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FY2012 Annual Report · Rollins
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Annual Report

For year ended 30 November 2012

Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com

This document was designed by Alison Webber, Graphic Designer for the Rotala Group.

Contents

Rotala at a Glance

Directors, Secretary & Advisers

Financial Highlights

Strategy & Organisation

Review of Operations  
& Statutory Reports

Chairman’s Statement & Review of Operations

Directors’ Report

Auditors’ Report

Financial Statements

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Company Balance Sheet

Notes to the Company Financial Statements

Shareholder Information

Notice of Annual General Meeting

Notes to Members

Explanatory Notes to Notice of Annual General Meeting

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02 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Directors, Secretary & Advisers

Country of incorporation of parent company

England and Wales

Company registration number

5338907

Legal form

Directors

Registered Office

Public Limited Company

John Gunn (Non Executive - Chairman)

Simon Dunn (Chief Executive)

Robert Dunn (Executive Director)

Geoffrey Flight (Non-Executive Director)

Kim Taylor (Group Finance Director)

Beacon House

Long Acre

Birmingham

B7 5JJ

Telephone: 0121 322 2222

Fax: 0121 322 2718

Company Secretary

Kim Taylor

Nominated Adviser and Broker

Numis Securities Limited

The London Stock Exchange Building

10 Paternoster Square

Auditor

Solicitors

Registrars

Bankers

London

EC4M 7LT

Grant Thornton UK LLP

Chartered Accountants

Registered Auditor

Colmore Plaza

20 Colmore Circus

Birmingham B4 6AT

Shakespeares Legal LLP

Park House

Friar Lane

Nottingham

NG1 6DN

Capita Registrars Limited

34 Beckenham Road

Beckenham BR3 4TU

RBS/Natwest

1 St. Philips Place

Birmingham B3 2PP

ROTALA AT A GLANCE // DIRECTORS, SECRETARY & ADVISERS & FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

03

Financial Highlights

A glance at the highlights of the financial year ended 
30 November 2012.

Revenue
£54,813,000

2.3%

Profit before Taxation
£2,076,000
10.5%

Dividend
1.40p

16.7%

2012 

    £54,813,000

2012 

      £2,076,000

2011 

£56,077,000

2011 

£1,878,000

2012 

2011 

      1.40p

1.20p

2010 

  £44,644,000

2010 

£1,650,000

2010 

0.90p

2009  £40,561,000

2009 

  £1,528,000

2009 

0.00p

Contracted Revenue
£22.5m
2.7%

Commercial Revenue
£29.6m
4.2%

Charter Revenue
£2.7m

18.2%

2012 

      £22.5m

2012 

      £29.6m

2012  £2.7m

2011 

£21.9m

2011 

£30.9m

2011 

£3.3m

2010 

  £18.8m

2010 

£21.8m

2009  £17.5m

2009  £19.4m

2010 

2009 

£4.0m

£3.6m

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04 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Strategy and Organisation

Rotala Plc is an AIM listed company operating commercial and 

subsidised bus routes for businesses, local authorities, the 

public and private individuals.

Rotala was formed in 2005 and has grown through the acquisition and amalgamation of local coach and bus 
operations and is now one of the largest operators in its chosen geographical locations.

Rotala aims to develop sustainable revenue streams through the expansion of its commercial bus and contracted 
activities and by being an active participator in transport business trends in the UK. Our transport management 
expertise has taken us throughout the country, organising and delivering turn-key solutions to events and areas 
requiring many different types and capacities of transport. 

North West Trading Brands

M6

Blackpool

Wigan

M6

M1

M6

Midlands Trading Brands

Wolverhampton

Walsall

M42

West Bromwich

Leicester

Stourbridge

Ludlow

Solihull

M42

Coventry

Worcester

Warwick

M5

Stratford
-upon-Avon

Evesham

M40

Northampton

M1

A1(M)

M11

Wooton-under-Edge

M4

Chipping Sodbury

Kingswood
Bath

Bristol

M5

Radstock

M25

M4

M25

M20

M3

London Trading Brands

South West Trading Brands

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Key

Operational Depot

Places of Operation
(Not all are shown at this scale)

Motorways

Country Border

M4

 
 
 
 
ROTALA AT A GLANCE // STRATEGY AND ORGANISATION

05

Our Goals
Rotala Plc pursues three key strategic goals:

Deliver sustainable shareholder growth 
Continually improve the operational capability of the company 
Deliver a consistent quality of service

Our Core Values
Our commitment is to conduct business in an ethical manner; our Core Values convey our 
organisational beliefs:

Professional - approach to business; expert presence 
Innovative - creating new solutions 
Agile - quick to respond and make decisions 
Collaborative - working together with all stakeholders  
Commercially orientated - delivering what clients require 
Results focused - focus on the delivery of value and the job in hand 
Risk aware - assessing options for alternative strategies

Our brands signify consistency, reliability and employee commitment.

Our Mission
The commitment is to the delivery of a consistent quality of service in accordance with 
the service level requirements of all stakeholders. Continuous improvement is sought; 
close monitoring of service levels identifies areas for improvement. Well-planned, clearly 

focused training supports an improved quality of service. 

Rotala aims to become the first choice supplier for  

bus operations in its target regions:

Having grown through acquisition in key areas, Rotala has put itself into a position 
from which it can take advantage of future developments in the transport industry. The 
possession of substantial operations in the North West, the West Midlands, the South 
West and Heathrow areas ensures that the company is well positioned for future contract 
wins and organic commercial growth.  

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06 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Strategy and Organisation
(Continued)

Rotala is committed to providing service excellence to 

stakeholders, by offering value for money and continuous 

improvement without compromising on the quality of service.

Rotala prides itself on offering value for money on its services in each of its 

areas. By working closely with other businesses, councils and educational 

institutions, we ensure that flexibility and proactive management are key 

strengths in which Rotala invests. Our commitment to all stakeholders 

makes it possible to offer value to all sizes of organisation from the largest 

corporate to the smallest individual daily user.

The focus of the business has  been to build profitable, sustainable 

revenue. The business is composed largely of contracted or predictable 

revenue streams which equate to more than 90% of current revenue levels.

To deliver this level of predictability the business has needed to focus 

on the development of its three principal revenue streams: contract, 

commercial and charter.

ROTALA AT A GLANCE // STRATEGY AND ORGANISATION

07

Contract
The key aspect of Contracted Operations is that the service is delivered under contract, to specified 
standards, with the price for the service determined by the contract alone. Contracted operations 
service two types of customer:

Individual organisations: these can have specific transport needs. Private bus networks are 
designed on a bespoke basis around these needs. We have contracts of this type with British 
Airways and National Grid. One of the key factors which drives this customer need comes from 
the increasing prevalence of planning restrictions on new developments. These restrict car usage 
and available car parking facilities.  There has been much growth in this area of business in recent 
years and government policy continues to drive change.

Local authorities:  since bus denationalisation in 1986 the bus market has evolved and the dominant 
operators are now more focused on creating profitable route networks, in contrast to the pre-1986 
approach when size and breadth of service were the sole concerns. Thus commercial bus groups 
have, over time, either curtailed or withdrawn services and Local Authorities have made decisions 
that there is a social need to subsidise the on-going provision of bus services to locations which 
would not support a commercial bus route. Contracts for these subsidised services operate on a 
variety of different bases but the contracted element of the revenue is included under this heading. 
Major examples of these types of services during this accounting year were operated under 
contract to Centro, Bristol City Council, Worcestershire County Council, South Gloucestershire 
County Council, and Bath and North East Somerset Council together with many smaller entities. 

Commercial
On a purely commercial bus service, the company takes all the risk of operation. Where a 
contracted service obliges the operator to take an element of revenue risk (the proportion of which 
can vary considerably), the variable element of the revenue is also included under this heading. 
Since its foundation Rotala has considerably expanded the number of commercial services it 
operates in the West Midlands and South West. Furthermore early in 2011 the group acquired 
Preston Bus Limited, setting up a new hub of commercial bus operations in the North West.

Charter
Besides the main business streams above, Rotala also provides a transport management service to 
a variety of customers. Typically this covers business or service disruption and bespoke large event 

management. 

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08 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Chairman’s Statement and 
Review of Operations

I am pleased to be able to make this report to the shareholders of 

Rotala Plc for the year ended 30 November 2012.  

Revenue
£54,813,000

2.3%

2012 

2011 

£54,813,000

     £56,077,000

2010 

           £44,644,000

2009 

     £40,561,000

Revenue by Stream
41.1% Contracted
54.0% Commercial
4.9% Charter

Review of trading

Rotala continues to hold a leading market position in Preston and be the 
number two bus operator in Bristol and Bath. In the West Midlands (the 
second largest bus market in the country after London), where we are also 
the number two bus operator, we strengthened our position shortly after 
the year end with the acquisition from First Group Plc (“First”) of their 
depots in Kidderminster and Redditch. I shall return to this acquisition 
later in my statement. We are furthermore one of the leading providers 
of private bus networks in the country, especially to the aviation industry 
around Heathrow. 

The 2012 financial year was one of profound and continuing change for 
the bus industry. Against the background of an economy, at the very least, 
showing no signs of recovery, the industry has been obliged to confront 
and deal with the challenges put in its way by a number of changes in 
government policy. These changes stem from the austerity measures 
which the Government has introduced since its election in 2010. In April 
2012 the 20% reduction in the fuel tax rebate inherent in the Bus Services 
Operators’ Grant took effect. For Rotala this cut in rebate amounted to 
approximately £1 million. This increase in the effective cost of fuel came 
on top of progressive reductions in concessionary fares reimbursement 
rates and the fall in local authority transport budgets. These measures 
made and make for a challenging operating environment. In this we are no 
different from our competitors, large and small, but difficult choices have 
to be made in these circumstances. Bus fares can only rise so far before 
volumes begin to fall. There is a limit in the operating efficiencies which 
can be obtained. Therefore your board has taken a number of measures 
during the year to safeguard margins and profitability. These have been 
successful, as is borne out in the group results on page 26. Bus fares have 
been raised where possible, but where this was not a viable option, route 
mileage has been cut back to that which remains profitable. We have also 
not been drawn in to submitting unrealistic bids for local authority tenders 
and have thus deliberately relinquished some business in this area. For the 
group as a whole therefore, excluding the fall in Charter Revenue (which 
is ad hoc by nature) revenues fell by only 4% when compared to 2011, to a 
total of £54.8 million. 

 
     
 
 
 
 
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT & REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

09

Contracted Revenue
£22.5m
2.7%

2012 

2011 

      £22.5m

£21.9m

2010 

  £18.8m

2009  £17.5m

Commercial Revenue
£29.6m
4.2%

2012 

2011 

      £29.6m

£30.9m

2010 

£21.8m

2009 

  £19.4m

Charter Revenue
£2.7m

18.2%

2012  £2.7m

2011 

£3.3m

2010 

2009 

£4.0m

£3.6m

Contracted Services 
Revenues in Contracted Services overall rose by 3% to £22.5 million (2011: 
£21.9 million). Reductions in revenue resulted from further cutbacks in 
transport budgets in Worcestershire and to a certain extent in the Bristol 
area, following the withdrawal of some subsidised services. In addition 
the group lost a number of marginally profitable subsidised contracts in 
the Centro operating area, in circumstances where we refused to match 
unrealistic tender bids made by certain competitors. We had closed our 
small Gatwick depot at the end of 2011 and moved some of the business 
to our Heathrow depot, relinquishing the rest. We took this step because 
we did not consider that we stood any realistic prospect of significant 
expansion in our business around Gatwick and because we felt that our 
capital invested there would be better utilised elsewhere in the group. But 
in contrast to this our revenues from corporate customers grew strongly in 
the year and more than compensated for the reductions in local authority 
business and the closure of the Gatwick depot.        

Commercial Services 
Revenues in Commercial Services fell by some 4% to £29.6 million (2011: 
£30.9 million). There was a mixture of reasons for this fall. The reduction 
in the reimbursement rates for concessionary fares was a significant 
factor. Revenues also fell as the result of decisions to cease operations on 
all or part of routes, where we felt that economic running was no longer 
profitable. In addition the variable revenue element attached to local 
authority contracts is classified in this sector of business and, as certain 
local authority contracts were not renewed, the associated commercial 
income also fell away. Nevertheless, taking into account compensating 
positive variances in a number of areas, including a significant rise in 
income from our own network cards, the overall reduction in revenue 
was slight. Encouragingly there was a continuing large rise in sales of the 
Centro Network Card. I mentioned this trend last year; it bodes well for the 
full introduction of the electronic multi-operator pass card by Centro later 
in 2013. 

Charter Services 
In line with group policy we have progressively reduced the exposure 
of the group to this area of business in recent years. We have done this 
consciously because we judged the return on capital in this sector to be 
too low to justify continued investment. We also cut back the number of 
coaches we have available for private hire work as we considered that, in 
the current economic environment, the risks in speculative private hire 
work were too high. Thus Charter Revenues fell by 18% to £2.7 million 
(2011: £3.3 million). Airline related chauffeur car services (which we sub-
contract in their entirety) also saw fewer movements in the year and this 
had some impact on year on year revenues.

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10 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Chairman’s Statement and 
Review of Operations (continued)

Diamond Bus outside the newly acquired 
Kidderminster depot.

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT & REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

11

Strategy and acquisitions

At the end of January 2013 we were able to announce the acquisition from First of certain of their bus operations 
in Worcestershire. This deal was completed at the beginning of March 2013. We acquired, for a cash consideration 
of £1.5 million, two freehold depots, one in Kidderminster and the other in Redditch, 36 vehicles, and various 
items of plant and equipment. These depot acquisitions added about 108 staff to our workforce. On the basis of the 
information available at present the acquisition is expected to generate a small amount of negative goodwill.

The Kidderminster depot comprises a site of some two acres and was purpose built in 2001. It can accommodate 
up to 60 vehicles. The Redditch depot, built about 35 years ago, has a slightly smaller useable area and can 
accommodate about 50 vehicles. In the year ended 31 March 2012, these depots reported combined revenues of 
approximately £5.2 million and an operating loss of about £0.27 million. 

In essence the two depots bring bus routes which are complementary to our existing route network in 
Worcestershire. There was very little overlap between our operations and those of First: indeed we competed 
on only one route. The acquisition therefore enables us to expand and consolidate our position in those areas of 
Worcestershire which are contiguous to our main areas of operation in and around the Birmingham conurbation. 
By integrating these acquired depots into our current depot network, the Company will in time be able to take 
advantage of the operating efficiencies that will be generated. The acquisition is not expected to have a material 
impact on earnings in 2013. It will take time to integrate fully the two route networks and workforces. Inevitably a 
certain amount of investment is required. The 36 vehicles we did acquire from First did not comprise the whole of 
their fleet at these two depots. We immediately brought in more than 20 vehicles from our existing fleet in order 
to bring the fleet numbers up to those required for efficient operations. Furthermore, many of the vehicles do 
not comply with the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act which begin to come into force in 2014. We 
will thus need to replace most of these vehicles in due course, and in certain cases have done this already. Once 
the integration of operations and overheads has been fully implemented, the acquisition is expected to have a 
beneficial effect on earnings in the following years.

Fuel prices

In the earlier part of 2012 the price of fuel was volatile and an average price of about 113p per litre was paid. This 
gave rise to an adverse variance in that period against the budgeted cost of fuel. However in the middle of the year 
we were able to take advantage of the dip in diesel prices at that time to fix some 75% of the group’s diesel needs 
out to July 2013. These fuel fixes ensured that the average price of three quarters of the group’s fuel supply was 
108p a litre for the rest of the year.  This was slightly below the figure at which we had budgeted for that period. 
The board is keen to fix fuel prices as far out as possible and so will take advantage of any further opportunities to 
eliminate fuel price exposures as and when they arise. 

Following the recent acquisition of the Kidderminster and Redditch depots of First, the group will use about 12 
million litres of diesel fuel in a full year.

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12 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Chairman’s Statement and 
Review of Operations (continued)

Fleet improvement

During the year we have received the remainder of our initial batch of 15 hybrid-power buses from the Optare 
Group. These have performed well in service and have achieved the targeted 30% fuel saving, when compared to 
a similar diesel bus. We were also awarded a grant of £683,000 in the third round of the Government’s Green Bus 
funding. This is in respect of a further eight hybrid-power vehicles, this time from the Wright group using the Volvo 
chassis and hybrid drive system. These vehicles were all in service by the time of writing this report. Their initial 
performance has been excellent and they have been very well received by customers.  

Under a separate programme, we have embarked upon the installation of “EcoManager” fuel-saving software in 
the existing conventionally powered fleet. The aim of this software is to give the driver visual indication not only if he 
or she is driving in a manner which is comfortable for the passenger but also in a manner which is economical and 
efficient. So far about 23% of the vehicle fleet has been equipped with this software. A further 50% of the fleet will 
be fitted with this equipment by the end of the year. Thus, by that date, almost three quarters of the fleet will have 
been equipped with fuel saving systems which should be delivering significant cost reductions. To date EcoManager 
has shown a like for like fuel saving of a minimum of 11% of fuel usage. We are confident that further fuel efficiency 
gains will be achieved once drivers are fully attuned to what is needed from them and the software is optimised for 
individual route characteristics. 

Robert Dunn, Managing Director of Preston Bus 
Limited and an Executive Director of Rotala Plc, 
pictured with the Volvo Hybrid buses.

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT & REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

13

The Optare Hybrid buses have performed well in service and 

have achieved the targeted 30% fuel saving, when compared to a 

similar diesel bus. 

The board continues to target an average fleet age of about 7.5 years. Even with the addition of the relatively old 
vehicles which we acquired recently with the purchase of the Redditch and Kidderminster depots from First, 
the average fleet age stands at 7.7 years. As we continue to replace vehicles this average will certainly fall. This 
figure is low in industry terms. We believe that having a modern and efficient bus fleet is a key aspect of customer 
service and that running one of the youngest fleets compared to its peers gives the group an important competitive 
advantage. Older vehicles also emit a greater level of emissions and we are keen to minimise this aspect of bus 
operation. 

The board monitors each vehicle in the fleet for relative fuel consumption, reliability and maintenance cost. Those 
vehicles that fall outside of acceptable parameters are designated for disposal. As a result of this policy about 25% 
of the vehicle fleet was replaced in the year. These replacements are a judicious mix of the new and the second 
hand, chosen so as to meet the criteria which we have set. The objective, to possess an efficient and effective fleet 
of the right age profile, was successfully achieved.     

Banking facilities and finance

At the end of the year we entered into a revised suite of banking facilities with our principal bankers RBS/NatWest. 
The new facilities, totalling £11m, increased our existing facilities. First we obtained an enlarged mortgage facility 
of approximately £4 million. This enabled us in January 2013 to acquire the freehold of our depot at Avonmouth, 
Bristol, which up to now we had been leasing. We bought this very attractive 2.6 acre site for a consideration of £1.8 
million. We have been at this depot since the middle of 2011 and have invested heavily in the plant and facilities 
there. At the same time we were able to reduce our ordinary overdraft facility with the bank from £3 million to £2 
million because we obtained a new revolving credit facility of up to £5 million, of which £1.5 million had been drawn 
down at the end of the year.  We can use this facility both for working capital finance and acquisition finance. Indeed 
the £1.5 million purchase price of the First depots described earlier in this statement was provided by this facility. 
These enhanced facilities will support our aim of continuing to grow both organically and by acquisition.

In addition to these facilities we had at the year’s end available but unused vehicle financing facilities of 
approximately £10 million. Thus we believe that the group has been provided with sufficient working capital and 
financing facilities to continue its growth, whether by acquisition or otherwise, for the foreseeable future. 

Financial review 

The Consolidated Income Statement is set out on page 26.  I have already highlighted the slight decrease in 
revenues year on year and the reasons for this variance. Cost of Sales fell by 3%; the principal business reasons 
for this have been described above.  Gross Profits were almost exactly the same when compared to the previous 
year, but the gross profit margin improved somewhat to 16.5% from the 15.6% of 2011. This rise resulted from all 
the measures we took to focus on profitable business and operational efficiencies. Administrative Expenses were 
7% higher than those of the previous year. The principal reason for this increase was the inclusion for a full year 
of the Avonmouth depot which was only in use for part of 2011. The Profit from Operations at £3.4 million was also 
much the same as that recorded in 2011. Finance expense was down overall by about 19%. Partly this resulted from 
a fall of about 17% in hire purchase debt year on year. The retirement of some 40% of the convertible loan stock at 
the beginning of the calendar year also made a significant contribution as the effective rate of interest on this debt 
was about 11%.  Profit before taxation therefore rose by 10.5% when compared to the previous year to £2.08 million 
(2011: £1.88 million). In 2011 basic earnings per share, at 6.22p, benefited from a one-off tax credit; there is no real 

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14 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Chairman’s Statement and 
Review of Operations (continued)

Financial review (continued)

comparison possible with this figure in 2012, where there was a tax charge of £210,000 instead of the prior year’s 
tax credit of £279,000. Basic earnings for 2012 were 5.29p per share.   

The gross assets of the group stood at £48.2 million at 30 November 2012 (2011: £48.4 million).  Holdings of 
Property, Plant and Equipment fell by about 7% largely because of the changes made in the vehicle fleet in the 
year which I have described in a separate paragraph. The ever rising cost of fuel and the switch from rented to 
owned tyres is reflected in the value of Inventories; the working capital devoted to Trade and Other Receivables 
rose as well as more business was derived from contracted income where payment periods tend to be longer. 
The swing from a cash asset of £869,000 to a net overdraft of £1,410,000 is analysed below but is another reason 
for the change in the make up of gross assets. The bulk of the change in Trade and Other Payables results from 
the movement in Green Bus Grant creditor compared to the previous year. The gross loans and borrowings of the 
group increased by some £2.2 million very largely because of the use of the new banking facilities described above, 
but in contrast HP obligations fell by £2.3 million year on year to £10.9 million (2011: £13.2 million). The amount 
outstanding on the convertible unsecured loan stock also fell from £3.9 million in 2011, to £2.3 million in these 
financial statements, as a significant proportion of the loan stock was retired on 31 December 2011. There was 
finally an adverse movement in the Preston pension fund as at 30 November 2012. The gross liabilities of the group 
therefore stood slightly down on the previous year at £26.3 million at 30 November 2012 (2011: £27.3 million).  Net 
assets reached £21.9 million at the year end (2011: £21.1 million).

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital, at £6.3 million, were little changed 
from those generated in the previous year. Working capital was absorbed by a number of factors. I have already 
mentioned the rise in fuel and tyre stocks. The switch to a tyre contract will ensure that this working capital is 
released in 2013. Trade receivables rose by some £0.7 million in reflection of the changing nature of the group’s 
business. Prepayments, accruals and deferred income absorbed significant amounts of working capital as the 
result of the inception of new contracts, a swing to a net recoverable in Bus Services Operators’ Grant and a 
higher level of insurance claims recoverable from third parties than the previous year. Many of these increases in 
working capital will reverse in the current year and some have already done so.  Investment in property, plant and 
equipment rose this year to £1.6 million (2011: £0.6 million), representing a considerable investment in new ticket 
machinery as well as vehicles. Sale of vehicles, after taking account of the related hire purchase settlements, 
produced £3.1 million for the group (2011: £0.7 million). As related above, new banking facilities were agreed before 
the year’s end. Almost all bank loans were thus repaid and then drawn anew. Fresh bank borrowings amounted to 
some £2 million net of repayments. During the year a total of £1,337,000 of the convertible unsecured loan stock 
was also repaid; in addition the capital element of payments on hire purchase agreements reached £5.0 million 
(2011: £4.5 million). After taking account of rising dividend but falling interest payments, the group swung from 
a cash and cash equivalents asset at the end of 2011 to an overdraft of £1,410,000 at the end of 2012, in line with 
management’s plans and expectations. 

Dividend

The Company paid an interim dividend of 0.50 pence per share in December 2012. At the forthcoming Annual 
General Meeting the Board will recommend a final dividend in respect of 2012 of 0.90p per share, making 1.40p 
for the year as a whole. As the company matures I expect the dividend to be progressive. The Board is conscious of 
the importance of dividend flows to shareholders and intends that dividends should grow in line with the growth in 
underlying earnings and free cash flows.  

     
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT & REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

15

The Board feels confident about the Group’s prospects and 

believes many opportunities will be available to ensure the 

continued growth of the group.

Outlook

The acquisition of the Redditch and Kidderminster depots from First will expand further the commercial bus 
revenues of the group in line with our stated strategy. After the acquisition approximately 60% of the group’s 
annualised revenues will derive from this source. We intend to continue the expansion of our revenues from this 
business stream. 

Given the downward pressure on local authority transport budgets it is unlikely that contracted revenues from this 
source will increase this year. There may well be further reductions. But there is still encouraging activity in the 
corporate sector for private bus networks. We are one of the leading players in this field and we are confident that 
we will obtain more new business in this area. One of the leading drivers of this business comes from the focus 
of government on the reduction of pollution and congestion. This will provide further opportunities for growth. In 
addition many private bus tenders derive from decisions by the private sector to outsource those activities (like 
transport) which lie outside their core areas of expertise.  

Government policy decisions are driving considerable changes in the bus industry. I would have to say that many 
of these decisions look illogical: Government wishes to get us out of our cars and on to public transport but takes 
decisions which are not calculated to promote the increase in bus patronage that could be obtained with more 
coherent thinking. But this does mean that volatility and instability in the bus industry will continue. We have 
managed to cope with these changes as a result of much hard work and application of operational expertise, but 
the trading environment will remain challenging. Many smaller operators are finding the going very hard and a 
number of family businesses of long standing have given up the ghost in the last year or so. 

Where others take decisions to divest, or not re-invest, we are given the opportunity to expand, as with the Redditch 
and Kidderminster acquisition. Uncertainty brings opportunity. The group has a very solid financial base. Your board 
has in the forefront of its mind the total return to shareholders, whether that comes from earnings growth, dividend 
growth or net asset value per share. The latter is reflected in a balance sheet underpinned by some £21 million 
of vehicle assets and 22 acres of  property in prime sites in the books at £9 million. The aim of the board is to be 
financially conservative whilst respecting these three key points for shareholder return. We want to create a solid 
and reliable performer for all shareholders for the long term.

When we have digested our recent acquisition, the group will be conservatively geared and we possess ample 
facilities to take on any further acquisitions that may arise. Therefore the Board feels confident about the group’s 
prospects and believes many opportunities will be available to ensure the continued growth of the group. 

John Gunn 
Non-Executive Chairman

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16 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Directors’ Report

The Directors present their report together with the  

audited financial statements of the group for the year ended  

30 November 2012.

Principal activities

The principal activities of the group are the provision of bus services to public and private bodies and tailored 

transport solutions to a wide range of private customers.

Review of the business and future prospects

The results of the year and the financial position as at 30 November 2012 are considered by the Directors to be 

satisfactory.  A review of the group’s activities, using its key performance indicators, and a review of its future 

prospects are contained in the Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations. These key performance indicators 

are considered to be:  

Gross profit margin

Profit from operations

Profit before taxation

2012

16.5%

£3,392,000

£2,076,000

2011

15.6%

£3,514,000

£1,878,000

Gross profit margin
16.5%
6.5%

Profit from operations
£3,392,000

3.5%

Profit before taxation
£2,076,000
10.5%

2012 

2011 

2010 

2009 

      16.5%

15.6%

2012 

2011 

      £3,392,000

2012 

      £2,076,000

£3,514,000

2011 

£1,878,000

18.4%

2010 

£3,449,000

2010 

£1,650,000

19.3%

2009 

£3,306,000

2009 

£1,528,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // DIRECTORS’ REPORT

17

These key performance indicators are used as follows:

1. 

Gross profit margin: it is fundamental to the longer term sustainability of the group that it attains a suitable 

level of gross profit in all of its activities. In any contracted business the gross profit margin is computed as 

part of the pricing process. Actual margin is then monitored in relation to the contract and service delivery 

targets. Gross profit margin will vary depending on the type, location and duration of the contract. Where the 

revenue is variable and derived from passengers, routes are constantly monitored for gross profit margin. 

Passenger loadings are also analysed and, in concert with margin analysis, frequencies and routes adjusted 

to maximise revenue yields. In these instances margins will vary in acceptability depending upon the length, 

locality and maturity of the route and the extent of competition;

2. 

Profit from operations: profit from operations is a very important determinant of the long term success of 

the whole business. Because this indicator is calculated before interest it represents the theoretical debt-

free performance of the group and is thus a key measure of value. It is also a measure of how effectively and 

efficiently the group is using its operating assets, particularly in relation to its peers. Therefore this metric is 

monitored monthly and progress is frequently reviewed;

3. 

Profit before taxation: this indicator is a key determinant of return to shareholders. Therefore it is monitored 

through the prism of the monthly management accounts and reviewed by the board at its monthly meetings. 

The Board places particular emphasis upon the target that this indicator should grow constantly because 

in this manner it can be confident that it is serving the interests of shareholders and providing the company 

thereby with the means to sustain its ambitions to increase its overall levels of business.

      The directors consider the performance of the group in relation to these KPIs to be satisfactory.

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18 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Directors’ Report (continued)

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Directors consider that the following factors may be considered to be material risks and uncertainties facing 
the group:

Risk

Potential impact

Management or mitigation

Variations in the price of 
fuel.

The availability of 
sufficient capital and 
leasing facilities to 
finance the growth in the 
group's businesses.

Repayment of the group’s 
convertible debt.

Fuel is a significant 
cost to the business. 
If fuel increases in 
price in circumstances 
where sales prices 
cannot be increased, 
then profitability will be 
affected.

The group may miss 
growth opportunities.

Management monitors fuel prices closely, negotiates fuel 
escalator clauses where possible and increases fares 
if input costs rise in a sustained pattern. Management 
enters into fuel price fixing arrangements as described 
in the Chairman’s Statement. Management also 
monitors fleet fuel efficiency and uses technological 
aids to optimise fuel usage as further described in the 
Chairman’s Statement.

Management maintains close contact with actual and 
potential shareholders and vehicle financiers to keep 
them fully briefed about the progress of the group. 

The group may not be 
able to meet it debt 
repayment obligations.

The debt is due for conversion or repayment on 31 
December 2014. Management forecasts encompass the 
need to repay this debt, if not converted into ordinary 
shares by that date.

New government 
legislation or   industry 
regulation.

Significant unplanned or 
unforeseen costs may be 
imposed on the business.  

Availability of 
management resources 
of the appropriate quality.

Lack of appropriate 
management skills 
damages the business 
and its prospects. 

Management continually monitors regulatory and legal 
developments and participates keenly in industry forums. 
Management also ensures that it responds to requests 
for information and insight from such bodies as the 
Competition Commission. 

The board continually assesses skill requirements, 
management and structures as the business grows. 
Appropriate recruits are brought into the business and 
any necessary management development courses are 
instituted.

The group may not be 
able to obtain adequate 
levels of insurance cover.

Driver training emphasises a risk - averse culture. 
Accident rates are monitored centrally. Claims are 
managed by a claims handler who works closely with the 
group’s insurance adviser and insurers. 

Level of vehicle insurance 
rates – particularly in the 
event of a major accident 
involving passenger 
fatality.

Results and dividends

The group’s results for the year are set out on page 26.

The Directors will propose to the Annual General Meeting a distribution, by way of a final dividend, of 0.9p per share 
for the year ended 30 November 2012 (2011: 0.8p per share). An interim dividend of 0.5p per share (2011: 0.4p) was 
paid on 7 December 2012.

 
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // DIRECTORS’ REPORT

19

Directors

The following Directors have held office during the year:
J H Gunn
R A Dunn
S L Dunn
F G Flight
K M Taylor

Directors’ interests

The beneficial interests of the Directors and their families in the company’s shares were as follows:

2012

2011

Ordinary shares 
of 25p each

Options over 
ordinary shares 
of 25p each

Ordinary shares 
of 25p each

Options over 
ordinary shares 
of 25p each

5,526,616

909,454

686,880

1,325,055

357,500

400,000

422,471

467,471

220,000

565,000

5,614,116

909,454

673,544

1,325,055

357,500

400,000

400,000

445,000

220,000

565,000

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

J H Gunn is also a director of and shareholder in The 181 Fund Limited: see note 27 – Related Parties and 
Transactions.

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

2012

2011

Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

-

-

£260,000

-

£25,000

-

-

£260,000

£50,000

£25,000

The terms of the Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock are described in note 19. 

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20 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Directors’ Report (continued)

Directors’ interests (Continued)

Options over 25p ordinary shares

At 1 December
2011

Granted

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

80,000

120,000

200,000

400,000

400,000

-

400,000

80,000

80,000

200,000

85,000

-

445,000

80,000

140,000

220,000

80,000

160,000

240,000

85,000

565,000

-

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-

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22,471

22,471

-

-

-

-

22,471

22,471

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Price

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

37.5p

62.5p

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

At 30 
November
2012

Date
Exercisable

Date of
Expiry

80,000

29/03/2008

28/03/2015

120,000

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

200,000

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

400,000

400,000

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

22,471

24/09/2015

24/03/2016

422,471

80,000

80,000

30/08/2008

29/08/2015

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

200,000

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

85,000

22,471

467,471

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

24/09/2015

24/03/2016

80,000

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

140,000

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

220,000

80,000

29/03/2008

28/03/2015

160,000

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

240,000

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

85,000

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

565,000

Options were granted on 24 September 2012 under the terms of the Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme. This is 
described in more detail in note 24. 
The remuneration of the Directors is set out in note 6. Contracts existing during, or at the end of the year, in which 
a Director was or is materially interested, other than employment contracts, are disclosed in note 27 – Related 
Parties and Transactions. 

The company’s share price at 30 November 2012 was 44p. The high and low prices in the year were 45.5p and 37.5p 
respectively.

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // DIRECTORS’ REPORT

21

Changes in share capital

As set out in note 23 to the financial statements, there were no movements in share capital during the year.

Financial instruments

Details of financial instruments, including information about exposure to financial risks and the financial risk 
management objectives and policies, are given in note 26.

Employment policies

It is the policy of the group to consider the health and welfare of employees by maintaining safe places and systems 
of work.  The group’s employment policies are regularly reviewed to ensure they remain effective. These policies 
promote a working environment which underpins the recruitment and retention of professional and conscientious 
employees, and which improves productivity in an atmosphere free of discrimination.  The group is committed 
to giving full and fair consideration to all applicants for employment who are disabled and for continuing the 
employment of those who become disabled while employed. Training is also a priority task, especially in this 
industry, and is a focus of considerable effort. Employees are consulted and involved in the development of the 
group in a number of ways which include regular briefings, team updates and announcements.

Creditor payment policy and practice

The group agrees terms of contracts when orders are placed and goods and services received.  It is the group’s 
policy that payments to suppliers are made in accordance with the agreed terms and conditions, provided all 
trading terms and conditions have been complied with.  The group and company had respectively 56 and 65 days’ 
purchases outstanding at 30 November 2012 (2011: 57 days and 77 days’ respectively), based on the average daily 
amount invoiced by suppliers for the year then ended.

Political and charitable contributions

There were no political contributions made by the group during the year ended 30 November 2012 (2011: £Nil). 
Charitable contributions amounted to £230 (2011: £510).
Corporate governance
The directors support the recommendations of the UK Corporate Governance Code. The Board is responsible for 
the management and successful development of the group by: 

•	 setting	the	strategic	direction; 
•	 monitoring	and	guiding	operational	performance; 
•	 establishing	polices	and	internal	controls	to	safeguard	the	group’s	assets.

The composition of the Board provides a blend of skills and experience that ensures it operates as a balanced 
team. 

The Board meets regularly to review trading performance, to ensure adequate funding is available, to set and 
monitor strategy, and when appropriate, to report to shareholders. To enable the Board to discharge its duties, all 
directors receive appropriate and timely information.

The Board is responsible for maintaining a strong system of internal control to safeguard shareholders’ 
investments and the group’s assets.  The system of internal financial control is designed to provide reasonable, but 
not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss. 

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22 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Directors’ Report (continued)

The Directors are responsible for the group’s system of financial control and for reviewing its effectiveness.  As the 
group continues to grow, the Directors will review their compliance with the Code from time to time and will adopt 
such of the provisions as they consider to be appropriate.

Relationships with shareholders

The company values the views of its shareholders and recognises their interest in the company’s strategy and 
performance. The Annual General Meeting is used to communicate with shareholders and they are encouraged to 
participate. The Directors will be available to answer questions at the Annual General Meeting.  

Going concern 

The board has examined its strategy and considered its profit and loss and cash flow projections over the two years 
to 30 November 2014. It has also evaluated the positive impact of the recently enlarged loan and overdraft facilities 
of the group, as described in the Chairman’s Statement. Therefore, after due enquiry, the Board has judged the 
cash flow forecasts and banking resources of the group to be adequate to support its continued operations for the 
foreseeable future and has adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.  

Directors’ responsibilities statement

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law 
the Directors have elected to prepare the group financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. The Directors have elected to prepare the parent 
company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (UK 
GAAP). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and profit or loss of the company and group for that period. 
In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•	 select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	apply	them	consistently; 
•	 make	judgements	and	accounting	estimates	that	are	reasonable	and	prudent; 
•	

	for	the	group	financial	statements,	state	whether	applicable	IFRSs	have	been	followed,	subject	to	any	
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
	for	the	parent	company	financial	statements,	state	whether	applicable	UK	accounting	standards	have	been	
followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 
	prepare	the	financial	statements	on	the	going	concern	basis	unless	it	is	inappropriate	to	presume	that	the	
group and company will continue in business.

•	

•	

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which are sufficient to show and explain the 
company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and 
the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They 
are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and the company and hence for taking reasonable 
steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

	
	
	
	
	
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // DIRECTORS’ REPORT

23

The Board meets regularly to review trading performance, 

to ensure adequate funding is available, to set and monitor 

strategy, and when appropriate, to report to shareholders.

The Directors confirm that:  

•	

•		

		so	far	as	each	director	is	aware,	there	is	no	relevant	audit	information	of	which	the	company’s		auditors	are	
unaware; and

	the	Directors	have	taken	all	steps	that	they	ought	to	have	taken	to	make	themselves	aware	of	any	relevant	
audit information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the company’s website.  Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Substantial shareholdings

As at 12 April 2013  the company had been notified that the following were interested in 3% or more of the ordinary 
share capital of the company:

Name

Mr. J. H. Gunn

Mr. Nigel Wray

The 181 Fund Limited

Mr. F. G. Flight

Link Traders (Aust) Pty Limited

Mr. Graham Peacock

Mrs. Susan Tobbell

Number of  
Ordinary Shares

5,526,616

4,944,400

1,980,221

1,325,055

1,300,000

1,075,000

1,075,000

%

15.67

14.02

5.61

3.76

3.69

3.05

3.05

Auditors
Grant Thornton UK LLP were re-appointed as auditors at the last Annual General Meeting and have expressed their 
willingness to continue in office as auditor. A resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting.

For the year ended 30 November 2012, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 479A – 
479C of the Companies Act 2006 and certain of its subsidiaries have not been subject to an individual annual audit.  
Rotala Plc has given a statutory guarantee to each of these subsidiaries guaranteeing their liabilities, a copy of 

which will be filed at Companies House.

By order of the Board

Kim Taylor 
Secretary

Date: 12 April 2013
Company registration number: 5338907

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24 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Independent Auditors’ Report

We have audited the financial statements of Rotala plc for the year ended 30 November 2012 which comprise 
the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated 
statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of 
cash flows, the company balance sheet and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The financial reporting framework that has been applied 
in the preparation of the parent company financial statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting 
Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s 
members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors

As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement on page 22, the directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our 
responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s (APB’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements

A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the APB’s website at www.frc.org.uk/
apb/scope/private.cfm.

Opinion on financial statements

In our opinion: 

•		

•	

•	

•			

	the	financial	statements	give	a	true	and	fair	view	of	the	state	of	the	group’s	and	of	the	parent	company’s	
affairs as at 30 November 2012 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 
	the	group	financial	statements	have	been	properly	prepared	in	accordance	with	IFRS	as	adopted	by	the	
European Union;
	the	parent	company	financial	statements	have	been	properly	prepared	in	accordance	with	United	Kingdom	
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
	the	financial	statements	have	been	prepared	in	accordance	with	the	requirements	of	the	Companies	Act	
2006.

	
	
	
	
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS & STATUTORY REPORTS // INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

25

Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs

As explained in Note 2 to the group financial statements, the group in addition to complying with its legal 
obligation to comply with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, has also complied with IFRSs as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 

In our opinion the group financial statements comply with IFRSs as issued by the IASB.

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion: 

•	

	adequate	accounting	records	have	not	been	kept	by	the	parent	company,	or	returns	adequate	for	our	audit	
have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the	parent	company	financial	statements	are	not	in	agreement	with	the	accounting	records	and	returns;	or

•	
•	 certain	disclosures	of	directors’	remuneration	specified	by	law	are	not	made;	or
•	 we	have	not	received	all	the	information	and	explanations	we	require	for	our	audit.

David P White 
Senior Statutory Auditor

for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants  
Birmingham

Date: 12 April 2013

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26 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 30 November 2012

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Administrative expenses

Profit from operations

Finance income

Finance expense

Profit before taxation (expense)/credit

Tax (expense)/credit

Profit for the year attributable to the equity  
holders of the parent

Earnings per share for profit attributable to the 
equity holders of the parent during the year:

Basic (pence)

Diluted (pence) 

Note

4

7

8

9

10

11

11

2012
Results for  
the year  
(£’000)

54,813

(45,790)

2011
Results for  
the year  
(£’000)

56,077

(47,316)

9,023

(5,631)

3,392

15

(1,331)

2,076

(210)

1,866

5.29

5.18

8,761

(5,247)

3,514

-

(1,636)

1,878

279

2, 157

6.22

5.99

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT & CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

27

Consolidated Statement of  
Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 30 November 2012

Note

22

21

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income:

Actuarial loss on defined benefit pension  
scheme

Deferred tax on actuarial loss on defined  
benefit pension scheme

Other comprehensive income for the year (net of tax)

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable 
to the equity holders of the parent

2012
£’000

1,866

(1,009)

242

(767)

1,099

2011
£’000

2,157

(648)

162

(486)

1,671

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

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28 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Consolidated Statement of 
Changes in Equity
For the year ended 30 November 2012

Share 
capital
£'000

Share
premium
reserve
£'000

Merger
reserve
£'000

Warrant
reserve
£'000

Retained
earnings
£'000

At 1 December 2010

8,265

7,762

2,567

370

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive 
income

Total comprehensive income

-

-

-

Transactions with owners:

Issue of share capital

553

Dividends paid or declared

Share based payment

Release of warrant reserve 
to retained earnings

-

-

-

Transactions with owners

553

-

-

-

66

-

-

-

66

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

140

2,157

(486)

1,671

-

(352)

16

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total
£'000

19,104

2,157

(486)

1,671

619

(352)

16

-

(125)

125

(125)

(211)

283

At 30 November 2011

8,818

7,828

2,567

245

Profit for the year

Other  comprehensive 
income

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners:

Dividends paid or declared

Share based payment

Release of warrant reserve 
to retained earnings

Transactions with owners

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(245)

(245)

1,600

1,866

21,058

1,866

(767)

(767)

1,099

1,099

(283)

2

245

(36)

(283)

2

-

(281)

At 30 November 2012

8,818

7,828

2,567

-

2,663

21,876

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

29

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30 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Consolidated Statement of  
Financial Position
As at 30 November 2012

Note

12

13

21

15

16

17

18

19

20

19

20

22

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Deferred taxation

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Defined benefit pension obligation

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

TOTAL NET ASSETS

2012
£’000

27,509

9,482

521

37,512

1,892

8,454

351

10,697

48,209

6,228

3,550

3,931

13,709

4,216

6,945

1,463

12,624

26,333

21,876

2011
£’000

29,690

9,482

489

39,661

1,272

6,551

869

8,692

48,353

7,671

1,699

4,253

13,623

3,889

8,929

854

13,672

27,295

21,058

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

31

Shareholders’ funds

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Warrant reserve

Retained earnings

Note

23

2012
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

-

2,663

2011
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

245

1,600

TOTAL EQUITY

21,876

21,058

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 12 April 2013

Simon Dunn 

Chief Executive 

Kim Taylor 

Group Finance Director

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

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32 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Consolidated Statement  
of Cash Flows
For the year ended 30 November 2012

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Depreciation

Amortisation

Negative goodwill

Finance expense

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Contribution to defined benefit pension scheme

Equity settled share-based payment expense

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in 
working capital and provisions

Increase in trade and other receivables

Increase in inventories

(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables

Cash generated from operations

Interest paid on hire purchase agreements

Net cash flows from operating activities carried forward

2012
£’000

2,076

3,742

-

-

1,316

(417)

(400)

2

6,319

(2,663)

(620)

(721)

(4,004)

2,315

(862)

1,453

2011
£’000

1,878

3,680

115

(192)

1,636

(160)

(312)

16

6,661

(1,657)

(392)

1,838

(211)

6,450

(1,085)

5,365

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

33

Note

Cash flows from operating activities brought forward

Investing activities

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired

Sale of public service vehicles

Net cash from/(used in) investing activities

Financing activities

Issue of ordinary shares

Dividends paid

Proceeds of hire purchase refinancing agreement

Proceeds of mortgage and other loans

Loan stock repaid

Repayment of bank and other borrowings

Loan stock and bank loan interest paid

Capital settlement payments on vehicles sold  

Capital element of lease payments

Net cash used in financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

17

19

2012
£’000

1,453

(1,562)

-

5,656

4,094

-

(423)

-

3,735

(1,337)

(1,756)

(501)

(2,535)

(5,009)

(7,826)

(2,279)

869

(1,410)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

2011
£’000

5,365

(583)

(2,562)

1,754

(1,391)

619

(310)

2,415

618

(775)

(745)

(470)

(1,038)

(4,547)

(4,233)

(259)

1,128

869

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34 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Notes to the Consolidated  
Financial Statements

1.   

 General information

Rotala plc is incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom.

 The financial statements for the year ended 30 November 2012 (including the comparatives for the year 
ended 30 November 2011) were approved by the Board of Directors on 12 April   2013. Amendments to the 
financial statements are not permitted after they have been approved.

2.    Accounting policies

  Basis of preparation 

 The group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union and IFRS as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board.  The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as 
described on page 22.

 Overall considerations 
The significant accounting policies that have been used in the preparation of these financial statements are 
summarised below.   The financial statements have been prepared using the measurement bases specified 
by IFRS for each type of asset, liability, income and expense.  The measurement bases are more fully 
described in the accounting policies below.

 Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
Certain estimates and judgements need to be made by the directors of the group which affect the results 
and position of the group as reported in the financial statements.  Estimates and judgements are required 
if, for example, as at the reporting date not all liabilities have been settled, and certain assets and liabilities 
are recorded at fair value which require a number of estimates and assumptions to be made.

 Estimates 
The major areas of estimation within the financial statements are as follows:

(a)    Impairment of goodwill 

The group is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill has suffered any impairment.  
The recoverable amount is determined based on value in use calculations.  The use of this method 
requires the estimation of future cash flows and the choice of a discount rate in order to calculate 
the present value of the cash flows.  Actual outcomes may vary. More information about the 
impairment review is included in note 14.

(b)   Share based payment 

The group has an equity-settled share-based remuneration scheme for employees. Employee 
services received, and the corresponding increase in equity, are measured by reference to the fair 
value of the equity instruments at the date of grant, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting 
conditions.  The fair value of share options is estimated by using the Black-Scholes valuation model 
on the date of grant based on certain assumptions.  Those assumptions include, among others, the 
dividend growth rate, expected volatility, and the expected life of the options. Management then apply 
the fair value to the number of options expected to vest.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

35

2 

  Accounting policies (continued)

(c)   Pension scheme valuation 

The liabilities in respect of defined benefit pension schemes are calculated by qualified actuaries 
and reviewed by the group, but are necessarily based on subjective assumptions.  The principal 
uncertainties relate to the estimation of the life expectancies of scheme members, future investment 
yields and general market conditions for factors such as inflation and interest rates.  The specific 
assumptions adopted are disclosed in detail in note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.  
Profits and losses in relation to changes in actuarial assumptions are taken directly to other 
comprehensive income and therefore do not impact on the profitability of the business, but the 
changes do impact on net assets

(d)  Self insurance 

 The estimation of insurance costs, under the group’s self insurance scheme, is based on premiums 
paid and cash paid into the scheme’s bank account. The actual outcome of claims made is 
determined over the five years following each period end; no rebate of premium is accounted for until 
each insurance period is closed. The directors regularly review claims made and, should insurance 
premiums paid to date be considered inadequate in the light of claims, appropriate provision would 
be made. 

Judgements  
The major areas of judgement within the financial statements are as follows:

(a)    Useful lives of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment is depreciated over its useful life. Useful lives are based on the 
management’s estimates of the periods within which the assets will generate revenue and which 
are periodically reviewed for continued appropriateness.  Changes to estimates can result in 
significant variations in the carrying value and amounts charged to the Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income in specific periods.  More details about carrying values are included in note 
12.

(b)   Extinguishment accounting 

Where there is an exchange of debt instruments, the future discounted cash flows are compared 
to those of the original liability in order to determine if extinguishment accounting is applicable, or 
alternatively whether the amendment is treated as a modification to the existing instrument. This 
involves a comparison under IAS 39.AG62, between the net present value of the cash flows under 
the revised terms versus the original terms, and whether the difference exceeds 10%. During the 
current period the refinancing of banking facilities did not generate a difference exceeding this 
threshold and  no qualitative changes in terms have been identified which indicate the new debt to be 
substantially different. Therefore extinguishment accounting has not been applied. During the prior 
period, the convertible bonds were amended which involved both the extension of repayment dates 
and the reduction in the exercise price of holder conversion options. The conclusion reached was 
that the amendment was accounted for as a modification of the existing instrument. This involved 
two judgements. The first judgement was whether or not qualitative aspects should be considered in 
addition to the 10% quantitative test. 

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36 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

2.    Accounting policies (continued)

(b)   Extinguishment accounting (continued) 

 The judgement applied in this case was that qualitative aspects were not considered, and accordingly 
whether or not extinguishment accounting applied was dependent solely on the 10% quantitative 
test. The second judgement was how to incorporate the change in conversion option value in the 10% 
quantitative test, as IAS 39.AG62 is not specific on this matter. The judgement applied was to include 
the incremental fair value changes of the option arising from the change in option terms within the 

10% test.

(c)   Deferred tax assets  

In determining the deferred tax asset to be recognised, management carefully review the 
recoverability of these assets on a prudent basis and reach a judgement based on the best available 
information.

 Basis of consolidation 
The group financial statements consolidate the results of the company and all its subsidiary undertakings 
at 30 November 2012.   The results of subsidiary undertakings acquired are included from the date on 
which control passed to the group.  Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are 
therefore eliminated in full.

 Business combinations 
Where the acquisition method is used, the results of the subsidiary are included from the date of 
acquisition.  The purchase consideration is allocated to assets and liabilities on the basis of fair value at the 
date of acquisition. 

 Goodwill 
Goodwill represents any excess of the cost of the business combination over the fair value of the identifiable 
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired.  

 Goodwill is tested annually for any impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.  
Any impairment charge would be included within administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income 
Statement.  Goodwill impairment charges cannot be reversed.  As the group has taken advantage of the 
exemption from restating all pre-transition period acquisitions under IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’, 
goodwill includes intangibles arising on those acquisitions that are not separately identifiable prior to the 
date of the change of policy.

 Where the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds the fair value of 
consideration paid, the excess is credited in full in profit or loss on the acquisition date.

Other intangible assets - brands 
 Purchased brands, which are controlled through custody or legal rights and which could be sold separately 
from the rest of the business, are capitalised, where fair value can be reliably measured. Where intangible 
assets are regarded as having a limited useful economic life, the cost is amortised on a straight-line basis 
over that life in administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.  

 Other intangible assets - contracts 
Where an acquisition is made which contains within it rights to contracted revenue, the present value of the 
profits inherent in those contracts is capitalised as an intangible asset. This asset is then amortised over 
the remaining life of those contracts in administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

37

2.    Accounting policies (continued)

 Impairment 
The group’s goodwill and intangible assets are subject to impairment testing.For the purposes of assessing 
impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows 
(cash-generating units).  As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are 
tested at cash-generating unit level.  Goodwill is allocated to those cash-generating units that are expected 
to benefit from synergies of the related business combination and represent the lowest level within the 
group at which management controls the related cash flows.

 Individual intangible assets or cash-generating units that include goodwill with an indefinite useful life are 
tested for impairment at least annually.  All other individual assets or cash-generating units are tested for 
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be 
recoverable.

 An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s carrying 
amount exceeds its recoverable amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting 
market conditions less costs to sell, and value in use, based on an internal discounted cash flow evaluation.  
Impairment losses recognised for cash-generating units, to which goodwill has been allocated, are credited 
initially to the carrying amount of goodwill.  Any remaining impairment loss is charged pro rata to the other 
assets in the cash generating unit.  With the exception of goodwill, all assets are subsequently reassessed 
for indications that an impairment loss previously recognised may no longer exist. 

 Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating 
unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying 
amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss 
been recognised in prior years.  A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately.

Property, plant and equipment 
 Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost, which includes both the purchase 
price and any directly attributable costs.  Following initial recognition property, plant and equipment is 
carried at depreciated cost.

 Depreciation is provided to write off the cost, less estimated residual values, of all property, plant and 
equipment, except freehold land, evenly over their expected useful lives.  It is calculated at the following 
rates:

Freehold land

Freehold buildings

Short leasehold property

Plant and machinery

Public Service Vehicles (“PSVs”)

Fixtures and fittings

-

-

-

-

-

-

Not depreciated

Fifty years straight line

Over the period of the lease

Between ten and four years straight line

Between 10% and 25% per annum on a reducing balance basis

Three years straight line

 The useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at least annually and 
adjusted, where applicable. When disposed of, property plant and equipment is derecognised. Where 
an asset continues to be used by the group but is expected to provide no future economic benefits, it 
is considered to be impaired. Profits and losses on disposal are calculated by comparing the disposal 
proceeds with the carrying value of the asset, and the resultant gains or losses are included in profit or loss. 
A gain or loss incurred at the point of derecognition is also included in profit or loss at that point. 

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38 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

2.    Accounting policies (continued)

Property, plant and equipment (continued) 
  Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss in the financial period in which they are incurred. 
Where probable future economic benefits, in excess of the current standard of performance of the existing 
asset, are considered to be derived from its major renovation, the cost of that major renovation is added to 
the carrying value of that asset. Major renovations are then depreciated over the remaining useful life of the 
asset.

Grants 
 Grants relating to property, plant and equipment are netted off the assets to which they relate and the net 
investment in the asset is depreciated as set out above. Other grants are held in trade and other payables 
until credited to the income statement as the related expenditure is expensed. 

Revenue 
 Revenue represents sales to external customers excluding value added tax. Passenger revenue is 
recognised when payment is received in cash. Subsidy revenue from local authorities is recognised on 
an accruals basis, based on actual passenger numbers. Contracted and charter services revenues are 
recognised when services are delivered, based on agreed contract rates.

Inventories 
 Inventories are initially recognised at cost on a first in first out basis, and subsequently at the lower of cost 
and net realisable value.  Cost comprises all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the 
inventories to their present location and condition.

Taxation 
 The charge for current taxation is provided at rates of corporation tax that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.  Current tax is based on taxable profits for the year and any 
adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years.

 Deferred tax is provided, using the balance sheet method, on all temporary differences which result in an 
obligation at the balance sheet date to pay more tax, or a right to pay less tax, at a future date, based on tax 
rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.  Temporary 
differences arise between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial 
statements.  The exceptions, where deferred tax assets are not recognised nor deferred tax liabilities 
provided, are: 

•	 On	initial	recognition	of	goodwill;

•	

•	

	The	initial	recognition	of	an	asset	or	liability	in	a	transaction	that	is	not	a	business	combination	and,	
at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

	Taxable	temporary	differences	associated	with	investments	in	subsidiary	undertakings	where	the	
timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the 
deferred income tax asset to be utilised.

Leased assets 
 In accordance with IAS 17, the economic ownership of a leased asset is transferred to the lessee if the 
lessee bears substantially all the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset.  The 
related asset is recognised at the time of inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased asset or, if 
lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments plus incidental payments, if any, to be borne by 
the lessee.  A corresponding amount is recognised as a finance leasing liability. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

39

2.    Accounting policies (continued) 

 Leased assets (continued) 
The interest element of leasing payments represents a constant proportion of the capital balance 
outstanding and is charged to profit or loss over the period of the lease.

 All other leases are regarded as operating leases and the payments made under them are charged to profit 
or loss on a straight line basis over the lease term.  Lease incentives are spread over the term of the lease. 

 Where the Group enters into sale and leaseback transactions, the accounting treatment depends on the 
type of lease involved and the economic and commercial substance of the arrangement.  Where the Group 
retains the majority of the risks and rewards of ownership of the assets they are accounted for as finance 
leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying amount of the asset is deferred and amortised 
over the lease term. Where the group transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the 
lessor they are accounted for as operating leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying value 
of the asset is recognised in the income statement as a gain on disposal. 

Convertible debt 
 The proceeds (which equate to fair value) received on issue of the group’s convertible debt are allocated into 
their liability and equity components and presented separately in the balance sheet. The equity component 
is included in the warrant reserve.

 The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market 
rate of interest that would be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert.  
Subsequently, the debt component is accounted for as a financial liability measured at amortised cost.

 The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt 
component is credited direct to equity through the warrant reserve and is not subsequently re-measured.  
On conversion, the debt and equity elements are credited to share capital and share premium as 
appropriate.

 Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are allocated to the liability and equity 
components of the instrument in proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

 Where there is an exchange of debt instruments with different terms, the group considers whether the 
discounted cash flows differ from those of the original liability by more than 10%. Where the difference 
is more than 10%, then the modification of the terms is accounted for as an extinguishment. Where the 
difference is less than 10%, then it is not accounted for as an extinguishment. 

Self insurance 
 The group’s policy is to self insure high frequency claims such as those for traffic accidents. Under this 
scheme, premiums are paid to QBE Insurance Limited (“QBE”) in respect of each accounting period. 
Premiums paid are held in a fund by QBE in a trust separate from the assets of the company in order to 
meet claims as and when they are settled. The company has no control over the assets of this trust. Claims 
can be made for a period of up to five years after the accounting period to which they relate. Should a 
year of insurance be in surplus, no rebate is recognised until the claim period has expired. Should a year 
of insurance be calculated at any time to be in deficit, an appropriate provision is made immediately. Any 
provision made is discounted to take account of the expected timing of future payments.

Diesel pricing contracts 
 The group has entered into agreements to purchase agreed quantities of diesel over a period of time at a 
fixed price. The agreements do not meet the definitions of a financial instrument under IAS 32 ‘Financial 
Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation’ as the contracts represent executory contracts to buy a non-
financial asset for the use of the group.  Therefore no financial asset or liability is recognised in respect of 
these contracts.

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40 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

2.    Accounting policies (continued) 

Pension costs 

  Defined contribution schemes

 Contributions to the group’s defined contribution pension scheme are charged in profit or loss in the year in 
which they become payable.

Defined benefit pension schemes 
 Scheme assets are measured at fair values.  Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using 
the projected unit method and are discounted at appropriate high quality corporate bond rates that have 
terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related liability.  Appropriate adjustments are made 
for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service costs. Any actuarial gains and losses are 
recognised immediately in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.  Past service cost is 
recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested.  
To the extent that benefits are already vested the group recognises past service cost immediately.

Financial assets 
 The group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the 
purpose for which the asset was acquired.  The group has not classified any of its financial assets as held to 
maturity, available for sale, or at fair value through profit or loss.

 Loans and receivables: these assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments 
that are not quoted in an active market.  They arise principally through the provision of goods and services 
to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also incorporate other types of contractual monetary asset.  They 
are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition 
or issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less 
provision for impairment. 

 Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial 
difficulties on the part of the counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the group 
will be unable to collect all of the amounts due under the terms of the receivable, the amount of such 
a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present value of the future 
expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable.  For trade receivables, which are reported 
net, such provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account with the loss being recognised within 
administrative expenses in profit or loss.  On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, 
the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision.

 Financial assets are de-recognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or 
when the financial asset and all substantial risks and rewards are transferred. 

 The group’s loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in 
the balance sheet. 

 Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly 
liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

41

2.    Accounting policies (continued) 

 Financial liabilities 
The group classifies its financial liabilities in a manner which depends on the purpose for which the liability 
was acquired: 

•	

	Bank	borrowings	are	initially	recognised	at	fair	value	net	of	any	transaction	costs	directly	attributable	
to the issue of the instrument.  Such interest bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that any interest expense 
over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability carried in the 
balance sheet.  Interest expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premiums 
payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon  payable while the liability is outstanding;

•	

	Trade	payables	and	other	short-term	monetary	liabilities	are	initially	recognised	at	fair	value	and	
subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.

 A financial liability is de-recognised when it is extinguished, cancelled or it expires. The group has not 
classified any of its financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

Equity 
 Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares that have been issued.  Premiums received 
on the initial issuing of share capital are credited to the share premium reserve.  Any transaction costs 
associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net of any related income tax 
benefits. Retained earnings include all current and prior period results as disclosed in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income.

 The merger reserve represents the difference between the issue price and the nominal value of shares 
issued as consideration for the acquisition of a subsidiary undertaking.  

 Proceeds from the issue of warrants, net of issue costs, are credited to the warrant reserve and are 
transferred to share premium account on exercise of the warrants.  Any balance in relation to unexercised 
warrants at the expiry of the warrant period is transferred to the profit and loss reserve.

 Share based payments 
Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged 
in profit or loss over the vesting period.  Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting 
the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the 
cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually 
vest.  Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted.  As long as all other 
vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are 
satisfied.  The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.

 Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the 
options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged in profit or loss over the 
remaining vesting period. A decrease in fair value is not recognised.

 Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, profit or loss is charged with the 
fair value of goods and services received.

Segmental reporting 
 IFRS 8 requires the identification of operating segments on the basis of internal reports that are regularly 
reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”).  The CODM has been determined to be 
the executive directors.

 The group has three main revenue streams: contracted, commercial and charter.  All operate within a 
single operating segment, that is the provision of bus services.  The activities of each revenue stream are as 
described in the Chairman’s Statement.

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42 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

3.   

Standards and interpretations not yet applied by Rotala Plc

 At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, certain new standards, amendments and 
interpretations to existing standards have been published, but are not yet effective, and have not been 
adopted early by the group. 

 Management anticipates that all of the relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the group’s accounting 
policies for the first period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. Information on new 
standards, amendments and interpretations that are expected to be relevant to the group’s financial 
statements is provided below. Certain other new standards and interpretations have been issued, the impact 
of which has yet to be established by the directors. The revision to IAS 19 may have a material impact on the 
group’s financial statements.

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

•	

IFRS	9	Financial	Instruments	(effective	1	January	2015)

IFRS	10	Consolidated	Financial	Statements	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IFRS	11	Joint	Arrangements	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IFRS	12	Disclosure	of	Interests	in	Other	Entities	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IFRS	13	Fair	Value	Measurement	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IAS	19	Employee	Benefits	(Revised	June	2011)	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IAS	27	(Revised),	Separate	Financial	Statements	(effective	1	January	2013)	

IAS	28	(Revised),	Investments	in	Associates	and	Joint	Ventures	(effective	1	January	2013)	

•	 Deferred	Tax:	Recovery	of	Underlying	Assets	-	Amendments	to	IAS	12	(effective	1	January	2012)	

•	 Presentation	of	Items	of	Other	Comprehensive	Income	-	Amendments	to	IAS	1	(effective	1	July	2012)	

 Based on the group’s current business model and accounting policies, management does not otherwise 
expect a material impact on the group financial statements when these standards and interpretations 
become effective, other than the revision to IAS 19 noted above.

 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

43

4.   

Segmental analysis and revenue 

 All of the activities of the group are conducted in the United Kingdom within the operating segment of 
provision of bus services. Management monitors revenue across the following streams: contracted, 
commercial and charter:

Contracted

Commercial

Charter

Total

2012 
£’000

2011 
£’000

2012 
£’000

2011 
£’000

Revenue

22,513

21,878

29,569

30,884

2012 
£’000

2,731

2011 
£’000

3,315

2012 
£’000

2011 
£’000

54,813

56,077

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in 
concept a hub and spoke arrangement. All the services that the group performs are similar and every depot 
in the group delivers services in each of the three sub-headings set out above. Furthermore, as a matter 
of management practice, the business of the group is managed by contract (for Contracted Revenue) or by 
route (for Commercial Revenue) or in certain circumstances by both contract and route, depending on the 
type of business. Charter business is typically delivered by short term contracts.

 Contracted and Charter Services are usually delivered against an agreed service level agreement. Detailed 
costs for that individual contract are monitored against those modelled in the original bid calculation. 
Management then takes appropriate action to correct variances as necessary whilst maintaining the agreed 
level of service.

 In Commercial Business, where the revenue is variable and derived from passengers, individual routes are 
constantly monitored for loadings and revenues and trends in passenger revenues and loadings. Passenger 
loadings are analysed, often by fare stage, to establish usage and appropriate routes. In concert with margin 
analysis, individual frequencies and routes are adjusted to maximise revenue yields. 

 In certain parts of the business revenues can be derived from a complex combination of a variable 
passenger revenue underpinned by a fixed revenue base delivered by contract. These types of service are 
managed by individual contract and route and so require a combination of management techniques and 
analyses to ensure that loadings and revenues are maximised whilst delivery to the service agreement is 
maintained. 

 In these circumstances it is impractical to allocate local and central overhead to individual routes and 
contracts. Costs and Operating Profits by revenue stream are therefore not calculated. By the very nature 
of the business the operating assets are also interchangeable and the vehicles used in particular localities 
or on specific routes are frequently changed. Thus it is also not practicable to calculate figures for revenue 
stream assets. Other information such as capital expenditure, depreciation and impairment is also not 
analysed separately for this reason.

In 2012 and 2011 no customer constituted more than 10% of Revenues. 

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44 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

5.   

Staff costs

Staff Costs (including Directors) comprise:

Wages and salaries

Employer’s national insurance contributions

Defined contribution pension costs

Share based payment expense

2012
£’000

24,776

2,309

156

27,241

2

27,243

2011
£’000

25,240

2,145

159

27,544

16

27,560

The average number of employees, including Directors, during the year was as follows:

2012
Number

2011
Number

Management and administrative 

86                                        82    

Direct

1,003

1,089

1,049

1,131

The prior year employee numbers have been restated to ensure consistency of comparability with those of 
2012.

6.    Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration

Salaries and other short term employee benefits

Social security costs

Contribution to defined contribution pension scheme

Share based payment expense

2012
Number

2011
Number

446

36

6

-

488

467

39

6

13

525

1 director (2011 - 1) is a member of the group’s defined contribution pension scheme.

 Emoluments of the highest paid director were £149,160 (2011: £149,259).  Pension contributions of   £5,600 
(2011: £5,600) were made on his behalf.

 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

45

6.    Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration (continued)

The Directors’ remuneration was as follows:

2012
£’000

Share 
based
payment
expense

Remuneration

Total Remuneration

Executive

S L Dunn

R A Dunn

K M Taylor

Non- Executive

J H Gunn

F G Flight

149

112

85

75

25

446

-

-

-

-

-

-

149

112

85

75

25

446

149

122

96

75

25

467

2011
£’000

Share 
based
payment
expense

2

9

2

-

-

Total

151

131

98

75

25

13

480

 The services of John Gunn, Geoffrey Flight and Robert Dunn are provided respectively by Wengen Limited, 
Central Coachways Limited and motorBus Limited under contracts with those companies. 

The board considers the directors of the Company to be the key management personnel of the group.

7.    Profit from operations

This is arrived at after charging/(crediting):

Depreciation of property , plant and equipment

Amortisation of intangible assets

Operating lease expense

- property

- plant and machinery

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Auditors' fees

- parent company

- subsidiaries

2012
£’000

3,742

-

474

1,602

(417)

43

3

2011
£’000

3,680

115

320

823

(160)

8

53

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46 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

8.   

Finance income

Interest receivable on bank deposits

9.   

Finance expense

Bank borrowing and overdraft interest

Interest payable on loan notes

Hire purchase contracts

Debt arrangement costs

Other interest

2012 
£’000

15

2012 
£’000

272

229

825

-

5

1,331

2011
£’000

-

2011
£’000

91

434

1,085

23

3

1,636

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

47

10.  

Tax expense

Current tax

Current tax on profits for the year

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Total current tax

Deferred tax

Origination and reversal of timing differences

Change in rate of tax

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total deferred tax (note 21)

Income tax expense/(credit)

2012
£’000

-

-

-

451

26

(267)

210

210

2011
£’000

-

-

-

78

-

(357)

(279)

(279)

The tax assessed for the year is different to the standard rate of corporation tax in the U.K. for the following 
reasons:

Profit before taxation

Profit at the standard rate of corporation tax  
in the UK of 24% (2011 - 25%):

Expenses not taxable

Capital allowances higher than depreciation

Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total tax charge /(credit)

2012
£’000

2,076

498

(47)

-

-

(241)

210

2011
£’000

1,878

469

(19)

(300)

(72)

(357)

(279)

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48 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

11.   Earnings per share

Basic

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in 
issue

2012
£’000

1,866

2011
£’000

2,157

35,270,888

34,651,991

Basic earnings per share

5.29p

6.22p

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the earnings attributable to the 
ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Profit attributable to ordinary share holders

Interest expense of convertible loan notes (note 9)

Profit for the purposes of diluted earnings per share

2012
£’000

Diluted

1,866

229

2,095

2011
£’000

Diluted

2,157

434

2,591

Weighted average number of shares in issue

35,270,888

34,651,991

Adjustments for:

-  assumed conversion of convertible loan notes

- exercise of options

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the 
purposes of diluted earnings per share

5,146,333

49,331

40,466,552

8,638,889

-

43,290,880

Basic diluted earnings per share

5,18p

5.99p

 In order to arrive at the diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares has 
been adjusted on the assumption of conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The company has 
in issue two sources of potential ordinary shares: convertible loan notes and share options. The convertible 
loan notes are assumed to have been converted into ordinary shares (where dilutive), but the associated 
interest expense has been added back to the profit attributable to shareholders. In respect of the options a 
calculation has been carried out to determine the number of shares, at the average annual market price of 
the company’s shares, which could have been acquired, based on the monetary value of the rights attached 
to those shares. This number has then been subtracted from the number of shares that could be issued on 
the assumption of full exercise of the outstanding options, in order to compute the necessary adjustments 
in the above table. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

49

12.   Property, plant and equipment 

Freehold 
land and 
buildings
£’000

Short  
lease hold  
property
£’000

Plant and  
machinery
£’000

Public 
service 
vehicles
£’000

Fixtures 
and fittings
£’000

Cost

At 1 December 2010

4,012

1,057

1,169

30,536

Additions

Acquisition

Disposals

84

950

-

31

-

(1)

304

267

(13)

2,293

6,390

(2,502)

At 30 November 2011

5,046

1,087

1,727

36,717

Additions

Transfers

Disposals

43

185

-

-

(185)

-

946

-

(17)

5,779

-

(8,929)

696

104

-

(16)

784

32

-

-

Total
£’000

37,470

2,816

7,607

(2,532)

45,361

6,800

-

(8,946)

At 30 November 2012

5,274

902

2,656

33,567

816

43,215

Depreciation

At 1 December 2010

Charge for the year

Acquisition

Disposals

At 30 November 2011

Charge for the year

Transfers

Disposals

At 30 November 2012

Net book value

166

79

-

-

245

132

54

-

431

At 30 November 2012

4,843

At 30 November 2011

4,801

107

40

-

-

147

13

(54)

-

106

796

940

687

256

264

(11)

7,830

3,184

3,452

(922)

424

121

-

(6)

9,214

3,680

3,716

(939)

1,196

13,544

539

15,671

273

3,225

-

-

-

(3,707)

99

-

-

3,742

-

(3,707)

1,469

13,062

638

15,706

1,187

20,505

531

23,173

178

245

27,509

29,690

 The net book value of public service vehicles at 30 November 2012 held under hire purchase agreements 
was £20,177,000 (2011: £21,326,000).  Depreciation of £3,318,000 (2011: £2,554,000) was charged against 
assets falling into this category in the year.

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50 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

13.   Goodwill and other intangible assets

Purchased 
brands
£’000

Contracts
£’000

Goodwill
£’000

Total
£’000

Cost

At 1 December 2010 and 2011 and
at 30 November 2011 and 2012

250

312

9,482

10,044

Amortisation

At 1 December 2010

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2011

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2012

Net book value

At 30 November 2012

At 30 November 2011

250

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250

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250

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197

115

312

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312

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

447

115

562

-

562

9,482

9,482

9,482

9,482

14.   Goodwill and impairment

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in 
concept a hub and spoke arrangement. The complex matrix of management of the group’s business is set 
out in detail in note 4 to these financial statements. In summary, the group’s businesses are managed at 
their lowest levels by contract and by bus route, or sometimes by both methods. They are not managed 
by revenue stream. Moreover the manner in which the group has expanded, with the addition, integration 
and transformation of a number of businesses and entities, has obscured the formal breakdown of the 
total amount of goodwill. The directors consider that, in the light of these factors, the group’s business 
represents a single cash generating unit for the purposes of evaluating the carrying value of goodwill. 
Accordingly, the evaluation calculations have been carried out on this basis. 

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

51

14.   Goodwill and impairment (continued)

 The recoverable amount of the goodwill of the business has been determined from value in use calculations 
based on cash flow projections from formally approved budgets covering a two year period to 30 November 
2014.  Other major assumptions are as follows:

Discount rate

Operating margin

Growth rate

Inflation

CGU
2012
%

12

8

2

3

CGU 
2011
%

15

8

6

3

Operating margins have been based on past experience and future expectations in the light of anticipated 
economic and market conditions.  Discount rates are based on the group’s weighted average cost of 
capital.  Growth rates, beyond the first two years, are based on management estimates and on the historic 
achievements of the group. This rate does not exceed the average long term growth rate for the relevant 
markets. Inflation has been based on management’s expectation given historic trends. After applying 
sensitivity analysis in respect of the results and future cash flows, in particular for presumed growth rates 
and discount rates, management is satisfied that it is highly improbable that there would be such change in 
a key assumption that it would reduce recoverable amount to below book value.

15.  

Inventories

Fuel and spares

2012
£’000

1,892

2011
£’000

1,272

There is no material difference between the replacement cost of stocks and the amounts stated above.

 The amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the year was £15,488,000 (2011: £17,487,000). 
No inventory has been written down to fair value in 2012 or 2011 and therefore no associated expense was 
incurred.

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52 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

16.  

Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables

Tax and social security

Prepayments and accrued income

Vehicle order deposit placed (see note 18)

2012
£’000

3,660

371

3,740

683

8,454

2011
£’000

2,929

466

1,713

1,443

6,551

 The carrying values of trade and other receivables are considered to be a reasonable approximation of 
fair value.  The effect of discounting trade and other receivables has been assessed and is deemed to be 
immaterial to the results.

 All trade and other receivables have been reviewed for indicators of impairment.  During the year no trade 
receivables were found to be impaired and a provision of £33,000 was released (2011: provision of £18,000 
was created and utilised).

 In addition, some of the unimpaired trade receivables are past due as at the reporting date.  The ages of 
trade receivables past due but not impaired are as follows:

Not more than 3 months overdue

More than 3 months but not more than 1 year

2012
£’000

45

189

234

Movements in the group trade receivables provision in the year are as follows: 

Balance brought forward at 1 December

Provided in the year

Acquired

Released

Utilised in the year

Balance carried forward at 30 November 

2012
£’000

33

-

-

(33)

-

-

2011
£’000

107

118

225

2011
£’000

-

18

33

-

(18)

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

53

17.   Cash and cash equivalents

  Cash and cash equivalents are analysed as follows:

Cash at bank

18.  

Trade and other payables - current

Trade payables

Taxation and social security

Other creditors

Accruals and deferred income

Grant payable (see also note 16)

Dividend declared and payable

2012
£’000

351

2012
£’000

3,720

536

261

1,028

683

-

6,228

2011
£’000

869

2011
£’000

3,760

839

177

1,311

1,443

141

7,671

 The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their 
fair value. The effect of discounting trade and other payables has been assessed and is deemed to be 
immaterial to the group’s results.

 During 2012 the group placed an order for 8 (2011: 15) hybrid diesel electric buses. The group received 
from the Government’s Green Bus Fund a related grant for the acquisition of these vehicles. As a condition 
of its receipt, the grant had to be passed immediately to the manufacturer and the vehicles have to be in 
operation by 31 March 2013. As at 30 November 2012 none (2011: 2) of these vehicles had been delivered 
and therefore the grant has been treated as a payable in these accounts as not all of the criteria are yet met, 
with the related deposit placed with the manufacturer treated as a receivable. 

 As the vehicles are delivered, the receivable and corresponding payable are released, and any cost of 
the asset in excess of the grant received is capitalised. All the vehicles had been delivered by the date of 
signature of these accounts. The grant gives rise to a contingent liability (see note 30). 

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54 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

19.  

Loans and borrowings

Current

Convertible loan stock

Overdrafts

Bank loans

Non-current

Convertible loan stock

Bank loans

Analysis of maturity 

2012
£’000

-

1,761

1,789

3,550

2,316

1,900

4,216

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

Convertible 
debt

Bank loans  
and overdrafts

2012
£’000

Obligations 
under hire 
purchase

2012
£’000

Trade 
and other 
payables

2011
£’000

1,572

-

127

1,699

2,306

1,583

3,889

2012
£’000

Total

In one year or less or  
on demand
In more than one year but 
not more than two years
In more than two years but 
not more than five years

185

2,330

-

3,678

384

1,711

4,525

3,373

4,100

4,664

13,052

-

-

6,087

5,811

2,515

5,773

11,998

4,664

24,950

2011
£’000

2011
£’000

2011
£’000

Convertible 
debt

Bank loans  
and 
overdrafts

Obligations 
under hire 
purchase

2011
£’000

Trade 
and other 
payables

2011
£’000

Total

In one year or less or  
on demand
In more than one year but 
not more than two years
In more than two years but 
not more than five years
Later than 5 years

1,776

212

184

1,623

2,506

-

-

-

5,038

4,162

5,567

6

5,380

12,406

-

-

-

5,969

8,073

6

4,466

1,835

14,773

5,380

26,454

 
   
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

55

19.  

Loans and borrowings (continued)

Convertible debt 
 A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008 in connection with the acquisition of 
The Diamond Bus Company Limited.  The convertible loan stock was originally redeemable at par on 
31 December 2011 or convertible into 25p ordinary shares of the company at a price of 67.5p per share. 
However, with effect from 31 August 2011, holders of £2,315,850 of the stock agreed to defer the redemption 
date to 31 December 2014. For these holders conversion may take place on or before 31 December 2014 
at a price of 45p per share. None of the remaining £1,571,650 of the stock was converted before the 
redemption date of 31 December 2011 and became redeemable in accordance with the original loan stock 
deed. The loan stock continues to bear a coupon of 8%.

Bank borrowings  
 The group entered into a Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 20 November 
2012. This agreement provides a revolving £5m facility combined with a mortgage facility of up to £3.4m. It is 
for an initial three year term, renewable at 20 November 2015. There is a separate mortgage facility with the 
same bank, which expires on 20 December 2016, for a sum of £620,000. 

 The group entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its 
overdraft facilities.

 The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are 
calculated such that the mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 15 years which is 
considered to give a reasonable approximation to the effective interest rate. 

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56 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

20.   Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Not later than one year

More than one but less 
than two years
More than two but less 
than five years

Not later than one year

More than one but less 
than two years
More than two but less 
than five years

Later than 5 years

2012
£’000

Minimum lease 
payments

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

Interest

Present value

4,525

3,373

4,100

11.998

2011
£’000

594

342

186

1,122

2011
£’000

3,931

3,031

3,914

10,876

2011
£’000

Minimum lease 
payments

Interest

Present value

5,038

4,162

5,567

6

785

477

329

-

4,253

3,685

5,238

6

14,773

1,591

13,182

The present values of future lease payments are analysed as:

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

2012 
£’000

3,931

6,945

10,876

2011
£’000

4,253

8,929

13,182

Obligations under hire purchase contracts are secured on the assets to which they relate. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

57

21.   Deferred taxation

The deferred tax asset included in the Statement of Financial Position is analysed as follows:

Accelerated capital allowances

Arising on fair value adjustments on acquisitions

Arising on defined benefit pension scheme

Losses

Asset

The movements in the deferred tax asset in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December 

Recognised in business combination

Recognised in profit or loss

Recognised in other comprehensive income

Balance carried forward at 30 November

2012
£’000

(396)

(302)

351

868

521

2012
£’000

489

-

(210)

242

521

2011
£’000

(248)

(308)

214

831

489

2011
£’000

68

(20)

279

162

489

At 30 November 2012 there were £nil (2011: £nil) timing differences or unused tax losses for which deferred 
tax has not been provided.

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58 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

22.   Pensions

 Group companies operate defined contribution pension schemes.  The assets of the schemes are held 
separately from those of the group in independently administered funds.  The pension charge amounted to 
£156,000 (2011: £159,000).  Contributions amounting to £973 (2011: £Nil) were payable to the funds at the 
balance sheet dates.

 Another group company operates a defined benefit pension scheme within the West Midlands Integrated 
Transport Authority Pension Fund (“WMITAPF”), governed by the Local Government Superannuation 
Regulations 1986. The group accounts for pensions in accordance with IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. 
Contributions amounting to £22,841 (2011: £49,435) were payable to the fund at the balance sheet dates.

 WMITAPF defined benefit pension scheme 
The calculations of the IAS 19 disclosures for the WMITAPF have been based on the most recent actuarial 
valuations, which have been updated to 30 November 2012 by an independent professionally qualified 
actuary to take account of the requirements of IAS 19. 

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

Rate of increase in salaries

Rate of increase of pensions in payment

Discount rate

Inflation

Expected long-term rate of return

-Equities

- Government bonds

- Other bonds

- Cash

- Property

30 November
2012
%

30 November
2011
%

n/a

2.0

4.0

2.0

7.0

2.7

3.6

0.5

n/a

n/a

2.1

4.9

2.1

7.0

3.0

4.2

0.5

n/a

 The expected return on plan assets is based on expectations at the beginning of the period for returns over 
the entire life of the benefit obligation.  The expected returns are set in conjunction with external actuaries 
and take account of market factors, fund managers views and targets for future returns and where 
appropriate historical returns.

 The life expectancy assumptions used for the scheme are periodically reviewed and as at 30 November 2012 
were:

Current pensioner aged 65 - male

Current pensioner aged 65 - female

Future pensioners at age 65 (aged 45 now) - male

Future pensioners at age 65 (aged 45 now) - female

30 November
2012
Years

30 November
2011
Years

20.9

23.7

22.3

25.2

20.8

23.6

22.2

25.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

59

22.   Pensions (continued)

 Since the scheme has been closed for a number of years, there is no current service cost to be charged to 
operating profits.

Change in assumption

Impact on overall liability

Discount rate

Inflation

Life expectancy

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.27%

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.28%

Increase by 1 year

Increase of 2.2%

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet were determined as follows:

Equities

Bonds

Cash

Total market value of assets

Present value of scheme liabilities

Pension liability before tax

Related deferred tax asset

Net pension liability

30 November
2012
£’000

30 November
2011
£’000

6,959

8,506

-

15,465

(16,928)

(1,463)

351

(1,112)

6,434

8,079

44

14,557

(15,411)

(854)

214

(640)

 The equity investments and bonds which are held in plan assets are quoted and are valued at the current 
bid price.

The total charge to profit and loss for pensions is as follows:

Finance cost

- expected return on assets

- interest cost

Net cost

Total defined benefit cost

Defined contribution costs

Total profit and loss charge

2012
£’000

734

(734)

-

-

(156)

(156)

 2011
£’000

676

(676)

-

-

(159)

(159)

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60 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

22.   Pensions (continued)

Analysis of amount included within the group’s statement of total comprehensive income:

Actual return less expected return on pension 
scheme assets
Changes in assumptions underlying the present 
value of the scheme liabilities

Actuarial loss

2012 
£’000

638

(1,647)

(1,009)

2011
£’000

(107)

(541)

(648)

Actuarial (losses)/gains as a percentage of scheme assets and liabilities at 30 November 2012 were as 
follows:

Actual return less expected return on pensions  
scheme assets as a percentage of scheme assets

Total actuarial gain/(loss) recognised in statement of 
total comprehensive income as a percentage of the 
present value of scheme liabilities

2012

2011

4.2

(5.9)

(0.7)

(3.6)

 The cumulative amount of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit schemes recognised in the 
statement of total comprehensive income since 25 January 2011 (the date at which the pension scheme 
entered the group) is a loss of £1,657,000.

The amount of contribution to be paid by the group to the scheme during the next financial year is £400,000.

The movement in deficit during the year under IAS 19 was:

Deficit in scheme at 30 November

Movements in the period

- Contributions

- Actuarial loss

Deficit in scheme at the end of the year

2012
£’000

(854)

400

(1,009)

(1,463)

2011
£’000

(518)

312

(648)

(854)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

61

22.   Pensions (continued)

The movement in assets during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

Deficit in scheme at 30 November

Expected return on plan assets

Actuarial gains/(losses)

Employer contributions

Benefits paid

At end of year

The movement in liabilities during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

At 30 November 

Interest cost

Actuarial loss - changes in assumptions

Benefits paid

At end of year

23.  

Share capital

2012
£’000

14,557

734

638

400

(864)

15,465

2012
£’000

(15.411)

(734)

(1,647)

864

2011
£’000

14,253

676

(107)

312

(577)

14,557

2011
£’000

(14,771)

(676)

(541)

577

(16,928)

(15,411)

Authorised and called up and fully paid

2012
Number

2012
£’000

2011
Number

Ordinary shares of 25p each

35,270,888

8,818

35,270,888

As at 1 December 2010

16 February 2011

26 May 2011

As at 30 November 2011 and 2012

Number 

33,060,368

1,648,020

562,500

35,270,888

2011
£’000

8,818

Nominal Value
£’000

8,265

412

141

8,818

 Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of 
capital. There are no restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind. 

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62 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

24.  

Share options and warrants 

 As at 30 November 2012 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the 
company’s employee share option schemes:

Date of grant

29 March 2005

30 August 2005

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

6 September 2007

5 September 2008

Number of  
options granted

Earliest exercise 
date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

240,000

93,333

520,000

208,000

880,000

695,000

29 March 2008

28 March 2015

30 August 2008

29 August 2015

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

125.0p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

62.5p

50.0p

24 September 2012

431,066

24 September 2015

24 March 2016

40.05p

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share 
option scheme, administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue 
of share options of 24 September 2012 is at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme 
runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, through payroll deductions, a monthly sum 
which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three year period the 
employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) 
at a price fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the Board is free 
to price the share option at a discount to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option 
is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under the Scheme will arise every six months, 
within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual Results of the 
Company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the Board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 
million options over Ordinary Shares of the Company for this purpose.

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group 
executive directors and senior management.  The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an 
employee of the group until the option is exercised. 

2012
Weighted average 
exercise price

2011
Weighted average 
exercise price

Number

Number

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

63.34p

2,714,333

63.34p

2,714,333

Forfeited during the year

Issued during the year

(58.00)

40.05

(78,000)

431,066

-

-

-

-

Outstanding at the end of the year

60.21p

3,067,399

63.34p

2,714,333

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 162.5p (2011: 
37.5p and 162.5p) and their weighted average remaining contractual life was 4.23 years (2011: 5.48 years).

 Of the outstanding options at the balance sheet date 2,636,333 (2011: 2,714,333) were exercisable.  The 
weighted average exercise price was 60.21p (2011: 63.34p).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

63

24.  

Share options and warrants (continued)

 The fair value of options granted was determined under IFRS 2 using the Black-Scholes valuation model.  
Significant assumptions used in the calculations included:

•	 an	exercise	price	of	40.05p;

•	 a	share	price	volatility	of	20%	based	on	expected	and	historical	price	movements;

•	 a	weighted	average	share	price	of	44.5p;

•	 a	dividend	yield	of	3%;

•	 a	risk-free	interest	rate	of	3%;	and

•	 a	period	to	maturity	of	three	years	from	the	date	of	grant	of	the	options.

The weighted average fair value of options granted in the period was 8p.

 Warrants  
A total of 239,830 warrants over ordinary shares at a price of 67.5p expired unexercised on 31 December 
2011. There are no further warrants now outstanding. 

25.   Commitments under operating leases

The group had total commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as set out below:

2012
£’000

2011
£’000

Land and  
buildings

Other

Land and  
buildings

Operating lease commitments payable:

Within one year

In two to five years

In more than five years

337

565

1,488

1,833

5,113

587

359

755

1,534

Other

1,244

4,129

328

2,390

7,533

2,648

5,701

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64 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

26.  

Financial instruments - risk management 

 The group holds or issues derivative financial instruments to finance its operations and manage its 
operating risks.  The Board agrees and reviews policies and financial instruments for risk management. 
All financial assets are classified as loans and receivables and all financial liabilities are measured at 
amortised cost. 

The principal financial assets and liabilities on which financial risks arise are as follows:

Financial assets - loans and receivables

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Financial liabilities - at amortised cost

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

2012
£’000

2011
£’000

Carrying value

Carrying Value

4,343

351

4,694

4,664

7,766

12,430

4,372

869

5,241

5,380

5,588

10,968

 Financial risk management 
The principal financial risks to which the group is exposed are liquidity, credit, interest rate, commodity 
and capital risk. Each of these is managed as set out below.  The overall objective of the Board is to set 
policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting the group’s competitiveness and 
flexibility. 

 Liquidity risk 
 The group has a policy of ensuring that sufficient funds are always available for its operating activities.  
The Board continually monitors the group’s cash requirements, as disclosed on page 21.

 Interest rate risk 
The group seeks to obtain a favourable interest rate on its cash balances through the use of bank 
treasury deposits.  

 The interest rate profile of the financial liabilities of the group, all of which are in Sterling, was as 
follows:

2012
£’000

2011
£’000

Financial liabilities 
on which a floating 
rate is paid

Financial liabilities 
on which a fixed 
rate is paid

Financial liabilities 
on which a floating 
rate is paid

Financial liabilities 
on which a fixed 
rate is paid

UK Sterling

4,444

13,766

625

18,145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

65

 26.  

Financial instruments - risk management (continued)

 Interest rate risk (continued) 
In the year the group paid interest at a rate of between 3% and 4.5% (2011: between 3% and 4.5%) on its 
liabilities subject to floating rates of interest.  The financial liabilities subject to fixed rates of interest 
(fixed for the whole year) were at rates between 5% and 11% (2011: between 5% and 11%) in the year. If 
floating rates of interest changed by 1%, the group’s interest expense would not change by a material 

sum.

 Credit risk 
The group is exposed to credit risk on cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other receivables. Cash 
balances, all held in the UK, are placed with the group’s principal bankers. The client base of the group 
lies mainly in government and semi-government bodies and substantial blue chip organisations. As a 
result the group rarely needs to carry out credit checks, but does do so if it judges this to be appropriate. 
Provisions for doubtful debts are established in respect of specific trade and other receivables where it 
is deemed they are impaired.

 Commodity risk 
The Group is exposed to risk in the fluctuating price of diesel. It mitigates this risk through  entering 
fixed price purchase contracts.

 Capital risk  
The group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, other reserves 
and accumulated retained earnings. The group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the 
group will be able to continue as going concerns, while maximising the return to shareholders.  The 
Board closely monitors current and forecast cash balances to allow the group to maximise return to 
shareholders by way of dividends, whilst maintaining suitable amounts of liquid funds to allow continued 
investment in the group. The group sets the amount of capital in proportion to its overall financing 
structure, i.e. equity and financial liabilities.  The group manages the capital structure and makes 
adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the 
underlying assets.  In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the group may adjust the amount 
of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to 
reduce debt.

Capital for the reporting period under review is as follows:

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Warrant reserve

Retained earnings

Total capital

2012
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

-

2,663

2011
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

245

1,600

21,876

21,058

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66 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

27.   Related parties and transactions

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H Gunn, and 
invoiced by that company to Rotala, as set out in note 6.  At the year end £nil (2011: £nil) of the amount 
charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year J H Gunn received from the company 
a total of £66,669 (2011: £48,942) in dividends on ordinary shares and £nil (2011: £10,400) in interest on 
convertible unsecured loan stock. 

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and 
invoiced by that company to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala, as set out in note 6.  At the year end 
£10,570 (2011: £11,319) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the 
year R A Dunn received from Rotala a total of £10,913 (2011: £7,917) in dividends on ordinary shares.

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G 
Flight, and invoiced by that company to Rotala, as set out in note 6.  At the year end £7,891 (2011: £5,000) 
of the amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year F G Flight received 
from Rotala a total of £15,901 (2011: £11,926) in dividends on ordinary shares and £2,000 (2011: £4,000) 
in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

 During the year S L Dunn received from the company a total of £8,083 (2011: £4,990) in dividends on 
ordinary shares and £20,800 (2011: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

 During the year K M Taylor received from the company a total of £4,290 (2011: £3,218) in dividends on 
ordinary shares and £2,000 (2011: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

 In the period to 6 May 2011 goods and services to the value of £65,251 were invoiced to Dunn Motor 
Traction Limited, a company of which R A Dunn was a director until that date. At 30 November 2012 and 
2011 Mr Dunn and his beneficial interests held no shareholding in that company.  

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The 
Fund held an interest in 1,730,221 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2012 (2011: 1,730,221 
ordinary shares). The Fund also held £400,000 of the convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date 
(2011: £605,850). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that state, is unable to exercise his 
vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2012 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests held 
25.02% (2011: 24.9%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received 
from the company a total of £20,763 (2011: £14,387) in dividends on ordinary shares and £40,234 (2011: 
£48,468) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock. 

28   Post balance sheet events

 As set out in the Chairman’s Statement, on 3 March 2013 the group acquired certain businesses and assets 
in Kidderminster and Redditch from First Group plc. The Chairman’s Statement describes the reasons 
for the acquisition and should be consulted for a detailed description of all the relevant factors. The 
consideration for the acquisition was £1.5 million in cash.  At the date of these accounts it is possible only to 
estimate the fair values of the assets which have been acquired. These are set out below. It is not expected 
that there will be a material amount of goodwill attached to the acquisition.

Fixed assets

Vehicles

Freehold land and buildings

Other fixed assets

Total fixed assets

£’000

250

1,189

61

1,500

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

67

29.   Capital commitments

 As at 30 November 2012 the group had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of 
£1,677,000 (2011: £2,764,000).  

30.   Contingent liabilities

 As related in note 18, the group during the year received a grant of £683,000 from the Government’s Green 
Bus Fund for the acquisition of 8 hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of this grant is that 
the vehicles should be retained by the group for at least three years. If this condition is not observed the 
grant becomes repayable. The group has no intention of not meeting this condition of the grant.  

 The group in 2011 received a grant of £1,664,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the acquisition 
of 15 hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of this grant is that the vehicles should be 
retained by the group for at least three years. If this condition is not observed the grant becomes repayable. 
The group has no intention of not meeting this condition of the grant. 

31.   Audit exemption for subsidiary undertakings 

 For the year ended 30 November 2012, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 
479A – 479C of the Companies Act 2006 and, with the exception of Preston Bus Limited, its subsidiary 
undertakings have not been subject to an individual annual audit.  Rotala Plc has given a statutory 
guarantee to each of these subsidiary undertakings guaranteeing their liabilities, a copy of which will be 
filed at Companies House.

The companies which have taken this exemption are as follows:

Name

Flights Hallmark Limited

Central Connect Limited

The Diamond Bus Company Limited

Flights Corporate Transfers Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

North Birmingham Busways Limited

North Birmingham Training Limited

Ludlows of Halesowen Limited

Diamond Bus Company Holding Limited

Company Number

4327651

3506681

2531054

4390228

6504654

2852589

3661642

1352987

6504657

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68 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Company Balance Sheet
As at 30 November 2012

Note

2012
£’000

2011
£’000

Fixed assets

Investments

Current assets

Debtors

Cash at bank and in hand

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Net current (liabilities)/assets

Total assets less current liabilities

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than  
one year

Net assets

Capital and reserves

Called up share capital

Share premium account

Warrant reserve

Profit and loss account

Shareholders’ funds

3

4

5

6

8

10

10

10

11

25,539

25,539

1,870

-

1,870

(5,148)

(3,278)

22,261

(4,216)

18,045

8,818

7,828

-

1,399

18,045

4,569

22

4,591

(7,766)

(3,175)

22,364

(3,889)

18,475

8,818

7,828

245

1,584

18,475

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 12 April 2013 

Simon Dunn       

Chief Executive       

 Kim Taylor 

 Group Finance Director

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // COMPANY BALANCE SHEET & NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

69

Notes to the Company  
Financial Statements

1.    Accounting policies

The following principal accounting policies have been applied in the preparation of the financial statements:

Basis of preparation 
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance 
with United Kingdom applicable accounting standards.

Investments 
Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost less any provision for impairment. Where possible, 
advantage is taken of the merger relief rules and shares issued for acquisitions are accounted for at 
nominal value.

Deferred taxation 
Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not 
reversed by the balance sheet date except that the recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent 
that the company anticipates making sufficient taxable profits in the future to absorb the reversal of the 
underlying timing differences.

Deferred tax balances are measured on an undiscounted basis at tax rates that are expected to apply in the 
periods in which timing differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at 
the balance sheet date.

Convertible debt 
The proceeds received on issue of the company’s convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity 
components and presented separately in the balance sheet.

The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate 
of interest that would be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert.  

The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt 
component is credited direct to equity and is not subsequently re-measured.  On conversion, the debt and 
equity elements are credited to share capital and share premium account, as appropriate.

Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are allocated to the liability and equity 
components of the instrument in proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

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70 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

1.    Accounting policies 

Share based payments 
Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged 
to the profit and loss account over the vesting period.  Non-market vesting conditions are taken into 
account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, 
ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options 
that eventually vest.  Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted.  As 
long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market 
vesting conditions are satisfied.  The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market 
vesting condition.

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of 
the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the profit and loss 
account over the remaining vesting period.

Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, the profit and loss account is 
charged with the fair value of goods and services received.

Related party disclosures 
The company has taken advantage of the exemption conferred by Financial Reporting Standard 8 ‘Related 
Party Disclosures’ not to disclose transactions with members of the group headed by Rotala plc on the 
grounds that 100% of the voting rights in the company are controlled within that group and that the 
company is included in the consolidated financial statements. 

2.    Profit/(loss) for the financial year

The company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 
and has not presented its own profit and loss account in these financial statements. The group’s profit 
for the year includes a loss after taxation of £149,000 (2011: profit £1,439,000) which is dealt with in these 
parent company financial statements. 

3.   

Investments

Cost and net book value

At 1 December 2011 & 30 November 2012

Subsidiary  
undertakings
£’000

25,539

The principal undertakings (all held directly except where indicated), in which the company’s interest at the 
year end is 20% or more, are as follows:

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

71

3.   

Investments (continued)

Country of  
incorporation or  
registration

Proportion of voting 
rights and ordinary 
share capital held

Flights Hallmark Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

Central Connect Limited

The Diamond Bus Company Limited*

Preston Bus Limited

* Held indirectly 

England

England

England

England

England

4.    Debtors

Prepayments and accrued income

Vehicle order deposit place (see note 5)

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

2012
£’000

79

683

1,108

1,870

Nature of business

Transport

Property holding

Transport

Transport

Transport

2011
£’000

14

1,443

3.112

4,569

All amounts shown under debtors fall due for payment within one year.

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72 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

5.    Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Dividend declared and payable

Bank loans and overdrafts (note 6)

Convertible loan stock (note 6)

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings

Grant payable (see also note 4)

Trade creditors

Other creditors

2012
£’000

-

2,401

-

1,635

683

57

372

5,148

2011
£’000

141

127

1,572

4,248

1,443

60

175

7,766

During 2012 the company placed an order for 8 (2011: 15) hybrid diesel electric buses. The company 
received from the Government’s Green Bus Fund a related grant for the acquisition of these vehicles. As 
a condition of its receipt, the grant had to be passed immediately to the manufacturer. As at 30 November 
2012 none (2011: 2) of these vehicles had been delivered. The grant has therefore been treated as a payable 
in these accounts, with the related deposit placed with the manufacturer treated as a receivable. 

As the vehicles are delivered the receivable and corresponding payable are released. All the vehicles had 
been delivered by the date of signature of these accounts. The grant gives rise to a contingent liability (see 
note 15).

6.    Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

Convertible loan stock

Bank loan

2012
£’000

2,316

1,900

4,216

2011
£’000

2,306

1,583

3,889

Convertible debt 
A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008 in connection with the acquisition of 
The Diamond Bus Company Limited.  The convertible loan stock was originally redeemable at par on 
31 December 2011 or convertible into 25p ordinary shares of the company at a price of 67.5p per share. 
However, with effect from 31 August 2011, holders of £2,315,850 of the stock agreed to defer the redemption 
date to 31 December 2014. For these holders conversion may take place on or before 31 December 2014 
at a price of 45p per share. None of the remaining £1,571,650 of the stock was converted before the 
redemption date of 31 December 2011 and became redeemable in accordance with the original loan stock 
deed. The loan stock continues to bear a coupon of 8%.

 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

73

6.    Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year (continued)

  Bank loan 

 This loan is secured upon three freehold properties held by subsidiary undertakings of the company, Flights 
Hallmark Limited, Preston Bus Limited and Hallbridge Way Property Limited. 

The company entered into a Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 20 
November 2012. This agreement provides a revolving £5m facility combined with a mortgage facility of up 
to £3.4m. It is for an initial three year term, renewable at 20 November 2015. There is a separate mortgage 
facility with the same bank, which expires on 20 December 2016, for a sum of £620,000. 

The group entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its 
overdraft facilities.

The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are 
calculated such that the mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 15 years.  

Analysis of maturity

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more 
than two years

In more than two years but not more 
than five years

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more 
than two years
In more than two years but not more 
than five years

Convertible debt
2012 
£’000

Bank loan
2012
£’000

-

2,316

-

2,316

2,401

289

1,611

4,301

Convertible debt
2011 
£’000

Bank loan
2011
£’000

1,572

-

2,306

3,878

127

1,583

-

1,710

Total
2012
£’000

2,401

2,605

1,611

6,617

Total
2011
£’000

1,699

1,583

2,306

5,588

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74 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

7.    Deferred tax

 No closing deferred tax provision is required for the company for 2012.  The potential deferred taxation 
assets not provided are:

Accelerated capital allowances

Losses

2012
£’000

-

16

16

 The deferred tax asset above has not been recognised in accordance with the company’s accounting 
policies.

8.   

Share capital

2012
Number

Ordinary shares of 25p each

35,270,888

Allotted and called up and fully paid

2012
£’000

8,818

2011
Number

35,270,888

Issued Share Capital

As at 1 December 2010

16 February 2011

26 May 2011

As at 30 November 2011 and 2012

Number

33,060,368

1,648,020

562,500

35,270,888

2011
£’000

-

12

12

2011
£’000

8,818

Value

8,265

412

141

8,818

Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of 
capital. There are no restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind. 

9.   

Share options and warrants

 As at 30 November 2012 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the 
company’s employee share option schemes:

Number of  
options granted

Earliest  
exercise date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

Date of grant

29 March 2005

30 August 2005

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

240,000

29 March 2008

28 March 2015

93,333

30 August 2008

29 August 2015

520,000

208,000

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

6 September 2007

880,000

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

5 September 2008

695,000

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

24 September 2012

431,066 24 September 2015

24 March 2016

125.0p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

75

9.   

Share options and warrants (continued)

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share 
option scheme, administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue 
of share options of 24 September 2012 is at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme 
runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, through payroll deductions, a monthly sum 
which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three year period the 
employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) 
at a price fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the Board is free 
to price the share option at a discount to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option 
is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under the Scheme will arise every six months, 
within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual Results of the 
Company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the Board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 
million options over Ordinary Shares of the Company for this purpose.

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group 
executive directors and senior management.  The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an 
employee of the group until the option is exercised. 

2012
Weighted 
average  
exercise price

2012

Number

2011
Weighted 
average  
exercise price

2011

Number

63.34

2,714,333

63.34p

2,714,333

(58.00)

40.05

(78,000)

431,066

-

-

-

-

60.21p

3,067,399

63.34p

2,714,333

Outstanding at beginning  
of the year

Forfeited during the year

Issued during the year

Outstanding at the end of 
the year

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 162.5p (2011: 
37.5p and 162.5p) and their weighted average remaining contractual life was 4.23 years (2011: 5.48 years).

Of the outstanding options at the balance sheet date 2,636,333 (2011: 2,714,333) were exercisable.  The 
weighted average exercise price was 60.21p (2011: 63.34p).

The fair value of options granted was determined under IFRS 2 using the Black-Scholes valuation model.  
Significant assumptions used in the calculations included:

•	 an	exercise	price	of	40.05p;
•	 a	share	price	volatility	of	20%	based	on	expected	and	historical	price	movements;
•	 a	weighted	average	share	price	of	44.5p;
•	 a	dividend	yield	of	3%;
•	 a	risk-free	interest	rate	of	3%;	and
•	 a	vesting	period	of		three	years	from	the	date	of	grant	of	the	options.

The weighted average fair value of options granted in the period was 8p.

Of the outstanding options at the balance sheet date 2,636,333 (2011: 2,714,333) were exercisable.  The 
weighted average exercise price was 60.21p (2011: 63.34p).

  Warrants 

 A total of 239,830 warrants over ordinary shares at a price of 67.5p expired unexercised on 31 December 
2011. There are no further warrants now outstanding. 

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76 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

10.   Reserves

At 1 December 2011

Loss for the year

Employee share schemes

Release from warrant reserve

Dividends paid and payable

Share premium 
account
2012 
£’000

7,828

-

-

-

-

At 30 November 2012

7,828

11. Reconciliation of movements in shareholders’ funds 

(Loss)/profit for the year

Issue of shares

Share based payment charge credited to reserves

Dividends paid and payable

Net addition to shareholders’ funds

Opening shareholders’ funds

Closing shareholders’ funds

Warrant 
reserve
2012
£’000

Profit and  
loss account
2012
£’000

245

-

-

(245)

-

-

2012
£’000

(149)

-

2

(283)

(430)

18,475

18,045

1,584

(149)

2

245

(283)

1,399

2011
£’000

1,439

619

16

(352)

1,722

16,753

18,475

12.  Pensions

The company does not have a pension scheme of any nature. 

13.  Capital commitments

 As at 30 November 2012 the company had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of 
£1,677,000 (2011: £2,764,000).  

14.  Commitments under operating leases

The company had the following operating lease commitments:

Expiry date

- up to one year

- between two and five years

Other
2012 £’000

Other
2011 £’000

-

31

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3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS // NOTES TO THE COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

77

15.   Contingent liabilities

The company has entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement with its subsidiaries.  At 30 
November 2012 the contingent liability amounted to £717,000 (2011: £nil).

The company has guaranteed some of the hire purchase obligations of its subsidiaries.  At 30 November 
2012 the contingent liability amounted to £10,876,000 (2011: £13,182,000).

As related in note 5, the company during the year received a grant of £683,000 from the Government’s Green 
Bus Fund for the acquisition of 8 hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of this grant is that 
the vehicles should be retained by the group for at least three years. If this condition is not observed the 
grant becomes repayable. The company has no intention of not meeting this condition of the grant.  

The company in 2011 received a grant of £1,664,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the 
acquisition of 15 hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of this grant is that the vehicles 
should be retained by the group for at least three years. If this condition is not observed the grant becomes 
repayable. The company has no intention of not meeting this condition of the grant. 

16.   Related parties and transactions

1. 

2. 

3. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H Gunn, and 
invoiced by that company to Rotala.  At the year end £nil (2011: £nil) of the amount charged was unpaid 
and included within creditors. During the year J H Gunn received from Rotala a total of £66,669 (2011: 
£48,942) in dividends on ordinary shares and £nil (2011: £10,400) in interest on convertible unsecured 
loan stock. 

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and 
invoiced by that company to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala.  At the year end £10,570 (2011: £11,319) 
of the amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year R A Dunn received 
from Rotala a total of £10,913 (2011: £7,917) in dividends on ordinary shares.

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G 
Flight, and invoiced by that company to Rotala.  At the year end £7,891 (2011: £5,000) of the amount 
charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year F G Flight received from Rotala a 
total of £15,901 (2011: £11,926) in dividends on ordinary shares and £2,000 (2011: £4,000) in interest on 
convertible unsecured loan stock. 

4. 

 During the year S L Dunn received from Rotala a total of £8,083 (2011: £4,990) in dividends on ordinary 
shares and £20,800 (2011: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

 5. 

 During the year K M Taylor received from Rotala a total of £4,290 (2011: £3,218) in dividends on ordinary 
shares and £2,000 (2011: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

6. 

7. 

 In the period to 6 May 2011 goods and services to the value of £65,251 were invoiced by a subsidiary 
undertaking of Rotala to Dunn Motor Traction Limited, a company of which R A Dunn was a director until 
that date. At 30 November 2012 and 2011 Mr Dunn and his beneficial interests held no shareholding in 
that company.  

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The 
Fund held an interest in 1,730,221 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2012 (2011: 1,730,221 
ordinary shares). The Fund also held £400,000 of the convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date 
(2011: £605,850). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that state, is unable to exercise his 
vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2012 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests held 
25.02% (2011: 24.9%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received from 
Rotala a total of £20,763 (2011: £14,387) in dividends on ordinary shares and £40,234 (2011: £48,468) in 
interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

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78 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Notice of Annual General Meeting

NOTICE IS HEREBY given that the Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) of Rotala plc 

(the “Company”) will be held at 12pm on 22 May 2012 at the offices of the Company 

at Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham, B7 5JJ for the purpose of considering, 

and if thought fit, passing the following Resolutions with or without modifications and 

of which Resolutions 1 to 6 (inclusive) will be proposed as ordinary resolutions and 

Resolutions 7 to 8 will be proposed as special resolutions.

Ordinary Resolutions

1. 

2. 

3. 

 THAT, the accounts of the Company for the financial period ended 30 November 2012, together with the 
directors’ report and the auditors’ report on those accounts, be received and considered.

 THAT, upon recommendation of the directors, a dividend of 0.90p per ordinary share be declared as a final 
dividend in respect of the financial year ended 30 November 2012.

 THAT, Grant Thornton UK LLP be and are hereby re-appointed as auditors of the Company to hold office 
until the conclusion of the next general meeting of the Company before which statutory accounts are laid 
and that the directors of the Company be and are hereby authorised to fix the auditors’ remuneration from 
time to time.

4. 

 THAT, Kim Taylor who is retiring by rotation in accordance with the Company’s articles of association and, 
being eligible, offers himself for re-election as a director of the Company, be re-elected as a director of the 
Company.

Special Business

5. 

 THAT, in accordance with section 366 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), the Company and its 
subsidiaries are hereby authorised to:-

5.1   make political donations to political organisations or independent election candidates, as defined in 

sections 363 and 364 of CA 2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total; and

5.2  incur political expenditure, as defined in section 365 of CA 2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total,  

during the period commencing on the date of this Resolution and ending on the earlier of the conclusion 
of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 31 May 2014.

6. 

 THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities, the directors be and are hereby generally and 
unconditionally authorised pursuant to section 551 of CA 2006 to exercise all powers of the Company to 
allot shares in the Company or to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into shares in 
the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of £2,939,240 (being approximately one-third of the 
issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 12 April 2013 being the last working day prior to the 
publication of the notice convening the meeting) provided that such authority, unless renewed or revoked 
by the Company in general meeting, shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general 
meeting of the Company and 31 May 2014 but the Company may, before such expiry, make an offer or 
agreement which would or might require shares to be allotted or rights to be granted after such expiry and 
the directors may allot shares or grant rights in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the authority 
conferred by this Resolution had not expired.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION // NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

79

Special Resolutions

7.   THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities and subject to the passing of Resolution 6, the 

directors be generally empowered pursuant to section 570 of CA 2006 to allot equity securities (within the 
meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) for cash pursuant to the authority conferred by Resolution 6 or by way of 
sale of treasury shares as if section 561 of CA 2006 did not apply to the allotment or sale provided that this 
power:-

7.1  

is limited to the allotment of equity securities:-

7.1.1 

 where such securities have been offered (whether by way of a rights issue, open offer or 
otherwise) to holders of ordinary shares of 25 pence each in the capital of the Company 
(“Ordinary Shares”) in proportion (as nearly as may be) to their existing holdings of Ordinary 
Shares but subject to the directors having a right to make such exclusions or other 
arrangements in connection with the offer as they deem necessary or expedient to deal 
with equity securities representing fractional entitlements and/or to deal with legal and/
or practical problems under the laws of any territory, or the requirements of any regulatory 
body or stock exchange in any territory; and

7.1.2 

 otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 7.1.1 up to an aggregate nominal value of £440,886 
(representing approximately 5 per cent. of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company 
as at 12 April 2013); 

7.2  

 shall expire at the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 
31 May 2014, but such authority shall extend to the making of an offer or agreement which would or 
might require equity securities to be allotted after such expiry date and the directors may allot equity 
securities in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the power conferred by this Resolution had 
not expired;

8. 

 THAT the Company be and is hereby generally and unconditionally authorised for the purposes of section 
701 of CA 2006 to make market purchases (within the meaning of section 693(4) of CA 2006) of Ordinary 
Shares provided that:-

8.1  

 the maximum number of Ordinary Shares which may be purchased is 3,527,088 (representing ten 
per cent of the Company’s issued ordinary share capital as at  12 April 2013);

8.2  

 the minimum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is 25 pence;

8.3  

8.4   

8.5  

 the maximum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is an amount 
equal to 105 per cent of the average of the middle market quotations of an Ordinary Share taken 
from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List for the five business days immediately preceding 
the day on which the share is contracted to be purchased; 

 this authority shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the 
Company after the passing of this Resolution and 31 May 2014 (unless previously renewed, varied or 
revoked by the Company in general meeting); and

 the Company may, before such expiry, enter into one or more contracts to purchase Ordinary Shares 
under which such purchases may be completed or executed wholly or partly after the expiry of 
this authority and may make a purchase of Ordinary Shares in pursuance of any such contract or 
contracts. 

By Order of the Board

Kim Taylor 

Company Secretary 

Date: 12 April 2013

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80 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Notes to Members

1. 

2. 

 A member entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is also entitled to appoint one or more proxies to 
attend, speak and vote instead of him/her.  A member may appoint more than one proxy in relation to the 
meeting, provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares 
held by that member.  The proxy need not be a member of the Company.  Please refer to the notes to the 
form of proxy for further information on appointing a proxy, including how to appoint multiple proxies (as the 
case may be).

 In the absence of instructions, the person appointed proxy may vote or abstain from voting as he/she thinks 
fit on the specified Resolutions and, unless otherwise instructed, may also vote or abstain from voting on 
any other matter (including amendments to Resolutions) which may properly come before the meeting.

3. 

Shareholders may appoint a proxy or proxies:-

3.1  

 by completing and returning a form of proxy by post or by hand to the offices of the Company’s 
registrars, Capita Registrars Limited, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU; or

3.2  

in the case of CREST members, through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service.

4. 

5. 

6. 

 To be effective, the appointment of a proxy, or the amendment to the instructions given for a previously 
appointed proxy, must be received by the Company’s registrars, Capita Registrars Limited, PXS, 
34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU by one of the methods in note 3 above not less than 
48 hours before the time for holding the meeting. In addition, any power of attorney or other authority under 
which the proxy is appointed (or a notarially certified copy of such power or authority) must be deposited at 
the offices of the Company’s registrars, Capita Registrars Limited, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, 
Kent BR3 4TU not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting.  Any such power of attorney 
or other authority cannot be submitted electronically.

 CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment 
service may do so by using the procedures described in the CREST Manual.  CREST personal members 
or other CREST sponsored members, and those CREST members who have appointed a voting service 
provider, should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service provider who will be able to take the 
appropriate action on their behalf.

 In order for a proxy appointment or instruction made using the CREST service to be valid, the appropriate 
CREST message (a “CREST Proxy Instruction”) must be properly authenticated in accordance with Euroclear 
UK & Ireland Limited’s (“Euroclear UK & Ireland”) specifications and must contain the information 
required for such instructions, as described in the CREST Manual.  The message, regardless of whether it 
constitutes the appointment of a proxy or is an amendment to the instruction given to a previously appointed 
proxy must, in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by the issuer’s agent (ID RA 10) by the 
specified latest time(s) for receipt of proxy appointments.  For this purpose, the time of receipt will be taken 
to be the time (as determined by the timestamp applied to the message by the CREST Application Host) 
from which the issuer’s agent is able to retrieve the message by enquiry to CREST in the manner prescribed 
by CREST.  After this time any change of instructions to proxies appointed through CREST should be 
communicated to the appointee through other means.

   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION // NOTES TO MEMBERS

81

7. 

8. 

9. 

10.  

11.  

12.  

13.  

 CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors, or voting service providers should note that 
Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular 
message.  Normal system timings and limitations will, therefore, apply in relation to the input of CREST 
Proxy Instructions.  It is the responsibility of the CREST member concerned to take (or, if the CREST 
member is a CREST personal member, or sponsored member, or has appointed a voting service provider, 
to procure that his CREST sponsor or voting service provider takes) such action as shall be necessary 
to ensure that a message is transmitted by means of the CREST system by any particular time. In this 
connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors or voting service providers are 
referred, in particular, to those sections of the CREST Manual concerning practical limitations of the CREST 
system and timings.

 The Company may treat as invalid a CREST Proxy Instruction in the circumstances set out in regulation 35(5)
(a) of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001.

 Completion and return of the Form of Proxy will not preclude a shareholder from attending and voting in 
person at the meeting.

 In the case of joint holders of a share the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by 
proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders.  For this purpose seniority is 
determined by the order in which the names of the holders stand in the register of members in respect of 
the joint holding.

 Any corporation which is a member can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise 
on its behalf all of its powers as a member provided that they do not do so in relation to the same shares.

 Copies of the directors’ service contracts and the terms and conditions of appointment of non-executive 
directors will be available for inspection at the registered office of the Company during usual business 
hours from the date of this notice until the date of the meeting and at the venue of the meeting for at least 
30 minutes prior to and at the meeting.

 The Company, pursuant to regulation 41 of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, specifies that 
only those members entered on the register of members of the Company at the close of business on 20 May 
2013 shall be entitled to attend and vote at the meeting or, if the meeting is adjourned, the close of business 
on such date being not more than two days prior to the date fixed for the adjourned meeting.  Changes to 
entries on the register of members after such time shall be disregarded in determining the right of any 
person to attend or vote at the meeting.

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82 ROTALA PLC // ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Explanatory Notes to the  
Annual General Meeting

At the Annual General Meeting the following will be proposed as explained below:

Resolution 2 
Declaration of a final dividend

Shareholder approval is required for the payment of a final dividend as recommended by the board of directors. 
Subject to shareholder approval this dividend will be paid on 28 June 2013 to those shareholders on the Company’s 
register of members as at close of business on 31 May 2013.

Resolution 5
Authority to make donations to political organisations and to incur political expenditure

Part 14 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), amongst other things, prohibits the Company and its subsidiaries 
from making donations of more than £5,000 to an EU political party or other EU political organisation or to an 
independent election candidate in the EU in any 12 month period unless they have been authorised to make 
donations by the Company’s shareholders.

CA 2006 defines ‘political organisations’, ‘political donations’ and ‘political expenditure’ widely. It includes 
organisations which carry on activities which are capable of being reasonably regarded as intended to affect public 
support for a political party or an independent election candidate in any EU Member State or to influence voters 
in relation to any referendum in any EU Member State. As a result, it is possible that the definition may include 
bodies, such as those concerned with policy review and law reform, which the Company and/or its subsidiaries may 
see benefit in supporting.

Accordingly, and as proposed to Shareholders at the Company’s annual general meeting in 2012, the Company 
wishes to ensure that neither it nor its subsidiaries inadvertently commits any breaches of CA 2006 through the 
undertaking of routine activities, which would not normally be considered to result in  making political donations 
or incurring political expenditure. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any intention of making any 
particular political donations under the terms of this Resolution.

Resolution 6
Authority to allot relevant securities

Under section 549 of CA 2006, the directors of a company may not allot shares in the Company, or grant rights to 
subscribe for, or to convert any security into, shares in the Company unless authorised to do so.  This resolution, if 
passed, will continue the directors’ flexibility to act in the best interests of shareholders, when opportunities arise, 
by issuing new shares, and renews the authority given at the last AGM.

This authority will allow the directors to allot new shares and to grant rights in respect of shares up to a nominal 
value of £2,939,240 which is equivalent to one third of the total issued ordinary share capital as at 12 April 2013.  
The directors have no current intention of exercising this authority.

This authority will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 2014, whichever is the earlier. 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION // EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

83

Resolution 7 
Authority to disapply pre-emption rights

If equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) are to be allotted for cash, section 561 of CA 2006 
requires that those equity securities are offered first to existing shareholders in proportion to the number held by 
them at the time of the offer and otherwise in compliance with the technical requirements of CA 2006.  However, 
it may be in the interests of the Company for the directors to allot shares and/or sell treasury shares other 
than to shareholders in proportion to their existing holdings or otherwise than strictly in compliance with those 
requirements.

A special resolution will be proposed to renew the authority of the directors to allot equity securities for cash 
without first being required to offer such securities to existing shareholders. This authority is limited to the 
allotment of equity securities and/or sale of treasury shares for cash up to a maximum nominal amount of 
£440,886 which is equivalent to 5 per cent of the total issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 12 April 
2013 and allotments of equity securities and/or sale of treasury shares in connection with a rights issue or other 
offer to shareholders, subject to the directors ability to make arrangements to deal with certain legal or practical 
problems arising in connection with such offer.  This power will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 
2014, whichever is the earlier. 

Resolution 8
Authority to purchase own shares

The directors believe that it is in the interests of the Company and its members to continue to have the flexibility 
granted to the directors at the last AGM to purchase its own shares and this resolution seeks continued authority 
from members to do so.  The directors intend only to exercise this authority where, after considering market 
conditions prevailing at the time, they believe that the effect of such exercise would be to increase the earnings per 
share and be in the best interests of shareholders generally.

The effect of such purchases would either be to cancel the number of shares in issue or the directors may elect to 
hold them in treasury pursuant to the Companies (Acquisition of Own Shares) (Treasury Shares) Regulations 2003 
(the “Regulations”). 

This resolution would be limited to 3,527,088 ordinary shares, representing approximately 10 per cent of the issued 
share capital as at 12 April 2013.  The directors intend to seek renewal of this power at each Annual General 
Meeting.

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Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com