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FY2013 Annual Report · Rollins
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Annual Report

For year ended 30 November 2013

Contents

Rotala at a Glance

Directors, Secretary & Advisers

Financial Highlights

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

Chairman’s Statement & Review of Operations

Strategic Report

Directors’ Report

Independent Auditor’s Report

Financial Statements

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Company Balance Sheet

Notes to the Company Financial Statements

Shareholder Information

Notice of Annual General Meeting

Notes to Members

Explanatory Notes to Notice of Annual General Meeting

04

05

08

12

18

22

27

28

29

30

32

34

66

67

76

78

80

Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com

This document was designed by Alison Webber, Graphic Designer for the Rotala Group.

02

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Rotala at a Glance

03

Rotala at  
a Glance

04

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Rotala at a Glance

05

Directors, Secretary & Advisers 

Financial Highlights 

Country of incorporation of parent company

England and Wales

Company registration number

5338907

A glance at the highlights of the financial year ended 30 November 2013.

Legal form

Directors

Registered Office

Public Limited Company

John Gunn (Non-Executive Chairman)

Simon Dunn (Chief Executive)

Robert Dunn (Executive Director)

Geoffrey Flight (Non-Executive Director)

Kim Taylor (Group Finance Director)

Beacon House, Long Acre,
Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 0121 322 2222

Fax: 0121 322 2718

Revenue
£53,303,000

2.8%

Profit before Taxation
£2,058,000

0.9%

Dividend
1.60p

14.3%

Company Secretary

Kim Taylor

2012 

    £54,813,000

2012 

      £2,076,000

2013 

    £53,303,000

2013 

      £2,058,000

2013 

2012 

      1.60p

1.40p

Nominated Adviser and Broker

Numis Securities Limited

The London Stock Exchange Building

10 Paternoster Square

Auditor

Solicitors

Registrars

Bankers

London

EC4M 7LT

Grant Thornton UK LLP

Chartered Accountants

Registered Auditor

Colmore Plaza

20 Colmore Circus

Birmingham B4 6AT

Massers Solicitors

Rossell House

Tudor Square
West Bridgford

Nottingham

NG2 6BT

Capita Asset Services

34 Beckenham Road

Beckenham BR3 4TU

RBS/Natwest

1 St. Philips Place

Birmingham B3 2PP

2011 

£56,077,000

2011 

£1,878,000

2011                   1.20p

2010 

  £44,644,000

2010 

£1,650,000

2010 

    0.90p

Contracted Revenue
£20.6m
8.5%

Commercial Revenue
£29.9m
1.0%

Charter Revenue
£2.8m
4%

2013 

£20.6m

2013 

      £29.9m

2013  £2.8m

2012 

      £22.5m

2012 

      £29.6m

2012  £2.7m

2011 

£21.9m

2011 

£30.9m

2011 

£3.3m

2010 

  £18.8m

2010 

£21.8m

2010 

£4.0m

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
06

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

07

Review of Operations
& Statutory Reports

08

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

09

Chairman’s Statement and  
Review of Operations 

I am pleased to be able to make this report to the shareholders of 
Rotala Plc for the year ended 30 November 2013.  

Revenue
£53,303,000

2.8%

2013 

    £53,303,000

2012 

    £54,813,000

2011 

£56,077,000

2010 

  £44,644,000

Revenue by Stream
39% Contracted
56% Commercial
5% Charter

Review of trading

Rotala continues to hold a leading market position in Preston and be the number two 

bus operator in Bristol and Bath. In the West Midlands (the second largest bus market in 

the country after London), where we are also the number two bus operator, the addition 

of depots in Kidderminster and Redditch, acquired from First Group Plc (“First”) in the 

year, undoubtedly strengthened our position in the region. We are furthermore one of 

the leading providers of private bus networks in the country, especially to the aviation 

industry around Heathrow. 

 Contracted Services 
 Revenues in Contracted Services overall fell by 8.5% to £20.6 million (2012: 

£22.5million). The cause of almost all of this reduction in revenue was the loss 

in April 2013 of the two route diagrams we operated up to that time for National 

Express Limited (“NEL”). In our view NEL breached their contract with us by their 

actions. Therefore we have commenced legal proceedings against NEL to recover 

our losses. This case is expected to come to trial in the last quarter of 2014. In 

these accounts we have written off as an exceptional item £364,000 of our losses, 

which form part of our claim against NEL. Looking beyond this exceptional event, 

we experienced continuing strong growth in our private bus networks business. 

Revenues from these contracts have increased by some 50% over the last two years 

and we remain positive about this part of our activities. As might be expected from 

the drive of government policy, local authority transport budgets have continued 

to be under pressure. Revenues from the local authorities we deal with in the 

South West and West Midlands have therefore declined when compared to those 

of 2012, though we have not yet seen any similar pattern in Preston. The overall 

effect of these market changes over the last few years has been to re-position our 

Contracted Services business away from such a considerable exposure to the ebbs 

and flows of local government finance to be more focused on privately contracted 

bus services with major corporate customers.         

Commercial Services 
 Revenues in Commercial Services rose by 1.2% to £29.9 million (2012: £29.6million). 
Part of the reason for this rise is the contribution of the Redditch and Kidderminster 
depots which we acquired from First on 3 March 2013. It is however impossible 
to say what exactly that contribution has been in 2013, because the acquired 

businesses were immediately folded into our existing operations in those localities 

and so ceased to have a separate existence. I would estimate however that the 

acquired revenue was between £1 million and £2 million.  Thus the acquisition of 

this business from First masked to some degree the full effect of the actions we 

took in 2012 to cut route mileage and pull out of services which we felt were unlikely 

to be economic in the longer term.  The reduction in the reimbursement rates for 

concessionary fares is also a significant contributory factor in this area of business. 

Against that we continue to experience strong growth from the continuing wider 

introduction of our own network cards. Revenues from this source have increased 

by 70% in the last two years. Revenues from Centro’s own Network Card also made 

an increased contribution to our revenues. During the year Centro introduced an 

updated multi-operator card with a lower fare premium relative to single operator 

Contracted Revenue
£20.6m
8.5%

2013 

£20.6m

2012 

      £22.5m

2011 

£21.9m

2010 

  £18.8m

Commercial Revenue
£29.9m
1.2%

tickets and better zonal coverage. We believe that this new card is slowly having 

an effect on our business and opens out, both to ourselves and other competing 

smaller operators in the West Midlands, the opportunity to achieve better 

penetration of the available market share. 

Charter Services 
 Revenues in Charter Services were much the same as they were in 2012 at £2.8 
million.  In line with group policy we have progressively reduced the exposure of the 

group to this area of business in recent years. Airline related chauffeur car services 

(which we sub-contract in their entirety) saw some increase in movements and 

revenues when compared to those of 2012 but revenues from private hire work were 

very little different from those of the previous year.

Strategy and acquisitions

At the beginning of March 2013 we acquired from First certain of their bus operations in 

Worcestershire. For a cash consideration of £1.6 million, we bought two freehold depots, 

one in Kidderminster and the other in Redditch, 36 vehicles, and various items of plant 

and equipment. These depot acquisitions added about 100 staff to our workforce. Initially 

the Office of Fair Trading opened an enquiry into the acquisition but finally announced on 

23 August 2013 that this enquiry was at an end and that there would be no reference of 

the acquisition to the Competition Commission.  

2013 

      £29.9m

2001. It can accommodate up to 60 vehicles. The Redditch depot, built about 35 years 

The Kidderminster depot comprises a site of some two acres and was purpose built in 

2012 

      £29.6m

ago, has a slightly smaller useable area and can accommodate about 50 vehicles. The 

two depots enable us to extend our existing route networks on the western side of the 

Birmingham conurbation.

2011 

£30.9m

The integration of these depots into our current depot network was quickly completed 

2010 

£21.8m

Charter Revenue
£2.8m
4%

2013  £2.8m

2012  £2.7m

2011 

£3.3m

2010 

£4.0m

and some benefits were felt in 2013. I am sure that in 2014 the positive impact of the 

acquisition will become fully visible. Since making the acquisition we have in Redditch 

deployed 20 replacement vehicles, some brand new, some from our existing fleet, in 
order to be able to take out of service the non-low floor and step entrance vehicles 

which not only did not comply with the provisions of the Disability Discrimination Act 

which begin to come into force in 2014, but also produced, in our view, unacceptably 

high emission levels for a town service. A certain amount of further investment will 

be required in replacement vehicles and depot resources to complete the work that is 

required. 

Fuel prices and fuel usage

Fuel cost remains a significant factor to the business. The policy of the board is to take 

out fuel hedges or obtain fuel fixes whenever it seems prudent to do so. At the current 

time, using that combination of fuel fixes and fuel hedges via derivative instruments, we 

have covered all of the fuel requirements of the group for the whole of 2014 and 2015 at 

a combined rate of about 110p per litre. This control over the remaining variable cost in 

the business gives considerable certainty to the board when it considers its budgets and 
forecasts over the foreseeable future.         

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

11

Chairman’s Statement and  
Review of Operations
(continued) 

Fuel prices and fuel usage  (continued) 
At the same time board policies in other areas have aided the reduction in overall levels of fuel consumption. Over the last two years I 

Financial review (continued) 
The gross loans and borrowings of the group increased by £1.7 million largely because of acquisitions described above; HP obligations 

have drawn your attention to two areas of policy in this regard. First we have taken advantage of government initiatives under the heading 

fell by £1.8 million year on year to £9.1 million (2012: £10.9 million). Finally there was a positive movement in the Preston pension fund as 

of the Green Bus Fund to acquire a total of 23 hybrid diesel-electric vehicles. These have certainly performed well in service and have all 

at 30 November 2013 as the funding outlook for the Scheme improved on an accounting basis. The gross liabilities of the group therefore 

achieved or exceeded the targeted 30% fuel saving, when compared to a similar diesel bus. Second we are steadily deploying throughout 

stood slightly higher than the previous year at £27.3 million at 30 November 2013 (2012: £26.3 million).  Net assets reached £23.6 million 

the fleet the “EcoManager” fuel saving software which I described to you in detail last year. The roll-out of this system is further helping 

at the year end (2012: £21.9million).

to reduce the fuel demands of the existing fleet, and so reduce costs. Finally, when acquiring any vehicle new to the fleet we are acutely 

conscious of its relative fuel consumption and certainly favour those marques which have demonstrable advantages in this regard. 

Whilst this is not a completely like for like statistic the board has noted that, where once our annualised consumption of diesel reached a 

maximum of about 12 million litres, this figure has now fallen to about 10 million litres.  

Fleet management  
Over the year we have replaced vehicles in the operating fleet as and when we thought appropriate so that by the end of the year the 

average age of the fleet stood at 7.64 years, slightly below the average fleet age at the end of 2012. This figure is low in industry terms. 

In the current year we foresee very little need to replace vehicles unless specific requirements are issued by new contract customers 

or existing customers request upgrades, which would of course carry with them the requisite price increases. We believe that having a 

modern and efficient bus fleet is a key aspect of customer service. Older vehicles also emit a greater level of emissions and we are keen 

to minimise this aspect of bus operation. 

The board monitors each vehicle in the fleet for relative fuel consumption, reliability and maintenance cost. Those vehicles that fall 

outside of acceptable parameters are designated for disposal. As a result of this policy about 10% of the vehicle fleet was replaced in the 

year. These replacements are a judicious mix of the new and the second hand, chosen so as to meet the criteria which we have set. The 

objective, to possess an efficient and effective fleet of the right age profile, continues to be met.      

Banking facilities and finance 

No new banking facilities were arranged in the year. The existing facilities of the group were used to finance both the acquisition of the 

freehold of the depot at Avonmouth, Bristol in January 2013 and the acquisition of the Redditch and Kidderminster depots of First in 

March 2013. At 30 November 2013 we have undrawn about £2.5 million of our available £11million facility with our principal bankers, 

RBS/NatWest. In addition we possess unused vehicle financing facilities totalling approximately £10 million. In the opinion of the board 

these facilities are ample for the current needs of the group. 

Financial review  
The Consolidated Income Statement is set out on page 27. This section of the review addresses the results before the gain on acquisition, 

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital, at £5.8 million (2012: £6.3 million), were a little down on those 

generated in the previous year. However, instead of the heavy absorption of working capital seen in 2012, there was a small release, 

and so Cash Generated from Operations was greatly improved, at £6.0 million (2012: £2.3 million).  Investment in property, plant and 

equipment rose this year to £2.6 million (2012: £1.6 million), but the bulk of this (£2.0 million) was represented by the freehold of the 

Avonmouth depot.  Sale of vehicles, after taking account of the related hire purchase settlements, produced £1.2 million for the group 

(2012: £3.1 million). The acquisition of the business from First (£1.7 million) and the Avonmouth purchase accounted for almost all of the 

draw downs in bank loans. In addition the capital element of payments on hire purchase agreements was somewhat lower in 2013 at £4.5 

million (2012: £5.0 million). After taking account of rising dividends and  bank interest payments, the group benefited from a positive cash 

inflow of £196,000 for the year, and so a closing overdraft net of cash and cash equivalents of £1,214,000 at the end of 2013, in line with 

management’s plans and expectations. 

Dividend 
The company paid an interim dividend of 0.55 pence per share in December 2012. At the forthcoming Annual General Meeting the board 

will recommend a final dividend in respect of 2013 of 1.05p per share, making 1.60p for the year as a whole. 

As the company matures I expect the dividend to be progressive. The board is conscious of the importance of dividend flows to 

shareholders and has set a target dividend cover of 2.5 times earnings, to which it will move as underlying earnings and free cash flows 

improve. 

Outlook 
The acquisition of the Redditch and Kidderminster depots from First has expanded the commercial bus revenues of the group in line with 

our stated strategy. But, as I remarked last year, the bus industry is still going through a period of considerable change. The reduction of 

government financial support for transportation by bus over the last four years is a continuing issue. The government, whether at local or 

national level, has reduced the funding for subsidised services, reimbursements for concessionary fares and the levels of rebate available 

to bus operators on fuel taxes. At the same time more onerous mandatory specifications for new buses continue to be introduced and 

are the cause of the increasing cost of new vehicles. These policies, unless halted or reversed, will lead inevitably to a steep drop in the 

provision of bus services in many of the less populated areas of the country away from the major urban conurbations.  This is in turn 

acquisition expenses and exceptional items.  I have already highlighted the 3% decrease in revenues year on year and the reasons for 

putting a great deal of pressure on all bus service providers but particularly on the operators rather smaller than ourselves, who are 

this variance. Cost of Sales also fell by 3%; the principal business reasons for this have been described above.  Gross Profits were almost 

finding continued existence a considerable struggle. 

exactly the same when compared to the previous year, but the gross profit margin improved somewhat to 17.1% from the 16.5% of 2012, 

as gross profits increased but revenues declined slightly. Administrative Expenses were a little lower than those of the previous year, 

mostly because the Avonmouth property moved from being rented to owned. The Profit from Operations at £3.56 million was therefore 

some 5% higher than that seen in 2012. Finance expense was overall much the same as in the previous year. Hire purchase debt fell by 

some 16% year on year and so did the associated interest expense. But, since the acquisitions of freeholds and of the business from First 

were financed by debt, debt levels overall rose by some 9%, and interest on bank borrowings rose commensurately. Profit before taxation 

therefore rose by 5% when compared to the previous year to £2.19 million (2012: £2.09 million). 

Basic earnings per share in 2013, after taking into account the gain on acquisition, acquisition expenses and exceptional items, at 5.42p 

benefited from a low tax charge, as in 2012. The low tax charge resulted from a number of prior year adjustments, just as in the previous 

year. Basic earnings for 2012 were 5.29p per share. The gross assets of the group stood at £50.8 million at 30 November 2013 (2012: £48.2 

million).  Holdings of Property, Plant and Equipment rose largely as a result of the business acquisition from First and the acquisition of 

the freehold of the Avonmouth depot.  Trade Debtors fell in the year as management focused on this aspect of working capital but there 

was a compensating rise in Other Receivables. The movement in the Green Bus Grant debtor and creditor affected both receivables and 

payables in equal measure. The increase in Trade Payables explains the rest of the movement in Trade and Other Payables overall. 

For all operators the discontinuities and inconsistencies in government transport policy make long term planning difficult, but the main 

effect on our business is that the great technological improvements being made in reducing costs or improving operating efficiencies (for 

example with vehicle tracking and  mobile phone apps) are not flowing  through to you as shareholders. Instead these gains are in effect 

being used in their totality to plug the financial gaps created by the changes in the government’s transport policy. Despite these, and 

other, headwinds, we have continued to improve our services, our vehicle fleet and our financial results.  Thus we remain confident that 

our strong management team will continue to increase the value of the business, albeit at a slower pace than we would have wished. Our 

dividend policy reflects this confidence and will enable shareholders to share in our financial success as we move forward.  

John Gunn 

Non-Executive Chairman

Date: 24 April 2014

 
12

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

13

Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2013

Rotala Plc is an AIM listed company operating commercial and subsidised bus 
routes for businesses, local authorities, the public and private individuals.

Rotala was formed in 2005 and has grown through the acquisition and amalgamation of local coach and bus operations and is now one of 

the largest operators in its chosen geographical locations.

Our Goals 
Rotala Plc pursues three key strategic goals:

To achieve sustainable growth in shareholder value;

To improve continually the operational capability of the group;

To deliver a consistent quality of service to customers.

Rotala aims to develop sustainable revenue streams through the expansion of its commercial bus and contracted activities and by being 

an active participator in transport business trends in the UK. Our transport management expertise has taken us throughout the country, 

These goals are measured by:

organising and delivering turn-key solutions to events and areas requiring many different types and capacities of transport. 

Areas of Operation

M6

Blackpool

Wigan

North West Trading Brands

M6

M1

M6

Midlands Trading Brands

Wolverhampton

Walsall

M42

West Bromwich

Leicester

Stourbridge

Ludlow

Solihull

M42

Coventry

Worcester

Warwick

M5

Stratford
-upon-Avon

Evesham

M40

Northampton

M1

a focus on earnings per share and the resultant share price;

the level of new investment in infrastructure, technology and training;

continually monitoring the timeliness and completeness of service delivery and levels of customer complaint.

Our Core Values 
Our commitment is to conduct business in an ethical manner; our core values convey our organisational beliefs:

Professional 

in our approach to business, with expert presence;

Innovative

in creating new solutions;

Agile

quick to respond and make decisions;

Collaborative

working together with all stakeholders;

Commercially orientated

delivering what clients require;

Results focused

focusing on the delivery of value and the job in hand;

Risk aware

assessing options for alternative strategies.

Our brands signify consistency, reliability and employee commitment.

A1(M)

M11

Our Mission

South West Trading Brands

Wooton-under-Edge

M4

Chipping Sodbury

Kingswood
Bath

Bristol

M5

Radstock

M25

M4

M25

M20

M3

London Trading Brands

Key

Operational Depot

Places of Operation
(Not all are shown at this scale)

Motorways

Country Border

M4

The commitment is to the delivery of a consistent quality of service in accordance with the service level requirements of all stakeholders. 

Continuous improvement is sought; close monitoring of service levels identifies areas for improvement. Well-planned, clearly focused 

training supports an improved quality of service. (5338907)

Rotala aims to become the first choice supplier for bus operations in its target regions. Having grown through acquisition in key areas, 

Rotala has put itself into a position from which it can take advantage of future developments in the transport industry. The possession 

of substantial operations in the North West, the West Midlands, the South West and Heathrow areas ensures that the company is well 

positioned for future contract wins and organic commercial growth.  

Rotala is committed to providing service excellence to stakeholders, by offering value for money and continuous improvement without 

compromising on the quality of service. By working closely with other businesses, councils and educational institutions, we ensure that 

flexibility and proactive management are key strengths in which Rotala invests. Our commitment to all stakeholders makes it possible to 

offer value to all sizes of organisation from the largest corporate to the smallest individual daily user.

The focus of the business is to build profitable and sustainable revenue. The business is composed largely of contracted or predictable 

commercial revenue streams which equate to more than 90% of current revenue levels.

To achieve this level of predictability the business focuses on the development of its three principal revenue streams: contract, 

commercial and charter.

 
14

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

15

Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2013 

Contract 

The key aspect of Contracted Operations is that the service is delivered under contract, to specified standards, with the price for the 

service determined by the contract alone. Contracted operations service two types of customer:

1.

 Individual organisations: 

These can have specific transport needs. Private bus networks are designed on a bespoke basis around these needs. We have 

Key performance indicators (KPIs) 
The key performance indicators of the group (before gains on acquisition, acquisition expenses and exceptional items) are  

considered to be:

Gross profit margin

2013

17.1%

£3,557,000

£2,190,000

2012

16.5%

£3,392,000

£2,086,000

contracts of this type with British Airways and National Grid. One of the key factors which drives this customer need comes from 

Profit from operations before exceptional items

the increasing prevalence of planning restrictions on new developments. These restrict car usage and available car parking 

facilities.  There has been much growth in this area of business in recent years and government policy continues to drive change.

Profit before taxation

2.

 Local authorities: 

Since bus denationalisation in 1986 the bus market has evolved and the dominant operators are now more focused on creating 

profitable route networks, in contrast to the pre-1986 approach when size and breadth of service were the sole concerns. Thus 

commercial bus groups have, over time, either curtailed or withdrawn services and Local Authorities have made decisions that 

there is a social need to subsidise the on-going provision of bus services to locations which would not support a commercial bus 

route. Contracts for these subsidised services operate on a variety of different bases but the contracted element of the revenue is 

included under this heading. Major examples of these types of services during this accounting year were operated under contract 

to Centro, Bristol City Council, Worcestershire County Council, South Gloucestershire County Council, and Bath and North East 

Somerset Council together with many smaller entities. 

Commercial

These key performance indicators are used as follows:

1.

Gross profit margin:

It is fundamental to the longer term sustainability of the group that it attains a suitable level of gross profit in all of its activities. 
In any contracted business the gross profit margin is computed as part of the pricing process. Actual margin is then monitored in 

relation to the contract and service delivery targets. Gross profit margin will vary depending on the type, location and duration of 

the contract. Where the revenue is variable and derived from passengers, routes are constantly monitored for gross profit margin. 

Passenger loadings are also analysed and, in concert with margin analysis, frequencies and routes adjusted to maximise revenue 

yields. In these instances margins will vary in acceptability depending upon the length, locality and maturity of the route and the 

extent of competition;

2.

Profit from operations before exceptional items:

On a purely commercial bus service, the company takes all the risk of operation. Where a contracted service obliges the operator to take 

Profit from operations before exceptional items is a very important determinant of the long term success of the whole business. 

an element of revenue risk (the proportion of which can vary considerably), the variable element of the revenue is also included under this 

Because this indicator is calculated before interest it represents the theoretical debt-free performance of the group and is thus a 

heading. Since its foundation Rotala has considerably expanded the number of commercial services it operates in the West Midlands and 

key measure of value. It is also a measure of how effectively and efficiently the group is using its operating assets, particularly in 

South West. Furthermore early in 2011 the group acquired Preston Bus Limited, setting up a new hub of commercial bus operations in 

relation to its peers. Therefore this metric is monitored monthly and progress is frequently reviewed;

the North West.

Charter

Besides the main business streams above, Rotala also provides a transport management service to a variety of customers. Typically this 

covers business or service disruption and bespoke large event management. 

3.

Profit before taxation:

This  indicator  is  a  key  determinant  of  return  to  shareholders.  Therefore  it  is  monitored  through  the  prism  of  the  monthly 

management accounts and reviewed by the board at its monthly meetings. The board places particular emphasis upon the target 

that this indicator should grow constantly because in this manner it can be confident that it is serving the interests of shareholders 

and providing the group thereby with the means to sustain its ambitions to increase its overall levels of business.

Trading results and Statement of financial position 
A review of the group’s activities, using its key performance indicators, and a review of its future prospects are contained in the 

Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations on pages 8 to 11.

The group’s results for the year are set out on page 27. The results of the year and the financial position as at 30 November 2013 are 

considered by the directors to be satisfactory.  

 
 
 
 
      
16

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

17

Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2013 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The Directors consider that the following factors may be considered to be material risks and uncertainties facing the group:

Risk

Potential impact

Management or mitigation

Variations in the price of fuel.

Fuel is a significant cost to the 
business. If fuel increases in price 
in circumstances where sales 
prices cannot be increased, then 
profitability will be affected.

The availability of sufficient capital 
and leasing facilities to finance the 
growth in the group's businesses.

The group may miss growth 
opportunities.

Repayment of the group’s convertible 
debt.

The group may not be able to meet 
its debt repayment obligations.

Management monitors fuel prices closely, negotiates fuel 
escalator clauses where possible and increases fares 
if input costs rise in a sustained pattern. Management 
enters into fuel price fixing arrangements as described in 
the Chairman’s Statement. Management also monitors 
fleet fuel efficiency and uses technological aids to 
optimise fuel usage.

Management maintains close contact with actual and 
potential shareholders. Relationships with the providers 
of the group’s asset financing and banking facilities are 
dealt with centrally in order to keep them fully briefed 
about the progress of the group. All bank account and 
treasury management is conducted at group level.

The debt is due for conversion or repayment on 31 
December 2014. Management forecasts encompass the 
need to repay this debt, if not converted into ordinary 
shares by that date.

New government legislation or   
industry regulation.

Significant unplanned or unforeseen 
costs may be imposed on the 
business.  

Management continually monitors regulatory and legal 
developments and participates keenly in industry forums. 
Management also ensures that it responds to requests 
for information and insight from governmental bodies. 

Availability of management 
resources of the appropriate quality.

Lack of appropriate management 
skills damages the business and its 
prospects. 

Fleet insurance and cover and 
level of vehicle insurance rates – 
particularly in the event of a major 
accident involving passenger fatality.

The group may not be able to obtain 
adequate levels of insurance cover.

The board continually assesses skill requirements, 
management and structures as the business grows. 
Appropriate recruits are brought into the business and 
any necessary management development courses are 
instituted.

The group is self-insured for high frequency claims of 
low value. (See Accounting Policy on page 38). Claims 
above a certain level are comprehensively insured in the 
normal way. Driver training emphasises a risk - averse 
culture. Accident rates are monitored centrally. Claims 
are managed by a claims handler who works closely with 
the group’s insurance adviser and insurers. Relationships 
with insurance brokers and providers are considered to 
be key and are managed centrally by the group.

Financial instruments 
Details of financial instruments, including information about exposure to financial risks and the financial risk management objectives and 

policies, are given in note 29.

Going concern  
The board has examined its strategy and considered its profit and loss and cash flow projections over the two years to 30 November 

2015. It has also evaluated the hire purchase, loan and overdraft facilities available to the group in connection with that period. After due 

enquiry, the board has judged the cash flow forecasts, asset financing and banking resources of the group to be adequate to support its 

continued operations for the foreseeable future and has adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.  

Corporate governance 
As the company’s shares are traded on AIM, the company is not required to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (‘the Code’) 

nor has it done so.  However, the company is committed to high standards of corporate governance and draws upon best practice 

available, including those aspects of the Code considered appropriate.  The directors support the recommendations of the UK Corporate 

Governance Code. The board is responsible for the management and successful development of the group by:

• setting the strategic direction;

• monitoring and guiding operational performance;

• establishing policies and internal controls to safeguard the group’s assets

The composition of the board provides a blend of skills and experience that ensures it operates as a balanced team. 

The board meets regularly to review trading performance, to ensure adequate funding is available, to set and monitor strategy, and when 

appropriate, to report to shareholders. To enable the board to discharge its duties, all directors receive appropriate and timely information.

The board is responsible for maintaining a strong system of internal control to safeguard shareholders’ investments and the group’s assets.  

The system of internal financial control is designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or 

loss. 

The directors are responsible for the group’s system of financial control and for reviewing its effectiveness.  As the group continues to 

grow, the directors will review their compliance with the Code from time to time and will adopt such of the provisions as they consider to 

be appropriate.

Relationships with shareholders 
The company values the views of its shareholders and recognises their interest in the company’s strategy and performance.  The Annual 

General Meeting is used to communicate with shareholders and they are encouraged to participate. The directors will be available to 

answer questions at the Annual General Meeting.  

By order of the Board

Kim Taylor 

Secretary

Date: 24 April 2014

 
 
 
 
18

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

19

Directors’ Report
For the year ended 30 November 2013 

The directors present their statutory report for the group for the year ended 30 
November 2013.

Directors’ interests (Continued)

At 1 December 2012

Price

At 30 November 2013

Date Exercisable

Date of Expiry

Directors 
The following Directors have held office during the year:

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Directors’ interests 
The beneficial interests of the directors and their families in the company’s shares were as follows:

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

2013

Ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2013
Options over  
ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2012

Ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2012
Options over  
ordinary shares  
of 25p each

5,526,616

909,454

686,880

1,325,055

357,500

400,000

422,471

467,471

220,000

565,000

5,526,616

909,454

686,880

1,325,055

357,500

400,000

422,471

467,471

220,000

565,000

J H Gunn is also a director of and shareholder in The 181 Fund Limited: see note 30 – Related Parties and Transactions.  

J H GUNN

R A DUNN

S L DUNN

F G FLIGHT

K M TAYLOR

80,000

120,000

200,000

400,000

400,000

22,471

422,471

80,000

80,000

200,000

85,000

22,471

467,471

80,000

140,000

220,000

80,000

160,000

240,000

85,000

565,000

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

37.5p

62.5p

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

80,000

120,000

200,000

400,000

400,000

22,471

422,471

80,000

80,000

200,000

85,000

22,471

467,471

80,000

140,000

220,000

80,000

160,000

240,000

85,000

565,000

29/03/2008

30/03/2009

06/09/2010

28/03/2015

29/03/2016

05/09/2017

05/09/2011

24/09/2015

04/09/2018

24/03/2016

30/08/2008

30/03/2009

06/09/2010

05/09/2011

24/09/2015

29/08/2015

29/03/2016

05/09/2017

04/09/2018

24/03/2016

30/03/2009

06/09/2010

29/03/2016

05/09/2017

29/03/2008

30/03/2009

06/09/2010

05/09/2011

28/03/2015

29/03/2016

05/09/2017

04/09/2018

2013
Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

2012
Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

The remuneration of the directors is set out in note 7 of these financial statements. Contracts existing during, or at the end of the year, 

in which a director was or is materially interested, other than employment contracts, are disclosed in note 30 – Related Parties and 

S L Dunn

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

£260,000

£25,000

£260,000

£25,000

The terms of the Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock are described in note 22. 

Transactions. 

The company’s share price at 30 November 2013 was 56.5p. The high and low prices in the year were 58.5p and 42.5p respectively.

Dividends 
The directors will propose to the Annual General Meeting a distribution, by way of a final dividend, of 1.05p per share for the year ended 30 

November 2013 (2012: 0.9p per share). An interim dividend of 0.55p per share (2012: 0.5p per share) was paid on 9 December 2013.    

 
20

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

21

Directors’ Report
For the year ended 30 November 2013 

Financial instruments 
Details of financial instruments, including information about exposure to financial risks and the financial risk management objectives and 

Directors’ responsibilities statement 
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and 

policies, are given in note 29.

regulations.

Future developments 
Likely future developments in the business of the group are dealt with in the Chairman’s Statement  and Review of Operations set out on 

pages 8 to 11.

Employment policies and employee involvement and communication 
The group’s employment policies are regularly reviewed to ensure they remain effective. These policies promote a working environment 

which underpins the recruitment and retention of professional and conscientious employees, and which improves productivity in an 

atmosphere free of discrimination.  The group is committed to giving full and fair consideration to all applications for employment from 

those who are disabled and to continuing the employment of those who become disabled while employed. 

It is a key policy of the group to consider the health and welfare of employees by maintaining safe places and methods of work. The group 

employs a Health and Safety Auditor, who assesses regularly all places of work under a standardised testing scheme. Reports of these 

tests are communicated to the board. 

Training is also a priority task and is a focus of considerable effort, especially in the field of dealing with passengers. All drivers are issued 

with a handbook at the commencement of their employment which sets out in detail the standards which they are expected to meet. 

Employees are briefed regularly about the performance and prospects of the group and their individual depots; they are also 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the directors have elected to 

prepare the group financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European 

Union. The directors have elected to prepare the parent company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally 

Accepted Accounting Practice (UK GAAP). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are 

satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and profit or loss of the company and group for that period. In preparing 

these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•  for the group financial statements, state whether applicable IFRSs have been followed, subject to any material departures  

disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

•  for the parent company financial statements, state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject to any 

material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will 

continue in business.

consulted about and involved in the development of the group in a number of ways, which include regular briefings, team updates and 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which are sufficient to show and explain the company’s 

announcements.

transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and the company and enable them to 

ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 

An SAYE scheme exists for the benefit of all employees. The details of the scheme are set out in note 27 to these financial statements. 

group and the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Political contributions

No political contributions were made by the group during the year ended 30 November 2013 (2012: £Nil). 

Substantial shareholdings

As at 24 April 2014 the company had been notified that the following were interested in 3% or more of the ordinary share capital of the 

company:

Name

Mr J H Gunn

Mr Nigel Wray

The 181 Fund Limited

Mr F G Flight

Link Traders (Aust) Pty Limited

Mr Graham Peacock

Mrs Susan Tobbell

Number of Ordinary Shares

5,526,616

5,339,400

1,980,221

1,325,055

1,300,000

1,075,000

1,075,000

%

15.67

15.14

5.61

3.76

3.69

3.05

3.05

The directors confirm that: 

• so far as each director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s  auditors are unaware; and

•  the directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to 

establish that the auditors are aware of that information.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company’s 

website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from 

legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditors 
Grant Thornton UK LLP were re-appointed as auditors at the last Annual General Meeting and have expressed their willingness to 

continue in office as auditor. A resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

For the year ended 30 November 2013, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 479A – 479C of the Companies 

Act 2006 and certain of its subsidiaries have not been subject to an individual annual audit.  Rotala Plc has given a statutory guarantee to 

each of these subsidiaries guaranteeing their liabilities, a copy of which will be filed at Companies House.

By order of the Board

Kim Taylor 

Secretary 

Date: 24 April 2014

 
 
 
 
 
22

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

23

Independent Auditor’s Report
To the members of Rotala Plc 

We have audited the financial statements of Rotala Plc for the year ended 30 November 2013 which comprise the consolidated income 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated 

statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of cash flows, the company balance sheet and the related notes. The financial 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 

from branches not visited by us; or

• the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

David P. White 

Senior Statutory Auditor

for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 

Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants 

Birmingham

Date: 24 April 2014

Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the 

preparation of the parent company financial statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom 

Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our 

audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an 

auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other 

than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors

As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement on page 21, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the 

financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the 

financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require 

us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s (APB’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements

A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/

apb/scope/private.cfm.

Opinion on financial statements

In our opinion:

· 

· 

· 

· 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 30 November 2013 

and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union;

the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  Kingdom  Generally  Accepted 

Accounting Practice; and

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

  Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements 

are prepared is consistent with the financial statements.

 
 
 
 
24

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

25

Financial
Statements

26

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

27

Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 30 November 2013

2013
£’000

Gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
(note 11)
£’000

Results 
before gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
£’000

2012
£’000

Gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
(note 11)
£’000

Results 
before gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
£’000

Results for  
the year
£’000

53,303

(44,210)

9,093

(5,536)

3,557

44

(1,411)

2,190

(264)

1,926

-

-

-

(132)

(132)

-

-

(132)

119

(13)

54,813

(45,790)

9,023

(5,631)

3,392

15

(1,321)

2,086

(210)

1,876

-

-

-

-

-

-

(10)

(10)

-

(10)

53,303

(44,210)

9,093

(5,668)

3,425

44

(1,411)

2,058

(145)

1,913

5.42

5.17

Results for  
the year
£’000

54,813

(45,790)

9,023

(5,631)

3,392

15

(1,331)

2,076

(210)

1,866

5.29

5.18

Note

4

8

9

10

11

12

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Administrative 
expenses

Profit from operations

Finance income

Finance expense

Profit before taxation 

Tax expense

Profit for the year 
attributable to the 
equity holders of the 
parent

Earnings per share 
for profit attributable 
to the equity holders 
of the parent during 
the year:

Basic (pence)

Diluted (pence) 

13

13

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

28

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

29

Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 30 November 2013

Consolidated Statement of  
Changes in Equity
For the year ended 30 November 2013

Note

25

24

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income: 
Items that will not subsequently be reclassified to profit & loss:

Actuarial gain / (loss) on defined benefit pension scheme

Deferred tax on actuarial gain/(loss) on defined  
benefit pension scheme

Other comprehensive income for the year (net of tax)

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to the 
equity holders of the parent

2013
£’000

1,913

355

(75)

280

2,193

2012
£’000

1,866

(1,009)

242

(767)

1,099

At 1 December 2011

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners:

Dividends paid or declared

Share based payment

Release of warrant reserve to 

retained earnings

Transactions with owners

Share capital

£'000

8,818

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Share

premium

reserve

£'000

Merger

reserve

£'000

Warrant

reserve

£'000

Retained

earnings

£'000

7,828

2,567

245

-

-

-

-

-

(245)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 30 November 2012

8,818

7,828

2,567

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners:

Dividends paid or declared

Share based payment

Transactions with owners

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 30 November 2013

8,818

7,828

2,567

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Total

£'000

21,058

1,866

(767)

1,600

1,866

(767)

1,099

1,099

(283)

2

245

(283)

2

-

(245)

(36)

(281)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,663

1,913

280

21,876

1,913

280

2,193

2,193

(494)

9

(494)

9

(485)

(485)

4,371

23,584

30

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

31

Consolidated Statement of  
Financial Position
As at 30 November 2013

Note

14

15

24

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

22

23

25

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Deferred taxation

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Derivative financial instruments 

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Defined benefit pension obligation

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

TOTAL NET ASSETS

2013
£’000

30,930

9,482

424

40,836

1,826

7,863

3

317

10,009

50,845

6,304

5,462

3,318

15,084

5,712

5,793

672

12,177

27,261

23,584

2012
£’000

27,509

9,482

521

37,512

1,892

8,454

-

351

10,697

48,209

6,228

3,550

3,931

13,709

4,216

6,945

1,463

12,624

26,333

21,876

Shareholders’ funds

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Retained earnings

TOTAL EQUITY

Note

26

2013
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

4,371

2012
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

2,663

23,584

21,876

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 24 April 2014

Simon Dunn 

Chief Executive 

Kim Taylor 

Group Finance Director

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

 
 
 
 
32

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

33

Consolidated Statement  
of Cash Flows
For the year ended 30 November 2013

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Depreciation

Gain on acquisition

Acquisition expenses

Finance expense

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Contribution to defined benefit pension scheme

Equity settled share-based payment expense

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working 

capital and provisions

Increase in trade and other receivables

Decrease/(increase) in inventories

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables

Cash generated from operations

Interest paid on hire purchase agreements

Net cash flows from operating activities carried forward

2013
£’000

2,058

3,253

(387)

155

1,367

(283)

(333)

9

5,839

(95)

66

147

118

5,957

(671)

5,286

2012
£’000

2,076

3,742

-

-

1,316

(417)

(400)

2

6,319

(2,663)

(620)

(721)

(4,004)

2,315

(862)

1,453

Cash flows from operating activities brought forward

Investing activities

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Acquisition of business

Sale of public service vehicles

Net cash (used in) / from investing activities

Financing activities

Dividends paid

Proceeds of mortgage and other loans

Loan stock repaid

Repayment of bank and other borrowings

Loan stock and bank loan interest paid

Capital settlement payments on vehicles sold  

Capital element of lease payments

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

2013
£’000

5,286

(2,564)

(1,714)

1,941

(2,337)

(494)

3,927

-

(289)

(706)

(702)

(4,489)

(2,753)

196

(1,410)

(1,214)

2012
£’000

1,453

(1,562)

-

5,656

4,094

(423)

3,735

(1,337)

(1,756)

(501)

(2,535)

(5,009)

(7,826)

(2,279)

869

(1,410)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

34

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

35

Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 November 2013

1. 

General information

Rotala Plc is incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom.

2. 

Accounting policies (continued) 

(d)   Self insurance 

  The financial statements for the year ended 30 November 2013 (including the comparatives for the year ended 30 November 2012) 

were approved by the Board of Directors on 24 April 2014. Amendments to the financial statements are not permitted after they 

have been approved. 

2. 

Accounting policies

Basis of preparation 
 The group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable International Financial Reporting Standards 

(“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union and IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.  The financial 

statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as described on page 16.

Overall considerations 
 The significant accounting policies that have been used in the preparation of these financial statements are summarised below.   

The financial statements have been prepared using the measurement bases specified by IFRS for each type of asset, liability, 

income and expense.  The measurement bases are more fully described in the accounting policies below.

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
 Certain estimates and judgements need to be made by the directors of the group which affect the results and position of the group 

as reported in the financial statements.  Estimates and judgements are required if, for example, as at the reporting date not all 

liabilities have been settled, and certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value which require a number of estimates and 

assumptions to be made.

Estimates 
 The major areas of estimation within the financial statements are as follows:

(a)   Impairment of goodwill 

The group is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill has suffered any impairment.  The recoverable 

amount is determined based on value in use calculations.  The use of this method requires the estimation of future cash 

flows and the choice of a discount rate in order to calculate the present value of the cash flows.  Actual outcomes may 

vary. More information about the impairment review is included in note 16.

(b)   Share based payment 

The group has an equity-settled share-based remuneration scheme for employees. Employee services received, and the 

corresponding increase in equity, are measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date of 

grant, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions.  The fair value of share options is estimated by using 

the Black-Scholes valuation model on the date of grant based on certain assumptions.  Those assumptions include, 

among others, the dividend growth rate, expected volatility, and the expected life of the options. Management then apply 

the fair value to the number of options expected to vest.

(c)   Pension scheme valuation 

The liabilities in respect of defined benefit pension schemes are calculated by qualified actuaries and reviewed by the 

group, but are necessarily based on subjective assumptions.  The principal uncertainties relate to the estimation of 

the life expectancies of scheme members, future investment yields and general market conditions for factors such as 

inflation and interest rates.  The specific assumptions adopted are disclosed in detail in note 25 to the consolidated 

financial statements.  Profits and losses in relation to changes in actuarial assumptions are taken directly to Other 

Comprehensive Income and therefore do not impact on the profitability of the business, but the changes do impact on net 

assets.

The estimation of insurance costs, under the group’s self insurance scheme, is based on premiums paid and cash paid 

into the scheme’s bank account. The actual outcome of claims made is determined over the five years following each 

period end; no rebate of premium is accounted for until each insurance period is closed. The directors regularly review 

claims made and, should insurance premiums paid to date be considered inadequate in the light of claims, appropriate 

provision would be made.

(e)   Fixed price diesel contracts 

The fair value of the fixed price diesel contracts is based on the future cash flows arising under the contract, compared 

to the expected cash flows that would have arisen had the contract not been in place.  No discounting is applied as none 

of the contracts are for a period greater than 12 months and therefore any impact of discount rates is not considered 
material.  More details in respect of these contracts are included in note 29.

 Judgements  
The major areas of judgement within the financial statements are as follows:

(a)   Useful lives of property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment is depreciated over its useful life. Useful lives are based on the management’s estimates 

of the periods within which the assets will generate revenue and which are periodically reviewed for continued 

appropriateness.  Changes to judgements can result in significant variations in the carrying value and amounts charged 

to the Consolidated Income Statement in specific periods.  More details about carrying values are included in note 14.

(b)  Deferred tax assets  

 In determining the deferred tax asset to be recognised, management carefully review the recoverability of these assets on 

a prudent basis and reach a judgement based on the best available information.

  Basis of consolidation 
The group financial statements consolidate the results of the company and all its subsidiary undertakings at 30 November 2013.  

The results of subsidiary undertakings acquired are included from the date on which control passed to the group.  Intercompany 

transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full.

 Business combinations 
Where the acquisition method is used, the results of the subsidiary are included from the date of acquisition.  The purchase 

consideration is allocated to assets and liabilities on the basis of fair value at the date of acquisition. Acquisition costs are expensed 

as incurred.

Goodwill 
 Goodwill represents any excess of the cost of the business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and 

contingent liabilities acquired.  

 Goodwill is tested annually for any impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.  Any impairment charge 

would be included within administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.  Goodwill impairment charges cannot 

be reversed.  As the group has taken advantage of the exemption from restating all pre-transition period acquisitions under IFRS 3 

‘Business Combinations’, goodwill includes intangibles arising on those acquisitions that are not separately identifiable prior to the 

date of the change of policy.

 Where the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds the fair value of consideration paid, the excess 

is credited in full in profit or loss on the acquisition date.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

37

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)  

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)  

Other intangible assets - brands 
 Purchased brands, which are controlled through custody or legal rights and which could be sold separately from the rest of the 

 Property, plant and equipment 
Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost, which includes both the purchase price and any directly 

business, are capitalised, where fair value can be reliably measured. Where intangible assets are regarded as having a limited 

attributable costs.  Following initial recognition property, plant and equipment is carried at depreciated cost.

useful economic life, the cost is amortised on a straight-line basis over that life in administrative expenses in the Consolidated 

Income Statement.  

Other intangible assets - contracts 
 Where an acquisition is made which contains within it rights to contracted revenue, the present value of the profits inherent in 

 The useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at least  annually and adjusted, where applicable. 

When disposed of, property plant and equipment is  derecognised. Where an asset continues to be used by the group but is expected 

to provide reduced or no future economic benefits, it is considered to be impaired. Profits and losses on  disposal are calculated by 

comparing the disposal proceeds with the carrying value of the asset, and the resultant gains or losses are included in profit or loss. 

those contracts is capitalised as an intangible asset. This asset is then amortised over the remaining life of those contracts in 

A gain or loss incurred  at the point of derecognition is also included in profit or loss at that point. 

administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.

 Impairment 
The group’s goodwill and intangible assets are subject to impairment testing.

 For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable 

cash flows (cash-generating units).  As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are tested at cash-

generating unit level.  Goodwill is allocated to those cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from synergies of the related 

 Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss in the financial period in which they are incurred. Where probable future 

economic benefits, in excess of the current standard of performance of the existing asset, are considered to be derived from 

its major renovation, the cost of that major renovation is added to the carrying value of that asset. Major renovations are then 

depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

Grants 
 Grants relating to property, plant and equipment are netted off the assets to which they relate and the net investment in the asset 

business combination and represent the lowest level within the group at which management controls the related cash flows.

is depreciated as set out above. Other grants are held in trade and other payables until credited to the income statement as the 

 Individual intangible assets or cash-generating units that include goodwill with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment 

at least annually.  All other individual assets or cash-generating units are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in 

circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

 An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s carrying amount exceeds its 

recoverable amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting market conditions less costs to sell, and value 

in use, based on an internal discounted cash flow evaluation.  Impairment losses recognised for cash-generating units, to which 

goodwill has been allocated, are credited initially to the carrying amount of goodwill.  Any remaining impairment loss is charged 

related expenditure is expensed. 

 Revenue 
Revenue represents sales to external customers excluding value added tax. Passenger revenue is recognised when payment is 

received in cash.  Subsidy revenue from local authorities is recognised on an accruals basis, based on actual passenger numbers.  

Contracted and charter services revenues are recognised when services are delivered, based on agreed contract rates.

 Inventories 
Inventories are initially recognised at cost on a first in first out basis, and subsequently at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  

pro rata to the other assets in the cash generating unit.  With the exception of goodwill, all assets are subsequently reassessed for 

Cost comprises all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

indications that an impairment loss previously recognised may no longer exist. 

 Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to 

the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount 

that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised in prior years.  A reversal of an impairment loss is 

recognised as income immediately.

 Depreciation is provided to write off the cost, less estimated residual values, of all property, plant and equipment, except freehold 

land, over their expected useful lives.  It is calculated at the following rates:

Freehold land  

Freehold buildings 

- Not depreciated 

- Fifty years straight line 

Short leasehold property 

- Over the period of the lease 

Plant and machinery 

- Between ten and four years straight line 

Public Service Vehicles (“PSVs”) 

- Between 10% and 25% per annum on a reducing balance basis 

Fixtures and fittings 

- Three years straight line

 Exceptional Costs  
Exceptional costs are items which the directors consider to be outside of the normal trading transactions of the group. They 

are highlighted separately on the Consolidated Income Statement to enable the underlying trading results of the group to be 

identifiable.

 Taxation 
The charge for current taxation is provided at rates of corporation tax that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the 

reporting date.  Current tax is based on taxable profits for the year and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years.

 Deferred tax is provided, using the balance sheet method, on all temporary differences which result in an obligation at the 

reporting date to pay more tax, or a right to pay less tax, at a future date, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted 

or substantively enacted at the reporting date.  Temporary differences arise between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and 

their carrying amounts in the financial statements.  The exceptions, where deferred tax assets are not recognised nor deferred tax 

liabilities provided, are:

•  On initial recognition of goodwill;

• 

 The initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the 

transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

• 

 Taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiary undertakings where the timing of the reversal 

of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the 

foreseeable future.

 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable 

that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilised.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)  

 Leased assets 
In accordance with IAS 17, the economic ownership of a leased asset is transferred to the lessee if the lessee bears substantially all 

the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset.  The related asset is recognised at the time of inception of the 

Financial Statements

39

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)  

Pension costs 

 Defined contribution scheme 
 Contributions to the group’s defined contribution pension scheme are charged in profit or loss in the year in which they 

lease at the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments plus incidental payments, if 

become payable.

any, to be borne by the lessee.  A corresponding amount is recognised as a finance leasing liability. 

 The interest element of leasing payments represents a constant proportion of the capital balance outstanding and is charged to 

profit or loss over the period of the lease.

 All other leases are regarded as operating leases and the payments made under them are charged to profit or loss on a straight line 

basis over the lease term.  Lease incentives are spread over the term of the lease. 

 Where the group enters into sale and leaseback transactions, the accounting treatment depends on the type of lease involved and 

the economic and commercial substance of the arrangement.  Where the group retains the majority of the risks and rewards of 

ownership of the assets they are accounted for as finance leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying amount of the 

asset is deferred and amortised over the lease term. Where the group transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership 

to the lessor they are accounted for as operating leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying value of the asset is 

recognised in the income statement as a gain on disposal.

 Convertible debt 
The proceeds (which equate to fair value) received on issue of the group’s convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity 

components and presented separately in the balance sheet. The equity component is included in the warrant reserve.

 The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate of interest that would 

be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert.  Subsequently, the debt component is accounted 

for as a financial liability measured at amortised cost.

 The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt component is credited direct 

to equity through the warrant reserve and is not subsequently re-measured.  On conversion, the debt and equity elements are 

credited to share capital and share premium as appropriate.

 Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are allocated to the liability and equity components of the instrument in 

proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

 Where there is an exchange of debt instruments with different terms, the group considers whether the discounted cash flows differ 

from those of the original liability by more than 10%. Where the difference is more than 10%, then the modification of the terms is 

accounted for as an extinguishment. Where the difference is less than 10%, then it is not accounted for as an extinguishment. 

 Self insurance 
The group’s policy is to self-insure high frequency claims such as those for traffic accidents. Under this scheme, premiums are paid 

to QBE Insurance Limited (“QBE”) in respect of each accounting period. Premiums paid are held in a fund by QBE in a trust separate 

from the assets of the company in order to meet claims as and when they are settled. The company has no control over the assets 

of this trust. Claims can be made for a period of up to five years after the accounting period to which they relate. Should a year of 

insurance be in surplus, no rebate is recognised until the claim period has expired. Should a year of insurance be calculated at any 

time to be in deficit, an appropriate provision is made immediately. Any provision made is discounted to take account of the expected 

timing of future payments.

 Diesel pricing contracts 
The group has entered into agreements to purchase agreed quantities of diesel over a period of time at a fixed price. Fixed price 

Defined benefit pension schemes 
 Scheme assets are measured at fair values.  Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit 

method and are discounted at appropriate high quality corporate bond rates that have terms to maturity approximating to the 

terms of the related liability.  Appropriate adjustments are made for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past service 

costs. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

Past service cost is recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become 

vested.  To the extent that benefits are already vested the group recognises past service cost immediately.

Financial assets 
 The group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the purpose for which the asset 

was acquired.  The group has not classified any of its financial assets as held to maturity or available for sale.

 Loans and receivables: these assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in 

an active market.  They arise principally through the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also 

incorporate other types of contractual monetary asset.  They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are 

directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate 
method, less provision for impairment. 

 Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on the part of the 

counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the group will be unable to collect all of the amounts due under the 

terms of the receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present value 

of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable.  For trade receivables, which are reported net, such 

provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account with the loss being recognised within administrative expenses in profit or 

loss.  On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the 

associated provision.

 Financial assets are de-recognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when the financial asset 

and all substantial risks and rewards are transferred. 

 The group’s loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. 

 Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with 

original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.

 Financial assets include derivative financial instruments held at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”).  These assets are, if 

they meet the relevant conditions, designated at FVTPL upon initial recognition.  All of the group’s derivative financial instruments 

currently fall into this category.  Assets in this category are measured at fair value with gains or losses recognised in profit or loss.  

The fair values of these financial assets are determined by reference to active market transactions or using a valuation technique 

where no active market exists.

 Financial liabilities 
The group classifies its financial liabilities in a manner which depends on the purpose for which the liability was acquired: 

• 

 Bank borrowings are initially recognised at fair value net of any transaction costs directly attributable to the issue of the 

agreements with suppliers do not meet the definitions of a financial instrument under IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition 

instrument.  Such interest bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest 

and Measurement’ as the contracts represent executory contracts to buy a non-financial asset for the use of the group.  Therefore 

rate method, which ensures that any interest expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of 

no financial asset or liability is recognised in respect of these contracts.

 The group has entered into a diesel commodity forward contract with a bank.  The agreement does not meet the definitions of 

the liability carried in the balance sheet.  Interest expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premiums 

payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding;

hedging transactions under IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, but is accounted for as a derivative and 

• 

 Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at 

is recorded at fair value through profit and loss.

amortised cost, using the effective interest method.

 A financial liability is de-recognised when it is extinguished, cancelled or it expires. The group has not classified any of its financial 

liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)  

Financial Statements

41

Equity 
 Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares that have been issued.  Premiums received on the initial issuing of 

 All of the activities of the group are conducted in the United Kingdom within the operating segment of provision of bus services. 

share capital are credited to the share premium reserve.  Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted 

Management monitors revenue across the following streams: contracted, commercial and charter: 

4. 

Segmental analysis and revenue 

from share premium, net of any related income tax benefits. Retained earnings include all current and prior period results.

 The merger reserve represents the difference between the issue price and the nominal value of shares issued as consideration for 

the acquisition of a subsidiary undertaking.  

 Share based payments 
Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged in profit or loss over 

the vesting period.  Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected 

to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the 

number of options that eventually vest.  Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted.  As long as 

all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are satisfied.  The 

cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.

 Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured 
immediately before and after the modification, is also charged in profit or loss over the remaining vesting period. A decrease in fair 

value is not recognised.

 Segmental reporting 
IFRS 8 requires the identification of operating segments on the basis of internal reports that are regularly reviewed by the entity’s 

chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM has been determined to be the executive directors.

 The group has three main revenue streams: contracted, commercial and charter.  All operate within a single operating segment, 

that is the provision of bus services.  The activities of each revenue stream are as described in the Chairman’s Statement.

3. 

Standards and interpretations not yet applied by Rotala Plc

 At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing 

standards have been published, but are not yet effective, and have not been adopted early by the group. 

 Management anticipates that all of the relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the group’s accounting policies for the first 

period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. Information on new standards, amendments and interpretations 

that are expected to be relevant to the group’s financial statements is provided below. Certain other new standards and 

interpretations have been issued, the impact of which has yet to be established by the directors.  

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (no mandatory effective date) 

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (effective 1 January 2014)  

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements (effective 1 January 2014)  

IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities (effective 1 January 2014)  

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement (effective 1 January 2013)  

IAS 19 Employee Benefits (Revised June 2011) (effective 1 January 2013)  

IAS 27 (Revised), Separate Financial Statements (effective 1 January 2014)  
IAS 28 (Revised), Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (effective 1 January 2014) 

•  Disclosures - Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Amendments to IFRS 7 (effective 1 January 2013) 

•  Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Amendments to IAS 32 (effective 1 January 2014) 

•  Mandatory Effective Date and Transition Disclosures - Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 (effective 1 January 2015) 

•  Annual Improvements 2009-2011 Cycle (effective 1 January 2013) 

•  Transition Guidance - Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 (effective 1 January 2014) 

•  Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets (Amendments to IAS 36) (effective 1 January 2014)

 Based on the group’s current business model and accounting policies, management does not expect a material impact on the group 

financial statements when these standards and interpretations become effective. 

Contracted

Commercial

Charter

Total Revenue

2013
£’000

20,602

29,937

2,764

53,303

2012
£’000

22,513

29,569

2,731

54,813

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in concept a hub and spoke 

arrangement. All the services that the group performs are similar and every depot in the group delivers services in each of the three 

sub-headings set out above. Furthermore, as a matter of management practice, the business of the group is managed by contract 

(for Contracted Revenue) or by route (for Commercial Revenue) or in certain circumstances by both contract and route, depending 

on the type of business. Charter business is typically delivered by short term contracts.

 Contracted and Charter Services are usually delivered against an agreed service level agreement. Detailed costs for that individual 

contract are monitored against those modelled in the original bid calculation. Management then takes appropriate action to correct 

variances as necessary whilst maintaining the agreed level of service.

 In Commercial Business, where the revenue is variable and derived from passengers, individual routes are constantly monitored 

for loadings and revenues and trends in passenger revenues and loadings. Passenger loadings are analysed, often by fare stage, to 

establish usage and appropriate routes. In concert with margin analysis, individual frequencies and routes are adjusted to maximise 

revenue yields. 

 In certain parts of the business revenues can be derived from a complex combination of a variable passenger revenue underpinned 

by a fixed revenue base delivered by contract. These types of service are managed by individual contract and route and so require 

a combination of management techniques and analyses to ensure that loadings and revenues are maximised whilst delivery to the 

service agreement is maintained. 

 In these circumstances it is impractical to allocate local and central overhead to individual routes and contracts. Costs and 

Operating Profits by revenue stream are therefore not calculated. By the very nature of the business the operating assets are 

also interchangeable and the vehicles used in particular localities or on specific routes are frequently changed. Thus it is also 

not practicable to calculate figures for revenue stream assets. Other information such as capital expenditure, depreciation and 

impairment is also not analysed separately for this reason.

In 2013 and 2012 no customer constituted more than 10% of Revenues. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

5. 

Other gains

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (note 29)

6. 

Staff costs

Staff costs (including directors) comprise:

Wages and salaries

Employer’s national insurance contributions

Defined contribution pension costs

Share-based payment expense

The average number of employees, including directors, during the year was as follows:

Management and administrative

Direct

7. 

Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration

Salaries and other short term employee benefits

Social security costs

Contribution to defined contribution pension scheme

Share based payment expense

2013
£’000

3

2013
£’000

24,139

2,072

158

26,369

9

26,378

2013
£’000

92

981

1,073

2013
£’000

433

32

8

2

475

2012
£’000

-

2012
£’000

24,776

2,309

156

27,241

2

27,243

2012
£’000

86

1,003

1,089

2012
£’000

446

36

6

-

488

One director (2012: 1) is a member of the group’s defined contribution pension scheme.

 Emoluments of the highest paid director were £149,160 (2012: £149,160).  Pension contributions of   £8,400 (2012: £5,600) were 

made on his behalf.

Financial Statements

43

7. 

Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration (continued)

The directors’ remuneration was as follows:

2013
£’000

Share based

payment

expense

Remuneration

2012
£’000

Share based

payment

expense

Total

Remuneration

149

103

81

75

25

433

1

1

-

-

-

2

150

104

81

75

25

435

149

112

85

75

25

446

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total

149

112

85

75

25

446

Executive

S L Dunn

R A Dunn

K M Taylor

Non- Executive

J H Gunn

F G Flight

 The services of John Gunn, Geoffrey Flight and Robert Dunn are provided respectively by Wengen Limited, Central Coachways 

Limited and motorBus Limited under contracts with those companies. 

The board considers the directors of the company to be the key management personnel of the group.

8. 

Profit from operations

This is arrived at after charging/(crediting):

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Operating lease expense:

- property

- plant and machinery

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Auditor’s fees:

- parent company

- subsidiaries

2013
£’000

3,253

299

1,941

(283)

52

3

2012
£’000

3,742

474

1,602

(417)

43

3

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
44

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

45

9. 

Finance income

12.  Tax expense

Interest receivable on bank deposits

Net finance gain on pension scheme (note 25)

10.  Finance expense

Bank borrowings and overdraft interest

Interest payable on loan notes

Hire purchase contracts

Other interest

11.  Profit before taxation

Profit before taxation includes the following:

Acquisition costs (note 31)

Gain arising on acquisition (note 31)

Contract exit costs

Loss within profit from operations

Finance expense - amortisation of debt component of 
convertible debt

Loss within profit before taxation

2013
£’000

8

36

44

2013
£’000

521

185

699

6

2012
£’000

15

-

15

2012
£’000

272

229

825

5

1,411

1,331

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

Gain arising on acquisition, 
acquisition expenses and 
exceptional items

Gain arising on acquisition, 
acquisition expenses and 
exceptional items

(155)

387

(364)

(132)

-

(132)

-

-

-

-

(10)

(10)

Current tax

Current tax on profits for the year

Total current tax

Deferred tax

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Change in rate of tax

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total deferred tax (note 24)

Income tax expense

2013
£’000

-

-

448

22

(325)

145

145

The tax assessed for the year is different to the standard rate of corporation tax in the U.K. for the following reasons:

Profit before taxation

Profit at the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 23%

Expenses not taxable

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total tax expense

2013
£’000

2,058

473

(25)

(303)

145

2012
£’000

-

-

451

26

(267)

210

210

2012
£’000

2,076

498

(47)

(241)

210

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

13.  Earnings per share

Basic

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue

Basic earnings per share

2013
£’000

1,913

35,270,888

5.42p

2012
£’000

1,866

35,270.888

5.29p

 The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the earnings attributable to the ordinary shareholders 

divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Profit attributable to ordinary share holders

Interest expense of convertible loan notes

Profit for the purposes of diluted earnings per share

2013
£’000

Diluted

1,913

185

2,098

2012
£’000

Diluted

1,866

229

2,095

Weighted average number of shares in issue

35,270,888

35,270,888

Adjustments for:

- assumed conversion of convertible loan notes

- exercise of options

5,146,333

162,362

5,146,333

49,331

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of 
diluted earnings per share

40,579,583

40,466,552

Basic diluted earnings per share

5.17p

5.18p

In order to arrive at the diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares has been adjusted on the 

assumption of conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The company has in issue two sources of potential ordinary 

shares: convertible loan notes and share options. The convertible loan notes are assumed to have been converted into ordinary 

shares (where dilutive), but the associated interest expense has been added back to the profit attributable to shareholders. In 

respect of the options a calculation has been carried out to determine the number of shares, at the average annual market price 

of the company’s shares, which could have been acquired, based on the monetary value of the rights attached to those shares. 
This number has then been subtracted from the number of shares that could be issued on the assumption of full exercise of the 

outstanding options, in order to compute the necessary adjustments in the above table. 

Financial Statements

47

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Short  

Freehold land 

leasehold  

Plant and  

Public service 

Fixtures and 

and buildings

property

machinery

£’000

£’000

£’000

vehicles

£’000

fittings

£’000

Cost

At 1 December 2011

Additions

Acquisition

Disposals

5,046

43

185

-

1,087

-

(185)

-

1,727

946

-

(17)

36,717

5,779

-

(8,929)

784

32

-

-

Total

£’000

45,361

6,800

-

(8,946)

At 30 November 2012

5,274

902

2,656

33,567

816

43,215

Acquisition

Additions

Transfers

Disposals

1,939

1,996

(283)

-

-

-

(2)

-

61

463

285

342

3,474

-

-

56

-

2,342

5,989

-

(1,336)

(3,765)

(582)

(5,683)

At 30 November 2013

8,926

900

2,129

33,618

290

45,863

Depreciation

At 1 December 2011

Charge for the year

Transfers

Disposals

At 30 November 2012

Charge for the year

Transfers

Disposals

At 30 November 2013

Net book value

At 30 November 2013

At 30 November 2012

245

132

54

-

431

95

(107)

-

419

8,507

4,843

147

13

(54)

-

106

21

-

-

1,196

273

-

-

13,544

3,225

-

(3,707)

539

99

-

-

15,671

3,742

-

(3,707)

1,469

13,062

638

15,706

316

107

2,726

-

95

-

3,253

-

(1,336)

(2,108)

(582)

(4,026)

127

556

13,680

151

14,933

773

796

1,573

19,938

1,187

20,505

139

178

30,930

27,509

 The net book value of public service vehicles at 30 November 2013 held under hire purchase agreements was £13,998,000 (2012: 
£20,177,000). Depreciation of £1,649,000 (2012: £3,138,000) was charged against assets falling into this category in the year.

 
 
 
48

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

49

15.  Goodwill and other intangible assets

16.  Goodwill and impairment (continued)

Purchased brands

£’000

Contracts

£’000

Goodwill

£’000

Total

£’000

 The recoverable amount of the goodwill of the business has been determined from value in use calculations based on cash flow 

projections from formally approved budgets covering a two year period to 30 November 2015.  Other major assumptions are as 

Cost

At 1 December 2011 and 2012 and

at 30 November 2012 and 2013

Amortisation

At 1 December 2011

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2012

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2013

Net book value

At 30 November 2013

At 30 November 2012

250

250

-

250

-

250

-

-

312

197

115

312

-

312

-

-

9,482

10,044

-

-

-

-

-

9,482

9,482

447

115

562

-

562

9,482

9,482

16.  Goodwill and impairment

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in concept a hub and spoke 

arrangement. The complex matrix of management of the group’s business is set out in detail in note 4 to these financial statements. 

In summary, the group’s businesses are managed at their lowest levels by contract and by bus route, or sometimes by both 

methods. They are not managed by revenue stream. Moreover the manner in which the group has expanded, with the addition, 

integration and transformation of a number of businesses and entities, has obscured the formal breakdown of the total amount of 

goodwill. The directors consider that, in the light of these factors, the group’s business represents a single cash generating unit 

for the purposes of evaluating the carrying value of goodwill. Accordingly, the evaluation calculations have been carried out on this 

basis. 

follows:

Discount rate

Operating margin

Growth rate

Inflation

CGU
2013
%

12

8

2

3

CGU
2012
%

12

8

2

3

 Operating margins have been based on past experience and future expectations in the light of anticipated economic and market 

conditions.  Discount rates are based on the group’s weighted average cost of capital.  Growth rates, beyond the first two years, are 

based on management estimates and on the historic achievements of the group. This rate does not exceed the average long term 

growth rate for the relevant markets. Inflation has been based on management’s expectation given historic trends. After applying 

sensitivity analysis in respect of the results and future cash flows, in particular for presumed growth rates and discount rates, 
management is satisfied that it is highly improbable that there would be such change in a key assumption that it would reduce 

recoverable amount to below book value. 

17. 

Inventories

Fuel and spares

2013
£’000

1,826

2012
£’000

1,892

There is no material difference between the replacement cost of stocks and the amounts stated above.

 The amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the year was £14,622,000 (2012: £15,488,000). No inventory has been 

written down to fair value in 2013 or 2012 and therefore no associated expense was incurred.

18.  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables

Tax and social security

Prepayments and accrued income

Vehicle order deposit placed

2013
£’000

2,948

337

4,578

-

7,863

2012
£’000

3,660

371

3,740

683

8,454

 
 
 
 
 
50

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

51

18.  Trade and other receivables (continued)

20.  Cash and cash equivalents

 The carrying values of trade and other receivables are considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value.  The effect of 

discounting trade and other receivables has been assessed and is deemed to be immaterial to the results. 

 All trade and other receivables have been reviewed for indicators of impairment.  During the year no trade receivables were found to 

be impaired and no provision was created (2012: provision of £33,000 was released).

 In addition, some of the unimpaired trade receivables are past due as at the reporting date.  The ages of trade receivables past due 

but not impaired are as follows:

Not more than 3 months overdue

More than 3 months but not more than 1 year

Movements in the group trade receivables provision in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December

Released

Balance carried forward at 30 November

19.  Derivative Financial Instruments

Fuel commodity forward contract (note 29)

2013
£’000

24

121

145

2013
£’000

-

-

-

2013
£’000

3

2012
£’000

45

189

234

2012
£’000

33

(33)

-

2012
£’000

-

 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented within Operating Activities as part of changes in working capital in 

the statement of cash flows.

 Changes in fair values of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recorded within Other Gains in the income 

statement.

The fair value of the commodity forward contract is determined in accordance with the procedure described in note 29.

Cash at bank

Bank overdraft

21.  Trade and other payables - current

Trade payables

Taxation and social security

Other creditors

Accruals and deferred income

Grant payable

2013
£’000

317

(1,531)

(1,214)

2013
£’000

4,592

475

281

956

-

6,304

2012
£’000

351

(1,761)

(1,410)

2012
£’000

3,720

536

261

1,028

683

6,228

 The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value. The effect of 

discounting trade and other payables has been assessed and is deemed to be immaterial to the group’s results.

 During 2012 the group had placed an order for 8 hybrid diesel electric buses. The group received from the Government’s Green Bus 

Fund a related grant for the acquisition of these vehicles. As a condition of its receipt, the grant had to be passed immediately to 

the manufacturer and the vehicles had to be in operation by 31 March 2013. As at 30 November 2012 none of the vehicles had been 

delivered and therefore the grant was treated as a payable in those accounts as not all of the criteria were met, with the related 

deposit placed with the manufacturer treated as a receivable. There were no such amounts received in the year ended 30 November 

2013.

22.  Loans and borrowings

Current:

Overdrafts

Bank loans

Non-current

Convertible loan stock

Bank loans

2013
£’000

1,531

3,931

5,462

2,316

3,396

5,712

2012
£’000

1,761

1,789

3,550

2,316

1,900

4,216

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

53

22.  Loans and borrowings (continued)

 Analysis of maturity 

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

Convertible debt

and overdrafts

hire purchase

payables

Total

Bank loans  

Obligations under 

Trade and other 

In one year or less or  

on demand

In more than one year but not 

more than two years

In more than two years but 

not more than five years

Later than five years

185

2,331

-

-

5,632

3,132

406

-

3,776

3,420

2,614

125

4,873

14,466

-

-

-

8,883

3,020

125

2,516

9,170

9,935

4,873

26,494

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

2012
£’000

23.  Obligations under hire purchase contracts

 Future lease payments are due as follows:

Not later than one year

More than one but less than two years

More than two but less than five years

Later than 5 years

Convertible debt

and overdrafts

hire purchase

payables

Total

Bank loans  

Obligations under 

Trade and other 

Not later than one year

More than one but less than two years

In one year or less or  

on demand

In more than one year but not 

more than two years

In more than two years but not 

more than five years

185

2,330

-

3,678

384

1,711

4,525

3,373

4,100

4,664

13,052

More than two but less than five years

-

-

6,087

5,811

Later than 5 years

2,515

5,773

11,998

4,664

24,950

The present values of future lease payments are analysed as:

Convertible debt 
 A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008 in connection with the acquisition of The Diamond Bus Company 

Limited.  The convertible loan stock was originally redeemable at par on 31 December 2011 or convertible into 25p ordinary shares 

of the company at a price of 67.5p per share. However, with effect from 31 August 2011, holders of £2,315,850 of the stock agreed to 

defer the redemption date to 31 December 2014. For these holders conversion may take place on or before 31 December 2014 at a 

price of 45p per share. The loan stock continues to bear a coupon of 8%.

Bank borrowings  
 The group entered into a Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 20 November 2012. This agreement 

provides a revolving £5m facility combined with a mortgage facility of up to £3.4m. It is for an initial three year term, renewable at 

20 November 2015. There is a separate mortgage facility with the same bank, which expires on 20 December 2016, for a sum of 

£620,000. The group entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its overdraft facilities.

 The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are calculated such that the 

mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 15 years which is considered to give a reasonable approximation to the 

effective interest rate. 

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Obligations under hire purchase contracts are secured on the assets to which they relate. 

2013
£’000

Minimum lease payments

3,776

3,420

2,614

125

9,935

2012
£’000

Minimum lease payments

4,525

3,373

4,100

-

2013
£’000

Interest

458

231

132

3

824

2012
£’000

Interest

594

342

186

-

2013
£’000

Present value

3,318

3,189

2,482

122

9,111

2012
£’000

Present value

3,931

3,031

3,914

-

11,998

1,122

10,876

2013 
£’000

3,318

5,793

9,111

2012
£’000

3,931

6,945

10,876

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

55

24.  Deferred taxation

25.  Pensions (continued)

The deferred tax asset included in the Statement of Financial Position is analysed as follows:

WMITAPF defined benefit pension scheme 

Accelerated capital allowances

Arising on fair value adjustments on acquisition

Arising on defined benefit pension scheme

Losses

Asset

The movements in the deferred tax asset in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December

Recognised in business combination

Recognised in profit or loss

Recognised in other comprehensive income

Balance carried forward at 30 November 

2013
£’000

(275)

173

170

356

424

2013
£’000

521

123

(145)

(75)

424

2012
£’000

(396)

(302)

351

868

521

2012
£’000

489

-

(210)

242

521

 The calculations of the IAS 19 disclosures for the WMITAPF have been based on the most recent actuarial valuations, which have 

been updated to 30 November 2013 by an independent professionally qualified actuary to take account of the requirements of IAS 

19. 

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

Rate of increase in salaries

Rate of increase of pensions in payment

Discount rate

Inflation

Expected long-term rate of return

- Equities

- Government bonds

- Other bonds

- Cash

- Property

 30 November  
2013
%

 30 November  
2012
%

n/a

2.2

4.3

2.2

7.0

3.4

4.4

0.5

n/a

n/a

2.0

4.0

2.0

7.0

2.7

3.6

0.5

n/a

 The expected return on plan assets is based on expectations at the beginning of the period for returns over the entire life of the 

benefit obligation.  The expected returns are set in conjunction with external actuaries and take account of market factors, fund 

 At 30 November 2013 there were no (2012: £nil) temporary differences or unused tax losses for which deferred tax has not been 

managers views and targets for future returns and where appropriate historical returns.

 The life expectancy assumptions used for the scheme are periodically reviewed and as at 30 November were:

provided.

25.  Pensions

 Group companies operate defined contribution pension schemes.  The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the 

group in independently administered funds.  The pension charge amounted to £158,000 (2012: £156,000). Contributions amounting 

to £22,789 (2012: £22,841) were payable to the funds at the balance sheet date.

 Another group company operates a defined benefit pension scheme within the West Midlands Integrated Transport Authority 

Pension Fund (“WMITAPF”), governed by the Local Government Superannuation Regulations 1986. The group accounts for pensions 

in accordance with IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. Contributions amounting to £66,667 (2012: £nil) were payable to the fund at the 

balance sheet date.

Current pensioner aged 65 - male

Current pensioner aged 65 - female

Future pensioners at aged 65 (aged 45 now) - male

Future pensioners at aged 65 (aged 45 now) - female

 30 November  
2013
Years

 30 November  
2012
Years

21.8

24.6

23.9

27.0

20.9

23.7

22.3

25.2

Since the scheme has been closed for a number of years, there is no current service cost to be charged to operating profits.

Discount rate

Inflation

Life expectancy

Change in assumption

Impact on overall liability

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.25%

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.27%

Increase by 1 year

Increase of 2.1%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
56

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

57

25.  Pensions (continued)

25.  Pensions (continued) 

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial postion were determined as follows:

Actuarial (losses)/gains as a percentage of scheme assets and liabilities at 30 November 2013 were as follows:

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets as 
a percentage of scheme assets

Total actuarial gain/(loss) recognised in statement of total 
comprehensive income as a percentage of the present value of 
scheme liabilities

 2013

 2012

 2011

3.2

2.1

4.2

(5.9)

(0.7)

(3.6)

 The cumulative amount of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit schemes recognised in the statement of total 

comprehensive income since 25 January 2011 (the date at which the pension scheme entered the group) is a loss of £1,302,000.

 The amount of contribution to be paid by the group to the scheme during the next financial year is £350,000. The actual return on 

plan assets was £1,327,000 (2012: £1,372,000).

The movement in deficit during the year under IAS 19 was:

Deficit in scheme at 30 November

Movement in period

- Contributions

- Actuarial gain/(loss)

- Expected return on assets

- Interest cost

Deficit in scheme at the end of the year

2013
£’000

(1,463)

400

355

693

(657)

(672)

2012
£’000

(854)

400

(1,009)

734

(734)

(1,463)

Equities

Bonds

Total market value of assets

Present value of scheme liabilities

Pension liability before tax

Related deferred tax asset

Net pension liability

2013
£’000

7,248

8,858

16,106

(16,778)

(672)

141

(531)

 The equity investments and bonds which are held in plan assets are quoted and are valued at the current bid price.

The total charge to profit and loss for pensions is as follows:

Finance cost

- expected return on assets

- interest cost on pension liabilities

Net finance gain

Total defined benefit gain

Defined contribution costs

Total profit and loss charge

Analysis of amount included within the group’s statement of total comprehensive income:

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets

Changes in assumptions underlying the present value of the 
scheme liabilities

2013
£’000

693

(657)

36

36

(158)

(122)

2013
£’000

510

(155)

2012
£’000

6,959

8,506

15,465

(16,928)

(1,463)

351

(1,112)

2012
£’000

734

(734)

-

-

(156)

(156)

2012
£’000

638

(1,647)

355

(1,009)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

59

25.  Pensions (continued) 

27.  Share options and warrants 

 The movement in assets during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

 As at 30 November 2013 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the company’s employee share 

At 30 November

Expected return on plan assets

Actuarial gains

Employer contributions

Benefits paid

At end of year

The movement in liabilities during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

At 30 November

Interest cost

Actuarial loss - changes in assumptions

Benefits paid

At end of year

26.  Share capital 

2013
£’000

15,465

693

510

400

(962)

16,106

2013
£’000

(16,928)

(657)

(155)

962

2012
£’000

14,557

734

638

400

(864)

15,465

2012
£’000

(15,411)

(734)

(1,647)

864

option schemes:

Date of grant

29 March 2005

30 August 2005

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

6 September 2007

5 September 2008

Number of  
options granted

Earliest exercise date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

240,000

93,333

520,000

208,000

880,000

695,000

29 March 2008

28 March 2015

30 August 2008

29 August 2015

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

125.0p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

62.5p

50.0p

24 September 2012

319,165

24 September 2015

24 March 2016

40.05p

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share option scheme, 

administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue of share options of 24 September 2012 is 

at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, 

through payroll deductions, a monthly sum which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three 

year period the employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the company (“Ordinary Shares”) at a price 
fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the board is free to price the share option at a discount 

to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under 

the Scheme will arise every six months, within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual 

Results of the company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 million 

options over Ordinary Shares of the company for this purpose.

(16,778)

(16,928)

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group executive directors and 

senior management.  The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an employee of the group until the option is exercised. 

Authorised and called up and fully paid

2013
Number

2013
£’000

2012
Number

Ordinary shares of 25p each

35,270,888

8,818

35,270,888

2012
£’000

8,818

As at 1 December 2011 and 2012 and  

30 November 2012 and 2013

Number 

Nominal Value
£’000

35,270,888

8,818

 Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of capital. There are no 

restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind. 

2013

Weighted average 

exercise price (p)

2012

Weighted average 

Number

exercise price (p)

Number

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

Forfeited during the year

Issued during the year

60.21

(40.05)

-

3,067,399

(111,901)

-

63.34

(58.00)

40.05

2,714,333

(78,000)

431,066

Outstanding at the end of the year

60.97

2,955,498

60.21

3,067,399

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 162.5p (2012: 37.5p and 162.5p) and their 

weighted average remaining contractual life was 3.28 years (2012: 4.23 years).

 Of the outstanding options at the reporting date 2,636,333 (2012: 2,636,333) were exercisable.  The weighted average exercise price 

was 63.50p (2012: 63.50p).

 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

61

28.  Commitments under operating leases

29.  Financial instruments - risk management (continued)

The group had total commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as set out below:

Operating lease commitments payable:

Within one year

In two to five years

In more than five years

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

Land and  

buildings

Other

Land and  

buildings

282

532

1,441

1,924

5,463

875

337

565

1,488

Other

1,833

5,113

587

2,255

8,262

2,390

7,533

29.  Financial instruments - risk management 

 The group holds or issues derivative financial instruments to finance its operations and manage its operating risks.  The Board 

agrees and reviews policies and financial instruments for risk management. Financial assets are classified as loans and receivables 

or designated at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”); all financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost. 

The principal financial assets and liabilities on which financial risks arise are as follows:

Financial assets - loans and receivables

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Financial assets - FVTPL

Fuel commodity forward derivative contract

Financial liabilities - at amortised cost

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

Carrying value

Carrying value

2,948

317

3,265

3

4,873

11,174

16,047

4,343

351

4,694

-

4,664

7,766

12,430

 Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position are grouped into three levels of a fair 
value hierarchy.  This grouping is determined based on the lowest level of significant inputs used in fair value measurement, as 

follows:

•  Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 

• 

 Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 

directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

•  Level 3 – inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

The fair values of the group’s financial assets are classified as Level 2.

 The group’s diesel forward contracts are not traded in active markets.  The fair value of the diesel forward contracts has been 

measured by the contracting bank using inputs obtained from forward pricing curves corresponding to the maturity of the contract.

 The reconciliation of the carrying amounts of financial instruments classified within Level 2 is as follows:

Balance at 1 December 2012

Gain recognised in operating profit

2013
£’000

-

3

3

 Gains or losses related to these financial instruments are recognised within profit from operations in profit or loss and all amounts 

recognised in the current period relate to financial assets held at 30 November 2013.

 Changing inputs to Level 2 valuations to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would not change significantly amounts 

recognised in profit or loss, total assets, total liabilities or total equity.

 Financial risk management 
The principal financial risks to which the group is exposed are liquidity, credit, interest rate, commodity and capital risk. Each of 

these is managed as set out below.  The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible 

without unduly affecting the group’s competitiveness and flexibility. 

 Liquidity risk 
The group has a policy of ensuring that sufficient funds are always available for its operating activities.  The Board continually 

monitors the group’s cash requirements, as disclosed on page 16.

 Interest rate risk 
The group seeks to obtain a favourable interest rate on its cash balances through the use of bank treasury deposits.  

The interest rate profile of the financial liabilities of the group, all of which are in Sterling, was as follows:

2013
£’000

2012
£’000

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

on which a floating 

on which a fixed rate 

on which a floating 

on which a fixed rate 

rate is paid

is paid

rate is paid

8,346

11,938

4,444

is paid

13,766

 The group’s derivative financial instruments relate to fuel commodity forward contracts, which help to mitigate the group’s exposure 

UK Sterling

to fluctuations in diesel prices. There are a number of contracts in place at the reporting date which, taken together with diesel 

fixed price contracts give the group certainty on a substantial proportion of its projected diesel expenditure up to November 2015.

 In the year the group paid interest at a rate of between 3.5% and 4% (2012: between 3% and 4.5%) on the liabilities subject 

to floating rates of interest set out above.  The financial liabilities set out above subject to fixed rates of interest (fixed for the 

whole year) were at rates between 4.4% and 8% (2012: between 5% and 11%) in the year. If floating rates of interest changed 

by 1%, the group’s interest expense would not change by a material sum.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

63

29.  Financial instruments - risk management (continued) 

30.  Related parties and transactions

Credit risk 
  The group is exposed to credit risk on cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other receivables. Cash balances, all held 

1. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H Gunn, and invoiced by that company 

to Rotala, as set out in note 7.  At the year end £nil (2012: £nil) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within 

in the UK, are placed with the group’s principal bankers. The client base of the group lies mainly in government and semi-

creditors. During the year J H Gunn received from Rotala a total of £77,373 (2012: £66,669) in dividends on ordinary shares. 

government bodies and substantial blue chip organisations. As a result the group rarely needs to carry out credit checks, but 

does do so if it judges this to be appropriate. Provisions for doubtful debts are established in respect of specific trade and 

other receivables where it is deemed they are impaired.

 Commodity risk 
The group is exposed to risk in the fluctuating price of diesel. It mitigates this risk through entering fixed price purchase 

contracts and fuel commodity forward derivative contracts..

 Capital risk  
The group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, other reserves and accumulated 

retained earnings. The group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the group will be able to continue as going 

concerns, while maximising the return to shareholders.  The board closely monitors current and forecast cash balances 

to allow the group to maximise returns to shareholders by way of dividends, whilst maintaining suitable amounts of liquid 

funds to allow continued investment in the group. The group sets the amount of capital in proportion to its overall financing 

structure, i.e. equity and financial liabilities.  The group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the 

light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.  For example, in the past 

two years the board has undertaken refinancing of debt to optimise the position.  In order to maintain or adjust the capital 

structure, the group may also adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new 

shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

Capital for the reporting period under review is as follows:

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Retained earnings

At end of year

2013
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

4,371

23,584

2012
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

2,663

21,876

2. 

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and invoiced by that 

company to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala, as set out in note 7.  At the year end £8,466 (2012: £10,570) of the amount 

charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year R A Dunn received from Rotala a total of £12,732 (2012: 

£10,913) in dividends on ordinary shares.

3. 

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G Flight, and invoiced by 

that company to Rotala, as set out in note 7.  At the year end £7,500 (2012: £7,891) of the amount charged was unpaid and 

included within creditors. During the year F G Flight received from Rotala a total of £18,551 (2012: £15,901) in dividends on 

ordinary shares and £nil (2012: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock. 

4. 

 During the year S L Dunn received from Rotala a total of £9,616 (2012: £8,083) in dividends on ordinary shares and £20,800 

(2012: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

5. 

 During the year K M Taylor received from Rotala a total of £5,005 (2012: £4,290) in dividends on ordinary shares and £2,000 

(2012: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.  

6. 

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The Fund held an interest in 

1,980,221 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2013 (2012: 1,730,221 ordinary shares). The Fund also held £55,000 

of the convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date (2012: £400,000). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that 

state, is unable to exercise his vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2013 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests 

held 28.2% (2012: 25.02%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received from Rotala a total of 

£26,473 (2012: £20,763) in dividends on ordinary shares and £18,200 (2012: £40,234) in interest on convertible unsecured loan 

stock. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

65

31.  Acquisition

32.  Capital commitments

As at 30 November 2013 the group had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of £602,000 (2012: £1,677,000).  

33.  Contingent liabilities

 The group in 2011 and 2012 received grants totalling of £2,347,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the acquisition of 23 

hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of the grants is that the vehicles should be retained by the group for at least 

three years. If this condition is not observed the grants become repayable. The group has no intention of not meeting this condition 

of the grants.  

34.  Audit exemption for subsidiary undertakings 

 For the year ended 30 November 2013, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 479A – 479C of the 

Companies Act 2006 and, with the exception of Preston Bus Limited, its subsidiary undertakings have not been subject to an 

individual annual audit.  Rotala Plc has given a statutory guarantee to each of these subsidiary undertakings guaranteeing their 

liabilities, a copy of which will be filed at Companies House.

The companies which have taken this exemption are as follows:

Name

Flights Hallmark Limited

Central Connect Limited

The Diamond Bus Company Limited

Flights Corporate Transfers Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

Diamond Bus Company Holding Limited

Company Number

4327651

3506681

2531054

4390228

6504654

6504657

 As set out in the Chairman’s Statement, on 3 March 2013 the group acquired certain businesses and assets in Kidderminster and 

Redditch from First Group plc. The Chairman’s Statement describes the reasons for the acquisition and should be consulted for a 

detailed description of all the relevant factors. The consideration for the acquisition was £1.559 million in cash.  The book value and 

fair value of the assets acquired are set out below.

Book value

Fair value adjustment

Fair value on acquisition

Fixed assets

Vehicles

Freehold land and buildings

Other fixed assets

Total fixed assets

Current assets

Deferred taxation

Current liabilities

Creditors due within one year

Gain on acquisition (note 11)

Acquisition costs (note 11)

Total cash consideration paid

£’000

250

1,248

61

1,559

-

-

-

£’000

92

691

-

783

123

(519)

(396)

£’000

342

1,939

61

2,342

123

(519)

(396)

(387)

155

1,714

1,714

 Because the acquired business was immediately folded in to the existing operations of the group in the same localities, it is not 

possible to distinguish revenues and profits for the acquired business in the period to 30 November 2013.

 The fair value adjustments relate to the buses and freehold properties acquired, together with the liabilities assumed with the 

business purchase. The deferred taxation asset arises from the purchased goodwill, emanating from the acquisition of the 

business, recorded in the subsidiary undertaking which acquired that business.  

 Pre-acquisition book values were determined based on applicable IFRS, immediately prior to the acquisition.  The values of assets 
recognised on acquisition are their estimated fair values. For the buses acquired this is based on the directors’ assessment of the 

age and condition of each of the vehicles and their knowledge of disposal values for equivalent vehicles.  The buildings were valued 

by professional valuers on an existing use basis.  The fair value of liabilities brings the accounting policies in line with those of the 

group for items such as claims. 

 The acquisition expenses incurred by the group amounted to £155,000 and have been expensed in the Consolidated Income 

Statement in Administrative Expenses.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
66

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

67

Company Balance Sheet
As at 30 November 2013

Fixed assets

Investments

Current assets

Debtors

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Net current (liabilities)

Total assets less current liabilities

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than  

one year

Net assets

Capital and reserves

Called up share capital

Share premium account

Profit and loss account

Shareholders’ funds

Note

3

4

5

6

8

10

10

11

2013
£’000

25,539

5,001

5,001

(5,573)

(572)

24,967

(5,712)

19,255

8,818

7,828

2,609

19,255

2012
£’000

25,539

1,870

1,870

(5,148)

(3,278)

22,261

(4,216)

18,045

8,818

7,828

1,399

18,045

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 24 April 2014

Simon Dunn       

Chief Executive       

 Kim Taylor 

 Group Finance Director

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Notes to the Company  
Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 November 2013

1. 

Accounting policies

The following principal accounting policies have been applied in the preparation of the financial statements:

 Basis of preparation 
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance with United Kingdom 

applicable accounting standards.

Investments 
 Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost less any provision for impairment. Where possible, advantage is taken of the 

merger relief rules and shares issued for acquisitions are accounted for at nominal value.

 Deferred taxation 
Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet 

date except that the recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that the company anticipates making sufficient taxable 

profits in the future to absorb the reversal of the underlying timing differences.

 Deferred tax balances are measured on an undiscounted basis at tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which timing 

differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

 Convertible debt 
The proceeds received on issue of the company’s convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity components and 

presented separately in the balance sheet.

 The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate of interest that would 

be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert.  

 The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt component is credited direct 

to equity and is not subsequently re-measured.  On conversion, the debt and equity elements are credited to share capital and share 

premium account, as appropriate.

 Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are allocated to the liability and equity components of the instrument in 

proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

 Share based payments 
Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to the profit and 

loss account over the vesting period.  Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity 
instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting 

period is based on the number of options that eventually vest.  Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the 

options granted.  As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting 

conditions are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.

 Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured 

immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the profit and loss account over the remaining vesting period.

 Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, the profit and loss account is charged with the fair value of 

goods and services received.

Related party disclosures 
 The company has taken advantage of the exemption conferred by Financial Reporting Standard 8 ‘Related Party Disclosures’ not to 

disclose transactions with members of the group headed by Rotala Plc on the grounds that 100% of the voting rights in the company 

are controlled within that group and that the company is included in the consolidated financial statements.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
68

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

69

2. 

 Profit/(loss) for the financial year

5. 

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

 The company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented 

its own profit and loss account in these financial statements. The group’s profit for the year includes a profit after taxation of 

£1,695,000 (2012: loss £149,000) which is dealt with in these parent company financial statements.

3. 

Investments

Cost and net book value

At 1 December 2012 & 30 November 2013

Bank loans and overdrafts (note 6)

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings

Grant payable

Trade creditors

Other creditors

Subsidiary  

undertakings

£’000

25,539

 The principal undertakings (all held directly except where indicated), in which the company’s interest at the year end is 20% or more, 

6. 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

are as follows:

Flights Hallmark Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

Central Connect Limited

The Diamond Bus Company Limited*

Preston Bus Limited

* Held indirectly

4. 

Debtors

Prepayments and accrued income

Vehicle order deposit place (see note 5)

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

Country of  

Proportion of voting 

incorporation or  

rights and ordinary share 

registration

capital held

Nature of business

England

England

England

England

England

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Transport

Property holding

Transport

Transport

Transport

2013
£’000

166

-

4,835

5,001

2012
£’000

79

683

1,108

1,870

All amounts shown under debtors fall due for payment within one year.

Convertible loan stock

Bank loan

Convertible debt 
 A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008 in connection with the acquisition of The Diamond Bus Company 

Limited.  The convertible loan stock was originally redeemable at par on 31 December 2011 or convertible into 25p ordinary shares 

of the company at a price of 67.5p per share. However, with effect from 31 August 2011, holders of £2,315,850 of the stock agreed to 

defer the redemption date to 31 December 2014. For these holders conversion may take place on or before 31 December 2014 at a 

price of 45p per share. The loan stock continues to bear a coupon of 8%.

Bank loan 
 This loan is secured upon three freehold properties held by subsidiary undertakings of the company, Flights Hallmark Limited, 

Preston Bus Limited and Hallbridge Way Property Limited. 

 The company entered into a Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 20 November 2012. This agreement 

provides a revolving £5m facility combined with a mortgage facility of up to £3.4m. It is for an initial three year term, renewable at 

20 November 2015. There is a separate mortgage facility with the same bank, which expires on 20 December 2016, for a sum of 

£620,000. 

The company entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its overdraft facilities.

 The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are calculated such that the 

mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 15 years.  

2013
£’000

5,076

-

-

90

407

5,573

2013
£’000

2,316

3,396

5,712

2012
£’000

2,401

1,635

683

57

372

5,148

2012
£’000

2,316

1,900

4,216

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
70

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

71

6. 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year  (continued)

9. 

Share options and warrants

Analysis of maturity

 As at 30 November 2013 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the company’s employee share 

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than two years

In more than two years but not more than five years

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than two years

In more than two years but not more than five years

Convertible debt
2013 
£’000

-

2,316

-

2,316

Convertible debt
2012 
£’000

-

2,316

-

2,316

Bank loan
2013
£’000

5,076

3,008

388

8,472

Bank loan
2012
£’000

2,401

289

1,611

4,301

Total
2013
£’000

5,076

5,324

388

10,788

Total
2012
£’000

2,401

2,605

1,611

6,617

7. 

Deferred tax

 No closing deferred tax provision is required for the company for 2013.  The potential deferred taxation assets not provided are:

Losses

2013
£’000

-

-

The deferred tax asset above was not recognised in accordance with the company’s accounting policies.

8. 

Share capital

Ordinary shares of 25p each

35,270,888

2013
Number

Allotted and called up and fully paid

2013
£’000

8,818

2012
Number

35,270,888

Issued Share Capital

Number

As at 1 December 2011 and 2012 and 30 November 2012 and 2013

35,270,888

2012
£’000

16

16

2012
£’000

8,818

Value

8,818

 Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of capital. There are no 

restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind. 

option schemes:

Date of grant

29 March 2005

30 August 2005

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

6 September 2007

5 September 2008

Number of  
options granted

Earliest  
exercise date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

240,000

93,333

520,000

208,000

29 March 2008

28 March 2015

30 August 2008

29 August 2015

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

880,000

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

695,000

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

125.0p

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

24 September 2012

319,165

24 September 2015

24 March 2016

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share option scheme, 

administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue of share options of 24 September 2012 is 

at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, 

through payroll deductions, a monthly sum which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three 

year period the employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the company (“Ordinary Shares”) at a price 

fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the board is free to price the share option at a discount 

to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under 

the Scheme will arise every six months, within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual 

Results of the company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 million 

options over Ordinary Shares of the company for this purpose.

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group executive directors and 

senior management.  The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an employee of the group until the option is exercised. 

Outstanding at beginning of the year

Forfeited during the year

Issued during the year

2013
Weighted average  

exercise price (p)

60.21

(40.05)

-

2013
Number

3,067,399

(111,901)

-

2012
Weighted average  

exercise price (p)

63.34

(58.00)

40.05

2012
Number

2,714,333

(78,000)

431,066

Outstanding at the end of the year

60.97

2,955,498

60,21

3,067,399

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 162.5p (2012: 37.5p and 162.5p) and their 

weighted average remaining contractual life was 3.28 years (2012: 4.23 years).

 Of the outstanding options at the balance sheet date 2,636,333 (2012: 2,636,333) were exercisable.  The weighted average exercise 

price was 63.50p (2012: 63.50p).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Financial Statements

73

10.  Reserves

15.  Contingent liabilities

Share premium account 
2013
£’000

Profit and loss account
2013
£’000

7,828

-

-

-

7,828

2013
£’000

1,695

9

(494)

1,210

18,045

19,255

1,399

1,695

9

(494)

2,609

2012
£’000

(149)

2

(283)

(430)

18,475

18,045

At 1 December 2012

Profit for the year

Employee share schemes

Dividends paid

At 30 November 2013

11.  Reconciliation of movements in shareholders’ funds 

Profit/(loss) for the year

Share based payment charge credited to reserves

Dividends paid

Net addition to shareholders’ funds

Opening shareholders’ funds

Closing shareholders’ funds

12.  Pensions

The company does not have a pension scheme of any nature. 

 The company has entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement with its subsidiaries. At 30 November 2013 the 

contingent liability amounted to £387,000 (2012: £717,000).

 The company has guaranteed the hire purchase obligations of its subsidiaries.  At 30 November 2013 the contingent liability 

amounted to £9,111,000 (2012: £10,876,000).

 The company in 2011 and 2012 received grants totalling of £2,347,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the acquisition 

of 23 hybrid diesel electric vehicles. The principal condition of the grants is that the vehicles should be retained by the group for at 

least three years. If this condition is not observed the grants become repayable. The company has no intention of not meeting this 

condition of the grants.  

16.  Related parties and transactions

1. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H Gunn, and invoiced by that company 

to Rotala.  At the year end £nil (2012: £nil) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year J 

H Gunn received from Rotala a total of £77,373 (2012: £66,669) in dividends on ordinary shares.

2. 

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and invoiced by that 

company to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala.  At the year end £8,466 (2012: £10,570) of the amount charged was unpaid and 

included within creditors. During the year R A Dunn received from Rotala a total of £12,732 (2012: £10,913) in dividends on 

ordinary shares.

3. 

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G Flight, and invoiced 

by that company to Rotala.  At the year end £7,500 (2012: £7,891) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within 

creditors. During the year F G Flight received from Rotala a total of £18,551 (2012: £15,901) in dividends on ordinary shares 

and £nil (2012: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock. 

4. 

 During the year S L Dunn received from Rotala a total of £9,616 (2012: £8,083) in dividends on ordinary shares and £20,800 

(2012: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

5. 

 During the year K M Taylor received from Rotala a total of £5,005 (2012: £4,290) in dividends on ordinary shares and £2,000 

(2012: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.  

6. 

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The Fund held an interest in 

1,980,221 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2013 (2012: 1,730,221 ordinary shares). The Fund also held £55,000 

of the convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date (2012: £400,000). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that 

state, is unable to exercise his vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2013 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests 

held 28.2% (2012: 25.02%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received from Rotala a total of 

£26,473 (2012: £20,763) in dividends on ordinary shares and £18,200 (2012: £40,234) in interest on convertible unsecured loan 

13.  Capital commitments

stock.

 As at 30 November 2013 the company had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of £602,000 (2012: £1,677,000).  

14.  Commitments under operating leases

The company had the following operating lease commitments:

Expiry date

- up to one year

- between two and five years

Other 
2013
£’000

22

45

Other
2012
£’000

-

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Shareholder Information

75

Shareholder  
Information

76

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Shareholder Information

77

Notice of Annual General Meeting

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  given  that  the  Annual  General  Meeting  (“AGM”)  of  Rotala  plc 

Special Resolutions

(the “Company”) will be held at 12 pm on 29 May 2014 at the offices of the Company 

at  Beacon  House,  Long  Acre,  Birmingham,  B7  5JJ  for  the  purpose  of  considering, 

8. 

THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities and subject to the passing of Resolution 7, the directors be generally 

empowered pursuant to section 570 of CA 2006 to allot equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) for cash 

pursuant to the authority conferred by Resolution 7 or by way of sale of treasury shares as if section 561 of CA 2006 did not apply to 

and if thought fit, passing the following Resolutions with or without modifications and 

the allotment or sale provided that this power:-

of which Resolutions 1 to 7 (inclusive) will be proposed as ordinary resolutions and 

8.1 

is limited to the allotment of equity securities:-

Resolutions 8 to 9 will be proposed as special resolutions.

Ordinary Resolutions

8.1.1 

where such securities have been offered (whether by way of a rights issue, open offer or otherwise) to holders of 

ordinary shares of 25 pence each in the capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) in proportion (as nearly as may 

be) to their existing holdings of Ordinary Shares but subject to the directors having a right to make such exclusions 

or other arrangements in connection with the offer as they deem necessary or expedient to deal with equity 

securities representing fractional entitlements and/or to deal with legal and/or practical problems under the laws 

1. 

THAT, the accounts of the Company for the financial period ended 30 November 2013, together with the directors’ report and the 

of any territory, or the requirements of any regulatory body or stock exchange in any territory; and

auditor’s report on those accounts, be received and considered.

2. 

THAT, upon recommendation of the directors, a dividend of 1.05p per ordinary share be declared as a final dividend in respect of the 

approximately 10 per cent. of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 24 April 2014); 

8.1.2 

otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 8.1.1 up to an aggregate nominal value of £881,772 (representing 

financial year ended 30 November 2013.

3. 

THAT, Grant Thornton UK LLP be and are hereby re-appointed as auditors of the Company to hold office until the conclusion of the 

authority shall extend to the making of an offer or agreement which would or might require equity securities to be allotted 

next general meeting of the Company before which statutory accounts are laid and that the directors of the Company be and are 

after such expiry date and the directors may allot equity securities in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the power 

hereby authorised to fix the auditors’ remuneration from time to time.

conferred by this Resolution had not expired;

8.2 

shall expire at the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 31 May 2015, but such 

4. 

THAT, John Gunn who is retiring by rotation in accordance with the Company’s articles of association and, being eligible, offers 

9. 

THAT the Company be and is hereby generally and unconditionally authorised for the purposes of section 701 of CA 2006 to make 

himself for re-election as a director of the Company, be re-elected as a director of the Company.

market purchases (within the meaning of section 693(4) of CA 2006) of Ordinary Shares provided that:-

5. 

THAT, Robert Dunn who is retiring by rotation in accordance with the Company’s articles of association and, being eligible, offers 

9.1 

the maximum number of Ordinary Shares which may be purchased is 3,527,088 (representing ten per cent of the Company’s 

himself for re-election as a director of the Company, be re-elected as a director of the Company.

issued ordinary share capital as at  24 April 2014);

Special Business

6. 

THAT, in accordance with section 366 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), the Company and its subsidiaries are hereby 

authorised to:-

6.1  make political donations to political organisations or independent election candidates, as defined in sections 363 and 364 of 

CA 2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total; and

6.2 

incur political expenditure, as defined in section 365 of CA 2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total, during the period 

commencing on the date of this Resolution and ending on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of 

the Company and 31 May 2015.

7. 

THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities, the directors be and are hereby generally and unconditionally authorised 

pursuant to section 551 of CA 2006 to exercise all powers of the Company to allot shares in the Company or to grant rights to 

subscribe for, or to convert any security into shares in the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of £2,939,240 (being 

approximately one-third of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 24 April 2014 being the last working day prior to 

the publication of the notice convening the meeting) provided that such authority, unless renewed or revoked by the Company in 

general meeting, shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 31 May 2015 

but the Company may, before such expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares to be allotted or rights 

to be granted after such expiry and the directors may allot shares or grant rights in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the 

authority conferred by this Resolution had not expired.

9.2 

the minimum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is 25 pence;

9.3 

the maximum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is an amount equal to 105 per cent of 

the average of the middle market quotations of an Ordinary Share taken from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List 

for the five business days immediately preceding the day on which the share is contracted to be purchased; 

9.4 

this authority shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company after the 

passing of this Resolution and 31 May 2015 (unless previously renewed, varied or revoked by the Company in general 

meeting); and

9.5 

the Company may, before such expiry, enter into one or more contracts to purchase Ordinary Shares under which such 

purchases may be completed or executed wholly or partly after the expiry of this authority and may make a purchase of 

Ordinary Shares in pursuance of any such contract or contracts.

By Order of the Board

Kim Taylor 

Company Secretary 

Date: 24 April 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
78

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Notes to Members

Shareholder Information

79

1. 

 A member entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is also entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend, speak and vote 

10. 

 In the case of joint holders of a share the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to 

instead of him/her.  A member may appoint more than one proxy in relation to the meeting, provided that each proxy is appointed to 

the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders.  For this purpose seniority is determined by the order in which the names of the 

exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares held by that member.  The proxy need not be a member of the Company.  

holders stand in the register of members in respect of the joint holding.

Please refer to the notes to the form of proxy for further information on appointing a proxy, including how to appoint multiple 

proxies (as the case may be).

2. 

 In the absence of instructions, the person appointed proxy may vote or abstain from voting as he/she thinks fit on the specified 

Resolutions and, unless otherwise instructed, may also vote or abstain from voting on any other matter (including amendments to 

Resolutions) which may properly come before the meeting.

3. 

 Shareholders may appoint a proxy or proxies:-

11. 

 Any corporation which is a member can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf all of its 

powers as a member provided that they do not do so in relation to the same shares.

12. 

 Copies of the directors’ service contracts and the terms and conditions of appointment of non-executive directors will be available 

for inspection at the registered office of the Company during usual business hours from the date of this notice until the date of the 

meeting and at the venue of the meeting for at least 30 minutes prior to and at the meeting.

13. 

 The Company, pursuant to regulation 41 of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, specifies that only those members 

3.1   by completing and returning a form of proxy by post or by hand to the offices of the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, 

entered on the register of members of the Company at the close of business on 27 May 2014 shall be entitled to attend and vote at 

PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU; or

3.2  in the case of CREST members, through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service.

the meeting or, if the meeting is adjourned, the close of business on such date being not more than two days prior to the date fixed 

for the adjourned meeting.  Changes to entries on the register of members after such time shall be disregarded in determining the 

right of any person to attend or vote at the meeting.

4. 

 To be effective, the appointment of a proxy, or the amendment to the instructions given for a previously appointed proxy, must be 

received by the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU by one of the 

methods in note 3 above not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting. In addition, any power of attorney or other 

authority under which the proxy is appointed (or a notarially certified copy of such power or authority) must be deposited at the 

offices of the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU not less than 

48 hours before the time for holding the meeting.  Any such power of attorney or other authority cannot be submitted electronically.

5. 

 CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service may do so by 

using the procedures described in the CREST Manual.  CREST personal members or other CREST sponsored members, and those 

CREST members who have appointed a voting service provider, should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service provider who 

will be able to take the appropriate action on their behalf.

6. 

 In order for a proxy appointment or instruction made using the CREST service to be valid, the appropriate CREST message (a 

“CREST Proxy Instruction”) must be properly authenticated in accordance with Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited’s (“Euroclear UK 

& Ireland”) specifications and must contain the information required for such instructions, as described in the CREST Manual.  

The message, regardless of whether it constitutes the appointment of a proxy or is an amendment to the instruction given to a 

previously appointed proxy must, in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by the issuer’s agent (ID RA 10) by the 

specified latest time(s) for receipt of proxy appointments.  For this purpose, the time of receipt will be taken to be the time (as 

determined by the timestamp applied to the message by the CREST Application Host) from which the issuer’s agent is able to 

retrieve the message by enquiry to CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST.  After this time any change of instructions to proxies 

appointed through CREST should be communicated to the appointee through other means.

7. 

 CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors, or voting service providers should note that Euroclear UK & Ireland 

Limited does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular message.  Normal system timings and limitations 

will, therefore, apply in relation to the input of CREST Proxy Instructions.  It is the responsibility of the CREST member concerned 

to take (or, if the CREST member is a CREST personal member, or sponsored member, or has appointed a voting service provider, 

to procure that his CREST sponsor or voting service provider takes) such action as shall be necessary to ensure that a message is 

transmitted by means of the CREST system by any particular time. In this connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their 

CREST sponsors or voting service providers are referred, in particular, to those sections of the CREST Manual concerning practical 

limitations of the CREST system and timings.

8. 

 The Company may treat as invalid a CREST Proxy Instruction in the circumstances set out in regulation 35(5)(a) of the Uncertificated 

Securities Regulations 2001.

9. 

Completion and return of the Form of Proxy will not preclude a shareholder from attending and voting in person at the meeting.

 
 
80

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2013

Shareholder Information

81

Resolution 9 – Authority to purchase own shares 
The directors believe that it is in the interests of the Company and its members to continue to have the flexibility granted to the directors 

at the last AGM to purchase its own shares and this resolution seeks continued authority from members to do so.  The directors intend 

only to exercise this authority where, after considering market conditions prevailing at the time, they believe that the effect of such 

exercise would be to increase the earnings per share and be in the best interests of shareholders generally.

The outcome of such purchases would either be to cancel that number of shares or the directors may elect to hold them in treasury 

pursuant to the Companies (Acquisition of Own Shares) (Treasury Shares) Regulations 2003 (the “Regulations”). 

This resolution would be limited to 3,527,088 ordinary shares, representing approximately 10 per cent of the issued share capital as at 24 

April 2014.  The directors intend to seek renewal of this power at each Annual General Meeting.

Explanatory Notes to Notice of  
Annual General Meeting

At the Annual General Meeting the following will be proposed as explained below:

Resolution 2 – Declaration of a final dividend 
Shareholder approval is required for the payment of a final dividend as recommended by the board of directors. Subject to shareholder 

approval this dividend will be paid on 27 June 2014 to those shareholders on the Company’s register of members as at close of business 

on 6 June 2014.

Resolution 6 – Authority to make donations to political organisations and to incur political expenditure 
Part 14 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), amongst other things, prohibits the Company and its subsidiaries from making donations 

of more than £5,000 to an EU political party or other EU political organisation or to an independent election candidate in the EU in any 12 

month period unless they have been authorised to make donations by the Company’s shareholders.

CA 2006 defines ‘political organisations’, ‘political donations’ and ‘political expenditure’ widely. It includes organisations which carry on 

activities  which  are  capable  of  being  reasonably  regarded  as  intended  to  affect  public  support  for  a  political  party  or  an  independent 

election candidate in any EU Member State or to influence voters in relation to any referendum in any EU Member State. As a result, it is 
possible that the definition may include bodies, such as those concerned with policy review and law reform, which the Company and/or its 

subsidiaries may see benefit in supporting.

Accordingly,  and  as  proposed  to  Shareholders  at  the  Company’s  annual  general  meeting  in  2013,  the  Company  wishes  to  ensure  that 

neither it nor its subsidiaries inadvertently commits any breaches of CA 2006 through the undertaking of routine activities, which would 

not normally be considered to result in  making political donations or incurring political expenditure. Neither the Company nor any of its 

subsidiaries has any intention of making any particular political donations under the terms of this Resolution.

Resolution 7 – Authority to allot relevant securities 
Under section 549 of CA 2006, the directors of a company may not allot shares in the Company, or grant rights to subscribe for, or to 

convert any security into, shares in the Company unless authorised to do so.  This resolution, if passed, will continue the directors’ 

flexibility to act in the best interests of shareholders, when opportunities arise, by issuing new shares, and renews the authority given at 

the last AGM.

This authority will allow the directors to allot new shares and to grant rights in respect of shares up to a nominal value of £2,939,240 which 

is equivalent to one third of the total issued ordinary share capital as at 24 April 2014.  The directors have no current intention of exercising 

this authority.

This authority will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 2015, whichever is the earlier. 

Resolution 8 – Authority to disapply pre-emption rights 
If equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) are to be allotted for cash, section 561 of CA 2006 requires that those 
equity securities are offered first to existing shareholders in proportion to the number held by them at the time of the offer and otherwise 

in compliance with the technical requirements of CA 2006.  However, it may be in the interests of the Company for the directors to 

allot shares and/or sell treasury shares other than to shareholders in proportion to their existing holdings or otherwise than strictly in 

compliance with those requirements.

A special resolution will be proposed to renew the authority of the directors to allot equity securities for cash without first being required to 

offer such securities to existing shareholders. This authority is limited to the allotment of equity securities and/or sale of treasury shares 

for cash up to a maximum nominal amount of £881,772 which is equivalent to 10 per cent of the total issued ordinary share capital of the 

Company as at 24 April 2014 and allotments of equity securities and/or sale of treasury shares in connection with a rights issue or other 

offer  to  shareholders,  subject  to  the  directors  ability  to  make  arrangements  to  deal  with  certain  legal  or  practical  problems  arising  in 

connection with such offer.  This power will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 2015, whichever is the earlier. 

 
Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com