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FY2014 Annual Report · Rollins
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Annual Report

For year ended 30 November 2014

Contents

Rotala at a Glance

Directors, Secretary & Advisers

Financial Highlights

Review of Operations & Statutory Reports

Chairman’s Statement & Review of Operations

Strategic Report

Directors’ Report

Independent Auditor’s Report

Financial Statements

Consolidated Income Statement

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Company Balance Sheet

Notes to the Company Financial Statements

Shareholder Information

Notice of Annual General Meeting

Notes to Members

Explanatory Notes to Notice of Annual General Meeting

04

05

08

14

20

24

29

30

31

32

34

36

70

71

84

86

88

Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com

Produced by Sue Willdigg, Corporate Design Manager for the Rotala Group

Rotala at a Glance

Rotala
at a Glance

02

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Rotala at a Glance

03

Directors, Secretary & Advisers 

Financial Highlights 

Rotala at a Glance

Country of incorporation of parent company

England and Wales

Company registration number

5338907

A glance at the highlights of the financial year  
ended 30 November 2014.

Legal form

Directors

Registered Office

Public Limited Company

John Gunn (Non-Executive Chairman)

Simon Dunn (Chief Executive)

Robert Dunn (Executive Director)

Geoffrey Flight (Non-Executive Director)

Kim Taylor (Group Finance Director)

Beacon House, Long Acre,
Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 0121 322 2222

Fax: 0121 322 2718

Revenue

Profit before Taxation

Dividend

£51,674,000

3.1%

£2,263,000

8.0%

(before exceptional items)

1.85p

15.6%

2014 

£51,674,000

2014 

£2,263,000

2014 

2013 

1.85p

1.60p

Company Secretary

Kim Taylor

2013 

£53,303,000

2013 

£2,094,000

Nominated Adviser and Broker

Auditor

Numis Securities Limited

The London Stock Exchange Building

10 Paternoster Square

London

EC4M 7LT

Grant Thornton UK LLP

Chartered Accountants

Registered Auditor

Colmore Plaza

20 Colmore Circus

Birmingham B4 6AT

Solicitors

Squire Patton Boggs (UK) LLP

Registrars

Bankers

Rutland House

148 Edmund Street
Birmingham

B3 2JR

Capita Asset Services

34 Beckenham Road

Beckenham BR3 4TU

RBS/Natwest

1 St. Philips Place

Birmingham B3 2PP

2012 

£54,813,000

2012 

£2,086,000

2012 

1.40p

2011 

£56,077,000

2011 

£1,878,000

2011 

1.20p

Contracted Revenue

Commercial Revenue

Charter Revenue

£17.9m
13.0%

2014 

£17.9m

2013 

2012 

2011 

£20.6m

£22.5m

£21.9m

£30.6m
2.0%

£3.2m

14.0%

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

£30.6m

£29.9m

£29.6m

2014 

2013 

£3.2m

£2.8m

2012 

£2.7m

£30.9m

2011 

£3.3m

04

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Rotala at a Glance

05

 
 
 
 
Statutory Reports

Review of Operations
& Statutory Reports

06

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

07

Chairman’s Statement and  
Review of Operations 

I am pleased to be able to make this report to the shareholders of 
Rotala Plc for the year ended 30 November 2014.  

Profit before Taxation

£2,263,000

8.0%

(before exceptional items)

Review of trading

It is encouraging to see that pre-tax profits for the year, on a slightly reduced level of 

turnover and before exceptional items, rose by 8% compared with those of 2013. These 

results reflect our determination to pursue profitable turnover rather than turnover 

regardless of margin. In this outcome we met our expectations for the year and fulfilled 

our objective of continuing to focus on increased operating efficiency and enhanced 
customer service. Exceptional items were largely comprised of the mark to market 

provisions for the derivative–based fuel hedges which the company has taken out to cover 

2014 

£2,263,000

its future fuel requirements. Movements in mark to market provisions must be taken to 

2013 

£2,094,000

2012 

£2,086,000

2011 

£1,878,000

Revenue by Stream

35% Contracted
59% Commercial
6% Charter

profit or loss every year, but the fuel hedges are in reality in place to benefit the business 

in the future. The accounting therefore does not follow the economic reality and distorts 

the results. More information about the fuel hedging position is given below in the 

relevant paragraph covering that point. 

 Contracted Services 
 The proportion of the group’s revenues derived from Contracted Services has 

been falling for several years now, as the focus of our activities has shifted more 

and more towards Commercial Services. In 2014 this proportion was 35% (2013: 

39%). The reason for this reduction was twofold: first in 2013 there was still some 

revenue from the two National Express Limited (“NEL”) route diagrams which we 

ceased to operate in March of that year. The legal dispute with NEL that resulted 

from the halting of these contracts was satisfactorily resolved in June 2014. 

Second, in the last quarter of 2014 the contracted services operated on behalf of 

the University of the West of England (“UWE”) were, by mutual consent, converted 

into commercial bus services. Aside from these two factors revenues in Contracted 

Services were reasonably stable. In Preston we gained some local school and 

college contracts and in the South West and the West Midlands the gains and losses 

on local authority contracts more or less balanced each other out. Thus revenues 

in Contracted Services fell overall by 13% to £17.9 million (2013: £20.6 million). 

There are some signs that the substantial contraction in local authority transport 

budgets has levelled out. However it must be expected that any new round of budget 

reductions directed by Central Government after the upcoming General Election 

will have a further impact on available revenues in this area. Accordingly we will 

continue the policy we have adopted in recent years of focusing our energies in 

Contracted Services on gaining more private bus networks business with corporate 

customers. 

Statutory Reports

Contracted Revenue

£17.9m
13.0%

2014 

£17.9m

2013 

2012 

2011 

£20.6m

£22.5m

£21.9m

Commercial Revenue

£30.6m
2.0%

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

£30.6m

£29.9m

£29.6m

£30.9m

Charter Revenue

£3.2m

14.0%

2014 

2013 

£3.2m

£2.8m

2012 

£2.7m

2011 

£3.3m

Commercial Services 
 As revenues in Contracted Services have fallen, so the proportion of revenues 
from Commercial Services has risen, in 2014 to 59% of group turnover (2013: 

56%). Part of the reason for this rise was a full year contribution from the Redditch 

and Kidderminster depots which we acquired in 2013. But here and in Preston 

revenues showed some underlying growth. In addition the change in status of 

services for UWE, as described above, had an impact. The UWE change will drive 

growth in Commercial Services further in 2015. To take advantage of this we have 

upgraded management in the South West by creating a Managing Director post with 

specific responsibility only for this region. In the West Midlands the commercial 

bus services of the group have largely been repositioned over the last couple of 

years to focus on the western side of the Birmingham conurbation and on Redditch 

and Kidderminster in the northern part of Worcestershire. In these areas we hold 

more significant market shares upon which we are focusing our investment and 

management attention. Furthermore in January 2015 Centro (the West Midlands 

Integrated Transport Authority) announced that their Oyster-style bus cards will 

be rolled out to all operators by the spring. Income from the Centro Network card 

was stable in 2014 but this opening out of the coverage offered by the Swift card 

should provide an opportunity for some modest growth in revenue in 2015 and 

beyond as, in concert with the multi-operator card introduced last year, travellers 

will now be offered increased flexibility and choice. Income from our own network 

cards continued to grow strongly in all our operational areas whilst income from 

concessionary fares remained steady year on year. Thus overall revenues in 

Commercial Services in 2014 rose by 2% to £30.6 million (2013: £29.9 million).

Charter Services 

 Revenues in Charter Services grew by 14% in 2014 to £3.2 million (2013: £2.8 

million). Revenues in chauffeur car hire movements, which we carry out for our 
airline customers and which we sub-contract in their entirety, were little changed. 

In contrast revenues from private hire coaching work continued their strong 

recovery. Hire rates in this area of business have responded well to increased 

demand and we have been able to take advantage of the increased availability of 

work through the efficient deployment of our existing coach fleet. 

08

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

09

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statutory Reports

Chairman’s Statement and  
Review of Operations
(continued) 

Strategy and acquisitions

Rotala continues to hold a leading market position in Preston and be the number two bus operator in Bristol and Bath. In the West 

Midlands (the second largest bus market in the country after London), we are also the number two bus operator. Our strategic aim is to 

improve our position, based upon our current hubs of operation, wherever we can by organic growth or, more particularly, by acquisition. 

Fleet management  
Last year in my report to shareholders I said that we saw very little need to replace vehicles in the fleet unless specific new requirements 

arose. This expectation was borne out in practice and in the event only about 5% of the vehicle fleet needed to be replaced during the 

year. This meant that, by the end of the year, the average age of the fleet was extended to some 8.34 years (2013: 7.64 years), a figure 

which remains very competitive in industry terms. In the current year we once again foresee a low requirement for vehicle replacement 

With this aim in mind we, on 28 February 2015, acquired Green Triangle Buses Limited (“GTB”) for a cash consideration of £900,000 

unless new contract customers make specific requests or existing customers order upgrades, which would of course carry with them 

and the repayment of its existing overdraft of £368,000. GTB has revenues of approximately £3.9 million and made a profit before tax 

corresponding price increases. 

and exceptional items of £107,000 in the year ended 31 August 2014. GTB operates 43 vehicles from a long leasehold depot in Atherton, 

Manchester and employs about 100 staff. The depot is well placed within the local transport network and capable of handling the 

expansion needs envisaged for GTB at the current time. The acquisition will enable the company to enhance its position in the Lancashire 

market and give it access for the first time to the Greater Manchester area which falls under the remit of Transport for Greater 

Manchester. Operationally GTB (which will be renamed Diamond Bus (North West) Limited) will be part of the North West division of 

Rotala, with its existing hub in Preston headed by Bob Dunn as Managing Director. The acquisition is not expected to have a material 

impact on earnings in the current financial year, but, following the integration of operations and overheads during the remainder of this 
year, is expected to have a beneficial effect on earnings in future years. 

The board monitors each vehicle in the fleet for relative fuel consumption, reliability and maintenance cost. We believe that having a 

modern and efficient bus fleet is a key aspect of customer service. Older vehicles also produce a greater level of emissions and we are 

keen to minimise this aspect of bus operation. Those vehicles that fall outside of acceptable parameters are designated for disposal. 

Any replacements were a judicious mix of new and second hand, chosen so as to meet the criteria which we have set. The objective, to 

possess an efficient and effective fleet of the right age profile, continues to be met. 

Convertible Loan Stock

This acquisition was facilitated by the revised suite of banking facilities which we entered into with our principal bankers, RBS/Natwest 

The convertible loan stock issued in 2008 expired on 31st December 2014. Of the £2.32m loan stock outstanding at 30 November 2013, 

in October 2014. These new facilities, totalling £18.0m, replaced the group’s existing facilities of approximately £11.0m with the same 

£2.16 million was converted into ordinary shares in accordance with the terms of the loan stock deed and the remainder has been repaid 

bank. The new facilities comprise a Term Loan Facility of £7.0m, a Revolving Facility of £9.0m and an Overdraft Facility of £2.0m, with a 

at par. 

maturity date for all facilities of 30 April 2018. In addition we possess substantial unused vehicle financing facilities. In the opinion of the 

board these facilities are ample for the current needs of the group. Taking into account these new facilities and the parallel asset finance 

facilities, the group has much headroom within which it can readily finance any further acquisitions.

Share Options 

Fuel and hedging

On 24 November 2014 2,685,000 share options were issued to executive directors and senior managers below board level. At the same 

time certain share option issues nearing their expiry date were extinguished. The new share options are however entirely performance 

related; the new option issue is split into three equal tranches. For the options to be exercisable the share price must exceed the level 

The cost of diesel fuel remains a significant factor in the business. The board’s stated policy is to create certainty over the Group’s fuel 

set for each tranche, which is 65 pence, 80 pence and 95 pence respectively. Thus the interests of shareholders and management are 

costs by hedging the total fuel requirement, whenever it seems prudent to do so. The board’s view is that hedging the fuel requirement 

completely aligned: for the share options to be worth anything, management must increase the market value of the company significantly, 

is a prudent and conservative approach which reduces the volatility of underlying earnings and cash flows whilst also giving certainty to 

which must be in the interest of shareholders. 

business planning and financial forecasts. The board therefore has continued to take out fuel hedges against the fuel requirements of the 

group, at the present time up to November 2017. 

For 2015, where hedges at about 108p a litre were already in place for almost all of the 10 million litre full year fuel requirement, recent 

Financial review 

oil price volatility will have little or no impact on the company’s prospects. For 2016 the company has been able, taking advantage of 

The Consolidated Income Statement is set out on page 29. This section of the review addresses the results before the mark to market 

recent falls in the oil price, to extend the coverage of its fuel hedge and reduce the average price per litre of that hedge. The company 

provision for fuel derivatives and other exceptional items. I have already highlighted the 3% decrease in revenues year on year and the 

has now hedged about 84% of its fuel requirement for that year at an average price of about 102p a litre. For 2017 some 70% of the fuel 

reasons for this variance. Cost of Sales fell by 4%; the principal business reasons for this have been described above. Gross Profits were 

requirement for that year has now been hedged at an average price of just under 96p a litre. 

The board will continue to monitor market conditions closely and take out such further fuel hedges as it deems are appropriate to meet 

its objective of reducing volatility and creating business certainty. Oil prices continue to be volatile and the effect on fuel prices has been 

marked. But the fuel duty and delivery cost components of a litre of diesel are unchanged at some 58p and 3p respectively. 

therefore up by just over 1% and the gross profit margin improved somewhat to 17.7% from the 17.1% of 2013. Administrative Expenses 

were a little higher than those of the previous year. The Profit from Operations at £3.55 million was therefore almost identical to that 
of 2013. Finance expense fell by 11% compared to the previous year. Hire purchase debt fell by some 6% year on year and so did the 

associated interest expense and the early conversion of the bulk of the convertible loan notes maturing at the end of 2014 also had a 

beneficial effect. The net finance cost on the defined benefit pension scheme was furthermore appreciably lower. Profit before taxation 

At the same time board policies in other areas have aided the reduction in overall levels of fuel consumption. When acquiring any vehicle 

therefore rose by 8% when compared to the previous year to £2.26 million (2013: £2.09 million). Basic earnings per share in 2014, after 

new to the fleet we are acutely conscious of its relative fuel consumption and certainly favour those marques which have demonstrable 

taking into account the mark to market provision and other exceptional items, was 3.30p. Because of the mark to market provision and 

advantages in this regard. Furthermore we are close followers of new fuel technologies, particularly those spin offs from the engineering 

other exceptional items in 2014 it is very difficult to derive a meaningful and succinct comparison to a similar figure for 2013, where the 

of hybrid vehicles which focus on the optimisation of heating and cooling and the harvesting of available engine power. We continue to trial 

earnings per share were distorted by a low tax charge, which resulted from a number of one-off prior year deferred tax adjustments. But 

a number of prototypes in this area of development. The fuel consumption improvements which are promised certainly encourage further 

the underlying earnings per share picture would, like for like, be roughly comparable to the increase in profit before taxation. 

close study. These redesigns of accepted conventional bus power systems also promise interesting enhancements in service reliability 

and thus savings in maintenance cost. 

10

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

11

Chairman’s Statement and  
Review of Operations
(continued) 

Financial review (continued)
The gross assets of the group stood at £50.8 million at both 30 November 2013 and 2014. Holdings of Property, Plant and Equipment 

Outlook 
Trading for the current year has begun positively. However in the first half of the year the contract with British Airways, which the group 

fell slightly as the result of depreciation. Trade Receivables were down a little year on year but there were no other variances worthy of 

has held for more than 10 years, will come to an end. This will of course have a negative impact on the results of the second half of the 

mention in this caption. The reduction in Trade and Other Payables is largely accounted for by a fall in Trade Payables. This fall in turn 

year. But the board is confident that this impact will be largely mitigated by the effect of new contracts and further gains in operating 

reflects the strong cash flow throughout the year. The gross loans and borrowings of the group fell by almost £1m. This was however 

efficiencies. 

Statutory Reports

the product of a number of opposing movements. HP obligations fell by £0.6 million year on year to £8.5 million (2013: £9.1 million). The 

convertible debt fell by £1.7 million to a figure of £0.6 million at the balance sheet date. Bank debt rose by £1.4 million, as a result of the 

renegotiated banking facilities described above, to £10.3 million at the year end. However the bulk of this debt, totalling £7.0 million, is 

mortgage debt secured on the freehold properties of the group. Finally there was a further positive movement in the Preston pension 

fund as the funding outlook for the Scheme improved still more on an accounting basis so that the balance sheet liability stood at only 

£257,000 at 30 November 2014. The gross liabilities of the group were therefore 8% lower than the previous year at £25.2 million (2013: 

£27.3 million). Net assets reached £25.6 million at the year’s end, compared to £23.6 million at the end of 2013.

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital, at £5.5 million (2013: £5.8 million), were a little down on those 

generated in the previous year. As remarked above, advantage was taken of the strong cash flow this year to reduce trade and other 

payables. The unwinding of a tyre contract also meant that more tyres were taken on as stock, explaining the variance in this caption, but 

this was balanced out by a reduction in trade and other receivables. Cash Generated from Operations was therefore somewhat down on 

last year at £4.5 million (2013: £6.0 million).

Investment in property, plant and equipment fell back in 2014 to £1.1 million (2013: £2.6 million), as a result of the low need for 

replacement vehicles. Sale of vehicles, after taking account of the related hire purchase settlements, produced £0.3 million for the group 

(2013: £1.2 million). In addition the cash flow statement incorporates the amount expended on the purchase of own shares for the first 

time (£0.4 million). The wholesale refinancing of the group’s banking facilities, described earlier in this statement, has a considerable 

positive impact on the cash flow, as does the net £1.1 million realised from refinancing some older hire purchase agreements. The capital 

element of payments on hire purchase agreements continued its downward path to £3.5 million (2013: £4.5 million). After taking account 

of rising dividends but lower bank interest payments, the group benefited from a positive cash inflow of £1.1 million for the year (2013: 

£0.2 million), and so a closing overdraft, net of cash and cash equivalents, of £0.1 million at the end of 2014 (2013: £1.2 million overdraft), 

in line with management’s plans and expectations. 

Dividend 
The company paid an interim dividend of 0.65 pence per share in December 2014. At the forthcoming Annual General Meeting the board 

will recommend a final dividend in respect of 2014 of 1.20p per share, making 1.85p for the year as a whole. 

As the company matures I expect the dividend to be progressive. The board is conscious of the importance of dividend flows to 

shareholders and has set a target dividend cover of 2.5 times earnings, to which it will move as underlying earnings and free cash flows 
improve. The board also intends to continue its programme of share buy backs, which it commenced in late 2014. This programme offers 

the opportunity to meet the need to issue shares, arising from the conversion of loan stock or exercise of share options, out of the existing 

pool of shares in issue, rather than issuing new shares and diluting the interest of current shareholders. 

The board intends to continue taking the opportunities currently on offer to fix fuel costs for a number of years ahead. Thus the board will 

extend the group’s fuel hedges whenever that is possible in order to give certainty and predictability to a key operating cost over a three 

year time horizon. This policy should lock in a key operating cost at a much lower level than has been experienced for a number of years. 

It is a step which will also underpin the board’s commitment to a progressive dividend policy. It is pleasing to note that our determination 

to deliver value for shareholders has been reflected in a stronger share price over the past two years and this strength should be 

bolstered by the certainty of lower fuel prices over the next three years as the result of our hedging activities. 

Our strategic focus continues to be on the expansion of our Commercial Services revenue stream. The enhanced banking facilities 

which we announced in November 2014 leave us well placed to make further acquisitions like GTB and increase the size of the company 
considerably in the next few years. We have also strengthened operational management recently with key recruits at a senior level. We are 

confident that we can, strongly equipped as we are in both financial and management resources, implement our strategy successfully. We 

believe that the company has performed well in 2014 and that it has good prospects in the years to come.

John Gunn 
Non-Executive Chairman

Date: 25 March 2015

12

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

13

Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Rotala Plc is an AIM listed company operating commercial and subsidised bus 
routes for businesses, local authorities, the public and private individuals.

Rotala was formed in 2005 and has grown through the acquisition and amalgamation of local coach and bus operations and is now one of 

the largest operators in its chosen geographical locations.

Rotala aims to develop sustainable revenue streams through the expansion of its commercial bus and contracted activities and by being 

an active participator in transport business trends in the UK. Our transport management expertise has taken us throughout the country, 

organising and delivering turn-key solutions to events and areas requiring many different types and capacities of transport. 

n
o
i
t
a
r
e
p
O

f
o
s
a
e
r
A

North West Trading Brands

M6

Blackpool

Wigan

Bolton

Atherton
Atherton

M6

M1

M6

Midlands Trading Brands

Wolverhampton

Walsall

M42

West Bromwich

Leicester

Stourbridge

Ludlow

Solihull

M42

Coventry

Worcester

Warwick

M5

Stratford
-upon-Avon

Evesham

M40

Northampton

M1

A1(M)

M11

Wooton-under-Edge

M4

Chipping Sodbury

Kingswood
Bath

Bristol

M5

Radstock

M25

M4

M25

M20

M3

London Trading Brands

South West Trading Brands

14

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Key

Operational Depot

Places of Operation
(Not all are shown at this scale)

Motorways

Country Border

M4

Statutory Reports

•	 To achieve sustainable growth in shareholder value;
•	 To improve continually the operational capability of the group;
•	 To deliver a consistent quality of service to customers.

s Rotala Plc pursues three key strategic goals:
l
a
o
G
r
u
O

These goals are measured by:

•	 a focus on earnings per share and the resultant share price;
•	
•	 continually monitoring the timeliness and completeness of service 

the level of new investment in infrastructure, technology and training;

delivery and levels of customer complaint.

s
e
u
l
a
V
r
u
O

Our commitment is to conduct business in an ethical manner; our core values convey our organisational beliefs:

Innovative - in creating new solutions;

•	 Professional - in our approach to business, with expert presence;
•	
•	 Agile - quick to respond and make decisions;
•	 Collaborative - working together with all stakeholders;
•	 Commercially orientated - delivering what clients require;
•	 Results focused - focusing on the delivery of value and the job in hand;
•	 Risk aware - assessing options for alternative strategies.

Our brands signify consistency, reliability and employee commitment.

i

n
o
s
s
M

i

r
u
O

The commitment is to the delivery of a consistent quality of service in accordance with the service level requirements 

of all stakeholders. Continuous improvement is sought; close monitoring of service levels identifies areas for 

improvement. Well-planned, clearly focused training supports an improved quality of service. (5338907)

Rotala aims to become the first choice supplier for bus operations  
in its target regions. 

Having grown through acquisition in key areas, Rotala has put itself into a position from which it can take advantage 

of future developments in the transport industry. The possession of substantial operations in the North West, the West 

Midlands, the South West and Heathrow areas ensures that the company is well positioned for future contract wins and 

organic commercial growth.  

Rotala is committed to providing service excellence to stakeholders, by offering 
value for money and continuous improvement without compromising on the 
quality of service. 

By working closely with other businesses, councils and educational institutions, we ensure that flexibility and proactive 

management are key strengths in which Rotala invests. Our commitment to all stakeholders makes it possible to offer 

value to all sizes of organisation from the largest corporate to the smallest individual daily user.

The focus of the business is to build profitable and sustainable revenue. The business is composed largely of 

contracted or predictable commercial revenue streams which equate to more than 90% of current revenue levels.

To achieve this level of predictability the business focuses on the development of its three principal revenue streams: 

contract, commercial and charter.

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2014 

Statutory Reports

Contract 

The key aspect of Contracted Operations is that the service is delivered under contract, to specified standards, with the price for the 

service determined by the contract alone. Contracted operations service two types of customer:

Key performance indicators (KPIs) 
The key performance indicators of the group (before mark to market provisions, gains on acquisition, acquisition expenses and other 

exceptional items) are considered to be:

1.

 Individual organisations: 

These can have specific transport needs. Private bus networks are designed on a bespoke basis around these needs. One of the 

key factors which drives this customer need comes from the increasing prevalence of planning restrictions on new developments. 

These restrict car usage and available car parking facilities. There has been much growth in this area of business in recent years 

and government policy continues to drive change.

2.

 Local authorities: 

Since bus denationalisation in 1986 the bus market has evolved and the dominant operators are now more focused on creating 

profitable route networks, in contrast to the pre-1986 approach when size and breadth of service were the sole concerns. Thus 

commercial bus groups have, over time, either curtailed or withdrawn services and Local Authorities have made decisions that 

there is a social need to subsidise the on-going provision of bus services to locations which would not support a commercial bus 

route. Contracts for these subsidised services operate on a variety of different bases but the contracted element of the revenue is 

included under this heading. Major examples of these types of services during this accounting year were operated under contract 

to Centro, Bristol City Council, Worcestershire County Council, South Gloucestershire County Council, and Bath and North East 

Somerset Council together with many smaller entities. 

Gross profit margin

Profit from operations before exceptional items

Profit before taxation and exceptional items

These key performance indicators are used as follows:

1.

Gross profit margin:

2014

17.7%

£3,554,000

£2,263,000

2013

17.1%

£3,547,000

£2,094,000

It is fundamental to the longer term sustainability of the group that it attains a suitable level of gross profit in all of its activities. 

In any contracted business the gross profit margin is computed as part of the pricing process. Actual margin is then monitored in 

relation to the contract and service delivery targets. Gross profit margin will vary depending on the type, location and duration of 

the contract. Where the revenue is variable and derived from passengers, routes are constantly monitored for gross profit margin. 

Passenger loadings are also analysed and, in concert with margin analysis, frequencies and routes adjusted to maximise revenue 

yields. In these instances margins will vary in acceptability depending upon the length, locality and maturity of the route and the 

extent of competition;

Commercial

2.

Profit from operations before exceptional items:

On a purely commercial bus service, the company takes all the risk of operation. Where a contracted service obliges the operator to take 

an element of revenue risk (the proportion of which can vary considerably), the variable element of the revenue is also included under this 

heading. Since its foundation Rotala has considerably expanded the number of commercial services it operates in the West Midlands, the 

South West and the North West.

Charter

Besides the main business streams above, Rotala also provides a transport management service to a variety of customers. Typically this 

covers business or service disruption and bespoke large event management. 

Profit from operations before exceptional items is a very important determinant of the long term success of the whole business. 

Because this indicator is calculated before interest it represents the theoretical debt-free performance of the group and is thus a 

key measure of value. It is also a measure of how effectively and efficiently the group is using its operating assets, particularly in 

relation to its peers. Therefore this metric is monitored monthly and progress is frequently reviewed;

3.

Profit before taxation:

This  indicator  is  a  key  determinant  of  return  to  shareholders.  Therefore  it  is  monitored  through  the  prism  of  the  monthly 

management accounts and reviewed by the board at its monthly meetings. The board places particular emphasis upon the target 

that this indicator should grow constantly because in this manner it can be confident that it is serving the interests of shareholders 

and providing the group thereby with the means to sustain its ambitions to increase its overall levels of business.

Trading results and Statement of Financial Position 
A review of the group’s activities, using its key performance indicators, and a review of its future prospects are contained in the 

Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations on pages 8 to 13. The group’s results for the year are set out on page 29. 

The results of the year and the financial position as at 30 November 2014 are considered by the directors to be satisfactory. 

16

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

17

 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report
For the year ended 30 November 2014 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The directors consider that the following factors may be considered to be material risks and uncertainties facing the group:

Risk

Potential impact

Management or mitigation

Variations in the price of fuel.

Fuel is a significant cost to the 
business. If fuel increases in price 
in circumstances where sales 
prices cannot be increased, then 
profitability will be affected.

The availability of sufficient capital 
and leasing facilities to finance the 
growth in the group's businesses.

The group may miss growth 
opportunities.

Management monitors fuel prices closely, negotiates fuel 
escalator clauses where possible and increases fares 
if input costs rise in a sustained pattern. Management 
enters into fuel price fixing arrangements as described in 
the Chairman’s Statement. Management also monitors 
fleet fuel efficiency and uses technological aids to 
optimise fuel usage.

Management maintains close contact with actual and 
potential shareholders. Relationships with the providers 
of the group’s asset financing and banking facilities are 
dealt with centrally in order to keep them fully briefed 
about the progress of the group. All bank account and 
treasury management is conducted at group level.

New government legislation or 
industry regulation.

Significant unplanned or unforeseen 
costs may be imposed on the 
business. 

Management continually monitors regulatory and legal 
developments and participates keenly in industry forums. 
Management also ensures that it responds to requests 
for information and insight from governmental bodies. 

Availability of management 
resources of the appropriate quality.

Lack of appropriate management 
skills damages the business and its 
prospects. 

Fleet insurance and cover and 
level of vehicle insurance rates – 
particularly in the event of a major 
accident involving passenger fatality.

The group may not be able to obtain 
adequate levels of insurance cover.

The board continually assesses skill requirements, 
management and structures as the business grows. 
Appropriate recruits are brought into the business and 
any necessary management development courses are 
instituted.

The group is self-insured for high frequency claims of 
low value. (See Accounting Policy on page 42). Claims 
above a certain level are comprehensively insured in the 
normal way. Driver training emphasises a risk - averse 
culture. Accident rates are monitored centrally. Claims 
are managed by a claims handler who works closely with 
the group’s insurance adviser and insurers. Relationships 
with insurance brokers and providers are considered to 
be key and are managed centrally by the group. 

Going concern  
The board has examined its strategy and considered its profit and loss and cash flow projections over the two years to 30 November 

2016. It has also evaluated the hire purchase, loan and overdraft facilities available to the group in connection with that period. After due 

enquiry, the board has judged the cash flow forecasts, asset financing and banking resources of the group to be adequate to support its 

continued operations for the foreseeable future and has adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 

Statutory Reports

Corporate governance 
As the company’s shares are traded on AIM, the company is not required to comply with the UK Corporate Governance Code (‘the 

Code’) nor has it done so. However, the company is committed to high standards of corporate governance and draws upon best practice 

available, including those aspects of the Code considered appropriate. The directors support the recommendations of the UK Corporate 

Governance Code. The board is responsible for the management and successful development of the group by:

•	setting	the	strategic	direction;

•	monitoring	and	guiding	operational	performance;

•	establishing	policies	and	internal	controls	to	safeguard	the	group’s	assets

The composition of the board provides a blend of skills and experience that ensures it operates as a balanced team. 

The board meets regularly to review trading performance, to ensure adequate funding is available, to set and monitor strategy, and when 

appropriate, to report to shareholders. To enable the board to discharge its duties, all directors receive appropriate and timely information.

The board is responsible for maintaining a strong system of internal control to safeguard shareholders’ investments and the group’s assets. 

The system of internal financial control is designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or 

loss. 

The directors are responsible for the group’s system of financial control and for reviewing its effectiveness. As the group continues to grow, 

the directors will review their compliance with the Code from time to time and will adopt such of the provisions as they consider to be 

appropriate.

Relationships with shareholders 
The company values the views of its shareholders and recognises their interest in the company’s strategy and performance. The Annual 

General Meeting is used to communicate with shareholders and they are encouraged to participate. The directors will be available to 

answer questions at the Annual General Meeting.    

By order of the Board

Kim Taylor 
Secretary

Date: 25 March 2015

18

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

19

 
 
Directors’ Report
For the year ended 30 November 2014 

Statutory Reports

The directors present their statutory report for the group for the year ended 30 
November 2014.

Directors’ interests (Continued)

At 

At 

1 December 2013

Price

Issued Extinguished

30 November 2014 Date Exercisable Date of Expiry

Directors 
The following Directors have held office during the year:

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Directors’ interests 
The beneficial interests of the directors and their families in the company’s shares, convertible unsecured loan stock and share options 

were as follows:

J H Gunn

R A Dunn

S L Dunn

F G Flight

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

Beneficial

2014

Ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2014
Options over  
ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2013

Ordinary shares  
of 25p each

2013
Options over  
ordinary shares  
of 25p each

6,421,488

909,454

1,364,634

1,200,000

413,056

320,000

1,037,471

1,287,471

220,000

880,000

5,526,616

909,454

686,880

1,325,055

357,500

400,000

422,471

467,471

220,000

565,000

J H Gunn is also a director of and shareholder in The 181 Fund Limited: see note 30 – Related Parties and Transactions. 

S L Dunn

K M Taylor

Beneficial

Beneficial

-

-

£260,000

£25,000

2014
Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

2013
Convertible Unsecured Loan Stock

J H GUNN

R A DUNN

S L DUNN

F G FLIGHT

K M TAYLOR

80,000

120,000

200,000

400,000

400,000

22,471

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

54.0p

615,000

422,471

80,000

80,000

200,000

85,000

22,471

615,000

-

-

-

-

-

162.5p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

40.05p

-

54.0p

900,000

(80,000)

-

-

(80,000)

-

-

-

-

(80,000)

-

-

-

-

-

-

120,000

200,000

320,000

400,000

22,471

615,000

1,037,471

-

80,000

200,000

85,000

22,471

-

-

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

24/09/2015

24/03/2016

24/11/2017

23/11/2024

-

-

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

24/09/2015

24/03/2016

900,000

24/11/2017

23/112024

467,471

80,000

140,000

220,000

80,000

160,000

240,000

85,000

-

565,000

900,000

(80,000)

1,287,471

37.5p

62.5p

125p

37.5p

62.5p

50.0p

54.0p

-

-

-

-

-

-

395,000

-

-

(80,000)

-

-

-

-

80,000

140,000

220,000

-

160,000

240,000

85,000

395,000

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

-

-

30/03/2009

29/03/2016

06/09/2010

05/09/2017

05/09/2011

04/09/2018

24/11/2017

23/11/2024

395,000

(80,000)

880,000

The remuneration of the directors is set out in note 7 of these financial statements. Contracts existing during, or at the end of the year, 

in which a director was or is materially interested, other than employment contracts, are disclosed in note 30 – Related Parties and 

Transactions. 

The company’s share price at 30 November 2014 was 54.0p. The high and low prices in the year were 58.75p and 50.0p respectively.

Dividends 
The directors will propose to the Annual General Meeting a distribution, by way of a final dividend, of 1.20p per share for the year ended 30 

November 2014 (2013: 1.05p per share). An interim dividend of 0.65p per share (2013: 0.55p per share) was paid on 8 December 2014. 

Purchase of own shares

At 30 November 2014 700,000 ordinary shares with a nominal value of £175,000 had been purchased for treasury at a total cost of 

£380,000. Loan note holders have the right, on or before 31 December 2014, to convert their holdings into ordinary shares. Ordinary 

shares were purchased for treasury in order to meet this need. Shares in treasury represent 1.79% of the called up share capital of the 

company as at 30 November 2014.

20

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

21

 
Directors’ Report
For the year ended 30 November 2014 

Statutory Reports

Financial instruments 
Details of financial instruments, including information about exposure to financial risks and the financial risk management objectives and 

Directors’ responsibilities statement 
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report, the annual report and the financial statements in 

policies, are given in note 29.

accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Future developments 
Likely future developments in the business of the group are dealt with in the Chairman’s Statement and Review of Operations set out on 

pages 8 to 13.

Employment policies and employee involvement and communication 
The group’s employment policies are regularly reviewed to ensure they remain effective. These policies promote a working environment 

which underpins the recruitment and retention of professional and conscientious employees, and which improves productivity in an 

atmosphere free of discrimination. The group is committed to giving full and fair consideration to all applications for employment from 

those who are disabled and to continuing the employment of those who become disabled while employed. 

It is a key policy of the group to consider the health and welfare of employees by maintaining safe places and methods of work. The group 

employs a Health and Safety Auditor, who assesses regularly all places of work under a standardised testing scheme. Reports of these 

tests are communicated to the board. 

Training is also a priority task and is a focus of considerable effort, especially in the field of dealing with passengers. All drivers are issued 

with a handbook at the commencement of their employment which sets out in detail the standards which they are expected to meet. 

Employees are briefed regularly about the performance and prospects of the group and their individual depots; they are also 

consulted about and involved in the development of the group in a number of ways, which include regular briefings, team updates and 

announcements.

An SAYE scheme exists for the benefit of all employees. The details of the scheme are set out in note 27 to these financial statements. 

Political contributions

No political contributions were made by the group during the year ended 30 November 2014 (2013: £Nil). 

Substantial shareholdings

As at 25 March 2015 the company had been notified that the following were interested in 3% or more of the ordinary share capital of the 

company:

Name

Mr Nigel Wray

Mr John Gunn

Number of Ordinary Shares

6,574,000

6,421,488

Close Asset Management Limited

2,251,404

The 181 Fund Limited

Mr S L Dunn

Mr F G Flight

1,802,443

1,364,634

1,200,000

%

17.04

16.65

5.84

4.67

3.54

3.11

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to 

prepare the group financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European 

Union. The directors have elected to prepare the parent company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally 

Accepted Accounting Practice (UK GAAP). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are 

satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and profit or loss of the company and group for that period. In preparing 

these financial statements, the directors are required to:

•	select	suitable	accounting	policies	and	then	apply	them	consistently;

•	make	judgements	and	accounting	estimates	that	are	reasonable	and	prudent;

•		for the group financial statements, state whether applicable IFRSs have been followed, subject to any material departures  

disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

•		for the parent company financial statements, state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject to any 

material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 

•		prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will 

continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which are sufficient to show and explain the company’s 

transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and the company and enable them to 

ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 

group and the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors confirm that: 

•	so far as each director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditors are unaware; and

•		the directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to 

establish that the auditors are aware of that information.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company’s 

website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from 

legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditors 
Grant Thornton UK LLP were re-appointed as auditors at the last Annual General Meeting and have expressed their willingness to 

continue in office as auditor. A resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

For the year ended 30 November 2014, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 479A – 479C of the Companies 

Act 2006 and certain of its subsidiaries have not been subject to an individual annual audit. Rotala Plc has given a statutory guarantee to 

each of these subsidiaries guaranteeing their liabilities, a copy of which will be filed at Companies House.

By order of the Board

Kim Taylor 
Secretary 

Date: 25 March 2015

22

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report
To the members of Rotala Plc 

Statutory Reports

We have audited the financial statements of Rotala Plc for the year ended 30 November 2014 which comprise the consolidated income 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

statement,  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income,  the  consolidated  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  the  consolidated 

statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of cash flows, the company balance sheet and the related notes. The financial 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International Financial 

•		adequate	accounting	records	have	not	been	kept	by	the	parent	company,	or	returns	adequate	for	our	audit	have	not	been	received	

from branches not visited by us; or

•	the	parent	company	financial	statements	are	not	in	agreement	with	the	accounting	records	and	returns;	or

•	certain	disclosures	of	directors’	remuneration	specified	by	law	are	not	made;	or	

•		we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

David Munton  
Senior Statutory Auditor

for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP 

Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants 

Birmingham

Date: 25 March 2015

Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation 

of  the  parent  company  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and  United  Kingdom  Accounting  Standards  (United  Kingdom  Generally 

Accepted Accounting Practice).

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our 

audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an 

auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other 

than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors

As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement on page 23, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the 

financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the 

financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require 

us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s (APB’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements

A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at  

www.frc.org.uk/apb/auditscopeukprivate.

Opinion on financial statements

In our opinion:

•	

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 30 November 2014 

and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 

•	

•	

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union;

the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  Kingdom  Generally  Accepted 

Accounting Practice; and

•	

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial statements 

are prepared is consistent with the financial statements.

24

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Review of Operations and Statutory Reports

25

 
 
Financial Statements

Financial
Statements

26

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

27

Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Financial Statements

2014

£’000

Results before 
mark to market 
provision 
and other 
exceptional 
items
£’000

Mark to market 
provision and 
other
exceptional
items
(note 11)
£’000

51,674

(42,517)

9,157

(5,603)

3,554

11

(1,302)

2,263

(498)

-

-

-

(745)

(745)

-

-

(745)

156

2013
(as restated)  
£’000

Gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
(note 11)
£’000

-

-

-

(132)

(132)

-

-

(132)

119

Results 
before gain on 
acquisition, 
acquisition 
expenses and 
exceptional 
items
£’000

Results for  
the year
£’000

51,674

(42,517)

53,303

(44,210)

9,157

(6,348)

2,809

11

(1,302)

1,518

(342)

9,093

(5,546)

3,547

8

(1,461)

2,094

(244)

Results for  
the year
£’000

53,303

(44,210)

9,093

(5,678)

3,415

8

(1,461)

1,962

(125)

1,765

(589)

1,176

1,850

(13)

1,837

Note

4

8

9

10

11

12

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Administrative 
expenses

Profit from operations

Finance income

Finance expense

Profit before taxation 

Tax expense

Profit for the year 
attributable to the 
equity holders of the 
parent

Earnings per share 
for profit attributable 
to the equity holders 
of the parent during 
the year:

Basic (pence)

Diluted (pence) 

13

13

3.30

3.26

5.21

4.88

28

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Financial Statements

29

Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Consolidated Statement of  
Changes in Equity
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Financial Statements

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income: 
Items that will not subsequently be reclassified to profit or 
loss:

Actuarial gain on defined benefit pension scheme

Deferred tax on actuarial gain on defined  
benefit pension scheme

Other comprehensive income for the year (net of tax)

Note

25

24

2014

£’000

1,176

41

(9)

32

2013
(as restated)  
£’000

1,837

451

(95)

356

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to the 
equity holders of the parent

1,208

2,193

At 1 December 2012

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners:

Dividends paid

Share based payment

Transactions with owners

Share capital

£'000

8,818

-

-

-

-

-

-

7,828

2,567

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Share

premium

reserve

£'000

Merger

reserve

£'000

Shares in

treasury

£'000

Retained

earnings

£'000

Total

£'000

21,876

1,837

356

2,663

1,837

356

2,193

2,193

(494)

9

(494)

9

(485)

(485)

4,371

1,176

32

23,584

1,176

32

1,208

1,208

(564)

7

-

-

(564)

7

1,751

(380)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(380)

(380)

(557)

814

At 30 November 2013

8,818

7,828

2,567

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners:

Dividends paid

Share based payment

Shares issued

Purchase of own shares

Transactions with owners

-

-

-

-

-

976

-

976

-

-

-

-

-

775

-

775

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 30 November 2014

9,794

8,603

2,567

(380)

5,022

25,606

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

30

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

31

Financial Statements

Shareholders’ funds

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Shares in treasury

Retained earnings

TOTAL EQUITY

Note

26

2014
£’000

9,794

8,603

2,567

(380)

5,022

2013
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

-

4,371

25,606

23,584

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 25 March 2015

Simon Dunn 

Chief Executive 

Kim Taylor 

Group Finance Director

Consolidated Statement of  
Financial Position
As at 30 November 2014

Note

14

15

24

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

19

22

23

25

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Deferred taxation

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Derivative financial instruments 

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Derivative financial instruments

Total current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Loans and borrowings

Obligations under hire purchase contracts

Defined benefit pension obligation

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

TOTAL NET ASSETS

2014
£’000

30,454

9,482

73

40,009

2,197

7,506

-

1,050

10,753

50,762

4,899

4,604

3,479

566

13,548

6,300

5,051

257

11,608

25,156

25,606

2013
£’000

30,930

9,482

424

40,836

1,826

7,863

3

317

10,009

50,845

6,304

5,462

3,318

-

15,084

5,712

5,793

672

12,177

27,261

23,584

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

32

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

33

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement  
of Cash Flows
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit before taxation

Adjustments for:

Depreciation

Gain on acquisition

Acquisition expenses

Finance expense

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment

Contribution to defined benefit pension scheme

Notional expense of defined benefit pension scheme

Equity settled share-based payment expense

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working 

capital and provisions

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables

(Increase)/decrease in inventories

(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables

Movement on financial instrument provision

Cash generated from operations

Interest paid on hire purchase agreements

Net cash flows from operating activities carried forward

2014
£’000

1,518

3,136

-

-

1,291

(103)

(404)

10

7

5,455

361

(372)

(1,468)

569

(910)

4,545

(610)

3,935

2013
£’000

1,962

3,253

(387)

155

1,453

(283)

(333)

10

9

5,839

(95)

66

147

-

118

5,957

(671)

5,286

Cash flows from operating activities brought forward

Investing activities

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Acquisition of business

Sale of public service vehicles

Net cash (used in) investing activities

Financing activities

Shares issued

Dividends paid

Own shares purchased

Proceeds of mortgage and other bank loans

Repayment of bank and other borrowings

Loan stock and bank loan interest paid

Hire purchase refinancing receipts

Hire purchase settlement payments

Capital settlement payments on vehicles sold   

Capital element of lease payments

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Financial Statements

2014
£’000

3,935

(1,065)

-

435

(630)

30

(564)

(380)

9,650

(7,827)

(601)

2,222

(1,103)

(105)

(3,522)

(2,200)

1,105

(1,214)

(109)

2013
£’000

5,286

(2,564)

(1,714)

1,941

(2,337)

-

(494)

-

3,927

(289)

(706)

-

-

(702)

(4,489)

(2,753)

196

(1,410)

(1,214)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

34

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

35

Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 November 2014

Financial Statements

1. 

General information

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

Rotala Plc is incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom.

 The effects of the application of IAS 19 on the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 November 2013 and 30 

 The financial statements for the year ended 30 November 2014 (including the comparatives for the year ended 30 November 2013) 
were approved by the Board of Directors on 25 March 2015. Amendments to the financial statements are not permitted after they 

November 2014 are as follows:

have been approved.

2. 

Accounting policies

Basis of preparation 
 The group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable International Financial Reporting Standards 

(“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as described on 

page 18.

Overall considerations

 The significant accounting policies that have been used in the preparation of these financial statements are summarised below.  
The financial statements have been prepared using the measurement bases specified by IFRS for each type of asset, liability, 
income and expense. The measurement bases are more fully described in the accounting policies below.

New standards

 The group has adopted the new standard IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement (effective 1 January 2013) during the year (see note 29). 
IFRS 13 clarifies the definition of fair value and provides related guidance and enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. 

It does not affect the items that are required to be fair-valued. The scope of IFRS 13 is broad and applies for both financial and 

non-financial items for which other IFRS require or permit fair value measurements or disclosures about fair value measurements, 

except in certain circumstances. IFRS 13 applies prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Its 

disclosure requirements need not be applied to comparative information in the first year of adoption.

 The group has also adopted the revisions within IAS 19 Employee Benefits (Revised June 2011). The amendments to IAS 19 
made a number of changes to the accounting for employee benefits, the most significant relating to defined benefit plans. The 

amendments: (1) eliminate the ‘corridor method’ and require the recognition of remeasurements (including actuarial gains and 

losses) arising in the reporting period in other comprehensive income; (2) change the measurement and presentation of certain 

components of the defined benefit cost. The net amount in profit or loss is affected by the removal of the expected return on plan 

assets and interest cost components and their replacement by a net interest expense or income based on the net defined benefit 

asset or liability; (3) enhance disclosures, including more information about the characteristics of defined benefit plans and related 

risks. 

 IAS 19 has been applied retrospectively in accordance with its transitional provisions. Consequently, the group has restated its 
reported results throughout the comparative periods presented; there was no cumulative effect to opening equity as at 1 December 

Increase in finance costs

Increase in other financial items

Decrease in tax expense

(Decrease) in profit for the year

Other comprehensive income:

Increase in actuarial remeasurement

Increase in income tax relating to items not 

reclassified

Increase in other comprehensive income

Increase / (decrease) in total comprehensive 

income

Year to 30 November
2014
£’000

Year to 30 November
2013
£’000

(120)

(10)

27

(103)

130

(27)

103

-

(86)

(10)

20

(76)

96

(20)

76

-

The effects on earnings per share for the year ended 30 November 2013 are as follows:

Earnings per share for profit attributable to the 

equity holders of the parent during the year:

As originally reported

Effect of prior  

year adjustment

Basic (pence)

Diluted (pence) 

5.42

5.17

(0.21)

(0.29)

Restated

5.21

4.88

2012. There was no effect on the statements of financial position at 1 December 2012 and 30 November 2013 resulting from the 

 The application of IAS 19 did not have a material impact on the statement of cash flows for the year ended 30 November 2013 and 

application of IAS 19, nor did the application of IAS 19 affect the statement of financial position at 30 November 2014.

2014.

Critical accounting estimates and judgements

 Certain estimates and judgements need to be made by the directors of the group which affect the results and position of the group 
as reported in the financial statements. Estimates and judgements are required if, for example, as at the reporting date not all 

liabilities have been settled, and certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value which require a number of estimates and 

assumptions to be made. 

36

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

Estimates

The major areas of estimation within the financial statements are as follows:

(a) 

Impairment of goodwill

 The group is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill has suffered any impairment. The recoverable amount 

is determined based on value in use calculations. The use of this method requires the estimation of future cash flows and 

the choice of a discount rate in order to calculate the present value of the cash flows. Actual outcomes may vary. More 

information about the impairment review is included in note 16.

(b)  Share based payment

 The group has an equity-settled share-based remuneration scheme for employees. Employee services received, and 

the corresponding increase in equity, are measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date 

of grant, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions. The fair value of share options is estimated on the 

date of grant by using the Black-Scholes valuation model or a binomial valuation model, according to the characteristics 

of the option, and is based on certain assumptions. Those assumptions include, among others, the dividend growth rate, 

expected volatility, and the expected life of the options. Management then apply the fair value to the number of options 

expected to vest.

(c)  Pension scheme valuation

 The liabilities in respect of defined benefit pension schemes are calculated by qualified actuaries and reviewed by the 
group, but are necessarily based on subjective assumptions. The principal uncertainties relate to the estimation of the life 

expectancies of scheme members, future investment yields and general market conditions for factors such as inflation 

and interest rates. The specific assumptions adopted are disclosed in detail in note 25 to the consolidated financial 

statements. Profits and losses in relation to changes in actuarial assumptions are taken directly to Other Comprehensive 

Income and therefore do not impact on the profitability of the business, but the changes do impact on net assets.

(d)  Self insurance

 The estimation of insurance costs, under the group’s self insurance scheme, is based on premiums paid and cash paid 

into the scheme’s bank account. The actual outcome of claims made is determined over the five years following each 

period end; no rebate of premium is accounted for until each insurance period is closed. The directors regularly review 

claims made and, should insurance premiums paid to date be considered inadequate in the light of claims, appropriate 

provision would be made. 

(e) 

 Fixed price diesel contracts

 The fair value of the fixed price diesel contracts is based on the future cash flows arising under the contract, compared 

to the expected cash flows that would have arisen had the contract not been in place. No discounting is applied as the 

impact of discount rates is not considered material. More details in respect of these contracts are included in note 29.

Judgements 

The major areas of judgement within the financial statements are as follows:

(a)  Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

 Property, plant and equipment is depreciated over its useful life. Useful lives are based on the management’s estimates 
of the periods within which the assets will generate revenue and which are periodically reviewed for continued 

appropriateness. Changes to judgements can result in significant variations in the carrying value and amounts charged to 

the Consolidated Income Statement in specific periods. More details about carrying values are included in note 14.

(b)  Deferred tax assets 

 In determining the deferred tax asset to be recognised, management carefully review the recoverability of these assets on 
a prudent basis and reach a judgement based on the best available information.

(c)  Extinguishment accounting

 Where there is an exchange of debt instruments, the future discounted cash flows are compared to those of the original 
liability in order to determine if extinguishment accounting is applicable, or alternatively whether the amendment is 

treated as a modification to the existing instrument. This involves a comparison under IAS 39.AG62, between the net 

present value of the cash flows under the revised terms versus the original terms, and whether the difference exceeds 

10%. During the current period the refinancing of banking facilities generated a difference exceeding this threshold and 

therefore extinguishment accounting has been applied.

Financial Statements

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

Basis of consolidation

 The group financial statements consolidate the results of the company and all its subsidiary undertakings as at 30 November 2014.  
The results of subsidiary undertakings acquired are included from the date on which control passed to the group. Intercompany 
transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full.

Business combinations

 Where the acquisition method is used, the results of the subsidiary are included from the date of acquisition. The purchase 

consideration is allocated to assets and liabilities on the basis of fair value at the date of acquisition. Acquisition costs are expensed 

as incurred.

Goodwill

 Goodwill represents any excess of the fair value of consideration transferred for the business acquisition over the acquisition date 
fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. 

 Goodwill is tested annually for any impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Any impairment charge 

would be included within administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement. Goodwill impairment charges cannot 

be reversed. As the group has taken advantage of the exemption from restating all pre-transition period acquisitions under IFRS 3 

‘Business Combinations’, goodwill includes intangibles arising on those acquisitions that are not separately identifiable prior to the 
date of the change of policy.

 Where the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds the fair value of consideration paid, the excess 

is credited in full in profit or loss on the acquisition date.

Other intangible assets - brands

 Purchased brands, which are controlled through custody or legal rights and which could be sold separately from the rest of the 
business, are capitalised, where fair value can be reliably measured. Where intangible assets are regarded as having a limited 

useful economic life, the cost is amortised on a straight-line basis over that life in administrative expenses in the Consolidated 

Income Statement. 

Other intangible assets - contracts

 Where an acquisition is made which contains within it rights to contracted revenue, the present value of the profits inherent in 
those contracts is capitalised as an intangible asset. This asset is then amortised over the remaining life of those contracts in 

administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Impairment

The group’s goodwill and intangible assets are subject to impairment testing.

 For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable 

cash flows (cash-generating units). As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are tested at cash-

generating unit level. Goodwill is allocated to those cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from synergies of the related 

business combination and represent the lowest level within the group at which management controls the related cash flows.

 Individual intangible assets or cash-generating units that include goodwill with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment 
at least annually. All other individual assets or cash-generating units are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in 

circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

  An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s carrying amount exceeds its 
recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value, reflecting market conditions less costs to sell, and value 

in use, based on an internal discounted cash flow evaluation. Impairment losses recognised for cash-generating units, to which 

goodwill has been allocated, are credited initially to the carrying amount of goodwill. Any remaining impairment loss is charged 

pro rata to the other assets in the cash generating unit. With the exception of goodwill, all assets are subsequently reassessed for 

indications that an impairment loss previously recognised may no longer exist. 

 Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the 
revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 

would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised 

as income immediately.

38

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

Property, plant and equipment

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

•		

On	initial	recognition	of	goodwill;

Financial Statements

 Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost, which includes both the purchase price and any directly 

attributable costs. Following initial recognition property, plant and equipment is carried at depreciated cost.

 The useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at least  annually and adjusted, where applicable. 
When disposed of, property plant and equipment is  derecognised. Where an asset continues to be used by the group but is expected 
to provide  reduced or no future economic benefits, it is considered to be impaired. Profits and losses on  disposal are calculated by 
comparing the disposal proceeds with the carrying value of the asset, and the resultant gains or losses are included in profit or loss. 

A gain or loss incurred at the point of derecognition is also included in profit or loss at that point. 

 Repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss in the financial period in which they are incurred. Where probable future 

economic benefits, in excess of the current standard of performance of the existing asset, are considered to be derived from 

its major renovation, the cost of that major renovation is added to the carrying value of that asset. Major renovations are then 

depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.

 Depreciation is provided to write off the cost, less estimated residual values, of all property, plant and equipment, except freehold 

land, over their expected useful lives. It is calculated at the following rates:

Freehold land 

  - 

 Not depreciated

Freehold buildings 

  - 

 Fifty years straight line

Short leasehold property 

  - 

 Over the period of the lease

Plant and machinery 

  - 

 Between ten and four years straight line

Public Service Vehicles (“PSVs”)  - 

 Between 10% and 25% per annum on a reducing balance basis

Fixtures and fittings 

  - 

 Three years straight line

Grants

 Grants relating to property, plant and equipment are netted off the assets to which they relate and the net investment in the asset 
is depreciated as set out above. Other grants are held in trade and other payables until credited to the income statement as the 

related expenditure is expensed. 

Revenue

 Revenue represents sales to external customers excluding value added tax. Passenger revenue is recognised when payment is 
received in cash. Subsidy revenue from local authorities is recognised on an accruals basis, based on actual passenger numbers. 

Contracted and charter services revenues are recognised when services are delivered, based on agreed contract rates.

Inventories

 Inventories are initially recognised at cost on a first in first out basis, and subsequently at the lower of cost and net realisable value. 

Cost comprises all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Exceptional Costs 

 Exceptional costs are items which the directors consider to be outside of the normal trading transactions of the group. They 
are highlighted separately on the Consolidated Income Statement to enable the underlying trading results of the group to be 

identifiable. 

Taxation

 The charge for current taxation is provided at rates of corporation tax that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the 

reporting date. Current tax is based on taxable profits for the year and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years.

 Deferred tax is provided, using the balance sheet method, on all temporary differences which result in an obligation at the 
reporting date to pay more tax, or a right to pay less tax, at a future date, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted 

or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Temporary differences arise between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and 

their carrying amounts in the financial statements. The exceptions, where deferred tax assets are not recognised nor deferred tax 

liabilities provided, are:

•		

	The	initial	recognition	of	an	asset	or	liability	in	a	transaction	that	is	not	a	business	combination	and,	at	the	time	of	the	
transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

•		

	Taxable	temporary	differences	associated	with	investments	in	subsidiary	undertakings	where	the	timing	of	the	reversal	

of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the 

foreseeable future.

 The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable 

that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilised.

Leased assets

 In accordance with IAS 17, the economic ownership of a leased asset is transferred to the lessee if the lessee bears substantially all 

the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset. The related asset is recognised at the time of inception of the 

lease at the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments plus incidental payments, if 

any, to be borne by the lessee. A corresponding amount is recognised as a finance leasing liability. 

 The interest element of leasing payments represents a constant proportion of the capital balance outstanding and is charged to 

profit or loss over the period of the lease.

 All other leases are regarded as operating leases and the payments made under them are charged to profit or loss on a straight line 
basis over the lease term. Lease incentives are spread over the term of the lease. 

 Where the group enters into sale and leaseback transactions, the accounting treatment depends on the type of lease involved and 

the economic and commercial substance of the arrangement. Where the group retains the majority of the risks and rewards of 

ownership of the assets they are accounted for as finance leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying amount of the 

asset is deferred and amortised over the lease term. Where the group transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership 

to the lessor they are accounted for as operating leases and any excess of sales proceeds over the carrying value of the asset is 

recognised in the income statement as a gain on disposal.

 Where finance leases or hire purchase agreements are refinanced, amounts received as cash inflows are shown in the cash flow 

statement as hire purchase refinancing, and cash outflows to settle the original leases are shown as hire purchase settlement 

payments.

Convertible debt

 The proceeds (which equate to fair value) received on issue of the group’s convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity 

components and presented separately in the balance sheet. Any equity component is included in a warrant reserve.

 The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate of interest that would 

be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert. Subsequently, the debt component is accounted 

for as a financial liability measured at amortised cost.

 The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt component is credited 
direct to equity through the warrant reserve and is not subsequently re-measured. On conversion, the debt and equity elements 

are credited to share capital and share premium as appropriate. Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are 

allocated to the liability and equity components of the instrument in proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

 Where there is an exchange of debt instruments with different terms, the group considers whether the discounted cash flows differ 
from those of the original liability by more than 10%. Where the difference is more than 10%, then the modification of the terms is 

accounted for as an extinguishment. Where the difference is less than 10%, then it is not accounted for as an extinguishment. 

40

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

41

 
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

2. 

Accounting policies (continued)

 Self insurance
 The group’s policy is to self-insure high frequency claims such as those for traffic accidents. Under this scheme, premiums are paid 

to QBE Insurance Limited (“QBE”) in respect of each accounting period. Premiums paid are held in a fund by QBE in a trust separate 

from the assets of the company in order to meet claims as and when they are settled. The company has no control over the assets 

of this trust. Claims can be made for a period of up to five years after the accounting period to which they relate. Should a year of 

insurance be in surplus, no rebate is recognised until the claim period has expired. Should a year of insurance be calculated at any 

time to be in deficit, an appropriate provision is made immediately. Any provision made is discounted to take account of the expected 

timing of future payments.

Diesel pricing contracts

 The group has entered into agreements to purchase agreed quantities of diesel over a period of time at a fixed price. Fixed price 
agreements with suppliers do not meet the definitions of a financial instrument under IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition 

and Measurement’ as the contracts represent executory contracts to buy a non-financial asset for the use of the group. Therefore 

no financial asset or liability is recognised in respect of these contracts.

 The group has entered into diesel commodity forward contracts. The agreements do not meet the definitions of hedging 

transactions under IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, but are accounted for as a derivative and are 

recorded at fair value through profit and loss.

Pension costs

Defined contribution schemes

 Contributions to the group’s defined contribution pension schemes are charged in profit or loss in the year in which they 

become payable.

Defined benefit pension schemes

 Scheme assets are measured at fair values. Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit 

method and are discounted at appropriate high quality corporate bond rates that have terms to maturity approximating to 

the terms of the related liability. Appropriate adjustments are made for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and past 

service costs. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in Other Comprehensive Income. Past service cost is 

recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent that 

benefits are already vested the group recognises past service cost immediately.

Financial assets

 The group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the purpose for which the asset 
was acquired. The group has not classified any of its financial assets as held to maturity or available for sale.

 Loans and receivables: these assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in 
an active market. They arise principally through the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also 

incorporate other types of contractual monetary asset. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are 

directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate 

method, less provision for impairment. 

 Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties on the part of the 
counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the group will be unable to collect all of the amounts due under the 

terms of the receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present 

value of the future expected cash flows associated with the impaired receivable. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such 

provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account with the loss being recognised within administrative expenses in profit or 

loss. On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the 

associated provision.

 Financial assets are de-recognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when the financial asset 
and all substantial risks and rewards are transferred. 

The group’s loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. 

 Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with 
original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.

 Financial assets and liabilities include derivative financial instruments held at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”). These 

assets and liabilities are, if they meet the relevant conditions, designated at FVTPL upon initial recognition. All of the group’s 

derivative financial instruments currently fall into this category. Assets and liabilities in this category are measured at fair value with 

gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are determined by reference to 

active market transactions or using a valuation technique where no active market exists.

Financial liabilities

The group classifies its financial liabilities in a manner which depends on the purpose for which the liability was acquired:

•		Bank	borrowings	are	initially	recognised	at	fair	value	net	of	any	transaction	costs	directly	attributable	to	the	issue	of	the	

instrument. Such interest bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate 

method, which ensures that any interest expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the 

liability carried in the balance sheet. Interest expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premiums payable 

on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding;

•		Trade	payables	and	other	short-term	monetary	liabilities	are	initially	recognised	at	fair	value	and	subsequently	carried	at	

amortised cost, using the effective interest method.

 A financial liability is de-recognised when it is extinguished, cancelled or it expires. The group has not classified any of its financial 
liabilities, other than derivatives, at fair value through profit or loss.

Equity

 Share capital is determined using the nominal value of shares that have been issued. Premiums received on the initial issuing of 

share capital are credited to the share premium reserve. Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted 

from share premium, net of any related income tax benefits. Retained earnings include all current and prior period results.

 The merger reserve represents the difference between the issue price and the nominal value of shares issued as consideration for 

the acquisition of a subsidiary undertaking. 

Share based payments

 Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged in profit or loss over 

the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected 

to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the 

number of options that eventually vest. Market and non-market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options 

granted. As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions 

are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.

 Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured 
immediately before and after the modification, is also charged in profit or loss over the remaining vesting period. A decrease in fair 

value is not recognised.

Segmental reporting

 IFRS 8 requires the identification of operating segments on the basis of internal reports that are regularly reviewed by the entity’s 
chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM has been determined to be the executive directors.

 The group has three main revenue streams: contracted, commercial and charter. All operate within a single operating segment, that 
is the provision of bus services. The activities of each revenue stream are as described in the Chairman’s Statement.

42

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

43

 
  
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

3. 

Standards and interpretations not yet applied by Rotala Plc 

4. 

Segmental analysis and revenue 

 At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing 

 All of the activities of the group are conducted in the United Kingdom within the operating segment of provision of bus services. 

standards have been published, but are not yet effective, and have not been adopted early by the group. 

Management monitors revenue across the following streams: contracted, commercial and charter: 

 Management anticipates that all of the relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the group’s accounting policies for the first 

period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. Information on new standards, amendments and interpretations 

that are expected to be relevant to the group’s financial statements is provided below. Certain other new standards and 

interpretations have been issued, the impact of which has yet to be established by the directors. 

•	IFRS	10	Consolidated	Financial	Statements	(effective	1	January	2014)	

•	IFRS	11	Joint	Arrangements	(effective	1	January	2014)	

•	IFRS	12	Disclosure	of	Interests	in	Other	Entities	(effective	1	January	2014)	

•	IAS	27	(Revised),	Separate	Financial	Statements	(effective	1	January	2014)	

•	IAS	28	(Revised),	Investments	in	Associates	and	Joint	Ventures	(effective	1	January	2014)

•	Offsetting	Financial	Assets	and	Financial	Liabilities	-	Amendments	to	IAS	32	(effective	1	January	2014)

•	Mandatory	Effective	Date	and	Transition	Disclosures	-	Amendments	to	IFRS	9	and	IFRS	7	(effective	1	January	2015)

•	Transition	Guidance	-	Amendments	to	IFRS	10,	IFRS	11	and	IFRS	12	(effective	1	January	2014)

•	Recoverable	Amount	Disclosures	for	Non-Financial	Assets	(Amendments	to	IAS	36)	(effective	1	January	2014)

•	IFRS	9	Financial	Instruments	(IASB	effective	date	1	January	2018)*;

•	IFRS	14	Regulatory	Deferral	Accounts	(effective	1	January	2016)*;

•	IFRS	15	Revenue	from	Contracts	with	Customers	(effective	1	January	2017)*;

•	IFRIC	Interpretation	21	Levies	(IASB	effective	1	January	2014);

•	Defined	Benefit	Plans:	Employee	Contributions	(amendments	to	IAS	19)	(IASB	effective	1	July	2014);

•		Clarification	of	Acceptable	methods	of	Depreciation	and	Amortisation	–	Amendments	to	IAS	16	and	IAS	38	(IASB	effective	date	

1	January	2016)*;

•	Annual	improvements	to	IFRSs	2010-2012	Cycle	(IASB	effective	date	generally	1	July	2014);

•	Annual	improvements	to	IFRSs	2011-2013	Cycle	(IASB	effective	date	1	July	2014);

•	Annual	improvement	to	IFRSs	2012-2014	Cycle	(effective	1	January	2016)*;

•	Amendments	to	IAS	16	and	IAS	41:	Bearer	Plants	(effective	1	January	2016)*;

Contracted

Commercial

Charter

Total Revenue

2014
£’000

17,891

30,623

3,160

51,674

2013
£’000

20,602

29,937

2,764

53,303

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in concept a hub and spoke 

arrangement. All the services that the group performs are similar and every depot in the group delivers services in each of the three 

sub-headings set out above. Furthermore, as a matter of management practice, the business of the group is managed by contract 

(for Contracted Revenue) or by route (for Commercial Revenue) or in certain circumstances by both contract and route, depending 

on the type of business. Charter business is typically delivered by short term contracts.

 Contracted and Charter Services are usually delivered against an agreed service level agreement. Detailed costs for that individual 

contract are monitored against those modelled in the original bid calculation. Management then takes appropriate action to correct 

variances as necessary whilst maintaining the agreed level of service.

 In Commercial Business, where the revenue is variable and derived from passengers, individual routes are constantly monitored 

for loadings and revenues and trends in passenger revenues and loadings. Passenger loadings are analysed, often by fare stage, to 

establish usage and appropriate routes. In concert with margin analysis, individual frequencies and routes are adjusted to maximise 

revenue yields. 

 In certain parts of the business revenues can be derived from a complex combination of a variable passenger revenue underpinned 

by a fixed revenue base delivered by contract. These types of service are managed by individual contract and route and so require 

a combination of management techniques and analyses to ensure that loadings and revenues are maximised whilst delivery to the 

•	Amendments	to	IAS	27:	Equity	Method	in	Separate	Financial	Statements	(effective	1	January	2016)*;

service agreement is maintained. 

	 *not	adopted	by	the	EU	(as	at	2	March	2015)

 Based on the group’s current business model and accounting policies, management does not expect a material impact on the group 

financial statements when these standards and interpretations become effective. 

 In these circumstances it is impractical to allocate local and central overhead to individual routes and contracts. Costs and 
Operating Profits by revenue stream are therefore not calculated. By the very nature of the business the operating assets are 

also interchangeable and the vehicles used in particular localities or on specific routes are frequently changed. Thus it is also 

not practicable to calculate figures for revenue stream assets. Other information such as capital expenditure, depreciation and 

impairment is also not analysed separately for this reason.

In 2014 and 2013 no customer constituted more than 10% of Revenues. 

44

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
5. 

Other losses and gains

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (note 29)

6. 

Staff costs

Staff costs (including directors) comprise:

Wages and salaries

Employer’s national insurance contributions

Defined contribution pension costs

Share-based payment expense

The average number of employees, including directors, during the year was as follows:

Management and administrative

Direct

7. 

Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration

Salaries and other short term employee benefits

Social security costs

Contribution to defined contribution pension scheme

Share based payment expense

2014
£’000

(559)

2014
£’000

23,571

2,062

251

  25,884

7

25,891

2014
£’000

93

962

1,055

2014
£’000

457

32

8

2

499

2013
£’000

3

2013
£’000

24,139

2,072

158

26,369

9

26,378

2013
£’000

92

981

1,073

2013
£’000

433

32

8

2

475

One director (2013: 1) is a member of the group’s defined contribution pension scheme.

 Emoluments of the highest paid director were £168,569 (2013: £149,160). Pension contributions of £8,400 (2013: £8,400) were made 

on his behalf.

46

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

7. 

Directors’ and key management personnel remuneration (continued)

The directors’ remuneration was as follows:

2014
£’000

Share based

payment

expense

Remuneration

2013
£’000

Share based

payment

expense

Total

Remuneration

169

106

82

75

25

457

1

1

-

-

-

2

170

107

82

75

25

459

149

103

81

75

25

433

1

1

-

-

-

2

Total

150

104

81

75

25

435

Executive

S L Dunn

R A Dunn

K M Taylor

Non- Executive

J H Gunn

F G Flight

The services of John Gunn, Geoffrey Flight and Robert Dunn are provided respectively by Wengen Limited, Central Coachways 
Limited and motorBus Limited under contracts with those companies. 

The board considers the directors of the company to be the key management personnel of the group.

8. 

Profit from operations

This is arrived at after charging/(crediting):

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Operating lease expense:

- property

- plant and machinery

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Auditor’s fees:

- audit of the parent company

- audit of the accounts of subsidiaries

- other non–audit services 

2014
£’000

  3,136

295

  1,720

(103)  

48

3

12

2013
£’000

3,253

299

1,941

(283)

52

3

-

Financial Statements

47

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
9. 

Finance income

12.  Tax expense

Financial Statements

2014

£’000

 2013
(as restated) 
£’000

-

-

428

22

(325)

125

125

2013
(as restated) 
£’000

1,962

451

(23)

(303)

125

2014

£’000

11

2014

£’000

475

155

650 

 20

 2

2013
(as restated)
£’000

8

2013
(as restated) 
£’000

521

185

699

50

6

Current tax

Current tax on profits for the year

Total current tax

Deferred tax

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Change in rate of tax

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total deferred tax (note 24)

Income tax expense

-

-

305

37

-

342

342

  1,302

1,461

The tax assessed for the year is different to the standard rate of corporation tax in the U.K. for the following reasons:

Profit before taxation

Profit at the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 21% 
(2013: 23%)

Expenses not taxable

Adjustments in respect of prior periods

Total tax expense

2014

£’000

1,518

319

(14)

37

342

2014
£’000

2013
£’000

Mark to market 
provision and other 
exceptional items

Gain arising on acquisition, 
acquisition expenses and 
exceptional items

-

-

-

(559)

(81)

(105)

(745)

(155)

387

(364)

-

-

-

(132)

Interest receivable on bank deposits

10.  Finance expense

Bank borrowings and overdraft interest

Interest payable on loan notes

Hire purchase contracts

Net finance costs on pension scheme (note 25)

Other interest

11.  Profit before taxation

Profit before taxation includes the following:

Acquisition costs 

Gain arising on acquisition

Contract exit costs

Mark to market provision on fuel derivatives 

Payments on fuel derivatives

Prior year fleet insurance payment (see below)

Loss within profit before taxation

 When the group acquired Preston Bus Limited in early 2011, expert assessment of that company’s self-insured motor insurance 

fund at that time indicated that the fund was actually in surplus. In the event this opinion proved erroneous and in 2014 a payment of 

the above sum was made to close all insurance years before the acquisition of Preston Bus Limited by the group. If this deficit had 

been known about at acquisition, it would naturally have been provided for at the time. 

48

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
13.  Earnings per share

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Financial Statements

Basic

Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares

Basic earnings per share

2014

£’000

1,176

35,659,541

3.30p

2013
(as restated)
£’000

1,837

35,270,888

5.21p

 The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the earnings attributable to the ordinary shareholders 

divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Profit attributable to ordinary share holders

Interest expense of convertible loan notes

Profit for the purposes of diluted earnings per share

2014

£’000

Diluted

1,176

38

1,214

2013
(as restated)
£’000

Diluted

1,837

142

1,979

Weighted average number of shares in issue

35,659,541

35,270,888

Adjustments for:

- assumed conversion of convertible loan notes

- exercise of options

1,322,222

271,052

5,146,333

162,362

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes 
of diluted earnings per share

37,252,815

40,579,583

Diluted earnings per share

3.26p

4.88p

In order to arrive at the diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares has been adjusted on the 

assumption of conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The company has in issue two sources of potential ordinary 

shares: convertible loan notes and share options. The convertible loan notes are assumed to have been converted into ordinary 

shares (where dilutive), but the associated interest expense has been added back to the profit attributable to shareholders. In 

respect of the options a calculation has been carried out to determine the number of shares, at the average annual market price 

of the company’s shares, which could have been acquired, based on the monetary value of the rights attached to those shares. 

This number has then been subtracted from the number of shares that could be issued on the assumption of full exercise of the 

outstanding options, in order to compute the necessary adjustments in the above table. 

Total

£’000

43,215

2,342

5,989

-

290

143

(5)

428

638

95

-

45,863

2,993

(1,476)

47,380

15,706

3,253

-

Short  

Freehold land 

leasehold  

Plant and  

Public service 

Fixtures and 

and buildings

property

machinery

£’000

£’000

£’000

vehicles

£’000

fittings

£’000

Cost

At 1 December 2012

Acquisition

Additions

Transfers

Disposals

5,274

1,939

1,996

(283)

-

902

-

-

(2)

-

2,656

33,567

61

463

285

342

3,474

-

816

-

56

-

(1,336)

(3,765)

(582)

(5,683)

At 30 November 2013

8,926

900

2,129

33,618

Additions

Disposals

23

-

-

-

264

(82)

2,563

(1,389)

At 30 November 2014

8,949

900

2,311

34,792

Depreciation

At 1 December 2012

Charge for the year

Transfers

Disposals

At 30 November 2013

Charge for the year

Disposals

At 30 November 2014

Net book value:

At 30 November 2014

At 30 November 2013

431

95

(107)

-

419

95

-

514

8,435

8,507

106

21

-

-

127

21

-

148

752

773

1,469

316

107

13,062

2,726

-

(1,336)

(2,108)

(582)

(4,026)

556

321

(82)

795

13,680

151

14,933

2,634

(1,056)

65

(5)

3,136

(1,143)

15,258

211

16,926

1,516

19,534

1,573

19,938

217

139

30,454

30,930

  The net book value of public service vehicles at 30 November 2014 held under hire purchase agreements was £12,793,000 (2013: 
£13,998,000). Depreciation of £1,363,000 (2013: £1,649,000) was charged against assets falling into this category in the year.

50

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

51

 
 
 
15.  Goodwill and other intangible assets

16.  Goodwill and impairment (continued)

Purchased brands

£’000

Contracts

£’000

Goodwill

£’000

Total

£’000

 The recoverable amount of the goodwill of the business has been determined from value in use calculations based on cash flow 

projections from formally approved budgets covering a two year period to 30 November 2016. Other major assumptions are as 

Financial Statements

Cost

At 1 December 2012 and 2013 and 

at 30 November 2013 and 2014

250

312

9,482

10,044

Amortisation

At 1 December 2012

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2013

Charge for the year

At 30 November 2014

Net book value

At 30 November 2014

At 30 November 2013

250

-

250

-

250

-

-

312

-

312

-

312

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9,482

9,482

562

-

562

-

562

9,482

9,482

16.  Goodwill and impairment

 The group consists of a number of operational depots arranged around and reliant on a central core, in concept a hub and spoke 

arrangement. The complex matrix of management of the group’s business is set out in detail in note 4 to these financial statements. 

In summary, the group’s businesses are managed at their lowest levels by contract and by bus route, or sometimes by both 

methods. They are not managed by revenue stream. Moreover the manner in which the group has expanded, with the addition, 

integration and transformation of a number of businesses and entities, has obscured the formal breakdown of the total amount of 

goodwill. The directors consider that, in the light of these factors, the group’s business represents a single cash generating unit 

for the purposes of evaluating the carrying value of goodwill. Accordingly, the evaluation calculations have been carried out on this 

basis. 

follows:

Discount rate

Operating margin

Growth rate

Inflation

CGU
2014
%

12

8

2

3

CGU
2013
%

12

8

2

3

 Operating margins have been based on past experience and future expectations in the light of anticipated economic and market 

conditions. Discount rates are based on the group’s weighted average cost of capital. Growth rates, beyond the first two years, are 

based on management estimates and on the historic achievements of the group. This rate does not exceed the average long term 
growth rate for the relevant markets. Inflation has been based on management’s expectation given historic trends. After applying 

sensitivity analysis in respect of the results and future cash flows, in particular for presumed growth rates and discount rates, 

management is satisfied that it is highly improbable that there would be such change in a key assumption that it would reduce 

recoverable amount to below book value. 

17. 

Inventories

Fuel and spares

2014
£’000

2,197 

2013
£’000

1,826

There is no material difference between the replacement cost of stocks and the amounts stated above.

 The amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the year was £13,869,000 (2013: £14,622,000). No inventory has been 

written down to fair value in 2014 or 2013 and therefore no associated expense was incurred.

18.  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables

Tax and social security

Prepayments and accrued income

2014
£’000

3,202

 442

  3,862

7,506

2013
£’000

2,948

337

4,578

7,863

52

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18.  Trade and other receivables (continued)

20.  Cash and cash equivalents

Financial Statements

 The carrying values of trade and other receivables are considered to be a reasonable approximation of fair value. The effect of 

discounting trade and other receivables has been assessed and is deemed to be immaterial to the results. 

 All trade and other receivables have been reviewed for indicators of impairment. During the year certain trade receivables were 

found to be impaired and a provision of £80,000 was created (2013: no provision was created). 

 In addition, some of the unimpaired trade receivables are past due as at the reporting date. The ages of trade receivables past due 

but not impaired are as follows:

Not more than 3 months overdue

More than 3 months but not more than 1 year

Movements in the group trade receivables provision in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December

Provided

Balance carried forward at 30 November

19.  Derivative financial instruments

Fuel commodity forward contract (liability) / asset (note 29)

2014
£’000

124 

 73

 197

2014
£’000

-

(80)

(80)

2014
£’000

(566) 

2013
£’000

 24

 121

145

2013
£’000

-

-

-

2013
£’000

3

 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented within Operating Activities as part of changes in working capital in 

the statement of cash flows.

The fair value of the commodity forward contracts is determined in accordance with the procedure described in note 29.

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the cash flow statement are analysed as follows:

Cash at bank

Bank overdraft

21.  Trade and other payables - current

Trade payables

Taxation and social security

Other creditors

Accruals and deferred income

2014
£’000

1,050 

(1,159)  

  (109)

2014
£’000

3,301

 597

 359

 642

4,899 

 The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value. The effect of 

discounting trade and other payables has been assessed and is deemed to be immaterial to the group’s results.

22.  Loans and borrowings

Current:

Overdrafts

Bank loans

Convertible loan stock

Non-current

Convertible loan stock

Bank loans

2014
£’000

1,159

2,850

595

4,604

-

6,300

6,300

2013
£’000

317 

(1,531)

(1,214)

2013
£’000

4,592

475

281

 956

6,304

2013
£’000

1,531

3,931

-

5,462

2,316

3,396

5,712

54

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
22.  Loans and borrowings (continued)

 Analysis of maturity 

23.  Obligations under hire purchase contracts

 Future lease payments are due as follows:

2014
£’000

2014
£’000

2014
£’000

2014
£’000

2014
£’000

Convertible debt

and overdrafts

hire purchase

payables

Total

Bank loans  

Obligations under 

Trade and other 

In one year or less or  

on demand

In more than one year but not 

more than two years

In more than two years but 

not more than five years

Later than five years

599 

 4,386 

  -

-

 -

1,015  

 6,003

 -

  3,878

  2,597

  2,736

 102

 3,660 

  12,523

Not later than one year

 -

- 

- 

  3,612

  8,739

102 

More than one but less than two years

More than two but less than five years

Later than 5 years

  599

  11,404

  9,313

 3,660 

  24,976 

The analysis above represents minimum payments on an undiscounted basis.

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

2013
£’000

Convertible debt

and overdrafts

hire purchase

payables

Total

Bank loans  

Obligations under 

Trade and other 

In one year or less or  

on demand

In more than one year but not 

more than two years

In more than two years but not 

more than five years

Later than five years

185

2,331

-

-

5,632

3,132

406 

-

3,776

3,420

2,614

125

4,873

14,466

-

-

-

8,883

3,020

125

2,516

9,170

9,935

4,873

26,494

Convertible debt 
 A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008. The loan stock was redeemable at par on 31 December 2014 or 

convertible into 25p ordinary shares of the company at a price of 45.0p per share by that date. By 30 November 2014, holders of 

£1,720,850 of loan stock had exercised their right to convert. Of the remainder, after the balance sheet date, holders of £435,000 

also exercised their right to convert and holders of £160,000 chose to be re-paid at par.

Bank borrowings  
 The group renewed its Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 31 October 2014. This agreement 

provides a revolving £9.0 million facility combined with a mortgage facility of up to £7.0 million and an overdraft facility of £2.0 

million. It is for an initial term of three years and six months, renewable at 30 April 2018. The group entered into a cross-guarantee 

and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its overdraft facilities.

 The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are calculated such that the 
mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 10 years which is considered to give a reasonable approximation to the 

effective interest rate. 

Financial Statements

2014
£’000

Interest

399

223

158

3

783

2013
£’000

Interest

458

231

132

3

824

2014 
£’000

3,479

5,051

8,530

2014
£’000

Present value

3,479

2,374

2,578

99

8,530

2013
£’000

Present value

3,318

3,189

2,482

122

9,111

2013
£’000

3,318

5,793

9,111

2014
£’000

Minimum lease payments

3,878

2,597

2,736

102

9,313

2013
£’000

Minimum lease payments

3,776

3,420

2,614

125

9,935

Not later than one year

More than one but less than two years

More than two but less than five years

Later than 5 years

The present values of future lease payments are analysed as:

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Obligations under hire purchase contracts are secured on the assets to which they relate. 

56

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

24.  Deferred taxation

The deferred tax asset included in the Statement of Financial Position is analysed as follows:

25.  Pensions (continued)

Investment risk

Accelerated capital allowances

Arising on fair value adjustments on acquisitions

Arising on defined benefit pension scheme

Arising on derivative financial instruments

Losses

Asset

The movements in the deferred tax asset in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December

Recognised in business combination

Recognised in profit or loss

Recognised in other comprehensive income

Balance carried forward at 30 November 

2014
£’000

  (611)

103

 60

119

402

73

2014
£’000

 424 

-

  (342)

 (9)

73

2013
£’000

(275)

173

170

-

356

424

2013
£’000

521

 123

(125)

(95)

424

 At 30 November 2014 there were £nil (2013: £nil) temporary differences or unused tax losses for which deferred tax has not been 

provided..

25.  Pensions

 Group companies operate defined contribution pension schemes. The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the 
group in independently administered funds. The pension charge amounted to £251,000 (2013: £158,000). Contributions amounting to 

£28,134 (2013: £22,789) were payable to the funds at the balance sheet date. 

 Another group company operates a defined benefit pension scheme within the West Midlands Integrated Transport Authority 
Pension Fund (“WMITAPF”), governed by the Local Government Pension Regulations. The group accounts for pensions in 

accordance with IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”. Contributions amounting to £29,167 (2013: £66,667) were payable to the fund at the 

balance sheet date. Expected contributions for the year ending 30 November 2015 are £350,000.

The plan exposes the group to actuarial risks such as interest rate risk, investment risk, longevity risk and inflation risk.

Interest rate risk
 The present value of the defined benefit liability is calculated using a discount rate determined by reference to market yields of high 
quality corporate bonds. The estimated term of the bonds is consistent with the estimated term of the defined benefit obligation 

and is denominated in sterling. A decrease in market yield on high quality corporate bonds will increase the group’s defined benefit 

liability, although it is expected that this would be offset partially by an increase in the fair value of certain of the plan assets.

58

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

 The plan assets at 30 November 2014 are predominantly in equities and bonds. The equities are largely invested in a spread of 

UK, North American, European and Asian equities, together with investments in two different diversified growth funds. This is 

considered to form a good spread of risk.

Longevity risk

 The group is required to provide benefits for life for the members of the defined benefit pension scheme. An increase in the life 
expectancy of members will increase the defined benefits liability.

Inflation risk

 A significant proportion of the defined benefits liability is linked to inflation. An increase in the inflation rate will increase the group’s 

liability. 

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation at 30 November 2014 is 15.5 years (2013: 16.5 years). 

WMITAPF defined benefit pension scheme 

 The calculations of the IAS 19 disclosures for the WMITAPF have been based on the most recent actuarial valuations, which have 

been updated to 30 November 2014 by an independent professionally qualified actuary to take account of the requirements of IAS 

19. 

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

Rate of increase in salaries

Rate of increase of pensions in payment

Discount rate

Inflation

Expected long-term rate of return

- Equities

- Government bonds

- Other bonds

- Cash

 30 November  
2014
%

 30 November  
2013
%

n/a

2.0

3.6 

2.0

6.5

2.6 

3.6 

0.5

n/a

2.2

4.3

2.2

7.0

3.4

4.4

0.5

 The expected return on plan assets is based on expectations at the beginning of the period for returns over the entire life of the 
benefit obligation. The expected returns are set in conjunction with external actuaries and take account of market factors, fund 

managers views and targets for future returns and, where appropriate, historical returns.

 The life expectancy assumptions used for the scheme are periodically reviewed and as at 30 November were:

Current pensioner aged 65 - male

Current pensioner aged 65 - female

Future pensioners at aged 65 (aged 45 now) - male

Future pensioners at aged 65 (aged 45 now) - female

 30 November  
2014
Years

 30 November  
2013
Years

21.4

24.3

23.2

26.2

21.8

24.6

23.9

27.0

Financial Statements

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

2013
(as restated) 
£’000

606

(155)

451

 2012

4.2

(5.9)

25.  Pensions (continued)

25.  Pensions (continued) 

Since the scheme has been closed for a number of years, there is no current service cost to be charged to operating profits.

Analysis of amount included within the group’s statement of total comprehensive income:

Discount rate

Inflation

Life expectancy

Change in assumption

Impact on overall liability

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.3%

Increase/decrease by 0.1%

Increase/decrease of 1.3%

Increase by 1 year

Increase of 2.2%

 The above analysis is based on a change in an assumption whilst holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely 

to occur and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. The sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to significant 

actuarial assumptions has been estimated, based on the average age and the normal retirement age of members and the duration 

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets

Changes in assumptions underlying the present value of the 
scheme liabilities

Actuarial gain

2014

£’000

963

(922)

41

of the liabilities of the scheme. 

Actuarial (losses)/gains as a percentage of scheme assets and liabilities at 30 November 2014 were as follows:

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position were determined as follows:

30 November
2014
£’000

30 November
2013
£’000

Equities

Bonds

Total market value of assets

Present value of scheme liabilities

Pension liability before tax

Related deferred tax asset

Net pension liability

12,492

  4,739

  17,231

  (17,488)

  (257)

54

  (203)

 The equity investments and bonds which are held in plan assets are quoted and are valued at the current bid price.

The total charge to profit and loss for pensions is as follows:

Administration expense

Finance cost

- expected return on assets

- interest cost on pension liabilities

Net finance loss

Total defined benefit loss

Defined contribution costs

Total profit and loss charge

60

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

2014

£’000

(10)

682

(702)

 (20)

(30) 

  (251)

  (281)

7,248

8,858

16,106

(16,778)

(672)

141

(531)

2013
(as restated) 
£’000

(10)

607

(657)

(50)

(60)

(158)

(218)

Actual return less expected return on pension scheme assets as 
a percentage of scheme assets

Total actuarial gain/(loss) recognised in statement of total 
comprehensive income as a percentage of the present value of 
scheme liabilities

 2014

2013
(as restated)

5.6

0.2

3.8

2.7

 The cumulative amount of actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit schemes recognised in the statement of total 

comprehensive income since 25 January 2011 (the date at which the pension scheme entered the group) is a loss of £865,000 (2013: 

£897,000). The actual return on plan assets was £1,644,000 (2013: £1,337,000).

The movement in deficit during the year under IAS 19 was:

Deficit in scheme at 30 November

Movement in period

- Contributions

- Administrative expenses

- Actuarial gain

- Expected return on assets

- Interest cost

Deficit in scheme at the end of the year

2014

£’000

(672) 

 404

(10)

41

 682

  (702)

(257) 

2013
(as restated)
£’000

(1,463)

400

(10)

451

607

(657)

(672)

Financial Statements

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25.  Pensions (continued) 

26.  Share capital (continued)

Financial Statements

 The movement in assets during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

At 30 November

Expected return on plan assets

Actuarial gains

Employer contributions

Administrative expenses

Benefits paid

At end of year

The movement in liabilities during the year under IAS 19 is as follows:

At 30 November

Interest cost

Actuarial loss - changes in assumptions

Benefits paid

At end of year

26.  Share capital 

2014

£’000

  16,106

682 

 963

 404

(10)

  (914)

17,231

2014

£’000

(16,778)

  (702)

  (922)

914

2013
(as restated)
£’000

15,465

607

606

400

(10)

(962)

16,106

2013
(as restated)
£’000

(16,928)

(657)

(155)

962

  (17,488)

(16,778)

Allotted and called up and fully paid

2014
Number

2014
£’000

2013
Number

Ordinary shares of 25p each

39,175,003

9,794

35,270,888

2013
£’000

8,818

As at 30 November 2012 and 2013

35,270,888

8,818

Number 

Nominal Value
£’000

21 July 2014

29 September 2014

6 October 2014

16 October 2014

20 October 2014

23 October 2014

20 November 2014

80,000

88,889

55,556

55,556

111,112

3,290,780

222,222

20

22

14

14

28

823

55

As at 30 November 2014

39,175,003

9,794

 Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of capital. There are no 

restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind. 

At 30 November 2014 700,000 ordinary shares were held in treasury (2013: nil).

27.  Share options and warrants 

 As at 30 November 2014 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the company’s employee share 
option schemes:

Earliest exercise date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

Date of grant

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

6 September 2007

5 September 2008

Number of  
options granted

440,000

182,000

880,000

695,000

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

24 September 2012

275,858

24 September 2015

24 March 2016

24 November 2014

2,685,000

24 November 2017

23 November 2024

37.50p

62.50p

62.50p

50.00p

40.05p

54.00p

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share option scheme, 

administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue of share options of 24 September 2012 is 

at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, 

through payroll deductions, a monthly sum which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three 

year period the employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the company (“Ordinary Shares”) at a price 

fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the board is free to price the share option at a discount 

to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under 

the Scheme will arise every six months, within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual 

Results of the company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 million 

options over Ordinary Shares of the company for this purpose.

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group executive directors and 

senior management. The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an employee of the group until the option is exercised, 

except for the issue of 24 November 2014. Here the option issue is split into three equal tranches. For a tranche to be exercisable 

the share price of the company must have reached 65p, 80p and 95p respectively. 

62

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

63

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
27.  Share options and warrants (continued)

29.  Financial instruments - risk management 

2014

Weighted average 

exercise price (p)

2013

Weighted average 

Number

exercise price (p)

Number

 The group holds derivative financial instruments to finance its operations and manage its operating risks. The Board agrees 

and reviews policies and financial instruments for risk management. Financial assets are classified as loans and receivables or 

designated at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”); financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. 

The principal financial assets and liabilities on which financial risks arise are as follows:

Financial Statements

Outstanding at beginning of the year

Forfeited during the year

Extinguished

Exercised

Issued during the year

60.97  

(48.47)  

(135.50)

(37.5)

54.00 

 2,955,498 

 (69,307)

(333,333)

(80,000)

 2,685,000

60.21

   (40.05)  

3,067,399

 (111,901)

-

-

 -

-

-

  -

Outstanding at the end of the year

53.06  

 5,157,858

60.97

2,955,498

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 62.5p (2013: 37.5p and 162.5p) and their 
weighted average remaining contractual life was 6.45 years (2013: 3.28 years).

 Of the outstanding options at the reporting date 2,197,000 (2013: 2,636,333) were exercisable. The weighted average exercise price 
was 53.54p (2013: 63.50p).

 The fair value of options granted was determined under IFRS 2 using a binominal valuation model. Significant assumptions used in 
the calculations included:

•	

an	exercise	price	of	65p,	80p	and	95p	for	three	tranches	each	of	895,000	shares;

•	

a	share	price	volatility	of	15%	based	on	expected	and	historical	price	movements;

•	

a	weighted	average	share	price	of	54p;

•	

a	dividend	per	share	of	1.1p;

•	

a	risk-free	interest	rate	of	3%;	and

•	

a	period	to	maturity	of	three	years	from	the	date	of	grant	of	the	options.

The weighted average fair value of options granted in the period was 1.75p.

28.  Commitments under operating leases

The group had total commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as set out below:

Operating lease commitments payable:

Within one year

In two to five years

In more than five years

2014
£’000

2013
£’000

Land and  

buildings

Other

Land and  

buildings

277 

882

1,517

1,838  

  4,661

 154

282

532

1,441

Other

1,924

5,463

875

2,676  

  6,653

2,255

8,262

Financial assets - loans and receivables

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Financial assets - FVTPL

Fuel commodity forward derivative contract

Financial liability – FVTPL

Fuel commodity forward derivative contracts

Financial liabilities - at amortised cost

Trade and other payables

Loans and borrowings

2014
£’000

2013
£’000

Carrying value

Carrying value

3,202

 1,050

4,252

-

(566)

3,660

  10,904

14,564

2,948

317

3,265

3

-

4,873

11,174

16,047

 The group’s derivative financial instruments relate to fuel commodity forward contracts which help to mitigate the group’s exposure 

to fluctuations in diesel prices. There are a number of contracts in place at the reporting date which, taken together with diesel 

fixed price agreements, give the group certainty over a substantial proportion of its projected diesel expenditure up to November 

2017.

 Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position are grouped into three levels of a fair 
value hierarchy. This grouping is determined based on the lowest level of significant inputs used in fair value measurement, as 
follows:

•	Level	1	–	quoted	prices	(unadjusted)	in	active	markets	for	identical	assets	or	liabilities

•		Level	2	–	inputs	other	than	quoted	prices	included	within	Level	1	that	are	observable	for	the	asset	or	liability,	either	directly	

(i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

•	Level	3	–	inputs	for	the	asset	or	liability	that	are	not	based	on	observable	market	data	(unobservable	inputs)

The fair values of the group’s financial assets are classified as Level 2.

64

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

65

 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
29.  Financial instruments - risk management (continued)

29.  Financial instruments - risk management (continued)

 The group’s diesel forward contracts are not traded in active markets. The fair value of the diesel forward contracts has been 

measured by the contracting entities using inputs obtained from forward pricing curves corresponding to the maturity of the 

 Interest rate risk 
The group seeks to obtain a favourable interest rate on its cash balances through the use of bank treasury deposits. 

Financial Statements

contracts.

The reconciliation of the carrying amounts of financial instruments classified within Level 2 is as follows:

Balance at 1 December 2013

Loss recognised in operating profit

Payments on matured instruments

 Balance at 30 November 2014

2014
£’000

3

(650)

81

(566)

  Gains or losses related to these financial instruments are recognised within profit from operations in profit or loss and all amounts 

recognised in the current period relate to financial assets or liabilities held at 30 November 2014.

 Changing inputs to Level 2 valuations to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would not change significantly amounts 

recognised in profit or loss, total assets, total liabilities or total equity.

 Financial risk management 
The principal financial risks to which the group is exposed are liquidity, credit, interest rate, commodity and capital risk. Each of 

these is managed as set out below. The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible 

without unduly affecting the group’s competitiveness and flexibility. 

 Liquidity risk 
The group has a policy of ensuring that sufficient funds are always available for its operating activities. The Board continually 

monitors the group’s cash requirements, as disclosed on page 18. 

 In assessing and managing liquidity risks of its derivative financial instruments the group considers both contractual inflows 

and outflows. Contractual cash flows of the group’s derivative financial assets and liabilities are as follows:

2014
£’000

2013
£’000

‹ 6 months   

6-12 months 

› 12 months 

‹ 6 months   

6-12 months 

› 12 months 

Cash outflow      

Cash inflow      

(151)

-

(127)

-

(268)

-

(4)

-

-

4

-

3

66

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

The interest rate profile of the financial liabilities of the group, all of which are in Sterling, was as follows:

2014
£’000

2013
£’000

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities 

on which a floating 

on which a fixed rate 

on which a floating 

on which a fixed rate 

rate is paid

is paid

rate is paid

UK Sterling

11,516

7,918  

8,346

is paid

11,938

 In the year the group paid interest at a rate of between 3% and 3.75% (2013: between 3.5% and 4%) on the liabilities subject to 

floating rates of interest set out above. The financial liabilities set out above subject to fixed rates of interest (fixed for the whole 

year) were at rates between 4.4% and 8% (2013: between 4.4% and 8%) in the year. If floating rates of interest changed by 1%, 

the group’s interest expense would not change by a material sum.

Credit risk 
 The group is exposed to credit risk on cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other receivables. Cash balances, all held 

in the UK, are placed with the group’s principal bankers. The client base of the group lies mainly in government and semi-

government bodies and substantial blue chip organisations. As a result the group rarely needs to carry out credit checks, but 

does do so if it judges this to be appropriate. Provisions for doubtful debts are established in respect of specific trade and other 

receivables where it is deemed they are impaired.

 Commodity risk 
The group is exposed to risk in the fluctuating price of diesel. It mitigates this risk through  entering fixed price purchase 

contracts and fuel commodity forward derivative contracts.

 Capital risk  
The group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, other reserves and accumulated 

retained earnings. The group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the group will be able to continue as going concerns, 

while maximising the return to shareholders. The board closely monitors current and forecast cash balances to allow the group 

to maximise returns to shareholders by way of dividends, whilst maintaining suitable amounts of liquid funds to allow continued 

investment in the group. The group sets the amount of capital in proportion to its overall financing structure, i.e. equity and 

financial liabilities. The group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic 

conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. For example, in the past two years the board has undertaken 

refinancing of debt to optimise the position. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the group may also adjust the 

amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

Capital for the reporting period under review is as follows:

Share capital

Share premium reserve

Merger reserve

Shares in treasury

Retained earnings

At end of year

2014
£’000

9,794

  8,603

  2,567

(380)

5,022

25,606

2013
£’000

8,818

7,828

2,567

-

4,371

23,584

Financial Statements

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30.  Related parties and transactions

34.  Post balance sheet events

1. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H Gunn, and invoiced by that company 

 On 28 February 2015 the company acquired Green Triangle Buses Limited (“GTB”) for a cash consideration of £900,000 (“The 

to Rotala, as set out in note 7. At the year end £nil (2013: £nil) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. 

Acquisition”). At completion Rotala also repaid approximately £368,000 to GTB’s bankers to settle the outstanding overdraft. At the 

During the year J H Gunn received from Rotala a total of £99,451 (2013: £77,373) in dividends on ordinary shares. 

date of acquisition GTB had net assets of some £466,000 including Hire Purchase debt of £233,000. In the year ended 31st August 

Financial Statements

2. 

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and invoiced by that company 
to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala, as set out in note 7. At the year end £10,060 (2013: £8,466) of the amount charged was 

unpaid and included within creditors. During the year R A Dunn received from Rotala a total of £14,551 (2013: £12,732) in 

dividends on ordinary shares.

3. 

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G Flight, and invoiced by that 

company to Rotala, as set out in note 7. At the year end £2,500 (2013: £7,500) of the amount charged was unpaid and included 

within creditors. During the year F G Flight received from Rotala a total of £21,201 (2013: £18,551) in dividends on ordinary 

shares. 

4. 

 During the year S L Dunn received from Rotala a total of £10,990 (2013: £9,616) in dividends on ordinary shares and £16,843 

(2013: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

5. 

 During the year K M Taylor received from Rotala a total of £5,720 (2013: £5,005) in dividends on ordinary shares and £1,620 

(2013: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock. 

6. 

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The Fund held an interest 
in 1,802,443 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2014 (2013: 1,980,221 ordinary shares). The Fund held £nil of the 

convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date (2013: £55,000). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that state, 

is unable to exercise his vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2014 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests held 

28.3% (2013: 28.2%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received from Rotala a total of £31,684 

(2013: £26,473) in dividends on ordinary shares and £3,563 (2013: £18,200) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock. 

31.  Capital commitments

As at 30 November 2014 the group had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of £nil (2013: £602,000). 

32.  Contingent liabilities

 The group in 2012 received a grant of £683,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the acquisition of 7 hybrid diesel electric 

vehicles. The principal condition of the grant is that the vehicles should be retained by the group for at least three years. If this 

condition is not observed the grant becomes repayable. The group has no intention of not meeting this condition of the grant. 

33.  Audit exemption for subsidiary undertakings 

 For the year ended 30 November 2014, the group has taken advantage of the exemption offered in sections 479A – 479C of the 
Companies Act 2006 and, with the exception of Preston Bus Limited, its subsidiary undertakings have not been subject to an 

individual annual audit. Rotala Plc has given a statutory guarantee to each of these subsidiary undertakings guaranteeing their 

liabilities, a copy of which will be filed at Companies House.

 The companies which have taken this exemption are as follows:

Name

Company number

Wessex Bus Limited

Shady Lane Property Limited

Diamond Bus Limited

Hallmark Connections Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

Diamond Bus Company Holding Limited

4327651

3506681

2531054

4390228

6504654

6504657

2014, GTB had revenues of approximately £3.9 million and a profit before tax and exceptional items of £107,000. On this basis the 

Acquisition is expected to generate about £434,000 of positive goodwill and intangible assets.

 GTB operates 43 vehicles from a long leasehold depot in Atherton, Manchester and employs about 100 staff. The depot is well 
placed within the local transport network and capable of handling the expansion needs envisaged for GTB at the current time. 

The Acquisition will enable the company to enhance its position in the Lancashire market and give it access for the first time to 

the Greater Manchester area which falls under the remit of Transport for Greater Manchester. Operationally GTB (which will be 

renamed Diamond Bus (North West) Limited in due course) will be part of the North West division of Rotala, with its existing hub in 

Preston headed by Bob Dunn as Managing Director.

Book value £’000

Fixed assets

Vehicles

Leasehold land and buildings

Other fixed assets

Total fixed assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

Current liabilities

Bank overdraft

Creditors due within one year

Creditors due after more than one year

Deferred taxation

Net assets

Preliminary goodwill arising on acquisition

Acquisition costs

Total cash consideration paid

838

260

39

1,137

78

220

-

298

(368)

(407)

(775)

(54)

(140)

466

434

36

936

 The Share Purchase Agreement provides for a period of 90 days within which closing assets and liabilities as at 28 February 
2015 will be precisely ascertained and valued. At the date of these accounts it is not therefore possible to state what fair value 

adjustments, if any, will be required.  

68

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company Balance Sheet
As at 30 November 2014

Fixed assets

Investments

Tangible assets

Current assets

Debtors

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Net current assets / (liabilities)

Total assets less current liabilities

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than  

one year

Provisions for liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves

Called up share capital

Share premium account

Shares in treasury

Profit and loss account

Shareholders’ funds

Note

3

4

5

6

7

8

10

12

12

12

13

2014
£’000

30,539

49

30,588

     5,826

     5,826

(4,973)

853

31,441

(6,300)

(566)

24,575  

9,794

8,603

(380)

6,558

 24,575

2013
£’000

25,539

-

25,539

5,001

5,001

(5,573)

(572)

24,967

(5,712)

-

19,255

8,818

7,828

-

2,609

19,255

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 25 March 2015

Simon Dunn       

Chief Executive       

 Kim Taylor 

 Group Finance Director

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

70

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

Notes to the Company  
Financial Statements
For the year ended 30 November 2014

1. 

Accounting policies

The following principal accounting policies have been applied in the preparation of the parent company financial statements:

Basis of preparation

 The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and are in accordance with United Kingdom 

applicable accounting standards.

Investments

 Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost less any provision for impairment. Where possible, advantage is taken of the 

merger relief rules and shares issued for acquisitions are accounted for at nominal value.

Fixed assets

All fixed assets are initially recorded at cost.  

Depreciation

 Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost of all assets, less the estimated residual value, over the useful economic life of 
the assets, as follows:

Plant and machinery  -  33% straight line

Deferred taxation

 Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet 

date except that the recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that the company anticipates making sufficient taxable 

profits in the future to absorb the reversal of the underlying timing differences.

 Deferred tax balances are measured on an undiscounted basis at tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which timing 

differences reverse, based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Convertible debt

 The proceeds received on issue of the company’s convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity components and 
presented separately in the balance sheet.

 The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using a market rate of interest that would 
be payable on a similar debt instrument that did not include an option to convert.  

 The difference between the net proceeds of the convertible debt and the amount allocated to the debt component is credited direct 

to equity and is not subsequently re-measured. On conversion, the debt and equity elements are credited to share capital and share 

premium account, as appropriate.

 Transaction costs that relate to the issue of the instrument are allocated to the liability and equity components of the instrument in 
proportion to the allocation of proceeds.

Financial Statements

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

1. 

Accounting policies (continued)

Share based payments

 Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to the profit and 

loss account over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity 

instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting 

period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the 

options granted.  As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting 

conditions are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.

 Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured 

immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the profit and loss account over the remaining vesting period.

 Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, the profit and loss account is charged with the fair value of 

goods and services received.

Related party disclosures

 The company has taken advantage of the exemption conferred by Financial Reporting Standard 8 ‘Related Party Disclosures’ not to 
disclose transactions with members of the group headed by Rotala Plc on the grounds that 100% of the voting rights in the company 

are controlled within that group and that the company is included in the consolidated financial statements.

3. 

Investments (continued)

 The principal undertakings (all held directly except where indicated), in which the company’s interest at the year end is 20% or more, 

are as follows:

Country of  

Proportion of voting 

incorporation or  

rights and ordinary share 

registration

capital held

Nature of business

England

England

England

England

England

England

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Transport

Transport

Property holding

Property holding

Transport

Transport

Wessex Bus Limited

Hallmark Connections Limited

Hallbridge Way Property Limited

Shady Lane Property Limited

Diamond	Bus	Limited	*

Preston Bus Limited

*	Held	indirectly

Provisions

 The company has a number of fuel commodity forward contracts at the year end which will require settlement in the future and 

4. 

Tangible assets

therefore the company has recognised a liability in respect of these contracts.

2. 

 Profit/(loss) for the financial year

 The company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its 

own profit and loss account in these financial statements. The group’s profit for the year includes a profit after taxation of £4,506,000 

(2013: profit £1,695,000) which is dealt with in these parent company financial statements.

3. 

Investments

Cost and net book value

At 1 December 2013

Additions

At cost

At 30 November 2014

Net book value

At 30 November 2014

Subsidiary  

undertakings

£’000

25,539

5,000

30,539

30,539

Cost:

At 1 December 2013

Additions

At 30 November 2014

Depreciation:

At 1 December 2013

Charge for the year 

At 30 November 2014

Net book value:

At 30 November 2014

At 30 November 2013

Plant and machinery

-

72

72

-

23

23

49

-

72

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

73

 
 
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 

Debtors

7. 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year (continued)

Financial Statements

Prepayments and accrued income

Taxation

Deferred tax (note 9)

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

All amounts shown under debtors fall due for payment within one year.

6. 

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Bank loans and overdrafts (note 7)

Convertible unsecured loan stock

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings

Trade creditors

Taxation and social security

Accruals and deferred income

Other creditors

7. 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

Convertible loan stock

Bank loan

2014
£’000

256 

8

136

5,426

5,826

2014
£’000

    3,939 

595

-

51

4

124

260

2013
£’000

 166

-

-

4,835

5,001

2013
£’000

  5,076

-

-

 90

-

-

407

4,973

5,573

2014
£’000

-

6,300

6,300

2013
£’000

2,316

3,396

5,712

Convertible debt 
 A convertible unsecured loan stock was issued on 3 March 2008. The loan stock was redeemable at par on 31 December 2014 or 
convertible into 25p ordinary shares of the company at a price of 45.0p per share by that date. By 30 November 2014, holders of 

£1,720,850 of loan stock had exercised their right to convert. Of the remainder, after the balance sheet date, holders of £435,000 

also exercised their right to convert and holders of £160,000 chose to be re-paid at par.

Bank borrowings  
 The group renewed its Senior Term and Revolving Facilities Agreement with its bankers on 31 October 2014. This agreement 

provides a revolving £9.0 million facility combined with a mortgage facility of up to £7.0 million and an overdraft facility of £2.0 

million. It is for an initial term of three years and six months, renewable at 30 April 2018. The group entered into a cross-guarantee 

and floating charge agreement on 27 May 2010 covering its overdraft facilities.

 The bank loans are secured on the group’s freehold property. The annual mortgage repayments are calculated such that the 

mortgage facilities amortise in a straight line over a term of 10 years which is considered to give a reasonable approximation to the 

effective interest rate. 

Analysis of maturity

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than two years

In more than two years but not more than five years

In one year or less, or on demand

In more than one year but not more than two years

In more than two years but not more than five years

Convertible debt
2014 
£’000

Bank loans 

and overdrafts
2014
£’000

595

-

-

595

3,939

700

5,600

10,239

Convertible debt
2013
£’000

Bank loans 

and overdrafts
2013
£’000

-

2,316

-

2,316

5,076

3,008    

388  

8,472

8. 

Provisions

Fuel commodity forward contracts liability

2014
£’000

(566)

Total
2014
£’000

4,534

700

5,600

10,834

Total
2013
£’000

5,076

5,324

388

10,788

2013
£’000

-

74

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. 

Deferred tax

11.  Share options and warrants

The deferred tax asset included in the company balance sheet is analysed as follows:

 As at 30 November 2014 the following share options had been issued and were outstanding under the company’s employee share 

Financial Statements

Accelerated capital allowances

Arising on derivative financial instruments

Losses

Asset

The movements in the deferred tax asset in the year are as follows:

Balance brought forward at 1 December 

Recognised in profit or loss 

Balance carried forward at 30 November

2014
£’000

2

119

15

136

2014
£’000

-

136

136

2013
£’000

-

-

-

-

2013
£’000

-

-

-

 At 30 November 2014 there were £nil (2013: £nil) temporary differences or unused tax losses for which deferred tax has not been 
provided.

10.  Share capital

Ordinary shares of 25p each

39,175,003

2014
Number

Allotted and called up and fully paid

2014
£’000

9,794

2013
Number

35,270,888

Issued Share Capital

Number

As at 30 November 2012 and 2013                                                    

35,270,888

21 July 2014

29 September 2014

6 October 2014

16 October 2014

20 October 2014

23 October 2014

20 November 2014

80,000

88,889

55,556

55,556

111,112

3,290,780

222,222

2013
£’000

8,818

Nominal Value

£’000

8,818

20

22

14

14

28

823

55

As at 30 November 2014

39,175,003

9,794

 Ordinary shares participate fully in the rights to vote, receive dividends and take part in any distribution of capital. There are no 
restrictions on ordinary shares nor are there any redeemable shares of any kind.  

At 30 November 2014 700,000 ordinary shares were held in treasury (2013: nil).

option schemes:

Date of grant

30 March 2006

24 July 2007

6 September 2007

5 September 2008

24 September 2012

24 November 2014

Number of  
options granted

Earliest  
exercise date

Date of expiry

Exercise price

440,000

182,000

30 March 2009

29 March 2016

24 July 2010

23 July 2017

880,000

6 September 2010

5 September 2017

695,000

5 September 2011

4 September 2018

275,858

24 September 2015

24 March 2016

2,685,000

24 November 2017

23 November 2024

37.50p

62.50p

62.50p

50.00p

40.05p

54.00p

 The Rotala Plc SAYE Share Option Scheme (the “Scheme”) is an HM Revenue & Customs approved share option scheme, 

administered by the Yorkshire Building Society (“YBS”), open to all employees. The issue of share options of 24 September 2012 is 

at present the only issue in relation to this Scheme. The Scheme runs for an initial three year period. Employees will subscribe, 

through payroll deductions, a monthly sum which will accumulate in their individual savings accounts at YBS. At the end of the three 

year period the employee will have the option to purchase ordinary shares of 25 pence in the company (“Ordinary Shares”) at a price 

fixed at the start of each three year period. Under the rules of the Scheme, the board is free to price the share option at a discount 

to the market price of the Ordinary Shares, at the time the option is granted. Opportunities to subscribe for further options under 

the Scheme will arise every six months, within a period of approximately 42 days after the announcement of the Interim and Annual 

Results of the company. In the initial phase of the Scheme the board has decided that it is prepared to allocate up to 1 million 

options over Ordinary Shares of the company for this purpose.

 The company also operates an unapproved equity-settled share based remuneration scheme for group executive directors and 

senior management. The only vesting condition is that the individual remains an employee of the group until the option is exercised, 

except for the issue of 24 November 2014. Here the option issue is split into three equal tranches. For a tranche to be exercisable 

the share price of the company must have reached 65p, 80p and 95p respectively.   

2014
Weighted average  

exercise price (p)

2014

2013
Weighted average  

2013

Number

exercise price (p)

Number

Outstanding at beginning of the year

Forfeited during the year

Extinguished

Exercised

Issued during the year

60.97     

(48.47)      

(135.50)

(37.5)

54.00   

   2,955,498  

60.21

 (69,307)

            (40.05)       

(333,333)

(80,000)

 2,685,000

-

-

    -

3,067,399

(111,901)

-

-

      -

Outstanding at the end of the year

53.06     

   5,157,858

60.97

2,955,498

 The exercise price of options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 37.5p and 62.5p (2013: 37.5p and 162.5p) and their 
weighted average remaining contractual life was 6.45 years (2013: 3.28 years).

 Of the outstanding options at the reporting date 2,197,000 (2013: 2,636,333) were exercisable. The weighted average exercise price 

was 53.54p (2013: 63.50p).

76

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

77

 
 
 
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11.  Share options and warrants (continued)

14.  Pensions

 The fair value of options granted was determined using a binominal valuation model.  Significant assumptions used in the 

The company does not have a pension scheme of any nature. 

Financial Statements

15.  Capital commitments

As at 30 November 2014 the company had placed orders for undelivered vehicles with a capital value of £nil (2013: £602,000).  

16.  Commitments under operating leases

 The company had the following annual operating lease commitments:

Expiry date

- up to one year

- between two and five years

17.  Contingent liabilities

Other 
2014
£’000

22

23

Other
2013
£’000

22

45

 The company has entered into a cross-guarantee and floating charge agreement with its subsidiaries. At 30 November 2014 the 

contingent liability amounted to £70,000 (2013: £387,000).

 The company has guaranteed the hire purchase obligations of its subsidiaries. At 30 November 2014 the contingent liability 

amounted to £8,530,000 (2013: £9,111,000).

 The company in 2012 received a grant of £683,000 from the Government’s Green Bus Fund for the acquisition of 7 hybrid diesel 

electric vehicles. The principal condition of the grant is that the vehicles should be retained by the company for at least three years. 

If this condition is not observed the grant becomes repayable. The company has no intention of not meeting this condition of the 

grant.  

calculations included:

•	 an	exercise	price	of	65p,	80p	and	95p	for	three	tranches	each	of	895,000	shares;

•	 a	share	price	volatility	of	15%	based	on	expected	and	historical	price	movements;

•	 a	weighted	average	share	price	of	54p;

•	 a	dividend	per	share	of	1.1p;

•	 a	risk-free	interest	rate	of	3%;	and

•	 a	period	to	maturity	of	three	years	from	the	date	of	grant	of	the	options.

The weighted average fair value of options granted in the period was 1.75p.

12.  Reserves

At 1 December 2013

Profit for the year

Shares issued

Employee share schemes

Share buyout

Dividends paid

2014
Share Premium 
Account
£’000

7,828   

 -

775

-

-

-

As at 30 November 2014

     8,603

13.  Reconciliation of movements in shareholders’ funds 

Profit for the year

Share based payment charge credited to reserves

Dividends paid

Share buyout

Shares issued

Net addition to shareholders’ funds

Opening shareholders’ funds

Closing shareholders’ funds

2014
Profit and Loss 
Account

£’000

2,609

    4,506

-

7

-

   (564)

6,558

2014
£’000

4,506

 7

(564)

(380)

1,751

5,320 

      19,255

24,575

2014
Shares in  
treasury

£’000

-

-

-

-

(380)

-

(380)

2013
£’000

 1,695

9

 (494)

-

-

1,210

18,045

19,255

78

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

79

 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18.  Related parties and transactions

19.  Post balance sheet events (continued)

Financial Statements

1. 

2. 

 The services of J H Gunn were provided by Wengen Limited, a company controlled by J H  Gunn, and invoiced by that company 
to Rotala. At the year end £nil (2013: £nil) of the  amount charged was unpaid and included within creditors. During the year J 
H Gunn  received from Rotala a total of £99,451 (2013: £77,373) in dividends on ordinary shares.

 The services of R A Dunn were provided by motorBus Limited, a company controlled by R A Dunn, and invoiced by that 
company to a subsidiary undertaking of Rotala. At the year end £10,060 (2013: £8,466) of the amount charged was unpaid and 

included within creditors. During the year R A Dunn received from Rotala a total of £14,551 (2013: £12,732) in dividends on 

ordinary shares.

3. 

 The services of F G Flight were provided by Central Coachways Limited, a company controlled by F G Flight, and invoiced 

by that company to Rotala. At the year end £2,500 (2013: £7,500) of the amount charged was unpaid and included within 

creditors. During the year F G Flight received from Rotala a total of £21,201 (2013: £18,551) in dividends on ordinary shares. 

4. 

 During the year S L Dunn received from Rotala a total of £10,990 (2013: £9,616) in dividends on ordinary shares and £16,843 

(2013: £20,800) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.

5. 

 During the year K M Taylor received from Rotala a total of £5,720 (2013: £5,005) in dividends on ordinary shares and £1,620 

(2013: £2,000) in interest on convertible unsecured loan stock.   

6. 

 J H Gunn is a director of The 181 Fund Limited (“The Fund”), a company incorporated in Jersey. The Fund held an interest in 
1,802,443 ordinary shares of Rotala as at 30 November 2014 (2013: 1,980,221 ordinary shares). The Fund also held £nil of the 

convertible loan stock of Rotala as at that date (2013: £55,000). Under Jersey law, Mr Gunn, as a non-resident of that state, 

is unable to exercise his vote at board meetings of The Fund. At 30 November 2014 Mr. Gunn and his beneficial interests 

held 28.3% (2013: 28.2%) of the ordinary share capital of The Fund. During the year The Fund received from Rotala a total of 

£31,684 (2013: £26,473) in dividends on ordinary shares and £3,563 (2013: £18,200) in interest on convertible unsecured loan 

stock. 

19.  Post balance sheet events

 On 28 February 2015 the company acquired Green Triangle Buses Limited (“GTB”) for a cash consideration of £900,000 (“The 

Acquisition”). At completion Rotala also repaid approximately £368,000 to GTB’s bankers to settle the outstanding overdraft. At the 

date of acquisition GTB had net assets of some £466,000 including Hire Purchase debt of £233,000. In the year ended 31st August 

2014, GTB had revenues of approximately £3.9 million and a profit before tax and exceptional items of £107,000. On this basis the 

Acquisition is expected to generate about £434,000 of positive goodwill and intangible assets.

 GTB operates 43 vehicles from a long leasehold depot in Atherton, Manchester and employs about 100 staff. The depot is well 

placed within the local transport network and capable of handling the expansion needs envisaged for GTB at the current time. 

The Acquisition will enable the company to enhance its position in the Lancashire market and give it access for the first time to 

the Greater Manchester area which falls under the remit of Transport for Greater Manchester. Operationally GTB (which will be 

renamed Diamond Bus (North West) Limited in due course) will be part of the North West division of Rotala, with its existing hub in 

Preston headed by Bob Dunn as Managing Director.

Fixed assets

Vehicles

Leasehold land and buildings

Other fixed assets

Total fixed assets

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents

Current liabilities

Bank overdraft

Creditors due within one year

Creditors due after more than one year

Deferred taxation

Net assets

Goodwill arising on acquisition

Acquisition costs

Total cash consideration paid

Book value £’000

838

260

39

1,137

78

220

-

298

(368)

(407)

(775)

(54)

(140)

466

434

36

936

 The Share Purchase Agreement provides for a period of 90 days within which closing assets and liabilities as at 28 February 
2015 will be precisely ascertained and valued. At the date of these accounts it is not therefore possible to state what fair value 

adjustments, if any, will be required.

80

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Financial Statements

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Information

Shareholder  
Information

82

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Shareholder Information

83

Notice of Annual General Meeting

M
G
A

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  given  that  the  Annual  General  Meeting  (“AGM”)  of 

Rotala plc (the “Company”) will be held at 12 pm on 21 May 2015 at the 

offices of the Company at Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham, B7 5JJ 

for  the  purpose  of  considering,  and  if  thought  fit,  passing  the  following 

Resolutions with or without modifications and of which Resolutions 1 to 7 

(inclusive) will be proposed as ordinary resolutions and Resolutions 8 to 9 

will be proposed as special resolutions.

Ordinary Resolutions

1. 

THAT, the accounts of the Company for the financial period ended 30 November 2014, together with the directors’ report and the 

auditor’s report on those accounts, be received and considered.

2. 

THAT, upon recommendation of the directors, a dividend of 1.20p per ordinary share be declared as a final dividend in respect of the 

financial year ended 30 November 2014.

3. 

THAT, Grant Thornton UK LLP be and are hereby re-appointed as auditors of the Company to hold office until the conclusion of the 

next general meeting of the Company before which statutory accounts are laid and that the directors of the Company be and are 

hereby authorised to fix the auditors’ remuneration from time to time.

4. 

5. 

THAT, Simon Dunn who is retiring by rotation in accordance with the Company’s articles of association and, being eligible, offers 
himself for re election as a director of the Company, be re elected as a director of the Company.

THAT, Geoffrey Flight who is retiring by rotation in accordance with the Company’s articles of association and, being eligible, offers 
himself for re election as a director of the Company, be re elected as a director of the Company.

Special Business

Shareholder Information

Special Resolutions

8. 

THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities and subject to the passing of Resolution 7, the directors be generally 

empowered pursuant to section 570 of CA 2006 to allot equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) for cash 

pursuant to the authority conferred by Resolution 7 or by way of sale of treasury shares as if section 561 of CA 2006 did not apply to 

the allotment or sale provided that this power:-

8.1 

is limited to the allotment of equity securities:-

8.1.1 

where such securities have been offered (whether by way of a rights issue, open offer or otherwise) to holders of 

ordinary shares of 25 pence each in the capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) in proportion (as nearly as may 

be) to their existing holdings of Ordinary Shares but subject to the directors having a right to make such exclusions 

or other arrangements in connection with the offer as they deem necessary or expedient to deal with equity 

securities representing fractional entitlements and/or to deal with legal and/or practical problems under the laws 

of any territory, or the requirements of any regulatory body or stock exchange in any territory; and

8.1.2 

otherwise than pursuant to paragraph 8.1.1 up to an aggregate nominal value of £979,375 (representing 

approximately 10 per cent. of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 24 March 2015); 

8.2 

shall expire at the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 31 May 2016, but such 

authority shall extend to the making of an offer or agreement which would or might require equity securities to be allotted 

after such expiry date and the directors may allot equity securities in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the power 

conferred by this Resolution had not expired;

9. 

 THAT the Company be and is hereby generally and unconditionally authorised for the purposes of section 701 of CA 2006 to make 

market purchases (within the meaning of section 693(4) of CA 2006) of Ordinary Shares provided that:-

9.1 

 the maximum number of Ordinary Shares which may be purchased is 3,917,500 (representing ten per cent of the Company’s 

issued ordinary share capital as at 24 March 2015);

9.2 

 the minimum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is 25 pence;

9.3 

 the maximum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid for each Ordinary Share is an amount equal to 105 per cent of 

the average of the middle market quotations of an Ordinary Share taken from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List 

for the five business days immediately preceding the day on which the share is contracted to be purchased; 

6. 

THAT, in accordance with section 366 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), the Company and its subsidiaries are hereby 

9.4 

 this authority shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company after the 

authorised to:- 

6.1  make political donations to political organisations or independent election candidates, as defined in sections 363 and 364 of CA 

2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total; and 

6.2  incur political expenditure, as defined in section 365 of CA 2006, not exceeding £25,000 in total, during the period commencing 

on the date of this Resolution and ending on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 

31 May 2016.

7. 

THAT, in substitution for all existing such authorities, the directors be and are hereby generally and unconditionally authorised 
pursuant to section 551 of CA 2006 to exercise all powers of the Company to allot shares in the Company or to grant rights to 

subscribe for, or to convert any security into shares in the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of £3,264,584 (being 

approximately one-third of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company as at 24 March 2015 being the last working day prior 

to the publication of the notice convening the meeting) provided that such authority, unless renewed or revoked by the Company in 

general meeting, shall expire on the earlier of the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company and 31 May 2016 

but the Company may, before such expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares to be allotted or rights 

to be granted after such expiry and the directors may allot shares or grant rights in pursuance of that offer or agreement as if the 

authority conferred by this Resolution had not expired..

passing of this Resolution and 31 May 2016 (unless previously renewed, varied or revoked by the Company in general 

meeting); and

9.5 

the Company may, before such expiry, enter into one or more contracts to purchase Ordinary Shares under which such 

purchases may be completed or executed wholly or partly after the expiry of this authority and may make a purchase of 

Ordinary Shares in pursuance of any such contract or contracts. 

By Order of the Board

Kim Taylor 
Company Secretary 

Date: 25 March 2015 

84

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Shareholder Information

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to Members

Shareholder Information

1. 

 A member entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is also entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend, speak and vote 

8. 

 The Company may treat as invalid a CREST Proxy Instruction in the circumstances set out in regulation 35(5)(a) of the Uncertificated 

instead of him/her. A member may appoint more than one proxy in relation to the meeting, provided that each proxy is appointed to 

Securities Regulations 2001.

exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares held by that member. The proxy need not be a member of the Company. 

Please refer to the notes to the form of proxy for further information on appointing a proxy, including how to appoint multiple 

proxies (as the case may be).

2. 

 In the absence of instructions, the person appointed proxy may vote or abstain from voting as he/she thinks fit on the specified 

Resolutions and, unless otherwise instructed, may also vote or abstain from voting on any other matter (including amendments to 

Resolutions) which may properly come before the meeting.

3. 

Shareholders may appoint a proxy or proxies:-

3.1   by completing and returning a form of proxy by post or by hand to the offices of the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, 

PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU; or

3.2  in the case of CREST members, through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service.

4. 

 To be effective, the appointment of a proxy, or the amendment to the instructions given for a previously appointed proxy, must be 
received by the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU by one of the 

9. 

 Completion and return of the Form of Proxy will not preclude a shareholder from attending and voting in person at the meeting.

10. 

 In the case of joint holders of a share the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to 

the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders. For this purpose seniority is determined by the order in which the names of the 

holders stand in the register of members in respect of the joint holding.

11. 

 Any corporation which is a member can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf all of its 

powers as a member provided that they do not do so in relation to the same shares.

12. 

 Copies of the directors’ service contracts and the terms and conditions of appointment of non-executive directors will be available 

for inspection at the registered office of the Company during usual business hours from the date of this notice until the date of the 

meeting and at the venue of the meeting for at least 30 minutes prior to and at the meeting.

13. 

 The Company, pursuant to regulation 41 of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, specifies that only those members 
entered on the register of members of the Company at the close of business on 19 May 2015 shall be entitled to attend and vote at 

the meeting or, if the meeting is adjourned, the close of business on such date being not more than two days prior to the date fixed 

methods in note 3 above not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting. In addition, any power of attorney or other 

for the adjourned meeting. Changes to entries on the register of members after such time shall be disregarded in determining the 

authority under which the proxy is appointed (or a notarially certified copy of such power or authority) must be deposited at the 

right of any person to attend or vote at the meeting.

offices of the Company’s registrars, Capita Asset Services, PXS, 34 Beckenham Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU not less than 48 

hours before the time for holding the meeting. Any such power of attorney or other authority cannot be submitted electronically.

5. 

 CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service may do so by 

using the procedures described in the CREST Manual. CREST personal members or other CREST sponsored members, and those 

CREST members who have appointed a voting service provider, should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service provider who 

will be able to take the appropriate action on their behalf. 

6. 

 In order for a proxy appointment or instruction made using the CREST service to be valid, the appropriate CREST message (a 

“CREST Proxy Instruction”) must be properly authenticated in accordance with Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited’s (“Euroclear UK 

& Ireland”) specifications and must contain the information required for such instructions, as described in the CREST Manual. 

The message, regardless of whether it constitutes the appointment of a proxy or is an amendment to the instruction given to a 

previously appointed proxy must, in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by the issuer’s agent (ID RA 10) by the 

specified latest time(s) for receipt of proxy appointments. For this purpose, the time of receipt will be taken to be the time (as 

determined by the timestamp applied to the message by the CREST Application Host) from which the issuer’s agent is able to 
retrieve the message by enquiry to CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST. After this time any change of instructions to proxies 

appointed through CREST should be communicated to the appointee through other means.

7. 

 CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors, or voting service providers should note that Euroclear UK & Ireland 
Limited does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular message. Normal system timings and limitations 

will, therefore, apply in relation to the input of CREST Proxy Instructions. It is the responsibility of the CREST member concerned 

to take (or, if the CREST member is a CREST personal member, or sponsored member, or has appointed a voting service provider, 

to procure that his CREST sponsor or voting service provider takes) such action as shall be necessary to ensure that a message is 

transmitted by means of the CREST system by any particular time. In this connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their 

CREST sponsors or voting service providers are referred, in particular, to those sections of the CREST Manual concerning practical 

limitations of the CREST system and timings.

86

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Shareholder Information

87

 
 
Shareholder Information

Resolution 9 – Authority to purchase own shares 
The directors believe that it is in the interests of the Company and its members to continue to have the flexibility granted to the directors 

at the last AGM to purchase its own shares and this resolution seeks continued authority from members to do so. The directors intend 

only to exercise this authority where, after considering market conditions prevailing at the time, they believe that the effect of such 

exercise would be to increase the earnings per share and be in the best interests of shareholders generally.

The outcome of such purchases would either be to cancel that number of shares or the directors may elect to hold them in treasury 

pursuant to the Companies (Acquisition of Own Shares) (Treasury Shares) Regulations 2003 (the “Regulations”). 

This resolution would be limited to 3,917,500 ordinary shares, representing approximately 10 per cent of the issued share capital as at 24 

March 2015. The directors intend to seek renewal of this power at each Annual General Meeting.

Explanatory Notes to Notice of  
Annual General Meeting

At the Annual General Meeting the following will be proposed as explained below:

Resolution 2 – Declaration of a final dividend 
Shareholder approval is required for the payment of a final dividend as recommended by the board of directors. Subject to shareholder 

approval this dividend will be paid on 26 June 2015 to those shareholders on the Company’s register of members as at close of business 

on 5 June 2015.

Resolution 6 – Authority to make donations to political organisations and to incur political expenditure 
Part 14 of the Companies Act 2006 (“CA 2006”), amongst other things, prohibits the Company and its subsidiaries from making donations 

of more than £5,000 to an EU political party or other EU political organisation or to an independent election candidate in the EU in any 12 

month period unless they have been authorised to make donations by the Company’s shareholders.

CA 2006 defines ‘political organisations’, ‘political donations’ and ‘political expenditure’ widely. It includes organisations which carry 

on activities which are capable of being reasonably regarded as intended to affect public support for a political party or an independent 

election candidate in any EU Member State or to influence voters in relation to any referendum in any EU Member State. As a result, it is 

possible that the definition may include bodies, such as those concerned with policy review and law reform, which the Company and/or its 

subsidiaries may see benefit in supporting.

Accordingly, and as proposed to Shareholders at the Company’s annual general meeting in 2014, the Company wishes to ensure that 

neither it nor its subsidiaries inadvertently commits any breaches of CA 2006 through the undertaking of routine activities, which would 

not normally be considered to result in making political donations or incurring political expenditure. Neither the Company nor any of its 

subsidiaries has any intention of making any particular political donations under the terms of this Resolution.

Resolution 7 – Authority to allot relevant securities 
Under section 549 of CA 2006, the directors of a company may not allot shares in the Company, or grant rights to subscribe for, or 

to convert any security into, shares in the Company unless authorised to do so. This resolution, if passed, will continue the directors’ 

flexibility to act in the best interests of shareholders, when opportunities arise, by issuing new shares, and renews the authority given at 

the last AGM.

This authority will allow the directors to allot new shares and to grant rights in respect of shares up to a nominal value of £3,264,584 

which is equivalent to one third of the total issued ordinary share capital as at 24 March 2015. The directors have no current intention of 

exercising this authority.

This authority will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 2016, whichever is the earlier. 

Resolution 8 – Authority to disapply pre-emption rights 
If equity securities (within the meaning of section 560 of CA 2006) are to be allotted for cash, section 561 of CA 2006 requires that those 

equity securities are offered first to existing shareholders in proportion to the number held by them at the time of the offer and otherwise 

in compliance with the technical requirements of CA 2006. However, it may be in the interests of the Company for the directors to 

allot shares and/or sell treasury shares other than to shareholders in proportion to their existing holdings or otherwise than strictly in 

compliance with those requirements.

A special resolution will be proposed to renew the authority of the directors to allot equity securities for cash without first being required 

to offer such securities to existing shareholders. This authority is limited to the allotment of equity securities and/or sale of treasury 

shares for cash up to a maximum nominal amount of £979,375 which is equivalent to 10 per cent of the total issued ordinary share capital 

of the Company as at 24 March 2015 and allotments of equity securities and/or sale of treasury shares in connection with a rights issue or 

other offer to shareholders, subject to the directors ability to make arrangements to deal with certain legal or practical problems arising 

in connection with such offer. This power will expire at the conclusion of the next AGM, or 31 May 2016, whichever is the earlier. 

88

Rotala Plc // Annual Report 2014

Shareholder Information

89

 
Rotala Plc
Beacon House, Long Acre, Birmingham B7 5JJ

Telephone: 08458 382 382

Website: www.rotalaplc.com