have been followed and the  
Reed Elsevier combined financial statements, which are the 
responsibility of the directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier 
NV, are prepared using accounting policies which comply with 
International Financial Reporting Standards.

Going concern 

The directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV, having 
made appropriate enquiries, consider that adequate resources exist 
for the combined businesses to continue in operational existence for 
the foreseeable future and that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing the 2010 financial statements. 
In reaching this conclusion, the directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and 
Reed Elsevier NV have had due regard to the combined businesses’ 
financial position as at 31 December 2010, the strong free cash flow 
of the combined businesses, Reed Elsevier’s ability to access capital 
markets and the principal risks facing Reed Elsevier.

A commentary on the Reed Elsevier combined businesses’  
cash flows, financial position and liquidity for the year ended  
31 December 2010 is set out in the Chief Financial Officer’s Report 
on pages 44 and 45. This shows that after taking account of 
available cash resources and committed bank facilities that back up 
short term borrowings, none of Reed Elsevier’s borrowings fall  
due within the next two years. Reed Elsevier’s policies on liquidity, 
capital management and management of risks relating to interest 
rate, foreign exchange and credit exposures are set out on pages 48 
and 49. Further information on liquidity of the combined businesses 
can be found in note 18 of the combined financial statements. The 
principal risks facing Reed Elsevier are set out on pages 50 to 52.

US certificates 

As required by Section 302 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 
and by related rules issued by the US Securities and Exchange 
Commission, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
of Reed Elsevier PLC and of Reed Elsevier NV certify in the 
respective Annual Reports 2010 on Form 20-F to be filed with  
the Commission that they are responsible for establishing and 
maintaining disclosure controls and procedures and that they have:

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)
that material information relating to Reed Elsevier is made known 
to them;

(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:8)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)
and procedures;

(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
and the external auditors all significant deficiencies in the design 
or operation of disclosure controls and procedures and any 
frauds, whether or not material, that involve management or 
other employees who have a significant role in Reed Elsevier’s 
internal controls; and

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:1)
20-F their conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure 
controls and procedures.

A Disclosure Committee, comprising the company secretaries of 
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV and other senior Reed 
Elsevier managers, provides assurance to the Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer regarding their Section 302 certifications.

Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 requires the Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Reed Elsevier PLC 
and of Reed Elsevier NV to certify in the respective Annual Reports 
2010 on Form 20-F that they are responsible for maintaining 
adequate internal control structures and procedures for financial 
reporting and to conduct an assessment of their effectiveness.  
The conclusions of the assessment of internal control structures  
and financial reporting procedures, which are unqualified, are 
presented in the Reed Elsevier Annual Report 2010 on Form 20-F.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 61

 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report

Remuneration Committee

63 Constitution and terms of reference

Executive directors

63 Remuneration philosophy and policy
65 The total remuneration package
73 Service contracts

Non-executive directors

74 Policy on non-executive directors’ fees

Total Shareholder Return graphs

75 Total Shareholder Return graphs

Remuneration and share tables

75 Directors’ emoluments and fees
76 Directors’ shareholdings in Reed Elsevier
76 Share-based awards in Reed Elsevier

This report (the Directors’ Remuneration Report) describes how 
Reed Elsevier applies the principles of good governance relating  
to directors’ remuneration. In respect to the disclosures contained  
in this report, we have sought to comply with the substance and 
spirit of prevailing legislation and corporate governance guidelines  
in the UK and the Netherlands. The Remuneration Committee  
(the Committee) has sought to balance in a thoughtful and 
responsible manner the UK legislative requirements with best 
practice guidelines on disclosure in the Netherlands. This report 
has been prepared by the Remuneration Committee of Reed 
Elsevier Group plc in accordance with regulations made under the 
Companies Act 2006 and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code 
(the Dutch Code).

The Directors’ Remuneration Report was approved by the boards 
of Reed Elsevier Group plc, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier 
NV and will be submitted to shareholders for an advisory vote at  
the Annual General Meeting of Reed Elsevier PLC. In addition,  
resolutions will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting  
of Reed Elsevier NV requesting approval for the introduction 
of a separate annual fee for the senior independent director and 
for setting the maximum amount of annual remuneration of the 
Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV at €600,000.

The audited parts of the Directors’ Remuneration Report
In compliance with the Large and Medium-sized Companies and 
Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, and under  
Title 9, Book 2 of the Civil Code in the Netherlands, the following 
elements of this report have been audited: the table entitled 
‘Transfer values of accrued pension benefits’ on page 73; the  
tables showing ‘Aggregate emoluments’ and ‘Individual fees  
of non-executive directors’ on page 75; the tables on ‘Individual 
emoluments of executive directors’ and ‘Directors’ shareholdings 
in Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV’ on page 76; and  
the section ‘Share-based awards in Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV’ on pages 76-79. 

62 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

Introduction from Remuneration  
Committee Chairman

2010 saw the implementation of two new multi-year incentives, the 
Reed Elsevier Growth Plan (REGP) and the new Bonus Investment 
Plan (BIP), both of which received overwhelming shareholder 
approval at the 2010 Annual General Meetings of Reed Elsevier PLC 
and Reed Elsevier NV. Awards were made in May 2010 under both 
plans while no awards were made under the Long-Term Incentive 
Plan (LTIP) approved by shareholders in 2003 (and amended in 2006). 
As previously communicated to shareholders, no new Long-Term 
Incentive Plan for executive directors in 2011 or thereafter will be 
introduced without shareholder approval. No awards were made 
during the year under the Executive Share Option Scheme (ESOS), 
also approved by shareholders in 2003, to executive directors.

During the year, awards granted under the 2007-09 cycle of  
ESOS, BIP and LTIP lapsed for executive directors as a result of 
performance conditions not being met. ESOS and LTIP awards 
granted under the 2008-10 cycle lapsed for executive directors prior 
to the date of this report for the same reasons. In addition, unvested 
matching awards granted under the BIP prior to 2010 lapsed  
during the year. 

Since the REGP is a one-off arrangement, the executive directors 
are not eligible for any further grants under that plan and no grants 
will be made to them in 2011 under the LTIP. For 2011 the executive 
directors are eligible to participate in the 2011-13 cycle of the new 
BIP and the Committee intends to make grants of market value 
options under the ESOS to the executive directors. The grants will 
be made within the limits and be subject to pre- and post grant 
performance conditions as previously approved by shareholders. 
The grants to all participants under the multi-year incentives will be 
made in May.

Having given no annual salary increases to executive directors 
since January 2008, the Committee decided to award the executive 
directors a salary increase of 2.5% each effective 1 January 2011. 

Annual bonuses payable for 2010 to the executive directors were 
below target as the Committee had decided that an on or above 
target bonus could only be achieved if profits in 2010 exceeded 2009.

Standard terms and conditions were applied to the retirement of 
Andrew Prozes who retired on 31 December 2010. Furthermore,  
the Committee revised its terms of reference during the year in the 
context of best practice guidance. 

Our approach to preparing this report has been to meet the highest 
standards of disclosure. In balancing relevant requirements in the  
UK and the Netherlands, the Committee had regard to the approach 
adopted by other large global businesses subject to disclosure 
requirements in more than one jurisdiction. As in prior years, our aim 
has been to produce a clear, informative and understandable report. 

Mark Elliott
Chairman, Remuneration Committee

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Remuneration Committee

Constitution
Throughout 2010, the Committee consisted of independent 
non-executive directors, as defined by the UK Corporate 
Governance Code and the Dutch Code, and the Chairman of  
Reed Elsevier Group plc. Details of Committee members and 
meeting attendance are contained in the section on ‘Structure  
and corporate governance’ in the Annual Reports. The Company 
Secretary of Reed Elsevier Group plc, Stephen Cowden, also 
attends the meetings in his capacity as secretary to the Committee. 
At the invitation of the Committee Chairman, the CEO of Reed 
Elsevier Group plc attends appropriate parts of the meetings.

Ian Fraser, Global Human Resources Director, provided material 
advice to the Committee during the year.

Advisors
Towers Watson acted as external advisers to the Committee 
throughout 2010 and also provided market data and data analysis. 
Towers Watson also provided actuarial and other human resources 
consultancy services directly to some Reed Elsevier companies.

General
(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
remuneration policy, in particular the performance-related 
elements and their compatibility with risk policies and systems;

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)
plans including the formulation of suitable performance 
conditions for share based awards and options, and where 
necessary, to submit them for approval by shareholders;

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)
investors on major remuneration policy issues; and

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
corporate governance guidelines, codes or recommendations 
regarding the remuneration of directors of listed companies and 
formation and operation of share schemes which the Committee 
considers relevant or appropriate including, but not limited to, 
the UK and Dutch Corporate Governance Codes. 

A copy of the terms of reference of the Committee can be found  
on the Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com.

The individual consultants involved in advising the Committee do  
not provide advice to the executive directors or act on their behalf.

Executive directors

Terms of reference 
During 2010, the Committee reviewed its terms of reference 
in the context of latest best practice guidance. As a result, the 
Committee’s remit was revised and its duties are in relation to:

Executive Directors
(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)
and determine the remuneration in all its forms (including 
pensions and share plan participation), the terms of the service 
contracts and all other terms and conditions of employment  
of the executive directors of Reed Elsevier Group plc; and

Remuneration philosophy and policy
The context for Reed Elsevier’s remuneration policy and practices  
is set by the needs of a group of global businesses, each of  
which operates internationally by line of business. Furthermore,  
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV’s respective stock market 
listings in London and Amsterdam combined with the majority  
of its employees being based in the US provides a particular set 
of challenges in the design and operation of remuneration policy.

Our remuneration philosophy
Reed Elsevier’s guiding remuneration philosophy for senior 
executives is based on the following precepts:

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executive directors.

(cid:116)(cid:1)

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performance standards.

Senior Management
(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
remuneration policy of other senior leaders and of the Company 
Secretary; and

(cid:116)(cid:1)

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of executives.

Reed Elsevier Chairman 
(cid:116)(cid:1)

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the remuneration of the Reed Elsevier Chairman.

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(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

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the best executive talent from anywhere in the world.

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:89)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)
elements, and annual and longer term performance.

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and other stakeholders.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 63

 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

Our remuneration policy
In line with this guiding philosophy our remuneration policy is 
described below.

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that is able to attract and retain the best executive talent from 
anywhere in the world, at an appropriate level of cost.

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takes into account the remuneration arrangements and levels  
of increase applicable to senior management and Reed Elsevier 
employees generally.

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environmental implications of its decisions, particularly when 
setting and assessing performance objectives and targets,  
and seeks to ensure that incentives are consistent with the 
appropriate management of risk.

(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:1)
competitive with that of executives in similar positions in 
comparable companies, which includes global sector peers  
and companies of similar scale and international complexity.

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(ie salary, annual and multi-year incentives and benefits).

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sustained individual and business performance; ie median 
performance will be rewarded by total remuneration that is 
positioned around the median of relevant market data and  
upper quartile performance by upper quartile total remuneration.

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any payouts made on the basis of materially misstated data. 
With effect from 2009, the rules of all incentive plans were 
amended to provide for specific provisions in this regard.

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investment and ongoing holding of Reed Elsevier PLC and/or  
Reed Elsevier NV securities among the senior executive 
population. Executive directors and other senior executives  
are subject to minimum shareholding requirements.

How the performance measures in the incentives link to  
our business strategy 
Our annual incentive plan is focused on operational excellence  
as measured by the financial measures of revenue, profit and cash 
generation. In addition, a significant portion of the annual bonus 
is dependent upon the achievement of annual key performance 
objectives (KPOs) that create a platform for sustainable future 
performance. These KPOs align with Reed Elsevier’s strategic plans 
and range from the delivery of specific projects and the achievement 
of customer metrics or efficiency targets to corporate and social 
responsibility objectives.

The Committee believes that one of the main drivers of long-term 
shareholder value is sustained growth in profitability, underpinned  
by appropriate capital discipline. Therefore growth in EPS and 
targeted ROIC are both utilised in our multi-year incentives. 

64 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

The balance between fixed and performance related pay
We aim to provide each executive director with an annual total 
remuneration package comprising fixed and variable pay with the 
majority of an executive director’s total remuneration package linked 
to performance. At target performance, incentive pay makes up 
approximately 70% of the annual total remuneration package as 
shown in the diagram below. The core components of the total 
remuneration package are described in detail in the remainder  
of this report.

Fixed pay elements – 30%

20% salary
10% pensions and other benefits 

Variable pay elements – 70%

20% annual incentive
50% multi-year incentives

To illustrate how our levels of compensation are driven by business 
performance we have produced the chart below (scale in percent  
of base salary). This shows the way in which annual remuneration 
payable to an executive director would vary under different 
performance scenarios. For the purposes of this illustration 
assumptions have been made in relation to vesting/payout levels  
at the different levels of performance.

Multi-year incentives
Annual incentive
Salary

700%

600%

500%

400%

300%

200%

100%

0%

Minimum

Threshold

Target

Maximum

Our approach to market positioning and benchmarking
The market competitiveness of total remuneration (ie salary, annual 
and multi-year incentives and benefits) is assessed against a range 
of relevant comparator groups as follows:

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Reed Elsevier (including Thomson Reuters, WPP, Pearson,  
John Wiley, Wolters Kluwer, Dun & Bradstreet, Experian, 
McGraw-Hill, UBM, DMGT, Informa, Lagardère and FICO).

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industry but excluding those in the financial services sector)  
of a similar size (measured by aggregate market capitalisation) 
and international scope.

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industry but excluding those in the financial services sector)  
of a similar size (measured by aggregate market capitalisation) 
and international scope.

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cross-industry and of a similar size (measured by aggregate 
market capitalisation) and international scope.

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

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The composition of the respective comparator groups is subject
to minor changes year on year reflecting changes in the size,
international scope and listing status of specific companies during
the year.

The competitiveness of our remuneration packages is assessed by
the Committee as part of the annual review cycle for pay and
performance, in line with the process set out below.

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(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)
packages is assessed. The appropriate positioning of an
individual’s total remuneration against the market is determined
based on the Committee’s judgement of individual performance
and potential.

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for the different elements of the package including salary, total
annual cash and total remuneration. While relevant benchmark
information are a meaningful input to the process, they inform
rather than drive the outcome of the review.

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exists, the Committee believes that this should be addressed
via a review of performance-linked compensation elements
in the first instance.

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are positioned to reflect local country practice.

The total remuneration package
Each element of the remuneration package for executive directors is designed to achieve specific objectives, as described in this section.
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is only maximised through the integrated delivery of annual and longer term performance. Reward for the delivery of business results is
connected with reward for value flowing to shareholders. The incentive arrangements are structured in such a way that reward cannot
be maximised through inappropriate short term risk-taking.

The table below summarises the component parts of the remuneration package provided to the executive directors during 2010. This
includes the bonuses earned for performance during 2010, payouts received from and awards granted under the multi-year incentives
during the year.

Component

Erik Engstrom

Mark Armour

Andrew Prozes

Base salary (page 66)

£1,000,000

£613,440

$1,215,180

Retirement benefi ts (page 72)

UK defined benefit plan

UK defined benefit plan

Retired 31 December 2010

Other benefi ts

Annual incentive (page 66)
(earned for 2010 and
payable in March 2011)

Multi-year incentives
granted (page 67)

Company car or cash
allowance and private
medical benefit

Company car or cash
allowance and private
medical benefit

Company car and
private medical benefit

£999,000

£612,827

$1,146,332

REGP

LTIP

ESOS

643,086 PLC and 422,310
NV ordinary shares

394,495 PLC and 259,062 NV
ordinary shares

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

BIP

70,189 NV ADRs

65,054 PLC and 42,512 NV
ordinary shares

88,687 PLC and 58,545 NV
ordinary shares

Multi-year incentives
vested (2007-09 cycle)

LTIP

ESOS

BIP

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Shareholding
requirement (page 72)

300% of salary

200% of salary

200% of salary

Policy in relation to the individual remuneration elements is described in greater detail in the remainder of this section.

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(cid:70)
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(cid:39)
(cid:79)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:68)
(cid:66)
(cid:77)
(cid:1)
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(cid:70)
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(cid:70)
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(cid:66)
(cid:77)
(cid:1)
(cid:84)
(cid:85)
(cid:66)
(cid:85)
(cid:70)
(cid:78)
(cid:70)
(cid:79)
(cid:85)
(cid:84)
(cid:1)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:69)
(cid:80)
(cid:85)
(cid:73)
(cid:70)
(cid:83)
(cid:1)
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(cid:79)
(cid:80)
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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 65

Directors’ remuneration report continued

Base salary

Salary reflects the role and the sustained value of the executive  
in terms of skills, experience and contribution in the context of  
the relevant market. 

Salaries for executive directors are reviewed annually in the context 
of the competitiveness of total remuneration and Reed Elsevier’s 
guidelines for wages and salaries agreed for the whole of Reed 
Elsevier for the forthcoming financial year. Any increases typically 
take effect on 1 January.

No increases in the base salary of executive directors have been 
given since 1 January 2008, except for Erik Engstrom who received 
a promotional increase in November 2009 following his appointment 
as CEO of Reed Elsevier Group plc. The Committee decided to 
award a salary increase of 2.5% to each executive director which 
increased base salaries with effect from 1 January 2011 to £1,025,000 
for Erik Engstrom and £628,776 for Mark Armour. This level of 
increase is within the guidelines agreed for all employees in respect 
of 2011 increases.

In respect of salaries for the broader employee population, Reed 
Elsevier uses the same factors to determine the levels of increase 
across all employee populations globally: ie relevant pay market, 
skills, experience and contribution. Reed Elsevier operates across 
many diverse countries in terms of their remuneration structures  
and practices. Any increases awarded to different employee groups 
in different geographies reflect this diversity and range of practices. 
An increase of approximately 2.5% on average will be awarded 
across the senior management population globally for 2011. This 
level of increase is in line with increases provided to the wider 
employee population.

Annual incentive

The annual incentive plan (AIP) provides focus on the delivery of 
stretching annual financial targets and the achievement of annual 
objectives and milestones that create a platform for sustainable 
future performance.

For 2011, executive directors have a target bonus opportunity of 
100% of salary that is weighted as follows across four elements 
(unchanged from 2010):

Measure

Revenue
Profit*
Cash Flow Conversion Rate
Key Performance Objectives (KPOs) 

Weighting

30% 
30% 
10% 
30%

* The Profit measure for the CEO and CFO of Reed Elsevier Group plc is Adjusted 

Profit After Tax (PAT) for the Reed Elsevier combined businesses.

The target bonus opportunity for the financial measures is payable 
for the achievement of highly stretching financial targets. The four 
elements are measured separately, such that there could be a 
payout on one element and not on others.

For 2011, the Committee decided to retain the incentive slope and 
payout range used in 2010 under which a small bonus starts to 
accrue for achieving 94% of target against each individual financial 
performance measure. The level of out-performance required to 
achieve the maximum bonus (150% of target and unchanged)  
will also be retained.

66 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

The KPOs are individual to each executive director. Each executive 
director is set up to six KPOs to reflect critical business priorities  
for which they are accountable. The KPO component for the 
executive directors and other senior executives will contain at  
least one KPO relating to the achievement of specific sustainability 
objectives and targets contained within Reed Elsevier’s corporate 
responsibility agenda. 

Against each objective, measurable milestone targets are set 
for the year. All financial targets and KPOs are approved by the 
Committee and are subject to formal assessment at the end of 
each year. The Chairman of Reed Elsevier Group plc presents his 
assessment of performance against KPOs for the CEO of Reed 
Elsevier Group plc to the Committee while the CEO of Reed Elsevier 
Group plc presents his assessment of KPO performance for the 
CFO of Reed Elsevier Group plc. The Committee then discusses 
and agrees the final KPO score for each executive director.

AIP payments for 2010
In assessing the level of bonus payments for 2010, the Committee 
noted the following performances:

% change over 2009 at constant exchange rates

Underlying
revenue growth

Total Adjusted 
PAT/OP

+2% 
+1% 

-1% 
-12%

Reed Elsevier
LexisNexis

Reed Elsevier has made significant progress in 2010 as our  
markets strengthened and we saw the benefit of the actions which 
management has taken in the business. Underlying revenues were 
2% higher in constant currencies with the return to growth reflecting 
improved performance in our more cyclical markets, together with a 
sustained commitment to new product development and a focus on 
sales & marketing initiatives. Firm action on costs and further 
innovations in our operational processes has meant that total costs 
at constant exchange rates declined 1% and adjusted operating 
margins at 25.7% were just 0.2 percentage points lower than in 
2009, despite the increased spending on new product development 
and sales & marketing. Adjusted operating profits were 1% lower at 
£1,555m/up 3% at €1,819m. Adjusted operating cash flow continued 
to be strong at £1,519m/€1,777m with an excellent 98% conversion  
of adjusted operating profits into cash. The post tax return on  
capital employed improved to 10.6%, 0.2 percentage points higher 
reflecting the strong cash generation and increased capital efficiency.

LexisNexis returned to overall revenue growth, with strong growth 
in the risk business. Subscription revenues in the legal business 
continued to reflect lower levels of law firm activity and employment. 
Adjusted operating margin was lower due to the weaker revenues  
and increased spending in the legal business on new product 
development, related infrastructure and sales & marketing. The 
increased spend on supporting these important developments has 
in part been mitigated by continuing cost efficiencies including 
further outsourcing of production and engineering activities, supply 
chain management and operational streamlining. 

For Erik Engstrom and Mark Armour the sum of the individual scores 
achieved against the four AIP components exceeded target AIP. 
However, as Reed Elsevier’s PAT did not exceed 2009 adjusted PAT,  
the overall bonus was capped at just below target.

47213_Text_p056-084.indd   66

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

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(cid:74)

(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:27)

2010 annual bonus
(to be paid in March 2011)

% of 2010 base 
salary earnings

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Multi-year incentives

£999,000 
£612,827 
$1,146,332 

99.9
99.9
93.9

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(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:1)

Reed Elsevier Growth Plan (REGP)
The key features of the REGP are summarised below.

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(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:40)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)
based on internal financial metrics and total shareholder return. 
(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:52)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:15)

Feature

Frequency of award

(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:67)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:90)

Detail

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:38)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:81)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:68)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)
(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:38)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:48)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:79)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)

(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:10)

(cid:74)

(cid:35)
(cid:86)
(cid:84)
(cid:79)
(cid:70)
(cid:84)
(cid:84)
(cid:1)
(cid:83)
(cid:70)
(cid:87)
(cid:70)
(cid:88)

(cid:74)

(cid:74)

(cid:74)

(cid:39)
(cid:79)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:68)
(cid:66)
(cid:77)
(cid:1)
(cid:83)
(cid:70)
(cid:87)
(cid:70)
(cid:88)

(cid:74)

(cid:49)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:90)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)

Performance conditions

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(cid:55)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:70)

(cid:36)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:1)

(see section entitled ‘Performance measures and targets’ below)

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(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:10)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)

share award 

(cid:40)
(cid:80)
(cid:87)
(cid:70)
(cid:83)
(cid:79)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:68)
(cid:70)

(cid:37)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)

(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)

(cid:48)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:14)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)

(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:84)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:14)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:85)

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

Mechanics
The chart below illustrates how the REGP operates.

3 years: 2010-2012

Q1 2013

2 years: 2013-2014

Q1 2015

50% of
performance
shares are
released

(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:34)(cid:28)(cid:24)(cid:40)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:39)emaining 50% of the

 performance shares is deferred until
 Q1 of 2015 subject to continued employment
(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:42)(cid:25)(cid:33)(cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:28)(cid:39)(cid:29)(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:35)(cid:24)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:30)(cid:24)(cid:32)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:31)(cid:39)ee metrics,
 up to a 1 for 1 match can be earned over years
 4 and 5 on the deferred performance shares

Performance
share award
of 600%
of salary

Performance
tested

(cid:15)(cid:19)(cid:22)
1/3rd

(cid:23)(cid:22)(cid:21)
1/3rd

Performance
share award

(cid:21)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:14)
1/3rd

(cid:15)(cid:19)(cid:22)
1/3rd

(cid:23)(cid:22)(cid:21)
1/3rd

(cid:21)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:14)
1/3rd

On the date of grant the CEO committed 300%
of salary and the CFO 200% of salary in shares
to the plan which must be retained throughout
the life of the plan

(cid:22)(cid:42)(cid:25)(cid:33)(cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:37)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:28)(cid:39)(cid:29)(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:35)(cid:24)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:30)(cid:24)(cid:32)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:31)(cid:39)ee metrics,
up to a 1 for 1 match can be earned over years
4 and 5 on the personal shareholding committed
under the plan

(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:34)(cid:28)(cid:24)(cid:40)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:29)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:29)(cid:28)(cid:39)(cid:39)ed
performance shares

(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:34)(cid:28)(cid:24)(cid:40)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:29)
matching shares
earned

(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:34)(cid:28)(cid:24)(cid:40)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:29)(cid:1)
committed
holding – the
regular shareholding
guidelines continue
to apply to the
executive directors

Overall payout from the plan to each executive director is capped at 150% of the shares comprised in the performance share award

Performance measures and targets

Total Shareholder Return (TSR)
The vesting of one third of the REGP award is subject to
Reed Elsevier’s TSR performance compared against three
comparator groups (the TSR tranche).

As Reed Elsevier accesses equity capital markets through three
exchanges – London, Amsterdam and New York – in three
separate currency zones, three distinct comparator groups are
used – a Sterling Comparator Group, a Euro Comparator Group
and a US Dollar Comparator Group. The TSR performance of
Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares (based on the London listing)
is measured against the Sterling Comparator Group, the TSR
performance of Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares (based on
the Amsterdam listing) is measured against the Euro Comparator
Group; and the TSR performance of Reed Elsevier PLC ADRs and
Reed Elsevier NV ADRs (based on the New York listing) is measured
against the US Dollar Comparator Group. The averaging period
applied for TSR measurement purposes is six months prior to the
start of the financial year in which the award was made and the
final six months of the last financial year of the performance period.

TSR performance is measured separately against each comparator
group and the proportion of the TSR tranche that vests is the sum
of the payouts achieved against the three comparator groups.

TSR ranking within
the relevant TSR
comparator group

Below Median

Median

Upper quartile

3-year period:
2010-2012

Vesting percentage
of each third of the
TSR tranche

5-year period:
2010-14

Vesting percentage
of each third of the
TSR tranche

0%

30%

100%

0%

30%

100%

Vesting is on a straight line basis for ranking between the median
and the upper quartile.

68 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Return on invested capital (ROIC)
The vesting of one third of the REGP award is subject to the 
percentage return on invested capital of Reed Elsevier PLC  
and Reed Elsevier NV (the ROIC tranche) as follows:

3 years:
2010-2012

ROIC in 2012, subject
to actual exceeding  
2009 ROIC calculated 
on the same basis

2 years:
2013-14

ROIC in 2014 

Vesting percentage 
of ROIC tranche

Below 10.2%

Below 10.7%

10.2%

10.7%

11.2% or above

12.7% or above

0%

60%

100%

Vesting is on a straight-line basis for performance between the 
minimum and maximum levels. 

For the purposes of the plan, the following definitions apply:

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)
closing capital employed for the Reed Elsevier combined 
businesses for the financial year with all cumulative amortisation 
and impairment charges for acquired intangible assets and 
goodwill added back. In addition, any exceptional restructuring 
and acquisition integration charges (net of tax) are capitalised for 
these purposes and changes in exchange rates and movements 
in pension deficits are excluded.

(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)
combined businesses before amortisation and impairment  
of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional 
restructuring and acquisition integration charges. In addition,  
it is grossed up to exclude the equity share of taxes in joint 
ventures and further adjusted to exclude net pension financing 
credit movement, after applying the effective rate of tax used  
for adjusted earnings calculations and using exchange rates  
to match those used in the calculation of invested capital. 

In order to ensure that the performance score achieved is a fair 
reflection of underlying business performance, the Committee 
retains discretion to determine the treatment of major disposals  
and acquisitions that require board approval. Any significant 
adjustments made to the final performance score will be disclosed 
to shareholders.

TSR comparators groups
The constituents of each comparator group were selected on the 
following basis: 

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)
31 December 2009 and nearest in size to Reed Elsevier  
in terms of market capitalisation. 

(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:27)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:18)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:38)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)
Comparator Group; (2) Euronext100 and the DAX30 for the  
Euro Comparator Group; and (3) the S&P500 for the US Dollar 
Comparator Group.

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:27)
 – companies with mainly domestic revenues (as they do not 
reflect the global nature of Reed Elsevier’s customer base);
 – those engaged in extractive industries (as they are exposed  

to commodity cycles); and

 – financial services companies (as they have a different  

risk/reward profile).

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)
to those of Reed Elsevier not otherwise included were added  
to the relevant comparator group.

Set out below are the comparators included in each currency group 
applicable to awards made in 2010 under the REGP.

Sterling
Comparator
Group*

Aggreko
AstraZeneca
Autonomy Corp.
BAE Systems
British Airways
British American Tobacco
Bunzl
Burberry Group
Cobham
Compass Group
DMGT
Diageo
Experian
GlaxoSmithkline
Intercontinental Hotels
Imperial Tobacco Group
Informa
Inmarsat
International Power
Intertek Group
Invensys
Johnson Matthey
Kingfisher
National Grid
Pearson
Reckitt Benckiser Group
Rexam
Rolls-Royce Group
SABMiller
Sage Group
Shire
Smith & Nephew
Smiths Group
Thomas Cook Group
TUI Travel
Unilever (LSE)
United Business Media
Vodafone
Wolseley
WPP

Euro
Comparator
Group*

Accor
Adidas
Ahold
Air Liquide
Akzo Nobel
Alstom
ASML Holding
BASF
BMW
Carrefour
Christian Dior
Daimler
Deutsche Post
EADS 
Essilor Intl.
Heineken
Hermes Intl.
K+S
Lafarge
Lagardère Groupe
Linde
LVMH
MAN
Metro
Michelin
Pernod-Ricard
Philips Eltn. Koninklijke
Portugal Telecom SGPS
PPR
Renault
Saint-Gobain
SAP
Schneider Electric
Suez Environnement
Thales
ThyssenKrupp
TNT
Unilever (AEX)
Vallourec
Veolia Environnement
Volkswagen
Wolters Kluwer

US Dollar 
Comparator 
Group*

3M
Adobe Systems
Agilent Techs.
Air Prds. & Chems.
Amazon.com
Analog Devices
Applied Mats.
Avon Products
Baxter Intl.
Becton Dickinson
Caterpillar
Colgate-Palmolive
Corning
Cummins
Deere
Dow Chemical
Dun & Bradstreet
E. I. Du pont de Nemours
Ebay
Emerson Electric
FICO
Ford Motor
Genzyme
H.J. Heinz
Illinois Tool Works
John Wiley 
Johnson Controls
Juniper Networks
Life Technologies
McDonalds
McGraw-Hill
Micron Technology
Motorola
News Corp 
Nike 
Nvidia
Paccar
PPG Industries
Spectra Energy
Texas Insts.
Thomson Reuters (NYSE)
United Technologies
Yum! Brands

*Reflects the composition of the comparator group as at the date of grant.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

Adjusted earnings per share (EPS)
(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:40)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)
(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:10)(cid:1)
as follows:

(cid:55)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:14)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:89)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)

(cid:39)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:27)

3 years:
2010-2012

2 years:
2013-14

Vesting percentage 
of EPS tranche

(cid:34)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)
(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)
(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:14)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)

(cid:34)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:9)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)
(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:10)
(cid:1)

(cid:35)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)

(cid:35)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)

(cid:22)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)

(cid:24)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)

(cid:26)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:66)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:17)(cid:6)

(cid:23)(cid:17)(cid:6)

(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:6)

Executive Share Option Scheme (ESOS)
The key features of the ESOS are summarised below.

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)
(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)
(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)
(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:16)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:89)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:89)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:1)
(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:15)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)
(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:15)

(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:14)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:40)(cid:49)(cid:15)(cid:1)

Feature

Frequency of award

Eligibility

(cid:55)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:69)

Detail

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:14)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:89)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:12)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)

(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)

(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:10)

Performance conditions

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)

(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:10)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:14)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)

(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)

(cid:36)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:89)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:81)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)

(cid:48)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:90)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:14)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)

(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)
(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:69)(cid:75)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:84)(cid:27)(cid:1)

Average Adjusted EPS growth p.a.
over the three-years prior to grant

% of the 2003 grant pool
available for distribution

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)

(cid:45)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:6)(cid:1)
(cid:23)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:6)(cid:1)
(cid:25)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:1)
(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:6)(cid:1)
(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)

(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:6)
(cid:24)(cid:22)(cid:6)
(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:6)
(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:6)
(cid:18)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:6)

(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)
(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:75)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)
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of ESOS during which restructuring benefits were realised. Prior to 
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70 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

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Bonus Investment Plan (BIP)
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Feature

Frequency of award

Detail

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(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:25)(cid:14)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:14)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:1)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)
(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:20)(cid:18)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:15)

(cid:40)
(cid:80)
(cid:87)
(cid:70)
(cid:83)
(cid:79)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:68)
(cid:70)

(cid:74)

(cid:74)

(cid:39)
(cid:79)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:68)
(cid:66)
(cid:77)
(cid:1)
(cid:84)
(cid:85)
(cid:66)
(cid:85)
(cid:70)
(cid:78)
(cid:70)
(cid:79)
(cid:85)
(cid:84)
(cid:1)
(cid:66)
(cid:79)
(cid:69)
(cid:80)
(cid:85)
(cid:73)
(cid:70)
(cid:83)
(cid:1)
(cid:74)
(cid:79)
(cid:80)
(cid:83)
(cid:78)
(cid:66)
(cid:85)
(cid:74)
(cid:80)
(cid:79)

(cid:1)

(cid:71)

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 71

Directors’ remuneration report continued

Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP)
No awards under the LTIP were given to executive directors in 2010.

Awards under this plan were in the form of restricted shares,  
with half of the award being over shares in Reed Elsevier PLC  
and the other half over shares in Reed Elsevier NV. A three-year 
performance period applies and awards vest based on the Adjusted 
EPS growth and Reed Elsevier’s TSR performance compared to a 
group of industry peers. The 2007-09 cycle of LTIP lapsed during 
2010 as the hurdle of 8% Adjusted EPS growth was not met. The 
2008-10 cycle of LTIP lapsed as the performance hurdle of 10% 
Adjusted EPS growth was not met. The 2009-11 cycle of LTIP, as 
disclosed on pages 77-79, vests for achieving Adjusted EPS growth 
of 12% and median TSR. Depending on performance, the vesting 
may be higher or lower based on the following matrix:

Adjusted EPS
2009 awards

Below 10%
10%
12%
14% and above

TSR ranking

Median

0%
35%
100%
135%

Upper 
62.5th quartile and 
above

percentile

0%
42%
120%
162%

0% 
49%
140% 
189%

Below
median

0%
28%
80%
108%

To the extent that the underlying shares vest, dividend equivalents 
are paid on the vested shares in cash at the end of the performance 
period.

The Committee has full discretion to alter awards granted to 
participants based on its assessment as to whether the Adjusted 
EPS and TSR performance fairly reflect the progress of the business 
having regard to underlying revenue growth, cash generation, return 
on capital employed and any significant changes in currency and 
inflation, as well as individual performance.

The TSR comparator group for the 2008-10 cycle comprised: 
ChoicePoint, DMGT, Dun & Bradstreet, Emap, FICO, Informa,  
John Wiley, Lagardère Groupe, McGraw-Hill, Pearson, Taylor Nelson 
Sofres, Thomson Reuters, UBM, Wolters Kluwer and WPP Group. 
The TRS comparator group for the 2009 LTIP award comprises: 
DMGT, Dun & Bradstreet, Experian, FICO, Informa, John Wiley, 
Lagardère Groupe, McGraw-Hill, Pearson, Thomson Reuters, UBM, 
Wolters Kluwer and WPP Group. This reflects the composition of  
the comparator group on the date of grant. Mergers and acquisitions 
that impact the comparator groups during the three-year performance 
cycle will be dealt with on a fair and consistent basis in accordance 
with the following approach. Companies which are taken over within 
six months after the start of a performance period are excluded from 
the comparator group. For those that are subject to a transaction 
more than six months into a performance period, any transaction-
related share price premium is eliminated and the TSR prior to the 
transaction is indexed forward using the daily average share price 
movement for the remaining companies in the peer group.

The averaging period applied for TSR measurement purposes is  
six months prior to the start of the financial year in which the award 
is made and the final six months of the third financial year of the 
performance period. Reed Elsevier’s TSR is taken as a simple 
average of the TSR of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV.  
The TSR of each comparator company is calculated in the currency 
of its primary listing.

72 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

In the event of a change of control, the performance test applied 
under the LTIP would be based on an assessment by the 
Committee of progress against the Adjusted EPS growth and  
TSR targets at the time the change of control occurs (subject to  
any rollover that may apply).

Shareholding requirement

The Committee believes that one of the aspects that creates closer 
alignment between senior management and shareholders is to 
require executives to build up and maintain a significant personal 
stake in Reed Elsevier. The shareholding requirements applicable  
to the executive directors are set out in the table below and as 
described on page 67 were pre-requisites to participate in the 
REGP. Shareholding requirements also apply to selected senior 
executives below the board. 

On 31 December 2010, the executive directors’ shareholdings were 
(valued at the mid-market closing prices of Reed Elsevier securities): 

Shareholding requirement
(in % of 31 December 2010
annualised base salary)

Actual shareholding 
as at 31 December 2010 
(in % of 31 December 2010 
annualised base salary)

Erik Engstrom
Mark Armour
Andrew Prozes*

300%
200%
200%

361% 
396% 
216%

* The formal shareholding requirement ceased on retirement.

Other employee share plans
UK-based executive directors are eligible to participate in the HMRC 
approved all-employee UK Savings-Related Share Option Scheme 
(SAYE). During 2010, US-based executive directors were eligible to 
participate in the all-employee US-based Employee Stock 
Investment Plan (EMSIP). Under the EMSIP, employees are able to 
purchase Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV securities at the 
prevailing market price, with commissions and charges being met by 
Reed Elsevier.

Dilution
At 31 December 2010, the estimated dilution over a ten-year  
period from awards over Reed Elsevier PLC shares under all  
share-based plans was 5.4% of the Reed Elsevier PLC share capital. 
The estimated dilution over the same period in respect of awards 
over Reed Elsevier NV shares was 6% of the Reed Elsevier NV share 
capital at 31 December 2010. The estimated dilution in relation to 
executive share-based plans was 5% of the Reed Elsevier PLC and 
5.5% of the Reed Elsevier NV share capital at 31 December 2010.

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefit provisions are set in the context of the total 
remuneration for each executive director, taking account of age 
and service and against the background of evolving legislation and 
practice in Reed Elsevier’s major countries of operation. Base salary 
is the only pensionable element of remuneration.

Erik Engstrom and Mark Armour are provided with UK defined 
benefit pension arrangements under which they accrue a pension 
of 1/30th of salary for every year of service (up to a maximum of two 
thirds of salary). The pension is provided through a combination of:

47213_Text_p056-084.indd   72

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
to a cap, determined annually on the same basis as the pre-April 
2006 Inland Revenue earnings cap, and

Revenue Code, payment of the pension will commence six months 
after the retirement date at which point payment of the retirement 
benefit relating to the six months ending 30 June 2011 will be made 
in a single sum plus interest at the applicable federal rate.

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:8)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:1)
above the cap.

Prior to 1 November 2007, Erik Engstrom was not a member of  
any company pension scheme and Reed Elsevier made annual 
contributions of 19.5% of his salary to his personal pension plan. 
From 1 November 2007 contributions to his designated retirement 
(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
benefit pension arrangement. 

Andrew Prozes, who retired on 31 December 2010, will be entitled 
to an annual pension of $613,572 in accordance with the terms of 
his employment agreement. In view of the split of LexisNexis into 
two standalone businesses of risk solutions and legal & professional 
with effect from 1 January 2011, Mr Prozes’ retirement date was 
brought forward by one month from his 65th birthday. In order to fall 
(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:89)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)

Transfer values of accrued pension benefits

(cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:14)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:10)(cid:1)
include life assurance cover while in employment, an entitlement  
to a pension in the event of ill health or disability and a spouse’s  
and/or dependants’ pension on death.

The increase in the transfer value of the directors’ pensions, after 
deduction of contributions, is shown in the table below. Transfer 
(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)
(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)
and Faculty of Actuaries. The transfer values at 31 December 2010 
have been calculated using the transfer value basis adopted by  
the trustees of the pension scheme from 1 October 2008.

The transfer value in respect of individual directors represents a 
liability in respect of directors’ pension entitlement, and is not an 
amount paid or payable to the director.

Age at
31 December
2010

Director’s
contributions

Transfer
value
of accrued
pension
31 December
2009

Transfer
value
of accrued
pension
31 December
2010

Erik Engstrom
Mark Armour
Andrew Prozes

47
56
64

£6,180
£6,180
–

£624,769 £1,366,389
£5,170,768 £5,643,891
$6,719,734 $7,894,300

Increase in
transfer
value during
the year
(net of
director’s
contributions)

 £735,440
£466,943
$1,174,566

Accrued
annual
pension
31 December
2010

£105,575
£325,426
$613,572

Increase in
accrued
annual
pension
during
the year

£56,448
£20,450
$98,373

Increase in
accrued
annual
pension

Transfer value at 
31 December 
2010 of 
increase 
in accrued 
pension 
during during the year 
(net of inflation 
and director’s 
contributions) 

the year
(net of
inflation)

£55,269
£709,128
£221,696
£13,139
$98,373 $1,265,670

Service contracts
Executive directors are employed under service contracts that 
provide for a maximum of one year’s notice. The contracts neither 
specify a predetermined level of severance payment nor contain 
specific provisions in respect of a change in control. The Committee 
believes that, as a general rule, notice periods should be 12 months 
and that the directors should, subject to any legal constraints within 
their base country, be required to mitigate their damages in the 
event of termination. The Committee will, however, note local market 
conditions so as to ensure that the terms offered are appropriate 
to attract and retain top executives operating in global businesses.

The contractual terms of the executive directors (and for 
approximately 100 other senior executives) include certain 
covenants. These were reviewed during the year within the context 
of the implementation of the REGP and the new BIP and revised, 
where appropriate. The covenants are as follows:

> 

> 

> 

 non-competition restrictions apply which prevent the executive 
from working in a capacity which competes with any Reed 
Elsevier business which he/she was involved with during the 
preceding 12 months; from recruiting Reed Elsevier employees 
and from soliciting Reed Elsevier customers and suppliers for  
a period of 12 months after leaving employment;

 in the event of the executive resigning, he/she will immediately 
lose all rights to any outstanding awards under the multi-year 
incentives including any vested but unexercised options; and

 in the event of a breach of the covenants, any gains made or 
payouts received, in the period starting six months prior and 
ending 12 months after leaving employment, on the vesting  
or exercise of awards from the multi-year incentives may  
be repayable.

Each of the executive directors has/had a service contract, as summarised in the table below.

Contract Date 

Expiry date (subject to notice period)

Erik Engstrom(i)
Mark Armour(i)
Andrew Prozes(ii)

25 June 2004
7 October 1996
5 July 2000

14 June 2025
29 July 2014
Retired effective
31 December 2010

Notice period

12 months
12 months
*

Subject to:

English law
English law
New York law

(i) Employed by Reed Elsevier Group plc 

(ii) Employed by Reed Elsevier Inc.

* The terms of his contract provided for a payment of one year’s base salary on termination without cause. Since Andrew Prozes retired by mutual agreement  

on 31 December 2010 no additional payments are due under the terms of his contract. The terms agreed in respect of his retirement are set out below.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 73

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Andrew Prozes’ retirement arrangements
The following terms applied to Andrew Prozes who retired on  
31 December 2010:

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)
2010. Any bonus due will be paid by no later than 15 March 
2011 and will be subject to performance against his KPOs and 
LexisNexis financial performance for 2010 in the same way as 
the bonuses payable to the other executive directors;

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:90)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:28)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)
to fully subsidised retiree medical benefits for life which are also 
available to his surviving spouse; 

(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)
the REGP implemented during 2010; 

(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:14)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:14)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)
confidentiality remain in place for 12 months post-retirement; 

(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:14)(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:88)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)
with the rules of the plans, and outstanding options remain 
exercisable for three years from retirement; and

(cid:1)(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:15)

Policy on external appointments
The Committee believes that the experience gained by allowing 
executive directors to serve as non-executive directors on the 
boards of other organisations is of benefit to Reed Elsevier. 
Accordingly, executive directors may, subject to the approval of the 
Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer, serve as non-executive 
directors on the boards of up to two non-associated companies  
(of which only one may be to the board of a major company) and 
they may retain remuneration arising from such appointments.

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:116)(cid:1)

(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:14)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:1)
Corporation and received a fee of $130,000 (£83,871)  
during 2010 ($127,285 (£81,073) during 2009).

(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:34)(cid:35)(cid:46)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:68)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)
non-executive director on 1 May 2010 and received a  
fee of £59,610 (pro-rata since appointment) during 2010.

Non-executive directors

Policy on non-executive directors’ fees
Reed Elsevier seeks to recruit non-executive directors with the 
experience to contribute to the boards of a dual-listed global 
business and with a balance of personal skills that will make a  
major contribution to the boards and their committee structures. 
With the exception of Dien de Boer-Kruyt, who retired during 2010, 
and Marike van Lier Lels who served/serves only on the Supervisory 
Board of Reed Elsevier NV, non-executive directors, including the 
Chairman, are appointed to the boards of Reed Elsevier Group plc, 
Reed Elsevier PLC and the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV. 
Non-executive directors’ fees reflect the directors’ membership of 
the three boards.

The primary source for comparative market data is the practice of 
FTSE 50 companies, although reference is also made to AEX and 
US listed companies.

Non-executive directors, including the Chairman, serve under letters 
of appointment and are not entitled to notice of, or payments 
following, retirement from the boards. 

Fee levels
Non-executive directors receive an annual fee in respect of their 
memberships of the boards of Reed Elsevier PLC, Reed Elsevier NV 
and Reed Elsevier Group plc. The fee paid to Dien de Boer-Kruyt 
until her retirement and to Marike van Lier Lels, who served/serves 
only on the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV, reflects their 
time commitment to that company and to other companies within 
the Reed Elsevier combined businesses. Non-executive directors 
are reimbursed for expenses incurred in attending meetings. They 
do not receive any performance related bonuses, pension provision, 
share options or other forms of benefit, except the Chairman of 
Reed Elsevier Group plc, who is in receipt of private medical benefit. 
Fees may be reviewed annually, although in practice they have 
changed on a less frequent basis. It is the intention to introduce  
a separate fee for the senior independent director of £20,000 p.a. 
subject to obtaining relevant approval at the 2011 Annual General 
Meeting of Reed Elsevier NV. Subject to approval being granted,  
this fee is proposed to apply retroactively from 1 January 2011.

Annual fee 2011

Annual fee 2010

Chairman
Non-executive directors
Senior Independent Director
Chairman of: 
– Audit Committee
– Remuneration Committee

£500,000

£500,000 
£55,000/€75,000 £55,000/€75,000 
– 

£20,000 (proposed)

£15,000/€20,000 £15,000/€20,000 
£15,000/€20,000 £15,000/€20,000

The total annual fee payable to Marike van Lier Lels is €48,000.  
The Chairman of Reed Elsevier chairs the Nominations Committee 
and does not receive a separate fee for his role as chairman of  
that committee.

At the Annual General Meeting of Reed Elsevier NV a proposal  
will be made to set the maximum amount of annual remuneration  
of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV at €600,000.

74 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Total Shareholder Return graphs

Remuneration and share tables

As required by the Large and Medium-sized Companies and
Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, the graphs in
this section show the Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
total shareholder return performance, assuming dividends were
reinvested. They compare the Reed Elsevier PLC performance
with that achieved by the FTSE 100, and the Reed Elsevier NV
performance with the performance achieved by the Euronext
Amsterdam (AEX) Index, over the five-year period from
31 December 2005 to 31 December 2010.

For the five-year period from 31 December 2005, the TSR for
Reed Elsevier PLC was 17.3%, against a FTSE 100 return of 26.3%.
For Reed Elsevier NV during the same period, TSR was minus 2.7%
against an AEX Index return of minus 3.1%. As Reed Elsevier PLC
and Reed Elsevier NV are members of the FTSE 100 and AEX Index
respectively, these indices are relevant.

Reed Elsevier PLC v FTSE 100 – 5 years

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:36)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:38)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:17)

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

Dec 05

Dec 06

Dec 07

Dec 08

Dec 09

Dec 10

Reed Elsevier NV v AEX – 5 years

(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:55)
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:38)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:89)

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

Dec 05

Dec 06

Dec 07

Dec 08

Dec 09

Dec 10

For the purposes of the charts, the total shareholder return is
calculated on the basis of the average share price in the 30 trading
days prior to the respective year ends and on the assumption that
dividends were reinvested.

The information set out in this section forms part of the audited
disclosures in this report. For the purposes of the disclosures in
this section, the average exchange rates for the relevant year have
been used.

Directors’ emoluments and fees

Aggregate emoluments
The emoluments of the directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and
Reed Elsevier NV (including any entitlement to fees or emoluments
from either Reed Elsevier Group plc or Elsevier Reed Finance BV)
were as follows:

Salaries and fees
Benefits
Annual performance-related bonuses
Payments for loss of office
Pension contributions
Payments to former directors
Pension in respect of former directors

Total

2010
£’000

3,324
97
2,351
499*
43
–
1,179

7,493

2009
£’000

4,016
360
2,294
1,124
32
284
1,034

9,144

* Ian Smith’s employment ended on 10 November 2009 under the arrangements

described on page 71 of the 2009 Remuneration Report. In accordance with the
terms agreed on termination, he received a further five instalments of his previous
base salary and benefits during 2010. Payments ceased in November 2010 and
there are no further obligations.

Individual fees of non-executive directors

Dien de Boer-Kruyt (until 19 April 2010)
Mark Elliott
Anthony Habgood (from 1 June 2009)
Lisa Hook
Marike van Lier Lels (from 13 January 2010)
Robert Polet
David Reid
Lord Sharman
Ben van der Veer (from 3 September 2009)
Total

* Excludes private medical insurance benefit of £1,244.

2010
£

13,675
70,000
500,000*
55,000
39,744
55,000
55,000
63,750
71,225
923,394

2009
£

42,857
70,000
291,667
55,000
–
55,000
55,000
70,000
22,321
661,845

Other required disclosures
No loans, advances or guarantees have been provided on behalf of
any director.

The 2007-09 cycle of awards made under ESOS, BIP and LTIP
lapsed for the executive directors as a result of performance
conditions not being met. The executive directors made no notional
pre-tax gains during 2010 on any multi-year incentives (2009:
£8,303,637) except for Andrew Prozes who made a gain of £595
on the exercise of vested options during the year. Details are shown
on pages 77-79.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 75

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Individual emoluments of executive directors

Erik Engstrom
Mark Armour
Andrew Prozes

Total

Salary
£

1,000,000
613,440
787,002

2,400,442

Benefits
£

29,108
22,475
45,481*

Bonus
£

999,000
612,827
739,569

Total 2010
£

2,028,108
1,248,742
1,572,052

Total 2009 
£

1,851,374
1,227,550
1,452,698

97,064

2,351,396

4,848,902

4,531,622

*Includes a cash payment of £24,123 in respect of accrued but untaken holiday at the date of retirement.

Conditional shares awarded in the year under the multi-year incentives are set out by executive director on pages 77-79. Vesting is  
subject to performance conditions relating to growth in EPS, ROIC and TSR and other conditions, including shareholding requirements,  
as described on previous pages. The maximum number of conditional shares that can vest under the Reed Elsevier Growth Plan is  
150% of the grant award if performance conditions are met over a five-year period. The maximum number of conditional shares that 
can vest under the Bonus Investment Plan is equivalent to the grant award.

Erik Engstrom was the highest paid director in 2010.

Directors’ shareholdings in Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
The interests of those individuals who were directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV as at 31 December 2010 in the issued 
share capital of the respective companies at the beginning and end of the year are shown below.

Mark Armour
Mark Elliott
Erik Engstrom
Anthony Habgood
Lisa Hook
Marike van Lier Lels
Robert Polet
Andrew Prozes
David Reid
Lord Sharman
Ben van der Veer

Reed Elsevier PLC
ordinary shares

Reed Elsevier NV 
ordinary shares

1 January
2010*

31 December
2010

1 January
2010*

31 December 
2010

248,742
–
107,040
50,000
–
–
–
148,142
–
–
–

248,742
–
107,040
50,000
–
–
–
148,142
–
–
–

136,889
–
365,580
–
–
–
–
112,004
–
–
1,298

136,889
–
383,450
25,000
–
–
–
112,004
–
–
1,298

*On date of appointment if subsequent to 1 January 2010.

There have been no changes in the interests of the directors in the Reed Elsevier PLC or Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares at the date 
of this report.

Share-based awards in Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV
Details of vested options, including options vested during the year, (all shown in blue) and unvested options and restricted shares held  
by directors in Reed Elsevier PLC (PLC) and Reed Elsevier NV (NV) as at 31 December 2010 are shown in the tables overleaf. The shading  
in the tables denotes awards granted during the year of reporting. The vesting of outstanding unvested awards is subject to performance 
conditions in accordance with the provisions of the respective plan rules. For disclosure purposes, any PLC and NV ADRs awarded to 
directors under the BIP have been converted into ordinary share equivalents. At the date of this report there have been no changes in the 
options or restricted shares held by executive directors in office at 31 December 2010 other than those relating to the 2008-10 cycles of 
ESOS and LTIP as disclosed on pages 77-79. The market price at the date of award of grants made under the REGP, ESOS, BIP and LTIP 
and gains made on the exercise of options are based on the middle market price of the respective security.

76 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Erik Engstrom

Options

ESOS

LTIP

Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

Year of
grant

Option
over:

2004 PLC ord
NV ord
2005 PLC ord
NV ord
2006 PLC ord
NV ord
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2004 PLC ord
NV ord

* Lapsed prior to the date of this report

Shares

BIP

LTIP

REGP

Year of
grant

Type of
security

NV ord
2007
NV ord
2008
NV ord
2009
NV ord
2010
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2010 PLC ord

63,460
43,866
154,517
105,412
178,895
120,198
130,060
85,897
143,000
94,000
146,923
95,399
325,163
224,766
1,142,018
769,538

No. of
unvested
shares
held on
1 Jan
2010

27,572
30,318
57,216

61,453
40,586
68,500
45,000
103,902
67,465

No. of
options
held on
1 Jan
2010

No. of
options
granted
during
2010

No. of
options

Market
exercised price per
share at
exercise

during
2010

Option
price

£4.780
€10.30
£5.335
€11.31
£5.305
€11.47
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415
£4.78
€10.30

Gross
gains
made on
exercise
£/€

No. of
options
held on
31 Dec
2010

Unvested
options
vesting on:

Options
exercisable
until:

23 Aug 2014
63,460
23 Aug 2014
43,866
17 Feb 2015
154,517
17 Feb 2015
105,412
13 Mar 2016
178,895
13 Mar 2016
120,198
Lapsed
–
Lapsed
–
Lapsed*
143,000
94,000
Lapsed*
146,923 19 Feb 2012 19 Feb 2019
95,399 19 Feb 2012 19 Feb 2019
23 Aug 2014
325,163
224,766
23 Aug 2014
1,011,958
683,641

No. of
shares

Market
awarded price per
share at
award

during
2010

€13.49
€12.44
€8.201
140,378 €8.310
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415
643,086 £4.665

No. of
shares
Market
vested price per
share at
during
vesting
2010

Notional
gross
gains at
vesting
£/€

No. of
unvested
shares
held on
31 Dec
2010

–
–
–
140,378
–
–
68,500
45,000
103,902
67,465
643,086

422,310

815,488
675,153

Date of
vesting

Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Q1 2013
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed*
Lapsed*
19 Feb 2012
19 Feb 2012
50% Q1 2013
50% Q1 2015
50% Q1 2013
50% Q1 2015

NV ord

422,310 €8.310

Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

233,855 643,086
268,157 562,688

* Lapsed prior to the date of this report

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 77

 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

Mark Armour

Options

ESOS

LTIP

SAYE
Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

Year of
grant

Option
over:

2001 PLC ord
NV ord
2002 PLC ord
NV ord
2005 PLC ord
NV ord
2006 PLC ord
NV ord
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2004 PLC ord
NV ord
2010 PLC ord

* Lapsed prior to the date of this report

Shares

BIP

LTIP

REGP

Year of
grant

Type of
security

2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2010 PLC ord
NV ord
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2010 PLC ord

No. of
options
held on
1 Jan
2010

62,974
44,882
74,000
51,926
150,422
102,618
158,836
106,720
130,740
86,347
144,000
94,000
147,692
95,899
290,481
199,467

1,159,145
781,859

No. of
unvested
shares
held on
1 Jan
2010

19,859
13,371
25,291
16,993
27,886
18,568

61,775
40,799
67,000
44,000
76,397
49,605

No. of
options
granted
during
2010

Option
price

£6.590
€14.75
£6.000
€13.94
£5.335
€11.31
£5.305
€11.47
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415
£4.872
€10.57
2,173 £4.176
2,173

No. of
shares

Market
awarded price per
share at
award

during
2010

£6.155
€13.49
£6.600
€12.44
£4.985
€8.201
65,054 £4.665
42,512 €8.310
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415
394,495 £4.665

NV ord

259,062 €8.310

Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

278,208 459,549
183,336 301,574

* Lapsed prior to the date of this report

78 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

No. of
options

Market
exercised price per
share at
exercise

during
2010

Gross
gains
made on
exercise
£/€

No. of
options
held on
31 Dec
2010

Unvested
options
vesting on:

Options
exercisable
until:

23 Feb 2011
62,974
23 Feb 2011
44,882
22 Feb 2012
74,000
22 Feb 2012
51,926
17 Feb 2015
150,422
17 Feb 2015
102,618
13 Mar 2016
158,836
13 Mar 2016
106,720
Lapsed
–
Lapsed
–
Lapsed*
144,000
94,000
Lapsed*
147,692 19 Feb 2012 19 Feb 2019
95,899 19 Feb 2012 19 Feb 2019
19 Feb 2014
290,481
19 Feb 2014
199,467
1 Feb 2014
2,173
1,030,578
695,512

1 Aug 2013

No. of
shares
Market
vested price per
share at
during
vesting
2010

Notional
gross
gains at
vesting
£/€

No. of
unvested
shares
held on
31 Dec
2010

–
–
–
–
–
–
65,054
42,512
–
–
67,000
44,000
76,397
49,605
394,495

259,062

602,946
395,179

Date of
vesting

Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Q1 2013
Q1 2013
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed*
Lapsed*
19 Feb 2012
19 Feb 2012
50% Q1 2013
50% Q1 2015
50% Q1 2013
50% Q1 2015

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Directors’ remuneration report continued

Andrew Prozes

Options

ESOS

LTIP

Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

Shares

BIP 

LTIP

Year of
grant

Option
over:

2001 PLC ord
NV ord
2002 PLC ord
NV ord
2003 PLC ord
NV ord
2004 PLC ord
NV ord
2005 PLC ord
NV ord
2006 PLC ord
NV ord
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2004 PLC ord
NV ord

Year of
grant

Type of
security

2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord
2010 PLC ord
NV ord
2007 PLC ord
NV ord
2008 PLC ord
NV ord
2009 PLC ord
NV ord

Total PLC ords
Total NV ords

*  Awards have been pro-rated for service
** Lapsed prior to the date of this report

83,785
59,714
103,722
72,783
132,142
94,086
162,666
111,699
154,517
105,412
182,303
122,487
132,537
87,533
145,000
96,000
149,722
97,216
304,558
209,133
1,550,952
1,056,063

No. of
unvested
shares
held on
1 Jan
2010

21,548
14,574
20,030
13,505
32,335
21,626

62,623
41,359
68,000
44,500
105,881
68,750
310,417
204,314

No. of
options
held on
1 Jan
2010

No. of
options
granted
during
2010

No. of
options

Market
exercised price per
share at
exercise

during
2010

1,000 £5.110

1,000 

Option
price

£6.590
€14.75
£6.000
€13.94
£4.515
€9.34
£4.872
€10.57
£5.335
€11.31
£5.305
€11.47
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415
£4.872
€10.57

Gross
gains
made on
exercise
£/€

No. of 
options
held on
31 Dec
2010

£595

83,785
59,714
103,722
72,783
131,142
94,086
162,666
111,699
154,517
105,412
182,303
122,487
–
–
145,000
96,000
99,815
64,811
304,558
209,133
£595 1,367,508
936,125

No. of
shares

Market
awarded price per
share at
award

during
2010

£6.155
€13.49
£6.600
€12.44
£4.985
€8.201

88,687 £4.665  
58,545 €8.310
£6.445
€14.51
£6.275
€12.21
£5.420
€9.415

88,687 
58,545 

No. of
shares
Market
vested price per
share at
during
vesting
2010

Notional
gross
gains at
vesting
£/€

No. of 
unvested 
shares
held on
31 Dec
2010

–
–
–
–
–
–
29,562
19,515
–
–
68,000
44,500
70,587
45,833
168,149
109,848

Unvested
options
vesting on:

Options 
exercisable 
until:

23 Feb 2011
23 Feb 2011
22 Feb 2012
22 Feb 2012
21 Feb 2013
21 Feb 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
Lapsed
Lapsed
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013*
31 Dec 2013*
31 Dec 2013
31 Dec 2013

Date of 
vesting

Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed
Q1 2013*
Q1 2013*
Lapsed
Lapsed
Lapsed**
Lapsed**
19 Feb 2012*
19 Feb 2012*

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ remuneration report continued

Employee Benefit Trust
Any securities required to satisfy entitlements under the REGP,  
LTIP and BIP are provided by the Employee Benefit Trust (EBT)  
from market purchases. As a potential beneficiary under the EBT in 
the same way as other employees of Reed Elsevier, each executive 
director is deemed to be interested in all the shares held by the  
EBT which, at 31 December 2010, amounted to 14,654,161 Reed 
Elsevier PLC ordinary shares (1.17% of issued share capital) and 
7,781,790 Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares (1.01% of issued share 
capital). These numbers include ordinary share equivalents held in 
the form of Reed Elsevier PLC ADRs and Reed Elsevier NV ADRs.

Approved by the Board of Reed Elsevier Group plc on  
16 February 2011.

Mark Elliott
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

Approved by the Board of Reed Elsevier PLC on 16 February 2011

Mark Elliott
Non-Executive Director

Approved by the Combined Board of Reed Elsevier NV on  
16 February 2011

Mark Elliott
Member of the Supervisory Board

Other required disclosures in respect of share-based awards
The number of shares and options that vest in respect of all 
outstanding (unvested) awards under the multi-year incentives 
depend on the extent to which performance conditions are met. 

In respect of the REGP, the maximum number of shares that can 
vest is 150% of the number of shares shown in the tables above.  
In respect of ESOS and BIP, the number of awards shown in the 
table is the maximum capable of vesting. ESOS awards vest on  
the third anniversary and expire on the tenth anniversary of the  
date of grant. For LTIP, the number of shares shown in the share 
tables reflects the target award. The target award under the 2009-11 
cycle of LTIP vests for achieving Adjusted EPS growth of 12% and 
median TSR relative to an industry comparator group. Depending  
on actual Adjusted EPS growth and TSR, the proportion of the 
target award that may vest could be lower or higher. The maximum 
that can potentially vest in respect of these awards is 189% of  
the number of shares comprised in the target awards shown in  
the tables above. 

Options under the SAYE scheme, in which all eligible UK employees 
are invited to participate, are granted at a maximum discount of 20% 
to the market price at time of grant. They are normally exercisable 
after the expiry of three or five years from the date of grant. No 
performance targets are attached to these option grants as the 
SAYE is an all-employee scheme.

The middle market price of a Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary share  
at the date of award of grants under the REGP and BIP was £4.665. 
The middle market price of a Reed Elsevier NV ordinary share at 
the date of award of grants under the REGP and BIP was €8.31.

The middle market price of a Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary  
share during the year was in the range of £4.606 to £5.63 and  
at 31 December 2010 was £5.415. The middle market price of  
a Reed Elsevier NV ordinary share during the year was in the  
range of €8.174 to €10.115 and at 31 December 2010 was €9.257.

80 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Report of the Audit Committees

This report has been prepared by the Audit Committees of  
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV in conjunction with the 
Audit Committee of Reed Elsevier Group plc (the Committees)  
and has been approved by the respective boards.

The report meets the requirements of the UK Corporate 
Governance Code, issued by the UK Financial Reporting Council, 
and the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, issued by Dutch 
Corporate Governance Code Monitoring Committee.

Audit Committees
The main role and responsibilities of the Committees in relation to 
the respective companies are set out in written terms of reference 
and include:

(i) 

 to monitor the integrity of the financial statements of the 
company, and any formal announcements relating to the 
company’s financial performance, reviewing significant financial 
reporting judgements contained in them; 

(ii)   to review the company’s internal financial controls and the 
company’s internal control and risk management systems; 

(iii)   to monitor and review the effectiveness of the company’s  

internal audit function;

(iv)   to make recommendations to the board, for it to put to the 

shareholders for their approval in general meeting, in relation  
to the appointment, reappointment and removal of the external 
auditor and to approve the remuneration and terms of 
engagement of the external auditor; 

(v)   to review and monitor the external auditors’ independence and 

objectivity and the effectiveness of the audit process, taking into 
consideration relevant professional and regulatory requirements; 
and 

(vi)   to develop and recommend policy on the engagement of the 

external auditor to supply non audit services, taking into account 
relevant ethical guidance regarding the provision of non audit 
services by the external audit firm, and to monitor compliance.

The Committees report to the respective boards on their activities 
identifying any matters in respect of which they consider that action 
or improvement is needed and making recommendations as to the 
steps to be taken.

The Reed Elsevier Group plc Audit Committee fulfils this role in 
respect of the publishing and information operating business. The 
functions of an audit committee in respect of the financing activities 
are carried out by the Supervisory Board of Elsevier Reed Finance 
BV. The Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV Audit Committees 
fulfil their roles from the perspective of the parent companies and 
both Committees have access to the reports to and the work of  
the Reed Elsevier Group plc Audit Committee and the Elsevier  
Reed Finance BV Supervisory Board in this respect.

The Committees have explicit authority to investigate any matters 
within their terms of reference and have access to all resources and 
information that they may require for this purpose. The Committees 
are entitled to obtain legal and other independent professional 
advice and have the authority to approve all fees payable to  
such advisers.

The terms of reference of each Audit Committee are reviewed 
annually and a copy of each is published on the Reed Elsevier 
website, www.reedelsevier.com.

Committee membership
The Committees each comprise at least three independent  
non-executive directors. The members of each of the Committees 
that served during the year are: Ben van der Veer (Chairman of  
the Committees from August 2010), Lord Sharman (Chairman  
of the Committees until August 2010), Lisa Hook and David Reid.  
Lord Sharman and David Reid, both UK chartered accountants,  
and Ben van der Veer, a registered accountant in the Netherlands, 
are considered to have significant, recent and relevant financial 
experience. Lord Sharman will retire as a member of the Committees 
in April 2011. Biographies of the members of each of the 
Committees are set out on page 55.

Appointments to the Committees are made on the recommendation 
of the Nominations Committee and are for periods of up to three 
years, extendable by no more than two additional three-year 
periods, so long as the member continues to be independent. 
Details of the remuneration policy in respect of members of the 
Committees and the remuneration paid to members for the year 
ended 31 December 2010 are set out in the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report on pages 62 to 80.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 81

 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Audit Committees continued

Committee activities
The Committees hold meetings five times a year: in January, 
February, June, July and December, and reports on these meetings 
are made to the respective boards at the next board meetings. 
The principal business of these meetings typically includes:

–    January: review of critical accounting policies and practices,  

and significant financial reporting issues and judgements arising  
in connection with the annual financial statements, including 
appropriateness of the going concern assumption; review of  
risk management activities, compliance and internal control 
effectiveness; reviewing and approving the internal audit plan;  
review of internal audit findings; review of the Reed Elsevier 
policy on auditor independence and the fees paid to the  
external auditor for audit and non audit services;

The Audit Committee meetings are typically attended by  
the Chief Financial Officer, the Reed Elsevier Group plc group  
financial controller, chief risk officer and director of internal audit,  
and audit partners of the external auditors. From time to time  
the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer may attend the Audit 
Committee meetings. Additionally, the managing director and senior 
representatives of the external auditors of Elsevier Reed Finance BV 
attend the July and February meetings of the parent company Audit 
Committees. At least one meeting each year, the Committees meet 
separately with the external auditors without management present. 
The Chairman of the Audit Committees has at least one separate 
meeting each year with the director of internal audit.

In discharging their principal responsibilities in respect of the 2010 
financial year, the Committees have:

– 

– 

– 

– 

 February: review and recommending for approval to the Boards  
of annual financial statements, results announcement, annual 
report on Form 20-F and related formal statements; review of 
external audit findings;

(i) 

 June: monitoring and assessing the qualification, performance, 
expertise, resources, objectivity and independence of the 
external auditors and the effectiveness of the external audit 
process; agreeing the external audit plan; reviewing significant 
financial reporting issues and judgements arising in connection 
with the interim financial statements; review of significant external 
financial reporting and regulatory developments; review of tax 
policies: review of compliance activities; review of report from 
external auditors on control matters; review of internal  
audit findings; 

 July: review of critical accounting policies and practices, and 
significant financial reporting issues and judgements arising  
in connection with the interim financial statements, including 
appropriateness of the going concern assumption; review  
and recommending for approval to the Boards of the interim 
financial statements, results announcement and related formal 
statements; review of external audit findings; review of risk 
management activities and internal audit findings; review and 
approval of the external audit engagement letters; review of 
estimated external audit fees; 

 December: review of year end financial reporting and accounting 
issues; review of significant external financial reporting and 
regulatory developments; review of external audit findings to 
date; review of internal audit findings; review of the terms of 
reference and effectiveness of internal audit; review of the terms 
of reference of the Audit Committees.

 received and discussed reports from the Reed Elsevier Group 
plc group financial controller that set out areas of significance in 
the preparation of the financial statements, including: review of 
the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets for possible 
impairment, review of estimated useful lives of intangible assets, 
accounting for pensions and related assumptions, accounting  
for share based remuneration and related assumptions, review  
of the carrying value of investments, accounting treatment  
for acquisitions and disposals and business restructuring, 
application of revenue recognition and cost capitalisation 
policies, accounting for derivatives, review of tax reserves  
and provisions for lease obligations, and the use of the going 
concern basis in the preparation of the financial statements. 
Areas of focus in 2010 were the accounting and judgements in 
respect of: the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets, 
taking into account the effects of the recent global recession and 
subsequent economic environment on business performance; 
revenue recognition and cost capitalisation as business models 
evolve from print publications to online services; accounting  
for the sale and/or closure of a number of Reed Business 
Information titles and businesses; tax provisioning; and the 
recognition of liabilities arising from the restructuring 
programmes and lease obligations.

(ii)   reviewed the critical accounting policies and compliance  

with applicable accounting standards and other disclosure 
requirements and received regular update reports on accounting 
and regulatory developments.

82 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Report of the Audit Committees continued

(iii)   received and discussed regular reports on the management  

of material risks and reviewed the effectiveness of the systems  
of internal control. As part of this review, detailed internal control 
evaluation and certification is obtained from management across 
the operating businesses, reviewed by internal audit and 
discussed with the Committees.

(iv)   received and discussed regular reports from the Reed Elsevier 

Group plc chief risk officer and director of internal audit 
summarising the status of the Reed Elsevier risk management 
activities and the findings from internal audit reviews and the 
actions agreed with management. Areas of focus in 2010 
included: project management of development spend, 
particularly in relation to the significant product and infrastructure 
investment in the US legal business; restructuring and acquisition 
integration activities, notably in the restructuring of Reed 
Business Information and the integration of the ChoicePoint 
acquisition within LexisNexis Risk Solutions; regulatory 
compliance and review of information security; business 
continuity planning; and continued compliance with the 
requirements of Section 404 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
relating to the documentation and testing of internal controls  
over financial reporting.

(v)   reviewed and approved the internal audit plan for 2010  
and monitored execution, including progress in respect  
of recommendations made. Reviewed the resources,  
budget and effectiveness of the internal audit function.

(vi)   received presentations from the Reed Elsevier vice president 
compliance on the compliance programme, including the 
operation of Reed Elsevier’s codes of conduct, training 
programmes and whistleblowing arrangements; and from  
the LexisNexis senior vice president, privacy, security and 
compliance on management of data privacy, security and 
compliance.

(vii)  received regular updates from the Chief Financial Officer on 

developments within the finance function.

Ben van der Veer, Lisa Hook and David Reid attended all five 
meetings of the Committees in 2010. Lord Sharman attended  
four meetings.

The external auditors have attended all meetings of the Committees. 
They have provided written reports at the February, June, July and 
December meetings summarising the most significant findings  
from their audit work. These reports have been discussed by  
the Committees and actions agreed where necessary.

External auditor independence and audit effectiveness
The Audit Committees have the delegated responsibility for 
reviewing the effectiveness of the external audit and overseeing  
the independence and objectivity of the auditors. Reed Elsevier has 
a well established policy on audit effectiveness and independence  
of auditors that sets out inter alia: the responsibilities of the  
Audit Committee in the selection of auditors to be proposed for 
appointment or reappointment at the annual general meeting and for 
agreement on the terms of their engagement and the scope of the 
annual audit; the auditor independence requirements and the policy 
on the provision of non audit services; the rotation of audit partners 
and staff; and the conduct of meetings between the auditors and 
the Audit Committee. The policy is available on the Reed Elsevier 
website, www.reedelsevier.com. 

Under the policy, the auditors are precluded from engaging in  
non audit services that would compromise their independence or 
violate any professional requirements or regulations affecting their 
appointment as auditors. In general, the auditors may not provide  
a service which creates a mutuality of interest; places the auditor in 
a position to audit their own work; results in the auditor acting in a 
capacity akin to that of a company manager or employee; or puts 
the auditor in the role of advocate for the company. The policy sets 
out specific services that may not be provided by the auditors. The 
auditors may provide non audit services which do not conflict with 
their independence where their skills and experience make them  
a logical supplier of the services, and subject to pre-approval by  
the Audit Committee. The Committees have reviewed and agreed 
the non audit services provided in 2010 by the external auditors, 
together with the associated fees which are set out in note 3 to  
the combined financial statements. The non audit services provided 
were in the areas of taxation, other audit related services, due 
diligence and other transaction related services where their 
knowledge of the Reed Elsevier businesses and experience made 
them most suitable to carry out the work required.

The external auditors are required to rotate the audit partners 
responsible for the audit engagement every five years. The lead 
engagement partner has now completed his second year of auditing 
Reed Elsevier’s financial statements. Any decision to open the audit 
to tender is taken only on the recommendation of the Committees. 
The external auditors have confirmed their independence and 
compliance with the Reed Elsevier policy on auditor independence.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 83

 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Audit Committees continued

The Committees conducted a formal review during 2010 of the 
performance of the external auditors and the effectiveness of the 
external audit process for the year ended 31 December 2009.  
As part of this process, the Committees reviewed the report on the 
external auditors by the Audit Inspection Unit of the UK Financial 
Reporting Council issued in September 2010 and the report  
of the Autoriteit Financiële Markten in the Netherlands issued  
on 1 September 2010 on the general findings of the quality  
and effectiveness of audits performed by external audit firms  
(Rapport algemene bevindingen kwaliteit accountantscontrole  
en kwaliteitsbewaking). Based on these reviews, and on their 
subsequent observations on the planning and execution of  
the external audit for the year ended 31 December 2010, the 
Committees have recommended to the respective boards that 
resolutions for the reappointment of the external auditors be 
proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meetings. Deloitte LLP 
and Deloitte Accountants BV or their predecessor Deloitte firms 
were first appointed respectively auditors of Reed Elsevier PLC and 
Reed Elsevier NV for the financial year ended 31 December 1994.  
In addition to the annual review of the performance of the external 
auditors and the effectiveness of the audit process, at least every 
four years the Committees will consider whether the objectives of 
the audit would be better served through a formal tender process  
for the auditor appointment.

The effectiveness of the operation of the Audit Committees was 
reviewed as part of the effectiveness review of the Boards in 
December 2010.

Ben van der Veer
Chairman of the Audit Committees

16 February 2011

84 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Financial Statements

86 Combined financial statements

90 Accounting policies

97 Notes to the combined financial statements

128 Independent auditors’ report

129 Summary combined financial information in euros

142 Reed Elsevier PLC annual report and financial statements

165 Reed Elsevier NV annual report and financial statements

189 Additional information for US investors

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 85

 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Selling and distribution costs
Administration and other expenses

Operating profit before joint ventures
Share of results of joint ventures

Operating profit

Finance income
Finance costs

Net finance costs

Disposals and other non operating items

Profit before tax
Taxation

Net profit for the year

Attributable to:
Parent companies’ shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Net profit for the year

Note

1

2

7
7

8

9

Combined statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December

Net profit for the year

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve (net of tax)
Tax recognised directly in equity

Other comprehensive income/(expense) for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year

Attributable to:
Parent companies’ shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive income for the year

Note

5

18
9

2010
£m

6,055
(2,209)

3,846
(1,091)
(1,687)

1,068
22

1,090

8
(284)

(276)

(46)

768
(120)

648

642
6

648

2010
£m

648

94
(63)
–
(58)
46
29

48

696

690
6

696

2009 
£m

6,071
(2,252)

3,819
(1,112)
(1,935)

772
15

787

7
(298)

(291)

(61)

435
(40)

395

391
4

395

2009 
£m

 395

(122) 
 6
1
 53
 84
 (25)

 (3)

 392

 388
 4

 392

86 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest paid
Interest received
Tax paid (net)

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets
Purchase of investments
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
Net proceeds/(costs) from other disposals
Dividends received from joint ventures

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to shareholders of the parent companies
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(Decrease)/increase in short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 
Issuance of other loans
Repayment of other loans
Repayment of finance leases
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares

Net cash used in financing activities

Combined financial statements

Note

11

11

2010
£m

1,649
(295)
8
(9)

1,353

(50)
(83)
(228)
(5)
7
6
24

(329)

(483)
(8)
(143)
–
(394)
(7)
11

(1,024)

2009 
£m

1,604
(302)
9
(120)

1,191

(94)
(78)
(164)
(3)
4
(2) 
23

(314)

(457)
(3)
107
1,807
(2,862)
(2)
834

(576)

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

11

–

301

Movement in cash and cash equivalents
At start of year
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

734
–
8

742

375
301
58

734

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Non-current assets
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Investments in joint ventures
Other investments
Property, plant and equipment
Net pension assets
Deferred tax assets

Current assets
Inventories and pre-publication costs
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Assets held for sale

Total assets

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Derivative financial instruments
Borrowings
Taxation
Provisions

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Deferred tax liabilities
Net pension obligations
Provisions

Liabilities associated with assets held for sale

Total liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Combined share capitals
Combined share premiums
Combined shares held in treasury
Translation reserve
Other combined reserves

Combined shareholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Note

14
15
16
16
17
5
19

20
21

11

22

23

24

26

24
19
5
26

22

28
29
30
31
32

2010
£m

4,441
3,457
136
48
291
55
151

8,579

228
1,475
134
742

2,579

–

2009 
£m

4,339
3,632
135
41
292
110
208

8,757

275
1,492
71
734

2,572

5

11,158

11,334

2,584
80
516
646
71

3,897

3,786
1,192
225
88

5,291

–

9,188

1,970

224
2,754
(677)
29
(387)

1,943
27

1,970

2,471
102
678
479
134

3,864

4,028
1,272
345
61

5,706

5

9,575

1,759

225
2,807
(698)
(100)
(502)

1,732
27

1,759

88 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined statement of changes in equity

Combined financial statements

Combined
share
capitals
£m

Combined
share
premiums
£m

Combined
shares held
in treasury
£m

Translation
reserve
£m

Note

Other

Combined
combined shareholders’
equity
£m

reserves
£m

225

2,807

(698)

(100)

(502)

1,732

13

Balance at 1 January 2010
Total comprehensive  
income for the year

Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares,
net of expenses
Decrease in share based 
remuneration reserve 
Settlement of share awards 
Exchange differences  
on translation of  
capital and reserves

Balance at  

–
–

–

–
–

–
–

11

–
–

–
–

–

–
9

(1)

(64)

12

31 December 2010

224

2,754

(677)

13

Balance at 1 January 2009 
Total comprehensive  

income for the year 

Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares,
net of expenses
Increase in share based

remuneration reserve 
Settlement of share awards 
Exchange differences  
on translation of  
capital and reserves

Balance at  

209

2,529

(783)

–
–

20

–
–

–
–

395

–
–

(4)

(117)

–
–

–

–
57

28

94
–

–

–
–

35

29

(14)

(122)
–

–

–
–

596
(483)

690
(483)

–

(7)
(9)

18

11

(7)
–

–

(387)

1,943

(988)

510
(457)

419

17
(60)

953

388
(457)

834

17
(3)

–

36

57

31 December 2009

225

2,807

(698)

(100)

(502)

1,732

Non-
controlling
interests
£m

27

6
(8)

–

–
–

2

27

28

4
(3)

–

–
–

(2)

27

Total 
equity 
£m

1,759

696
(491)

11

(7)
–

2

1,970

981

392
(460)

834

17
(3)

(2)

1,759

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounting policies

The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements are prepared  
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRS) as endorsed by the European Union and as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The combined 
financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis,  
as explained on page 61.

The Reed Elsevier accounting policies under IFRS are set  
out below.

Basis of preparation
The equalisation agreement between Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed 
Elsevier NV has the effect that their shareholders can be regarded 
as having the interests of a single economic group. The Reed 
Elsevier combined financial statements (“the combined financial 
statements”) represent the combined interests of both sets of 
shareholders and encompass the businesses of Reed Elsevier 
Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV and their respective 
subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, together with the  
two parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
(“the combined businesses”).

In preparing the combined financial statements, subsidiaries  
of Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV are 
accounted for under the purchase method and investments in 
associates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity 
method. All transactions and balances between the combined 
businesses are eliminated.

On acquisition of a subsidiary, or interest in an associate or joint 
venture, fair values, reflecting conditions at the date of acquisition, 
are attributed to the net assets, including identifiable intangible 
assets, acquired. This includes those adjustments made to bring 
accounting policies into line with those of the combined businesses. 
The results of subsidiaries sold or acquired are included in the 
combined financial statements up to or from the date that control 
passes from or to the combined businesses.

Non-controlling interests in the net assets of the combined 
businesses are identified separately from combined shareholders’ 
equity. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those 
interests at the date of the original acquisition and the non-controlling 
share of changes in equity since the date of acquisition.

These financial statements form part of the statutory information  
to be provided by Reed Elsevier NV, but are not for a legal entity  
and do not include all the information required to be disclosed by  
a company in its financial statements under the UK Companies Act 
2006 or the Dutch Civil Code. Additional information is given in the 
Annual Reports and Financial Statements of the parent companies 
set out on pages 142 to 188. A list of principal businesses is set out  
on page 198.

In addition to the figures required to be reported by applicable 
accounting standards, adjusted profit and operating cash flow 
figures have been presented as additional performance measures. 
Adjusted figures are shown before amortisation and impairment of 
acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring 
and acquisition related costs, disposal gains and losses and other 
non operating items, related tax effects and movements in deferred 
taxation assets and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in 
the near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where 
available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets.  

Adjusted operating profits are also grossed up to exclude the  
equity share of taxes in joint ventures. Adjusted operating cash flow  
is measured after dividends from joint ventures and net capital 
expenditure, but before payments in relation to exceptional 
restructuring and acquisition related costs. Reconciliations  
between reported and adjusted figures are provided in note 10.

Foreign exchange translation
The combined financial statements are presented in pounds sterling. 
Additional information providing a translation into euros of the 
primary Reed Elsevier combined financial statements and selected 
notes is presented on pages 129 to 141.

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate 
of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At each 
statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities 
that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the 
rate prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Exchange 
differences arising are recorded in the income statement other than 
where hedge accounting applies as set out below.

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at exchange 
rates prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Income 
and expense items and cash flows of foreign operations are 
translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Significant 
individual items of income and expense and cash flows in foreign 
operations are translated at the rate prevailing on the date of 
transaction. Exchange differences arising are classified as equity 
and transferred to the translation reserve. When foreign operations 
are disposed of, the related cumulative translation differences 
are recognised within the income statement in the period.

Reed Elsevier uses derivative financial instruments, primarily forward 
contracts, to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks. 
Details of Reed Elsevier’s accounting policies in respect of derivative 
financial instruments are set out below.

Revenue
Revenue represents the invoiced value of sales less anticipated 
returns on transactions completed by performance, excluding 
customer sales taxes and sales between the combined businesses.

Revenues are recognised for the various categories of turnover as 
follows: subscriptions – on periodic despatch of subscribed product 
or rateably over the period of the subscription where performance is 
not measurable by despatch; circulation and transactional – on 
despatch or occurrence of the transaction; advertising – on 
publication or over the period of online display; and exhibitions – on 
occurrence of the exhibition.

90 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Accounting policies continued

Combined financial statements

Where sales consist of two or more independent components 
whose value can be reliably measured, revenue is recognised  
on each component as it is completed by performance, based  
on attribution of relative value.

Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax payable on the 
current year taxable profits, adjustments in respect of prior year 
taxable profits, and the movements on deferred tax that are 
recognised in the income statement.

Employee benefits
The expense of defined benefit pension schemes and other post-
retirement employee benefits is determined using the projected unit 
credit method and charged in the income statement as an operating 
expense, based on actuarial assumptions reflecting market conditions 
at the beginning of the financial year. Actuarial gains and losses are 
recognised in full in the statement of comprehensive income in the 
period in which they occur.

Past service costs are recognised immediately to the extent that 
benefits have vested, or, if not vested, on a straight line basis over 
the period until the benefits vest.

Net pension obligations in respect of defined benefit schemes  
are included in the statement of financial position at the present 
value of scheme liabilities, less the fair value of scheme assets. 
Where schemes are in surplus, i.e. assets exceed liabilities, the net 
pension assets are separately included in the statement of financial 
position. Any net pension asset is limited to the extent that the asset 
is recoverable through reductions in future contributions.

The expense of defined contribution pension schemes and other 
employee benefits is charged in the income statement as incurred.

Share based remuneration
The fair value of share based remuneration is determined at  
the date of grant and recognised as an expense in the income 
statement on a straight line basis over the vesting period, taking 
account of the estimated number of shares that are expected  
to vest. Market based performance criteria are taken into account 
when determining the fair value at the date of grant. Non-market 
based performance criteria are taken into account when estimating 
the number of shares expected to vest. The fair value of share based 
remuneration is determined by use of a binomial or Monte Carlo 
simulation model as appropriate. All Reed Elsevier’s share based 
remuneration is equity settled.

Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, 
construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial 
period of time to bring to use are capitalised. All other interest  
on borrowings is expensed as incurred. The cost of issuing 
borrowings is generally expensed over the period of borrowing  
so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge.

The tax payable on current year taxable profits is calculated using 
the applicable tax rates that have been enacted, or substantively 
enacted, by the statement of financial position date.

Deferred tax is the tax arising on differences between the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their 
corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, 
and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. 
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised  
to the extent that, based on current forecasts, it is probable that 
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is not recognised on 
temporary differences arising in respect of goodwill that is not 
deductible for tax purposes.

Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply 
in the period when the liability is expected to be settled or the asset 
realised. Full provision is made for deferred tax which would become 
payable on the distribution of retained profits from foreign subsidiaries, 
associates or joint ventures.

Movements in deferred tax are charged or credited in the income 
statement, except when they relate to items charged or credited 
directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also recognised  
in equity. Deferred tax credits in respect of share based remuneration 
are recognised in equity to the extent that expected tax deductions 
exceed the related expense.

Goodwill
On the acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase 
consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible 
assets on a fair value basis, with any excess purchase consideration 
representing goodwill. Goodwill arising on acquisitions also includes 
amounts corresponding to deferred tax liabilities recognised in 
respect of acquired intangible assets.

Goodwill is recognised as an asset and reviewed for impairment  
at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the 
income statement and not subsequently reversed.

On disposal of a subsidiary or business, the attributable amount  
of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss  
on disposal.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 91

 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounting policies continued

Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination  
are stated in the statement of financial position at their fair value as 
at the date of acquisition, less accumulated amortisation. Internally 
generated intangible assets are stated in the statement of financial 
position at the directly attributable cost of creation of the asset, less 
accumulated amortisation.

Intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations 
comprise: market related assets (e.g. trade marks, imprints, brands); 
customer related assets (e.g. subscription bases, customer lists, 
customer relationships); editorial content; software and systems 
(e.g. application infrastructure, product delivery platforms, in-process 
research and development); contract based assets (e.g. publishing 
rights, exhibition rights, supply contracts); and other intangible 
assets. Internally generated intangible assets typically comprise 
software and systems development where an identifiable asset  
is created that is probable to generate future economic benefits.

Intangible assets, other than brands and imprints determined  
to have indefinite lives, are amortised systematically over their 
estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible  
assets with finite lives are as follows: market and customer related 
assets – 3 to 40 years; content, software and other acquired 
intangible assets – 3 to 20 years; and internally developed intangible 
assets – 3 to 10 years. Brands and imprints determined to have 
indefinite lives are not amortised and are subject to impairment 
review at least annually.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated in the statement of 
financial position at cost less accumulated depreciation. No 
depreciation is provided on freehold land. Freehold buildings and 
long leases are depreciated over their estimated useful lives up to a 
maximum of 50 years. Short leases are written off over the duration 
of the lease. Depreciation is provided on other assets on a straight 
line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: leasehold 
improvements – shorter of life of lease and 10 years; plant – 3 to 20 
years; office furniture, fixtures and fittings – 5 to 10 years; computer 
systems, communication networks and equipment – 3 to 7 years.

Investments
Investments, other than investments in joint ventures and associates, 
are stated in the statement of financial position at fair value. 
Investments held as part of the venture capital portfolio are classified 
as held for trading, with changes in fair value reported through the 
income statement. All other investments are classified as available 
for sale with changes in fair value recognised directly in equity  
until the investment is disposed of or is determined to be impaired,  
at which time the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in 
equity is brought into the net profit or loss for the period. All items 
recognised in the income statement relating to investments, other 
than investments in joint ventures and associates, are reported as 
non operating items.

Available for sale investments and venture capital investments held 
for trading represent investments in listed and unlisted securities. 
The fair value of listed securities is determined based on quoted 
market prices, and of unlisted securities on management’s estimate 
of fair value based on standard valuation techniques, including 
market comparisons and discounts of future cash flows, having 
regard to maximising the use of observable inputs and adjusting  
for risk. Independent valuation experts are used as appropriate.

Investments in joint ventures and associates are accounted for  
under the equity method and stated in the statement of financial 
position at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in  
Reed Elsevier’s share of net assets, less any impairment in value.

Impairment
At each statement of financial position date, reviews are carried  
out of the carrying amounts of tangible and intangible assets and 
goodwill to determine whether there is any indication that those 
assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication 
exists, the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use 
and fair value less costs to sell, of the asset is estimated in order  
to determine the extent, if any, of the impairment loss. Where the 
asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other 
assets, value in use estimates are made based on the cash flows  
of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. Intangible 
assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment at least 
annually and whenever there is any indication that the asset may 
be impaired.

If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit  
is estimated to be less than its net carrying amount, the net  
carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit is reduced  
to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised 
immediately in the income statement in administration and  
other expenses.

Inventories and pre-publication costs
Inventories and pre-publication costs are stated at the lower of  
cost, including appropriate attributable overhead, and estimated net 
realisable value. Pre-publication costs, representing costs incurred  
in the origination of content prior to publication, are expensed 
systematically reflecting the expected sales profile over the estimated 
economic lives of the related products, generally up to five years.

Leases
Assets held under leases which confer rights and obligations similar 
to those attaching to owned assets are classified as assets held 
under finance leases and capitalised within property, plant and 
equipment or software and the corresponding liability to pay rentals 
is shown net of interest in the statement of financial position as 
obligations under finance leases. The capitalised value of the assets 
is depreciated on a straight line basis over the shorter of the periods 
of the leases or the useful lives of the assets concerned. The interest 
element of the lease payments is allocated so as to produce a 
constant periodic rate of charge.

92 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Accounting policies continued

Operating lease rentals are charged to the income statement on a 
straight line basis over the period of the leases. Rental income from 
operating leases is recognised on a straight line basis over the term 
of the relevant lease.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, call deposits 
and other short term highly liquid investments and are held in the 
statement of financial position at fair value.

Assets held for sale
Assets of businesses that are available for immediate sale in their 
current condition and for which a sales process has been initiated 
are classified as assets held for sale, and are carried at the lower of 
amortised cost and fair value less costs to sell. Non-current assets 
are not amortised or depreciated following their classification as held 
for sale. Liabilities of businesses held for sale are also separately 
classified on the statement of financial position.

Discontinued operations
A discontinued operation is a component of the combined 
businesses that represents a separate major line of business  
or geographical area of operations that has been disposed of  
or is held for sale. When an operation is classified as discontinued,  
the comparative income statement and statement of cash flows  
are re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from  
the start of the comparative period.

Financial instruments
Financial instruments comprise investments (other than investments 
in joint ventures or associates), trade receivables, cash and cash 
equivalents, payables and accruals, provisions, borrowings and 
derivative financial instruments.

Investments (other than investments in joint ventures and associates) 
are classified as either held for trading or available for sale, 
as described above. (These investments are classified as either 
Level 1 or 2 in the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy.)

Trade receivables are carried in the statement of financial position  
at invoiced value less allowance for estimated irrecoverable amounts. 
Irrecoverable amounts are estimated based on the ageing of trade 
receivables, experience and circumstance.

Borrowings (other than fixed rate borrowings in designated hedging 
relationships and for which the carrying value is adjusted to reflect 
changes in the fair value of the hedged risk), payables, accruals  
and provisions are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently  
at amortised cost.

Combined financial statements

Derivative financial instruments are used to hedge interest rate  
and foreign exchange risks. Changes in the fair value of derivative 
financial instruments that are designated and effective as hedges  
of future cash flows are recognised (net of tax) directly in equity  
in the hedge reserve. If a hedged firm commitment or forecasted 
transaction results in the recognition of a non financial asset or 
liability, then, at the time that the asset or liability is recognised,  
the associated gains or losses on the derivative that had previously 
been recognised in equity are included in the initial measurement of 
the asset or liability. For hedges that do not result in the recognition  
of an asset or a liability, amounts deferred in equity are recognised  
in the income statement in the same period in which the hedged 
item affects net profit or loss. Any ineffective portion of hedges is 
recognised immediately in the income statement.

Derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging 
instruments are classified as held for trading and recorded in the 
statement of financial position at fair value, with changes in fair value 
recognised in the income statement.

Where an effective hedge is in place against changes in the fair 
value of fixed rate borrowings, the hedged borrowings are adjusted 
for changes in fair value attributable to the risk being hedged with a 
corresponding income or expense included in the income statement 
within finance costs. The offsetting gains or losses from remeasuring 
the fair value of the related derivatives are also recognised in the 
income statement within finance costs. When the related derivative 
expires, is sold or terminated, or no longer qualifies for hedge 
accounting, the cumulative change in fair value of the hedged 
borrowing is amortised in the income statement over the period  
to maturity of the borrowing using the effective interest method.

The fair values of interest rate swaps, interest rate options, forward 
rate agreements and forward foreign exchange contracts represent 
the replacement costs calculated using observable market rates  
of interest and exchange. The fair value of long term borrowings is 
calculated by discounting expected future cash flows at observable 
market rates. (These instruments are accordingly classified as  
Level 2 in the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy.)

Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when a hedging 
instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer 
qualifies for hedge accounting. At that time, any cumulative gain  
or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in equity is either 
retained in equity until the firm commitment or forecasted transaction 
occurs, or, where a hedged transaction is no longer expected to 
occur, is immediately credited or expensed in the income statement.

Provisions
Provisions are recognised when a present obligation exists as  
a result of a past event, and it is probable that settlement of the 
obligation will be required. Provisions are measured at the best 
estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at  
the statement of financial position date.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 93

 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounting policies continued

Shares held in treasury
Shares of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV that are 
repurchased by the respective parent companies and not cancelled 
are classified as shares held in treasury. The consideration paid, 
including directly attributable costs, is recognised as a deduction 
from equity. Shares of the parent companies that are purchased  
by the Reed Elsevier Group plc Employee Benefit Trust are also 
classified as shares held in treasury, with the cost recognised as  
a deduction from equity.

Critical judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The most significant accounting policies in determining the financial 
condition and results of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses, 
and those requiring the most subjective or complex judgement, 
relate to the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, share based 
remuneration, pensions, litigation, taxation, and property provisioning.

Goodwill and intangibles
On acquisition of a subsidiary or business, the purchase 
consideration is allocated between the net tangible and intangible 
assets other than goodwill on a fair value basis, with any excess 
purchase consideration representing goodwill. The valuation of 
acquired intangible assets represents the estimated economic  
value in use, using standard valuation methodologies, including  
as appropriate, discounted cash flow, relief from royalty and 
comparable market transactions. Acquired intangible assets are 
capitalised and amortised systematically over their estimated useful 
lives, subject to impairment review. Appropriate amortisation periods 
are selected based on assessments of the longevity of the brands 
and imprints, the strength and stability of customer relationships,  
the market positions of the acquired assets and the technological 
and competitive risks that they face. Certain intangible assets in 
relation to acquired science and medical publishing businesses  
have been determined to have indefinite lives.

The longevity of these assets is evidenced by their long established 
and well regarded brands and imprints, and their characteristically 
stable market positions.

The carrying amounts of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible 
assets in each business are reviewed for impairment at least 
annually. The carrying amounts of all other intangible assets are 
reviewed where there are indications of possible impairment. An 
impairment review involves a comparison of the carrying value of  
the asset with estimated values in use based on latest management 
cash flow projections. Key areas of judgement in estimating the 
values in use of businesses are the growth in cash flows over a five 
year forecast period, the long term growth rate assumed thereafter 
and the discount rate applied to the forecast cash flows.

The discount rates used are based on the Reed Elsevier weighted 
average cost of capital, adjusted to reflect a risk premium specific  
to each business. The pre-tax discount rates applied are 9.5% for 
Elsevier, 10.0-10.5% for LexisNexis, 10.5-11.0% for Reed Exhibitions 
and 10.5-12.0% for Reed Business Information. The nominal long 
term growth rates, which are based on historic growth rates and  
the growth prospects for businesses, do not exceed 3%. There 
were no charges for impairment of acquired intangible assets  
and goodwill in 2010 (2009: £177m principally relating to the RBI 
controlled circulation titles).

A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes  
in key assumptions considered to be reasonably possible by 
management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%; a decrease 
in the compound annual growth rate for adjusted operating cash 
flow in the five year forecast period of 2.0%; and a decrease in  
perpetuity growth rates of 0.5%. The sensitivity analysis shows  
that impairment charges resulting from these scenarios would be  
less than £10m. Further information is provided in note 14 to the 
combined financial statements.

Share based remuneration
Share based remuneration is determined based on the fair value of 
an award at the date of grant, and is spread over the vesting period 
on a straight line basis, taking into account the number of shares 
that are expected to vest. The fair value of awards is determined  
at the date of grant by use of a binomial or Monte Carlo simulation 
model as appropriate, which requires judgements to be made 
regarding share price volatility, dividend yield, risk free rates of return 
and expected option lives. The number of awards that are expected 
to vest requires judgements to be made regarding forfeiture rates 
and the extent to which performance conditions will be met. The 
assumptions are determined in conjunction with independent 
actuaries based on historical data and trends. 

The assumptions of share price volatility of 26%, of expected share 
option life of 4 years, and of expected lapse rate of 3-5% are based 
on relevant historical data. Other judgements made on grant are 
based on market data. Assumptions as to future performance 
against non market related vesting conditions are based on 
management estimates. The charge for share based and related 
remuneration was £11m in 2010 (2009: £17m) as a result of reduced 
vesting assumptions. Further information is provided in note 6 to the 
combined financial statements.

Pensions
Accounting for defined benefit pension schemes involves judgement 
about uncertain events, including the life expectancy of the 
members, salary and pension increases, inflation, the return on 
scheme assets and the rate at which the future pension payments 
are discounted. Estimates for these factors are used in determining 
the pension cost and liabilities reported in the financial statements. 
These best estimates of future developments are made in conjunction 
with independent actuaries. Each scheme is subject to a periodic 
review by independent actuaries.

94 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Accounting policies continued

Combined financial statements

The principal assumptions as at 31 December 2010, expressed as  
a weighted average of the various defined benefit pension schemes, 
were a discount rate of 5.6% (2009: 5.8%; 2008: 6.2%), an expected 
return on scheme assets of 6.8% (2009: 7.0%; 2008: 7.1%), an 
expected rate of salary increases of 4.1% (2009: 4.0%; 2008: 3.7%) 
and inflation of 3.2% (2009: 3.1%; 2008: 2.7%). Future pension 
increases are assumed at 3.2% (2009: 3.1%; 2008: 2.8%) and 
average life expectancy of 87-89 years (2009: 87-88 years) for 
scheme members currently aged 45 and 60 years. The net defined 
benefit pension expense was £22m (2009: £18m). Excluding the  
net pension financing credit, the expense was £48m (2009: £24m) 
reflecting the lower discount rates and higher inflation assumptions 
at the beginning of the year compared with the prior year, and 
pension curtailment credits of £17m (2009: £43m) from changes to 
pension plan design and staff reductions. The net pension financing 
credit is based on market data at the beginning of the year and  
was £26m (2009: £6m) reflecting the higher market value of scheme 
assets. Further information and sensitivity analysis is provided in 
note 5 to the combined financial statements.

Property provisions
Reed Elsevier has exposures to sub-lease shortfalls in respect  
of certain property leases for periods up to 2024. Provisions are 
recognised for net liabilities expected to arise on these exposures. 
Estimation of the provisions requires judgement in respect of future 
head lease costs, sub lease income and the length of vacancy 
periods. The charge for property provisions was £36m (2009: £70m) 
relating to surplus property arising on the restructuring, sale and 
closure of RBI businesses and includes expected losses on sub 
leases entered into during 2010 and an estimate of vacancy periods 
and future market conditions. Further information is provided in note 
26 to the combined financial statements.

Other significant accounting policies
The accounting policies in respect of revenue recognition,  
pre-publication costs and development spend are also significant  
in determining the financial condition and results of the Reed Elsevier 
combined businesses, although the application of these policies is 
more straightforward.

Litigation
Reed Elsevier is involved in various legal proceedings, which arise  
in the normal course of its business, relating to commercial disputes, 
employment, data security and product liability. Provisions for 
liabilities are recognised when it is likely that a settlement is required. 
Although the outcome of legal proceedings is uncertain, the ultimate 
resolution of such matters is not expected to have a material impact 
on results.

Revenue recognition policies, while an area of management focus, 
are generally straightforward in application as the timing of product 
or service delivery and customer acceptance for the various revenue 
types can be readily determined. Allowances for product returns  
are deducted from revenues based on historical return rates.  
Where sales consist of two or more components that operate 
independently, revenue is recognised as each component is 
completed by performance, based on attribution of relative value.

Taxation
Reed Elsevier is subject to tax in numerous jurisdictions, giving  
rise to complex tax issues that require management to exercise 
judgment in making tax determinations. While Reed Elsevier is 
confident that tax returns are appropriately prepared and filed,  
the application of tax law and practice is subject to some uncertainty 
and provisions are held in respect of this. Issues are raised during 
the course of regular tax audits and discussions including on the 
deductibility of interest in the US on certain cross-border financing 
are ongoing. Although the outcome of open items cannot be 
predicted, no material impact on results is expected from  
such issues.

Reed Elsevier’s policy in respect of deferred taxation is to provide  
in full for all taxable temporary differences using the balance sheet 
liability method. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the 
extent that they are considered recoverable based on forecasts of 
available taxable profits against which they can be utilised over the 
near term.

Pre-publication costs incurred in the creation of content prior to 
production and publication are typically deferred and expensed  
over their estimated useful lives based on sales profiles. Such  
costs typically comprise direct internal labour costs and externally 
commissioned editorial and other fees. Estimated useful lives 
generally do not exceed five years. Annual reviews are carried  
out to assess the recoverability of carrying amounts.

Development spend embraces investment in new product and other 
initiatives, ranging from the building of new online delivery platforms, 
to launch costs of new services, to building new infrastructure 
applications. Launch costs and other operating expenses of new 
products and services are expensed as incurred. The costs of 
building product applications and infrastructure are capitalised as 
intangible assets and amortised over their estimated useful lives. 
Impairment reviews are carried out at least annually.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 95

 
 
 
 
 
 
IFRS9 – Financial Instruments (effective for the 2013 financial year, 
with earlier adoption permitted). The standard replaces the existing 
classification and measurement requirements in IAS39 for financial 
assets by requiring entities to classify them as being measured 
either at amortised cost or fair value depending on the business 
model and contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset.  
For financial liabilities, IFRS9 requires an entity choosing to measure 
a liability at fair value to present the portion of the change in its  
fair value due to changes in the entity’s own credit risk in the other 
comprehensive income rather than the income statement. Adoption 
of this standard is not expected to have a significant impact on  
the measurement, presentation or disclosure of financial assets 
and liabilities in the combined financial statements.

Additionally, a number of interpretations have been issued which  
are not expected to have any significant impact on Reed Elsevier’s 
accounting policies and reporting.

Accounting policies continued

Standards and amendments effective for the year
Those amendments to IFRS which are relevant to Reed Elsevier  
and are effective for the current year are set out below.

Amendments to IFRS3 – Business Combinations requires 
transaction related costs (including professional fees) to be 
expensed and adjustments to contingent and deferred consideration 
to be recognised in income and allows non-controlling interests  
to be measured either at fair value or the proportionate share of  
net identifiable assets. Adoption of this standard has not required  
a restatement of prior year business combinations and has not  
had a significant impact in the year ended 31 December 2010. 

Amendments to IAS27 – Consolidated and Separate Financial 
Statements amendments has introduced changes to the accounting 
for partial disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. 
Adoption of this standard has not had a significant impact in the  
year ended 31 December 2010. 

Amendment to IAS39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and 
Measurement clarifies the eligibility of hedge accounting for inflation 
and hedging with options and has not had a significant impact  
for the year ended 31 December 2010. 

Amendments to IAS32 – Financial Instruments: Presentation 
amendment provides relief to companies making rights issues in a 
currency other than their functional currency. This amendment has 
not affected Reed Elsevier as shares are not issued in currencies 
other than its functional currencies.

Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective
New accounting standards and amendments and their expected 
impact on the future accounting policies and reporting of  
Reed Elsevier are set out below.

96 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

1 Segment analysis

Reed Elsevier’s reported segments are based on the internal reporting structure and financial information provided to the Chief Executive 
Officer and Boards.

Reed Elsevier is a publisher and information provider organised in 2010 as four business segments: Elsevier, comprising scientific, technical  
and medical publishing; LexisNexis, providing legal, tax, regulatory, risk information and analytics, and business information solutions to 
professional, business and government customers; Reed Exhibitions, organising trade exhibitions and conferences; and Reed Business 
Information, providing information and marketing solutions to business professionals. 

Adjusted operating profit figures are presented as additional performance measures. They are stated before amortisation and impairment  
of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, and are grossed up to exclude the equity 
share of taxes in joint ventures. Exceptional restructuring costs in 2010 relate to the restructuring of the Reed Business Information business 
and in 2009 relate to the exceptional restructuring programmes across Reed Elsevier. Exceptional restructuring costs principally comprise 
severance, outsourcing migration and associated property costs. Adjusted operating profit is reconciled to operating profit in note 10.

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Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Sub-total
Corporate costs
Unallocated net pension credit

Total

Revenue

Operating profit

Adjusted operating profit

2010
£m

2,026
2,618
693
718

6,055
–
–

6,055

2009
£m

1,985
2,557
638
891

6,071
–
–

6,071

2010
£m

647
324
127
–

1,098
(34)
26

1,090

2009
£m

563
337
79
(163)

816
(35)
6

787

2010
£m

724
592
158
89

1,563
(34)
26

1,555

2009 
£m

693
665
152
89

1,599
(35)
6

1,570

Revenue is analysed before the £116m (2009: £118m) share of joint ventures’ revenue, of which £24m (2009: £25m) relates to LexisNexis, 
principally to Giuffrè, £89m (2009: £90m) relates to Reed Exhibitions, principally to exhibition joint ventures, and £3m (2009: £3m) relates  
to Reed Business Information.

Share of post-tax results of joint ventures of £22m (2009: £15m) included in operating profit comprises £4m (2009: £4m) relating to LexisNexis, 
£17m (2009: £10m) relating to Reed Exhibitions and £1m (2009: £1m) relating to Reed Business Information. The unallocated net pension 
credit of £26m (2009: £6m) comprises the expected return on pension scheme assets of £217m (2009: £189m) less interest on pension 
scheme liabilities of £191m (2009: £183m).

Analysis of revenue by geographical origin

North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world 

Total

2010
£m

3,213
907
620
825
490

6,055 

2009 
£m

3,228
897
662
851
433

6,071

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 97

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

1 Segment analysis continued

Analysis of revenue by geographical market

2010
£m

3,303
490
204
1,131
927

6,055 

2010
£m

2,709
1,760
491
675 
420

6,055

2009 
£m

3,310
513
243
1,132
 873

6,071

2009 
£m

2,711
1,708
585
626
 441

6,071

North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world 

Total

Analysis of revenue by type

Subscriptions
Circulation/transactions
Advertising
Exhibitions
Other 

Total

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Total

Expenditure on
acquired goodwill and
intangible assets

Capital
expenditure
additions

Amortisation and
impairment of
acquired intangible
assets and goodwill

Depreciation and
other amortisation

2010
£m

13
34
6
1

54

2009
£m

4
7
12
–

23

2010
£m

81
210
12
12

315

2009
£m

77
150
11
19

257

2010
£m

75
221
23
30

349

2009
£m

78
231
63
173

545

2010
£m

74
123
14
26

237

2009 
£m

80
107
7
29

223

Capital expenditure comprises additions to property, plant and equipment and internally developed intangible assets. Amortisation  
and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill includes amounts in respect of joint ventures of £4m (2009: £12m) in  
Reed Exhibitions. Other than the depreciation, amortisation and impairment above, non cash items include £7m credit (2009: £17m charge) 
relating to the recognition of share based remuneration and comprise £2m credit (2009: £4m charge) in Elsevier, £1m charge (2009: £7m 
charge) in LexisNexis, £1m credit (2009: £2m charge) in Reed Exhibitions, £3m credit (2009: £2m charge) in Reed Business Information  
and £2m credit (2009: £2m charge) in Corporate.

98 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

1 Segment analysis continued

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Sub-total
Taxation
Cash and cash equivalents
Net pension assets
Assets held for sale
Other assets

Total

Geographical location
North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world

Total

Combined financial statements

Total assets

2010
£m

2009 
£m

2,871
5,921
681
456

9,929
151
742
55
–
281 

11,158

7,556
933
854
1,356
459 

2,915
5,872
 728
 547

 10,062
 208
 734
110
 5
215

 11,334

 7,570
1,164
 687
 1,504
409

11,158

 11,334

Investments in joint ventures of £136m (2009: £135m) included in segment assets above comprise £38m (2009: £38m) relating to LexisNexis, 
£92m (2009: £92m) relating to Reed Exhibitions and £6m (2009: £5m) relating to Reed Business Information.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 99

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

2 Operating profit

Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting) the following:

Staff costs
Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Pensions
Share based and related remuneration

Total staff costs

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Share of joint ventures’ amortisation of acquired intangible assets 
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Impairment of goodwill in joint ventures
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Total depreciation, amortisation and impairment

Other expenses and income
Pre-publication costs, inventory expenses and other cost of sales 
Operating lease rentals expense
Operating lease rentals income

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges are included within administration and other expenses.

3 Auditors’ remuneration

Auditors’ remuneration
For audit services
For non-audit services

Total auditors’ remuneration

Note

5

15

14, 15

15
17

2010
£m

1,594
179
54
11

1,838

345
4
–
–
158
79

586

2009 
£m

1,610
183
42
17

1,852

364
4
169
8
139 
84

768

2,209
123
(11)

2,252
132
(12)

2010
£m

4.5
1.2

5.7

2009 
£m

4.5
1.2

5.7

Auditors’ remuneration for audit services comprises £0.4m (2009: £0.4m) payable to the auditors of the parent companies and £4.1m (2009: 
£4.1m) payable to the auditors of the parent companies and their associates for the audit of the financial statements of the operating and 
financing businesses, including the review and testing of internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the US Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act. Auditors’ remuneration for non-audit services comprises: £0.9m (2009: £0.7m) for taxation services, £0.3m (2009: £0.4m) for other 
audit related services and nil (2009: £0.1m) for due diligence and other transaction related services. Reed Elsevier’s policy on auditor 
independence is set out on page 83.

100 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

4 Personnel

Number of people employed

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Sub-total
Corporate/shared functions

Total

Geographical location
North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world

Total

5 Pension schemes

At 31 December

Average during the year

2010

2009

2010

2009

6,700
14,700
2,600
5,300

29,300
900

30,200

16,500
4,600
1,700
3,800
3,600

30,200

6,800
15,200
2,500
6,900

31,400
900

32,300

17,600 
4,900 
2,000 
4,200 
3,600 

6,800
14,900
2,600
5,800

 30,100
900

31,000

16,900
4,700
1,800
4,000
3,600

32,300 

 31,000

6,900
15,400
2,600
7,500

32,400
900

33,300

18,000 
5,000 
2,100 
4,500 
3,700 

33,300 

A number of pension schemes are operated around the world. The major schemes are of the defined benefit type with assets held  
in separate trustee administered funds. The largest schemes, which cover the majority of employees, are in the UK, the US and the 
Netherlands. Under these plans, employees are entitled to retirement benefits dependent on the number of years service provided.

The principal assumptions for the purpose of valuation under IAS19 – Employee Benefits are determined for each scheme in conjunction 
with the respective schemes’ independent actuaries and are presented below as the weighted average of the various defined benefit 
pension schemes. The defined benefit pension expense for each year is based on the assumptions and scheme valuations set at  
31 December of the prior year.

Discount rate
Expected rate of return on scheme assets
Expected rate of salary increases
Inflation
Future pension increases

As at 31 December

2010

5.6%
6.8%
4.1%
3.2%
3.2%

2009

5.8%
7.0%
4.0%
3.1%
3.1%

2008

6.2%
7.1%
3.7%
2.7%
2.8%

The expected rates of return on individual categories of scheme assets are determined by reference to relevant market indices and market 
expectations of real rates of return. The overall expected rate of return on scheme assets is based on the weighted average of each asset 
category.

Mortality assumptions used in assessing defined benefit obligations make allowance for future improvements in longevity and have been 
determined by reference to applicable mortality statistics and the actuaries’ expectations for each scheme. The average life expectancies 
assumed in the valuation of the defined benefit obligations are set out below. 

Average life expectancy (at 31 December)

Member currently aged 60
Member currently aged 45

2010

Male
(years)

88
89

Female
(years)

87
88

2009

Male
(years)

88
88

Female 
(years)

87
87

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 101

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

5 Pension schemes continued

The pension expense recognised within the income statement comprises:

Service cost (including curtailment credits of £17m (2009: £43m)) 
Interest on pension scheme liabilities
Expected return on scheme assets

Net defined benefit pension expense
Defined contribution pension expense

Total pension expense

2010
£m

48
191
(217)

22
32 

54

2009 
£m

24
183
(189)

18
24

 42

The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year 
and the movements during the year were as follows:

At start of year
Service cost 
Interest on pension scheme liabilities
Expected return on scheme assets
Actuarial (loss)/gain
Contributions by employer
Contributions by employees
Benefits paid
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Defined
benefit
obligations
£m

2010

Fair value
of scheme
assets
£m

Net
pension
obligations
£m

Defined
benefit
obligations
£m

2009

Fair value
of scheme
assets
£m

Net 
pension 
obligations 
£m

(3,302)
(48)
(191)
–
(261)
–
(11)
139
(3)

(3,677)

3,067
–
–
217
198
154
11
(139)
(1)

3,507

(235)
(48)
(191)
217
(63)
154
–
–
(4)

(170)

(3,051)
 (24)
(183)
–
 (295)
 –
 (12)
134
129

 (3,302)

2,682
–
–
189
301
101
12
(134)
(84)

3,067

(369)
(24)
(183)
189
6
101
–
–
45

(235)

The net pension obligations of £170m (2009: £235m) at 31 December 2010 comprise schemes in deficit with net pension obligations of  
£225m (2009: £345m) and schemes in surplus with net pension assets of £55m (2009: £110m).

As at 31 December 2010 the defined benefit obligations comprise £3,531m (2009: £3,172m) in relation to funded schemes and £146m  
(2009: £130m) in relation to unfunded schemes. The weighted average duration of defined benefit scheme liabilities is 19 years (2009:  
19 years). Deferred tax liabilities of £15m (2009: £31m) and deferred tax assets of £78m (2009: £122m) are recognised in respect of  
the pension scheme surpluses and deficits respectively.

The fair value of scheme assets held as equities, bonds and other assets, and their expected rates of return as at 31 December,  
are shown below:

Equities
Bonds
Other

Total 

Expected rate
of return on
scheme
assets

8.7%
4.4%
5.1%

6.8%

2010

Fair value
of scheme
assets
£m

1,963
1,318
226

3,507

Proportion
of total 
scheme
assets

Expected rate
of return on
scheme
assets

56%
38%
6%

100%

8.6%
4.5%
5.3%

7.0%

2009

Fair value
of scheme
assets
£m

1,827
1,069
171

3,067

Proportion 
of total 
scheme 
assets

60%
35%
5%

100%

The actual return on scheme assets for the year ended 31 December 2010 was a £415m gain (2009: £490m gain).

102 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

5 Pension schemes continued

A summary of pension balances in respect of funded and unfunded schemes for the five years ended 31 December 2010 is set out below.

Fair value of scheme assets
Defined benefit obligations

Net pension (obligations)/surplus

2010
£m

3,507
(3,677)

(170)

2009
£m

3,067
(3,302)

(235)

2008
£m

2,682
(3,051)

(369)

2007
£m

3,018 
(2,968) 

 50

2006 
£m

2,772
(3,008)

(236)

Gains and losses arising on the revaluation of pension scheme assets and liabilities that have been recognised in the statement of 
comprehensive income are set out below:

Gains and losses arising during the year:

Experience (losses)/gains on scheme liabilities
Experience gains/(losses) on scheme assets

Actuarial (losses)/gains arising on the present value of scheme  

liabilities due to changes in:
– discount rates
– inflation
– life expectancy and other actuarial assumptions

Net cumulative (losses)/gains at start of year

Net cumulative (losses)/gains at end of year

2010
£m

(43)
198

(162)
(50)
(6)

(63)
(89)

(152)

2009
£m

18
301

(249)
(124)
60

6
(95)

(89)

2008
£m

(9)
(765)

202
198
 27

(347)
252

(95)

2007
£m

(28)
34

367
(152)
 3

224
28

252 

2006 
£m

(30)
 99

 198
 (77)
(51)

 139
(111)

28

Regular contributions to defined benefit pension schemes in respect of 2011 are expected to be approximately £70m.

Sensitivity analysis
Valuation of Reed Elsevier’s pension scheme liabilities involves judgements about uncertain events, including the life expectancy of the 
members, salary and pension increases, inflation and the rate at which the future pension payments are discounted. Estimates are used for 
each of these factors, determined in conjunction with independent actuaries. Differences arising from actual experience or future changes  
in assumptions may materially affect future pension charges. In particular, changes in assumptions for discount rates, inflation and life 
expectancies would have the following approximate effects on the annual net pension expense and the defined benefit pension obligations:

Increase/decrease of 0.25% in discount rate:

Decrease/increase in annual net pension expense
Decrease/increase in defined benefit pension obligations

Increase/decrease of one year in assumed life expectancy:
Increase/decrease in annual net pension expense
Increase/decrease in defined benefit pension obligations

Increase/decrease of 0.25% in the expected inflation rate:
Increase/decrease in annual net pension expense
Increase/decrease in defined benefit pension obligations

£m

5
162

5
87

5
137

Additionally, the annual net pension expense includes an expected return on scheme assets. A 5% increase/decrease in the market value  
of equity investments held by the defined benefit pension schemes would, absent any change in their expected long term rate of return, 
increase/decrease the amount of the expected return on scheme assets by £9m and would decrease/increase the amount of the net 
pension obligations by £98m.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 103

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

6 Share based remuneration

Reed Elsevier provides a number of share based remuneration schemes to directors and employees. The principal share based 
remuneration schemes are the Executive Share Option Schemes (ESOS), the Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), the Reed Elsevier Growth 
Plan (REGP), the Retention Share Plan (RSP) and the Bonus Investment Plan (BIP). Share options granted under ESOS and LTIP are 
exercisable after three years and up to ten years from the date of grant at a price equivalent to the market value of the respective shares  
at the date of grant. Conditional shares granted under ESOS, LTIP, RSP and BIP are exercisable after three years for nil consideration  
if conditions are met. Conditional shares granted under REGP are exercisable for nil consideration if conditions are met after three and  
five years. Other awards principally relate to all employee share based saving schemes in the UK and the Netherlands.

Share based remuneration awards are, other than in exceptional circumstances, subject to the condition that the employee remains  
in employment at the time of exercise. Share options and conditional shares granted under LTIP, RSP and BIP in 2009 and prior years  
are subject to the achievement of growth targets of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV adjusted earnings per share measured at 
constant exchange rates. LTIP grants made in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 are also variable subject to the achievement of an additional 
total shareholder return performance target.

Conditional shares granted under LTIP, REGP, RSP and BIP in 2010 are subject to the achievement of growth targets of Reed Elsevier PLC 
and Reed Elsevier NV adjusted earnings per share measured at constant exchange rates as well as the achievement of a percentage return 
on invested capital of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV.

The weighted average fair value per award is based on full vesting on achievement of non market related performance conditions and 
stochastic models for market related components. The conditional shares and option awards are recognised in the income statement over 
the vesting period, being between three and five years, on the basis of expected performance against the non market related conditions, 
with the fair value related to market related components unchanging. Further details of performance conditions are given in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages 62 to 80.

2010 grants

Share options
– ESOS
– Other

Total share options
Conditional shares

– ESOS
– LTIP
– REGP
– RSP
– BIP

Total conditional shares

2009 grants

Share options
– ESOS
– Other

Total share options
Conditional shares

– ESOS
– LTIP
– RSP
– BIP

Total conditional shares

In respect of
Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares

In respect of 
Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares

Weighted
average fair
value
per award
£

Number of
shares
’000

Weighted 
average fair 
value 
per award 
£

Number of
shares
’000

2,204
846
3,050

751
1,677
1,038
236
1,714
5,416

0.77
0.99
0.83

4.23
4.01
6.99
4.23
4.64
4.82

1,448
381
1,829

493
1,101
681
155
820
3,250

1.08
0.82
1.02

6.37
6.11
10.66
6.37
6.93
7.32

In respect of
Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares

In respect of 
Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares

Weighted
average fair
value
per award
£

Number of
shares
’000

Weighted 
average fair 
value 
per award 
£

Number of
shares
’000

4,303
1,284
5,587

770
1,845
204
661
3,480

0.93
1.25
1.00

4.91
6.26
4.95
4.48
5.55

2,799
588
3,387

500
1,198
133
352
2,183

1.44
0.87
1.34

7.52
9.73
7.58
6.48
8.57

104 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

6 Share based remuneration continued

The main assumptions used to determine the fair values, which have been established with advice from and data provided by independent 
actuaries, are set out below.

Assumptions for grants made during the year

Weighted average share price at date of grant

– ESOS
– LTIP
– REGP
– RSP
– BIP
– Other

Expected share price volatility
Expected option life
Expected dividend yield
Risk free interest rate
Expected lapse rate

In respect of
Reed Elsevier PLC
ordinary shares

In respect of 
Reed Elsevier NV 
ordinary shares

2010

2009

2010

2009

£4.69
£4.67
£4.67
£4.67
£4.64
£5.22
26%
4 years
3.5%
1.8%
3-5%

£5.39
£5.44
–
£5.42
£4.91
£5.02
26%
4 years
3.1%
2.0%
3-5%

(cid:19)8.36
(cid:19)8.31
(cid:19)8.31
(cid:19)8.33
(cid:19)8.11
(cid:19)8.86
26%
4 years
3.9%
1.2%
3-4%

(cid:56)9.35
(cid:56)9.50
–
(cid:56)9.42
(cid:56)8.05
(cid:56)8.31 
26% 
4 years 
3.4% 
2.4% 
3-4%

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Expected share price volatility has been estimated based on relevant historic data in respect of the Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
ordinary share prices. Expected share option life has been estimated based on historical exercise patterns in respect of Reed Elsevier PLC 
and Reed Elsevier NV share options.

The share based remuneration awards outstanding as at 31 December 2010, in respect of both Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
ordinary shares, are set out below.

Share options: 
Reed Elsevier PLC

Outstanding at 1 January 2009
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Outstanding at 1 January 2010
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Outstanding at 31 December 2010

Exercisable at 31 December 2009 

Exercisable at 31 December 2010

ESOS

LTIP

Other

Total

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
(pence)

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
(pence)

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
(pence)

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
(pence)

Number of
shares
’000

30,172
 4,303
 (781)
(1,638)
 (1,490)

30,566
2,204
(1,039)
(988)
(1,494)

29,249

20,763

19,929

562
539
436
602
522

562
469
481
560
578

557

547

559

2,325
–
–
–
(66)

2,259
–
(269)
–
–

1,990

2,259

1,990

489
–
–
–
487

489
–
487
–
–

489

489

489

2,631
1,284
(436)
(578)
(41)

2,860
846
(700)
(367)
(167)

2,472

349

129

454
402
404
469
408

436
418
447
432
425

428

422

468

35,128
5,587
(1,217)
(2,216)
(1,597)

35,685
3,050
(2,008)
(1,355)
(1,661)

33,711

23,371

22,048

549
508
424
549 
518 

547
455
470
496
554

544

540

552

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 105

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

6 Share based remuneration continued

ESOS

LTIP

Other

Total

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
((cid:19))

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
((cid:19))

Weighted
average
exercise Number of
shares
’000

price
((cid:19))

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
((cid:19))

Number of
shares
’000

Share options:
Reed Elsevier NV

Outstanding at 1 January 2009
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Outstanding at 1 January 2010
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

21,811
2,799
–
(1,203)
(1,790)

21,617
1,448
(50)
(556)
(1,499)

Outstanding at 31 December 2010

20,960

Exercisable at 31 December 2009

Exercisable at 31 December 2010

15,217

14,862

Conditional shares: Reed Elsevier PLC

Outstanding at 1 January 2009
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at 1 January 2010
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at 31 December 2010

Conditional shares: Reed Elsevier NV

Outstanding at 1 January 2009
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at 1 January 2010
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding at 31 December 2010

12.23
9.35
–
11.73
11.98

11.88
8.36
9.31
10.16
13.00

11.61

12.01

12.22

1,809
–
–
–
(46)

1,763
–
–
–
(222)

1,541

1,763

1,541

10.60
–
–
–
10.57

10.60
–
–
–
10.57

10.60

10.60

10.60

2,357
588
(32)
(376)
–

2,537
381
(134)
(452)
–

2,332

2,537

2,332

12.19
8.31
7.93
12.00
–

11.32
8.86
8.38
14.01
–

10.57

11.32

10.57

Number of shares ’000

ESOS

2,051
770
(867)
(87)

1,867
751
(594)
(81)

1,943

ESOS

1,358
500
(580)
(65)

1,213
493
(389)
(47)

1,270

LTIP

4,516
1,845
(1,767)
(442)

4,152
1,677
(15)
(595)

5,219

LTIP

2,978
1,198
(1,162)
(311)

2,703
1,101
(10)
(324)

3,470

REGP

–
–
–
–

–
1,038
–
–

1,038

RSP

35
204
(24)
–

215
236
(4)
–

447

Number of shares ’000

REGP

–
–
–
–

–
681
–
–

681

RSP

24
133
(17)
–

140
155
(3)
–

292

25,977
3,387
(32)
(1,579)
(1,836)

25,917
1,829
(184)
(1,008)
(1,721)

12.11
9.17 
7.93 
11.84 
11.94 

11.74
8.45 
8.63
8.75
6.71

24,833

11.45 

19,517

18,735

11.79

11.88

BIP

1,901
661
(622)
(26)

1,914
1,714
(65)
(173)

Total

8,503
3,480
(3,280)
(555)

8,148
5,416
(678)
(849)

3,390

12,037

BIP

838
352
(315)
(10)

865
820
(23)
(82)

1,580

Total

5,198
2,183
(2,074)
(386)

4,921
3,250
(425)
(453)

7,293

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise of share options and conditional shares during 2010 was 522p (2009: 506p)  
for Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares and (cid:56)8.82 (2009: (cid:56)8.45) for Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares.

106 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

6 Share based remuneration continued

Combined financial statements

Range of exercise prices for outstanding share options

Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares (pence)
351-400
401-450
451-500
501-550
551-600
601-650
651-700

Total

Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares (euro)
7.01-8.00
8.01-9.00
9.01-10.00
10.01-11.00
11.01-12.00
12.01-13.00
13.01-14.00
14.01-15.00
15.01-16.00

Total 

2010

2009

Number
of shares
 under
option
’000

Weighted
average
remaining
period until
expiry
(years)

–
2,017
8,919
11,299
3,153
6,053
2,270

33,711

137
2,062
3,915
4,385
5,670
2,653
2,502
3,414
95

24,833

–
3.3
4.5
5.6
1.6
6.6
0.2

4.6

8.2
9.0
6.0
3.3
4.4
6.8
1.4
3.2
0.8

3.9

Number
of shares
 under
option
’000

16
2,157
8,219
12,638
3,593
6,600
2,462

35,685

175
511
4,011
4,912
6,297
2,854
2,990
3,971
196

25,917

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
period until 
expiry 
(years)

0.3 
2.6
2.9
6.0
2.3 
7.6
1.2

4.3

9.2
9.0
6.8 
4.4 
5.1
7.4
2.5
4.0 
1.3

5.2 

Share options are expected, upon exercise, to be met principally by the issue of new ordinary shares but may also be met from shares held 
by the Reed Elsevier Group plc Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) (see note 30). Conditional shares will be met from shares held by the EBT.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 107

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

7 Net finance costs

Interest on short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 
Interest on other loans
Interest on obligations under finance leases

Total borrowing costs
Losses on derivatives not designated as hedges

Finance costs

Interest on bank deposits
Gains on loans and derivatives not designated as hedges

Finance income

Net finance costs

2010
£m

(33)
(236)
(1)

(270)
(14)

(284)

7
1

8

2009 
£m

(63)
(226)
(1)

(290)
(8)

(298)

5
2

7

(276)

(291)

Finance costs include £26m (2009: £46m) transferred from the hedge reserve. A net loss of £15m (2009: £11m) on interest rate derivatives 
designated as cash flow hedges was recognised directly in equity in the hedge reserve to be recognised in future periods.

8 Disposals and other non operating items

Revaluation of held for trading investments
Loss on disposal and write down of businesses and other assets 

Net loss on disposals and other non operating items

2010
£m

8
(54)

(46)

The loss on disposal and write down of businesses and other assets in 2009 and 2010 principally relate to asset sales and closures in  
RBI US’s businesses.

9 Taxation

Current tax

United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of world

Total current tax charge
Deferred tax

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Total taxation charge

The current tax charge includes a tax credit of £7m (2009: £34m) in respect of prior year disposals.

2010
£m

44
58
64

166

(46)

120

2009 
£m

8
(69)

(61)

2009 
£m

44
37
(1)

80

(40)

40

108 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined financial statements

Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

9 Taxation continued

A reconciliation of the notional tax charge based on average applicable rates of tax (weighted in proportion to accounting profits) to the 
actual total tax expense is set out below.

Profit before tax

Tax at average applicable rates
Tax on share of results of joint ventures
Prior year credits on disposals
Non deductible goodwill impairment
Non deductible loss on disposals
Net tax on share based remuneration
Non deductible amounts and other items

Tax expense

Tax expense as a percentage of profit before tax

The following tax has been recognised directly in equity during the year.

Tax on actuarial movements on defined benefit pension schemes 
Tax on fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Deferred tax charge on share based remuneration

Net tax credit/(charge) recognised directly in equity

10 Adjusted figures

2010
£m

768

118
(7)
(7)
–
10
2
4

120

16%

2010
£m

16
12
1

29

2009 
£m

435

41
(6)
(34)
19
–
10
10

40

9%

2009 
£m

(10)
(15)
–

(25)

Reed Elsevier uses adjusted figures as additional performance measures. Adjusted figures are stated before amortisation and impairment 
of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, disposal gains and losses and other  
non operating items, related tax effects and movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in the 
near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. Adjusted operating profit 
is also grossed up to exclude the equity share of taxes in joint ventures. Exceptional restructuring costs in 2010 relate to the restructuring of 
the Reed Business Information business and in 2009 relate to the exceptional restructuring programmes across Reed Elsevier. Acquisition 
related costs relate to acquisition integration and, from 2010, professional and other transaction related fees and adjustments to deferred 
and contingent consideration. 

Adjusted operating cash flow is measured after net capital expenditure and dividends from joint ventures but before payments in relation  
to exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs. Adjusted figures are derived as follows:

Operating profit
Adjustments:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures

Adjusted operating profit

Profit before tax
Adjustments:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures
Disposals and other non operating items

Adjusted profit before tax

2010
£m

1,090

349
–
57
50 
9

2009 
£m

787

368
177
182
48
8

1,555

1,570

768

349
–
57
50 
9
46 

435

368
177
182
48
8
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1,279

1,279

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 109

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

10 Adjusted figures continued

Profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders
Adjustments (post tax):

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax credits on acquired intangible assets not expected to crystallise in the near term 

Adjusted profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders   

Cash generated from operations
Dividends received from joint ventures
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets
Payments in relation to exceptional restructuring costs
Payments in relation to acquisition related costs

Adjusted operating cash flow

11 Statement of cash flows

Reconciliation of operating profit before joint ventures to cash generated from operations

Operating profit before joint ventures

Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill  
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Share based remuneration

Total non cash items

Decrease in inventories and pre-publication costs
Decrease in receivables
Decrease in payables

Decrease in working capital

Cash generated from operations

Cash flow on acquisitions

Purchase of businesses
Payment of ChoicePoint change of control and other non operating payables assumed
Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions

Total

2010
£m

642

337
–
37
30
37
(100)

983

1,649
24
(83)
7
(228)
99
51

1,519

2010

£m

1,068

345
158
79
(7)

575

35
24
(53)

6

2009 
£m

391

411
136
133
33
(22)
(100)

982

1,604
23
(78)
4
(164)
124
45

1,558

2009 

£m

772

533
139
84
17

773

47
112
(100)

59

Note

12

1,649

1,604

2010
£m

(38)
(7)
(5)

(50)

2009 
£m

(9)
(56)
(29)

(94)

110 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

11 Statement of cash flows continued

Reconciliation of net borrowings

At start of year

Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Net movement in short term bank loans, overdrafts and  

commercial paper

Issuance of other loans
Repayment of other loans
Repayment of finance leases

Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows

Inception of finance leases
Fair value adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives
Exchange translation differences

Cash & cash
equivalents
£m

Borrowings
£m

Related 
derivative 
financial 
instruments
£m

2010
£m

2009 
£m

734

(4,706)

41

(3,931)

(5,726)

–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
8

–

143
–
394
7

544

(2)
(52)
(86)

–

–
–
–
–

–

–
63
1

105

–

301

143
–
394
7

544

(2)
11
(77)

(107)
(1,807)
2,862
2

1,251

(26)
11
559

(3,455)

(3,931)

At end of year

742

(4,302)

Net borrowings comprise cash and cash equivalents, loan capital, finance leases, promissory notes, bank and other loans, and those 
derivative financial instruments that are used to hedge the fair value of fixed rate borrowings.

Cash and cash equivalents include £4m (2009: £5m) held in trust to satisfy liabilities in respect of change of control obligations related  
to the acquisition of ChoicePoint.

12 Acquisitions

During the year a number of small acquisitions were made for a total consideration of £43m (2009: £11m), after taking account of net cash 
acquired of nil. The net assets of the businesses acquired are incorporated at their fair value to the combined businesses. Provisional fair 
values of the consideration given and of the assets and liabilities acquired are summarised below. 

Goodwill
Intangible assets
Current liabilities
Deferred tax

Net assets acquired

Consideration (after taking account of nil net cash acquired)
Less: consideration deferred to future years

Net cash flow

Fair
value
2010
£m

27
27
(2)
(9)

43

43
(5)

38

Fair 
value 
2009 
£m

6
17
(11)
(1)

11

11
(2)

9

Goodwill, being the excess of the consideration over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, represents benefits which do not 
qualify for recognition as intangible assets, including the ability of a business to generate higher returns than individual assets, skilled 
workforces, acquisition synergies that are specific to Reed Elsevier, and high barriers to market entry. In addition, goodwill arises  
on the recognition of deferred tax liabilities in respect of intangible assets for which amortisation does not qualify for tax deductions.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 111

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

12 Acquisitions continued

The fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired are provisional pending the completion of the valuation exercises. Final fair values will  
be incorporated in the 2011 combined financial statements. There were no significant adjustments to the provisional fair values of prior year 
acquisitions established in 2009.

The businesses acquired in 2010 contributed £2m to revenue, decreased adjusted operating profit by £1m, decreased adjusted profit 
attributable by £1m, decreased profit attributable by £3m, and contributed nil net cash inflow from operating activities for the part year 
under Reed Elsevier ownership and before taking account of acquisition financing costs. Had the businesses been acquired at the 
beginning of the year, on a pro forma basis the Reed Elsevier revenues, adjusted operating profit, adjusted profit attributable and profit 
attributable for the year would have been £6,065m, £1,556m, £984m and £643m respectively before taking account of acquisition  
financing costs.

13 Equity dividends

Ordinary dividends declared in the year

Reed Elsevier PLC
Reed Elsevier NV

Total

2010
£m

245
240 

485

2009 
£m

228
232

460

Ordinary dividends declared in the year, in amounts per ordinary share, comprise: a 2009 final dividend of 15.0p and a 2010 interim dividend  
of 5.4p giving a total of 20.4p (2009: 20.4p) for Reed Elsevier PLC; and a 2009 final dividend of (cid:56)0.293 and a 2010 interim dividend of (cid:56)0.109 
giving a total of (cid:56)0.402 (2009: (cid:56)0.397) for Reed Elsevier NV.

The directors of Reed Elsevier PLC have proposed a final dividend of 15.0p (2009: 15.0p). The directors of Reed Elsevier NV have proposed  
a final dividend of (cid:56)0.303 (2009: (cid:56)0.293). The total cost of funding the proposed final dividends is expected to be £361m, for which no 
liability has been recognised at the statement of financial position date. 

Ordinary dividends paid and proposed relating to the financial year

Reed Elsevier PLC
Reed Elsevier NV

Total

2010
£m

245 
246 

491

2009 
£m

245
250

495

Dividends paid to Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders are, other than in special circumstances, equalised at the gross 
level inclusive of the UK tax credit of 10% received by certain Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders. The cost of funding the Reed Elsevier PLC 
dividends is therefore similar to that of Reed Elsevier NV.

14 Goodwill

At start of year
Acquisitions
Disposals
Impairment
Reclassified from held for sale
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

4,339
27
(38)
–
–
113

4,441

2009 
£m

 4,901
6
(7)
(110)
22
(473)

4,339

112 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

14 Goodwill continued

The carrying amount of goodwill is after cumulative amortisation of £1,407m (2009: £1,573m) which was charged prior to the adoption of IFRS.

Impairment charges in 2009 comprise £93m in Reed Business Information, principally relating to its US and International businesses,  
and £17m in Reed Exhibitions, principally in Reed Exhibitions Continental Europe.

Impairment review
Impairment testing of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets is performed at least annually based on cash generating units (CGUs).  
A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other 
groups of assets. CGUs which are not individually significant have been aggregated for presentation purposes. Typically, when an acquisition  
is made the acquired business is fully integrated into the relevant business unit and CGU, and the goodwill arising is allocated to the CGUs, 
or groups of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition.

The carrying value of goodwill recorded in the major groups of CGUs is set out below.

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Elsevier

LexisNexis US Legal
LexisNexis Risk Solutions
LexisNexis International

LexisNexis

Reed Exhibitions Continental Europe
Reed Exhibitions other

Reed Exhibitions

Reed Business Information US
Reed Business Information UK
Reed Business Information NL
Reed Business Information International

Reed Business Information

Total

2010
£m

994

1,064
1,720
115

2,899

293
66

359

63
71
24
31

189

4,441

2009 
£m

963

1,012
1,659
133

2,804

304
60

364

73
69
29
37

208

4,339

The carrying value of each CGU is compared with its estimated value in use, which is determined to be its recoverable amount. Value in  
use is calculated based on estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value. Estimated future cash flows are determined 
by reference to latest budgets and forecasts for the next five years approved by management, after which a long term perpetuity growth  
rate is applied. The estimates of future cash flows are consistent with past experience adjusted for management’s estimates of future 
performance. The key assumptions used in the value in use calculations are discount rates and perpetuity growth rates. The discount  
rates used are based on the Reed Elsevier weighted average cost of capital, adjusted to reflect a risk premium specific to each CGU.  
The Reed Elsevier weighted average cost of capital reflects an assumed equity return, based on the risk free rate for government bonds 
adjusted for an equity risk premium, and the Reed Elsevier post tax cost of debt. The pre-tax discount rates applied are 9.5% for Elsevier, 
10.0-10.5% for LexisNexis, 10.5-11.0% for Reed Exhibitions and 10.5-12.0% for Reed Business Information. Cash flows subsequent to the 
forecast period of five years are assumed to grow at nominal perpetuity growth rates. The rates assumed are based on long term historic 
growth rates of the territories where the CGUs operate and the growth prospects for the sectors in which the CGUs operate. The nominal 
perpetuity growth rates for all CGUs do not exceed 3%.

The value in use calculations and impairment reviews are sensitive to changes in key assumptions, particularly relating to discount rates  
and cash flow growth. A sensitivity analysis has been performed based on changes in key assumptions considered to be reasonably 
possible by management: an increase in the discount rate of 0.5%; a decrease in the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for adjusted 
operating cash flow in the five year forecast period of 2.0%; and a decrease in perpetuity growth rates of 0.5%. The sensitivity analysis 
shows that impairment charges resulting from these sensitivity scenarios would be less than £10m.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 113

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

15 Intangible assets

Cost
At 1 January 2009
Acquisitions
Additions
Disposals
Reclassified (to)/from held for sale and other transfers
Exchange translation differences

At 1 January 2010
Acquisitions
Additions
Disposals
Exchange translation differences

At 31 December 2010

Amortisation and impairment
At 1 January 2009
Charge for the year
Impairment
Disposals
Reclassified (to)/from held for sale and other transfers
Exchange translation differences

At 1 January 2010
Charge for the year
Disposals
Exchange translation differences

At 31 December 2010

Net book amount
At 31 December 2009

At 31 December 2010

Market
and
customer
related
£m

Content,
software
and other
£m

Total
acquired 
intangible
assets
£m

Internally 
developed  
intangible 
assets
£m

2,819
5
–
(1)
–
(288)

2,535
11
–
–
85

2,631

310
155
7
(1)
–
(34)

437
161
–
12

610

3,935
12
–
(14)
(233)
(310)

3,390
16
–
(99)
44

3,351

2,415
209
52
(8)
(217)
(191)

2,260
184
(93)
33

2,384

6,754
17
–
(15)
(233)
(598)

5,925
27
–
(99)
129

5,982

2,725
364
59
(9)
(217)
(225)

2,697
345
(93)
45

2,994

2,098

2,021

1,130

967

3,228

2,988

940
–
179
(20)
21
(78)

1,042
–
230
(77)
9

1,204

565
139
–
(20)
2
(48)

638
158
(64)
3

735

404

469

Total 
£m

7,694
17
179
(35)
(212)
(676)

6,967
27
230
(176)
138

7,186

3,290
503
59
(29)
(215)
(273)

3,335
503
(157)
48

3,729

3,632

3,457

Intangible assets acquired as part of business combinations comprise: market related assets (e.g. trade marks, imprints, brands);  
customer related assets (e.g. subscription bases, customer lists, customer relationships); and content, software and other intangible  
assets (e.g. editorial content, software and product delivery systems, other publishing rights, exhibition rights and supply contracts). Included in 
content, software and other acquired intangible assets are assets with a net book value of £619m (2009: £698m) that arose on acquisitions 
completed prior to the adoption of IFRS that have not been allocated to specific categories of intangible assets. Internally developed intangible 
assets typically comprise software and systems development where an identifiable asset is created that is probable to generate future 
economic benefits.

Included in market and customer related intangible assets are £368m (2009: £356m) of brands and imprints relating to Elsevier determined 
to have indefinite lives based on an assessment of their historical longevity and stable market positions. Indefinite lived intangibles are tested 
for impairment at least annually using the same value in use assumptions as set out in note 14.

Impairment charges in 2009 comprise amounts of £10m in Reed Exhibitions, and £49m in Reed Business Information’s US and 
International businesses.

114 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

16 Investments

Investments in joint ventures
Available for sale investments
Venture capital investments held for trading

Total

Combined financial statements

2010
£m

136
10
38

184 

2009 
£m

135
9
32

176

The value of £12m (2009: £11m) of venture capital investments held for trading has been determined by reference to quoted market prices. 
The value of other venture capital investments and available for sale investments has been determined by reference to other observable 
market inputs.

An analysis of changes in the carrying value of investments in joint ventures is set out below.

At start of year
Share of results of joint ventures
Dividends received from joint ventures
Disposals
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

135
22 
(24)
(1)
4

136

2009 
£m

145
15
(23)
–
(2)

135

Share of results of joint ventures includes impairment charges of nil (2009: £8m) in respect of minor joint ventures in Reed Exhibitions.

The principal joint ventures at 31 December 2010 are exhibition joint ventures within Reed Exhibitions and Giuffrè (an Italian legal publisher 
in which Reed Elsevier has a 40% shareholding) within LexisNexis.

Summarised aggregate information in respect of joint ventures and Reed Elsevier’s share is set out below.

Revenue
Net profit for the year

Total assets
Total liabilities

Net assets
Goodwill

Total

Total joint ventures

Reed Elsevier share

2010
£m

235
46

264
(132)

132

2009
£m

246
51

284
(152)

132

2010
£m

116
22

122
(62)

60
76

136

2009 
£m

118
15

133
(73)

60
75

135

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 115

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

17 Property, plant and equipment

2010

Land and
buildings
£m

Fixtures and
equipment
£m

Land and
buildings
£m

2009

Fixtures and 
equipment
£m

Cost
At start of year
Capital expenditure
Disposals
Reclassified from held for sale
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Accumulated depreciation
At start of year
Disposals
Reclassified from held for sale
Charge for the year
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Net book amount

238
7
(5)
–
6

246

106
(5)
–
12
2

115

131

Total
£m

864
85
(146)
–
21

824

572
(132)
–
79
14

533

259
10
(8)
–
(23)

 238

106
(2)
–
12
(10)

106

626
78
(141)
–
15

578

466
(127)
–
67
12

418

160

291

 132

Total 
£m

903
78
(62)
18
(73)

864

574
(52)
12
84
(46)

572

292

644
68
(54)
18
(50)

626

468
(50)
12
72
(36)

466

160

No depreciation is provided on freehold land of £48m (2009: £50m). The net book amount of property, plant and equipment at 
31 December 2010 includes £2m (2009: £4m) in respect of assets held under finance leases relating to fixtures and equipment.

116 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

18 Financial instruments

Details of the objectives, policies and strategies pursued by Reed Elsevier in relation to financial instruments and capital management are 
set out on pages 48 and 49 of the Financial Review. The main financial risks faced by Reed Elsevier are liquidity risk, market risk – comprising 
interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk – and credit risk. Financial instruments are used to finance the Reed Elsevier businesses and to 
hedge interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Reed Elsevier’s businesses do not enter into speculative derivative transactions. Details of 
financial instruments subject to liquidity, market and credit risks are described below.

Liquidity risk
Reed Elsevier maintains a range of borrowing facilities and debt programmes to fund its requirements, at short notice and at competitive 
rates. The remaining contractual maturities for borrowings and derivative financial instruments are shown in the table below. The table 
shows undiscounted principal and interest cash flows and includes contractual gross cash flows to be exchanged as part of cross currency 
interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts where there is a legal right of set-off.

At 31 December 2010

Borrowings
Fixed rate borrowings
Floating rate borrowings

Carrying
amount
£m

Within
1 year
£m

(3,711)
(591)

(370)
(383)

Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Forward foreign exchange contracts

(25)
–
(55)

(19)
(5)
(1,283)

Derivative financial assets
Interest rate derivatives
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Forward foreign exchange contracts

Total

19
100
15

15
14
1,262

(4,248)

(769)

At 31 December 2009

Borrowings
Fixed rate borrowings
Floating rate borrowings

Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Forward foreign exchange contracts

Derivative financial assets
Interest rate derivatives
Cross currency interest rate swaps
Forward foreign exchange contracts

Total

Carrying
amount
£m

(3,824)
(882)

(45)
–
(57)

3
54
14

(4,737)

Within
1 year
£m

(252)
(673)

(28)
(6)
(907)

15
12
875

(964)

1-2
years
£m

(558)
(53)

(8)
(7)
(413)

10
14
401

(614)

1-2
years
£m

(592)
(4)

(12)
(10)
(378)

5
13
374

(604)

Contractual cash flow

2-3
years
£m

(833)
(6)

(2)
(179)
(154)

20
209
154

(791)

3-4
years
£m

(865)
(99)

–
(190)
(32)

–
248
33

(905)

Contractual cash flow

2-3
years
£m

(542)
(115)

(5)
(14)
(165)

–
15
166

(660)

3-4
years
£m

(837)
(4)

(3)
(183)
–

16
192
–

(819)

4-5
years
£m

More than 
5 years
£m

Total 
£m

(246)
(67)

(2,210)
(5)

(5,082)
(613)

(1)
–
–

–
–
–

(6)
–
–

–
–
–

(36)
(381)
(1,882)

45
485
1,850

(314)

(2,221)

(5,614)

4-5
years
£m

(815)
(100)

(4)
(184)
–

–
217
–

More than 
5 years
£m

Total 
£m

(2,409)
(5)

(5,447) 
(901) 

(12)
–
–

–
–
–

(64) 
(397) 
(1,450) 

36 
449
1,415 

(886)

(2,426)

(6,359) 

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

18 Financial instruments continued

The carrying amount of derivative financial liabilities comprises nil (2009: £9m) in relation to fair value hedges, £68m (2009: £67m) in  
relation to cash flow hedges and £12m (2009: £26m) held for trading. The carrying amount of derivative financial assets comprises £105m 
(2009: £50m) in relation to fair value hedges, £12m (2009: £12m) in relation to cash flow hedges and £17m (2009: £9m) held for trading. 
Derivative financial assets and liabilities held for trading comprise interest rate derivatives and forward foreign exchange contracts that  
were not designated as hedging instruments.

At 31 December 2010, Reed Elsevier had access to a $2,000m committed bank facility maturing in June 2013, which was undrawn.

After taking account of the maturity of committed bank facilities that back short term borrowings at 31 December 2010, and after utilising 
available cash resources, no borrowings mature within two years (2009: nil), 23% of borrowings mature in the third year (2009: 19%),  
27% in the fourth and fifth years (2009: 35%), 39% in the sixth to tenth years (2009: 36%), and 11% beyond the tenth year (2009: 10%).

Market risk
Reed Elsevier’s primary market risks are to interest rate fluctuations and exchange rate movements. Derivatives are used to hedge or 
reduce the risks of interest rate and exchange rate movements and are not entered into unless such risks exist. Derivatives used by  
Reed Elsevier for hedging a particular risk are not specialised and are generally available from numerous sources. The impact of market 
risks on net post employment benefit obligations and taxation is excluded from the following market risk sensitivity analysis.

Interest rate risk
Reed Elsevier’s interest rate exposure management policy is aimed at reducing the exposure of the combined businesses to changes 
in interest rates.

At 31 December 2010, 73% of gross borrowings were either fixed rate or had been fixed through the use of interest rate swaps, forward  
rate agreements and options. A 100 basis point reduction in interest rates would result in an estimated decrease in net finance costs  
of £3m (2009: £4m), based on the composition of financial instruments including cash, cash equivalents, bank loans and commercial  
paper borrowings at 31 December 2010. A 100 basis point rise in interest rates would result in an estimated increase in net finance costs  
of £3m (2009: £4m).

The impact on net equity of a theoretical change in interest rates as at 31 December 2010 is restricted to the change in carrying value  
of floating rate to fixed rate interest rate derivatives in a designated cash flow hedge relationship and undesignated interest rate derivatives.  
A 100 basis point reduction in interest rates would result in an estimated reduction in net equity of £8m (2009: £14m) and a 100 basis  
point increase in interest rates would increase net equity by an estimated £9m (2009: £15m). The impact of a change in interest rates  
on the carrying value of fixed rate borrowings in a designated fair value hedge relationship would be offset by the change in carrying  
value of the related interest rate derivative. Fixed rate borrowings not in a designated hedging relationship are carried at amortised cost.

Foreign exchange rate risk
Translation exposures arise on the earnings and net assets of business operations in countries with currencies other than sterling, most 
particularly in respect of the US businesses. These exposures are hedged, to a significant extent, by a policy of denominating borrowings  
in currencies where significant translation exposures exist, most notably US dollars (see note 24).

A theoretical weakening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December 2010 would decrease the carrying value of net assets, 
excluding net borrowings, by £457m (2009: £466m). This would be offset to a large degree by a decrease in net borrowings of £270m 
(2009: £321m). A strengthening of all currencies by 10% against sterling at 31 December 2010 would increase the carrying value of net 
assets, excluding net borrowings, by £570m (2009: £581m) and increase net borrowings by £329m (2009: £392m).

A retranslation of the combined businesses’ net profit for the year assuming a 10% weakening of all foreign currencies against sterling  
but excluding transactional exposures would reduce net profit by £51m (2009: £17m). A 10% strengthening of all foreign currencies against 
sterling on this basis would increase net profit for the year by £62m (2009: £20m).

118 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

18 Financial instruments continued

Credit risk
Reed Elsevier seeks to limit interest rate and foreign exchange risks described above by the use of financial instruments and as a result has 
a credit risk from the potential non performance by the counterparties to these financial instruments, which are unsecured. The amount of 
this credit risk is normally restricted to the amounts of any hedge gain and not the principal amount being hedged. Reed Elsevier also has  
a credit exposure to counterparties for the full principal amount of cash and cash equivalents. Credit risks are controlled by monitoring the 
credit quality of these counterparties, principally licensed commercial banks and investment banks with strong long term credit ratings,  
and the amounts outstanding with each of them.

Reed Elsevier has treasury policies in place which do not allow concentrations of risk with individual counterparties and do not allow 
significant treasury exposures with counterparties which are rated lower than A/A2 by Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch.

Reed Elsevier also has credit risk with respect to trade receivables due from its customers that include national and state governments, 
academic institutions and large and small enterprises including law firms, book stores and wholesalers. The concentration of credit risk  
from trade receivables is limited due to the large and broad customer base. Trade receivable exposures are managed locally in the business 
units where they arise. Where appropriate, business units seek to minimise this exposure by taking payment in advance and through 
management of credit terms. Allowance is made for bad and doubtful debts based on management’s assessment of the risk taking into 
account the ageing profile, experience and circumstance. The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of 
each financial asset, including derivative financial instruments, recorded in the statement of financial position.

Included within trade receivables are the following amounts which are past due but for which no allowance has been made. Past due up  
to one month £241m (2009: £248m); past due two to three months £58m (2009: £66m); past due four to six months £16m (2009: £25m); 
and past due greater than six months £5m (2009: nil). Examples of trade receivables which are past due but for which no allowance  
has been made include those receivables where there is no concern over the creditworthiness of the customer and where the history  
of dealings with the customer indicate the amount will be settled.

Hedge accounting
The hedging relationships that are designated under IAS39 – Financial Instruments are described below:

Fair value hedges
Reed Elsevier has entered into interest rate swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps to hedge the exposure to changes  
in the fair value of fixed rate borrowings due to interest rate and foreign currency movements which could affect the income statement.

Interest rate derivatives (including cross currency interest rate swaps) with a principal amount of £1,093m (2009: £1,104m) were in place  
at 31 December 2010 swapping fixed rate term debt issues denominated in sterling, euros and Swiss francs (CHF) to floating rate sterling,  
euro and US dollar (USD) debt respectively for the whole of their term.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 119

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

18 Financial instruments continued

The gains and losses on the borrowings and related derivatives designated as fair value hedges, which are included in the income statement, 
for the two years ended 31 December 2010 were as follows:

Gains/(losses) on borrowings
and related derivatives

GBP debt
Related interest rate swaps

EUR debt
Related interest rate swaps

CHF debt
Related CHF to USD cross currency 

interest rate swaps

Total GBP, EUR and CHF debt
Total related interest rate derivatives 

Net gain

1 January
2009
£m

Fair value
movement
gain/(loss)
£m

Exchange
gain/(loss)
£m

Fair value 
1 January movement
gain/(loss)
£m

2010 
£m

Exchange 31 December 
2010 
gain/(loss)
£m
£m

–
–
–
–
–
–
(41)

41
–
(41)
41

–

9
(9)
–
(2)
2
–
(11)

11
–
(4)
4

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
4

(4)
–
4
(4)

–

9
(9)
–
(2)
2
–
(48)

48
–
(41)
41

–

(16)
16
–
(10)
10
–
(37)

37
–
(63)
63

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
(1)

1
–
(1)
1

–

(7)
7
–
(12)
12
–
(86)

86
–
(105)
105

–

All fair value hedges were highly effective throughout the two years ended 31 December 2010.

Gross borrowings as at 31 December 2010 included £51m (2009: £59m) in relation to fair value adjustments to borrowings previously 
designated in a fair value hedge relationship which were de-designated in 2008. The related derivatives were closed out on de-designation 
with a cash inflow of £62m. £10m (2009: £11m) of these fair value adjustments were amortised in the year as a reduction to finance costs.

Cash flow hedges
Reed Elsevier enters into two types of cash flow hedge:
(1)    Interest rate derivatives which fix the interest expense on a portion of forecast floating rate debt (including commercial paper, short term 

bank loans and floating rate term debt).

(2)   Foreign exchange derivatives which fix the exchange rate on a portion of future foreign currency subscription revenues forecast by the 

Elsevier science and medical businesses for up to 50 months.

Movements in the hedge reserve (pre-tax) in 2009 and 2010, including gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments, were as follows:

Hedge reserve at 1 January 2009: losses deferred
(Losses)/gains arising in 2009
Amounts recognised in income statement
Exchange translation differences
Hedge reserve at 1 January 2010: losses deferred
Losses arising in 2010
Amounts recognised in income statement
Exchange translation differences

Hedge reserve at 31 December 2010: losses deferred

Interest rate
hedges
£m

Foreign
exchange
hedges
£m

Total hedge 
reserve 
pre-tax 
£m

(80)
(11)
46
7
(38)
(15)
26
(2)

(29)

(176)
64
58
3
(51)
(43)
35
–

(59)

(256)
53
104
10
(89)
(58)
61
(2)

(88)

All cash flow hedges were highly effective throughout the two years ended 31 December 2010.

A tax credit of £21m (2009: £24m) in respect of the above gains and losses at 31 December 2010 was also deferred in the hedge reserve.

120 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Combined financial statements

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Of the amounts recognised in the income statement in the year, losses of £35m (2009: £58m) were recognised in revenue, and losses  
of £26m (2009: £46m) were recognised in finance costs. A tax credit of £15m (2009: £20m) was recognised in relation to these items.

The deferred losses on cash flow hedges at 31 December 2010 are currently expected to be recognised in the income statement in future 
years as follows:

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Losses deferred in hedge reserve at end of year

Interest rate
hedges
£m

Foreign
exchange
hedges
£m

Total 
hedge 
reserve 
pre-tax 
£m

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(14)
(12)
(3)
–
–

(29)

(35)
(15)
(8)
(1)
–

(59)

(49)
(27)
(11)
(1)
–

(88)

The cash flows for these hedges are expected to occur in line with the recognition of the losses in the income statement, other than in 
respect of certain forward foreign exchange hedges on subscriptions, where cash flows may be expected to occur in advance of the 
subscription year.

19 Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities

Total

2010
£m

151
(1,192)

(1,041)

2009 
£m

208
(1,272)

(1,064)

Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets are summarised as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

Deferred tax assets

Excess of tax
allowances
over
amortisation
£m

Acquired 
intangible
assets
£m

Deferred tax (liability)/asset 
at 1 January 2009
(Charge)/credit to profit
Credit/(charge) to equity
Transfers
Acquisitions
Exchange translation differences

Deferred tax (liability)/asset 
at 1 January 2010
Credit/(charge) to profit
Credit/(charge) to equity
Transfers
Acquisitions
Exchange translation differences

Deferred tax (liability)/asset 
at 31 December 2010

(219)
(20)
–
–
–
23

(216)
2
–
–
–
(9)

(1,239)
118
–
–
(1)
115

(1,007)
100
–
–
(9)
(28)

(223)

(944)

Pensions

Excess of
Other amortisation
over tax
assets differences allowances
£m

temporary

£m

£m

(44)
(4)
17
–
–
–

(31)
(7)
23
–
–
–

(15)

(23)
4
–
–
–
1

(18)
1
7
–
–
–

(10)

10
19
–
–
–
(2)

27
(14)
–
–
–
–

13

Tax losses
carried
forward
£m

Other 
Pensions
temporary 
liabilities differences
£m

£m

6
3
–
–
–
–

9
4
–
–
–
–

190
(24)
(27)
–
–
(17)

122
(40)
(7)
–
–
3

147
(56)
(15)
(20)
–
(6)

50
–
6
(11)
–
2

Total 
£m

(1,172)
40
(25)
(20)
(1)
114

(1,064)
46
29
(11)
(9)
(32)

13

78

47

(1,041)

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 121

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

20 Inventories and pre-publication costs

Raw materials
Pre-publication costs
Finished goods

Total

21 Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Allowance for doubtful debts

Prepayments and accrued income

Total

2010
£m

6
130
92

228

2010
£m

1,361
(73)

1,288
187

1,475

Trade receivables are predominantly non-interest bearing and their carrying amounts approximate to their fair value.

Trade receivables are stated net of allowances for bad and doubtful debts. The movements in the provision during the year were  
as follows:

At start of year
Charge for the year
Trade receivables written off
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

80
15
(22)
–

73

2009 
£m

9
168
98

275

2009 
£m

1,367
(80)

1,287
205

1,492

2009 
£m

77
33
(24)
(6)

80

22 Assets and liabilities held for sale

The major classes of assets and liabilities of operations classified as held for sale are as follows:

Trade and other receivables

Total assets held for sale

Trade and other payables

Total liabilities associated with assets held for sale

2010
£m

2009 
£m

–

–

–

–

5

5

5

5

Assets held for sale as at 31 December 2009 related to Reed Business Information’s US controlled circulation and other titles.

122 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

23 Trade and other payables

Payables and accruals
Deferred income

Total

24 Borrowings

Combined financial statements

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£m

1,276
1,308

2,584

2009 
£m

1,251
1,220

2,471

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost:

Short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper
Finance leases
Other loans

Other loans in fair value hedging relationships
Other loans previously in fair value hedging relationships

Total

Falling due
within
1 year
£m

2010

Falling due
in more
 than 1 year
£m

379
7
130
–
–

516

–
15
1,944
1,198
629

3,786

Falling due
within
1 year
£m

2009

Falling due 
in more 
than 1 year
£m

515
7
156
–
–

678

–
20
2,247
1,144
617

4,028

Total
£m

379
22
2,074
1,198
629

4,302

Total 
£m

515
27
2,403
1,144
617

4,706

The total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost is £2,796m (2009: £3,262m). The total fair value of other loans in fair 
value hedging relationships is £1,279m (2009: £1,257m). The total fair value of other loans previously in fair value hedging relationships is 
£685m (2009: £646m).

Analysis by year of repayment

2010

2009

Short term 
bank loans,
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
£m

379

–
–
–
–
–

–

379

Other
loans
£m

130

382
636
825
188
1,740

3,771

3,901

Finance
leases
£m

7

7
8
–
–
–

15

22

Short term 
bank loans, 
overdrafts and 
commercial
paper
£m

515

–
–
–
–
–

–

515

Total
£m

516

389
644
825
188
1,740

3,786

4,302

Other
loans
£m

156

342
431
633
779
1,823

4,008

4,164

Finance 
leases
£m

7

7
6
7
–
–

20

27

Total 
£m

678 

349
437
640
779
1,823

4,028

4,706

Within 1 year

Within 1 to 2 years
Within 2 to 3 years
Within 3 to 4 years
Within 4 to 5 years
After 5 years

Total

Short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper were backed up at 31 December 2010 by a $2,000m (£1,283m) committed bank 
facility maturing in June 2013, which was undrawn.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

24 Borrowings continued

Analysis by currency

2010

2009

Short term 
bank loans,
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
£m

225
–
123
31

379

Other
loans
£m

2,566
707
628
–

3,901

Finance
leases
£m

22
–
–
–

22

Short term 
bank loans, 
overdrafts and 
commercial
paper
£m

371
–
117
27

515

Total
£m

2,813
707
751
31

4,302

Other
loans
£m

2,828
691
645
–

4,164

Finance 
leases
£m

27
–
–
–

27

Total 
£m

3,226
691
762
27

4,706

US Dollars
£ Sterling
Euro
Other currencies

Total

Included in the US dollar amounts for other loans above is £364m (2009: £316m) of debt denominated in Swiss francs (CHF 500m;  
2009: CHF 500m) that was swapped into US dollars on issuance and against which there are related derivative financial instruments,  
which, as at 31 December 2010, had a fair value of £86m (2009: £48m).

25 Lease arrangements

Finance leases
At 31 December 2010 future finance lease obligations fall due as follows:

Within one year
In the second to fifth years inclusive

Less future finance charges

Total

Present value of future finance lease obligations payable:

Within one year
In the second to fifth years inclusive

Total

The fair value of the lease obligations approximates to their carrying amount.

2010
£m

2009 
£m

8
17

25
(3)

22

7
15

22

7
23

30
(3)

27

7
20

27

Operating leases
Reed Elsevier leases various properties, principally offices and warehouses, which have varying terms and renewal rights that are typical to 
the territory in which they are located.

At 31 December 2010 outstanding commitments under non-cancellable operating leases fall due as follows:

Within one year
In the second to fifth years inclusive
After five years

Total

Of the above outstanding commitments, £609m (2009: £677m) relate to land and buildings.

2010
£m

128
306
208

642

2009 
£m

140
354
229

723

124 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined financial statements

Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

25 Lease arrangements continued

Reed Elsevier has a number of properties that are sub-leased. The future lease receivables contracted with sub-tenants fall as follows:

Within one year
In the second to fifth years inclusive
After five years

Total

26 Provisions

At start of year
Charged
Utilised
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

17 
25
5

47

2010

Property Restructuring
£m

£m

89
36
(22)
2

105

106
31
(82)
(1)

54

Total
£m

195
67
(104)
1

159

2009

Property
£m

Restructuring 
£m

45
70
(20)
(6)

89

69
157
(114)
(6)

106

2009 
£m

17
36
7

60

Total 
£m

114
227
(134)
(12)

195

Property provisions relate to estimated sub-lease shortfalls and guarantees given in respect of certain property leases for various periods 
up to 2024. Restructuring provisions at 31 December 2010 principally relate to Reed Business Information.

At 31 December 2010 provisions are included within current and non-current liabilities as follows:

Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities

Total

27 Contingent liabilities and capital commitments

There are contingent liabilities amounting to £10m (2009: £22m) in respect of property lease guarantees. 

28 Combined share capitals

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

71
88

159

2010
£m

225
–
(1)

224

2009 
£m

134
61

195

2009 
£m

209
20
(4)

225

In July 2009, Reed Elsevier PLC placed 109,198,190 new ordinary shares at 405p per share for proceeds, net of issue costs, of £435m  
and Reed Elsevier NV placed 63,030,989 new ordinary shares at (cid:56)7.08 per share for net proceeds of (cid:56)441m. The number of shares issued 
represented 9.9% of the issued ordinary share capital of the respective parent companies prior to the placings. No share premium was 
recognised in Reed Elsevier PLC as the company took advantage of section 612 of the Companies Act 2006 regarding merger relief.

Combined share capitals exclude the shares of Reed Elsevier NV held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC.

Disclosures in respect of share capital are given in note 12 to the Reed Elsevier PLC consolidated financial statements and note 13 to the 
Reed Elsevier NV consolidated financial statements. 

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 125

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

29 Combined share premiums

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
£m

2,807
11 
(64)

2,754

2009 
£m

2,529
395
(117)

2,807

Combined share premiums exclude the share premium in respect of shares of Reed Elsevier NV held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC. 

30 Combined shares held in treasury

At 1 January 2009
Settlement of share awards
Exchange translation differences

At 1 January 2010
Settlement of share awards
Exchange translation differences

At 31 December 2010

Shares 
held
by EBT
£m

Shares held 
by parent  

companies
£m

232 
(57) 
–

175

(9) 
– 

166 

551 
–
(28) 

523 
– 
(12) 

511 

Total 
£m

783
(57)
(28)

698
(9)
(12)

677

At 31 December 2010, shares held in treasury related to 14,654,161 (2009: 15,350,605) Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares and 7,781,790 
(2009: 8,219,196) Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares held by the Reed Elsevier Group plc Employee Benefit Trust (EBT); and 34,196,298 
(2009: 34,196,298) Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares and 23,952,791 (2009: 23,952,791) Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares held by the 
respective parent companies.

The EBT purchases Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV shares which, at the trustees’ discretion, can be used in respect of the 
exercise of share options and to meet commitments under conditional share awards. 

31 Translation reserve

At start of year
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
Exchange translation differences on capital and reserves

At end of year

2010
£m

(100)
94
35

29

2009 
£m

(14)
(122)
36

(100)

126 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined financial statements

Notes to the combined financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

32 Other combined reserves

At start of year 
Profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders
Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes 
Cumulative fair value movements on disposals of available for sale investments
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Tax recognised directly in equity
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards
Transfer from hedge reserve to net profit (net of tax)
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Hedge
reserve
2010
£m

Other 
reserves
2010
£m

(65)
–
–
–
–
–
(58)
12
–
–
46
(2)

(67)

(437)
642
(483)
–
(63)
–
–
17
(7)
(9)
–
20

(320)

Total
2010
£m

(502)
642
(483)
–
(63)
–
(58)
29
(7)
(9)
46
18

(387)

Total 
2009 
£m

(988)
391
(457)
419
6
1
53
(25)
17
(60)
84
57

(502)

Other reserves principally comprise retained earnings, the share based remuneration reserve and available for sale investment reserve.

33 Related party transactions

Transactions between the Reed Elsevier combined businesses have been eliminated within the combined financial statements.  
Transactions with joint ventures were made on normal market terms of trading and comprise sales of goods and services of  
£1m (2009: £2m). As at 31 December 2010, amounts owed by joint ventures were £2m (2009: £4m). Key management personnel are  
also related parties and comprise the executive directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. Transactions with key management 
personnel are set out below.

Salaries and other short term employee benefits
Post employment benefits
Termination benefits
Share based remuneration

Total

34 Exchange rates

The following exchange rates have been applied in preparing the combined financial statements:

2010
£m

2009 
£m

5
1
–
(1)

5

6
1
1
1

9

Euro to sterling
US dollars to sterling

35 Approval of financial statements

Income statement

Statement of 
financial position

2010

1.17
1.55

2009

1.12
1.57

2010

1.17
1.56

2009

1.12
1.62

The combined financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Boards of directors of Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV on 16 February 2011.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 127

 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report
to the members of Reed Elsevier PLC and shareholders of Reed Elsevier NV

Report on the combined financial statements
We have audited the combined financial statements of Reed Elsevier 
PLC (registered in England and Wales), Reed Elsevier NV (registered 
in Amsterdam), Reed Elsevier Group plc (registered in England and 
Wales), Elsevier Reed Finance BV (registered in Amsterdam) and 
their respective subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (together 
“the combined businesses”), for the year ended 31 December 2010 
(“the combined financial statements”), which comprise the combined 
income statement, the combined statement of comprehensive 
income, the combined statement of cash flows, the combined 
statement of financial position, the combined statement of changes 
in equity, the accounting policies and the related notes 1 to 35.

Scope of the audit of the combined financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the combined financial statements sufficient to give 
reasonable assurance that the combined financial statements are 
free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. 
This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies  
are appropriate to the combined businesses’ circumstances  
and have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed;  
the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made  
by the directors; and the overall presentation of the combined 
financial statements.

Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
members of Reed Elsevier PLC and shareholders of Reed Elsevier 
NV those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s 
report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by 
law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other  
than Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV, and the members of  
Reed Elsevier PLC as a body and the shareholders of Reed Elsevier 
NV as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions 
we have formed.

Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, 
the directors are responsible for the preparation of the combined 
financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (“IFRS”) 
and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view and for 
such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable  
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ responsibilities
Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the 
combined financial statements in accordance with International 
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) as issued by the United 
Kingdom Auditing Practices Board, and Dutch law, including the 
Dutch Standards on Auditing. Those standards require us to comply 
with our respective professions’ ethical requirements, including  
the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, 
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement  
of the combined financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. 
In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal 
control relevant to the entity’s preparation of the combined financial 
statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate 
in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion on the combined financial statements
In our opinion the combined financial statements:

> 

 give a true and fair view of the state of the combined businesses’ 
affairs as at 31 December 2010 and of its profit for the year then 
ended; and

> 

 have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union

Other matter
We have also audited the information in the parts of the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report presented in the Reed Elsevier Annual 
Reports and Financial Statements (“the Remuneration Report”)  
that are described as having been audited. The separate audit 
reports on the consolidated financial statements of Reed Elsevier PLC 
and Reed Elsevier NV, which have been audited under locally 
adopted standards and which include the other opinions required  
by local laws and regulations, appear on pages 160 and 182.

Douglas King (Senior statutory auditor)
For and on behalf of
Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants 
and Statutory Auditor
London, United Kingdom
16 February 2011

A Sandler

Deloitte Accountants B.V.
Amsterdam 
The Netherlands
16 February 2011 

128 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Summary combined financial information in euros

130 Combined income statement

130 Combined statement of comprehensive income

131 Combined statement of cash flows

132 Combined statement of financial position

133 Combined statement of changes in equity

134 Notes to the summary combined financial information in euros

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 129

 
 
 
 
 
 
Introduction

The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements are presented in pounds sterling. This summary financial information presents the primary 
combined financial statements and selected notes in euros using the exchange rates provided in note 34 to the combined financial statements, 
except for significant transactions which are translated at the relevant spot rate.

Combined income statement

Note

1

1

For the year ended 31 December

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Selling and distribution costs
Administration and other expenses

Operating profit before joint ventures
Share of results of joint ventures

Operating profit

Finance income
Finance costs

Net finance costs

Disposals and other non operating items

Profit before tax
Taxation

Net profit for the year

Attributable to:
Parent companies’ shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Net profit for the year

Combined statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December

Net profit for the year

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve (net of tax)
Tax recognised directly in equity

Other comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income for the year

Attributable to:
Parent companies’ shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Total recognised income for the year

130 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

2010
(cid:19)m

7,084
(2,584)

4,500
(1,276)
(1,974)

1,250
25

1,275

9
(332)

(323)

(54)

898
(140)

758

751
7

758

2010
(cid:19)m

758

196
(74)
–
(68)
54
34

142

900

893
7

900

2009
(cid:56)m

6,800
(2,523)

4,277
(1,246)
(2,167)

864
17

881

8
(334)

(326)

(68)

487
(45)

442

438
4

442

2009
(cid:56)m

442

(50)
7
1
59
94
(28)

83

525

521
4

525

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Combined statement of cash flows

Summary combined financial information in euros

For the year ended 31 December

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest paid
Interest received
Tax paid (net)

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisitions
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets
Purchase of investments
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
Net proceeds/(costs) from other disposals
Dividends received from joint ventures

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to shareholders of the parent companies
Distributions to non-controlling interests
(Decrease)/increase in short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper 
Issuance of other loans
Repayment of other loans
Repayment of finance leases
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares

Net cash used in financing activities

Note

4

4

2010
(cid:19)m

1,929
(345)
9
(10)

1,583

(58)
(97)
(267)
(6)
8
7
28

(385)

(565)
(9)
(168)
–
(461)
(8)
13

(1,198)

2009
(cid:56)m

1,796
(338)
10
(134)

1,334

(106)
(87)
(184)
(3)
4
(2)
26

(352)

(512)
(3)
120
2,024
(3,206)
(2)
934

(645)

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

4

–

337

Movement in cash and cash equivalents
At start of year
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

822
–
46

868

386
337
99

822

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Non-current assets
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Investments in joint ventures
Other investments
Property, plant and equipment
Net pension assets
Deferred tax assets

Current assets
Inventories and pre-publication costs
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Assets held for sale

Total assets

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Derivative financial instruments
Borrowings
Taxation
Provisions

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Deferred tax liabilities
Net pension obligations
Provisions

Liabilities associated with assets held for sale

Total liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Combined share capitals
Combined share premiums
Combined shares held in treasury
Translation reserve
Other combined reserves

Combined shareholders’ equity
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Note

2

4

5

6

5

2
6

7
8
9

10

2010
(cid:19)m

5,196
4,045
159
56
341
64
177

10,038

267
1,725
157
868

3,017

–

2009
(cid:56)m

4,860
4,068
151
46
327
123
233

9,808

308
1,671
79
822

2,880

6

13,055

12,694

3,023
94
604
755
83

4,559

4,430
1,395
263
103

6,191

–

2,768
114
759
536
150

4,327

4,511
1,425
386
69

6,391

6

10,750

2,305

10,724

1,970

262
3,222
(792)
229
(648)

2,273
32

2,305

252
3,144
(782)
79
(753)

1,940
30

1,970

132 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Combined statement of changes in equity

Summary combined financial information in euros

Combined 
share 
capitals
(cid:19)m

Combined
share
premiums
(cid:19)m

Combined
shares held
in treasury 
(cid:19)m

Translation
reserve
(cid:19)m

Other

Combined
combined shareholders’
 equity
(cid:19)m

reserves
(cid:19)m

Balance at 1 January 2010
Total comprehensive

income for the year

Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, 
net of expenses
Decrease in share based 
remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards
Exchange differences 

on translation of  
capital and reserves

Balance at 31 December 2010

Balance at 1 January 2009
Total comprehensive

income for the year

Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, 
net of expenses
Increase in share based 
remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards
Exchange differences 

on translation of  
capital and reserves

Balance at 31 December 2009

252

3,144

(782)

–
–

–

–
–

10

262

215

–
–

22

–
–

15

252

–
–

13

–
–

–
–

–

–
11

65

3,222

(21)

(792)

2,605

(806)

–
–

442

–
–

–
–

–

–
64

97

3,144

(40)

(782)

79

196
–

–

–
–

(46)

229

174

(50)
–

–

–
–

(45)

79

(753)

1,940

697
(565)

–

(8)
(11)

(8)

(648)

(1,207)

571
(512)

470

19
(67)

(27)

(753)

893
(565)

13

(8)
–

–

2,273

981

521
(512)

934

19
(3)

–

1,940

Non- 
controlling
interests
(cid:19)m

30

7
(9)

–

–
–

4

32

29

4
(3)

–

–
–

–

30

Total equity 
(cid:19)m

1,970

900
(574)

13

(8)
–

4

2,305

1,010

525
(515)

934

19
(3)

–

1,970

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 133

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

1 Segment analysis

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Sub-total
Corporate costs
Unallocated net pension credit

Total

Revenue

Operating profit

Adjusted operating profit

2010
(cid:19)m

2,370
3,063
811
840

7,084
–
–

7,084

2009
(cid:56)m

2,223
2,864
715
998

6,800 
–
–

6,800

2010
(cid:19)m

757
379
149
–

1,285
(40)
30

1,275

2009
(cid:56)m

631
377
88
(183)

913
(39)
7

881

2010
(cid:19)m

847
693
185
104

1,829
(40)
30

1,819

2009 
(cid:56)m

776
745
170 
99 

1,790 
(39)
7

1,758 

Revenue is analysed before the (cid:56)136m (2009: (cid:56)132m) share of joint ventures’ revenue, of which (cid:56)28m (2009: (cid:56)28m) relates to LexisNexis, 
principally to Giuffrè, (cid:56)104m (2009: (cid:56)101m) relates to Reed Exhibitions, principally to exhibition joint ventures, and (cid:56)4m (2009: (cid:56)3m) relates  
to Reed Business Information.

Share of post-tax results of joint ventures of (cid:56)25m (2009: (cid:56)17m) included in operating profit comprises (cid:56)5m (2009: (cid:56)5m) relating to LexisNexis, 
(cid:56)19m (2009: (cid:56)11m) relating to Reed Exhibitions and (cid:56)1m (2009: (cid:56)1m) relating to Reed Business Information. The unallocated net pension 
credit of (cid:56)30m (2009: (cid:56)7m) comprises the expected return on pension scheme assets of (cid:56)254m (2009: (cid:56)212m) less interest on pension 
scheme liabilities of (cid:56)224m (2009: (cid:56)205m).

Analysis of revenue by geographical origin

North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world

Total

Analysis of revenue by geographical market

North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world

Total

Analysis of revenue by type

Subscriptions
Circulation/transactions
Advertising
Exhibitions
Other

Total

2010
(cid:19)m

3,759
1,061
726
965
573

7,084

2010
(cid:19)m

3,864
573
239
1,323
1,085

7,084

2010
(cid:19)m

3,170
2,059
574
790
491

7,084

2009 
(cid:56)m

3,615
1,005 
742
953 
485 

6,800

2009 
(cid:56)m

3,707
575 
272
1,268 
978 

6,800

2009 
(cid:56)m

3,037
1,913
655
701
494

6,800

134 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Summary combined financial information in euros

Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

1 Segment analysis continued

Expenditure on
acquired goodwill and
intangible assets

Capital
expenditure
additions

Amortisation and impairment 
of acquired intangible
assets and goodwill

Depreciation and 
other amortisation

2010
(cid:19)m

15
41
7
1

64

2009
(cid:56)m

5
8
13
–

26

2010
(cid:19)m

95
246
14
14

369

2009
(cid:56)m

86
168
13
21

288

2010
(cid:19)m

88
258
27
35

408

2009
(cid:56)m

87
259
70
194

610

2010
(cid:19)m

87
144
16
30

277

2009 
(cid:56)m

90
120
8
32

250

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information

Total

Capital expenditure comprises additions to property, plant and equipment and internally developed intangible assets. Amortisation and 
impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill includes amounts in respect of joint ventures of (cid:56)4m (2009: (cid:56)13m) in Reed Exhibitions. 
Other than the depreciation, amortisation and impairment above, non cash items include (cid:56)8m credit (2009: (cid:56)19m charge) relating to  
the recognition of share based remuneration and comprise (cid:56)2m credit (2009: (cid:56)5m charge) in Elsevier, (cid:56)1m charge (2009: (cid:56)8m charge)  
in LexisNexis, (cid:56)1m credit (2009: (cid:56)2m charge) in Reed Exhibitions, (cid:56)4m credit (2009: (cid:56)2m charge) in Reed Business Information and (cid:56)2m credit 
(2009: (cid:56)2m charge) in Corporate.

Total assets

2010
(cid:19)m

2009 
(cid:56)m

O
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v
e
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O
u
r
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n
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s
s

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F
n
a
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c
a

i

Business segment
Elsevier
LexisNexis
Reed Exhibitions
Reed Business Information 

Sub-total
Taxation
Cash and cash equivalents
Net pension assets
Assets held for sale
Other assets

Total

Geographical location
North America
United Kingdom
The Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Rest of world

Total

3,359
6,928
797
533

11,617
177
868
64
–
329

13,055

8,840
1,092
999
1,587
537

l

r
e
v
e
w

i

G
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e

3,265
6,576
815
613 

11,269
233
822
123
6
241

12,694

8,478
1,304
769
1,685
458

13,055

12,694

Investments in joint ventures of (cid:56)159m (2009: (cid:56)151m) included in segment assets above comprise (cid:56)44m (2009: (cid:56)42m) relating to LexisNexis, 
(cid:56)108m (2009: (cid:56)103m) relating to Reed Exhibitions and (cid:56)7m (2009: (cid:56)6m) relating to Reed Business Information.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 135

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

2 Pension schemes

The pension expense recognised within the income statement comprises:

Service cost (including curtailment credits of (cid:56)20m (2009: (cid:56)48m)) 
Interest on pension scheme liabilities
Expected return on scheme assets

Net defined benefit pension expense
Defined contribution pension expense

Total pension expense

2010
(cid:19)m

56
224
(254)

26
37 

63

2009 
(cid:56)m

27
205
(212)

20
27

47

The amount recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension schemes at the start and end of the year 
and the movements during the year were as follows:

At start of year
Service cost 
Interest on pension scheme liabilities
Expected return on scheme assets
Actuarial (loss)/gain
Contributions by employer
Contributions by employees
Benefits paid
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Defined
benefit
obligations
(cid:19)m

2010

Fair value
of scheme
assets
(cid:19)m

Net
pension
obligations
(cid:19)m

Defined
benefit
obligations
(cid:56)m

2009

Fair value
of scheme
assets
(cid:56)m

Net 
pension 
obligations 
(cid:56)m

(3,698)
(56)
(224)
–
(306)
–
(13)
163
(168)

(4,302)

3,435
–
–
254
232
180
13
(163)
152

4,103

(263)
(56)
(224)
254
(74)
180
–
–
(16)

(199)

(3,143)
 (27)
(205)
–
 (330)
 –
 (13)
 150
(130)

 (3,698)

2,763
–
–
212
337
113
13
(150)
147

3,435

(380)
(27)
(205)
212
7
113
–
–
(17)

(263)

The net pension obligations of (cid:56)199m (2009: (cid:56)263m) at 31 December 2010 comprise schemes in deficit with net pension obligations of  
(cid:56)263m (2009: (cid:56)386m) and schemes in surplus with net pension assets of (cid:56)64m (2009: (cid:56)123m).

As at 31 December 2010 the defined benefit obligations comprise (cid:56)4,131m (2009: (cid:56)3,553m) in relation to funded schemes and (cid:56)171m 
(2009: (cid:56)145m) in relation to unfunded schemes.

136 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Summary combined financial information in euros

Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

3 Adjusted figures

Reed Elsevier uses adjusted figures as additional performance measures. Adjusted figures are stated before amortisation and impairment  
of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, disposal gains and loses and other  
non operating items, related tax effects and movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in the 
near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. Adjusted operating profit 
is also grossed up to exclude the equity share of taxes in joint ventures. Exceptional restructuring costs in 2010 relate to the restructuring of 
the Reed Business Information business and in 2009 relate to the exceptional restructuring programmes across Reed Elsevier. Acquisition 
related costs relate to acquisition integration and, from 2010, professional and other transaction related fees and adjustments to deferred 
and contingent consideration.

Adjusted operating cash flow is measured after net capital expenditure and dividends from joint ventures but before payments in relation  
to exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs.

O
v
e
r
v
e
w

i

O
u
r
b
u
s
n
e
s
s

i

Operating profit
Adjustments:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures

Adjusted operating profit

Profit before tax
Adjustments:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Reclassification of tax in joint ventures
Disposals and other non operating items

Adjusted profit before tax

Profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders
Adjustments (post tax):

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax credits on acquired intangible assets not expected to crystallise in the near term 

2010
(cid:19)m

1,275

408
–
67
58
11

2009 
(cid:56)m

881

412
198
204
54
9

1,819

1,758

898

408
–
67
58
11
54

487

412
198
204
54
9
68

1,496

1,432

751

394
–
44
35
43
(117)

438

460
152
149
37
(25)
(112)

Adjusted profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders   

1,150

1,099

Cash generated from operations
Dividends received from joint ventures
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
Expenditure on internally developed intangible assets
Payments in relation to exceptional restructuring costs
Payments in relation to acquisition related costs

Adjusted operating cash flow

1,929
28
(97)
8
(267)
116
60

1,777

1,796
26
(87)
4
(184)
139
51

1,745

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a
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m
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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 137

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

4 Statement of cash flows

Reconciliation of operating profit before joint ventures to cash generated from operations

Operating profit before joint ventures

Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill  
Amortisation of internally developed intangible assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Share based remuneration

Total non cash items

Decrease in inventories and pre-publication costs
Decrease in receivables
Decrease in payables

Decrease in working capital

Cash generated from operations

Cash flow on acquisitions

Purchase of businesses
Payment of ChoicePoint change of control and other non operating payables assumed
Deferred payments relating to prior year acquisitions

Total

2010
(cid:19)m

1,250

404
185
92
(8)

673

40
28
(62)

6

2009
(cid:56)m

864

597 
156
94
19

866

53
125
(112)

66

1,929

1,796

2010
(cid:19)m

(44)
(8)
(6)

(58)

2009 
(cid:56)m

(10)
(63)
(33)

(106)

Reconciliation of net borrowings

At start of year 

Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Net movement in short term bank loans, overdrafts 

and commercial paper

Issuance of other loans
Repayment of other loans
Repayment of finance leases

Change in net borrowings resulting from cash flows

Inception of finance leases
Fair value adjustments to borrowings and related derivatives
Exchange translation differences

Cash & cash
equivalents
(cid:19)m

Borrowings
(cid:19)m

Related 
derivative 
financial 
instruments
(cid:19)m

2010
(cid:19)m

2009 
(cid:56)m

822

(5,270)

46

(4,402)

(5,898)

–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
46

–

168
–
461
8

637

(2)
(61)
(338)

–

–
–
–
–

–

–
74
3

–

168
–
461
8

637

(2)
13
(289)

337

(120)
(2,024)
3,206
2

1,401

(29)
12
112

At end of year

868

(5,034)

123

(4,043)

(4,402)

Net borrowings comprise cash and cash equivalents, loan capital, finance leases, promissory notes, bank and other loans, and those 
derivative financial instruments that are used to hedge the fair value of fixed rate borrowings.

Cash and cash equivalents include (cid:56)5m (2009: (cid:56)6m) held in trust to satisfy liabilities in respect of change of control obligations related to  
the acquisition of ChoicePoint.

138 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Summary combined financial information in euros

Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

5 Borrowings

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost:

Short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper
Finance leases
Other loans

Other loans in fair value hedging relationships
Other loans previously in fair value hedging relationships

Total

Falling due
within
1 year
(cid:19)m

2010

Falling due
in more
than 1 year
(cid:19)m

444
8
152
–
–

604

–
18
2,274
1,402
736

4,430

Falling due
within
1 year
(cid:56)m

2009

Falling due
in more 
than 1 year
(cid:56)m

577
8
174
–
–

759

–
22
2,517
1,281
691

4,511

Total
(cid:19)m

444
26
2,426
1,402
736

5,034

Total 
(cid:56)m

577
30
2,691
1,281
691

5,270

The total fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortised cost is (cid:56)3,271m (2009: (cid:56)3,653m). The total fair value of other loans in fair  
value hedging relationships is (cid:56)1,496m (2009: (cid:56)1,408m). The total fair value of other loans previously in fair value hedging relationships is  
(cid:56)801m (2009: (cid:56)724m).

Analysis by year of repayment

2010

2009

Short term
bank loans,
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
(cid:19)m

444

–
–
–
–
–

–

444

Other
loans
(cid:19)m

152

447
744
965
220
2,036

4,412

4,564

Finance
leases
(cid:19)m

8

8
10
–
–
–

18

26

Short term
bank loans, 
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
(cid:56)m

577

–
–
–
–
–

–

577

Total
(cid:19)m

604

455
754
965
220
2,036

4,430

5,034

Other
loans
(cid:56)m

174

383
483
709
872
2,042

4,489

4,663

Finance 
leases
(cid:56)m

8

7
7
8
–
–

22 

30

Total 
(cid:56)m

759

390
490
717
872
2,042

4,511

5,270

Within 1 year

Within 1 to 2 years
Within 2 to 3 years
Within 3 to 4 years
Within 4 to 5 years
After 5 years

Total

Short term bank loans, overdrafts and commercial paper were backed up at 31 December 2010 by a $2,000m ((cid:56)1,501m) committed bank 
facility maturing in June 2013, which was undrawn.

Analysis by currency

2010

2009

Short term
bank loans,
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
(cid:19)m

263
–
144
37

444

Other
loans
(cid:19)m

3,002
827
735
–

 4,564

Finance
leases
(cid:19)m

26
–
–
–

26

Short term
bank loans, 
overdrafts and
commercial
paper
(cid:56)m

416
–
131
30

577

Total
(cid:19)m

3,291
827
879
37

5,034

Other
loans
(cid:56)m

3,167
774
722
–

4,663 

Finance 
leases
(cid:56)m

30
–
–
–

30

Total 
(cid:56)m

3,613
774
853
30

5,270

US Dollars
£ Sterling
Euro
Other currencies

Total

Included in the US dollar amounts for other loans above is (cid:56)425m (2009: (cid:56)354m) of debt denominated in Swiss francs (CHF 500m;  
2009: CHF 500m) that was swapped into US dollars on issuance and against which there are related derivative financial instruments  
which, as at 31 December 2010, had a fair value of (cid:56)100m (2009: (cid:56)53m).

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 139

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

6 Provisions

At start of year
Charged
Utilised
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010

Property Restructuring
(cid:19)m

(cid:19)m

99
42
(26)
8

123

120
36
(96)
3

63

Total
(cid:19)m

219
78
(122)
11

186

2009

Property
(cid:56)m

Restructuring 
(cid:56)m

46
78
(22)
(3)

99

71
176
(128)
1

120

Total 
(cid:56)m

117
254
(150)
(2)

219

Property provisions relate to estimated sub-lease shortfalls and guarantees given in respect of certain property leases for various periods up to 
2024. Restructuring provisions at 31 December 2010 principally relate to Reed Business Information.

At 31 December 2010 provisions are included within current and non-current liabilities as follows:

Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities

Total

7 Combined share capitals

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
(cid:19)m

83
103

186

2010
(cid:19)m

252
–
10

262

2009 
(cid:56)m

150
69

219

2009 
(cid:56)m

215
22
15

252

In July 2009, Reed Elsevier PLC placed 109,198,190 new ordinary shares at 405p per share for proceeds, net of issue costs, of £435m  
and Reed Elsevier NV issued 63,030,989 new ordinary shares at (cid:56)7.08 per share for net proceeds of (cid:56)441m. The number of shares issued 
represented 9.9% of the issued ordinary share capital of the respective parent companies prior to the placings. No share premium was 
recognised in Reed Elsevier PLC as the company took advantage of section 612 of the Companies Act 2006 regarding merger relief.

Combined share capitals exclude the shares of Reed Elsevier NV held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC.

8 Combined share premiums

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
(cid:19)m

3,144
13
65

3,222

2009 
(cid:56)m

2,605
442
97

3,144

Combined share premiums exclude the share premium in respect of shares of Reed Elsevier NV held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC.

140 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Summary combined financial information in euros

Notes to the summary combined financial 
information in euros

9 Combined shares held in treasury

At 1 January 2009
Settlement of share awards
Exchange translation differences

At 1 January 2010
Settlement of share awards
Exchange translation differences

At 31 December 2010

10 Other combined reserves

At start of year 
Profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders
Dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Tax recognised directly in equity
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards
Transfer from hedge reserve to net profit (net of tax)
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

11 Exchange rates

Sterling to euro
US dollars to euro

Shares
held
by EBT
(cid:19)m

Shares held 
by parent 
companies
(cid:19)m

239
(64)
21

196
(11)
9

194

Hedge
reserve
2010
(cid:19)m

Other
reserves
2010
(cid:19)m

(73)
–
–
–
–
–
(68)
14
–
–
54
(6)

(79)

(680)
751
(565)
–
(74)
–
–
20
(8)
(11)
–
(2)

(569)

567
–
19

586
–
12

598

Total
2010
(cid:19)m

(753)
751
(565)
–
(74)
–
(68)
34
(8)
(11)
54
(8)

(648)

Total 
(cid:19)m

806
(64)
40

782
(11)
21

792

Total
2009
(cid:56)m

(1,207)
438
(512)
470
7
1
59
(28)
19
(67)
94
(27)

(753)

Income statement

Statement of  
financial position

2010

0.85
1.32

2009

0.89
1.40

2010

0.85
1.33

2009

0.89
1.44

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 141

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reed Elsevier PLC annual report and financial statements

143 Directors’ report

148 Consolidated financial statements

152 Group accounting policies

153 Notes to the consolidated financial statements

160   Independent auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements

161 Parent company financial statements

162 Parent company accounting policies

162 Notes to the parent company financial statements

163   Independent auditors’ report on the parent company financial statements

164 5 year summary

Company number: 77536

142 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ report

The directors present their report, together with the financial 
statements of the group and company, for the year ended  
31 December 2010.

As a consequence of the merger of the company’s businesses  
with those of Reed Elsevier NV in 1993, described on page 56,  
the shareholders of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV can  
be regarded as having the interests of a single economic group.  
The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements represent the 
combined interests of both sets of shareholders and encompass the 
businesses of Reed Elsevier Group plc, Elsevier Reed Finance BV  
and their respective subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, 
together with the parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed 
Elsevier NV (“the combined businesses” or “Reed Elsevier”). This 
directors’ report and the financial statements of the group and 
company should be read in conjunction with the combined financial 
statements and other reports set out on pages 4 to 128. A review  
of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses and their performance  
in the year is set out on pages 8 to 37, a summary of the principal 
risks facing Reed Elsevier is set out on pages 50 to 52, and the  
Reed Elsevier statement on Corporate Responsibility is set out on 
pages 38 to 41.

Principal activities
The company is a holding company and its principal investments 
are its direct 50% shareholding in Reed Elsevier Group plc and  
39% shareholding in Elsevier Reed Finance BV, which are engaged 
in publishing and information activities and financing activities 
respectively. The remaining shareholdings in these two companies 
are held by Reed Elsevier NV. Reed Elsevier PLC also has an  
indirect equity interest in Reed Elsevier NV. Reed Elsevier PLC and 
Reed Elsevier NV have retained their separate legal identities and  
are publicly held companies. Reed Elsevier PLC’s securities are 
listed in London and New York and Reed Elsevier NV’s securities  
are listed in Amsterdam and New York.

Financial statement presentation
The consolidated financial statements of Reed Elsevier PLC include 
the 52.9% economic interest that shareholders have under the 
equalisation arrangements in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses, 
accounted for on an equity basis.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, dividends paid to  
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders are,  
other than in special circumstances, equalised at the gross level 
inclusive of the UK tax credit received by certain Reed Elsevier PLC 
shareholders. Because of the tax credit, Reed Elsevier PLC normally 
requires proportionately less cash to fund its net dividend than  
Reed Elsevier NV does to fund its gross dividend. An adjustment  
is therefore required in the consolidated income statement  
of Reed Elsevier PLC to share this tax benefit between the  
two sets of shareholders in accordance with the equalisation 
agreement. The equalisation adjustment arises on dividends  
paid by Reed Elsevier PLC to its shareholders and it reduced  
the consolidated attributable earnings by £13m (2009: £12m),  
being 47.1% of the total amount of the tax credit.

Reed Elsevier PLC

In addition to the reported figures, adjusted profit figures are 
presented as additional performance measures used by 
management. These exclude the tax credit equalisation adjustment 
and, in relation to the results of joint ventures, the company’s share 
of amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and 
goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, 
disposal gains and losses and other non operating items, related  
tax effects and movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities 
not expected to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit 
of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and 
intangible assets.

Consolidated income statement
Reed Elsevier PLC’s shareholders’ 52.9% share of the adjusted profit 
before tax of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses was £677m,  
the same as the 2009 level. Reported profit before tax, including the 
Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders’ share of amortisation and impairment 
charges, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs and 
disposals and other non operating items, was £328m (2009: £201m). 
The increase largely reflects the intangible asset and goodwill 
impairment charges in the prior year and lower exceptional 
restructuring spend in 2010 compared to the prior year. Elsevier saw 
continued growth although at a lower rate than the prior year due to  
a constrained customer budget environment. The LexisNexis risk 
business saw strong growth, driven by the insurance sector and the 
return to growth in more cyclical markets. The LexisNexis legal and 
professional businesses saw a small underlying revenue decline 
reflecting the impact on renewals and print product of the low levels  
of law firm activity and employment. Reed Exhibitions benefited from  
a net cycling in of biennial exhibitions and a return to growth in annual 
exhibitions in the second half of the year. Reed Business Information 
saw good growth in data services and online marketing solutions  
and significantly moderated declines in advertising markets, while  
the portfolio was reshaped through disposals and closures and  
costs significantly reduced. The adjusted operating margin declined  
0.2 percentage points reflecting increased spend on product 
development, sales & marketing and infrastructure, largely offset  
by tight cost control and the incremental benefits from the earlier 
restructuring programmes.

Reed Elsevier PLC’s shareholders’ share of the adjusted profit 
attributable of the combined businesses was £520m, up from £519m  
in 2009. After deducting the company’s share of the post tax charge 
for amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and 
goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, 
disposal gains and losses and other non operating items and deferred 
taxes not expected to crystallise in the near term, the reported net 
profit for the year was £327m, up from £195m in 2009.

Adjusted earnings per share decreased 5% to 43.4p (2009: 45.9p).  
At constant rates of exchange, the adjusted earnings per share were 
6% lower. Including the effect of the tax credit equalisation as well  
as amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and 
goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, 
disposal gains and losses and other non operating items, and tax 
adjustments, the basic earnings per share was 27.3p (2009: 17.2p).

Consolidated statement of financial position
The consolidated statement of financial position of Reed Elsevier PLC 
reflects its 52.9% economic interest in the net assets of Reed Elsevier 
which as at 31 December 2010 was £1,028m (2009: £916m). The 
£112m increase in net assets reflects the company’s share in the 
attributable profits of Reed Elsevier partially offset by dividends paid.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 143

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Directors’ report continued

Dividends
The board is recommending an equalised final dividend of 15.0p  
per ordinary share, unchanged from the prior year. This gives total 
ordinary dividends for the year of 20.4p (2009: 20.4p), unchanged on 
2009. The final dividend will be paid on 17 May 2011 to shareholders 
on the Register on 26 April 2011.

Dividend cover, based on adjusted earnings per share and the  
total interim and proposed final dividends for the year, is 2.1 times. 
The boards of the company and Reed Elsevier NV have adopted 
dividend policies in recent years in respect of their equalised 
dividends that, subject to currency considerations, grow dividends 
broadly in line with adjusted earnings per share whilst maintaining 
dividend cover (being the number of times the annual dividend is 
covered by the adjusted earnings per share) of at least two times 
over the longer term.

The total dividend paid on the ordinary shares in the financial year 
was £245m (2009: £228m).

Parent company financial statements
The individual parent company financial statements of Reed Elsevier 
PLC are presented on pages 161 to 163, and are prepared under  
UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (UK GAAP). Parent 
company shareholders’ funds as at 31 December 2010 were 
£2,791m (2009: £2,444m).

Corporate Governance
The company has complied throughout the year with the provisions 
of the Combined Code on Corporate Governance issued in  
June 2008 (the “UK Code”). The UK Code is publicly available at 
www.frc.org.uk. Details of how the principles of the UK Code have 
been applied and the directors’ statement on internal control are  
set out in the Structure and Corporate Governance report on 
pages 56 to 61.

In May 2010 the Financial Reporting Council issued The UK 
Corporate Governance Code (“the New UK Code”), which replaces  
the UK Code for financial years beginning on or after 29 June 2010. 
The New UK Code will, therefore, apply in respect of the company’s 
financial year beginning 1 January 2011.

Details of the role and responsibilities, membership and activities  
of the Reed Elsevier Audit Committees, including the company’s 
Audit Committee, are set out in the Report of the Audit Committees 
on pages 81 to 84.

Directors
The following served as directors of the company during the year:

A J Habgood (Chairman)
E Engstrom (Chief Executive Officer)
M H Armour (Chief Financial Officer)
M W Elliott
L Hook
R B Polet
A Prozes (Retired 31 December 2010)
D E Reid (senior independent director)
Lord Sharman of Redlynch OBE
B van der Veer

144 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

Biographical details of the directors at the date of this report are 
given on pages 54 and 55.

Directors are appointed in accordance with the Articles of Association, 
which provides that any director appointed during the year holds 
office only until the next following Annual General Meeting and is then 
eligible for election by the shareholders. The company’s Articles of 
Association provide that at every Annual General Meeting of the 
company, one third of the directors (or if their number is not a multiple 
of three the number nearest to one third) shall retire from office and,  
if they wish, put themselves up for re-election by the shareholders. 
The New UK Code, applicable in respect of the company’s financial 
year beginning 1 January 2011, recommends that all directors should 
seek re-election by shareholders annually. Accordingly, the board 
intends to implement this provision with effect from the Annual 
General Meeting to be held in April 2011.

The office of director shall be vacated if he or she: (i) resigns; (ii) 
becomes bankrupt or compounds with his or her creditors generally; 
(iii) is or may be suffering from a mental illness; (iv) is prohibited by law 
from being a director; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to the 
company’s Articles of Association. Subject to the shareholders’ rights 
to appoint individuals to the board in accordance with the company’s 
Articles of Association, no individual may be appointed to the board 
unless such appointment is recommended by the Nominations 
Committee.

Lord Sharman will retire as a director at the conclusion of the  
Annual General Meeting in April 2011, and will not seek re-election.  
In accordance with the provisions of the New UK Code, all other 
directors will retire from the board at the Annual General Meeting in 
2011 and, being eligible, they will each offer themselves for re-election. 
Taking into account the assessment by the Corporate Governance 
Committee of the qualifications, performance and effectiveness of 
each individual director seeking re-election, the board has accepted a 
recommendation from the Nominations Committee that each director 
be proposed for re-election at the 2011 Annual General Meeting.

The board, in conjunction with external recruitment consultants,  
has been conducting a search for a suitable candidate as a  
non-executive director and, on the recommendation of the 
Nominations Committee, Adrian Hennah will be proposed for 
appointment as a non-executive director of Reed Elsevier PLC and 
as a member of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV at the 
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV Annual General Meetings  
in April 2011. Mr Hennah was appointed chief financial officer of  
Smith & Nephew plc in 2006. He has over 25 years’ experience  
in finance and operations in the medical devices, technology and 
pharmaceuticals industries, and will bring highly relevant experience 
to the board discussions. Subject to his appointment at the Annual 
General Meetings, he will also be appointed a non-executive director 
of Reed Elsevier Group plc and a member of the Audit Committees 
and of the Corporate Governance Committee.

The notice period applicable to the service contracts of E Engstrom 
and M H Armour is 12 months. The remaining directors seeking 
re-appointment at the 2011 Annual General Meeting do not have 
service contracts.

Details of directors’ remuneration and their interests in the share 
capital of the company are provided in the Directors’ Remuneration 
Report on pages 62 to 80.

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Directors’ report continued

Reed Elsevier PLC

Share capital
The company’s issued share capital comprises a single class of 
ordinary shares, all of which are listed on the London Stock Exchange. 
All issued shares are fully paid up and carry no additional obligations 
or special rights. Each share carries the right to one vote at general 
meetings of the company. In a general meeting, subject to any rights 
and restrictions attached to any shares, on a show of hands every 
member who is present in person shall have one vote and every 
proxy present who has been duly appointed by one or more 
members entitled to vote on the resolution has one vote (although  
a proxy has one vote for and one vote against the resolution if:  
(i) the proxy has been duly appointed by more than one member 
entitled to vote on the resolution; and (ii) the proxy has been 
instructed by one or more of those members to vote for the 
resolution and by one or more other of those members to vote 
against it). Subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any 
shares, on a vote on a resolution on a poll every member present  
in person or by proxy shall have one vote for every share of which  
he is the holder. Proxy appointments and voting instructions must  
be received by the company’s registrars not less than 48 hours 
before a general meeting. There are no specific restrictions on  
the size of a holding nor on the transfer of shares, which are both 
governed by the general provisions of the Articles of Association and 
prevailing legislation. The company is not aware of any agreements 
between shareholders that may result in restrictions on the transfer 
of shares or on voting rights attached to the shares.

At the 2010 Annual General Meeting, shareholders passed a 
resolution authorising the directors to allot shares up to a nominal 
value of £9m, representing less than 5% of the company’s issued 
share capital. Since the 2010 Annual General Meeting no shares 
have been issued under this authority. The shareholder authority also 
permitted the directors to allot shares in order to satisfy entitlements 
under employee share plans, and details of such allotments are noted 
below. The authority to allot shares will expire at the 2011 Annual 
General Meeting, and a resolution to further extend the authority will 
be submitted to the shareholders at the 2011 Annual General Meeting.

During the year, 2,010,391 ordinary shares in the company were 
issued in order to satisfy entitlements under employee share plans 
as follows:

Substantial share interests
As at 16 February 2011, the company had been notified by the 
following shareholders that they held an interest of 3% or more 
in voting rights of the issued share capital of the company:

> Legal & General Group plc
> Silchester International Investors Limited

4.30%
3.03%

The percentage interests stated above are as disclosed at the date 
on which the interests were notified to the company.

In addition to the interests noted above, the company is aware  
that as at the year end Scottish Widows Investment Partnership 
held, approximately, a 4.83% shareholding in the company and 
BlackRock Group held, approximately, a 4.22% shareholding in 
the company.

Employee benefit trust
The Trustee of the Reed Elsevier Group plc Employee Benefit  
Trust held an interest in 14,654,161 ordinary shares in the  
company (representing 1.17% of the issued ordinary shares) as  
at 31 December 2010. The Trustee may vote or abstain from voting 
any shares it holds in any way it sees fit.

Significant agreements – change of control
The Governing Agreement between Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV states that upon a change of control of  
Reed Elsevier PLC (for these purposes, the acquisition by a third 
party of 50% or more of the issued share capital having voting 
rights), should there not be a comparable offer from the offeror  
for Reed Elsevier NV, Reed Elsevier NV may serve notice upon  
Reed Elsevier PLC varying certain provisions of the Governing 
Agreement, including the governance and the standstill provisions.

There are a number of borrowing agreements including credit 
facilities that in the event of a change of control of both Reed 
Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV and, in some cases, a 
consequential credit rating downgrade to sub-investment grade 
may, at the option of the lenders, require repayment and/or 
cancellation as appropriate.

> 704,655 under a UK SAYE share option scheme at prices 

between 377.6p and 504.0p per share.

> 1,305,736 under executive share option schemes at prices 

between 451.5p and 534.0p per share.

The issued share capital as at 31 December 2010 is shown in  
note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.

Authority to purchase shares  
At the 2010 Annual General Meeting, shareholders passed a 
resolution authorising the purchase of up to 124.7 million ordinary 
shares in the company (representing less than 10% of the issued 
ordinary shares) by market purchase. No shares were purchased 
under this authority during the year. As at 31 December 2010 there 
were 34,196,298 ordinary shares held in treasury, representing  
2.74% of the issued ordinary shares. The authority to make market 
purchases will expire at the 2011 Annual General Meeting, and a 
resolution to further extend the authority will be submitted to the 
shareholders at the 2011 Annual General Meeting.

Powers of directors
Subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 2006, the 
company’s Articles of Association and any directions given by 
special resolutions, the business of the company shall be managed 
by the board which may exercise all the powers of the company.

Directors’ indemnity
In accordance with the company’s Articles of Association, the 
company has granted directors an indemnity, to the extent permitted 
by law, in respect of liabilities incurred as a result of their office.  
The company also purchased and maintained throughout the  
year Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance in respect of itself  
and its directors.

Related party transactions
Internal controls are in place to ensure that any related party 
transactions involving directors or their connected persons are 
carried out on an arm’s length basis and are properly recorded.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 145

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Directors’ report continued

Conflict of interest
The company’s Articles of Association permit the board to approve 
situations where a director has an interest that conflicts, or may 
possibly conflict, with the interests of the company. The board has 
established a formal system whereby the Nominations Committee 
considers and decides whether to authorise any such conflict or 
potential conflict, and whether to impose limits or conditions when 
giving authorisation. In reaching its decision, the Nominations 
Committee is required to act in a way it considers would be most 
likely to promote the success of the company.

Creditor payment policy
Reed Elsevier companies agree terms and conditions for business 
transactions with suppliers, including the terms of payment. Reed 
Elsevier does not operate a standard code in respect of payments  
to suppliers. The average time taken to pay suppliers during the  
year was between 30 and 45 days (2009: between 30 and 45 days).

Charitable donations
Through the Reed Elsevier Cares programme, which concentrates 
on education for disadvantaged young people, Reed Elsevier 
companies made donations during the year for charitable purposes 
amounting to £2.3m (2009: £2.5m) of which £0.5m (2009: £0.5m) 
was in the United Kingdom. Further information concerning the 
Reed Elsevier Cares programme is available from the Reed Elsevier 
Corporate Responsibility Report at www.reedelsevier.com/
CorporateResponsibility.

Political donations
Reed Elsevier does not make donations to EU political organisations 
or incur EU political expenditure. In the United States, Reed Elsevier 
companies donated £53,000 (2009: £46,000) to political organisations. 
In line with US law, these donations were not made at federal  
level, but only to candidates and political parties at the state and 
local levels.

Financial Statements and accounting records
The directors are responsible for preparing the directors’ report  
and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law  
and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements 
for each financial year. Under that law the directors are required  
to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance  
with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by  
the European Union and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation and have 
elected to prepare the parent company financial statements in 
accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable 
law). Under company law the directors must not approve the 
accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair  
view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss  
of the company for that period.

In preparing the parent company financial statements, the directors 
are required to: select suitable accounting policies and then apply 
them consistently; make judgments and accounting estimates  
that are reasonable and prudent; state whether applicable  
UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any  
material departures being disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements; and prepare the financial statements on a going 
concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
company will continue in business.

In preparing the group financial statements, IAS1 requires that 
directors: properly select and apply accounting policies; present 
information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides 
relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information; 
provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific 
requirements in IFRSs are insufficient to enable users to understand 
the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions  
on the entity’s financial position and financial performance; and 
make an assessment of the company’s ability to continue as a  
going concern.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time  
the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure  
that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. 
They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Directors’ responsibility statement
The board confirms that to the best of its knowledge:

> the consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance 

with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board and as adopted by the 
European Union, give a true and fair view of the financial position 
and profit or loss of the group; and

> the Directors’ Report includes a fair review of the development 
and performance of the business and the position of the group, 
together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties 
that it faces.

Neither the company nor the directors accept any liability to any 
person in relation to the Annual Report except to the extent that 
such liability could arise under English law. Accordingly, any liability 
to a person who has demonstrated reliance on any untrue or 
misleading statement or omission shall be determined in accordance 
with Section 90A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

146 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Directors’ report continued

Disclosure of information to auditors
As part of the process of approving the company’s 2010 financial 
statements, the directors have taken steps pursuant to section 
418(2) of the Companies Act 2006 to ensure that they are aware of 
any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s 
auditors are aware of that information. In that context, so far as the 
directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which 
the company’s auditors are unaware.

Going concern
The directors, having made appropriate enquiries, consider that 
adequate resources exist for the combined businesses to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that, therefore, 
it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the 
2010 financial statements. In reaching this conclusion, the directors 
have had due regard to the combined businesses’ financial position 
as at 31 December 2010, the strong free cash flow of the combined 
businesses, Reed Elsevier’s ability to access capital markets and the 
principal risks facing Reed Elsevier.

A commentary on the Reed Elsevier combined businesses’  
cash flows, financial position and liquidity for the year ended  
31 December 2010 is set out in the Chief Financial Officer’s Report 
on pages 44 and 45. This shows that, after taking account of 
available cash resources and committed bank facilities that back up 
short term borrowings, none of Reed Elsevier’s borrowings fall due 
within the next two years. Reed Elsevier’s policies on liquidity, capital 
management and management of risks relating to interest rate, 
foreign exchange and credit exposures are set out on pages 48  
and 49. Further information on liquidity of the combined businesses 
can be found in note 18 of the combined financial statements. The 
principal risks facing Reed Elsevier are set out on pages 50 to 52.

Auditors
Resolutions for the re-appointment of Deloitte LLP as auditors of the 
company and to authorise the directors to fix their remuneration will 
be submitted to shareholders at the 2011 Annual General Meeting.

By order of the board

Registered Office

Stephen J Cowden
Secretary
16 February 2011

1-3 Strand
London 
WC2N 5JR

Reed Elsevier PLC

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 147

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Administrative expenses
Effect of tax credit equalisation on distributed earnings
Share of results of joint ventures

Operating profit
Finance income

Profit before tax
Taxation

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Note

1
2
11

5

6

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Share of joint ventures’ other comprehensive income/(expense) for year   

Total comprehensive income for the year

Earnings per ordinary share

For the year ended 31 December

Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share

2010
£m

(2)
(13)
342

327
1

328
(1)

327

2010
£m

327
25

352

2009 
£m

(2)
(12)
213

199
2

201
(6)

195

2009 
£m

195
(2)

193

Note

8
8

2010
pence

27.3
27.1

2009 
pence

17.2
17.1

148 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Consolidated statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash used by operations
Interest received
Tax paid

Net cash used in operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Dividends received from joint ventures
Increase in investment in joint ventures

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Equity dividends paid
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares
Decrease in net funding balances due from joint ventures

Net cash from financing activities

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Reed Elsevier PLC

2010
£m

2009 
£m

(2)
1
(3)

(4)

589
(596)

(7)

(245)
9
247

11

(2)
2
(6)

(6)

–
(462)

(462)

(228)
440
256

468

Note

10

11
11

7

10

Movement in cash and cash equivalents

–

–

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 149

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Non-current assets
Investments in joint ventures

Total assets

Current liabilities
Taxation

Total liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Shares held in treasury (including in joint ventures)
Capital redemption reserve
Translation reserve
Other reserves

Total equity

The consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of directors, 16 February 2011.

A J Habgood
Chairman

M H Armour 
Chief Financial Officer

Note

11

12
13
14
15
16
17

2010
£m

1,037

1,037

9

9

1,028

180
1,168
(312)
4
142
(154)

1,028

2009 
£m

927

927

11

11

916

180
1,159
(317)
4
92
(202)

916

150 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Reed Elsevier PLC

Note

7

7

Balance at 1 January 2010
Total comprehensive income  

for the year

Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares,  
net of expenses

Share of joint ventures’ settlement  
of share awards by employee  
benefit trust

Share of joint ventures’ decrease  
in share based remuneration  
reserve

Balance at 31 December 2010

Balance at 1 January 2009
Total comprehensive income  

for the year

Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares,  
net of expenses

Share of joint ventures’ settlement  
of share awards by employee  
benefit trust

Share of joint ventures’ increase  
in share based remuneration  
reserve

Balance at 31 December 2009

Share 
capital
£m

180

Share
premium
£m

1,159

Shares
held in
 treasury 
£m

(317)

Capital 
redemption
reserve
£m

Translation
reserve
£m

Other 
reserves
£m

Total equity 
£m

4

–
–

–

–

–

4

4

–
–

–

–

–

4

92

50
–

–

–

–

142

157

(65)
–

–

–

–

92

(202)

302
(245)

–

(5)

(4)

(154)

(628)

258
(228)

419

916

352
(245)

9

–

(4)

1,028

504

193
(228)

440

(32)

(2)

9

(202)

9

916

–
–

9

–

–

–
–

–

5

–

1,168

(312)

1,154

(347)

–
–

5

–

–

–
–

–

30

–

(317)

–
–

–

–

–

180

164

–
–

16

–

–

180

1,159

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 151

 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax payable on  
the current year taxable profits, adjustments in respect of prior  
year taxable profits and the movements on deferred tax that are 
recognised in the income statement. Tax arising in joint ventures  
is included in the share of results of joint ventures.

The tax payable on current year taxable profits is calculated using 
the applicable tax rate that has been enacted, or substantively 
enacted, by the statement of financial position date.

Deferred tax is the tax arising on differences between the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their 
corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, 
and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. 
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised  
to the extent that, based on current forecasts, it is probable that 
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to
apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised.  
Full provision is made for deferred tax which would become payable 
on the distribution of retained profits from foreign subsidiaries, 
associates or joint ventures.

Movements in deferred tax are charged and credited in the income 
statement, except when they relate to items charged or credited 
directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also recognised  
in equity.

Critical judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty
Critical judgements in the preparation of the combined financial 
statements are set out on pages 94 and 95.

Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective
Recently issued standards, amendments and interpretations and 
their impact on future accounting policies and reporting have been 
considered on page 96 of the combined financial statements and 
are not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated 
financial statements.

Group accounting policies

Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared  
under the historical cost convention in accordance with applicable 
accounting standards. They report the consolidated statements  
of income, cash flow and financial position of Reed Elsevier PLC, 
and have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as endorsed by the European Union and 
as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on a going 
concern basis, as explained on page 147.

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts shown in the financial 
statements are in millions of pounds.

The basis of the merger of the businesses of Reed Elsevier PLC  
and Reed Elsevier NV is set out on page 56.

Determination of profit
The Reed Elsevier PLC share of the Reed Elsevier combined results 
has been calculated on the basis of the 52.9% economic interest of 
the Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders in the Reed Elsevier combined 
businesses, after taking account of results arising in Reed Elsevier 
PLC and its subsidiaries. Dividends paid to Reed Elsevier PLC  
and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders are, other than in special 
circumstances, equalised at the gross level inclusive of the UK  
tax credit received by certain Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders.  
In Reed Elsevier PLC’s consolidated financial statements, 
an adjustment is required to equalise the benefit of the tax credit 
between the two sets of shareholders in accordance with the 
equalisation agreement. This equalisation adjustment arises  
on dividends paid by Reed Elsevier PLC to its shareholders  
and reduces the consolidated attributable earnings by 47.1%  
of the total amount of the tax credit.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the combined 
financial statements are set out on pages 90 to 96.

Investments
Reed Elsevier PLC’s 52.9% economic interest in the net assets  
of the combined businesses has been shown on the statement  
of financial position as investments in joint ventures, net of the  
assets and liabilities reported as part of Reed Elsevier PLC and its 
subsidiaries. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using 
the equity method.

Foreign exchange translation
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate 
of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At each 
statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities 
that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at  
the rate prevailing on the statement of financial position date. 
Exchange differences arising are recorded in the income statement. 
The exchange gains or losses relating to the retranslation of  
Reed Elsevier PLC’s 52.9% economic interest in the net assets 
of the combined businesses are classified as equity and transferred  
to the translation reserve.

When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative 
translation differences are recognised within the income statement  
in the period. 

152 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Reed Elsevier PLC

1 Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses include £742,000 (2009: £712,000) paid in the year to Reed Elsevier Group plc under a contract for the services  
of directors and administrative support. Reed Elsevier PLC has no employees (2009: nil).

2 Effect of tax credit equalisation on distributed earnings

The tax credit equalisation adjustment arises on ordinary dividends paid by Reed Elsevier PLC to its shareholders and reduces 
the consolidated profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by 47.1% of the total amount of the tax credit, as set out in the accounting 
policies on page 152. 

3 Auditors’ remuneration

Audit fees payable by Reed Elsevier PLC were £27,000 (2009: £26,000). Further information on the audit and non-audit fees paid by  
the Reed Elsevier combined businesses to Deloitte LLP and its associates is set out in note 3 to the combined financial statements.

4 Related party transactions

All transactions with joint ventures, which are related parties of Reed Elsevier PLC, are reflected in these financial statements. Key management 
personnel are also related parties and comprise the executive directors of Reed Elsevier PLC. Transactions with key management personnel 
are set out in note 33 to the combined financial statements.

5 Finance income

Finance income from joint ventures

6 Taxation

UK corporation tax

2010
£m

1

2010
£m

1

A reconciliation of the notional tax charge based on the applicable rate of tax to the actual total tax expense is set out below.

Profit before tax

Tax at applicable rate 28% (2009: 28%)
Tax at applicable rate on share of results of joint ventures
Other

Tax expense

2010
£m

328

92
(96)
5

1

2009 
£m

2

2009 
£m

6

2009 
£m

201

56
(60)
10

6

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 153

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

7 Equity dividends

Ordinary dividends declared in the year

Ordinary shares 

Final for prior financial year
Interim for financial year

Total

2010
pence

15.0p
5.4p

20.4p

2009
pence

15.0p
5.4p

20.4p

2010
£m

180
65

245

2009 
£m

163
65

228

The directors of Reed Elsevier PLC have proposed a final dividend of 15.0p (2009: 15.0p). The cost of funding the proposed final dividend  
is expected to be £180m. No liability has been recognised at the statement of financial position date.

Ordinary dividends paid and proposed relating to the financial year

Ordinary shares 
Interim (paid)
Final (proposed)

Total

8 Earnings per ordinary share (“EPS”)

2010
pence

5.4p
15.0p

20.4p

2009 
pence

5.4p
15.0p

20.4p

Basic earnings per share

Based on 52.9% interest in total operations 

of the combined businesses

Diluted earnings per share

2010

2009

Weighted
average
number of
shares
(millions)

1,199.1

1,199.1

 1,205.1

Earnings
£m

327

340

327

EPS
pence

27.3

28.4

27.1

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares
(millions)

1,131.4

1,131.4

1,139.5

Earnings
£m

195

207

195

EPS 
pence

17.2

18.3

17.1

The diluted EPS figures are calculated after taking account of the effect of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options 
and conditional shares.

154 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Reed Elsevier PLC

8 Earnings per ordinary share (“EPS”) continued

The weighted average number of shares is after deducting shares held in treasury. Movements in the number of shares in issue net 
of treasury shares for the year ended 31 December 2010 are shown below.

Year ended 31 December

Number of ordinary shares

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares
Net release of shares by employee benefit trust

At end of year

Weighted average number of equivalent ordinary shares during the year 

Shares in
issue
(millions)

1,247.3
2.0
–

1,249.3

Treasury
shares
(millions)

(49.6)
–
0.7

(48.9)

2010
Shares in
issue net of
treasury
shares
(millions)

1,197.7
2.0
0.7

1,200.4

1,199.1

2009 
Shares in 
issue net of 
treasury 
shares 
(millions)

1,082.6
110.4
4.7

1,197.7

1,131.4

9 Adjusted figures

Adjusted profit and earnings per share figures are used by management as additional performance measures. The adjusted figures are 
derived as follows:

Earnings per share

Reported figures
Effect of tax credit equalisation on distributed earnings

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders based on 52.9% economic 

interest in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Share of adjustments in joint ventures:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax adjustments

Adjusted figures

Profit attributable to
ordinary shareholders

Basic earnings 
per share

2010
£m

327
13

340

178
–
20
15
20
(53)

520

2009
£m

195
 12

207

217
72
70
18
(12)
(53)

519

2010
pence

27.3
1.1

28.4

14.8
–
1.7
1.2
1.7
(4.4)

43.4

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pence

 17.2
 1.1

18.3

19.2
6.4
6.2
1.6
(1.1)
(4.7)

45.9

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

10 Statement of cash flows

Reconciliation of administrative expenses to cash used by operations

Administrative expenses

Cash used by operations

Reconciliation of net funding balances due from joint ventures 

At start of year
Cash flow

At end of year

11 Investments in joint ventures

Share of results of joint ventures
Share of joint ventures’:

Net income/(expense) recognised directly in equity
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust

Equalisation adjustments
Dividends received from joint ventures
Increase in investment in joint ventures
Decrease in net funding balances due from joint ventures

Net movement in the year
At start of year

At end of year

2010
£m

(2)

(2)

2010
£m

521
(247)

274

2010
£m

342

1
–
24
(4)
–
(13)
(589)
596
(247)

110
927

1,037

2009 
£m

(2)

(2)

2009 
£m

777
(256)

521

2009 
£m

213

(47)
1
44
9
(2)
(12)
–
462
(256)

412
 515

927

During the year the company received a dividend of £589m from Elsevier Reed Finance BV. The company also subscribed for 3,751 new 
ordinary R shares in Reed Elsevier Group plc for £596m.

Summarised information showing total amounts in respect of joint ventures and Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders’ 52.9% share is set out below. 

Revenue
Net profit for the year

Total joint ventures

Reed Elsevier PLC 
shareholders’ share

2010
£m

6,055
648

2009
£m

6,071
395

2010
£m

3,203
342

2009 
£m

3,212 
213

Reed Elsevier PLC’s share of joint ventures’ net profit attributable to parent company shareholders for the year excludes the net loss that 
arose directly in Reed Elsevier PLC of £2m (2009: £6m).

156 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

11 Investments in joint ventures continued

Reed Elsevier PLC

Total assets
Total liabilities

Net assets

Attributable to:
Joint ventures
Non-controlling interests

Funding balances due from joint ventures

Total

Total joint ventures

Reed Elsevier PLC 
shareholders’ share

2010
£m

11,158
(9,188)

1,970

1,943
27

1,970

2009
£m

11,334
 (9,575)

1,759

1,732
 27

 1,759

2010
£m

5,903
(5,140)

763

763
–

763
274

1,037

2009 
£m

 5,996
(5,590)

 406

406
 –

 406
 521

 927

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The above amounts exclude assets and liabilities held directly by Reed Elsevier PLC and include the counterparty balances of amounts 
owed to and by other Reed Elsevier businesses. Included within Reed Elsevier PLC’s share of assets and liabilities are cash and cash 
equivalents of £393m (2009: £388m) and borrowings of £2,276m (2009: £2,489m) respectively.

12 Share capital

Authorised

Ordinary shares of 1451⁄116p each
Unclassified shares of 1451⁄116p each

Total

No. of shares

1,249,286,224
788,785,984

£m

180
114

294

All of the ordinary shares rank equally with respect to voting rights and rights to receive dividends. There are no restrictions on the rights to 
transfer shares.

Called up share capital – issued and fully paid

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares

At end of year

No. of shares

1,247,275,833
2,010,391

1,249,286,224

2010
£m

180
–

180

No. of shares

1,136,924,693
110,351,410

1,247,275,833

2009 
£m

164
16

180

The issue of ordinary shares relates to the exercise of share options and the 2009 share placing. Details of share option and conditional 
share schemes are set out in note 6 to the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements.

A share placing was announced on 30 July 2009 for up to 109,198,190 new ordinary shares representing approximately 9.9% of the 
company’s share capital prior to the placing. The shares were fully subscribed at a price of 405p per share, raising £435m net of issue 
costs of £7m. No share premium was recognised in the company as it took advantage of section 612 of the Companies Act 2006 regarding 
merger relief. Accordingly, the excess of the net proceeds received over the nominal value of the share capital issued is added to other 
reserves rather than credited to the share premium account and is distributable.

Details of shares held in treasury are provided in note 14. 

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 157

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

13 Share premium

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses

At end of year

14 Shares held in treasury

At start of year
Share of joint ventures’ settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust 

At end of year

Further details of shares held in treasury are provided in note 30 to the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements. 

15 Capital redemption reserve

At start and end of year

16 Translation reserve

At start of year
Share of joint ventures’ exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

At end of year

17 Other reserves

At start of year
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Share of joint ventures’:

Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes 
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Tax recognised directly in equity
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve

Equity dividends paid

At end of year

2010
£m

1,159
9

1,168

2010
£m

317
(5)

312

2010
£m

4

2010
£m

92
50

142

2010
£m

(202)
327
–

(33)
–
(31)
15
(4)
(5)
24
(245)

(154)

2009 
£m

1,154
5

1,159

2009 
£m

347
(30)

317

2009 
£m

4

2009 
£m

157
(65)

92

2009 
£m

(628)
195
419

3
1
28
(13)
9
(32)
44
(228)

(202)

158 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

18 Contingent liabilities

There are contingent liabilities in respect of borrowings of joint ventures guaranteed by Reed Elsevier PLC as follows:

Guaranteed jointly and severally with Reed Elsevier NV

Reed Elsevier PLC

2010
£m

3,924

2009 
£m

4,381

Financial instruments disclosures in respect of the borrowings covered by the above guarantees are given in note 18 to the Reed Elsevier 
combined financial statements.

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19 Principal joint ventures

Reed Elsevier Group plc
Incorporated and operating in Great Britain
1-3 Strand
London WC2N 5JR
Holding company for operating businesses involved in 
science & medical, risk management, legal and business 
publishing and organisation of trade exhibitions
Elsevier Reed Finance BV
Incorporated in the Netherlands
Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam, the Netherlands 
Holding company for financing businesses

£18,385 ordinary R shares  
£18,385 ordinary E shares  
£100,000 7.5% cumulative preference non voting shares

100%
–
100%

% holding

Equivalent to a 50% equity interest

133 ordinary R shares 
205 ordinary E shares 

Equivalent to a 39% equity interest

The E shares in Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV are owned by Reed Elsevier NV. 

20 Principal subsidiary

Reed Holding BV 
Incorporated in the Netherlands
Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam, the Netherlands

191 ordinary shares 

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c
e

At 31 December 2010 Reed Holding BV owned 4,303,179 (2009: 4,303,179) shares of a separate class in Reed Elsevier NV. The equalisation 
arrangements entered into between Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV at the time of the merger give Reed Elsevier PLC a 5.8% 
economic interest in Reed Elsevier NV.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 159

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report on the consolidated  
financial statements to the members of Reed Elsevier PLC

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of  
Reed Elsevier PLC for the year ended 31 December 2010  
(“the consolidated financial statements”), which comprise the 
consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of cash flows, 
the consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated 
statement of changes in equity, the group accounting policies and 
the related notes 1 to 20. The financial reporting framework that has 
been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the  
European Union. 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body,  
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state 
to the company’s members those matters we are required to state 
to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility 
to anyone other than the company and the company’s members  
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we 
have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement, 
the directors are responsible for the preparation of the consolidated 
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view.

Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the 
consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable  
law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those 
standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s 
Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to 
the group’s circumstances and have been consistently applied and 
adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting 
estimates made by the directors; and the overall presentation of the 
financial statements.

Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion the consolidated financial statements:
> 

 give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as  
at 31 December 2010 and of its profit for the year then ended;

> 

> 

 have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union; and

 have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of  
the Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies  
Act 2006
In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report for  
the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared  
is consistent with the consolidated financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following:

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, 
in our opinion:
> 

 certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law 
are not made; or

> 

 we have not received all the information and explanations we 
require for our audit.

Under the Listing Rules we are required to review:
> 

 the directors’ statement contained within the Structure and 
Corporate Governance report in relation to going concern; 

> 

 the part of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to  
the company’s compliance with the nine provisions of the  
2008 Combined Code specified for our review; and

> 

 certain elements of the report to shareholders by the Board on 
directors’ remuneration.

Other matter
We have reported separately on the individual parent company 
financial statements of Reed Elsevier PLC for the year ended  
31 December 2010 and on the information in the parts of the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report presented in the Reed Elsevier 
Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 that are described 
as having been audited.

Douglas King (Senior statutory auditor)
For and on behalf of 
Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London 
United Kingdom
16 February 2011

160 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Parent company balance sheet

Reed Elsevier PLC

As at 31 December

Fixed assets
Investments in subsidiary undertakings
Investments in joint ventures

Current assets
Debtors: amounts due from joint ventures

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Other creditors
Taxation
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings

Net current assets

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Shares held in treasury
Capital redemption reserve
Other reserves
Profit and loss reserve

Shareholders’ funds

Note

1
1

2010
£m

309
2,304

2,613

274

274

(10)
(9)
(77)

(96)

178

2,791

180
1,168
(224)
4
134
1,529

2,791

The parent company financial statements were approved by the Board of directors, 16 February 2011.

A J Habgood
Chairman

M H Armour 
Chief Financial Officer

Parent company reconciliation of shareholders’ funds

At 1 January 2009
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders 
Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses 
Equity instruments granted to employees  

of combined businesses

At 1 January 2010
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Equity instruments granted to employees  

of combined businesses

At 31 December 2010

Share
capital
£m

Share
premium
account
£m

Shares
held in
treasury
£m

Capital
redemption
reserve
£m

Other
reserves
£m

164
–
–
16

–

180
–
–
–

–

180

1,154
–
–
5

–

1,159
–
–
9

–

1,168

(224)
–
–
–

–

(224)
–
–
–

–

(224)

4
–
–
–

–

4
–
–
–

–

4

129
–
–
–

9

138
–
–
–

(4)

134

Profit 
and loss 
reserve
£m

1,002
(6)
(228)
419

–

1,187
587
(245)
–

–

(4)

1,529

2,791

2009 
£m

309
1,702

2,011

521

521

–
(11)
(77)

(88)

433

2,444

180
1,159
(224)
4
138 
1,187 

2,444

Total 
£m

2,229
(6)
(228)
440

9

2,444
587
(245)
9

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 161

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parent company accounting policies

Basis of preparation
The parent company financial statements have been prepared under 
the historical cost convention in accordance with UK Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice (UK GAAP). Unless otherwise 
indicated, all amounts in the financial statements are in millions  
of pounds.

The parent company financial statements are prepared on  
a going concern basis, as explained on page 147.

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the 
company has not presented its own profit and loss account.

The Reed Elsevier PLC accounting policies under UK GAAP are
set out below.

Investments
Fixed asset investments in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses 
are stated at cost, less provision, if appropriate, for any impairment 
in value. The fair value of the award of share options and conditional 
shares over Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares to employees  
of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses are treated as a  
capital contribution.

Principal joint ventures and subsidiaries are set out in notes 19  
and 20 of the Reed Elsevier PLC consolidated financial statements.

Shares held in treasury
The consideration paid, including directly attributable costs, for 
shares repurchased is recognised as shares held in treasury and 
presented as a deduction from total equity. Details of share capital 
and shares held in treasury are set out in notes 12 and 14 of the 
Reed Elsevier PLC consolidated financial statements.

Foreign exchange translation
Transactions entered into in foreign currencies are recorded  
at the exchange rates applicable at the time of the transaction.

Taxation
Deferred taxation is provided in full for timing differences using  
the liability method. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to
the extent that they are considered recoverable in the short term. 
Deferred taxation balances are not discounted.

Notes to the parent company financial statements

1 Investments

At 1 January 2009
Increase in investments
Equity instruments granted to Reed Elsevier employees

At 1 January 2010
Increase in investments
Equity instruments granted to Reed Elsevier employees

At 31 December 2010

Subsidiary
 undertaking
£m

Joint
ventures
£m

303
6
–

309
–
–

309

1,237
456
9

1,702
596
6

2,304

Total 
£m

1,540
462
9

2,011
596
6

2,613

162 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Independent auditor’s report on the parent company  
financial statements to the members of Reed Elsevier PLC

Reed Elsevier PLC

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the  
Companies Act 2006
In our opinion:
> 

 the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has 
been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 
2006; and

> 

 the information given in the Directors’ Report for the financial 
year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent 
with the parent company financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where 
the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
 adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent 
> 
company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or

> 

> 

> 

 the parent company financial statements and the part of  
the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are not  
in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

 certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law 
are not made; or

 we have not received all the information and explanations we 
require for our audit.

Other matter
We have reported separately on the consolidated financial statements 
of Reed Elsevier PLC for the year ended 31 December 2010. 

Douglas King (Senior statutory auditor)
For and on behalf of 
Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London 
United Kingdom
16 February 2011

We have audited the parent company financial statements  
of Reed Elsevier PLC for the year ended 31 December 2010  
(“the company financial statements”) which comprise the parent 
company balance sheet, the parent company reconciliation of 
shareholders’ funds, the parent company accounting policies and 
the related note on page 162. The financial reporting framework  
that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and 
United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally 
Accepted Accounting Practice, or “UK GAAP”).

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body,  
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state 
to the company’s members those matters we are required to state 
to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility 
to anyone other than the company and the company’s members  
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions  
we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 
the directors are responsible for the preparation of the parent 
company financial statements and for being satisfied that they  
give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express  
an opinion on the parent company financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and International Standards on 
Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply 
with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. 

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate to 
the parent company’s circumstances and have been consistently 
applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant 
accounting estimates made by the directors; and the overall 
presentation of the financial statements.

Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion the parent company financial statements:
> 

 give a true and fair view of the state of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2010 and of its profit for the year  
then ended;

> have been properly prepared in accordance with UK GAAP; and

> 

 have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 163

 
 
 
 
 
 
5 year summary

Combined financial information
Revenue – continuing operations
Reported operating profit – continuing operations
Adjusted operating profit – continuing operations
Reported profit attributable to shareholders – total operations
Adjusted profit attributable to shareholders – total operations

Reed Elsevier PLC consolidated financial information
Reported profit attributable to shareholders
Adjusted profit attributable to shareholders
Reported earnings per ordinary share (pence)
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (pence)
Dividend per ordinary share (pence)

Note

2
2
2

3
4
3
4
5

2010
£m

6,055
1,090
1,555
642
983

327
520
27.3p
43.4p
20.4p

2009
£m

6,071
787
1,570
391
982

195
519
17.2p
45.9p
20.4p

2008
£m

5,334
901
1,379
476
919

241
486
22.1p
44.6p
20.3p

2007
£m

4,584
888
1,137
1,200
852

624
451
49.7p
35.9p
18.1p

2006 
£m

4,509
837
1,081
623
796

320
421
25.6p
33.6p
15.9p

(1)   Adjusted figures are presented as additional performance measures used by management and are stated before amortisation and 
impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, and in respect of 
attributable profit, reflect a tax rate that excludes the effect of movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities that are not expected 
to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwilll and intangible assets. 
Acquisition related finance costs and profit and loss from disposal gains and losses and other non operating items are also excluded 
from the adjusted figures.

(2)   Revenue, reported operating profit and adjusted operating profit are presented for continuing operations. Net profit from discontinued 

operations is included in profit attributable to shareholders.

(3)   Reported profit attributable to shareholders and reported earnings per share are based on the 52.9% share of the Reed Elsevier 
combined profit attributable to shareholders, adjusted to equalise the benefit of the UK dividend tax credit with Reed Elsevier NV 
shareholders as a reduction in reported profits.

(4)   Adjusted profit attributable to shareholders and adjusted earnings per share are based on the 52.9% share of the Reed Elsevier 

combined profit attributable to Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders.

(5)   Dividend per ordinary share is based on the interim dividend and proposed final dividend for the relevant year, and does not include  

the 82.0p per share special distribution in 2008.

164 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV annual report and financial statements

166 Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board

170 Consolidated financial statements

172 Group accounting policies

174 Notes to the consolidated financial statements

182 Independent auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements

183 Parent company financial statements

184 Parent company accounting policies

185 Notes to the parent company financial statements

186 Additional information

187 Independent auditors’ report on the parent company financial statements

188 5 year summary

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 165

 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board

The Supervisory Board and the Executive Board (which jointly make 
up “the Combined Board”) present their joint report, together with  
the financial statements of the group and of the company, for the 
year ended 31 December 2010.

As a consequence of the merger of the company’s businesses  
with those of Reed Elsevier PLC in 1993, described on page 56,  
the shareholders of Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC can  
be regarded as having the interests of a single economic group. The 
Reed Elsevier combined financial statements represent the combined 
interests of both sets of shareholders and encompass the businesses 
of Reed Elsevier Group plc, Elsevier Reed Finance BV and their 
respective subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, together with 
the parent companies, Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC  
(“the combined businesses” or “Reed Elsevier”).

This report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board and 
the consolidated and parent company financial statements should  
be read in conjunction with the Reed Elsevier combined financial 
statements and other reports set out on pages 4 to 141, which are 
incorporated by reference herein. Summary combined financial 
information in euros is set out on pages 129 to 141. The combined 
financial statements on pages 86 to 128 are to be considered as part 
of the notes to the statutory financial statements. The annual report  
of Reed Elsevier NV within the meaning of article 2:391 of the Dutch 
Civil Code consists of pages 166 to 169 and, incorporated by 
reference, pages 4 to 141. The Corporate Governance Statement  
of Reed Elsevier NV dated 16 February 2011 is published on the 
Reed Elsevier website (www.reedelsevier.com) and is incorporated by 
reference herein as per the Vaststellingsbesluit nadere voorschriften 
inhoud jaarverslag January 2010 article 2a under 1 sub b.

Principal activities
The company is a holding company and its principal investments are 
its direct 50% shareholding in Reed Elsevier Group plc and its direct 
61% shareholding in Elsevier Reed Finance BV, which are engaged  
in publishing and information activities and financing activities 
respectively. The remaining shareholdings in these two companies 
are held by Reed Elsevier PLC.

Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC have retained their separate 
legal identities and are publicly held companies. Reed Elsevier NV’s 
securities are listed in Amsterdam and New York and Reed Elsevier 
PLC’s securities are listed in London and New York.

Financial statement presentation
The consolidated financial statements of Reed Elsevier NV include 
the 50% economic interest that its shareholders (including Reed 
Elsevier PLC, which has an indirect 5.8% interest in the company) 
have under the equalisation arrangements in the Reed Elsevier 
combined businesses, accounted for on an equity basis.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, dividends paid to Reed 
Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders are, other than in 
special circumstances, equalised at the gross level inclusive of the 
UK tax credit received by certain Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders. In 
addition to the reported figures, adjusted profit figures are presented 
as additional performance measures used by management. These 
exclude, in relation to the results of joint ventures, the company’s 
share of amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets 
and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, 
disposal gains and losses and other non operating items, related tax 
effects and movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities  
not expected to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit 
of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and 
intangible assets.

Consolidated income statement
Reed Elsevier NV’s shareholders’ 50% share of the adjusted profit 
before tax of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses was (cid:56)748m,  
up from (cid:56)716m in 2009 reflecting the 3% increase in adjusted 
operating profits and the lower net interest expense. Reported profit 
before tax, including the Reed Elsevier NV shareholders’ share of 
amortisation and impairment charges, exceptional restructuring and 
acquisition related costs and disposals and non operating items, was 
(cid:56)379m (2009: (cid:56)217m). The increase largely reflects intangible asset and 
goodwill impairment charges in the prior year and lower exceptional 
restructuring spend in 2010 compared to the prior year. Elsevier saw 
continued growth although at a lower rate than the prior year due to 
a constrained customer budget environment. The LexisNexis risk 
business saw strong growth, driven by the insurance sector and the 
return to growth in more cyclical markets. The LexisNexis legal and 
professional businesses saw a small underlying revenue decline 
reflecting the impact on renewals and print product of the low levels  
of law firm activity and employment. Reed Exhibitions benefited from  
a net cycling in of biennial exhibitions and a return to growth in annual 
exhibitions in the second half of the year. Reed Business Information 
saw good growth in data services and online marketing solutions  
and significantly moderated declines in advertising markets, while  
the portfolio was reshaped through disposals and closures and costs 
significantly reduced. The adjusted operating margin declined  
0.2 percentage points reflecting increased spend on product 
development, sales & marketing and infrastructure, partially offset  
by tight cost control and the incremental benefits of the earlier 
restructuring programmes.

Reed Elsevier NV’s shareholders’ share of the adjusted profit 
attributable of the combined businesses was (cid:56)575m, up from (cid:56)550m 
in 2009. After deducting the company’s share of the post tax charge 
for amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and 
goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, 
disposal gains and losses and other non operating items and 
deferred taxes not expected to crystallise in the near term, the 
reported net profit for the year was (cid:56)376m, up from (cid:56)219m in 2009.

Adjusted earnings per share decreased 1% to (cid:56)0.78 (2009: (cid:56)0.79).  
At constant rates of exchange, the adjusted earnings per share  
were 6% lower. Including amortisation and impairment of acquired 
intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and 
acquisition related costs, disposal gains and losses and other non 
operating items, and tax adjustments, the basic earnings per share 
was (cid:56)0.51 (2009: (cid:56)0.32).

166 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board  
continued

Consolidated statement of financial position
The consolidated statement of financial position of Reed Elsevier NV 
reflects its 50% economic interest in the net assets of Reed Elsevier 
which as at 31 December 2010 was (cid:56)1,137m (2009: (cid:56)970m). The 
(cid:56)167m increase in net assets reflects the company’s share in the 
attributable profits of Reed Elsevier partially offset by dividends paid.

Parent company financial statements
In accordance with article 2:362(1) of the Dutch Civil Code, the 
individual parent company financial statements of Reed Elsevier NV 
(presented on pages 183 to 187) are prepared under UK generally 
accepted accounting practice (UK GAAP) The profit attributable to  
the shareholders of Reed Elsevier NV was (cid:56)9m (2009: (cid:56)22m) and  
net assets as at 31 December 2010, principally representing the 
investments in Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV 
under the historical cost method and loans to their subsidiaries, were 
(cid:56)4,884m (2009: (cid:56)4,065m). Free reserves as at 31 December 2010 
were (cid:56)4,655m (2009: (cid:56)3,833m), comprising reserves and paid-in 
surplus less shares held in treasury.

Dividends
The Combined Board is recommending an equalised final dividend  
of (cid:56)0.303 per ordinary share, up 3% compared with the prior year.  
This gives total ordinary dividends for the year of (cid:56)0.412 (2009: (cid:56)0.400), 
up 3% on 2009. The final dividend will be paid on 17 May 2011.

Dividend cover, based on adjusted earnings per share and the  
total interim and proposed final dividends for the year, is 1.9 times.  
The boards of the company and Reed Elsevier PLC have adopted 
dividend policies in recent years in respect of their equalised 
dividends that, subject to currency considerations, grow dividends 
broadly in line with adjusted earnings per share whilst maintaining 
dividend cover (being the number of times the annual dividend is 
covered by the adjusted earnings per share) of at least two times 
over the longer term.

The total dividend paid on the ordinary shares in the financial year 
was (cid:56)281m (2009: (cid:56)260m).

Share capital
During 2010, 184,116 ordinary shares in the company were issued 
as follows:

> 134,350 under convertible debentures at prices between (cid:56)7.35  

and (cid:56)9.45

>   49,766 under executive share option schemes at prices between 

(cid:56)8.31 and (cid:56)9.34

Information regarding shares outstanding at 31 December 2010  
is shown in note 13 to the consolidated financial statements. 

As at 31 December 2010 31,734,581 of the ordinary shares were held 
in treasury including 7,781,790 held by the Reed Elsevier Group plc 
Employee Benefit Trust. No R shares were held in treasury. 

As at 16 February 2011, based on the public database of and on 
notification received from the Netherlands Authority for the Financial 
Markets, the company is aware of interests in the capital and voting 
rights of the issued share capital of the company of at least 5%  
by Reed Elsevier PLC and Mondrian Investment Partners Limited.

Corporate Governance
Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC are subject to various 
corporate governance principles and best practice codes, in 
particular the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (the Dutch Code) 
and the UK Combined Code (the UK Code). In May 2010 the 
Financial Reporting Council issued the UK Corporate Governance 
Code (“the New UK Code”), which replaces the UK code for financial 
years beginning on or after 29 June 2010. The New UK Code will, 
therefore, apply in respect of the company’s financial year beginning 
1 January 2011. Reed Elsevier NV may not apply fully the verbatim 
language of these codes, but does fully apply the principles and best 
practice provisions other than, in respect of the Dutch Code, the 
following for reasons explained below:

> Best practice provision II.2.5: Executive directors are required 
to build up a minimum shareholding and Reed Elsevier uses long 
term incentive arrangements in the form of awards of shares which 
may vest after three years. The intent of this shareholding policy  
is to align the interests of senior executives and shareholders.  
This intent is in compliance with the Dutch Code. Shares received 
on joining Reed Elsevier in compensation for benefits forfeited 
under incentive schemes from a previous employer are not to be 
considered as part of the minimum shareholding in this context.

> Best practice provision II.2.8: Reed Elsevier has arrangements 
that are commensurate with local and legal requirements to ensure 
a competitive employment offer to its board members. Executive 
directors have employment agreements under English or New York 
law that provide for notice periods not exceeding one year. There 
are currently no executive directors with employment agreements 
under Dutch law. In the event of dismissal, notice is given in 
accordance with the agreed notice period. The payment during  
the notice period may be mitigated if the director finds other 
employment within this period. The application of this arrangement 
may fall within the best practice provision that remuneration in  
the event of dismissal may not exceed the fixed component of  
one year’s salary. There are no other severance arrangements  
in place for the executive directors and none of the employment 
agreements contain severance pay arrangements. Although  
the principle that severance pay should not exceed the fixed 
component of one year’s salary is supported, there may be 
exceptional circumstances where this maximum would be 
manifestly unreasonable that could justify additional compensation 
on termination for loss of variable remuneration components.  
Full disclosure on remuneration in event of dismissal is provided  
in the Director’s Remuneration Report in the Reed Elsevier Annual 
Reports and Financial Statements 2010.

> Best practice provisions II.2.13 and II.2.14: In view of their 

detailed specificity and complexity and because of the confidential 
or potentially commercially sensitive nature of the information 
concerned, individual performance targets and achievements 
relevant for variable executive remuneration will only be disclosed  
in general terms.

> Best practice provision II.3.4 and III.6.3: The disclosure of 

transactions where directors have a conflict of interest, as required 
by these provisions, shall be qualified to the extent required  
under applicable rules and laws pertaining to the disclosure of  
price sensitive information, confidentiality and justified aspects  
of competition.

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 167

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Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board  
continued

> Principle III.7: The remuneration of Supervisory Board members 
is determined by the Combined Board in the context of the board 
harmonisation with Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier Group plc, 
having regard for the maximum approved by the general meeting 
of shareholders.

> Best practice provision IV.1.1: Appointments, suspensions  

and removal procedures for members of the Executive Board and  
the Supervisory Board are set out in the Corporate Governance 
Statement 2010. In order to safeguard the agreed board 
harmonisation with the Board of Reed Elsevier PLC, the Articles  
of Association of Reed Elsevier NV provide that a resolution of  
the General Shareholders’ Meeting to appoint a member of the 
Executive or Supervisory Board other than in accordance with the 
proposal of the Combined Board shall require a majority of at least 
two-thirds of the votes cast if less than one-half of the company’s 
issued capital is represented at the meeting. Given the still generally 
low attendance rate at shareholders’ meetings in the Netherlands, 
the Boards believe that this qualified majority requirement is 
appropriate for this purpose.

> Best practice provision IV.3.1: It is considered impractical and 
unnecessary to provide access for shareholders to all meetings 
with analysts and all presentations to investors in real time. Price 
sensitive and other information relevant to shareholders is disclosed 
as required or as appropriate and made available on the website.

For further information on the application of the Dutch Code, see the 
Corporate Governance Statement of Reed Elsevier NV published on 
the Reed Elsevier website, www.reedelsevier.com.

Significant agreements – change of control
The governing agreement between Reed Elsevier NV and Reed 
Elsevier PLC states that upon a change of control of Reed Elsevier 
NV (for these purposes, the acquisition by a third party of 50% or 
more of the issued share capital having voting rights), should there 
not be a comparable offer from the offeror for Reed Elsevier PLC, 
Reed Elsevier PLC may serve notice upon Reed Elsevier NV  
varying certain provisions of the governing agreement, including  
the governance and the standstill provisions.

There are a number of borrowing agreements including credit 
facilities that in the event of a change of control of both Reed Elsevier 
NV and Reed Elsevier PLC and, in some cases, a consequential 
credit rating downgrade to sub-investment grade may, at the option 
of the lenders, require repayment and/or cancellation as appropriate.

Directors
The following individuals served as members of the Supervisory  
and Executive Boards during the year:

The Executive Board
E Engstrom (Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer)

M Armour

(Chief Financial Officer)

A Prozes  

(retired 31 December 2010)

The Supervisory Board
A Habgood (Chairman)
G de Boer-Kruyt

(retired 20 April 2010)

M Elliott
L Hook
M van Lier Lels

(appointed 13 January 2010) 

R Polet
D Reid
Lord Sharman of Redlynch OBE
B van der Veer

Lord Sharman will retire as a member of the Supervisory Board at 
the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting in April 2011.

In view of the retirement of Lord Sharman, a search has been 
conducted in conjunction with external recruitment consultants for a 
suitable candidate to join the Supervisory Board. This has resulted in 
the Nominations Committee recommending to the Combined Board 
the appointment of Adrian Hennah as a member of the Supervisory 
Board of Reed Elsevier NV and as a non-executive director of Reed 
Elsevier PLC. This will be proposed at the Annual General Meetings 
in April 2011. Subject to shareholder approval of his appointment,  
he will become a member of the Audit Committees and of the 
Corporate Governance Committee. 

Biographical details of the directors at the date of this report are given 
on pages 54 and 55. Details of the remuneration of the members of 
the Executive Board and of the Supervisory Board and their interests 
in the share capital of the company are provided in the Directors’ 
Remuneration Report on pages 62 to 80.

Financial statements and accounting records
The financial statements provide a true and fair view of the state of 
affairs of the company and the group as of 31 December 2010 and 
of the profit or loss in 2010. In preparing the financial statements,  
the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board ensure that suitable 
accounting policies, consistently applied and supported by 
reasonable judgements and estimates, have been used and 
applicable accounting standards have been followed. The Boards are 
responsible for keeping proper accounting records, which disclose 
with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the 
company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the law. The Boards have general responsibility for 
taking reasonable steps to safeguard the assets of the company  
and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.

168 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board  
continued

Reed Elsevier NV

A commentary on the Reed Elsevier combined businesses’  
cash flows, financial position and liquidity for the year ended  
31 December 2010 is set out in the Chief Financial Officer’s Report 
on pages 44 and 45. This shows that, after taking account of 
available cash resources and committed bank facilities that back up 
short term borrowings, none of Reed Elsevier’s borrowings fall due 
within the next two years. Reed Elsevier’s policies on liquidity, capital 
management and management of risks relating to interest rate, 
foreign exchange and credit exposures are set out on pages 48  
and 49. Further information on liquidity of the combined businesses 
can be found in note 18 of the combined financial statements. The 
principal risks facing Reed Elsevier are set out on pages 50 to 52.

Auditors
Resolutions for the re-appointment of Deloitte Accountants BV as 
auditors of the company and authorising the Supervisory Board to 
determine their remuneration will be submitted to the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting on 19 April 2011.

The Executive Board
E Engstrom (Chairman  

and Chief Executive Officer)

M Armour  

(Chief Financial Officer)

Signed by:
The Supervisory Board 
A Habgood (Chairman)
M Elliott
L Hook
M van Lier Lels
R Polet
D Reid
Lord Sharman of Redlynch OBE
B van der Veer

Registered office
Radarweg 29
1043 NX The Netherlands

Chamber of Commerce Amsterdam
Register file No: 33155037
16 February 2011

Internal control
As required under sections II.1.4. and II.1.5. of the Dutch Code,  
the Audit Committee and the Combined Board have reviewed the 
effectiveness of the systems of internal control and risk management 
during the last financial year. The objective of these systems is to 
manage, rather than eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business 
objectives. Accordingly, they can only provide reasonable, but not 
absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss. The 
outcome of this review has been discussed with the external 
auditors. The Combined Board confirmed that as regards financial 
reporting, the risk management and control systems provide 
reasonable assurance against material inaccuracies or loss and  
have functioned properly during the financial year.

Directors’ responsibility statement
The Combined Board confirms, to the best of its knowledge, that:
 the consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance 
> 
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by  
the International Accounting Standards Board and as adopted  
by the European Union, give a true and fair view of the financial 
position and profit or loss of the group; and

> 

 the Report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board 
includes a fair review of the development and performance of  
the business during the financial year and the position of the 
group as at 31 December 2010 together with a description of  
the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces.

Neither the company nor the directors accept any liability to any 
person in relation to the Annual Report except to the extent that  
such liability arises under Dutch law.

Disclosure of information to auditors
As part of the process of approving the company’s 2010 financial 
statements, the Supervisory and the Executive Boards and their 
members have taken steps to ensure that all relevant information  
was provided to the company’s auditors and, so far as the boards  
are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the 
company’s auditors are unaware.

Going concern
The Combined Board, having made appropriate enquiries, considers 
that adequate resources exist for the combined businesses to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and  
that, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in 
preparing the 2010 financial statements. In reaching this conclusion, 
the Combined Board has had due regard to the combined 
businesses’ financial position as at 31 December 2010, the strong 
free cash flow of the combined businesses, Reed Elsevier’s ability to 
access capital markets and the principal risks facing Reed Elsevier.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 169

 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Administrative expenses
Share of results of joint ventures

Operating profit
Finance income

Profit before tax
Taxation

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Note

2
11

5

6

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Share of joint ventures’ other comprehensive income for the year 

Total comprehensive income for the year

Earnings per ordinary share

For the year ended 31 December

Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share

Consolidated statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash used by operations
Interest received
Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Dividends received from joint ventures
Increase in investment in joint ventures

Net cash from/(used in) investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Equity dividends paid
Proceeds on issue of ordinary shares
(Increase)/decrease in net funding balances due from joint ventures 

Net cash (used in)/from financing activities

Note

8
8

Note

10

11
11

7

10

2010
(cid:19)m

(2)
367

365
14

379
(3)

376

2010
(cid:19)m

376
71

447

2009 
(cid:56)m

(2)
197

195
22

217
2

219

2009 
(cid:56)m

219
42

261

2010
(cid:19)
(cid:19)0.51
(cid:19)0.51

2009 
(cid:56)
(cid:56)0.32
(cid:56)0.31

2010
(cid:19)m

2009 
(cid:56)m

(1)
14
(4)

9

1,093
(719)

374

(281)
2
(104)

(383)

(2)
24
(8)

14

–
(531)

(531)

(260)
470
298

508

Movement in cash and cash equivalents

–

(9)

170 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Note

2010
(cid:19)m

2009 
(cid:56)m

11

1,198

1,031

2
3

5

2
3

5

1,203

1,036

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13
14
15
16
17

11
55

66

1,137

54
2,169
(433)
(51)
(602)

1,137

10
56

66

970

53
2,168
(434)
(153)
(664)

970

Total 
equity 
(cid:19)m

970
447
(281)
2

–

(4)
3
–

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Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Non-current assets
Investments in joint ventures 
Current assets
Amounts due from joint ventures
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Current liabilities
Payables
Taxation

Total liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Share capital issued
Paid-in surplus
Shares held in treasury (including in joint ventures)
Translation reserve
Other reserves

Total equity

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Note

7

7

Balance at 1 January 2010
Total comprehensive income for the year
Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Share of joint ventures’ settlement of  

share awards by employee benefit trust

Share of joint ventures’ decrease in  

share based remuneration reserve

Equalisation adjustments
Exchange translation differences

Balance at 31 December 2010

Balance at 1 January 2009
Total comprehensive income for the year
Equity dividends paid
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Share of joint ventures’ settlement of  

share awards by employee benefit trust

Share of joint ventures’ increase in  

share based remuneration reserve

Exchange translation differences

Balance at 31 December 2009

53
–
–
1

–

–
–
–

54

49
–
–
4

–

–
–

Share
capital
(cid:19)m

Paid-in
surplus
(cid:19)m

 Shares held 
in treasury
(cid:19)m

Translation
reserve
(cid:19)m

Other
reserves
(cid:19)m

2,168
–
–
1

–

–
–
–

(434)
–
–
–

5

–
–
(4)

(153)
98
–
–

–

–
–
4

(664)
349
(281)
–

(5)

(4)
3
–

2,169

(433)

(51)

(602)

1,137

1,712
–
–
456

–

–
–

(477)
–
–
21

32

–
(10)

(434)

(138)
(25)
–
–

–

–
10

(655)
286
(260)
(11)

(34)

10
–

(153)

(664)

491
261
(260)
470

(2)

10
–

970

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 171

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Group accounting policies

These consolidated financial statements, which have been  
prepared under the historic cost convention, report the consolidated 
statements of income, cash flow and financial position of Reed 
Elsevier NV. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts shown in the 
financial statements are in millions of euros.

Parent company financial statements
In accordance with 2:402 of the Dutch Civil Code, the parent 
company financial statements only contain an abridged profit  
and loss account.

As required by a regulation adopted by the European Parliament,  
the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)  
as endorsed by the European Union and as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on a going 
concern basis, as explained on page 169.

The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements presented  
in pounds sterling on pages 86 to 128 form an integral part of  
the notes to Reed Elsevier NV’s statutory financial statements.  
The primary combined financial statements and selected notes  
are presented in euros on pages 129 to 141.

As a consequence of the merger of the company’s businesses with 
those of Reed Elsevier PLC, described on page 56, the shareholders 
of Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC can be regarded  
as having the interests of a single economic group, enjoying 
substantially equivalent ordinary dividend and capital rights in the 
earnings and net assets of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses.

The Reed Elsevier NV consolidated financial statements are 
presented incorporating Reed Elsevier NV’s investments in  
the Reed Elsevier combined businesses accounted for using  
the equity method, as adjusted for the effects of the equalisation 
arrangement between Reed Elsevier NV and Reed Elsevier PLC. 
The arrangement lays down the distribution of dividends and  
net assets in such a way that Reed Elsevier NV’s share in the  
profit and net assets of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses  
equals 50%, with all settlements accruing to shareholders  
from the equalisation arrangements taken directly to reserves. 
Further detail is provided in note 1.

Because the dividend paid to shareholders by Reed Elsevier NV  
is equivalent to the Reed Elsevier PLC dividend plus, other than in 
special circumstances, the UK tax credit received by certain Reed 
Elsevier PLC shareholders, Reed Elsevier NV normally distributes  
a higher proportion of the combined profit attributable than Reed 
Elsevier PLC. Reed Elsevier PLC’s share in this difference in dividend 
distributions is settled with Reed Elsevier NV and is credited directly 
to consolidated reserves under equalisation. Reed Elsevier NV  
can pay a nominal dividend on its R shares held by a subsidiary  
of Reed Elsevier PLC that is lower than the dividend on the ordinary 
shares. Equally, Reed Elsevier NV has the possibility to receive 
dividends directly from Dutch affiliates. Reed Elsevier PLC is 
compensated by direct dividend payments by Reed Elsevier Group 
plc. The settlements flowing from these arrangements are also taken  
directly to consolidated reserves under equalisation.

Combined financial statements
The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the combined 
financial statements are set out on pages 90 to 96.

These include policies in relation to intangible assets. Such assets 
are amortised over their estimated useful economic lives which,  
due to their longevity, may be for periods in excess of five years.

Basis of valuation of assets and liabilities
Reed Elsevier NV’s 50% economic interest in the net assets  
of the combined businesses has been shown on the consolidated 
statement of financial position as investments in joint ventures, net  
of the assets and liabilities reported as part of Reed Elsevier NV.  
Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.

Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value. Other  
assets and liabilities are stated at historical cost, less provision,  
if appropriate, for any impairment in value.

Foreign exchange translation
Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate  
of exchange prevailing on the date of the transaction. At each 
statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities 
that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the  
rate prevailing on the statement of financial position date. Exchange 
differences arising are recorded in the income statement. The gains  
or losses relating to the retranslation of Reed Elsevier NV’s 50% 
interest in the net assets of the combined businesses are classified 
as equity and transferred to the translation reserve.

When foreign operations are disposed of, the related cumulative 
translation differences are recognised within the income statement  
in the period.

Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax payable on the 
current year taxable profits, adjustments in respect of prior year 
taxable profits and the movements on deferred tax that are 
recognised in the income statement. Tax arising in joint ventures  
is included in the share of results of joint ventures.

The tax payable on current year taxable profits is calculated using 
the applicable tax rate that has been enacted, or substantively 
enacted, by the statement of financial position date.

172 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Group accounting policies continued

Deferred tax is the tax arising on differences between the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their 
corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, 
and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. 
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable 
temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised  
to the extent that, based on current forecasts, it is probable that 
taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected  
to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset  
is realised. Full provision is made for deferred tax which would 
become payable on the distribution of retained profits from foreign 
subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures.

Movements in deferred tax are charged and credited in the income 
statement, except when they relate to items charged or credited 
directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also recognised  
in equity.

Critical judgements and key sources of estimation 
uncertainty 
Critical judgements in the preparation of the combined financial 
statements are set out on pages 94 and 95.

Standards, amendments and interpretations not yet effective
Recently issued standards, amendments and interpretations and 
their impact on future accounting policies and reporting have been 
considered on page 96 of the combined financial statements and 
are not expected to have a significant impact on the consolidated 
financial statements.

Reed Elsevier NV

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 173

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

1 Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of Reed Elsevier NV reflect the 50% economic interest that its shareholders have under the equalisation 
arrangements in the Reed Elsevier combined businesses, accounted for on an equity basis.

The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements are presented in pounds sterling, which is the functional currency of Reed Elsevier Group plc, 
a UK registered company which owns the publishing and information businesses of Reed Elsevier. The following analysis presents how the 
consolidated financial statements of Reed Elsevier NV, presented in euros, are derived from the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements.

Reed Elsevier NV consolidated profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Reed Elsevier combined businesses net profit attributable to parent company shareholders

in pounds sterling

Reed Elsevier combined businesses net profit attributable to parent company shareholders

in pounds sterling translated into euros at average exchange rates 

Reed Elsevier combined businesses net profit attributable to parent company shareholders in euros
Reed Elsevier NV’s 50% share of combined net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders 

Reed Elsevier NV consolidated total equity

Reed Elsevier combined shareholders’ equity in pounds sterling 
Reed Elsevier combined shareholders’ equity in pounds sterling translated into euros 

at year end exchange rates

Reed Elsevier NV’s 50% share of combined equity

2010

2009

£642m

£391m

(cid:19)751m
(cid:19)751m
(cid:19)376m

(cid:56)438m
(cid:56)438m
(cid:56)219m

2010

2009

£1,943m

£1,732m

(cid:19)2,273m
(cid:19)1,137m

(cid:56)1,940m
(cid:56)970m

2 Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses are stated after the gross remuneration for present and former directors of Reed Elsevier NV in respect of services 
rendered to Reed Elsevier NV and the combined businesses. Fees for members of the Supervisory Board of Reed Elsevier NV of (cid:56)0.3m  
(2009: (cid:56)0.2m) are included in gross remuneration. Insofar as gross remuneration is related to services rendered to Reed Elsevier Group plc 
group and Elsevier Reed Finance BV group, it is borne by these groups. Reed Elsevier NV has no employees (2009: nil). 

3 Auditors’ remuneration

Audit fees payable by Reed Elsevier NV were (cid:56)48,000 (2009: (cid:56)48,000). Further information on the audit and non-audit fees paid by the  
Reed Elsevier combined businesses to Deloitte Accountants B.V. and its associates is set out in note 3 to the combined financial statements.

174 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

4 Related party transactions

All transactions with joint ventures, which are related parties of Reed Elsevier NV, are reflected in these financial statements. Key 
management personnel are also related parties and comprise the members of the Executive Board of Reed Elsevier NV. Transactions  
with key management personnel are set out in note 33 to the combined financial statements. 

5 Finance income

Finance income from joint ventures

6 Taxation

2010
(cid:19)m

14

2009 
(cid:56)m

22 

A reconciliation of the notional tax charge based on the applicable rate of tax to the actual total tax expense is set out below.

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Profit before tax

Tax at applicable rate: 25.5% (2009: 25.5%)
Tax at applicable rate on share of results of joint ventures
Other

Tax expense/(credit)

7 Equity dividends

Ordinary dividends declared in the year

Ordinary shares

Final for prior financial year
Interim for financial year

Total

R shares

2010
(cid:19)m

379

97
(94)
–

3

2010
(cid:19)m

205
76

281

–

2009 
(cid:56)m

217

55
(50)
(7)

(2)

2009 
(cid:56)m

185
75

260

–

2010

(cid:19)(cid:0)

2009
(cid:56)

(cid:19)0.293
(cid:19)0.109
(cid:19)0.402
–

(cid:56)0.290
(cid:56)0.107
(cid:56)0.397
–

The directors of Reed Elsevier NV have proposed a final dividend of (cid:56)0.303 (2009: (cid:56)0.293). The cost of funding the proposed final dividend 
is expected to be (cid:56)212m. No liability has been recognised at the statement of financial position date. 

Ordinary dividends paid and proposed relating to the financial year

Ordinary shares
Interim (paid)
Final (proposed)

Total

R shares

2010

(cid:19)(cid:0)

2009 
(cid:56)

(cid:19)0.109
(cid:19)0.303
(cid:19)0.412
–

(cid:56)0.107
(cid:56)0.293
(cid:56)0.400
–

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 175

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

8 Earnings per ordinary share (“EPS”)

Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share

2010

2009

Weighted
average
number of
shares
(millions)

734.5
737.8

Earnings
(cid:19)m

376
376

EPS
(cid:19)
(cid:19)0.51
(cid:19)0.51

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares
(millions)

693.9
698.7

Earnings
(cid:56)m

219
219

EPS 
(cid:56)
(cid:56)0.32
(cid:56)0.31

The diluted EPS figures are calculated after taking account of the effect of potential additional ordinary shares arising from share options 
and conditional shares.

The weighted average number of shares reflects the equivalent ordinary shares amount taking into account the R shares and is after 
deducting shares held in treasury. Movements in the number of shares in issue net of treasury shares for the year ended 31 December 2010 
are shown below.

Number of ordinary shares

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares
Net release of shares by employee benefit trust

At end of year

Weighted average number of equivalent ordinary shares during the year

Year ended 31 December

Shares in
issue
(millions)

Treasury
shares
(millions)

723.7
0.2
–

723.9

(32.2)
–
0.5

(31.7)

2010
Shares in
issue net of
treasury
shares
(millions)

2009 
Shares in 
issue net of 
treasury 
shares 
(millions)

691.5
0.2
0.5

692.2

734.5

625.4
63.1
3.0

691.5

693.9

The average number of equivalent ordinary shares takes into account the R shares in the company held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC, 
which represents a 5.8% interest in the company’s share capital.

176 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

9 Adjusted figures

Adjusted profit and earnings per share figures are used by management as additional performance measures. The adjusted figures are 
derived as follows:

Profit attributable to
ordinary shares

Basic earnings 
ordinary shares

Earnings per share

Reported figures
Share of adjustments in joint ventures:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax adjustments

Adjusted figures

10 Statement of cash flows

Reconciliation of administrative expenses to cash used by operations

Administrative expenses
Net movement in payables

Cash used by operations

Reconciliation of net funding balances due from joint ventures 

At start of year
Cash flow

At end of year

2010
(cid:19)m

376

197
–
22
18
21
(59)

575

2009
(cid:56)m

219

230
76
75
19
(13)
(56)

550

2010
(cid:19)
(cid:19)0.51

(cid:19)0.27
–
(cid:19)0.03
(cid:19)0.02
(cid:19)0.03
(cid:19)(0.08)
(cid:19)0.78

2010
(cid:19)m

(2)
1

(1)

2010
(cid:19)m

1,255
104

1,359

2009 
(cid:56)
(cid:56)0.32

(cid:56)0.33
(cid:56)0.11
(cid:56)0.10
(cid:56)0.03
(cid:56)(0.02)
(cid:56)(0.08)
(cid:56)0.79

2009 
(cid:56)m

(2)
–

(2)

2009 
(cid:56)m

1,553
(298)

1,255

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

11 Investments in joint ventures

Share of results of joint ventures
Share of joint ventures’:

Net income/(expense) recognised directly in equity
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust

Equalisation adjustments
Dividends received from joint ventures
Increase in investment in joint ventures
Decrease/(increase) in net funding balances due from joint ventures 

Net movement in the year
At start of year

At end of year

2010
(cid:19)m

367

44
–
27
(4)
–
3
(1,093)
719
104

167
1,031

1,198

2009 
(cid:56)m

197

(6)
1
47
10
(2)
–
–
531
(298)

480
551

1,031

During the year the company received a dividend of (cid:56)1,093m from Elsevier Reed Finance BV. The company also subscribed for 3,751  
new ordinary E shares in Reed Elsevier Group plc for (cid:56)719m.

Summarised information showing total amounts in respect of joint ventures and Reed Elsevier NV shareholders’ 50% share is set out below:

Revenue
Net profit for the year

Total joint ventures

Reed Elsevier NV 
shareholders’ share

2010
(cid:19)m

7,084
758

2009
(cid:56)m

6,800
442

2010
(cid:19)m

3,542
367

2009 
(cid:56)m

3,400
197

Reed Elsevier NV’s share of joint ventures’ net profit attributable to parent company shareholders for the year excludes the net profit that 
arose directly in Reed Elsevier NV of (cid:56)9m (2009: (cid:56)22m).

Total assets
Total liabilities

Net assets/(liabilities)

Attributable to:
Joint ventures
Non-controlling interests

Net funding balances due from joint ventures

Total

Total joint ventures

Reed Elsevier NV 
shareholders’ share

2010
(cid:19)m

13,055
(10,750)

2,305

2,273
32

2,305

2009
(cid:56)m

12,694
(10,724)

1,970

1,940
30

1,970

2010
(cid:19)m

6,523
(6,684)

(161)

(161)
–

(161)
1,359

1,198

2009 
(cid:56)m

6,342
(6,566)

(224)

(224)
–

(224)
1,255

1,031

The above amounts exclude assets and liabilities held directly by Reed Elsevier NV and include the counterparty balances of amounts owed 
to and by other Reed Elsevier businesses. Included within Reed Elsevier NV’s share of assets and liabilities are cash and cash equivalents 
of (cid:56)431m (2009: (cid:56)408m) and borrowings of (cid:56)2,508m (2009: (cid:56)2,625m) respectively. 

12 Payables

Included within payables are employee convertible debenture loans of (cid:56)9m (2009: (cid:56)10m) with a weighted average interest rate of 3.30% 
(2009: 4.04%). Depending on the conversion terms, the surrender of (cid:56)227 or (cid:56)200 par value debenture loans qualifies for 50 Reed Elsevier NV 
ordinary shares.

178 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

13 Share capital

Authorised
Ordinary shares of (cid:56)0.07 each
R shares of (cid:56)0.70 each
Total

Issued and fully paid

At 1 January 2009
Issue of ordinary shares

At 1 January 2010
Issue of ordinary shares

At 31 December 2010

No. of shares

1,800,000,000
26,000,000

R shares
Number

4,050,720
252,459

4,303,179
–

Ordinary
shares
Number

660,629,462
63,063,439

723,692,901
184,116

4,303,179

723,877,017

R shares
(cid:19)m

Ordinary
shares
(cid:19)m

3
–

3
–

3

46
4

50
1

51

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(cid:19)m

126
18

144 

Total 
(cid:19)m

49
4

53
1

54 

The issue of shares relates to the exercise of share options and the 2009 share placing. Details of share option and conditional share schemes 
are set out in note 6 to the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements.

A share placing was announced on 30 July 2009 for up to 63,030,989 new ordinary shares representing approximately 9.9% of the 
company’s share capital prior to the placing. The shares were fully subscribed at a price of (cid:56)7.08 per share, raising (cid:56)441m net of issue costs 
of (cid:56)5m. The excess of the net proceeds received over the nominal value of the share capital issued has been credited to paid-in surplus. 
252,459 new R shares were also issued for total proceeds of (cid:56)18m.

Details of shares held in treasury are provided in note 15.

At 31 December 2010 4,303,179 R shares were held by a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier PLC. The R shares are convertible at the election  
of the holders into ten ordinary shares each and each R share carries an entitlement to cast ten votes. They have otherwise the same  
rights as the ordinary shares, except that Reed Elsevier NV may pay a lower dividend on the R shares. 

14 Paid-in surplus

At start of year
Issue of ordinary shares

At end of year

Within paid-in surplus, an amount of (cid:56)1,992m (2009: (cid:56)1,991m) is free of tax. 

15 Shares held in treasury

At start of year
Release of R shares from treasury
Share of joint ventures’ settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust 
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

2010
(cid:19)m

2,168
1

2,169

2009 
(cid:56)m

1,712
456

2,168 

2010
(cid:19)m

434
–
(5)
4

433

2009 
(cid:56)m

477
(21)
(32)
10

434

Further details of shares held in treasury are provided in note 30 to the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 179

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

16 Translation reserve

At start of year
Share of joint ventures’ exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 
Exchange translation differences on capital and reserves

At end of year

17 Other reserves

At start of year
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Issue of ordinary shares, net of expenses
Share of joint ventures’:

Actuarial (losses)/gains on defined benefit pension schemes 
Cumulative fair value movements on disposal of available for sale investments 
Fair value movements on cash flow hedges
Tax recognised directly in equity
(Decrease)/increase in share based remuneration reserve
Settlement of share awards by employee benefit trust
Transfer to net profit from hedge reserve

Equalisation adjustments
Equity dividends paid

At end of year

18 Contingent liabilities

There are contingent liabilities in respect of borrowings of joint ventures guaranteed by Reed Elsevier NV as follows:

Guaranteed jointly and severally with Reed Elsevier PLC 

2010
(cid:19)m

(153)
98
4

(51)

2010
(cid:19)m

(664)
376
–

(37)
–
(34)
17
(4)
(5)
27
3
(281)

(602)

2009 
(cid:56)m

(138) 
(25)
10

(153)

2009 
(cid:56)m

(655)
219
(11)

4
1
29
(14)
10
(34)
47
–
(260)

(664)

2010
(cid:19)m

4,591

2009 
(cid:56)m

4,913

Financial instruments disclosures in respect of the borrowings covered by the above guarantees are given in note 18 to the Reed Elsevier 
combined financial statements.

180 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2010

Reed Elsevier NV

19 Principal joint ventures

Reed Elsevier Group plc
Incorporated and operating in Great Britain
1-3 Strand
London WC2N 5JR
Holding company for operating businesses 
involved in science & medical, risk management, legal and 
business publishing and organisation of trade exhibitions
Elsevier Reed Finance BV
Incorporated in the Netherlands
Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam, the Netherlands 
Holding company for financing businesses

£18,385 ordinary R shares  
£18,385 ordinary E shares  
£100,000 7.5% cumulative preference non-voting shares

–
100%
–

% holding

Equivalent to a 50% equity interest

133 ordinary R shares 
205 ordinary E shares 

Equivalent to a 61% equity interest

–
100%

The R shares in Reed Elsevier Group plc and Elsevier Reed Finance BV and the non-voting preference shares in Reed Elsevier Group plc 
are owned by Reed Elsevier PLC.

In addition, Reed Elsevier NV holds shares with special dividend rights in Reed Elsevier Overseas BV, a subsidiary of Reed Elsevier Group plc 
with registered offices in Amsterdam. These shares are included in the amount shown under investments in joint ventures and enable 
Reed Elsevier NV to receive dividends from companies within the same tax jurisdiction.

A list of companies within Reed Elsevier is filed with the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce in the Netherlands. 

20 Approval of financial statements

The consolidated financial statements were signed and authorised for issue by the Combined Board of directors on 16 February 2011.

A J Habgood
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
and the Combined Board

M H Armour
Chief Financial Officer

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 181

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report on the consolidated  
financial statements to the shareholders of Reed Elsevier NV

Opinion with respect to the consolidated  
financial statements
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true  
and fair view of the financial position of Reed Elsevier NV as at  
31 December 2010, and of its results and its cash flows for the year 
then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European Union and with Part 9 of 
Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
Pursuant to the legal requirement under 2:393 sub 5 at e and f of 
the Dutch Civil Code, we have no deficiencies to report as a result  
of our examination whether the report of the Supervisory Board 
and the Executive Board, to the extent we can assess, has been 
prepared in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of this Code, and if 
the information as required under section 2:392 sub 1 at b-h has 
been annexed. Further we report, to the extent we can assess,  
that the report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board  
is consistent with the consolidated financial statements as required 
by 2:391 sub 4 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Deloitte Accountants B.V.
A Sandler 
Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 
16 February 2011

Report on the consolidated financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial 
statements 2010 which are part of the financial statements of  
Reed Elsevier NV, Amsterdam, which comprise the consolidated 
statement of financial position as at 31 December 2010, the 
consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of cash flows, 
and the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year 
then ended and the notes, comprising a summary of the accounting 
policies and other explanatory information, as set out in pages 170  
to 181.

Management’s responsibility
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation 
of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the 
European Union and with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, 
and for the preparation of the report of the Supervisory Board and 
the Executive Board in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the 
Dutch Civil Code. Furthermore, management is responsible for such 
internal control as it determines necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated 
financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit  
in accordance with Dutch law, including the Dutch Standards on 
Auditing. This requires that we comply with ethical requirements  
and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance 
about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from 
material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence 
about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial 
statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s 
judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material 
misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether  
due to fraud or error.

In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal 
control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation  
of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not  
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness  
of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating 
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the 
reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management,  
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

182 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Parent company profit and loss account

For the year ended 31 December

Administrative expenses
Dividends received from joint ventures
Finance income from joint ventures
Taxation

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Parent company balance sheet

As at 31 December

Fixed assets
Investments in joint ventures
Current assets
Amounts due from joint ventures – funding
Amounts due from joint ventures – other

Cash

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Taxation
Other creditors

Net current assets

Net assets

Capital and reserves
Share capital issued
Paid-in surplus
Shares held in treasury
Other reserves
Reserves

Shareholders’ funds

Reed Elsevier NV

2010
(cid:19)m

(2)
1,093
14
(3)

1,102

2009 
(cid:56)m

(2)
–
22
2

22

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2010
(cid:19)m

2009 
(cid:56)m

3,597

2,871

1

1,359
2

1,361
3

1,364

(55)
(22)

(77)

1,287

4,884

54
2,169
(336)
175
2,822

4,884

1,255
2

1,257
3

1,260

(56)
(10)

(66)

1,194

4,065

53
2,168
(336)
179
2,001

4,065

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The parent company financial statements were signed and authorised for issue by the Combined Board of directors on 16 February 2011.

A J Habgood
Chairman of the Supervisory Board

M H Armour 
Chief Financial Officer

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 183

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parent company reconciliation of shareholders’ funds

At 1 January 2009
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Equity dividends paid
Release of shares
Issue of shares, net of expenses
Equity instruments granted to employees  

of combined businesses

At 1 January 2010
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Equity dividends paid
Issue of shares, net of expenses
Equity instruments granted to employees  

of combined businesses

At 31 December 2010

Share capital
issued
(cid:19)m

Paid-in
surplus(i)
(cid:19)m

Shares held
in treasury
(cid:19)m

49
–
–
–
4

–

53
–
–
1

–

54

1,712
–
–
–
456

–

2,168
–
–
1

–

2,169

(357)
–
–
21
–

–

(336)
–
–
–

–

(336)

Other 
reserves(iii)

(cid:19)m

169
–
–
–
–

10

179
–
–
–

(4)

175

Reserves
(cid:19)m

2,250
22
(260)
–
(11)

–

2,001
1,102
(281)
–

Total 
(cid:19)m

3,823
22
(260)
21
449

10

4,065
1,102
(281)
2

–

(4)

2,822

4,884

(i) Within paid-in surplus, an amount of (cid:56)1,992m (2009: (cid:56)1,991m) is free of tax. 

(ii)   Free reserves of the company at 31 December 2010 were (cid:56)4,655m (2009: (cid:56)3,833m), comprising reserves and paid-in surplus less  

shares held in treasury. 

(iii)   Other reserves relate to equity instruments granted to employees of the combined businesses under share based remuneration 

arrangements. Other reserves do not form part of free reserves. 

Parent company accounting policies

Short term investments are stated at the lower of cost and net 
realisable value. Other assets and liabilities are stated at historical 
cost, less provision, if appropriate, for any impairment in value.

Shares held in treasury
The amount of consideration paid, including directly attributable 
costs for shares repurchased, is recognised as shares held  
in treasury and presented as a deduction from total equity.

Foreign exchange translation
Transactions entered into in foreign currencies are recorded  
at the exchange rates applicable at the time of the transaction.

Taxation
Deferred taxation is provided in full for timing differences using  
the liability method. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to  
the extent that they are considered recoverable in the short term. 
Deferred taxation balances are not discounted.

Basis of preparation
The parent company financial statements have been prepared under 
the historical cost convention. As permitted by 2:362 subsection 1  
of the Dutch Civil Code for companies with international operations, 
the parent company financial statements have been prepared  
in accordance with UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice  
(UK GAAP) ensuring consistency. The financial information relating to  
the company is recognised in the consolidated financial statements. 
In accordance with 2:402 of The Netherlands Civil Code, the parent 
company financial statements only contain an abridged profit and 
loss account.

The parent company financial statements are prepared on a going 
concern basis, as explained on page 169.

The Reed Elsevier NV accounting policies under UK GAAP  
are set out below.

Investments
Fixed asset investments in the combined businesses are stated at 
cost, less provision, if appropriate, for any impairment in value. The 
fair value of the award of share options and conditional shares over 
Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares to employees of the Reed Elsevier 
combined businesses are treated as a capital contribution.

Principal joint ventures are set out in note 19 of the Reed Elsevier NV 
consolidated financial statements.

184 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes to the parent company financial statements

Reed Elsevier NV

1 Other creditors

Other creditors include (cid:56)9m (2009: (cid:56)10m) of employee convertible debenture loans with a weighted average interest rate of  
3.30% (2009: 4.04%). Depending on the conversion terms, the surrender of (cid:56)227 or (cid:56)200 par value debenture loans qualifies
for 50 Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares. 

2 Reconciliations to consolidated financial statements

A reconciliation of the parent company profit attributable to ordinary shareholders prepared under UK GAAP and the consolidated profit 
attributable to ordinary shareholders prepared under IFRS and presented under the equity method is provided below:

Year ended 31 December

Parent company profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Share of results of joint ventures
Dividends received from joint ventures

Consolidated profit attributable to ordinary shareholders using the equity method

2010
(cid:19)m

1,102
367
(1,093)

376

2009 
(cid:56)m

22
197
–

219

A reconciliation between the parent company shareholders’ funds prepared under UK GAAP and the consolidated shareholders’ funds 
prepared under IFRS and presented under the equity method is provided below:

As at 31 December

Parent company shareholders’ funds
Cumulative share of results of joint ventures less cumulative dividends received from joint ventures   
Cumulative currency translation adjustments
Cumulative equalisation and other adjustments
Share of treasury shares held by joint ventures’ employee benefit trust 
Share of IFRS adjustments in joint ventures
Equity instruments granted to employees of combined businesses 

Consolidated shareholders’ funds using the equity method 

2010
(cid:19)m

4,884
(2,747) 
(271)
145
(97)
(602)
(175)

1,137

2009 
(cid:56)m

4,065
(2,021)
(373)
178
(98)
(602)
(179)

970

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 185

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional information

R shares
Reed Elsevier NV has two types of shares: ordinary shares of (cid:56)0.07 nominal value and R shares of (cid:56)0.70 nominal value. Each R share  
is convertible into 10 ordinary shares and is entitled to cast ten (10) votes. Otherwise it has the same rights as an ordinary share, except  
that Reed Elsevier NV may pay a lower dividend on it, but not less than 1% of the nominal value of an R share.

Profit allocation
The Articles of Association provide that distributions of dividend may only be made insofar as the company’s equity exceeds the amount  
of the paid in capital, increased by the reserves which must be kept by virtue of the law and may be made in cash or in shares, at the 
proposal of the Combined Board. Distribution of dividends on ordinary shares and on the class R shares shall be made in proportion  
to the nominal value of each share. The Combined Board may resolve that the dividend to be paid on each class R share shall be lower 
than the dividend to be paid on each ordinary share, resolving at the same time what amount of dividend shall be paid on each ordinary 
share and each class R share, respectively.

Proposal for allocation of profit

Final dividend on ordinary shares for prior financial year
Interim dividend on ordinary shares for financial year
Dividend on R shares
Retained profit/(loss)

2010
(cid:19)m

205
76
–
821

1,102

2009 
(cid:56)m

185
75
–
(238)

22

186 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Independent auditors’ report on the parent company  
financial statements to the shareholders of Reed Elsevier NV

Reed Elsevier NV

Opinion with respect to the parent company  
financial statements
In our opinion, the parent company financial statements give a  
true and fair view of the financial position of Reed Elsevier NV as  
at 31 December 2010 and of its result for the year then ended in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United Kingdom and with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
Pursuant to the legal requirement under 2:393 sub 5 at e and f of 
the Dutch Civil Code, we have no deficiencies to report as a result  
of our examination whether the report of the Supervisory Board  
and the Executive Board, to the extent we can assess, has been 
prepared in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of this Code, and if 
the information as required under section 2:392 sub 1 at b-h has 
been annexed. Further we report that the report of the Supervisory 
Board and the Executive Board, to the extent we can assess, is 
consistent with the consolidated financial statements as required  
by 2:391 sub 4 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Deloitte Accountants B.V.
A Sandler
Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 
16 February 2011

Report on the company financial statements
We have audited the accompanying parent company financial 
statements 2010 which are part of the financial statements of  
Reed Elsevier NV, Amsterdam, which comprise the parent company 
balance sheet as at 31 December 2010, the parent company profit 
and loss account for the year then ended, the parent company 
reconciliation of shareholders’ funds and the notes, comprising  
a summary of the accounting policies and the additional information, 
as set out in pages 183 to 186.

Management’s responsibility
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation 
of the parent company financial statements both in accordance  
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Kingdom 
and with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, and for the 
preparation of the report of the Supervisory Board and the Executive 
Board in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code. 
Furthermore, management is also responsible for such internal 
control as it determines necessary to enable the preparation of the 
parent company financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the parent company 
financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit  
in accordance with Dutch law, including the Dutch Standards on 
Auditing. This requires that we comply with ethical requirements  
and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance 
about whether the parent company financial statements are free 
from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence 
about the amounts and disclosures in the parent company financial 
statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s 
judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material 
misstatement of the parent company financial statements,  
whether due to fraud or error. 

In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal 
control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation  
of the parent company financial statements in order to design  
audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but  
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness  
of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating  
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the 
reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, 
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the parent company 
financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 187

 
 
 
 
 
 
5 year summary

Combined financial information
Revenue – continuing operations
Reported operating profit – continuing operations
Adjusted operating profit – continuing operations
Reported profit attributable to shareholders – total operations
Adjusted profit attributable to shareholders – total operations

Reed Elsevier NV consolidated financial information
Reported profit attributable to shareholders
Adjusted profit attributable to shareholders
Reported earnings per ordinary share ((cid:56))
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share ((cid:56))
Dividend per ordinary share ((cid:56))

Note

2
2
2

3

2010
(cid:19)m

7,084
1,275
1,819
751
1,150

376
575
(cid:42)0.51
(cid:42)0.78
(cid:42)0.412

2009
(cid:56)m

6,800
881
1,758
438
1,099

219
550
(cid:56)0.32
(cid:56)0.79
(cid:56)0.400

2008
(cid:56)m

6,721
1,135
1,737
587
1,159

294
580
(cid:56)0.44
(cid:56)0.87
(cid:56)0.404

2007
(cid:56)m

6,693
1,296
1,660
1,709
1,244

855
622
(cid:56)1.10
(cid:56)0.80
(cid:56)0.425

2006 
(cid:56)m

6,628
1,231
1,589
916
1,170

458
585
(cid:56)0.59
(cid:56)0.76
(cid:56)0.406

(1)   Adjusted figures are presented as additional performance measures used by management and are stated before amortisation and 
impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, and in respect of 
attributable profit, reflect a tax rate that excludes the effect of movements in deferred taxation assets and liabilities that are not expected 
to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit of tax amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. 
Acquisition related costs and profit and loss from disposal gains and losses and other non operating items are also excluded from the 
adjusted figures.

(2)   Revenue, reported operating profit and adjusted operating profit are presented for continuing operations. Net profit from discontinued 

operations is included in profit attributable to shareholders.

(3)   Dividend per ordinary share is based on the interim dividend and proposed final dividend for the relevant year, and does not include the 

(cid:56)1.767 per share special distribution in 2008.

188 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Other information

Additional information for US Investors

190 Reed Elsevier combined businesses

192 Reed Elsevier PLC

193 Reed Elsevier NV

Shareholder information

194 Shareholder information

196 Contacts

197 Financial calendar

Principal operating locations

198 Principal operating locations

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 189

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Summary financial information in US dollars

Basis of preparation
The summary financial information is a simple translation of the Reed Elsevier combined financial statements into US dollars at the stated 
rates of exchange. The financial information provided below is prepared under IFRS as used in the preparation of the Reed Elsevier combined 
financial statements. It does not represent a restatement under US GAAP which would be different in some significant respects.

Exchange rates for translation

US dollars to sterling

Income statement

Statement of 
financial position

2010

1.55

2009

1.57

2010

1.56

2009

1.62

Combined income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Revenue
Operating profit
Profit before tax
Profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders

Adjusted operating profit
Adjusted profit before tax
Adjusted profit attributable to parent companies’ shareholders

2010
US$m

9,385
1,690
1,190
995

2,410
1,982
1,524

2009
US$m

9,531
1,236
683
614

2,465
2,008
1,542

190 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Combined statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December

Net cash from operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in financing activities

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

Movement in cash and cash equivalents
At start of year
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Exchange translation differences

At end of year

Adjusted operating cash flow

Combined statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Non-current assets
Current assets
Assets held for sale

Total assets

Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale

Total liabilities

Net assets

Additional information for US Investors

2010
US$m

2,097
(510)
(1,587)

–

1,189
–
(31)

1,158

2,354

2010
US$m

13,383
4,023
–

17,406

6,079
8,254
–

14,333

3,073

2009
US$m

1,870
(493)
(904)

473

544
473
172

1,189

2,446 

2009
US$m

14,186
 4,167
8

18,361

6,259
9,244
8

15,511

2,850

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 191

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reed Elsevier PLC

Summary financial information in US dollars

Basis of preparation
The summary financial information is a simple translation of Reed Elsevier PLC’s consolidated financial statements into US dollars at the  
stated rates of exchange. The financial information provided below is prepared under IFRS as used in the preparation of the Reed Elsevier PLC 
consolidated financial statements. It does not represent a restatement under US GAAP which would be different in some significant respects.

Exchange rates for translation of sterling ($:£1) 

Income statement 
Statement of financial position

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Adjusted profit attributable to 52.9% interest in Reed Elsevier combined businesses 
Share of joint ventures’:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax adjustments

Profit attributable to 52.9% interest in Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Data per American Depositary Share (ADS)

Earnings per ADS based on 52.9% interest in Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Adjusted 
Basic

Net dividend per ADS declared in the year
Net dividend per ADS paid and proposed in relation to the financial year   

Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Shareholders’ equity

2010
US$:£

1.55
1.56

2009
US$:£

1.57
1.62

2010
US$m

507

806

(276)
–
(31)
(23)
(31)
82

527

2010
US$

$2.69
$1.69
$1.26
$1.26

2009
US$m

306

815

(341)
(113)
(110)
(28)
19
83

325

2009
US$

$2.88
$1.08
$1.28
$1.28

2010
US$m

1,604

2009
US$m

1,484

Adjusted earnings per American Depositary Share is based on Reed Elsevier PLC shareholders’ 52.9% share of the adjusted profit attributable 
of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses, which excludes amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, 
exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, disposal gains and losses and other non operating items, related tax effects  
and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit of tax 
amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. Adjusted figures are additional performance measures used by 
management and are described in note 9 to the Reed Elsevier PLC consolidated financial statements.

Reed Elsevier PLC shares are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange and trading is in the form of American Depositary Shares (ADSs), 
evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), representing four Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares. (CUSIP No. 758205207; trading 
symbol, RUK; Bank of New York is the ADR Depositary.)

192 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier NV

Additional information for US Investors

Summary financial information in US dollars

Basis of preparation
The summary financial information is a simple translation of the Reed Elsevier NV consolidated financial statements into US dollars at the 
stated rates of exchange. The financial information provided below is prepared under IFRS as used in the preparation of the Reed Elsevier NV 
consolidated financial statements. It does not represent a restatement under US GAAP which would be different in some significant respects.

Exchange rates for translation of euros ($:(cid:19)1) 
Income statement
Statement of financial position

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 December

Adjusted profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
Share of joint ventures’:

Amortisation of acquired intangible assets
Impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill
Exceptional restructuring costs
Acquisition related costs
Disposals and other non operating items
Deferred tax adjustments

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Data per American Depositary Share (ADS)

Earnings per ADS based on 50% interest in Reed Elsevier combined businesses

Adjusted 
Basic

Net dividend per ADS declared in the year
Net dividend per ADS paid and proposed in relation to the financial year   

Consolidated statement of financial position

As at 31 December

Shareholders’ equity

2010
US$:(cid:19)

1.32
1.33

2009
US$:(cid:56)

1.40
1.44

2010
US$m

762

(261)
–
(29)
(24)
(28)
78

498

2010
US$

$2.07
$1.35
$1.07
$1.09

2009
US$m

770

(322)
(106)
(105)
(27)
18
79

307

2009
US$

$2.21
$0.90 
$1.11
$1.12

2010
US$m

1,516

2009
US$m

1,403

Adjusted earnings per American Depositary Share is based on Reed Elsevier NV shareholders’ 50% share of the adjusted profit attributable 
of the Reed Elsevier combined businesses, which excludes amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, 
exceptional restructuring and acquisition related costs, disposal gains and losses and other non operating items, related tax effects 
and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are not expected to crystallise in the near term and includes the benefit of tax 
amortisation where available on acquired goodwill and intangible assets. Adjusted figures are additional performance measures used by 
management and are described in note 9 to the Reed Elsevier NV consolidated financial statements.

Reed Elsevier NV shares are quoted on the New York Stock Exchange and trading is in the form of American Depositary Shares (ADSs), 
evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), representing two Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares. (CUSIP No. 758204200; trading 
symbol, ENL; Bank of New York is the ADR Depositary.)

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 193

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
Shareholder information

Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010
The Annual Reports and Financial Statements for the Reed Elsevier 
combined businesses, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV for 
the year ended 31 December 2010, and the Corporate Governance 
Statement of Reed Elsevier NV are available on the Reed Elsevier 
website, and from the registered offices of the respective parent 
companies shown on page 196. Additional financial information, 
including the Interim and Full Year Results announcements, Interim 
Management Statements and presentations is also available on the 
Reed Elsevier website www.reedelsevier.com.

The Reed Elsevier combined financial statements set out in the 
Annual Reports and Financial Statements are expressed in sterling, 
with summary combined financial information expressed in euros. 
The financial statements of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
are expressed in sterling and euros respectively. Reed Elsevier NV  
no longer publishes on the website a full convenience translation in 
euros of the Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements.

Interim results
Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV no longer publish  
interim results in hard copy. The interim results are available  
on the Reed Elsevier website.

Share price information
Reed Elsevier PLC’s ordinary shares are quoted on the London 
Stock Exchange.

Reed Elsevier NV’s ordinary shares are quoted on the Euronext 
Amsterdam Stock Exchange.

The Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares are 
quoted on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American 
Depositary Shares (ADSs), evidenced by American Depositary 
Receipts (ADRs). Each Reed Elsevier PLC ADR represents four 
Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares. Each Reed Elsevier NV ADR 
represents two Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares.

The Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary share prices 
and the ADR prices may be obtained from the Reed Elsevier website, 
other online sources and the financial pages of some newspapers.

(cid:27) (cid:3)For further information visit  

www.reedelsevier.com

Information for Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shareholders

Shareholder services
The Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary share register is administered by 
Equiniti Limited. Equiniti provides a free online portal for shareholders 
at www.shareview.co.uk. Shareview provides shareholders with instant 
access to details of their shareholding and dividend payments, with  
the ability to update personal details and to register a bank mandate. 
Equiniti’s contact details appear on page 196.

Electronic communications
While hard copy shareholder communications continue to  
be available to those shareholders actively requesting them,  
in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 and its Articles of 
Association, Reed Elsevier PLC uses the Reed Elsevier website as 
the main method of communicating with shareholders. By registering 
their details online at Shareview, shareholders can be notified by email 
when shareholder communications are published on the website. 
Shareholders can also use the Shareview website to appoint a proxy 
to vote on their behalf at shareholder meetings.

Shareholders who hold their Reed Elsevier PLC shares through 
CREST may appoint proxies for shareholder meetings through  
the CREST electronic proxy appointment service by using the 
procedures described in the CREST manual.

Dividend mandates
Shareholders are encouraged to have their dividends paid directly 
into a UK bank or building society account. This method of payment 
reduces the risk of delay or loss of dividend cheques in the post and 
ensures the account is credited on the dividend payment date. A 
dividend mandate form can be obtained online at www.shareview.co.
uk, or by contacting Equiniti at the address shown on page 196.

Equiniti has established a service for overseas shareholders in over 
30 countries, which enables shareholders to have their dividends 
automatically converted from sterling and paid directly into their 
nominated bank account. Further details of this service, and the fees 
applicable, are available at www.shareview.co.uk or by contacting 
Equiniti at the address shown on page 196.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Shareholders can choose to reinvest their Reed Elsevier PLC 
dividends by purchasing further shares through the Dividend 
Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”) provided by Equiniti. Further information 
concerning the DRIP facility, together with the terms and conditions 
and an application form can be obtained online at www.shareview.
co.uk/dividends or by contacting Equiniti at the address shown on 
page 196.

Share dealing service
A telephone and internet dealing service is available through Reed 
Elsevier PLC’s Registrar, which provides a simple way for UK-resident 
shareholders to buy or sell Reed Elsevier PLC shares. For telephone 
dealing call 08456 037 037 between 8.00am and 4.30pm, Monday 
to Friday, and for internet dealing log on to www.shareview.co.uk/
dealing. You will need your shareholder account number shown on 
your dividend tax voucher.

194 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Shareholder information continued

Shareholder information

Shareholder Communications Channel for  
Reed Elsevier NV shareholders
Reed Elsevier NV has entered into arrangements with Stichting 
Communicatiekanaal Aandeelhouders (Shareholder Communication 
Channel Trustee) in the Netherlands, facilitating the communication 
with and between shareholders, particularly in connection with 
general shareholders’ meetings. Under these arrangements, holders 
of Reed Elsevier NV bearer shares whose shares are held in the 
custody of a Dutch bank, and who have notified the intermediary 
authority appointed for these purposes of their interest, will receive 
written information from the company with a proxy form for their 
representation at general shareholder meetings. Reed Elsevier NV 
also uses the e-voting system of RBS, that allows its shareholders  
to vote electronically at general meetings of shareholders and 
provides the shareholder that uses the system confirmation that  
the vote was cast.

Information for Reed Elsevier PLC and  
Reed Elsevier NV ADR holders

The Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ADR Depositary is 
BNY Mellon. Reed Elsevier PLC’s CUSIP number is 758205207 and 
its trading symbol is RUK. Each Reed Elsevier PLC ADR represents 
four Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares. Reed Elsevier NV’s CUSIP 
number is 758204200 and its trading symbol is ENL. Each Reed 
Elsevier NV ADR represents two Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares.

ADR shareholder services
Enquiries concerning Reed Elsevier PLC or Reed Elsevier NV ADRs 
should be addressed to the ADR Depositary at the address shown 
on page 196.

Dividends
Dividend payments on Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV 
ADRs are converted into US dollars by the ADR Depositary.

Annual Report on Form 20-F
The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the Reed Elsevier combined 
businesses, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV will  
be filed electronically with the United States Securities and  
Exchange Commission. A copy of Form 20-F for the year ended  
31 December 2010 will be available on the Reed Elsevier website,  
or from the ADR Depositary at the address shown on page 196.

Individual savings accounts (ISA)
A single company ISA for Reed Elsevier PLC shares is available through 
Equiniti. Details may be obtained from www.shareview.co.uk/ISA,  
by writing to Equiniti at the address shown on page 196, or by calling 
their ISA helpline on 0845 300 0430.

ShareGift
The Orr Mackintosh Foundation operates a charity share donation 
scheme for shareholders with small parcels of shares whose value 
makes it uneconomic to sell them. Details of the scheme can be 
obtained from the ShareGift website at www.sharegift.org, or by 
telephoning ShareGift on 020 7930 3737.

Sub-division of ordinary shares and share consolidation
On 28 July 1986 each Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary share of £1 
nominal value was sub-divided into four ordinary shares of 25p each. 
On 2 May 1997 each 25p ordinary share was sub-divided into 
two ordinary shares of 12.5p each. On 7 January 2008 the ordinary 
shares of 12.5p each were consolidated on the basis of 58 new 
ordinary shares of 1451⁄116p nominal value for every 67 ordinary  
shares of 12.5p each held.

Capital gains tax
The mid-market price of Reed Elsevier PLC’s £1 ordinary shares  
on 31 March 1982 was 282p. Adjusting for the sub-divisions and 
share consolidation referred to above, results in an equivalent  
mid-market price of 40.72p for each existing ordinary share of 
1451⁄116p nominal value.

Information for Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shareholders

Shareholder enquiries
Enquiries from holders of Reed Elsevier NV registered ordinary shares 
in relation to share transfers, dividends, change of address and  
bank accounts should be directed to the Company Secretary of  
Reed Elsevier NV, at the registered office address shown on page 196.

Dividends
Dividends on Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares are declared and 
paid in euros. Registered shareholders in Reed Elsevier NV will 
receive dividends from the company by transmission to the bank 
account which they have notified to the company. Dividends on 
shares in bearer form are paid through the intermediary of a bank  
or broker.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan
By instructing their bank or intermediary, shareholders can choose  
to reinvest their Reed Elsevier NV dividends by purchasing further 
shares through the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”) provided 
by Royal Bank of Scotland N.V. Further information concerning  
the DRIP facility can be obtained online at www.securitiesinfo.nl.

Consolidation of ordinary shares
On 7 January 2008 each Reed Elsevier NV ordinary share of 
(cid:56)0.06 each were consolidated on the basis of 58 new ordinary 
shares of (cid:56)0.07 each for every 67 ordinary shares of (cid:56)0.06 held.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 195

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reed Elsevier NV
Radarweg 29 
1043 NX Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Tel: +31 (0) 20 485 2222
Fax: +31 (0) 20 485 2032

Deloitte Accountants B.V. 
Orlyplein 50 
1043 DP Amsterdam 
The Netherlands

Listing/paying agent
Royal Bank of Scotland N.V.
Gustav Mahlerlaan 10 
1082 PP Amsterdam 
The Netherlands

Contacts

Reed Elsevier PLC
1-3 Strand 
London WC2N 5JR 
United Kingdom 

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7930 7077 
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7166 5799

Auditors
Deloitte LLP 
2 New Street Square
London EC4A 3BZ
United Kingdom

Registrar
Equiniti Limited
Aspect House
Spencer Road
Lancing
West Sussex
BN99 6DA
United Kingdom

www.shareview.co.uk

0871 384 2960 

Tel:
(calls charged at 8p per minute from a BT landline,  
other telephony providers’ costs may vary)

Tel: +44 121 415 7047 (non-UK callers) 

Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ADR Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
480 Washington Blvd 27th Floor
Jersey City NJ 07310
USA

email: https://vault.bnymellon.com

www.adrbny.com

Tel: +1 888 269 2377 

+1 201 680 6825 (outside the US) 

196 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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2011 financial calendar

Shareholder information

17 February

19 April

19 April
20 April
20 April
21 April
26 April
27 April
17 May

24 May

28 July

3 August

5 August

26 August

2 September

17 November

PLC
NV
PLC
NV
NV
PLC
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV
PLC
NV

Announcement of Results for the year ended 31 December 2010

Interim Management Statement issued in relation to the 2011 financial year

Annual General Meeting – Reed Elsevier NV, Hilton Hotel, Apollolaan 138, 1077 BG Amsterdam 
Annual General Meeting – Reed Elsevier PLC, Millennium Hotel, Grosvenor Square, London W1K 2HP
Ex-dividend date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares and ADRs
Ex-dividend date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares and ADRs
Record date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC ordinary shares and ADRs
Record date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares and ADRs
Payment date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares

Payment date – 2010 final dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ADRs

Announcement of Interim Results for the six months to 30 June 2011

Ex-dividend date – 2011 interim dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares
and ADRs
Record date – 2011 interim dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares and ADRs

Payment date – 2011 interim dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ordinary shares

Payment date – 2011 interim dividend, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV ADRs

Interim Management Statement issued in relation to the 2011 financial year

The following tables set out dividends paid (or proposed) in relation to the three financial years 2008–2010.

Final dividend for 2010*
Interim dividend for 2010
Final dividend for 2009
Interim dividend for 2009
Final dividend for 2008
Interim dividend for 2008

per PLC ordinary share

15.0p
5.4p
15.0p
5.4p
15.0p
5.3p

per NV ordinary share
(cid:56)0.303
(cid:56)0.109
(cid:56)0.293
(cid:56)0.107
(cid:56)0.290
(cid:56)0.114

Payment date

17 May 2011
27 August 2010
21 May 2010
28 August 2009
22 May 2009
29 August 2008

*Proposed dividend, to be submitted for approval at the respective Annual General Meetings of Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV in April 2011.

Final dividend for 2010
Interim dividend for 2010
Final dividend for 2009
Interim dividend for 2009
Final dividend for 2008
Interim dividend for 2008

per PLC ADR

per NV ADR

Payment date

**
$0.33480
$0.86010
$0.35164
$0.94782
$0.38743

**
$0.23512
$0.62137
$0.26060
$0.68679
$0.28473

24 May 2011
3 September 2010
28 May 2010
4 September 2009
1 June 2009
5 September 2008

**Payment will be determined using the appropriate £/US$ and (cid:56)/US$ exchange rate on 17 May 2011.

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 197

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal operating locations

Reed Elsevier
1-3 Strand  
London WC2N 5JR, UK
Tel:  +44 (0)20 7930 7077
Fax:  +44 (0)20 7166 5799

Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel:  +31 (0)20 485 2222
Fax:  +31 (0)20 485 2032

125 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor
New York, NY 10017, USA
Tel:  +1 212 309 8100
Fax:  +1 212 309 8187

For further information or contact details, please consult  
our website: www.reedelsevier.com

Elsevier
Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam
The Netherlands
www.elsevier.com

The Boulevard, Langford Lane
Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd
Suite 1800, Philadelphia
PA 19103, USA
www.us.elsevierhealth.com

3251 Riverport Lane
Maryland Heights, MO 63043, USA

LexisNexis Legal & Professional
125 Park Avenue, 23rd Floor
New York, NY 10017, USA
www.lexisnexis.com

9443 Springboro Pike
Miamisburg, OH 45342, USA

Halsbury House, 35 Chancery Lane
London WC2A 1EL, UK
www.lexisnexis.co.uk

LexisNexis Risk Solutions
1000 Alderman Drive
Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA

Reed Exhibitions
Gateway House, 28 The Quadrant
Richmond, Surrey TW9 1DN, UK
www.reedexpo.com

Reed Business Information
Quadrant House, The Quadrant
Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS, UK
www.reedbusiness.co.uk

Elsevier Reed Finance BV
Radarweg 29
1043 NX Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel:  +31 (0)20 485 2222
Fax:  +31 (0)20 485 2032

198 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Notes

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Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010 Reed Elsevier 199

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes

200 Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2010

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Reed Elsevier is a world leading provider  
of professional information solutions in  
the Science, Medical, Risk, Legal and 
Business sectors. 

Our customers use our products every  
day to advance science, improve medical 
outcomes, evaluate risk, enable better legal 
decisions, forge business relationships and 
gain business insight.

Credits

Designed and produced by
CONRAN DESIGN GROUP
Board photography by 
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Printed on Revive 50:50 Silk a recycled paper, Forest Stewardship 
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is bleached using an Elemental Chlorine Free process (ECF).  
The inks used in the printing of this report are all vegetable based.

Full report online 
The Reed Elsevier Annual Reports and Financial 
Statements 2010 are available to view online.
www.reedelsevier.com/ar10

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www.reedelsevier.com

Annual Reports and  
Financial Statements  
 2010

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