Quarterlytics / Real Estate / REIT - Specialty / Sagicor Financial Company Ltd. / FY2010 Annual Report

Sagicor Financial Company Ltd.
Annual Report 2010

SFC · TSX Real Estate
Claim this profile
Ticker SFC
Exchange TSX
Sector Real Estate
Industry REIT - Specialty
Employees 1001-5000
← All annual reports
FY2010 Annual Report · Sagicor Financial Company Ltd.
Loading PDF…
ANNUAL 
REPORT

2013
2012
2011
2010
2009 
2008 
2007
2006
2005 
2004 

Our Vision:
to be a great company, 
committed to  
improving the lives  
of people in the  
communities in  
which we operate. 

CONTENTS

1840 – The Beginning The Establishment of Barbados Mutual Life Assurance Society

4 
6 
10 

Overview
Financial Highlights
Chairman’s Statement

1849 – 1896 Caribbean Expansion

Corporate Social Responsibility

16 
22  Human Resources

1987 – 1999 Winds of Change – Demutualisation

28  Operating and Financial Review

2000  Rebirth  Sagicor

42 
48 
49 
58 

Board of Directors
Directors’ Interests
Corporate Governance Report
Executive Management

2005 – Present International Expansion

Index to the Financial Statements and Notes
Auditors’ Report
Actuary’s Report
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statement of Income
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

64 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
180  Shareholder Information
185  Advisors and Bankers
186  Offices

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

 
 
 
1840  
 The Beginning  
– The Establishment of Barbados Mutual Life Assurance Society

Sagicor’s legacy company, Barbados Mutual Life Assurance 
Society (The Mutual) launched in 1840, amidst financial 
uncertainty. It was a time when the sugar plantation-based 
society of the West Indies was struggling with socio-
economic changes following emancipation in 1834.

From its inception, The Mutual made significant 
contributions to capital formation and investment in 
Barbadian sugar plantations and cocoa estates in Trinidad 
and Grenada, keeping both industries afloat amidst this 
period of crisis. In addition, all classes, including upper 
mercantile, planter elites, working, and middle classes used 
The Mutual’s policies as collateral.

Some see things as they are and say, “Why?”  
Others dream of things that never were, and say, “Why not?”

OVERVIEW

2010 marked 170 years of our Company’s existence, first as The 
Barbados Mutual Life Assurance Society, and then as Sagicor, 
following our demutualisation in 2002.

We are justifiably proud of our longevity as one of the oldest 
insurance companies in the Americas and the second oldest in the 
Commonwealth.

Today, our company is synonymous with world-class financial 
services, and is seen as a dynamic, indigenous Group which 
has been re-defining financial services in the Caribbean. It is 
not surprising therefore, that the proposed investment by the 
International Finance Corporation in our Company will be IFC’s 
largest investment to date in a single Caribbean entity as well as in 
the insurance industry.

As we stand on the threshold of yet another extremely important 
and critical time in the economic life of our region and indeed, 
the rest of the world, Sagicor will continue to be at the vanguard 
of providing a wide range of financial products and services, 
while at the same time renewing our commitment to our vision, 
“To be a great Company, improving the lives of the people of the 
communities in which we operate.”

We are equally proud that the vision, tenacity, intrepid spirit and 
strong belief in, and commitment to the region which led to the 
start of our Company, has remained a guiding force more than a 
century and a half later.

Over the years, our Company has played a critical role in the 
seminal periods of financial development in our region. From 
inception, we made significant contributions to capital formation 
and investment and for several decades we were a net importer 
of capital, at a time when capital for investment anywhere in the 
region was in short supply.

We led the consolidation of the Caribbean life insurance industry 
between the late 1990s and early 2000s, emerging as the Region’s 
leading insurance company. Following a carefully crafted business 
strategy, we transformed our company from a local single-line 
life insurance company into a regional financial services Group. 
Having built a strong regional base, we expanded into the 
international financial services market.

Sagicor now operates in 22 countries in the Caribbean, Latin 
America, the UK and the US. Our assets moved from US $150 
million at the beginning of the 1990s to US $4.9 billion by end of 
year 2010. Our Revenue moved from US $40 million to US $1.3 
billion and our profits from US $2 million to US $42 million. Our 
policies in force have also grown substantially, moving from 60,000 
to over 600,000.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

4

If you can imagine it, you can create it.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

SHAREHOLDER RETURNS AND SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS

EARNINGS PER SHARE

US$16.6m

2010
2009

(US$m)

16.6
66.8

2010
2009

5.7cents

(US cents)

5.7
24.0

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - EARNINGS PER SHARE

US$38.2m

2010
2009

(US$m)

38.2
83.1

(US$m)

565.6
538.1

(US$m)

399.2
516.3

13.2 cents

DIVIDENDS

4.0 cents

BOOK VALUE PER SHARE

195.7 cents

SHARE PRICE

138.1 cents

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

(US cents)

13.2
29.8

(US cents)

4.0
4.0

(US cents)

195.7
185.7

(US cents)

138.1
178.2

NET INCOME – RETURN ON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – RETURN ON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

3.0%

(%)

3.0
14.5

7.2%

2010
2009

(%)

7.2
18.4

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

US$565.6m

MARKET CAPITALISATION

US$399.2m

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

6

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

GROUP FINANCIAL POSITION

ASSETS

US$4,867.3m

2010
2009

2010
2009

DEBT

US$181.9m

GROUP PERFORMANCE

NET INCOME

US$41.6m

2010
2009

2010
2009

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

US$80.6m

EQUITY

US$738.8m

DEBT TO EQUITY

24.6%

REVENUE

US$1,256.1m

BENEFITS

US$769.7m

(US$m)

4,867.3
4,460.0

(US$m)

181.9
200.8

(US$m)

41.6
87.6

(US$m)

80.6
100.8

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

(US$m)

738.8
681.4

(%)

24.6
29.5

(US$m)

1,256.1
1,205.3

(US$m)

769.7
708.2

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

7

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

SEGMENT PERFORMANCE

SAGICOR LIFE INC – SEGMENT REVENUE

SAGICOR LIFE INC – SEGMENT INCOME

US$311.1m

SAGICOR LIFE JAMAICA – SEGMENT REVENUE

US$389.9m

SAGICOR EUROPE – SEGMENT REVENUE

US$355.1m

SAGICOR USA – SEGMENT REVENUE

US$162.7m

(US$m)

311.1
300.4

(US$m)

389.9
431.5

(US$m)

355.1
255.6

(US$m)

162.7
189.7

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

US$29.0m

SAGICOR LIFE JAMAICA – SEGMENT INCOME

US$56.3m

SAGICOR EUROPE – SEGMENT INCOME

US$(13.1)m

SAGICOR USA – SEGMENT INCOME

US$3.1m

(US$m)

29.0
36.1

(US$m)

56.3
55.6

(US$m)

(13.1)
13.7

(US$m)

3.1
5.5

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

2010
2009

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

8

The beginning  
is the most important part  
of the work.

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

FINANCIAL CONDITION: The Group’s financial condition remains 
strong with Total Assets increasing 9.1% from US $4.5 billion to 
US $4.9 billion. Shareholders’ Equity grew 5.1% from US $538.1 
million to US$565.6 million, whilst Book Value per Share moved up 
5.4% from US$1.86 to US$1.96. The Group’s Debt to Equity Ratio 
was 24.6% at the end of the year compared to 29.5% one year 
earlier.

ANALYSIS: The primary source of the disappointing operating 
results was the very poor returns from our global P&C business, 
operated through our UK subsidiary Sagicor at Lloyds. Presented 
by principal operating segments and summary analysis, the Group 
net income attributable to shareholders for 2010 and 2009 was as 
follows:

Income attributable to Shareholders

(in US$000)

Operating Segments

Sagicor Life Inc

Sagicor Life Jamaica

2010

2009

(restated)

30,236

40,437

31,960

34,155

Sagicor Europe (Sagicor at Lloyd’s)

(13,124)

13,693

Sagicor USA

Other Operating Companies

Group financing costs

3,144

2,130

5,461

4,257

(18,835)

(15,105)

35,511

82,898

Head office function and adjustments

(18,951)

(16,052)

Total net income attributable to shareholders

16,560

66,846

Stephen McNamara
Chairman

OPERATING RESULTS: The financial year 2010 was a disappointing 
one for the Sagicor Group. Strong financial results from our 
core Caribbean operations were offset by losses in our global 
property and casualty (P&C) business written through our Lloyds 
Syndicate Sagicor at Lloyds, increased financing costs, and 
lower future investment yields which had a negative impact on 
actuarial liabilities. Group Net income for the year amounted to 
US $41.6 million, down from a restated US $87.6 million for 2009. 
Consequently, Net Income attributable to shareholders was US 
$16.6 million, compared to a restated US $66.8 million for 2009. 
Group total comprehensive income amounted to US $80.6 million, 
of which US $38.2 million was attributable to shareholders. The 
comparable restated 2009 figures were US$100.8 million and 
US$83.1 million respectively.

Earnings per Share amounted to 5.7 US cents, down from the 
restated 2009 earnings of 24.0 US cents. The average Return on 
Shareholders’ Equity in 2010 was 3.0%, compared to the 2009 
restated percentage of 14.5%.

Sagicor at Lloyds, like other Lloyds Syndicates, had an extremely 
difficult year incurring a significant increase in claims from 
both global catastrophes and UK motor liability. I have already 
made mention in previous quarters of the significant impact of 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

10

the February 2010 Chilean and September 2010 New Zealand 
earthquakes. In addition it also became necessary to increase 
substantially the claims provision for the UK direct motor 
insurance class, due to the worsening claims experience in that 
market, as a result of unfavourable winter conditions. These 
adverse claims experiences combined to produce a net loss for the 
year at Sagicor at Lloyds of US $13.1 million, compared to a net 
profit for 2009 of US $13.7 million.

On the other hand, Sagicor Life Jamaica and its subsidiaries 
Sagicor Life Cayman and PanCaribbean Financial Services had a 
very good year despite a lower interest rate environment. After the 
Jamaica Government implemented the debt exchange programme 
in early 2010 (wherein higher yielding government debt securities 
were exchanged for lower yielding securities), interest rates and 
inflation have declined, and the Jamaica dollar has maintained its 
exchange rate with the US dollar. Net income (before allocation to 
shareholders) in 2010 was US $56.3 million compared to US $55.6 
million in 2009. However, since the Group reduced its effective 
holding in PanCaribbean Financial Services in the segment, from 
64% to 51% in late 2009, the resulting net income attributable 
to shareholders fell to US $32.0 million from US $34.2 million in 
2009.

The Sagicor Life Inc segment, which comprises the Barbados, 
Trinidad, Eastern Caribbean, Dutch Antilles and Belize life 
insurance operations, also had a good year earning net income 
of US $30.2 million, compared to US $40.4 million for 2009. 
The decline in net income from 2009 is mainly as a result of the 
impact of changes in actuarial assumptions, which had a less 
beneficial impact on income in 2010. In particular, because of the 
general weak economic conditions, future investment yields were 
anticipated to decline in most territories comprising the segment 
and gave rise to an increase in the actuarial liabilities and a 
corresponding reduction in net income for 2010.

The Sagicor USA operations continue to make progress in the US 
writing annuity, single premium life and periodic life business in 
that market. During financial year 2010, the company wrote settled 
annualised premium totalling US $115.5 million, comprising 64% 
annuity products and 36% life products. Sagicor US contributed 
US $3.1 million, compared to a restated US $5.5 million for the 
previous year.

Other operating companies comprise other subsidiaries not 
managed as part of the principal operating segments and in 
particular include Sagicor General Insurance Inc and Barbados 
Farms Limited. These entities contributed net income of US $2.1 
million in 2010, compared to US $4.3 million in 2009. The reduced 
contribution reflects the lower earnings of Sagicor General as a 
result of reduced investment gains and increased claims resulting 
from hurricane Tomas.

The Group financing expense comprises the cost of the Sagicor 
7.5% senior notes, and of banking and reinsurance financing 
facilities. These principally finance our UK and USA operations. 
The increase for the year arises primarily from interest on a new 
bank loan taken out in late 2009 and from the cost of additional 
reinsurance financing.

In the statement of income, total revenue for the year was US 
$1,256.1 million (2009 - US $1,205.3 million) and was distributed 
59% (2009 – 63%) across the Caribbean region, 28% (2009 – 21%) 
in the UK and 13% (2009 – 16%) in the USA. Property and casualty 
premium increased to US $350.2 million from US $249.5 million 
in 2009, while annuity premium fell to US $127.7 million from 
US $172.4 million in 2009. These amounts reflect the increased 
business in the UK and a reduction in annuity business written in 
the USA.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

11

 
 
 
 
Net policy benefits totalled US $691.7 million for the year, up from 
US $606.3 million in 2009. Property and casualty claims increased 
significantly to US $243.3 million from US $135.8 million. However 
interest expense declined to US $78.0 million from US $101.9 
million in 2009. This is largely a consequence of the reduction in 
interest rates in Jamaica.

Total expenses recorded were US $429.4 million (2009 – US $390.2 
million). Increased commission and administrative expenses 
arose directly as a consequence of the shift in premium to the UK 
operations in 2010.

Other comprehensive income consists of net gains or losses 
resulting from movements in fair value of assets, and currency 
translation gains or losses from holding foreign currency 
subsidiaries. The Group recorded net gains of US $33.3 million 
resulting from movements in the fair value of assets and net 
gains of US $6.0 million in respect of currency translation. Other 
comprehensive income totalled US $39.0 million for the period, of 
which US $21.6 million was attributable to shareholders.

capital to meet these anticipated obligations. Management have 
reviewed the current risk profile of the Syndicate and are in the 
process of taking corrective actions to reduce the level of exposure 
to global catastrophes. We expect that these changes will take 
effect from the second half of the year.

The global economy continues to show signs of improvement. 
Despite civil unrest in several areas and increasing oil prices we 
remain optimistic that 2011 will be a year of moderate growth for 
the global economy. Caribbean economies continued to experience 
difficulty during 2010 as the benefits from the global up turn are yet 
to be felt in our region. Going forward, we expect that the region 
will gradually emerge from the global economic down turn and 
return to a period of modest growth.

For the Sagicor Group, our traditional operations performed well 
during 2010 despite challenging economic circumstances. We are 
confident of a similar performance in 2011. Once the corrective 
action at Sagicor at Lloyds begins to impact our Group, we expect 
our results to return to the strong levels of previous years.

OUTLOOK: 2010 was the seventh most expensive year for 
catastrophes for the P&C insurance industry since 1970, according 
to the latest sigma study by Swiss Re. Insurance losses were up 
60% over 2009 which was a relatively benign year. The Sagicor at 
Lloyd’s business as a part of the Lloyds environment has exposures 
to global insurance catastrophes. 2011 is also shaping up to be 
an active year for catastrophes. Events have occurred in 2011 to 
date include the Queensland Australia floods and cyclone, and 
the earth quake in Christchurch New Zealand, and the earthquake 
and tsunami across parts of Japan. We anticipate that Sagicor will 
incur insurance claims arising out of these events. Though we 
have significant reinsurance coverage in place, the magnitude and 
number of these events within a space of three months will have 
an adverse effect on our first quarter 2011 results. Notwithstanding 
this, Sagicor at Lloyd’s has more than adequate resources and 

DIVIDEND: Despite the reduced operating results in 2010, and 
the challenging prospects arising from the property and casualty 
experience in the first quarter of 2011, the Group remains in strong 
financial condition. Accordingly, the Board has decided to declare a 
final dividend of US 2 cents for 2010 which taken with the interim 
dividend paid in October 2010 maintains a total dividend of US 4 
cents for the year.

In 2005, Mr Christopher de Caires was elected as a Director of 
SFC, and subsequently served as a Director on a number of other 
subsidiaries within the Sagicor Group. He became Chairman of the 
Human Resources Committee of the SFC Board from June 2006. 
Mr de Caires will not be seeking re-election at this Annual Meeting. 
On behalf of the Directors, Management and Staff of the Sagicor 
Group, I wish to thank Mr de Caires for his yeoman service to the 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

12

Sagicor Group, and his many valuable contributions as Chairman 
of the HR Committee.

On behalf of the Board, I would also like to sincerely thank our Staff 
and Advisors for their continuing support and hard work during 
the year. I would particularly like to extend congratulations to those 
Staff members and Advisors throughout the Group who excelled in 
their performance during 2010, and were recipients of our highest 
awards and accolades.

Finally, on behalf of the Board, I sincerely thank our Policyholders, 
Clients, and Business Partners for their continued and valued 
support to Sagicor in 2010.

Stephen McNamara
Chairman

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

13

 
 
 
 
1849 – 1896  
Caribbean Expansion

Barbados was the major port for lively trade between 
the Caribbean islands, and it was a natural progression 
for The Mutual to branch out for new clients. Over the 
next 20 years, The Mutual expanded its operation, and 
branches were opened in St. Vincent (1849), Trinidad and 
Tobago (1858), Grenada (1858), St. Kitts (1861), Antigua 
(1863), Montserrat (1863), Guyana (1866), Dominica 
(1868), and Jamaica (1896). The Mutual was the only 
indigenous life insurance company to establish agencies 
throughout the British Caribbean, with the largest 
operations and investments during the entire nineteenth 
and early twentieth century.

You cannot aspire 
if you look down; 
you must look up.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Sagicor has always recognised the importance of social investment, 
and that is why, from the very beginning, we have been committed 
to enhancing the long-term quality of life in the communities we 
serve. For over several decades, we have provided financial support 
and voluntary assistance to several organisations and institutions.

Sagicor’s social responsibility initiatives stretch across multiple 
countries, and focus on a number of pillars within each community. 
We actively seek opportunities and charitable organisations that 
focus on the youth in our societies - specifically in the areas of 
education, health, sports and community development. In addition 
to providing wise financial counsel, we wish to ensure that the 
legacy we pass on to future generations is an appreciation for 
education in a world filled with opportunity, health and wellbeing.

On January 12, 2010, Sagicor, like the rest of the world, was 
profoundly moved by the earthquake in Haiti which wrought 
massive devastation. In addition to pledging US$250,000 to assist 
the Haitian people, Sagicor offered to match all donations made by 
staff members across the Group. The full amount contributed by 
Sagicor and its staff totaled US$309,456.

Donations were made to several organisations working in Haiti. 
The largest of these – US$155,212 – was made to UNICEF. 
Immediately after the earthquake, UNICEF was one of the first 
responders. They focused their attention on the children of 
Haiti, addressing their urgent nutritional and health needs, while 
simultaneously creating a programme for re-registering and 
ensuring that they returned to school as soon as possible.

In addition to the donation to UNICEF, Holy Seed International, 
a non-profit organisation that supports an orphanage in Marigot, 
Haiti received US$16,500 from Sagicor Life Inc. We thought that 
this orphanage, Arc en Ciel (French for ‘Rainbow’) was special, as 
it supports children who have been orphaned or abandoned and 
children who are already fighting against the odds, having lost 
their parents either to tuberculosis and HIV/Aids, or the recent 
earthquake. The orphanage provides care for children between 
the ages of five and nine years old who are in need of basic food, 
clothes and other personal items.

Sagicor Jamaica and PanCaribbean Financial Services donated 
US$50,744 to the Red Cross and the Salvation Army relief efforts in 
Haiti.

Our United States operation, Sagicor Life Insurance Company, 
donated a total of US$ 87,000 to two organisations, Partners in 
Health and Project 81. Partners in Health has been working in 
Haiti for over 20 years. The organisation is based in Boston, and 
brings modern medical care to poor communities. Project 81 
is the brainchild of Annie and Jared Brown, two volunteers at a 
Haitian orphanage, who are themselves former Sagicor producers. 
The organisation was named after Village 81, a poor community 
in which they installed a well to provide clean water, and also 
distributed food and parasite-fighting medicine to young children. 
They still use the arts and other creative media to raise awareness 
about Haiti.

Sports:

As a result of the UNICEF programmes, the children of Haiti 
are given the opportunity to receive an education and much-
needed health services. UNICEF places a great emphasis on 
education because they believe that, by educating children from 
early childhood, they will have a better start in life and greater 
opportunities.

Sagicor has a vision which sees our people and our institutions, 
including our sporting teams, competing as equals in the 
global arena. On 6 March, the Sagicor West Indies Cricket High 
Performance Centre, the first cricket academy of its kind in the 
Caribbean, based at the Cave Hill Campus of the University 
of the West Indies in Barbados, was officially opened. Sagicor, 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

16

having first strengthened its base in the Caribbean, now operates 
in 22 countries, including the United States and the United 
Kingdom. Our investment in the Sagicor West Indies Cricket High 
Performance Centre must therefore be viewed within the context 
of this vision. We believe that the return of West Indies cricket 
to its rightful place on the world stage is a necessary part of the 
restoration of the rapidly declining pride once associated with the 
region’s superior cricketing standards, and of our people. The High 
Performance Cricket Centre is an important part of this process. It 
will provide the much-needed strategic guidance and stimulating 
environment necessary to hone the competitive skills required in 
today’s cricketer, and we hope that this will be the catalyst which 
sparks the beginning of the re-emergence of high-quality West 
Indies cricket. Sagicor is proud to be a part of this initiative, and is 
working with the University of the West Indies and the West Indies 
Cricket Board to make this vision a reality.

The Sagicor West Indies Cricket High Performance Centre provides 
a unique educational and training facility, designed to create 
well rounded, multi-skilled young cricketers. It offers support in 
physical, technical, psychological and lifestyle areas of the game, 
and players follow a programme specifically tailored to their 
individual needs.

As a Group, Sagicor has continued nurturing proficiency in several 
sporting disciplines. In the USA, 2010 marked the third year of 
our Sagicor USA partnership with the University of South Florida 
(USF) Tampa as one of the sponsors of USF’s Athletics, with 
concentration on the “Bulls” Football Team.

Sagicor USA is also a proud corporate partner with Major League 
Baseball’s Tampa Bay Rays and the National Football League’s 
Arizona Cardinals. Through these partnerships, Sagicor USA is 
active in a number of community outreach programs both in 
Tampa Bay, Florida, and metro Phoenix, Arizona.

Sagicor USA’s association with the Tampa Bay Rays allows players 
to arrange a series of visits, throughout the baseball season, to 
the children undergoing medical treatment at the All Children’s 
Hospital in St. Petersburg, Florida. With the Arizona Cardinals, 
Sagicor USA was the corporate sponsor for the annual St. Mary’s 
Food Bank Alliance food drive. Just prior to the U.S. Thanksgiving 
holiday, Arizona Cardinal fans were asked to bring canned food 
donations which are then distributed to those in need throughout 
the Phoenix metropolitan area.

In the United Kingdom, Sagicor at Lloyd’s (SaL) raised funds 
for several charities by sponsoring staff participation in several 
sporting activities including netball, cricket and golf. In addition, 
we supported three staff teams for the Insurance Endurance Go-
Kart race which lasts for well over 6 hours.

Sagicor Life Jamaica (SLJ) concentrated on training young athletes 
during the year. The highlight of their several initiatives was the 
Jamaica Teachers Association/Sagicor National Primary, All Age & 
Junior High Meet, an annual sporting event for all age schools with 
participation of over 5,000 students in the lead up to the event. At 
the championships, over 1,200 students compete to be crowned 
national champions. Still in the area of sports, PanCaribbean 
Financial services (PCFS) focused on the Junior Tennis 
Championships and Development Tournament. However their 
single largest project, the PanCaribbean’s Sigma Corporate Run, 
attracted over 11,000 participants and, as a result, PCFS were able 
to donate money to the Sir John Golding Rehabilitation Centre, the 
Jamaica Association for the Deaf and the Jamaica Society for the 
Blind.

Sagicor Life Inc (SLI) supported several sporting disciplines, 
including golf, game fishing, Special Olympics, an annual 
summer camp and the uniquely Barbadian sport, Road Tennis. 
SLI continued its support to the Primary Schools Chess 
Championships. The tournament is the nucleus for developing 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

17

 
 
 
 
junior chess players, some of whom go on to represent Barbados 
regionally and internationally. Participation allows the children 
to meet new people and make new friends, while encouraging 
sportsmanship; striving for excellence and surpassing their 
personal best. Chess also prepares them for certain aspects of 
their life, since it exposes them to a healthy level of competition. 
SLI in Trinidad and Tobago continued its long association with the 
Sagicor Junior Tennis Tournament for 8 to 18 year olds, and the 
St Andrew invitational Golf Tournament. Trinidad also sponsored 
the new Bago Sports Beach Football Invitational Tournament. This 
new tournament, which was held at Turtle Beach in Tobago, was an 
overwhelming success and attracted several teams from Tobago, 
Antigua, Barbados and Trinidad. In the Eastern Caribbean, SLI 
entered its nineteenth year of support for the OECS Swimming 
Championships, one of the region’s premier sporting events.

The centerpiece of Sagicor General’s commitment to sport 
continued to be the Sagicor General Super-Cup, Shield and 
Twenty/20 competitions. In 2010, they also supported the Junior 
National Squash Championships, the National Junior Track and 
Field Championships in Trinidad, and the Somerset Cricket Team in 
Dominica.

Health:

During 2010, Sagicor continued to provide significant support 
in the area of Health. Emphasis was placed on the prevention 
of non-communicable diseases, the promotion of healthy living 
and facilitating access to health-care. Throughout the Sagicor 
Group, funds were raised for organisations which are advocates 
for specific health issues. Sagicor Life supported the Trinidad and 
Tobago Cancer Society programme, which builds awareness about 
the disease in primary and secondary schools, and teaches about 
the lifestyle changes that can assist in preventing various forms of 
cancer. Sagicor Life Jamaica supported the Consie Walters Cancer 
Care Hospice, the Jamaica Cancer Society and MacMillan Cancer 

Support in the United Kingdom, an organisation that provides 
practical, emotional and financial support to people who live with 
cancer.

Another area supported was health care facilities catering 
specifically to children. These included the Bustamante Hospital 
for Children in Jamaica, for whom funds were raised through the 
Shakti Love Fest. This annual one-day health and fitness event was 
the brainchild of the Shaggy Make a Difference Foundation.

Sagicor Life (USA) participated once again in the annual telethons 
for Tampa Bay’s All Children’s Hospital and the Phoenix Children’s 
Hospital annual “Give for Kids” telethon. In addition to a corporate 
donation to each cause, staff members volunteered their time 
to make the telethons a success. The funds raised from both 
telethons go to ongoing support of the hospitals, purchase of 
advance medical technology and specialised medical treatments.

SaL supported the Great Ormond Street Hospital, so that it may 
remain at the forefront of international paediatric medicine, and 
continue to offer specialist, world-class care to thousands of 
patients every year.

The Stroke Association also benefitted from SaL. It is the only 
UK-wide charity solely concerned with combating stroke in people 
of all ages. Recognising that strokes have a greater disability 
impact than any other medical condition, the Stroke Association 
funds research into prevention, treatment and better methods of 
rehabilitation. It also helps stroke patients and their families cope 
with the effects of the disease through its Life After Stroke Services. 
These include Information, Advice and Support, Communication 
Support and Life After Stroke grants. In addition, the Association 
also crafts campaigns to educate, inform and increase knowledge 
and awareness of the disease at all levels of society.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

18

continued sponsorship of Sagicor Exodus, one of the island’s 
premier steel orchestras, entered its 6th year in 2010 and remains 
a rewarding community engagement. Other activities included 
support for Special Olympics, the B.T. Washington Elementary 
School in Tampa, Florida, Arthritis Foundation, Habitat for 
Humanity, and Lowery Park Zoo in the USA; British Heart 
Foundation, Royal British Legion, Lloyd’s Patriotic Fund and First 
Central Charity Auction in the United Kingdom; Scout Association 
of Jamaica, West regional Foundation for Disabled Children, 
Dare-to-Care children homes, the Jamaica Defence and Jamaica 
Constabulary Forces and Camp Yellow Bird, Wolmer Boys and 
William Knibb High Schools in Jamaica; The Optimists, Crime 
stoppers, Small Business Association.

2010 was the first year of a commitment made by SLI Trinidad 
and Tobago towards the upkeep of the Vitas House facility, which 
provides a sanctuary for those afflicted with cancer.

Education

The “Read with Big Red” program is sponsored by Sagicor USA. 
An Arizona Cardinals player and the Cardinals’ mascot, “Big Red”, 
visit elementary schools in the Phoenix area, where they read story 
books to the children. This program provides a fun and exciting 
way for young students to experience the joy of reading.

Sagicor USA also continues to collaborate with USF’s College of 
Business in a special project with the Marketing Faculty.

Sagicor Life Inc and PanCaribbean provided scholarships for 
University students. In the case of Sagicor Life Inc, Barbados, the 
awarding of these scholarships started approximately 20 years ago. 
In Trinidad and Tobago, Sagicor’s sponsorship of the Fulbright 
Scholarship stands as testimony to the fact that Education remains 
high on the company’s agenda. Supplementary to this effort was 
the establishment of a scholarship for studies in insurance at the 
University of the West Indies under the auspices of the Trinidad 
and Tobago Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors.

Sagicor Life Jamaica awarded scholarships to outstanding children 
of public sector workers for the duration of their high school 
career. They also continued their Adopt-A-School projects, in 
which company branches execute building projects and repair 
and beautification work for 12 basic schools across the Island. 
In-house health checks for vision, hearing and general health were 
conducted at each of the schools.

Several other organisations, schools, specific interest groups, 
community projects and sporting associations were supported 
by the Sagicor Group during the year. Trinidad and Tobago’s 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

19

 
 
 
 
1

2

3

5

1.  Sagicor branding at the Raymond James Stadium, home of the USF Bulls.
2.  Participants warming up before the 2010 Sigma Corporate Run in Jamaica.
3.  Presentation of cheque to the Trinidad & Tobago Cancer Society.
4.  Presentation of cheque to UNICEF Regional Representative towards their Haiti Relief Fund.
5.  Participants after a fundraising event for the Arthritis Foundation in Florida.

4

1

2

3

4

1.  Young players and their coaching staff at the Sagicor West 
Indies Cricket High Performance Centre, 3W’s Oval in 
Barbados. 

2.  The winning team of the Bago Sports Beach Football 

Invitational Tournament in Trinidad. 

3.  Presentation of cheque to the Jamaica Red Cross towards 

their Haiti relief efforts.

4.  A member of the Sagicor-sponsored Major League 

Baseball’s Tampa Bay Rays at a community outreach event.

HUMAN RESOURCES

Modern organisations can survive in the dynamic, competitive 
environment of today only if they capitalize on the full potential 
of each employee. In this regard, the Sagicor Group continues 
its focus on employee development through education, training 
and various programmes geared towards employee engagement, 
many of which are available online for convenience and ease of 
use. Many of our staff have successfully pursued, and have been 
awarded key industry designations during 2010. These include 
Fellow, Life Management Institute (FLMI), Associate, Insurance 
Agency Administration (AIAA) and Professional, Customer Service 
(PCS). In addition, Sagicor employees across the Group have 
gained Masters of Business Administration degrees and other 
degrees, at Masters level, across a spectrum of disciplines.

In addition to the above training programmes, Sagicor initiated a 
Memorandum of Understanding with the University of the West 
Indies in Trinidad and Tobago, for a Bachelor’s Degree in Risk 
Management and Insurance. The degree programme is expected 
to become part of the curriculum for the academic year, September 
2011. We will leverage opportunities for similar programmes for 
Management and Staff development in other regions.

In 2010, training facilitators embraced available technologies 
for remote training, using video conferencing facilities and 
“GoToMeeting”, for delivering Corporate Induction, Performance 
Management and Time Management programmes. Ongoing 
workshops on Anti-Money Laundering and our Code of Ethics and 
Business Conduct will be moving to online facilitation, thereby 
making delivery more convenient. These programmes are key to 
ensuring that our Management, Advisors and Staff are able to 
deliver a high quality of service to Customers, whilst maintaining 
the highest standards of integrity and full compliance with all legal 
and regulatory requirements.

During 2010, the Global Human Resources Task Force successfully 
introduced a new Group-wide talent management system internally 

branded ‘Sagicor Success’. The system includes modules in 
performance, talent and recruitment management, succession 
planning, and learning and development. It is anticipated that 
implementation will improve performance and productivity, 
enhance training, career development and succession planning, 
and provide Management with analytical reports for critical 
decision-making of our human capital. As part of this exercise, the 
Sagicor Group also moved to a new nine (9) grade salary structure. 
This initiative provides the following benefits:

(cid:116)(cid:1) Equity - all positions that require similar skills and experience 

are classified in the same grade.

(cid:116)(cid:1) Standardisation of competency requirements for each grade to 

facilitate consistent job evaluations,

(cid:116)(cid:1) A foundation for the standardisation of jobs, employee training 

and development programmes, and the harmonisation of 
benefits and rewards.

Sagicor Life Jamaica launched a three-year Customer Service 
Training programme to strengthen its customer service culture. 
Under the theme, “Service First”, it included workshops and 
themed programmes for all staff. Similar initiatives will be 
launched in other Group Companies in 2011.

Sagicor Life Inc launched the pilot for a Coaching Program 
facilitated by the Cave Hill School of Business. Initially rolled out 
in Barbados and Trinidad, this initiative will be expanded across 
Group companies in 2011. Managers will participate in practical, 
hands-on workshops which will focus on group-work and role-play. 
Coaching and mentoring enhance morale, motivation, productivity, 
and will support our efforts to improve employee engagement.

Employee engagement continued to be at the forefront of 
initiatives across the Group for 2010. Using the independent 
services of LOMA, Group companies conducted employee opinion 
surveys. These reports provided employee feedback on key issues, 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

22

and helped to guide Management’s decisions for employee 
participation and satisfaction. Sagicor USA focused their efforts 
on benefits education for Staff and introduced “Benetrac”, a 
system allowing for Online Benefits Enrolment and Maintenance. 
Sagicor Life Jamaica hosted a motivational seminar, which included 
internationally renowned speakers, Les Brown and Susan Taylor.

During the year, multiple events were hosted across the Group to 
recognise and reward team members for their dedication and high 
performance, and to foster social interaction. Our Family Fun Days, 
our Wellness Programmes and Healthy Lifestyle activities have 
become important social events on our calendar.

won by Kareem Prescod from Trinidad, is awarded for outstanding 
contribution in the areas of new business, service above and 
beyond the call of duty and/or commitment to excellent service.

The Employee of the Year Award recognises outstanding 
contribution for customer service, creativity and innovation and 
demonstrating all the qualities that best exemplify the Sagicor 
Spirit including sound knowledge of our business, wise judgment 
that has led to business development and good corporate citizenry. 
For 2010, the winners were Maritza Pottinger, USA; Earlene Davis, 
Trinidad; Victoria Dalrymple, Barbados and Wayne Thorpe of 
Jamaica.

Our reward and recognition programmes culminated in 
recognising the best employees across geographical boundaries. 
These Group- level awards are judged by an external panel of three 
regionally eminently qualified persons. The Contributor of the Year, 

The Sagicorian is recognised as the most outstanding Employee 
of the Year in the Sagicor Group. Wayne Thorpe of Sagicor Life 
Jamaica won this coveted title in 2010.

Maritza Pottinger

Earlene Davis

Victoria Dalrymple

Wayne Thorpe

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

23

 
 
 
 
Amongst our Advisors, the leading producers in individual life 
sales, in their specific territory were Patricia Gilding, Barbados; 
Rudolf Coelho, Capital Life; Cheryl Rolle, Eastern Caribbean; Rosa 
Rengifo, Panama, and Winston Williams, Trinidad & Tobago. USA. 
In the area of Group Life & Health, the leading producers for 2010 
were Gay Griffith, Barbados; Abel Simpson, Capital Life; Dane Vigo, 
Eastern Caribbean and Patti Hudson, Trinidad & Tobago.

Sagicor continues to focus heavily on rewards and recognition 
as we believe that these programmes and initiatives foster a 
performance based culture and encourage our Managers, Advisors 
and Staff to give of their best, especially in these challenging times.

Patricia Gilding

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

24

Rudolf Coelho

Cheryl Rolle

Rosa Rengifo

Winston Williams

Your aspirations are 
your possibilities.

1987 – 1999  
Winds of Change – Demutualisation

The mid-1980’s was the springboard for the development 
of the modern company and The Mutual saw 
unprecedented growth. In 1987 it established Mutual 
Finance and acquired Travelers Overseas, renamed 
Capital Life. This acquisition expanded its portfolio by 
30%, added 10,000 new policyholders, and extended 
its operations from eight to fifteen territories, by adding 
Aruba, Curacao, St Maarten, Belize, Haiti,  
Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas.

In 1999, two more acquisitions were made in the 
Caribbean - Island Life in Jamaica and Nationwide 
Insurance Company in Trinidad and Tobago

During this period, The Mutual also increased its 
commitment to community affairs and built its  
reputation role as a good corporate citizen.

Let go of the past and go confidently in the 
direction of your dreams.

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW

(amounts expressed in US currency unless otherwise stated)

INCOME - $ millions

Overview

2010 was a year in which the economic environment remained 
difficult for many of the major economies. Growth remained 
slow and unemployment levels remained high. In the Caribbean, 
the international effects were felt as many economies which are 
dependent on tourism saw a significant decline in earnings from 
this sector.

Net premium revenue

Net investment income

Fees and other revenues

Total revenue

Net benefits

Expenses

Income taxes

In this environment, the Sagicor Group made steady progress. Our 
Caribbean operations continue to enjoy a strong position in the 
marketplace and generated good results. The Sagicor at Lloyd’s 
operations suffered from international property claims arising 
from natural disasters and from a very poor experience in motor 
insurance.

Group net income

Fair value reserve gains (net)

Retranslation of foreign currency operations

Total comprehensive income

Revenue

2010

2009

restated

901

293

62

843

294

68

1,256

1,205

(770)

(429)

(15)

42

33

6

81

(708)

(390)

(19)

88

26

(13)

101

Group net income for the year was $42 million, contributing 
to total comprehensive income of $81 million. The restated 
2009 results were Group net income of $88 million and total 
comprehensive income of $101 million.

The tables below summarise the components of income and 
comprehensive income for 2010 and 2009.

Sagicor recorded total revenue of $1,256 million for 2010, an 
increase of $51 million or 4% over 2009’s total.

Net premium revenue in 2010 totalled $901 million, up from $843 
million recorded in 2009. The components of this revenue are as 
follows:

NET PREMIUM REVENUE – $ millions
Life insurance

Annuity

Health insurance

Property and casualty insurance

Net premium revenue

2010

2009

294

128

129

350

901

280

173

141

249

843

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

28

Life insurance premium grew by 5% to $294 million. Annuity 
premium, which has a substantial proportion of single premiums, 
declined by 36% to $128 million. Health insurance premium 
declined by 9% to $129 million; the decline is a consequence 
of the Group’s exit at the end of 2009 from this market in the 
Cayman Islands. Property and casualty insurance premium grew 
substantially by 41% to total $350 million in 2010. This growth 
came principally from Sagicor at Lloyd’s.

represent (i) the amounts due to policyholders which arise during 
the year and (ii) the amounts expensed during the year for future 
amounts payable to policyholders. After deducting reinsurance 
recoveries, the net amounts are disclosed in the next table.

Interest expense represents the interest returns to contract-holders 
and financial institutions which place or advance funds to the 
Group to earn interest and, in some instances, capital returns.

The table below summarises the net insurance benefits and 
interest expense for 2010 and 2009.

Net investment income for 2010 amounted to $293 million, a 
decrease of $1 million from 2009’s total. Interest income is the 
main component of investment income. Investment yields were 
lower especially in the Jamaica market where the Government 
introduced a debt exchange program and issued lower yielding 
securities. The interest yields of the principal assets classes are 
summarised in the table below.

NET BENEFITS – $ millions

Life insurance

Annuity

INTEREST YIELDS

Debt securities

Mortgage loans

Policy loans

2010

2009

Amounts expensed for future benefits

8.1%

8.3%

8.6%

9.8%

8.6%

8.6%

Health insurance

Property and casualty insurance

Net insurance benefits

Finance loans and finance leases

11.4% 12.9%

Interest expense

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

5.6% 15.5%

Net benefits

Deposits

2.5%

2.9%

2010

2009

restated

132

78

145

94

243

692

78

770

118

73

164

115

136

606

102

708

Fees and other revenue totalled $62 million in 2010 as compared 
to $68 million in 2009. With the strengthening of the Jamaica 
dollar in 2010, there was a reversal of the foreign exchange gains 
traditionally recorded by Sagicor’s Jamaica operations.

Benefits, expenses and taxes

The Group recorded net insurance benefits of $692 million in 2010, 
an increase of $86 million over 2009’s total. Insurance benefits 

In the foregoing table, life insurance and annuity benefits comprise 
amounts which become due to policyholders and beneficiaries 
during the year. Life insurance benefits grew by 11% when 
compared to the previous year. Annuity benefits grew by $5 million 
to $78 million in 2010. The amounts expensed for future benefits 
are principally in respect of life insurance and annuity policies. 
These represent the amounts the Group should prudently set aside 
in order to fund future benefits of inforce policies. The amount 
expensed in 2010 amounted to $145 million, a decrease of $19 
million from 2009. The amount expensed is influenced by the 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

29

 
 
 
 
quantum of single premiums written which were significantly lower 
in 2010.

in these expenses is consistent with the growth experienced in 
premium revenue.

Health insurance benefits declined by $21 million in 2010 
in comparison to 2009’s total. $15 million of the decline is 
attributable to the Group’s exit at the end of 2009 from this 
market in the Cayman Islands. In addition, the Group experienced 
improved claims ratios on its continuing health business.

Property and casualty (P&C) insurance benefits comprise amounts 
due and paid on policy contracts during the year and the estimates 
of claims incurred during the year, but not reported to the Group. 
P&C benefits grew substantially to $243 million in 2010. Included 
in this growth is a worsening net claims ratio, which increased to 
69% in 2010 from 55% in 2009.

There was a reduction in interest expense in 2010 when compared 
to 2009. This reflects the trend of reduced investment yields, 
particularly in Jamaica, where the Group has a significant banking 
operation. The interest yields of the principal liability classes are 
summarised in the following table.

INTEREST YIELDS

Investment contracts

Other funding instruments

Customer deposits

2010

2009

8.3%

2.0%

5.3%

8.1%

2.4%

6.7%

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

7.4% 11.8%

In 2010, the Group recorded total expenses of $429 million. 
These included administrative expenses of $212 million and 
commissions and related expenses to agents and brokers of $174 
million. Administrative expenses increased 7% over 2009’s total 
and commissions increased 16% over 2009’s total. The growth 

Income taxes are levied on the investment income of certain life 
insurance subsidiaries of the Group, and on net income before 
tax on most of the remaining Group companies. Total investment 
income and net income subject to taxation declined to $128 million 
compared to $133 million in 2009. The resulting tax charge in 2010 
was $15 million, a reduction of $4 million from the previous year.

Group net income and total comprehensive income

During the year, the Group changed its accounting policy for 
recording changes in actuarial liabilities which result directly 
from the fair value movements of assets which are booked 
in other comprehensive income. The new policy is to record 
those movements in actuarial liabilities in other comprehensive 
income. The policy achieves a better matching of asset fair 
value movements and the consequential changes in actuarial 
liabilities. The 2009 results have been restated to conform to the 
revised accounting policy, resulting in a decrease in net benefits 
of $24 million and an increase in income tax of $7 million. These 
amounts which net to $17 million have been reclassified to other 
comprehensive income under the revised accounting policy.

Group net income for 2010 totalled $42 million as compared to a 
restated $88 million for 2009.

In other comprehensive income, the Group recorded in 2010 an 
increase of $33 million in the fair value reserves (including the 
consequential movements in actuarial liabilities). The comparable 
result for 2009 was $26 million. The Group also recorded gains 
on the retranslation of foreign currency operations in 2010 of $6 
million (2009 – losses of $13million). The turnaround is a result of 
the strengthening of the Jamaica dollar.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

30

In summary, the Group’s total comprehensive income for 2010 was 
$81 million, a reduction of $20 million from the prior year’s result.

Allocation of income to shareholders

The Group’s net income and comprehensive income are allocated 
ultimately to the equity owners of the respective Group companies 
in accordance with their results. As some Group companies have 
minority shareholders, particularly in Jamaica, the Group’s net 
income is allocated accordingly between Sagicor shareholders 
and the minority interest shareholders. There is also an allocation 
to Sagicor Life Inc policyholders who hold participating policies. 
This latter arrangement was established on the demutualisation of 
Sagicor Life Inc.

Accordingly, the income attributable to shareholders was $17 
million (2009 - $67 million), representing earnings per share of  
6 cents and a modest return on shareholders’ equity of 3%. Other 
comprehensive income attributable to shareholders totalled $21 
million (2009 - $16 million).

Operating Segments

The table below presents the management structure of the Group.  

Sagicor 
Financial 
Corporation
(Head Office)

Sagicor 
Europe 
(Sagicor 
at Lloyd’s)

Sagicor  
Life 
Inc

Sagicor 
Life 
Jamaica

Sagicor 
USA

Other 
Operating 
Companies

Sagicor Financial Corporation is a holding company and does not 
engage directly in trading activities. Most trading activities are 
carried out by Group companies within the principal operating 
segments, namely Sagicor Life Inc, Sagicor Life Jamaica, Sagicor 
Europe and Sagicor USA. The contribution of each of these to 
income and comprehensive income is considered and discussed in 
the following sections.

Sagicor Life Inc Segment

The Sagicor Life Inc segment consists of the life insurance 
subsidiaries which conduct business in Barbados, Trinidad and 
Tobago, the Eastern and Dutch Caribbean islands, Belize and 
Panama.

The main activities of the segment are the provision of life and 
health insurance, retirement accumulation savings, annuities, 
mortgages, pension investment and pension administration 
services.

This segment generated $311 million in total revenue for 2010, 
a marginal increase over the prior year. Net premium revenue 
advanced to $216 million, with growth being recorded in the 
Trinidad and Tobago and Dutch Caribbean markets.

Net benefits incurred totalled $185 million in 2010, as compared 
to $173 million in the previous year. Compared to 2009, declining 
investment yields was a feature in most territories. This impacted 
the actuarial assumptions used for valuation of life insurance 
and annuity liabilities, generating a higher liability as a result. 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

31

 
 
 
 
Administrative and commission expenses recorded increases of $5 
million.

In summary, the Sagicor Life Inc segment recorded total 
comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of $30 million 
in 2010, a reduction from the 2009 result of $44 million.

SAGICOR LIFE INC SEGMENT

INCOME - $ millions

Net premium revenue

Net investment income

Fees and other revenues

Segment revenue

Net benefits

Expenses

Income taxes

Segment income

Income attributable to shareholders

Comprehensive income attributable to 
shareholders

2010

2009

restated

216

80

15

311

209

77

14

300

(185)

(173)

(92)

(5)

29

30

30

(86)

(5)

36

40

44

The overall Segment net income totalled $29 million as compared 
to a restated $36 million for 2009. After adjusting for the net 
income or loss attributable to the participating policyholders 
of Sagicor Life Inc, the net income attributable to shareholders 
totalled $30 million and $40 million for 2010 and 2009 respectively. 
Notwithstanding the decline from 2009, the 2010 performance 
is in line with management’s expectations since the favourable 
investment yield assumption for 2009 was not projected to 
continue.

Unrealised investment gains had a more beneficial impact on other 
comprehensive income in 2009 than in 2010.

Sagicor Life Jamaica segment

This segment comprises Group subsidiaries in Jamaica and 
Cayman Islands conducting insurance under the Sagicor brand, 
and banking and other financial services under the PanCaribbean 
Financial Services (PCFS) brand. The principal products of 
the segment are the provision of life, critical illness and health 
insurance, annuities, pension administration, investment 
management, securities dealing and commercial banking.

During 2010, the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) implemented the 
Jamaica Debt Exchange program (JDX). The JDX was a program to 
exchange the majority of existing GOJ domestic debt instruments 
for new debt instruments having longer maturities and lower 
coupon rates. The exchange date for the new debt instruments was 
February 24, 2010. Sagicor’s Jamaica operations participated in the 
JDX.

As a large holder of long-term GOJ bonds, the JDX program had a 
negative impact on current and expected future bond yields. This 
reduction in bond yields affected the segment’s 2010 investment 
income. The future bond yields impact the assumptions used in 
computing the actuarial liabilities. This was reflected in the 2009 
computation of actuarial liabilities and remained effective for the 
2010 computation. In addition, the interest rates payable on non-
insurance liabilities also declined in 2010.

With the implementation of the JDX and other fiscal and economic 
measures by the GOJ under an International Monetary Fund 
Standby Agreement, Jamaica in 2010 continued to experience lower 
inflation than in the relatively recent past. In 2010 the Jamaica 
dollar currency (JMD) experienced an overall strengthening when 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

32

translated to the US dollar (USD), moving from an exchange rate 
of JMD89:USD1 to JMD86:USD1 over the course of the year.

SAGICOR LIFE JAMAICA SEGMENT

Net premium revenue totalled $213 million a reduction of $19 
million from 2009’s total. The reduction is a consequence of the 
disposal effective January 1, 2010 of Sagicor General Insurance 
(Cayman) Limited (SGC), which generated $22 million in premium 
revenue in 2009. Net investment income recorded was $157 
million in 2010, a decrease of $10 million over 2009’s total. Fees 
and other revenue totalled $20 million in 2010, a decline of some 
$13 million when compared to 2009. A reversal of foreign exchange 
gains and the disposal of SGC are contributing factors for this 
variance.

As a result of the foregoing, total revenue in the segment declined 
by $42 million in comparison to 2009.

Net benefits incurred in 2010 were $213 million, a decline of $39 
million when compared to 2009. $17 million of this reduction is 
attributable to the disposal of SGC. Interest expense declined by 
$21 million as explained in a foregoing paragraph.

Expenses recorded a slight decline of $3 million and income taxes 
remained constant at $9 million.

INCOME - $ millions
Net premium revenue

Net investment income

Fees and other revenues

Segment revenue

Net benefits

Expenses

Income taxes

Segment income

Income attributable to shareholders

Comprehensive income attributable to 
shareholders

2010

2009

213

157

20

390

(213)

(112)

(9)

56

32

54

232

167

33

432

(252)

(115)

(9)

56

34

31

The segment achieved net income of $56 million in 2010, which 
remained unchanged in comparison to 2009. After adjusting for 
minority interests, the income attributable to shareholders for 
the two years totalled $32 million and $34 million respectively. 
It should be noted that the Sagicor Group reduced its effective 
interest in the PCFS Group of companies from 64% to 51% 
in November 2009. This resulted in the reduction in income 
attributable to shareholders.

Other comprehensive income included $28 million (2009 - $21 
million) in unrealised investment gains. Due to the strengthening 
of the JMD in 2010, the segment recorded a currency translation 
gain of $10 million as compared to a currency translation loss 
of $22 million in 2009. These movements contributed to the 
overall $22 million other comprehensive income attributable to 
shareholders.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

33

 
 
 
 
In summary, the segment contributed $54 million total 
comprehensive income attributable to shareholders in 2010, in 
contrast to the corresponding figure of $31 million for 2009.

Sagicor Europe Segment

This segment comprises the Sagicor at Lloyd’s business which 
consists primarily of property and casualty (P&C) insurance 
business written through Lloyd’s of London Syndicate 1206. 
The principal insurance lines underwritten by this syndicate are 
in respect of personal accident, property, liability and motor 
risks. The Lloyd’s of London franchise enables the syndicate to 
write international business outside of the United Kingdom. A 
substantial proportion of the syndicate’s property business is 
international.

2010 was a very disappointing year for this segment. Earthquakes 
were recorded in Chile in February and in New Zealand in 
September. While there were no major hurricanes affecting 
North America and the Caribbean, the claims generated from the 
aforementioned earthquakes adversely affected the 2010 results.

In addition, the direct motor insurance class, underwriting motor 
risks in the UK, experienced exceptionally high levels of incurred 
claims. A trend of escalating claims became critical late in the year. 
Notwithstanding the implementation of premium rate increases 
as the year progressed, the claims experience continued to 
worsen. Other syndicates in the Lloyd’s UK insurance market also 
experienced very poor results.

Net premium revenue for the year totalled $345 million, an 
increase of $94 million over 2009’s figure. Increases were recorded 
across motor, property and liability insurance lines. Foreign 
exchange gains contributed to the increase in other revenue of $4 
million.

Net benefits grew to $236 million from $127 million in 2009. The 
overall net claims ratio incurred in 2010 for the P&C insurance 
lines was 70%, an increase of 17% from the 53% net claims ratio 
incurred in 2009.

Total expenses increased in 2010 over 2009’s total by $33 million. 
Additional commissions costs and administrative expenses were 
incurred in support of the increase in premium revenue recorded.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) require that 
non-monetary deferred premiums and commissions are brought 
into the income statement at the rates of exchange prevailing on 
the dates of inception of the premiums. Because this applies to 
premium and commissions, and not to the corresponding claims 
and administrative expenses, it means that IFRS requires different 
rates of exchange for different types of transactions in the income 
statement.

The items in the table below, up to and including segment income 
before FX (foreign exchange) unwinding, have all been converted 
at consistent rates of exchange. The amount of FX unwinding 
disclosed in the table below is the net adjustment required to 
comply with IFRS.

The amount of FX unwinding was minimal in 2010 as exchange 
rate movements of the Pounds Sterling to the other operating 
currencies did not have a significant impact. In 2009, the impact 
was quite significant, generating an expense of $9 million.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

34

SAGICOR EUROPE SEGMENT

INCOME - $ millions
Net premium revenue

Net investment income

Fees and other revenues

Segment revenue

Net benefits

Expenses

Income taxes

2010

345

3

7

355

(236)

(136)

3

Segment (loss) / income before FX unwinding

(14)

FX unwinding

Segment (loss) / income

(Loss) / income attributable to shareholders

Comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to 
shareholders

1

(13)

(13)

(15)

2009

251

2

3

256

(127)

(103)

(3)

23

(9)

14

14

18

opposed to periodic premium polices which prevail in Sagicor’s 
Caribbean markets.

Sagicor has continued to maintain the success in this market which 
was established in 2009. Total settled annualised premium in 2010 
was $116 million, of which $74 million comprised annuities and 
$42 million comprised life insurance products. Settled premium 
for 2009 totalled $143 million, comprising annuities $94 million 
and life insurance $49 million. Consequently, net premium revenue 
in 2010 totalling $120 million declined from 2009’s total of $153 
million.

Net investment income grew by $6 million to $41 million in 2010, 
the increase arising from the larger quantum of assets invested 
throughout 2010.

Consistent with the reduction in premium revenue, total net 
benefits declined by $23 million to $122 million.

In 2010, expenses and income taxes were broadly consistent with 
the prior year amounts.

Other comprehensive income includes a charge of $2 million for 
the retranslation of the Group’s investment in the segment. The 
retranslation is done from Pounds Sterling, which is the functional 
currency of the segment, to USD. In 2009, a retranslation gain of 
$4 million was recorded.

Accordingly, in 2010 the total comprehensive loss for this segment 
totalled $15 million (2009 – income of $18 million).

Sagicor USA segment

This segment comprises the USA operations of Sagicor. Life 
insurance and annuity products are offered in this segment. The 
USA market has a strong appetite for single premium policies, as 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

35

 
 
 
 
SAGICOR USA SEGMENT

INCOME - $ millions

Net premium revenue

Net investment income

Fees and other revenue

Segment revenue

Net benefits

Expenses

Income taxes

Segment income

Income attributable to shareholders

Comprehensive income attributable to 
shareholders

2010

2009

restated

120

41

2

163

153

35

2

190

(122)

(145)

(36)

(2)

3

3

7

(37)

(3)

5

5

10

The segment generated net income of $3 million for 2010, 
compared to a figure of $5 million in 2009. In other comprehensive 
income unrealised investment gains were the principal feature.

In summary, the total comprehensive income attributable to this 
segment for 2010 was $7 million.

Statement of Financial Position

In the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position, assets 
totalled $4,867 million, an increase of $407 million during 2010. 
Liabilities grew by $350 million during the year to reach $4,128 
million. This growth in assets and liabilities has been generated 
internally from operations.

As of December 31, 2010, total equity amounted to $739 million, of 
which shareholders’ equity amounted to $566 million.  

With 289 million common shares outstanding, the book value per 
share was $1.96, up from $1.86 at the beginning of the year.

Consolidated assets, liabilities and capital are discussed in the 
following three sections.

Assets

The Group’s primary assets are its investments comprising debt 
securities, loans, deposits, equity securities and investment 
property. These investments back the insurance and financial 
liabilities assumed by the Group. The distribution of investments 
and cash is summarised in the following table.

INVESTMENTS & CASH

2010

2009

$ millions % $ millions %

Government debt securities

1,497

Corporate and other debt securities

1,111

Total debt securities

2,608

Loans and finance leases

Deposits and repo securities

Cash

Equity securities

Investment property

Associated companies and other 
items

565

340

219

112

119

45

37

28

65

14

9

5

3

3

1

1,350

874

2,224

572

357

196

117

117

37

38

24

62

16

10

5

3

3

1

4,008

100

3,620

100

Debt securities remain the principal class of investment held 
by the Group, comprising 65% of the total. Of this percentage, 
37% comprises government securities, while corporate and other 
securities comprise 28%.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

36

The remaining assets totalled $859 million (2009 - $840 million). 
The more significant balances comprising this total are reinsurance 
assets of $282 million, property plant and equipment of $131 
million, premium receivables of $145 million, and intangible assets 
of $123 million.

no significant insurance risk, and supplement our life insurance 
and annuity suite of products. Securities sold under agreements 
to repurchase, customer deposits and a significant proportion of 
other funding instruments represent the liabilities arising from 
our banking, investment management and securities dealing 
operations.

Liabilities

The Group’s principal activities consist of accepting insurance risks 
from policyholders and of accepting funds from depositors and 
lending institutions. The liabilities which arise from these activities 
are summarised in the following table.

The remaining liabilities totalled $432 million (2009 - $452 million). 
Included in this total are notes and loans payable of $182 million, 
amounts due to reinsurers and policyholders of $80 million and 
general payables and accruals of $108 million.

OPERATING LIABILITIES

2010

2009

Capital

Life and annuity insurance 
contracts

Health insurance contracts

Property and casualty insurance 
contracts

Investment contracts

Securities sold under agreements 
to repurchase

Customer deposits

Other funding instruments and 
other items

$ millions % $ millions %

1,840

50

1,689

41

537

294

576

174

234

1

14

8

16

5

6

41

385

304

501

168

238

51

1

12

9

15

5

7

3,696

100

3,326

100

The provision of life insurance and annuity contracts remains 
a core product line of Sagicor. Liabilities from these contracts 
represent some 50% of the Group’s operating liabilities. Property 
and casualty insurance contracts are a significant product line 
forming 14% of operating liabilities. Investment contracts carry 

The capital resources of the Group consist of equity, debt and off 
balance sheet contingent debt. Capital resources are summarised 
in the following table.

CAPITAL RESOURCES - $ millions
Sagicor shareholders’ equity

Minority shareholders’ equity

Total equity

Total debt

Off balance sheet contingent debt

Total capital resources

2010

2009

566

169

735

182

34

951

538

138

676

201

35

912

There have been no new external sources of capital during the year. 
There were however debt repayments of $14 million during the year 
as a Group company partially repaid its preference shares and as 
certain other debt obligations were repaid. The result is a debt to 
equity ratio of approximately 25% at the end of 2010 compared to a 
ratio of 29% a year before.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

37

 
 
 
 
performance of Sagicor at Lloyd’s was a major disappointment. 
The combination of earthquakes in two countries with a history 
of infrequent exposure to such disasters and an adverse claims 
experience in underwriting UK motor risks meant that this segment 
of our business incurred a significant loss.

The economic and financial landscape continues to exhibit 
challenges which will influence the Group’s performance in the 
foreseeable future. Particular attention has to be drawn to the 
natural disasters which have occurred early in 2011 in Queensland 
Australia, Christchurch New Zealand and in Japan. Unfortunately, 
these events will adversely affect the results of Sagicor at Lloyd’s in 
2011.

In recent years, Sagicor’s operations have become more diverse, 
entering the USA and Lloyd’s insurance markets. Management 
believes that diversification strengthens the Group’s ability to 
deliver consistently favourable results to shareholders over time. 
In 2011, the Group will continue to refine its strategies to take 
advantage of the opportunities available and to make adjustments 
when it is fitting to do so.

Shareholders’ equity increased by $28 million during the year. The 
increase largely arose from total comprehensive income of $38 
million which was offset by dividends declared of $12 million. 
Minority interests increased during the year to $169 million from 
$138 million. The increased is explained by total comprehensive 
income generated of $44 million offset by dividends paid of $9 
million and a disposal of $4 million.

The Group maintained its off balance sheet letter of credit facility 
which supports the Sagicor at Lloyd’s operations. The change in 
the balance is attributable to exchange rate movements.

The Group is subject to a number of capital adequacy standards 
for its insurance, banking, investment management and securities 
dealing operations. In addition, in some Caribbean jurisdictions 
where there are no prevailing international capital adequacy 
insurance standards, the Group has voluntarily adopted a standard 
for its subsidiaries operating in those countries. The Group meets 
the prevailing capital adequacy standards and the standards it has 
voluntarily adopted.

The principal standard followed by the Group is the Canadian 
Minimum Continuing Capital and Surplus Ratio (MCCSR), which 
was a consolidated 224% for the Group as of December 31, 2010, 
well in excess of the minimum recommended requirement of 
150%. The MCCSR is a standard for life insurance operations. 
The Group’s major property and casualty operation is Sagicor at 
Lloyd’s, which is subject to and complies with the capital standards 
established by Lloyd’s of London and by the Financial Services 
Authority of the United Kingdom.

Conclusion

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

For Sagicor 2010 was a year of mixed results. Our Caribbean 
businesses performed well in a weak economic environment. 
Our US business continues to demonstrate promise. The 

38

Believe you can and 
you’re half way there.

2000  Rebirth 
Sagicor

In 2001, Sagicor acquired Life of Jamaica. Operations of 
Island Life and Life of Jamaica were amalgamated and 
the company was subsequently rebranded to Sagicor Life 
Jamaica Limited in 2008.

In November 2002, after 162 years as a mutual company, 
policyholders overwhelmingly agreed to demutualise. To 
mark the rebirth the Company was rebranded Sagicor, 
a combination of two words: “Sage” meaning wise and 
“Cor” for heart or judgment.

Sagicor Financial Corporation was established in 2002 
with 45,000 of its policyholders as shareholders. The 
company’s Initial Public Offering was oversubscribed by 
162%. Sagicor was first listed in 2003 on the Barbados 
Stock Exchange and a year later on the Trinidad and 
Tobago Stock Exchange.

To accomplish  
great things,  
we must not only act,  
but also dream;  
not only plan,  
but also  
believe.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

STEPHEN McNAMARA, 
60, was appointed Non-
Executive Chairman on 
January 1, 2010, having 
formerly served as Vice-
Chairman since June 
2007. He has been an 
independent Director 
since December 2002, 
and is a citizen of  

St Lucia and Ireland. He is a British-trained Attorney-at-law, and 
is the Senior Partner of McNamara & Company, Attorneys-at-Law 
of St Lucia. Mr McNamara was elected to the Board of Sagicor 
Life Inc in 1997. He is Chairman of the Group’s main operating 
subsidiary, Sagicor Life Inc, and also of Sagicor Capital Life 
Insurance Company Limited, Sagicor USA, and Sagicor Finance 
Inc. He is also a Director of a number of other subsidiaries within 
the Group.

ANDREW ALEONG, 50, 
has been an independent 
Director since June 
2005, and is a citizen 
of Trinidad and Tobago. 
He holds an MBA from 
the Richard Ivey School 
of Business, University 
of Western Ontario, 
Canada. Mr Aleong is 
Group Managing Director of the Albrosco Group of Companies, 
Trinidad and Tobago, and has served the Trinidad and Tobago 
manufacturing industry for over 20 years. He is a former President 
of the Trinidad and Tobago Manufacturers’ Association. Mr Aleong 
also serves as a Director of a number of private companies. He 
was elected a Director of Sagicor Life Inc in 2005, and is also a 
Director of Sagicor Capital Life and a number of other subsidiaries 
within the Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

42

PROFESSOR  
SIR HILARY BECKLES, 
K.A., 55, has been an 
independent Director 
since June 2005, and is 
a citizen of Barbados. 
Sir Hilary earned his PhD 
from Hull University, 
United Kingdom, and 
received an Honorary 
Doctorate of Letters from the same University in 2003. He has 
served as the Head of the History Department and Dean of the 
Faculty of Humanities, University of the West Indies. In 1998, he 
was appointed Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Undergraduate Studies and, 
in 2002, the Principal of Cave Hill Campus. Sir Hilary has published 
widely on Caribbean economic history, cricket history and culture 
and higher education, and serves on the Editorial Boards of several 
academic journals. He has lectured in Africa, Asia, Europe and the 
Americas. He was elected a Director of Sagicor Life Inc in 2005, 
and is also a Director of Sagicor Life Jamaica and a number of 
other subsidiaries within the Group.

PETER CLARKE, 56, has 
been an independent 
Director since June 
2010, and is a citizen 
of Trinidad and Tobago. 
He obtained a Bachelor 
of Arts degree from Yale 
University and a Law 
degree from Downing 
College, Cambridge 
University. He was called to the Bar as a member of Grays Inn, 
London, in 1979, and to the Bar of Trinidad and Tobago in 1980. He 
is a Financial Consultant with a 22-year career in stockbroking. From 
1984 to 2000 he was the Managing Director of Money Managers 
Limited, one of the leading stockbrokers in Trinidad and Tobago. 
On the acquisition of Money Managers by West Indies Stockbrokers 
Limited (WISE), he became Managing Director of WISE in 2000 
and was appointed its Chief Executive in 2001 until his retirement 
in 2005. Between 1980 and 1984 he practised as a Barrister-at-
Law in private practice in Trinidad and Tobago. Mr Clarke is a 
Director of a number of companies in Trinidad and Tobago, and a 
former Chairman and Director of the Trinidad and Tobago Stock 
Exchange. He is also a member of the University of the West Indies 
Development and Endowment Fund and the Finance Council of the 
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Port of Spain. From 2002 to 2005 he 
was a Director of the Trinidad and Tobago Chamber of Industry and 
Commerce, and from 1992 to 1995 was a member of the Betting 
Levy Board and Deputy Chairman of the Trinidad and Tobago Free 
Zones Company. Mr Clarke was elected a Director of Sagicor Life 
Inc in August 2010, and is also a Director of a number of other 
subsidiaries within the Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

43

 
 
 
 
DR JEANNINE COMMA, 
60, has been an 
independent Director 
since June 2007, and 
is a citizen of Trinidad 
and Tobago. She holds 
a PhD from George 
Washington University, 
Washington, DC, USA, 
and is also a graduate 

CHRISTOPHER  
DE CAIRES, 55, has been 
an independent Director 
since June 2005, and is 
a Citizen of Barbados, 
Guyana and the United 
Kingdom. He is a 
Chartered Accountant 
and holds an MBA from 
Henley Management 

of the University of the Virgin Islands. Dr Comma is CEO/Director 
of the Cave Hill School of Business of the University of the West 
Indies, where she specialises in organisational development, 
strategy and leadership development. She has made significant 
contributions to the sustainable development of human capital 
within the regional business community. Dr Comma has extensive 
experience in Leadership Development, Organisational Strategic 
Planning and Change Management. She has also taught at 
the undergraduate and graduate levels at George Washington 
University, Howard University, Washington, DC, and the University 
of the West Indies. She is a member of The American Society for 
Training and Development and the Commonwealth Association of 
Public Administration and Management (CAPAM). Dr Comma was 
elected a Director of Sagicor Life Inc in 2006, and is also a Director 
of Sagicor Capital Life and a number of other subsidiaries within 
the Group.

College, United Kingdom. He is the Managing Director of the 
Fednav Group, a private international shipping company, and 
has significant experience in management and financial services. 
Mr de Caires is a former Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers 
where he was responsible for corporate finance, business advisory, 
international business and trust services in the Caribbean. He has 
also served as President of the Institute of Chartered Accountants 
of Barbados, and as Chairman of a number of Government and 
national institutions. He was elected a Director of Sagicor Life Inc 
in 2005, and is also a Director of PanCaribbean Financial Services, 
Sagicor USA, and a number of other subsidiaries within the Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

44

JOYCE DEAR, 67, has 
been an independent 
Director since August 
2006, and is a citizen 
of Barbados. She is a 
Fellow of the Association 
of Chartered Certified 
Accountants of the 
United Kingdom, and 
holds an MBA from the 

MARJORIE  
FYFFE-CAMPBELL 
(formerly Marjorie 
Chevannes-Campbell), 
59, has been an 
independent Director 
since June 2005, and 
is a citizen of Jamaica. 
She holds an MSc in 
Accounting from the 

University of Warwick. She is also a Member of the Hospitality 
Financial and Technology Professionals. She was, until 2004, a 
Partner in the Assurance and Business Advisory Services Division 
of PricewaterhouseCoopers in Barbados. Mrs Dear has over 
31 years’ experience in rendering audit and financial services 
to a wide variety of industries, including public companies, 
tourism and hospitality entities, manufacturing companies, 
statutory corporations and international funding agencies/
government-financed programs and projects. Mrs Dear was the 
PricewaterhouseCoopers Industry Lead Partner for the public 
service assignments, and is a past President of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants of Barbados. She is a former Director of a 
general insurance company in Barbados, and is also the Vice-Chair 
of the subsidiary, Globe Finance Inc.

University of the West Indies, and is a Member of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants of Jamaica and of the Hospitality, Financial 
and Technology Professionals. She is a former President and Chief 
Executive Officer of the Urban Development Corporation, Jamaica, 
a large property-owning company that manages several entities 
such as hotels, attractions, a maintenance company, a water 
supply company, a shopping centre, a conference centre and a 
golf course. Mrs Fyffe-Campbell is a part-time Lecturer in Financial 
and Management Accounting at the Mona School of Business 
of the University of the West Indies, where she is also pursuing a 
Doctorate in Business Administration with emphasis on corporate 
governance. She was elected a Director of Sagicor Life Jamaica in 
2002, and is also a Director of other subsidiaries within the Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

45

 
 
 
 
RICHARD KELLMAN, 59, 
was elected as a Director 
in June 2009, and was 
appointed Group Chief 
Operating Officer on 
November 1, 2009. He is 
a citizen of Guyana and 
of the United Kingdom. 
He holds a BSc in 
Statistics from University 

College, London University, and is a Fellow of the Institute of 
Actuaries and an Associate of the Society of Actuaries. He has also 
attended training programs at Harvard Business School and has 
completed other financial, investment and management training 
courses. Mr Kellman is a financial services professional with wide 
knowledge regionally in the areas of finance, pensions, insurance 
and investments. He has business experience at board level, 
and is a former CEO of a quoted diversified Group with interests 
in insurance, banking and real estate. He has also held senior 
actuarial positions and served on several boards.

WILLIAM  
LUCIE-SMITH, 59, has 
been an independent 
Director since June 
2005, and is a citizen 
of Trinidad and Tobago. 
He holds an MA from 
Oxford University and is 
a Chartered Accountant. 
He is a retired Senior 
Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Trinidad and Tobago, where 
he headed the Corporate Finance and Recoveries Divisions, 
specialising in all aspects of business valuations, privatisation, 
mergers and acquisitions and corporate taxation. Mr Lucie-
Smith has been a Special Advisor to the Trinidad and Tobago 
Government and Central Bank on divestment, and has served on 
several national committees, such as the Rampersad Committee to 
Review the Reorganisation and Rationalisation of State Enterprises 
of Trinidad and Tobago, and the Daly Committee on Corporate 
Insolvency and Company Law with Special Reference to Severance 
Pay. He was elected a Director of Sagicor Life Inc in 2005, and is 
also a Director of Sagicor USA, Sagicor at Lloyd’s, Sagicor Life 
Jamaica, and a number of other subsidiaries within the Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

46

DODRIDGE MILLER, 53, 
was appointed Group 
President and Chief 
Executive Officer in July 
2002, and has been a 
Director since December 
2002. A citizen of 
Barbados, Mr Miller is a 
Fellow of the Association 
of Chartered Certified 
Accountants (ACCA), and obtained his MBA from the University 
of Wales and Manchester Business School. He holds an LLM in 
Corporate and Commercial Law from the University of the West 
Indies and, in October 2008, he was conferred with an Honorary 
Doctor of Laws degree by the University of the West Indies. He 
has more than 25 years’ experience in the banking, insurance and 
financial services industries. Prior to his appointment as Group 
President and Chief Executive Officer, he held the positions of 
Treasurer and Vice President – Finance and Investments, Deputy 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer. Mr Miller 
joined the Group in 1989. He is the Chairman of Sagicor at Lloyd’s, 
and is also a Director of Sagicor Life Inc, Sagicor USA, Sagicor Life 
Jamaica, PanCaribbean Financial Services and a number of other 
subsidiaries within the Group.

JOHN SHETTLE, Jr, 56, 
has been an independent 
Director since June 
2008, and is a citizen 
of the United States of 
America. He received his 
undergraduate degree 
from Washington & Lee 
University, and holds an 
MBA from the Sellinger 
School of Business at Loyola College, Maryland. Mr Shettle is an 
Operating Partner of Stone Point Capital, a private equity firm 
in the global financial services industry. He has over 20 years’ 
experience in senior management positions in the property/
casualty, health and insurance-related services industry. More 
recently, he served as Senior Advisor, Lightyear Capital, a private 
equity firm, and President and Chief Executive Officer of the Victor 
O Schinnerer Company. Prior to that, he was the Chief Executive 
Officer of Tred Avon Capital Advisors, Inc, a firm providing advisory 
services to companies and private equity firms focused on the 
insurance sector. He has held senior management positions at 
Securitas Capital, Swiss Reinsurance Company and Frederick, the 
Maryland-based AVEMCO Corporation (NYSE). Mr Shettle is also 
a Director of Sagicor USA and a number of subsidiaries within the 
Group.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

47

 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

Directors’ interests as at December 31, 2010 and as at the record date, April 15, 2011, are as follows:

Shares as at 31-Dec-10

Shares as at 15-Apr-11

Beneficial

Non-beneficial

Beneficial

Non-beneficial

Non-Executive Directors:

Stephen McNamara

Andrew Aleong

Professor Sir Hilary Beckles

Peter Clarke

Jeannine Comma

Christopher de Caires

Joyce Dear

Marjorie Fyffe-Campbell

William Lucie-Smith

John Shettle, Jr

Group Chief Operating Officer:

Richard Kellman

President and Chief Executive Officer:

9,834

505,002

9,579

10,000

11,523

22,378

25,000

7,484

40,000

1,000

1,000

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

16,218

505,002

9,579

10,000

11,523

22,378

25,000

7,484

45,000

1,000

1,000

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Dodridge Miller

As at 31-Dec-10

Shares

As at 15-Apr-11

Shares

Beneficial

912,050*

Non-beneficial

Nil

Beneficial

912,050*

Non-beneficial

Nil

Restricted Stock Grants

Restricted Stock Grants

Vested

924,349

Unvested

167,208

Vested

924,349

Unvested

167,208

Stock Options

Stock Options

Vested

519,012

Exercised

Unvested

Nil

624,655

Vested

519,012

Exercised

Unvested

Nil

624,655

* Includes vested Restricted Stock.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

48

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

Board Composition and Structure

The maximum number of Directors permitted by the Articles of 
Incorporation of the Company is 12 and the minimum is 7. The 
Board of Directors presently consists of 12 Members, 10 of whom 
are independent Non-Executive Directors. The remaining 2 are 
the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Group Chief 
Operating Officer. Biographical information on the Directors and 
details of their interests in the Company as at December 31, 2010 
and as at the record date, April 15, 2011, are set out earlier in this 
Report. Non-Executive Directors do not participate in performance-
related incentive plans, and their remuneration consists solely 
of cash. The Board Chairman and Directors are paid fees, and 
Committee Chairmen and Members are paid an additional fee for 
each Committee on which they serve. Executives who are Directors 
are not paid fees.

Board and individual Director core competencies, knowledge, 
experience and skills are as illustrated on the following Board Core 
Competency matrix:

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

49

 
 
 
 
a
r
a
m
a
N
c
M
n
e
h
p
e
t
S

g
n
o
e
l
A
w
e
r
d
n
A

s
e
l
k
c
e
B
y
r
a
l
i

H

r
i
S
f
o
r
P

a
m
m
o
C
e
n
n
n
a
e
J

i

r

D

s
e
r
i
a
C
e
d
r
e
h
p
o
t
s
i
r
h
C

e
k
r
a
l
C
r
e
t
e
P

r
a
e
D
e
c
y
o
J

l
l
e
b
p
m
a
C
-
e
f
f
y
F
e
i
r
o
j
r
a
M

h
t
i

m
S
-
e
i
c
u
L
m
a
i
l
l
i

W

n
a
m

l
l
e
K
d
r
a
h
c
i
R

r
e
l
l
i

M
e
g
d
i
r
d
o
D

.
r
J

,
e
l
t
t
e
h
S
n
h
o
J

Directors’ Skills and Experience

General Management

International Business

Finance/Accounting

Corporate Finance, Mergers & Acquisitions

Strategic Marketing

Corporate Law

Banking

Asset Management

Insurance

Human Resource Management

Property Management and Development

Regulatory

Information Technology

Other: Education

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rotation and Re-election of Directors

The Company’s Bylaws provide that at least one-third, or the 
number nearest thereto, of the Directors must retire every year, 
but a Director shall not be required to retire unless he has been in 
office for three years.

Professor Sir Hilary Beckles, and Messrs Andrew Aleong, 
Christopher de Caires and John Shettle, Jr will retire at the Eighth 
Annual Meeting and, with the exception of Mr de Caires, have 
offered themselves for re-election. The Corporate Governance 
and Ethics Committee considered the candidates who are 
standing for election or re-election at the Eighth Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, and recommends to Shareholders that all the 
nominees be re-elected. Profiles of the nominees are contained 
in the Management Proxy Circular accompanying the Notice of 
the Meeting. In making this recommendation, the Committee 
had regard to the core competency requirements of the Board 
as a whole; the skills and experience of each nominee; their 
independence as defined by our Corporate Governance Policy and 
their willingness and ability to devote the time necessary to fulfil 
their role as Directors.

Board Responsibilities

The Board of Directors is collectively responsible for providing 
entrepreneurial leadership, guidance and oversight to the 
Company within a framework of prudent and effective controls 
that enable risk to be assessed and managed, with a view to 
maximising shareholder wealth within the bounds of law and 
community standards of ethical behaviour. The Board’s six main 
responsibilities, which it executes through decision-making and 
oversight, are strategic planning, enterprise risk management, 
executive succession planning and performance evaluation, 
Shareholder communications and public disclosures, internal 
controls, and Corporate Governance.

The four Committees of the Board - Audit, Corporate Governance 
and Ethics, Human Resource, and Investment and Risk - play an 
integral role in the governance process, in that they assist the 
Board with the proper discharge of its functions by providing an 
opportunity for more in-depth discussions on areas not reserved 
specifically for the Board. The mandates of all the Committees 
comply with best practice.

The respective roles of the Chairman of the Board, the Board, 
Committee Chairmen, Committees and Management are clearly 
defined. The Group CEO and the Executive Committee (Excom) 
are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Group. Their 
role is to formulate and implement strategy, operational plans, 
policies, procedures and budgets, monitor operating and financial 
performance, assess and control risk, prioritise and allocate 
resources and monitor competitive and environmental forces in 
each area of operation. The roles of functional Group Executives, 
who form part of Excom, are also specifically defined.

Board Evaluation

The Board undertook its annual performance evaluation to assess 
the effectiveness of the Board’s performance in 2010 as a whole, 
as well as that of the Chairman, Directors, Board Committee 
Chairmen, Board Committees, the President, Management and the 
Corporate Secretary. The 2010 evaluation took the form of a self-
assessment and peer review questionnaire, and the findings have 
revealed ongoing opportunities for the continued enhancement of 
our Corporate Governance practices.

The Corporate Governance and Ethics Committee also completed a 
detailed and rigorous self-assessment of Directors’ independence 
as defined under the Corporate Governance architecture. Areas 
addressed included the relationship between Sagicor and Directors 
in terms of legal and regulatory issues faced by Directors, their 
share ownership and share dealings, cross directorships and 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

51

 
 
 
 
potential conflicts of interest. The Committee concluded that 
Directors all meet the independence requirements under our 
Corporate Governance Policy.

On-going Director Education

A comprehensive Director Education Program was held during the 
year, which also served as an induction exercise to assist Mr Peter 
Clarke, who was elected a Director in 2010, in understanding the 
operations of the Group and the markets in which it operates. 
These sessions expedited his effectiveness as a new Director. 
Subjects covered included the allocation of capital and expected 
returns on allocated capital, capital standards and requirements, 
actuarial reserving, asset liability management, reinsurance, risk 
management, financial reporting, and key financial monitoring 
ratios.

Board Operations

During 2010, Management engaged the Board of Directors (BOD) 
14 times, either in formal meetings or by requests for round-robin 
decisions in between meetings. The Audit Committee (AC) met 6 
times; the Corporate Governance and Ethics Committee (CGC) met 
7 times; the Human Resource Committee (HRC) met 5 times, and 
the Investment and Risk Committee (IRC) met 3 times. Directors’ 
record of attendance was as follows:

Stephen McNamara

Andrew Aleong

Prof Sir Hilary Beckles

Peter Clarke*

Dr Jeannine Comma

Christopher de Caires

Joyce Dear

Marjorie Fyffe- Campbell

Richard Kellman

William Lucie-Smith

Dodridge Miller

John Shettle, Jr

BOD

14 of 14

12 of 14

8 of 14

6 of 7

11 of 14

11 of 14

14 of 14

12 of 14

13 of 14

13 of 14

14 of 14

7 of 14

AC

6 of 6

6 of 6

4 of 6

6 of 6

6 of 6

6 of 6

6 of 6

* Mr Peter Clarke was elected a Director on June 11, 2010.

CGC

7 of 7

HRC

4 of 4

5 of 7

4 of 5

5 of 5

5 of 5

5 of 5

6 of 7

5 of 7

3 of 3

IRC

3 of 3

3 of 3

1 of 1

3 of 3

1 of 3

3 of 3

Total

34 of 34

21 of 23

17 of 26

7 of 8

20 of 25

16 of 19

20 of 20

24 of 27

13 of 14

22 of 23

31 of 35

13 of 20

%

100

91

65

88

80

84

100

89

93

96

89

65

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

52

The Board manages an annual schedule of critical agenda items 
designed to ensure that it fulfils its recurring obligations, and 
that Board-reserved items are routinely considered. The principal 
business at Board meetings in 2010 was to:

(cid:116)(cid:1) consider and approve the Group strategic plan, capital plan 

and projections for the period 2010 to 2012;

(cid:116)(cid:1) review periodically the Group capital and liquidity plan, 

strategic and business development initiatives forming part of 
the Strategic Plan, and other key initiatives;

(cid:116)(cid:1) consider and approve strategic acquisitions and divestments 

in furtherance of Group strategy;

(cid:116)(cid:1) receive and consider periodic reports and presentations from 
Management on the performance of various subsidiaries 
within the Group and the Group on a consolidated basis;
(cid:116)(cid:1) review and approve unaudited interim and audited annual 

consolidated financial statements;

(cid:116)(cid:1) approve interim and final dividends; and
(cid:116)(cid:1) receive reports on work being carried out by Board 

Committees, and consider and approve their 
recommendations as required.

Committee Reports

Corporate Governance and Ethics Committee Report

The role of the Corporate Governance and Ethics Committee is 
principally to develop and recommend to the Board policies and 
procedures to establish and maintain best practice standards of 
Corporate Governance and Corporate Ethics. It also manages 
the process for Director succession, Director performance, 
the operation of the President, the composition of Board and 
Committees, Shareholder communications, and corporate image.

The Committee meets the independence requirements of the 
Group’s Corporate Governance Policy. The current Members are 
Stephen McNamara (appointed a Member on March 9, 2004 and 
Chairman on February 17, 2010), Professor Sir Hilary Beckles 
(appointed a Member on March 18, 2009), Marjorie Fyffe-Campbell 
(appointed a Member on March 18, 2009) and John Shettle 
Jr (appointed August 18, 2010).

The Committee’s business during 2010 included:

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing Board and Director core competencies and 
identifying gaps to inform the nomination process;
(cid:116)(cid:1) overseeing Director nominations, Board Committee, 

subsidiary and outside Board appointments;

(cid:116)(cid:1) overseeing the management of independence requirements 

and conflicts of interest;

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing the adequacy of Director and Officer liability 

insurance cover;

(cid:116)(cid:1) monitoring Director attendance;
(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing investor relations plans and programs;
(cid:116)(cid:1) generally monitoring the operation of Corporate Governance 

practices; and

(cid:116)(cid:1) assessing the adequacy of the Committee’s mandate and 

evaluating its effectiveness in fulfilling the same.

Audit Committee Report

The mandate of the Audit Committee is to oversee the external 
audit process, and manage all aspects of the relationship with the 
External Auditors. The Committee is also required to review the 
annual audit plan, interim and audited financial statements, and 
international financial reporting standards having a significant 
impact on the financial statements. It also reviews actuarial reports 
and recommendations.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

53

 
 
 
 
The Committee oversees the Internal Audit function, reviewing 
Internal Audit’s assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of 
the Group’s internal controls, compliance with legal, statutory and 
regulatory requirements, and management of risk.

The Committee meets the independence and skill requirements 
of the Group’s Corporate Governance Policy. The majority of the 
Members are financially literate, and three Members, William 
Lucie-Smith, Joyce Dear and Marjorie Fyffe-Campbell, all Chartered 
Accountants, have recent and relevant accounting expertise. 
The current Members are William Lucie-Smith (appointed a 
Member on August 24, 2005 and Chairman on June 28, 2006), 
Andrew Aleong (appointed a Member on June 28, 2006), Joyce 
Dear (appointed a Member on August 11, 2006), Marjorie Fyffe-
Campbell (appointed a Member on September 11, 2008) and 
Dr Jeannine Comma (appointed a Member on September 11, 
2008).

The 2010 activities of the Committee included:

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing and approving the external audit plan and timetable;
(cid:116)(cid:1) evaluating the performance of the External Auditors for Group 

entities and approving their audit fees;

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing the External Auditors’ 2009 management letter and 

report on the 2009 audit;

(cid:116)(cid:1) approving the 2010 audit engagement letter;
(cid:116)(cid:1) approving interim and annual audited financial statements, 

dividend recommendations, valuation of intangible and other 
assets, goodwill impairment tests, actuarial reports and 
reports from the External Auditors on key audit issues;
(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing the financial performance of the Group and key 

subsidiaries;

(cid:116)(cid:1) approving the 2010 Internal Audit Plan, reviewing Internal 
Audit reports and monitoring Management action on open 
Internal Audit items;

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing compliance with various financial covenants;
(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing reports on pending material claims and litigation;
(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewing regulatory compliance reports;
(cid:116)(cid:1) assessing the adequacy of the Committee’s mandate and 

evaluating its effectiveness in fulfilling the same.

Human Resource Committee Report

The role of the Human Resource Committee is to advise the 
Board with respect to compensation policies, programs and plans, 
human resources policies and practices to attain the Company’s 
strategic goals, executive management recruitment, succession 
plans, performance evaluation and compensation.

The Committee meets the independence requirements of the 
Group’s Corporate Governance Policy. The current Members are 
Christopher de Caires (appointed Chairman on June 28, 2006 
and a Member on October 26, 2005), Professor Sir Hilary Beckles 
(appointed a Member on June 28, 2006), Dr Jeannine Comma 
(appointed a Member on September 18, 2007) and Stephen 
McNamara (appointed a Member on August 18, 2010).

During the year the Committee:

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewed progress in the implementation of the Group Global 
Human Resources Development and Compensation Strategy, 
designed to standardise human resource practices, and to 
facilitate knowledge transfer of human resource policies and 
practices within the Group;

(cid:116)(cid:1) examining the implications of changes to International 

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewed executive performance, compensation and terms of 

Financial Reporting Standards;

engagement;

(cid:116)(cid:1) monitored succession planning and leadership and 

development plans at the executive level;

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

54

(cid:116)(cid:1) granted awards to qualified participants under the annual cash 
incentive, long-term incentive plan (LTI) and employee share 
ownership plan (ESOP);

(cid:116)(cid:1) reviewed aspects of the rules of the Company’s annual long-

term incentive plans;

(cid:116)(cid:1) made incentive awards based on performance against 

established benchmarks, and

(cid:116)(cid:1) assessed the adequacy of the Committee’s mandate and 

evaluated its effectiveness in fulfilling the same.

Investment and Risk Committee Report

The Investment and Risk Committee is charged with ensuring 
generally that the Group manages risk within its defined philosophy 
and appetite, and in compliance with policy risk parameters. Its 
specific mandate is to ensure that an appropriate enterprise risk 
management framework is implemented throughout the Group, 
approve risk policies and risk undertakings and exposures reserved 
for Board decision. It continually monitors exposures relating to 
insurance, financial and operational risks. Committee Members 
are required to understand the enterprise’s significant inherent 
risks and the policies and controls used by Management to assess, 
manage and report these risks. The Committee regularly reviews 
the Group risk profile, and assesses Management’s plans for 
ensuring financial stability and capital soundness.

The Committee meets the independence requirements of the 
Group’s Corporate Governance Policy. The current Members are 
Stephen McNamara (appointed a Member on November 26, 2003 
and Chairman on February 17, 2010), Andrew Aleong (appointed 
a Member on March 18, 2009), William Lucie-Smith (appointed 
a Member on October 26, 2005), John Shettle, Jr, (appointed 
a Member on March 18, 2009) and Peter Clarke (appointed a 
Member on August 18, 2010).

In 2010, the Committee saw the results of Management’s work to 
strengthen aspects of the Group’s enterprise risk management 
architecture, which focused on infrastructural development, risk 
identification, assessment and prioritisation, and the development 
of quantitative risk models for assessing risks to which the Group 
is exposed, including the key risks relating to interest rate, credit 
and liquidity. The Committee’s work included:

(cid:116)(cid:1) review of interest rate, credit and liquidity risk dashboards 
and ratings for the Company as a whole, and for its major 
subsidiaries;

(cid:116)(cid:1) monitoring of risk exposures and review of mitigation 

strategies designed to manage risk; and

(cid:116)(cid:1) assessment of the adequacy of the Committee’s mandate and 

an evaluation of its effectiveness in fulfilling the same.

Enterprise Risk Management

The Group continued its work to strengthen its integrated 
and centralised risk management function. The enterprise risk 
management framework comprises articulation of risk philosophy 
and appetite, risk structures and processes, risk policies and a 
regime of monitoring risk exposures both at the enterprise and 
subsidiary levels.

The Group’s activities of issuing insurance contracts, accepting 
funds from depositors, and investing insurance premium and 
deposit receipts in a variety of financial and other assets expose 
the Group to various insurance, financial and operational risks. 
Insurance risks include pricing, claims and lapse risks. Financial 
risks include credit, liquidity, interest rate and market risks. 
Operational risks include fraud, damage to physical assets, 
improper business practices, improper employment practices, 
business interruption and system failures, and execution and 
process errors. Exposure to and sensitivity to financial and 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

55

 
 
 
 
insurance risks are disclosed in Notes 41 and 42 respectively to the 
2010 audited financial statements contained in this Annual Report.

Internal Audit

The mission of Group Internal Audit is to provide independent, 
objective assurance and consulting services designed to add 
value and improve the organisation’s operations by utilising an 
appropriate risk-based audit methodology across the Group. 
It helps the organisation accomplish its objectives by bringing 
a systematic, disciplined approach to the evaluation and 
improvement of risk management, control, and governance 
processes.

The scope of work of Internal Audit is to determine whether 
the organisation’s network of risk management, control, 
and governance processes, as designed and represented by 
Management, is adequate and functioning in a manner to ensure 
that:

(cid:116)(cid:1) risks are appropriately identified and managed;
(cid:116)(cid:1) interaction with the various governance groups occurs as 

needed;

(cid:116)(cid:1) significant financial, managerial, and operating information is 

accurate, reliable, and timely;

(cid:116)(cid:1) employees’ actions are in compliance with policies, standards, 

procedures, applicable laws and regulations;

(cid:116)(cid:1) resources are acquired economically, used efficiently, and 

adequately protected;

(cid:116)(cid:1) programs, plans, and objectives are achieved;
(cid:116)(cid:1) quality and continuous improvement are fostered in the 

During 2010, Group Internal Audit continued work on its risk-
based, centralised approach to a range of activities and assurance 
reviews across the Group in furtherance of its annual plan. 
Operating through a modified shared services model, the Internal 
Audit function was able to allocate resources in the most efficient 
and effective way.

Compliance

Sagicor’s response to the increasing complexity of regulatory 
risks has been to develop a centralised compliance function to 
oversee the management of regulatory risks across the Group, 
and to formalise reporting to the Audit Committee on all aspects 
of regulatory compliance. During 2010, regular compliance 
monitoring and reporting continued to be executed.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Sagicor’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (which codifies 
our corporate value system embracing legal, moral and ethical 
conduct, accountability, corporate social responsibility and 
leadership) requires Directors, Management, Staff and Advisors 
to acknowledge, on an annual basis, that they have read the Code, 
and whether or not they are in compliance. Mechanisms through 
which code violations can be reported and channelled to the 
appropriate parties operated reasonably satisfactorily, including 
widely available anonymous whistle-blowing facilities. These 
enabled Management to take timely corrective action. Further 
training of Staff on the whistle-blowing facilities available to them 
is planned for 2011.

organisation’s control process; and

Investor Relations and Communications

(cid:116)(cid:1) significant legislative or regulatory issues impacting the 
organisation are recognised and addressed appropriately.

During 2010, we considerably improved our investor relations 
communications program with the introduction of quarterly 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

56

briefings to communicate our performance and major initiatives 
to the market, through the Media, Analysts and Brokers. We 
developed a new corporate website, designed specifically for 
Shareholders and Investors, which publishes financial, governance 
and other material information. We also regularly utilise the print 
media and our website to communicate information on a timely 
basis. We continue to ensure that price-sensitive information 
is released to the market at the same time, and to manage our 
Insider Trading Policy as an integral part of our Code of Business 
Conduct and Ethics.

Shareholders who comprise the largest single geographical group 
of 44%. We also regard our annual Shareholders’ meetings as an 
important opportunity to interact further, particularly with smaller 
investors who have an opportunity to ask questions of Directors, 
both during the formal meeting and informally after the meeting.

By Order of the Board of Directors.

Cognisant of the fact that our Shareholders resident in Trinidad 
and Tobago often do not have an opportunity to attend our Annual 
Meetings of Shareholders held in Barbados, we extended the 
scope of our annual investor briefings in Trinidad and Tobago in 
2010 to allow Directors to interact with larger numbers of these 

Sandra Osborne, QC
Corporate Secretary
May 10, 2011

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

57

 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

DODRIDGE D. MILLER, FCCA, MBA, LLM, 
LLD (Hons.)
Group President and Chief Executive Officer

RICHARD BYLES, BSC, MSC
President and Chief Executive Officer, Sagicor 
Life Jamaica Limited

J. EDWARD CLARKE, FCCA, CIA
Chief Operating Officer, Sagicor Life Inc

Edward Clarke was 
appointed to the 
position of Chief 
Operating Officer 
for Sagicor Life 
Inc in September, 
2010. Prior to 
this, he held the 

position of Group Internal Auditor. Mr. 
Clarke is a Fellow of the Association of 
Chartered Certified Accountants and is a 
Certified Internal Auditor with more than 25 
years’ experience in the field of auditing and 
finance. Mr. Clarke began his accounting 
career at Pannell Fitzpatrick & Company 
Chartered Accountants (now Ernst & 
Young). He later joined Texaco and served 
as a senior member of its finance team in 
Barbados, Nigeria and the USA. Prior to 
joining Sagicor, Mr. Clarke was the Chief 
Finance Officer of Goddard Enterprises 
Limited.

Dodridge 
Miller is Group 
President and 
Chief Executive 
Officer of the 
Sagicor Group of 
Companies.

He is a Fellow of the Association of 
Chartered Certified Accountants (FCCA), 
and obtained his MBA from the University 
of Wales and Manchester Business 
School. He holds an LLM in Corporate and 
Commercial Law from the University of the 
West Indies, and in October 2008, he was 
conferred with an Honorary Doctor of Laws 
degree by the University of the West Indies. 
He has more than 20 years experience 
in the insurance and financial services 
industries.

Prior to his appointment as Group 
President and Chief Executive Officer, he 
previously held the positions of Treasurer 
and Vice-President – Finance and 
Investments, Deputy Chief Executive Officer 
and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Miller is 
the Chairman of Sagicor at Lloyd’s, and is 
a director of a number of other companies 
within the Sagicor Group and the Caribbean 
Private Sector.

Richard Byles is 
President and 
CEO of Sagicor 
Life Jamaica 
Limited, a 
member of the 
Sagicor Group. 
He is Chairman 

of the Board of PanCaribbean Financial 
Services Ltd., Sagicor Property Services 
Limited, Sagicor Life of the Cayman Islands 
Ltd., Sagicor Insurance Managers (Cayman) 
and Desnoes and Geddes. He also serves 
on the boards of several subsidiary and 
associated companies as well as Pan 
Jamaican Investment Trust Limited. He has 
earned valuable experience and within the 
financial sector spanning the areas of Life, 
Health and General Insurance, Asset and 
Investment Management, Banking, Pension 
Administration, Property Development and 
Reinusrance Management. Mr. Byles holds 
a BSc in Economics from the University of 
the West Indies and an Ms.c in National 
Development from the University of 
Bradford, England.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

58

DR. M. PATRICIA DOWNES-GRANT, BA, 
MA MBA, DBA
President and Chief Executive Officer, Sagicor 
Life Inc

Dr. Patricia 
Downes-Grant 
was appointed 
President and 
Chief Executive 
Officer of Sagicor 
Life Inc on 
January 1, 2006, 
having served as Group Chief Operating 
Officer, since July 1, 2002. She joined 
Sagicor in 1991 and held several senior 
positions, including those of Vice President, 
(Investments), and Treasurer and Executive 
Vice President (Finance and Investments) 
before being appointed Chief Executive 
Officer. She holds an MBA in Finance, 
an MA in Economics, and a Doctorate in 
Business Administration (Finance). She is 
a former Chairman of the Barbados Stock 
Exchange and Barbados Central Securities 
Depository and a Director of several 
companies within the Sagicor Group and 
within the private sector of Barbados.

J. ANDREW GALLAGHER, FSA, FCIA
Chief Risk Officer

RICHARD M. KELLMAN, BSC, FIA, ASA
Group Chief Operating Officer

Andrew Gallagher 
was appointed 
to the position 
of Chief Risk 
Officer for the 
Group in 2007. 
He joined Sagicor 
in August 1997, 

and previously held the position of 
Resident Actuary. He holds a Bachelor of 
Mathematics degree from the University 
of Waterloo, and is both a Fellow of the 
Canadian Institute of Actuaries and a 
Fellow of the Society of Actuaries. Prior to 
joining Sagicor, Mr Gallagher worked with 
Eckler Partners in Toronto in their financial 
institutions practice. He has over 20 years 
of experience in the industry.

Richard Kellman 
was appointed to 
the post of Group 
Chief Operating 
Officer of 
Sagicor Financial 
Corporation 
in November, 
2009. He holds a BSc in Statistics from 
University College, London University, and 
is a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries and 
an Associate of the Society of Actuaries. 
He has also attended training programmes 
at Harvard Business School and has 
completed other financial, investment and 
management training courses. Mr. Kellman 
is a financial services professional with wide 
knowledge regionally in the areas of finance, 
pensions, insurance and investments. He 
has held senior actuarial positions in the 
insurance industry, is a former CEO of the 
Guardian Holdings Group, has business 
experience at board level, and prior to 
joining Sagicor, was the Executive Officer 
of the Caribbean Court of Justice Trust 
Fund. He is a Director of Sagicor Financial 
Corporation, a position he has held since 
June 2009.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

59

 
 
 
 
Sector Regulator in Canada. Ms. MacLure 
has an MBA from the Richard Ivey School 
of Business at the University of Western 
Ontario, Canada, a Masters degree in 
Education from Western Washington 
University in the United States, and a BSc 
from the University of Manitoba, Canada, 
with a major in Mathematics.

PHILIP N.W. OSBORNE, BSC, ACA, FCA
Chief Financial Officer

Philip Osborne 
was appointed 
Chief Financial 
Officer for the 
Group in 2003. 
He has held 
senior finance 
positions in 

life insurance for over 20 years, having 
joined Life of Barbados Limited (then 
a Barbados-based life insurer) in 1989. 
Subsequently, in 1996, he was appointed a 
Director of Life of Barbados and remained 
so through its acquisition by and its 
eventual amalgamation with Sagicor Life 
Inc. Mr. Osborne is currently a director of 
a number of subsidiaries in the Sagicor 
Group, of Almond Resorts Inc, a publicly 
listed company in Barbados and of TD 
Reinsurance (Barbados) Inc, a reinsurance 
company. Mr. Osborne is a UK-trained 
chartered accountant and has worked in 
professional accounting firms in London 
and Barbados over a ten-year period. He 
also holds a BSc in mathematics with 
Computer Science from the University of 
London.

MAXINE MACLURE, BSC, MED, MBA
Executive Vice President, Corporate Services 
and Chief Compliance Officer

Maxine MacLure 
was appointed 
Executive Vice 
President, 
Corporate 
Services for 
Sagicor Financial 
Corporation 

in February 2007. She is responsible 
for acquisitions in the US, Group-wide 
Compliance and Regulatory Liaison. Prior 
to this position she served as President 
and CEO, Sagicor USA where in September 
2005, she successfully completed the 
Group’s acquisition of its first US life 
insurance subsidiary, Sagicor Life Insurance 
Company (formerly American Founders 
Life) and oversaw its integration into the 
Sagicor Group. Ms. MacLure joined Sagicor 
in December 2001 as president and CEO 
of Life of Jamaica (LOJ). She effectively 
managed that company through its merger 
with Island Life Insurance Company. Prior 
to joining the Sagicor Group, Ms. MacLure 
was General Manager of Insurance for the 
Jamaican Government, and led a two-year 
joint insurance reform project sponsored 
by the Inter-American Development Bank 
and the Jamaican Government, where 
she participated in the resolution of the 
financial sector crisis. She also spent seven 
years as a Senior Government Financial 

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

60

SANDRA OSBORNE, SCM, QC, BSC, LLB, 
FCIS
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and 
Secretary

Sandra Osborne 
was appointed 
General Counsel 
and Secretary 
for the Sagicor 
Group in April 
1989. An Attorney-
at-Law and 

Chartered Secretary, Ms. Osborne has 30 
years’ experience in the legal field, having 
previously practiced as a Crown Counsel 
and at the private Bar in civil practice in civil 
practice in Barbados. For the last 20 years, 
her focus has been in the corporate area, 
both as Corporate Counsel and Corporate 
Secretary. She has also contributed to 
legislative reform in Barbados in the area of 
securities. Ms. Osborne holds a BSc (Hons) 
in Political Science and an LLB (Hons) 
both from the University of the West Indies 
and a Certificate in Legal Education, Hugh 
Wooding Law School, Council of Legal 
Education, Trinidad. She is also a Fellow 
of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries 
and Administrators in Canada and has 
completed an Executive Development 
Program at Kellogg Graduate School of 
Management, Northwestern University, 
United States. She was appointed a 
Queen’s Counsel of Barbados in 2007.

RAVI RAMBARRAN, BSC, MSC, FIA
President and Chief Executive Officer, Sagicor 
International

MELBA SMITH, BA
Vice President, Corporate Communications

Ravi Rambarran 
is President and 
Chief Executive 
Officer of Sagicor 
International. His 
work experience 
includes Pensions 
Actuary of Life 
of Jamaica (LOJ), Appointed Actuary of 
Global Life Bahamas and Global Life 
Cayman, Chief Financial Investment Officer 
of LOJ, Managing Director of NCB Capital 
Markets and West Indian Trust Company, 
part-time Lecturer in Actuarial Science 
at the University of the West Indies and 
running his own actuarial practice. Prior 
to joining LOJ, Mr. Rambarran was a 
Consulting Actuary with Aon Group and the 
HSBC Group in the United Kingdom. Mr. 
Rambarran has a BSc(Hons) in Actuarial 
Science from City University, London, and 
an MS.c in Finance from the University 
of London. Mr. Rambarran was awarded 
an Open Mathematics Scholarship by the 
Government of Trinidad and Tobago, and is 
also a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries.

Melba Smith 
was appointed 
Vice President 
Corporate 
Communications 
for the Sagicor 
Group in January 
2002. Prior 

to joining Sagicor, she was the General 
Manager of the Caribbean Broadcasting 
Corporation. During her 7-year tenure, 
she managed television, radio and cable 
services. She was also a Board member 
of the Caribbean Broadcasting Union 
and became that Institution’s first female 
President in 2000. She was elected 
Caribbean Representative on the Board 
of the Commonwealth Broadcasters 
Association. Mrs. Smith, a graduate of the 
University of the West Indies, holds a BA 
(Hons), and a Post Graduate diploma in 
Mass Communications, and is a member 
of the International Association of Business 
Communications. Over the last 25 years, 
Mrs. Smith has worked in all areas of mass 
communication and in addition, has gained 
valuable experience and expertise in the 
areas of communication, public relations 
and management.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

61

 
 
 
 
2005 – Present 
International Expansion

Sagicor’s international strategy allowed the Group to diversify 
and expand its presence in the US and European Financial 
Markets. In 2005 this expansion began with the acquisition 
of American Founders Life, a US-based insurance entity. 
Rebranded Sagicor Life Insurance Company Limited, it is 
licensed to operate in 44 states and the District of Columbia.

In 2007, SFC listed on the London Stock Exchange, the first 
Caribbean company to be admitted to the LSE’s main market. 
That same year, Sagicor acquired Gerling at Lloyd’s Group in 
the UK, which was rebranded Sagicor at Lloyd’s. The second 
acquisition in Europe was Byrne and Stacey Underwriting. 
In late 2008 Sagicor at Lloyd’s expanded its operations by 
acquiring a Life Syndicate.

Opportunities multiply as they are seized.

INDEX TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES

Page

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

  12.  Miscellaneous Assets and Receivables 

Consolidated Statement of Income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

  13.  Actuarial Liabilities 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

  14.  Other Insurance Liabilities 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

  15.  Investment Contract Liabilities 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

  16.  Notes and Loans Payable 

1.  Incorporation and Principal Activities 

73

  17.  Deposit and Security Liabilities 

2.  Accounting Policies 

73

  18.  Provisions 

3.  Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements 

92

  19.  Income Tax Liabilities 

4.  Segments 

5.  Investment Property 

6.  Property, Plant and Equipment 

94

  20.  Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities 

106

  21.  Share Capital 

107

  22.  Reserves 

7.  Investment In Associated Companies 

108

  23.  Participating Accounts 

8.  Intangible Assets 

9.  Financial Investments 

  10.  Reinsurance Assets 

  11.  Income Tax Assets 

64  Sagicor Financial Corporation

109

  24.  Premium Revenue  

111

  25.  Net Investment Income 

113

  26.  Fees And Other Revenue 

113

  27.  Policy Benefits and Change in Actuarial Liabilities 

Page

113

114

117

118

119

119

120

120

120

120

121

122

122

123

124

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page

171

174

177

178

178

Page

  28.  Interest Expense 

  29.  Employee Costs 

124

  44.  Analysis of Property and Casualty Claim Liabilities 

125

  45.  Capital Management 

  30.  Employee Share Based Compensation 

125

  46.  Statutory Restrictions on Assets 

  31.  Employee Retirement Benefits 

129

  47.  Fiduciary Risk 

  32.  Income Taxes 

  33.  Deferred Income Taxes 

  34.  Earnings and Dividends per Common Share 

  35.  Other Comprehensive Income 

  36.  Cash Flows 

  37.  Divestiture, Acquisitions and Ownership Changes 

  38.  Restatements 

  39.  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities 

  40.  Related Party Transactions 

  41.  Financial Risk 

  42.  Insurance Risk 

  43.  Sensitivity Analysis of Actuarial Liabilities 

131

  48.  Events after December 31, 2010 

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

163

169

Sagicor Financial Corporation  65

 
 
 
AUDITORS’ REPORT

66

ACTUARY’S REPORT

67

 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
As of December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Note 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

  ASSETS 

Investment property 

Property, plant and equipment 

Investment in associated companies 

Intangible assets 

Financial investments 

Reinsurance assets  

Income tax assets 

Miscellaneous assets and receivables 

Cash resources 

Total assets 

5 

6  

7 

8  

9  

10 

11 

12  

119,169 

131,407 

        116,845 

        128,883 

32,929 

          32,674 

123,379 

        129,428 

3,636,832 

     3,274,442 

281,848 

        294,879 

27,764 

          31,790 

295,288 

218,635 

        255,011 

        196,020 

4,867,251 

     4,459,972 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
These financial statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors  
on March 31, 2011(cid:1)

(cid:1)

    Director 
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)

Director 

68  Sagicor Financial Corporation

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

LIABILITIES 

 Actuarial liabilities 

Note 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

13 

           1,753,712 

        1,612,531 

 Other insurance liabilities  

14 

               664,881 

           501,769 

 Investment contract liabilities  

15 

               294,338 

           304,397 

Total policy liabilities 

            2,712,931 

        2,418,697 

Notes and loans payable 

16 

               181,885 

           200,844 

Deposit and security liabilities 

17 

               983,551 

           907,487 

Provisions 

18 

                 38,834 

             39,359 

Income tax liabilities   

19  

                 23,800 

             16,490 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

20 

               187,409 

           195,667 

Total liabilities 

         4,128,410   

        3,778,544 

EQUITY 

Share capital 

Reserves 

21 

              277,172 

            278,252 

22  

            (14,406) 

         (42,609) 

Retained earnings 

               302,786 

            302,431 

Total shareholders’ equity 

               565,552 

            538,074 

Participating accounts 

23 

                   4,347 

                5,851 

Minority interest in subsidiaries 

               168,942 

            137,503 

Total equity 

            738,841 

            681,428 

Total equity and liabilities 

         4,867,251 

        4,459,972 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

24 

24 

25  

26 

27 

27 

28 

(cid:1)

REVENUE 

Premium revenue 

Reinsurance premium expense 

Net premium revenue 

Net investment income 

Fees and other revenue 

Total revenue 

BENEFITS 

Policy benefits and change in actuarial liabilities 

Policy benefits and change in actuarial liabilities 
reinsured 

Net policy benefits and change in actuarial liabilities 

Interest expense 

Total benefits 

EXPENSES 

Administrative expenses 

Commissions and related compensation 

Premium taxes 

Finance costs 

Depreciation and amortisation 

Total expenses 

INCOME BEFORE TAXES 

Income taxes 

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR 

Note 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

Note 

2010 

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO: 

1,047,021 

         1,007,526 

Shareholders 

(146,071) 

(164,584) 

Participating policyholders 

900,950 

            842,942 

Minority interest 

293,280 

            294,216 

61,867 

              68,176 

1,256,097 

        1,205,334 

Net income attributable to shareholders - EPS 

16,560 

(1,265) 

26,340 

41,635 

2009 
(restated) 

66,846 

(4,351) 

25,062 

87,557 

Basic earnings per common share 

Fully diluted earnings per common share 

 34.1 

34.1 

5.7 cents(cid:1)
5.7 cents(cid:1)

24.0 cents 

23.9 cents 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

745,079 

(53,370) 

691,709 

77,997 

769,706 

657,731 

(51,389) 

606,342 

101,899 

708,241 

212,092 

            198,362 

174,116 

            149,685 

8,600 

                8,123 

16,369 

18,269 

              15,375 

              18,659 

429,446 

            390,204 

32 

56,945 

(15,310) 

41,635 

106,889 

(19,332) 

87,557 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Note 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR  

41,635 

              87,557 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

35 

Changes in fair value reserves: 

Owner occupied property 

Available for sale financial assets 

Actuarial liabilities 

Cash flow hedges 

Retranslation of foreign currency operations 

Other items 

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

770 

                1,331 

43,097 

              43,890 

(10,576) 

                      - 

(17,106) 

(1,701) 

33,291 

               26,414 

6,007 

(309) 

38,989 

(12,996) 

(129) 

13,289 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME,  NET OF TAX 

80,624 

           100,846 

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO: 

Shareholders 

Participating policyholders 

Minority interest 

38,208 

             83,053 

(1,247) 

           (4,533) 

43,663 

80,624 

             22,326 

           100,846 

Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders: 

Total comprehensive income per common share  

Total comprehensive income per common share on a fully diluted basis 

34.1 

34.1 

13.2 cents 

13.1 cents 

29.8 cents 

29.7 cents 

70  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Year ended December 31, 2010 

Balance, beginning of year, as restated (note 38) 

Total comprehensive income 

Issue of shares 

Dividends declared (note 34.2) 

Disposal of interest in subsidiary 

Other movements 

Balance, end of year 

Year ended December 31, 2009 (restated) 

Share Capital 
(note 21) 

Reserves 
(note 22) 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
(cid:54)hareholders 
(cid:40)quity 

Participating 
Accounts 
(note 23) 

Minority 
Interest 

Total 
(cid:40)quity 

278,252 

- 

(42,609) 

21,648 

302,431 

16,560 

659 

                             - 

                            - 

538,074 

38,208 

659 

-

- 

(1,739) 

277,172 

-

(11,591) 

(11,591) 

64                                - 

6,491 

(4,614) 

64 

138 

(14,406) 

               302,786 

565,552 

5,851 

(1,247) 

- 

- 

- 

(257) 

4,347 

137,503 

43,663 

264 

(8,988) 

(3,722) 

222 

168,942 

681,428 

80,624 

923 

(20,579) 

(3,658) 

103 

738,841 

Balance, beginning of year (note 38) 

               258,153 

(72,577) 

               264,030 

449,606 

                  10,644 

                 121,397 

                 581,647 

Total comprehensive income 

                           - 

                   16,336 

                 66,717 

83,053 

(4,533) 

                   22,326 

                 100,846 

Issue of shares 

                 20,981 

                             - 

                           - 

20,981 

                           - 

                        630 

                   21,611 

Dividends declared (note 34.2) 

           - 

                             - 

Changes in the ownership interest of subsidiaries  
(note 37.2) 

Other movements 

Balance, end of year 

                           - 

                    6,756 

(882) 

                    6,876 

(11,117) 

(11,363) 

(5,836) 

(11,117) 

                           - 

(11,333) 

(22,450) 

(4,607) 

                           - 

                     4,332 

(275)       

158 

(260) 

                        151 

                          49 

               278,252 

(42,609) 

               302,431 

538,074 

                   5,851 

                 137,503 

                681,428 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Note 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

- 

                  19,562 

(1,739) 

(11,441) 

(882) 

(10,606) 

114 

                  762 

(8,988) 

(11,248) 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

Note 

2010 

56,945 

36.1 

(13,736) 

2009 
(restated) 

106,889 

38,576 

244,164 

            246,714 

(95,283) 

(17,506) 

(113,345) 

(16,436) 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Common shares issued 

Net purchase of treasury shares 

Dividends paid to shareholders 

Shares issued to minority interest 

Dividends paid to minority interest 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES  

Income before taxes 

Adjustments for non-cash items, interest and 
dividends 

Interest and dividends received 

Interest paid 

Income taxes paid 

Changes in operating assets  

Changes in operating liabilities 

Net cash flows (used in) / from operating 
activities 

36.1 

36.1 

(355,140) 

  (347,772) 

Notes and loans payable, net 

36.3 

(14,452) 

                  36,833 

168,348 

          164,081 

(12,208) 

             78,707 

Net cash flows (used in) / from financing 
activities 

(36,506) 

                  34,421 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

582 

                    2,735 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Property, plant and equipment, net 

36.2 

Investment in associated companies, net 

Intangible assets, net 

Divestiture and acquisition of subsidiaries and  
insurance businesses, net of cash and cash 
equivalents 

(10,252) 

1,357 

(5,066) 

11,543 

(9,634) 

(337) 

(2,684) 

(442) 

Net cash flows used in investing activities 

(2,418) 

(13,097) 

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS 

(50,550) 

              102,766 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 

329,618 

              226,852 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR 

36.4 

279,068 

              329,618 

72  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

1.   INCORPORATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES  

Sagicor  Financial  Corporation  was  incorporated  on  December  6,  2002  under  the  Companies  Act  of 
Barbados as a public limited liability holding company. On December 6, 2002, Sagicor Life Inc was 
formed following its conversion from The Barbados Mutual Life Assurance Society (The Society). On 
December  30,  2002,  Sagicor  Financial  Corporation  allotted  common  shares  to  the  eligible 
policyholders of The Society and became the holding company of Sagicor Life Inc. 

Sagicor and its subsidiaries ‘the Group’ operate across the Caribbean, in the United States of America 
(USA) and in the United Kingdom (UK).  Details of the Sagicor’s holdings and operations are set out in 
note 4. 

The principal activities of the Sagicor Group are as follows: 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Life and health insurance 

Annuities and pension administration services 

Property and casualty insurance 

Banking, investment management and other financial services 

For ease of reference, when the term “insurer” is used in the following notes, it refers to either one 
or more Group subsidiaries that engages in insurance business. 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The  principal  accounting  policies  adopted  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial 
statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to the years presented, 
unless otherwise stated. 

(cid:1)
2.1   Basis of preparation 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  and  comply  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.1   Basis of preparation (continued) 

The Group has adopted accounting policies for the computation of actuarial liabilities on life insurance 
and annuity contracts which comply with the Canadian Asset Liability Method (CALM).  As no specific 
guidance is provided by IFRS for computing actuarial liabilities, management has judged that CALM 
should continue to be applied. The adoption of IFRS 4 – Insurance Contracts, permits the Group to 
continue  with  this  accounting  policy,  with  the  modification  required  by  IFRS  4  that  rights  under 
reinsurance contracts are measured separately.  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  except  as 
modified  by  the  revaluation  of  investment  property,  owner-occupied  property,  available  for  sale 
investment  securities,  financial  assets  and  liabilities  held  at  fair  value  through  income,  actuarial 
liabilities and associated reinsurance assets. 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain  critical 
accounting  estimates.    It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of 
applying  the  Company’s  accounting  policies.    The  areas  involving  a  higher  degree  of  judgement  or 
complexity,  or  areas  when  assumptions  and  estimates  are  significant  to  the  consolidated  financial 
statements, are disclosed in note 3. 

All  amounts  in  these  financial  statements  are  shown  in  thousands  of  United  States  dollars,  unless 
otherwise stated.   (cid:1)

(a) 

Amendments to IFRS 

There are no new or amended standards which are effective for the 2010 financial year which have a 
significant impact on the presentation, measurement or disclosure in the Group’s financial statements. 

Amended standards which are effective for the 2010 financial year that have no significant impact on 
the Group’s financial statements are listed in the following table. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  73

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.1   Basis of preparation (continued) 

2.1   Basis of preparation (continued) 

IFRS 

Subject of amendment 

IFRS  5  –  Non-current  Assets 
Held 
for  Sale  and 
Discontinued Operations 

Disclosures of non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified 
as held for sale or discontinued operations 

IFRS 8 – Operating Segments 

Disclosure of information about segment assets 

IAS 1 – Presentation of  
            Financial  Statements 
IAS 7 – Statement of Cash     
             Flows 

Current/non-current classification of convertible instruments 

Classification of expenditures on unrecognised assets 

(cid:1)

IFRIC 

IFRIC 17  

IFRIC 18  

IFRIC 9   

IFRIC 16   

Subject / subject of amendment 

Distribution of non-cash Assets to Owners 

Transfers of Assets from Customers 

Reassessment of  Embedded Derivatives 

Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign  
Operation 

(c)  New and amended standards and interpretations which are not yet effective   

Certain new standards and amendments have been issued which were not effective at the date of the 
financial statements.  The Group has adopted the amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes – Deferred 
Tax:  Recovery  of  Underlying  Assets.  The  amendments  provide  a  practical  approach  for  measuring 
deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets in respect of investment property.  The adoption of this 
amended standard clarifies the treatment of deferred tax on the fair value appreciation of investment 
property and has had no impact on the financial statements. 

The  Group  has  not  adopted  any  other  amended  standard  or  interpretation.    The  only  change  in 
standards  and 
future  presentation, 
measurement  or  disclosure  of  the  Group’s  financial  statements  is  IFRS  9  –  Financial  Instruments.  
This standard has an effective date of January 1, 2013. Comments on the standard are as follows: 

interpretations  which  may  have  a  significant  effect  on 

IAS 17 - Leases 

Classification of leases of land and buildings 

IAS 18 - Revenue 

Determining  whether  an  entity  is  acting  as  a  principal  or    as  an 
agent 

IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets 

Unit of accounting for goodwill impairment test 

IAS 39 – Financial Instruments – 

Recognition and 

               Measurement 

Treating loan repayment penalties as closely related embedded  
derivatives 

Scope exemption for business combination contracts 

Cash flow and hedge accounting 

 (b)  Amendments to International Financial Reporting Interpretations 

The International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) has issued new or amended 
interpretations which are effective from 2010. These interpretations, which do not impact significantly 
the presentation, measurement or in disclosure in these financial statements, are as follows: 
(cid:1)

74  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.1   Basis of preparation (continued) 

IFRS 9 -  Comments 

2.2   Basis of consolidation 

(a)  Subsidiaries 

This standard deals with the classification and measurement of financial instruments, and replaces 
sections of IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. 

IFRS 9 uses a single approach to determine whether a financial asset is measured at amortised 
cost or fair value. The determination is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments 
and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets. 

IFRS  9  has  amended  the  treatment,  applicable  to  financial  liabilities  designated  at  fair  value,  of 
changes  in  own  credit  risk.  Such  changes  are  to  be  recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income 
unless part of a hedging relationship.  

This standard does not address changes contemplated by the International Accounting Standards 
Board with respect to the following related items: 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

impairment methodology for financial assets 
hedge accounting 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(d) Changes in accounting policies 

The Group has changed its accounting policies for insurance contracts as follows: 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

Changes  in  actuarial  liabilities  arising  from  fair  value  movements  in  available  for  sale 
debt   securities. This change is further described and disclosed in notes 2.13(a), 13.2, 
22, 23, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 38. 

Change  in  the  computation  of  property  and  casualty  claim  liabilities  to  include 
discounting by reserving class. This change is further described and disclosed in notes 
2.12(b) (i) and 14.2(a).  

Subsidiaries  are  entities  over  which  the  Group  has  the  power  to  govern  the  financial  and  operating 
policies  generally  accompanying  a  majority  voting  interest.  Subsidiaries  are  consolidated  from  the 
date  on  which  control  is  transferred  to  the  Group,  and  are  de-consolidated  from  the  date  on  which 
control ceases.  

All material intra-group balances, transactions and gains are eliminated on consolidation.  Accounting 
policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  where  necessary  to  ensure  consistency  with  the 
accounting  policies  adopted  by  the  Group.      Minority  interest  balances  represent  the  interest  of 
minority shareholders in subsidiaries not wholly owned by the Group. 
(cid:1)
The  Group  uses  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting  when  control  over  entities  and  insurance 
businesses is obtained by the Group.  The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the 
identifiable assets given, the equity instruments issued and the liabilities incurred or assumed at the 
date of exchange.  Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a 
business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date irrespective of 
the extent of any minority interest. On an acquisition by acquisition basis, the Group recognises any 
minority  interest  in  the  acquiree  either  at  fair  value  or  at  the  minority’s  proportionate(cid:1) share  of  the 
acquiree’s net identifiable assets.   

The  excess  of  the  cost  of  the  acquisition,  the  minority  interest  recognised  and  the  fair  value  of  any 
previously held equity interest in the acquiree, over the fair value of the of the net identifiable assets 
acquired is recorded as goodwill. If there is no excess and there is a shortfall, the Group reassesses 
the  net  identifiable  assets  acquired.  If  after  reassessment,  a  shortfall  remains,  the  acquisition  is 
deemed to be a bargain purchase and the shortfall is recognised in income as a gain on acquisition.  

Subsequent  ownership  changes  in  a  subsidiary,  without  loss  of  control,  are  accounted  for  as 
transactions between owners in the statement of changes in equity.   

Sagicor Financial Corporation  75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:1)

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.2   Basis of consolidation (continued) 

2.2   Basis of consolidation (continued) 

(b) Investment in associated companies 

(e) Pension and investment funds 

The  investments  in  associated  companies,  which  are  not  majority-owned  or  controlled  but  where 
significant influence exists, are included in these consolidated financial statements under the equity 
method  of  accounting.    Investments  in  associated  companies  are  originally  recorded  at  cost  and 
include intangible assets identified on acquisition.  

Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with 
the accounting policies adopted by the Group. 

The Group recognises in income its share of associated companies’ post acquisition income and its 
share  of  the  amortisation  and  impairment  of  intangible  assets  which  were  identified  on  acquisition. 
Unrealised gains or losses on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to 
the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates.  The Group recognises in other comprehensive 
income, its share of associated companies’ post acquisition other comprehensive income. 

 (c) Joint Ventures 

Interests  in  the  assets,  liabilities  and  earnings  of  jointly  controlled  ventures  are  included  in  these 
consolidated  financial  statements  using  the  proportionate  consolidation  method,  eliminating  all 
material related party balances.  

Insurers  have  issued  deposit  administration  and  unit  linked  contracts  in  which  the  full  return  of  the 
assets supporting these contracts accrue directly to the contract-holders.  As these contracts are not 
operated under separate legal trusts, they have been consolidated in these financial statements.  

The  Group  manages  a  number  of  segregated  pension  funds,  mutual  funds  and  unit  trusts.    These 
funds  are  segregated  and  investment  returns  on  these  funds  accrue  directly  to  unit-holders.  
Consequently the assets, liabilities and activity of these funds are not included in these consolidated 
financial  statements  unless  the  Group  has  a  significant  holding  in  the  fund.  Where  a  significant 
holding exists, the Group consolidates the assets, liabilities and activity of the fund and accounts for 
any non-controlling interest as a financial liability. 

(f)  Employees share ownership plan (ESOP)  

The Company has established an ESOP Trust which either acquires Company shares on the open 
market,  or  is  allotted  new  shares  by  the  Company.  The  Trust  holds  the  shares  on  behalf  of 
employees  until  the  employees’  retirement  or  termination  from  the  Group.  Until  distribution  to 
employees, shares held by the Trust are accounted for as treasury shares. All dividends received by 
the(cid:1)Trust shall be applied towards the purchase of additional Company shares. 
(cid:1)
2.3   Foreign currency translation 

(d)  Divestitures 

(a)  Functional and presentational currency 

On  the  disposal  of  or  loss  of  control  of  a  subsidiary,  the  Group  de-recognises  the  related  assets, 
liabilities, minority interest and associated goodwill of the subsidiary. The Group reclassifies its share 
of balances of the subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income either to income 
or  to  retained  earnings  as  appropriate.  The  gain  (or  loss)  on  divestiture  recorded  in  income  is  the 
excess  (or  shortfall)  of  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  over  the  de-recognised  and 
reclassified balances. 

Items included in the financial statements of each reporting unit of the Group are measured using the 
currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency).  
A reporting unit may be an individual subsidiary, a branch of a subsidiary or an intermediate holding 
company group of subsidiaries.  

The consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of United States dollars, which is 
the Group’s presentational currency. 

76  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.3   Foreign currency translation (continued) 

2.3   Foreign currency translation (continued) 

(b) Reporting units 

The  results  and  financial  position  of  reporting  units  that  have  a  functional  currency  other  than  the 
Group’s presentational currency are translated as follows: 

(i) 

  Income, other comprehensive income, movements in equity and cash flows are translated      

                at average exchange rates for the year. 

On  consolidation,  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  net  investment  in  foreign 
entities are recorded in other comprehensive income.  On the disposal or loss of control of a foreign 
entity, such exchange differences are transferred to income.   

Goodwill and other intangible assets recognised on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as 
assets and liabilities of the foreign entity, and are translated at the rate ruling on December 31.  

(ii) 

(iii) 

  Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates ruling on December 31.  

  Resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

(c) Transactions and balances 

Currencies  which  are  pegged  to  the  United  States  dollar  are  converted  at  the  pegged  rates. 
Currencies which float are converted to the United States dollar by reference to the average of buying 
and selling rates quoted by the respective central banks or in the case of pounds sterling, according to 
prevailing market rates. 

Exchange rates of the other principal operating currencies to the United States dollar were as follows:  

December 
2010 
closing rate 

2010 
average rate 

December 
2009 
closing rate 

2009 
average rate 

Barbados dollar 

2.0000 

2.0000 

2.0000 

2.0000 

Jamaica dollar 

85.6606 

87.4076 

89.3088 

87.8012 

Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated  into  the  functional  currency  at  the  exchange  rates 
prevailing at the dates of the transactions.  Foreign exchange gains and losses, which result from the 
settlement  of  foreign  currency  transactions  and  from  the  re-translation  of  monetary  assets  and 
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, are recognised in the income statement.  Non-monetary 
assets and liabilities, primarily deferred acquisition costs and unearned premiums, are maintained at 
the transaction rates of exchange.  

The foregoing exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the income statement are included 
in other revenue. 
(cid:1)
Exchange  differences  on  the  re-translation  of  the  fair  value  of  non-monetary  items  such  as  equities 
held  at  fair  value  through  income  are  reported  as  part  of  the  fair  value  gain  or  loss.    Exchange 
differences  on  the  re-translation  of  the  fair  value  of  non-monetary  items  such  as  equities  held  as 
available for sale are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss in other comprehensive income. 

Trinidad & Tobago  dollar 

6.3766 

6.3424 

6.3574 

6.2996 

  2.4   Segments 

Pound sterling 

0.6388 

0.64716 

0.6193 

0.6457 

The Group adopted IFRS 8 Operating segments for the 2009 financial statements. Reportable operating 
segments  have  been  accordingly  defined  on  the  basis  of  performance  and  resource  allocation 
decisions of the Group’s Chief Executive Officer.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.5     Investment property 

Investment  property  consists  of  freehold  lands  and  freehold  properties  which  are  held  for  rental 
income and/or capital appreciation. 

Investment property is recorded initially at cost. In subsequent financial years, investment property is 
recorded  at  fair  values  determined  by  independent  valuers,  with  the  appreciation  or  depreciation  in 
value  being  taken  to  investment  income.    Investment  property  includes  property  held  under 
partnership  and  joint  venture  arrangements  with  third  parties  which  are  accounted  for  under  the 
proportionate consolidation basis.   

Transfers to or from investment property are recorded when there is a change in use of the property. 
Transfers to owner-occupied property or to real estate developed for resale are recorded at the fair 
value at the date of change in use.  Transfers from owner-occupied property are recorded at their fair 
value and any difference with carrying value at the date of change in use is dealt with in accordance 
with note 2.6.    

Investment property may include property of which a portion is held for rental to third parties and the 
other  portion  is  occupied  by  the  Group.  In  such  circumstances,  the  property  is  accounted  for  as  an 
investment property if the Group’s occupancy level is not significant in relation to the total available 
occupancy. Otherwise, it is accounted for as an owner-occupied.   

Rental income is recognised on an accruals basis. 

2.6   Property, plant and equipment   

2.6   Property, plant and equipment (continued) 
(cid:1)
On disposal of owner-occupied property, the amount included in the fair value reserve is transferred to 
retained earnings. Owner-occupied property includes property held under partnership and joint venture 
arrangements with third parties which are accounted for under the proportionate consolidation basis.   

The Group, as lessor, enters into operating leases with third parties to lease assets. Operating leases 
are leases in which the Group maintains substantially the risks of ownership and the associated assets 
are  recorded  as  property,  plant  and  equipment.  Income  from  operating  leases  is  recognised  on  the 
straight-line basis over the term of the lease.  

Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method to write down the cost or fair value of property, 
plant  and  equipment  to  residual  value  over  the  estimated  useful  life.  Estimated  useful  lives  are 
reviewed annually and are as follows. 

Asset 

Buildings 

Estimated useful life 

40 to 50 years 

Furnishings and leasehold improvements 

10 years or lease term 

Computer and office equipment 

Vehicles 

Leased equipment and vehicles 

3 to 10 years 

4 to 5 years 

5 to 6 years  

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  recorded  initially  at  cost.  Subsequent  expenditure  is  capitalised 
when it will result in future economic benefits to the Group. 

Lands are not depreciated. 

Owner-occupied  property  is  re-valued  at  least  every  three  years  to  its  fair  value  as  determined  by 
independent valuers.  Revaluation of a property may be conducted more frequently if circumstances 
indicate that a significant change in fair value has occurred. Movements in fair value are reported in 
other  comprehensive  income,  unless  there  is  a  cumulative  depreciation  in  respect  of  an  individual 
property, which is then recorded in income.   Accumulated  depreciation  at  the  date  of  revaluation  is 
eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset. 

The carrying amount of an asset is written down immediately through the depreciation account if the 
carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.   

Gains or losses recognised in income on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are 
determined by comparing the net sale proceeds to the carrying value. 

78  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.7   Intangible assets  

(a) Goodwill 

Goodwill (defined in note 2.2(a)) arising from an acquisition of a subsidiary or insurance business is 
allocated to appropriate cash generating units which are defined by the Group’s operating segments. 
Goodwill arising in a reportable operating segment is allocated to that segment. Goodwill arising in a 
Group  entity,  which  is  not  within  a  reportable  operating  segment,  is  allocated  to  that  entity’s  own 
operations,  or,  if  that  entity  is  managed  in  conjunction  with  another  Group  entity,  to  their  combined 
operations.  

Goodwill arising from an investment in an associate is included in the carrying value of the investment. 

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment.  

On  disposal  of  a  subsidiary  or  insurance  business,  the  associated  goodwill  is  de-recognised  and  is 
included in the gain or loss on disposal. On the disposal of a subsidiary or insurance business forming 
part of a reportable operating segment, the proportion of goodwill disposed is the proportion of the fair 
value of the asset disposed to the total fair value of the operating segment. 

 (b) Other intangible assets 

Other  intangible  assets  identified  on  acquisition  are  recognised  only  if  future  economic  benefits 
attributable  to  the  asset  will  flow  to  the  Group  and  if  the  fair  value  of  the  asset  can  be  measured 
reliably. In addition, for the purposes of recognition, the intangible asset must be separable from the 
business being acquired or must arise from contractual or legal rights. Intangible assets acquired in a 
business combination are initially recognised at their fair value.  

Other intangible assets, which have been acquired directly, are recorded initially at cost.   

On acquisition, the useful life of the asset is estimated. If the estimated useful life is definite, then the 
cost  of  the  asset  is  amortised  over  its  life,  and  is  tested  for  impairment  when  there  is  evidence  of 
same. If the estimated useful life is indefinite, the asset is tested annually for impairment.   

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.7   Intangible assets (continued) 

The estimated useful lives of recognised intangible assets are as follows: 

Class of intangible asset  Asset 

Estimated useful life 

Customer related 

Customer relationships 

4 - 20 years 

Broker relationships 

10 years 

4 – 10 years 

Indefinite 

15 years 

2 – 10 years 

Marketing related 

Trade names 

Contract based 

Technology based 

Syndicate capacity 

Licences 

Software 

2.8 

Financial assets 

a)  Classification 

The Group classifies its financial assets into four categories: 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

held to maturity financial assets; 

available for sale financial assets; 

financial assets at fair value through income; 

loans and receivables. 

Management determines the appropriate classification of these assets on initial recognition. 

(cid:1)
Held  to  maturity  financial  assets  are  non-derivative  financial  instruments  with  fixed  or  determinable 
payments and fixed maturities that management has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity. 

Loans  and  receivables  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable  payments  that 
are not quoted in an active market.   

Sagicor Financial Corporation  79

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.8   Financial Assets (continued) 

Financial assets in the category at fair value through income comprise designated assets or held for 
trading assets. These are set out below. 

Assets designated by management on acquisition form part of managed portfolios        

(cid:1) 
         whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with documented    
        investment strategies. They comprise investment portfolios backing deposit  
         administration and unit linked policy contracts for which the full return on the portfolios  
        accrue to the contract-holders. 

Held for trading securities are acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the  

(cid:1) 
        short-term or if they form part of a portfolio of financial assets in which there is  
         evidence of short-term profit taking.  Derivatives are also classified as held for trading  
        unless designated as hedges.   

Available for sale financial assets are non-derivative financial instruments intended to be held for an 
indefinite period of time and which may be sold in response to liquidity needs or changes in interest 
rates, exchange rates and equity prices.   

(b)  Recognition and measurement 

Purchases  and  sales  of  financial  investments  are  recognised  on  the  trade  date.    Interest  income 
arising on investments is accrued using the effective yield method. Dividends are recorded in revenue 
when due.  

Held  to  maturity  assets,  loans  and  receivables  are  carried  at  amortised  cost  less  provision  for 
impairment. 

(cid:1)
Financial assets in the category at fair value through income are measured initially at fair value and 
are  subsequently  re-measured  at  their  fair  value  based  on  quoted  prices  or  internal  valuation 
techniques.  Realised  and  unrealised  gains  and  losses  are  recorded  as  net  gains  in  investment 
income.  Interest  and  dividend  income  are  recorded  under  their  respective  heads  in  investment 
income. 

80  Sagicor Financial Corporation

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.8   Financial Assets (continued) 
(cid:1)
Financial  assets  in  the  available  for  sale  category  are  measured  initially  at  fair  value  and  are 
subsequently re-measured at their fair value based on quoted prices or internal valuation techniques. 
Unrealised  gains  and  losses,  net  of  deferred  income  taxes,  are  reported  in  other  comprehensive 
income.    Either  on  the  disposal  of  the  asset  or  if  the  asset  is  determined  to  be  impaired,  the 
previously  recorded  unrealised  gain  or  loss  is  transferred  to  investment  income.  Discounts  and 
premiums on available for sale securities are amortised using the effective yield method. 

(c)  Fair value  

Fair  value  amounts  represent  estimates  of  the  consideration  that  would  be  agreed  upon  between 
knowledgeable, willing parties who are under no compulsion to act and is best evidenced by a quoted 
market value, if one exists.  

The  estimated  fair  values  of  financial  assets  are  based  on  quoted  bid  prices  of  securities  as  at 
December 31 where available.  In estimating the fair value of non-traded financial assets, the Group 
uses  a  variety  of  methods  such  as  obtaining  dealer  quotes  and  using  discounted  cash  flow 
techniques.    Where  discounted  cash  flow  techniques  are  used,  estimated  future  cash  flows  are 
discounted  at  market  derived  rates  for  government  securities  in  the  same  country  of  issue  as  the 
security; for non-government securities, an interest spread is added to the derived rate for a similar 
government security rate according to the perceived additional risk of the non-government security.   

(d)  Impaired financial assets 

A  financial  asset  is  considered  impaired  if  its  carrying  amount  exceeds  its  estimated  recoverable 
amount.   

An impairment loss for assets carried at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between the 
carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  expected  future  cash  flows  discounted  at  the  original 
effective  interest  rate.    The  carrying  value  of  impaired  financial  assets  is  reduced  by  impairment 
losses. 

The recoverable amount for an available for sale security is its fair value.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.8   Financial Assets (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.8   Financial Assets (continued) 

For an available for sale equity security, an impairment loss is recognised in income if there has been 
a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost.  Determination of what is significant or 
prolonged requires judgement which includes consideration of the volatility of the fair value, and the 
financial condition and financial viability of the investee. In this context, management considers a 40% 
decline in fair value below cost to be significant.  Any subsequent increase in fair value occurring after 
the recognition of an impairment loss is reported in other comprehensive income.   

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is 
entered into, and subsequently are re-measured at their fair value at each financial statement date.  
The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated 
as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.  The Group designates its 
interest  rate  swaps  as  cash  flow  hedges.      Fair  values  are  obtained  from  quoted  market  prices, 
discounted cash flow models and option pricing models as appropriate. 

For  an  available  for  sale  security  other  than  an  equity  security,  if  the  Group  assesses  that  there  is 
objective evidence that the security is impaired, an impairment loss is recognised for the amount by 
which the instrument’s amortised cost exceeds its fair value. If in a subsequent period the impairment 
loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment 
was  recognised,  the  previously  recognised  impairment  loss  is  reversed,  and  the  amount  of  the 
reversal is recognised in revenue. 

The  Group  documents  at  the  inception  of  the  transaction  the  relationship  between  hedging 
instruments and hedged items, as well as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking 
various hedging transactions.  The Group also documents its assessments, both at hedge inception 
and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly 
effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. 

(cid:1)
(e) Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Securities  purchased  under  agreements  to  resell  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  are 
subsequently stated at amortised cost. Securities purchased under agreements to resell are treated 
as  collateralised  financing  transactions.  The  difference  between  the  purchase  and  resale  price  is 
treated as interest and is accrued over the life of the agreements using the effective yield method. 

(f) Finance leases 

The Group, as lessor, enters into finance leases with third parties to lease assets. Finance leases are 
leases  in  which  the  Group  has  transferred  substantially  the  risks  of  ownership  to  the  lessee.    The 
finance lease, net of unearned finance income, is recorded as a receivable and the finance income is 
recognised over the term of the lease using the effective yield method. 
(cid:1)
(g) Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities 

Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from the price of underlying items such as 
equities,  bonds,  interest  rates,  foreign  exchange,  credit  spreads,  commodities  or  other  indices.  
Derivatives  enable  users  to  increase,  reduce  or  alter  exposure  to  credit  or  market  risk.    The  Group 
transacts derivatives for three primary purposes: to create risk management solutions for customers, 
for proprietary trading purposes, and to manage its own exposure to credit and market risk. 

For cash flow hedges, gains and losses relating to the effective portion of changes in the fair value of 
derivatives  are  initially  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income,  and  are  transferred  to  the 
statement  of  income  when  the  forecast  cash  flows  affect  income.    The  gain  or  loss  relating  to  the 
ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of income. 

Gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting 
are included in income. 

(h) Embedded derivatives 

The  Group  holds  certain  bonds  and  preferred  equity  securities  that  contain  options  to  convert  into 
common shares of the issuer. These options are considered embedded derivatives. 

If the measurement of an embedded derivative can be separated from its host contract, the embedded 
derivative is carried at current market value and is presented with its related host contract. Unrealised 
gains and losses are recorded as investment income. 

If  the  measurement  of  an  embedded  derivative  cannot  be  separated  from  its  host  contract,  the  full 
contract is accounted for as a financial asset at fair value through income. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.8   Financial Assets (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.11    Cash and cash equivalents 

(i) Financial assets held in trust under modified coinsurance arrangements 

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise: 

These  assets  are  held  in  trust  for  a  reinsurer  and  are  in  respect  of  policy  liabilities  ceded  to  the 
reinsurer. The assets are recognised in the financial statements along with a corresponding account 
payable to the reinsurer.  The income statement includes the interest income from these assets and a 
corresponding interest expense due to the reinsurer.   

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

cash balances,  

call deposits,  

other liquid balances with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date,  

less bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand, 

less other borrowings from financial institutions made for the purpose of meeting cash 

 2.9   Real estate developed or held for resale 

commitments and which have maturities of three months or less from origination. 

Lands being made ready for resale along with the cost of infrastructural works are classified as real 
estate held for resale and are stated at the lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell.  

Cash equivalents are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.  

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is classified as real estate held for resale and is stated at the 
lower of carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. 

2.12    Policy contracts  

(a) Classification 

Gains and losses realised on the sale of real estate are included in revenue at the time of sale. 

2.10   Impairment of non-financial assets 

The  Group’s  policy  for  the  potential  impairment  of  property,  plant,  equipment,  intangible  assets  and 
investments in associated companies is set out below. 

Assets  that  have  an  indefinite  useful  life  are  not  subject  to  amortisation  and  are  tested  annually  for 
impairment.  Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  An impairment 
loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  exceeds  its  recoverable 
amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value 
in use.   

The  Group  issues  policy  contracts  that  transfer  insurance  risk  and  /  or  financial  risk  from  the 
policyholder. 

The Group defines insurance risk as an insured event that could cause an insurer to pay significant 
additional benefits in a scenario that has a discernable effect on the economics of the transaction.   

Insurance contracts transfer insurance risk and may also transfer financial risk. Once a contract has 
been classified as an insurance contract, it remains an insurance contract for its duration, even if the 
insurance  risk  reduces  significantly  over  time.  Investment  contracts  transfer  financial  risk  and  no 
significant insurance risk.  Financial risk includes credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk.  

A reinsurance contract is an insurance contract in which an insurance entity cedes assumed risks to 
another insurance entity.  

(cid:1)

82  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

A  number  of  insurance  contracts  contain  a  discretionary  participation  feature.  A  discretionary 
participation  feature  entitles  the  holder  to  receive,  supplementary  to  the  main  benefit,  additional 
benefits or bonuses:(cid:1)

Casualty insurance contracts provide coverage for the risk of causing physical harm or financial loss 
to third parties. Personal accident, employers’ liability, public liability, product liability and professional 
indemnity are common types of casualty insurance.  

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

that are likely to be a significant portion of the total contractual benefits; 

whose amount or timing is contractually at the discretion of management; and 

that are contractually based on  

o 
o 
o 

the performance of a specified pool of contracts; 
investment returns on a specified pool of assets held by the insurer; or 
the profit or loss of a fund or insurer issuing the contract. 

Policy  bonuses  and  policy  dividends  constitute  discretionary  participation  features  which  the  Group 
classifies as liabilities. 

Residual  gains  in  the  participating  accounts  constitute  discretionary  participation  features  which  the 
Group classifies as equity (see also note 2.20). 

(b)  Recognition and measurement 

Policy contracts issued by the Group are summarised below.  

(i)   Property and casualty insurance contracts 

Property and casualty insurance contracts are generally one year renewable contracts issued by the 
insurer covering insurance risks over property, motor, accident, liability and marine.   
(cid:1)
Property insurance contracts provide coverage for the risk of property damage or of loss of property. 
Commercial property, homeowners’ property, motor and certain marine property are common types of 
risks  covered.    For(cid:1) commercial  policyholders  insurance  may  include  coverage  for  loss  of  earnings 
arising from the(cid:1)inability to use property which has been damaged or lost. 
(cid:1)

Premium revenue is recognised as earned on a pro-rated basis over the term of the respective policy 
coverage. If alternative insurance risk exposure patterns have been established over the term of the 
policy  coverage,  then  premium  revenue  is  recognised  in  accordance  with  the  risk  exposure.  The 
provision for unearned premiums represents the portion of premiums written relating to the unexpired 
terms of coverage. 
(cid:1)
Claims and loss adjustment expenses are recorded as incurred.  Claim reserves are established for 
both  reported  and  un-reported  claims.  Claim  reserves  represent  estimates  of  future  payments  of 
claims  and  related  expenses  less  anticipated  recoveries  with  respect  to  insured  events  that  have 
occurred up to the date of the financial statements.  

Reserving involves uncertainty and the use of statistical techniques of estimation. These techniques 
generally  involve  projecting  from  past  experience,  the  development  of  claims  over  time  to  form  a 
view of the likely ultimate claims to be experienced, having regard to variations in business written 
and  the  underlying  terms  and  conditions.   The  claim  reserve  is  discounted  for  separate  reserving 
classes  of  insurance  where  the  expected  average  interval  between  the  dates  of  incurral  and 
settlement is at least 4 years (defined as long-tail claims). The claim reserve is not discounted for 
other classes of insurance. 

The accounting policy for discounting claims has been refined during 2010 to define the criteria for 
discounting by reserving class. A reserving class constitutes a class or sub-class of insurance for 
which claims data is aggregated separately, to which is applied a particular statistical technique and 
common  estimation  factors.  For  example,  direct  motor  is  divided  into  sub-classes,  injury  and 
property damage. Appropriate statistical techniques are applied to each sub-class; injury claims are 
discounted because they satisfy the criteria of being long-tail claims, while property damage claims 
are not discounted because these are relatively short-tail. The change has been adopted in order to 
present a more consistent approach to reserving for long-tail claims.  There was no material effect 
on the prior year claim liabilities in adopting this change. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

An  insurer  may  obtain  reinsurance  coverage  for  its  property  and  casualty  insurance  risks.  The 
reinsurance  ceded  premium  is  expensed  on  a  pro-rata  basis  over  the  term  of  the  respective  policy 
coverage or of the reinsurance contract as appropriate. Reinsurance claim recoveries are established 
at the time of the recording of the claim liability and are computed on a basis which is consistent with 
the  computation  of  the  claim  liability.  Profit  sharing  commission  due  to  the  Group  is  accrued  as 
commission income when there is reasonable certainty of earned profit. 
(cid:1)
Commissions and premium taxes payable are recognised on the same basis as premiums earned. At 
the date of the financial statements, commissions and premium taxes arising on unearned premiums 
are  recorded  as  deferred  policy  acquisition  costs.  Profit  sharing  commission  payable  by  the  Group 
arises from contracts between an insurer and a broker; it is accrued on an aggregate basis and it is 
adjusted to actual in respect of each individual contract when due.  

(ii)   Health insurance contracts 

Health insurance contracts are generally one year renewable contracts issued by the insurer covering 
insurance risks for medical expenses of insured persons.  

Premium  revenue  is  recognised  when  due  for  contracts  where  the  premium  is  billed  monthly.  For 
contracts where the premium is billed annually or semi-annually, premium revenue is recognised as 
earned  on  a  pro-rata  basis  over  the  term  of  the  respective  policy  coverage.  The  provision  for 
unearned  premiums  represents  the  portion  of  premiums  written  relating  to  the  unexpired  terms  of 
coverage. 

Claims are recorded on settlement. Reserves are recorded as described in note 2.13. 

An  insurer  may  obtain  reinsurance  coverage  for  its  health  insurance  risks.  The  reinsurance  ceded 
premium  is  expensed  on  a  pro-rata  basis  over  the  term  of  the  respective  policy  coverage  or  of  the 
reinsurance contract as appropriate.  

Commissions and premium taxes payable are recognised on the same basis as premiums earned. At 
the date of the financial statements, commissions and premium taxes arising on unearned premiums 
are recorded as deferred policy acquisition costs. 

84  Sagicor Financial Corporation

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

(iii)  Long-term traditional insurance contracts 

Long-term traditional insurance contracts are generally issued for fixed terms of five years or more, or 
for the remaining life of the insured.  Benefits are typically a death, disability or critical illness benefit, a 
cash value on termination and/or a monthly annuity. Annuities are generally payable until the death of 
the beneficiaries with a proviso for a minimum number of payments. Some of these contracts have a 
discretionary participation feature in the form of regular bonuses or dividends. Other benefits such as 
disability and waiver of premium on disability may also be included in these contracts. Some contracts 
may  allow  for  the  advance  of  policy  loans  to  the  policyholder  and  may  also  allow  for  dividend 
withdrawals by the policyholder during the life of the contract. 

Premium revenue is recognised when due. Typically, premiums are fixed and are required to be paid 
within  the  due  period  for  payment.    If  premiums  are  unpaid,  either  the  contract  may  terminate,  an(cid:1)
automatic premium loan may settle the premium, or the contract may continue at a reduced value. 

Policy  benefits  are  recognised  on  the  notification  of  death,  disability  or  critical  illness,  on  the 
termination or maturity date of the contract, on the declaration of a cash bonus or dividend or on the 
annuity payment date. Policy loans advanced are recorded as loans and receivables in the financial 
statements  and  are  secured  by  the  cash  values  of  the  respective  policies.  Policy  bonuses  may  be 
“non-cash”  and  utilised  to  purchase  additional  amounts  of  insurance  coverage.  Accumulated  cash 
bonuses and dividends are recorded as interest bearing policy balances.  

Reserves for future policy liabilities are recorded as described in note 2.13. 

An insurer may obtain reinsurance coverage for death benefit insurance risks. Typically, coverage is 
obtained for individual coverage exceeding prescribed limits. The reinsurance premium is expensed 
when  due,  which  generally  coincides  with  when  the  policy  premium  is  due.  Reinsurance  claim 
recoveries are established at the time of claim notification.   

Commissions and premium taxes payable are recognised on the same basis as earned premiums. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

(iv) 

Long-term universal life and unit linked insurance contracts 

Universal  life  and  unit  linked  insurance  contracts  are  generally  issued  for  fixed  terms  or  for  the 
remaining life of the insured. Benefits are typically a death, disability or critical illness benefit, a cash 
value on termination and/or a monthly annuity. Annuities are generally payable until the death of the 
beneficiaries  with  a  proviso  for  a  minimum  number  of  payments.  Benefits  may  include  amounts  for 
disability or waiver of premium on disability.  

Universal  life  and  unit  linked  contracts  have  either  an  interest  bearing  investment  account  or  unit 
linked  investment  accounts.    Either  gross  premiums  or  gross  premiums  net  of  allowances  are 
deposited  to  the  investment  accounts.    Investment  returns  are  credited  to  the  investment  accounts 
and  expenses,  not  included  in  the  aforementioned  allowances,  are  debited  to  the  investment 
accounts.  Interest  bearing  investment  accounts  may  include  provisions  for  minimum  guaranteed 
returns  or  returns  based  on  specified  investment  indices.  Allowances  and  expense  charges  are  in 
respect  of  applicable  commissions,  cost  of  insurance,  administrative  expenses  and  premium  taxes.  
Fund withdrawals may be permitted. 

Premium  revenue  is  recognised  when  received  and  consists  of  all  monies  received  from  the 
policyholders. Typically, premiums are fixed at the inception of the contract or periodically thereafter 
but additional non-recurring premiums may be paid.  

Policy benefits are recognised on the notification of death, disability or critical illness, on the receipt of 
a withdrawal request, on the termination of maturity of the contract or on the annuity payment date.  
Reserves for future policy liabilities are recorded as described in note 2.13. 

An insurer may obtain reinsurance coverage for death benefit insurance risks. Typically, coverage is 
obtained for individual coverage exceeding prescribed limits. The reinsurance premium is expensed 
when  due,  which  generally  coincides  with  when  the  policy  premium  is  due.  Reinsurance  claims 
recoveries are established at the time of claim notification. 

Commissions and premium taxes payable are generally recognised only on settlement of premiums. 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)(cid:1)(v)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)Reinsurance contracts assumed 
(cid:1)
Reinsurance contracts assumed by an insurer are accounted for in a similar manner as if the insurer 
has assumed the risk direct from a policyholder. 

Reinsurance contracts assumed include blocks of life and annuity policies assumed from third party 
insurers.  In some instances, the Group also administers these policies. 

  (vi) 

Reinsurance contracts held 

As noted in sections (i) to (iv) above, an insurer may obtain reinsurance coverage for insurance risks 
underwritten. The Group cedes insurance premiums and risk in the normal course of business in order 
to limit the potential for losses arising from its exposures. Reinsurance does not relieve the originating 
insurer of its liability. 

Reinsurance  contracts  held  by  an  insurer  are  recognised  and  measured  in  a  similar  manner  to  the 
originating  insurance  contracts  and  in  accordance  with  the  contract  terms.  Reinsurance  premium 
ceded and reinsurance recoveries on claims are offset against premium revenue and policy benefits 
in the income statement. 

The  benefits  to  which  an  insurer  is  entitled  under  its  reinsurance  contracts  held  are  recognised  as 
reinsurance assets or receivables.  Reinsurance assets and receivables are assessed for impairment.  
If  there  is  evidence  that  the  asset  or  receivable  is  impaired,  the  impairment  is  recorded  in  the 
statement  of  income.    The  obligations  of  an  insurer(cid:1) under  reinsurance  contracts  held  are  included 
under accounts payable and accrued liabilities or actuarial liabilities. 

Policy  liabilities  include  blocks  of  life  and  annuity  policies  ceded  to  reinsurers  on  coinsurance  or 
modified coinsurance bases.  The Group records as a receivable the reinsurer’s share of the insurer’s 
liabilities on these policies. 

Reinsurance balances are measured consistently with the insurance liabilities to which they relate. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

  (vii) 

Deposit administration and other investment contracts 

(cid:1)
Deposit  administration  contracts  are  issued  by  an  insurer  to  registered  pension  schemes  for  the 
deposit of pension plan assets with the insurer.  

Deposit administration liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and are subsequently stated at:  

(cid:1) 

amortised cost where the insurer is obligated to provide investment returns to the pension  

              scheme in the form of interest; 

2.12    Policy contracts (continued) 

(cid:1)
(d)  

Liability adequacy tests 

At  the  date  of  the  financial  statements,  liability  adequacy  tests  are  performed  by  each  insurer  to 
ensure the adequacy of insurance contract liabilities, using current estimates of the related expected 
future  cash  flows.    If  a  test  indicates  that  the  carrying  value  of  insurance  contract  liabilities  is 
inadequate, then the liabilities are adjusted to correct the deficiency.  The deficiency is included in the 
income statement under benefits.   

(cid:1) 

fair value through income where the insurer is obligated to provide investment returns to the   

2.13   Actuarial liabilities 

               pension scheme in direct proportion to the investment returns on specified blocks of assets. 

(a)  Life insurance and annuity contracts 

Deposit  administration  contributions  are  recorded  directly  as  liabilities.  Withdrawals  are  deducted 
directly  from  the  liability.  The  interest  or  investment  return  provided  is  recorded  as  an  interest 
expense.   

In  addition,  the  Group  may  provide  pension  administration  services  to  the  pension  schemes.  The 
Group earns fee income for both pension administration and investment services. 

Other  investment  contracts  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  are  subsequently  stated  at 
amortised cost and are accounted for in the same manner as deposit administration contracts which 
are similarly classified.   

(c)  Embedded derivatives 

Certain insurance contracts contain embedded derivatives which are options whose value may vary in 
response to changes in interest rates or other market variables. 

The  Group  does  not  separately  measure  embedded  derivatives  that  are  closely  related  to  the  host 
insurance  contract  or  that  meet  the  definition  of  an  insurance  contract.  Options  to  surrender  an 
insurance  contract  for  a  fixed  amount  are  also  not  measured  separately.  In(cid:1) these  cases,  the  entire 
contract liability is measured as set out in note 2.13. 

86  Sagicor Financial Corporation

The  Canadian  Asset  Liability  Method  (CALM)  is  used  for  the  determination  of  actuarial  liabilities  of 
long-term insurance contracts. These liabilities consist of amounts that, together with future premiums 
and  investment  income,  are  required  to  provide  for  future  policy  benefits,  expenses  and  taxes  on 
insurance and annuity contracts.  

The  process  of  calculating  life  insurance  and  annuity  actuarial  liabilities  for  future  policy  benefits 
necessarily  involves  the  use  of  estimates  concerning  such  factors  as  mortality  and  morbidity  rates, 
future  investment  yields,  future  expense  levels  and  persistency,  including  reasonable  margins  for 
adverse deviations.  As experience unfolds, these provisions for adverse deviations will be included in 
future income to the extent they are no longer required to cover adverse experience.  Assumptions 
used to project benefits, expenses and taxes are based on Group and industry experience and are 
updated annually.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.13   Actuarial liabilities (continued) 
(cid:1)
CALM  is  based  on  an  explicit  projection  of  cash  flows  using  best  estimate  assumptions  for  each 
material  cash  flow  item  and  contingency.  Investment  returns  are  based  on  projected  investment 
income using the current asset portfolios and projected re-investment strategies.  Each assumption is 
adjusted by a margin for adverse deviation. 

Under  CALM,  assets  of  each  insurer  are  selected  to  back  the  actuarial  liabilities  of  each  insurer. 
Changes in the carrying value of these assets may generate corresponding changes in the carrying 
amount of the associated actuarial liabilities. These assets include available for sale securities, whose 
changes in carrying value are recorded in other comprehensive income. The Group has changed its 
accounting  policy  for  recording  the  changes  in  actuarial  liabilities  which  result  directly  from  the 
changes in the carrying value of backing assets which are recorded in other comprehensive income. 
The  adopted  policy  is  to  reflect  also  in  other  comprehensive  income  the  resulting  changes  in  the 
carrying  amount  of  the  actuarial  liabilities.  In  prior  years,  the  Group  recorded  these  changes  to  the 
actuarial liabilities in income. With the adoption of this change, the income and other comprehensive 
income results provide more consistent measures of performance. The change in accounting policy 
has  been  applied  retroactively  to  January  1,  2009,  and  consequently  the  income  and  other 
comprehensive  income  for  2009  have  been  restated.    In  addition,  a  fair  value  reserve  for  actuarial 
liabilities  has  been  established  in  the  statement  of  equity  for  the  accumulation  of  the  amounts 
recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income.  The  impact  of  the  change  in  accounting  policy  is 
summarised in note 38. 

Certain  life  insurance  policies  issued  by  the  insurer  contain  equity  linked  policy  side  funds.  The 
investment returns on these unitised funds accrue directly to the policies with the insurer assuming no 
credit  risk.  Investments  held  in  these  side  funds  are  accounted  for  as  financial  assets  at  fair  value 
through income and unit values of each fund are determined by dividing the value of the assets in the 
fund at the date of the financial statements by the number of units in the fund. The resulting liability is 
included in actuarial liabilities. 
(cid:1)
(b)  Health insurance contracts 

The actuarial liabilities of health insurance policies are estimated in respect of claims that have been 
incurred but not yet reported or settled.   

(cid:1)

2.14   Financial liabilities 

During the ordinary course of business, the Group issues investment contracts or otherwise assumes 
financial  liabilities  that  expose  the  Group  to  financial  risk.  The  recognition  and  measurement  of  the 
Group’s  principal  types  of  financial  liabilities  are  disclosed  in  note  2.12(b)  (vii)  and  in  the  following 
paragraphs.  

 (a)  Securities sold under agreements to repurchase  

Securities  sold  under  agreements  to  repurchase  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  are 
subsequently stated at amortised cost. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as 
collateralised financing transactions.  The difference between the sale and repurchase price is treated 
as interest and is accrued over the life of the agreements using the effective yield method. 

(b) Deposit liabilities 

Deposits are recognised initially at fair value and are subsequently stated at amortised cost using the 
effective yield method.  

(c) Loan obligations  

Loan  obligations  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value,  being  their  issue  proceeds,  net  of  transaction 
costs  incurred.  Subsequently,  loan  obligations  are  stated  at  amortised  cost  and  any  difference 
between  net  proceeds  and  the  redemption  value  is  recognised  in  the  income  statement  over  the 
period of the loan obligations using the effective yield method. 

Loan obligations undertaken for the purposes of financing operations and capital support are classified 
as  notes  or  loans  payable  and  the  associated  cost  is  classified  as  finance  costs.  Loan  obligations 
undertaken  for  the  purposes  of  providing  funds  for  on-lending,(cid:1) leasing  or  portfolio  investments  are 
classified as deposit and security liabilities and the associated cost is included in interest expense. 
(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.14   Financial liabilities (continued) 

2.17   Fees and other revenue 

(d)  Fair value 

Fair  value  amounts  represent  estimates  of  the  consideration  that  would  currently  be  agreed  upon 
between knowledgeable, willing parties who are under no compulsion to act and is best evidenced by 
a quoted market value, if one exists.  

The estimated fair values of financial liabilities are based on market values of quoted securities as at 
December 31 where available.  In assessing the fair value of non-traded financial liabilities, the Group 
uses a variety of methods including obtaining dealer quotes for specific or similar instruments and the 
use  of  internally  developed  pricing  models,  such  as  the  use  of  discounted  cash  flows.  If  the  non-
traded liability is backed by a pool of assets, then its value is equivalent to the value of the underlying 
assets. 

2.15   Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation, as a result of past 
events,  if  it  is  probable  that  an  outflow  of  resources  will  be  required  to  settle  the  obligation,  and  a 
reliable estimate of the amount can be made.  

2.16   Interest income and expenses 

Interest  income  and  expenses  are  recognised  in  the  income  statement  for  all  interest  bearing 
instruments on an accrual basis using the effective yield method based on the initial transaction price. 
Interest includes coupon interest and accrued discount and premium on financial instruments.(cid:1)(cid:1)

(cid:1)
Fees  and  non-insurance  commission  income  are  recognised  on  an  accrual  basis  when  the  service 
has been provided. Fees and commissions arising from negotiating or participating in the negotiation 
of a transaction for a third party are recognised on completion of the underlying transaction.  Portfolio 
and  other  management  advisory  and  service  fees  are  recognised  based  on  the  applicable  service 
contracts, usually on a time-apportionate basis. Asset management fees related to investment funds 
are recognised rateably over the period in which the service is provided. Performance linked fees or 
fee  components  are  recognised  when  the  performance  criteria  are  fulfilled.  Other  revenue  is 
recognised on an accrual basis when the related service has been provided. 

2.18   Employee benefits 
(cid:1)
(a)  Pension benefits 

Group  companies  have  various  pension  schemes  in  place  for  their  employees.  Some  schemes  are 
defined benefit plans and others are defined contribution plans. 

The liability in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at 
December 31 minus the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial 
gains or losses and past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is computed using the projected 
unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by the estimated 
future cash outflows using appropriate interest rates for the maturity dates and location of the related 
liability.  

Actuarial  gains  and  losses  arising  from  experience  adjustments,  changes  in  actuarial  assumptions, 
and amendments to pension plans are charged or credited to the income statement over the average 
service lives of the related employees. Past service costs are charged to the income statement on a 
straight line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. Past service costs are 
recognised immediately if the benefits vest immediately. 
(cid:1)

88  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.18   Employee benefits (continued) 

2.18   Employee benefits (continued) 

For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to the pension schemes on a mandatory 
or  contractual  basis.  Once  paid,  the  Group  has  no  further  payment  obligations.  The  regular 
contributions constitute net periodic costs for the year in which they are due and as such are included 
in expenses in the income statement.   

If  the  equity  instruments  granted  vest  immediately  and  the  individual  is  not  required  to  complete  a 
further  period  of  service  before  becoming  entitled  to  those  instruments,  the  services  received  are 
recognised in full on grant date in the income statement for the period, with a corresponding increase 
in equity.   

(cid:1)
  (b)  Other retirement benefits 

Certain  Group  subsidiaries  provide  supplementary  health,  dental  and  life  insurance  benefits  to 
qualifying  employees  upon  retirement.  The  entitlement  to  these  benefits  is  usually  based  on  the 
employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service period. 
The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment, using an accounting 
methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans.  

(c)  Profit sharing and bonus plans 

The  Group  recognises  a  liability  and  an  expense  for  bonuses  and  profit  sharing,  based  on  various 
profit  and  other  objectives  of  the  Group  as  a  whole  or  of  individual  subsidiaries.    An  accrual  is 
recognised where there are contractual obligations or where past practice has created a constructive 
obligation. 

(cid:1)
(d)  Equity compensation benefits 

The Group has a number of share-based compensation plans in place for administrative, sales and 
managerial staff. 

(cid:1)
(i)  Equity-settled share-based transactions with staff 

(cid:1)
The services received in an equity-settled transaction with staff are measured at the fair value of the 
equity instruments granted. The fair value of those equity instruments is measured at grant date. 
(cid:1)

Where the equity instruments do not vest until the individual has completed a further period of service, 
the  services  received  are  expensed  in  the  income  statement  during  the  vesting  period,  with  a 
corresponding increase in the share based payment reserve or in minority interest.  

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of instruments that are 
expected to vest.   At each reporting financial statement date, the Group revises its estimates of the 
number of instruments that are expected to vest based on the non-marketing vesting conditions and 
adjusts the expense accordingly.  

Amounts held in the share based payment reserve are transferred to share capital or minority interest 
either on the distribution of share grants or on the exercise of share options. 

The grant by the Company of its equity instruments to employees of Group subsidiaries is treated as a 
capital contribution in the financial statements of the subsidiary. The full expense relating to the grant 
is recorded in the subsidiary’s income statement. 

(ii)  Cash-settled share-based transactions with staff 

The services received in a cash-settled transaction with staff and the liability to pay for those services, 
are recognised at fair value as the individual renders services. Until the liability is settled, the fair value 
of the liability is re-measured at the date of the financial statements and at the date of settlement, with 
any changes in fair(cid:1)value recognised in income during that period. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.18   Employee benefits (continued) 

(iii)  Measurement of the fair value of equity instruments granted 

2.19   Taxes 

(a)  Premium taxes 

The equity instruments granted consist either of grants of, or options to purchase, common shares of 
listed entities within the Group. For common shares granted, the listed price prevailing on the grant 
date determines the fair value. For options granted, the fair value is determined by reference to the 
Black-Scholes  valuation  model,  which  incorporates  factors  and  assumptions  that  knowledgeable, 
willing market participants would consider in setting the price of the equity instruments.  

(e)  Termination benefits 

Termination  benefits  are  payable  whenever  an  employee’s  employment  is  terminated  before  the 
normal  retirement  date  or  whenever  an  employee  accepts  voluntary  redundancy  in  exchange  for 
these  benefits.    The  Group  recognises  termination  benefits  when  it  is  demonstrably  committed  to 
either terminate the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without the 
possibility of withdrawal or to provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage 
voluntary  redundancy.    Benefits  falling  due  more  than  twelve  months  after  the  date  of  the  financial 
statements are discounted to present value. 

Insurers are subject to tax on premium revenues generated in certain jurisdictions. The principal rates 
of premium tax are as follows:  

Barbados  

Jamaica 

Trinidad and Tobago 

Life insurance and 
non-registered 
annuities 
3% - 6% 

3% 

Nil 

United States of America 

0.75% - 3.5% 

(b) 

Income taxes 

Health  
insurance 

4% 

Nil 

Nil 

Nil 

Property and 
casualty 
insurance 
4.0% - 4.75% 

Nil 

6% 

Nil 

The  Group  is  subject  to  taxes  on  income  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  business  operations  are 
conducted.  Rates of taxation in the principal jurisdictions for income year 2010 are as follows: 

Life insurance 
and 
non-registered 
annuities 
5% of gross 
investment income 
15% of 
investment income 
15% of 
investment income 

Barbados  

Jamaica 

Trinidad and Tobago 

United Kingdom 

28% of net income 

Registered 
annuities 

Other lines of 
business 

Nil 

Nil 

Nil 

n/a 

25% of  
net income 
15% - 33.33%  
of net income 
25%  
of net income 
28%  
of net income 
35%  
of net income 

United States of America 

35% 
of net income 

35%  
of net income 

90  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.19   Taxes   (continued) 

 (i)   Current income taxes 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using the tax rates in effect 
for the year. Adjustments to tax payable from prior years are also included in current tax. 

(ii)  Deferred income taxes 

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between 
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred 
income  taxes  are  computed  at  tax  rates  that  are  expected  to  apply  to  the  period  when  the  asset  is 
realised or the liability settled. Deferred tax assets are only recognised when it is probable that taxable 
profits will be available against which the asset may be utilised.   

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to do so.  

Deferred  tax,  related  to  fair  value  re-measurement  of  available  for  sale  investments  and  cash  flow 
hedges  which  are  recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income,  is  recorded  in  other  comprehensive 
income and is subsequently recognised in income together with the deferred gain or loss. 

2.20   Participating accounts 

(a)  “Closed” participating account  

For participating policies of Sagicor Life Inc in force at de-mutualisation, Sagicor Life Inc established a 
closed  participating  account  in  order  to  protect  the  guaranteed  benefits  and  future  policy  dividends, 
bonuses and other non-guaranteed benefits of the afore-mentioned policies. The rules of this account 
require that premiums, benefits, actuarial reserve movements, investment returns, expenses and taxes, 
attributable  to  the  said  policies,  are  recorded  in  a  closed  participating  fund.    Policy  dividends  and 
bonuses of the said policies are paid from the participating fund on a basis substantially the same as 
prior to de-mutualisation. 

2.20   Participating accounts (continued) 

Distributable  profits  of  the  closed  participating  account  are  distributed  to  the  participating  policies  in 
the form of declared bonuses and dividends. Undistributed profits remain in the participating account 
for the benefit of participating policyholders. 

The  participating  account  also  includes  an  ancillary  fund  comprising  the  required  provisions  for 
adverse  deviations  as  determined  in  the  computation  of  actuarial  liabilities  of  the  said  policies. 
Changes  in  the  ancillary  fund  are  not  recorded  in  the  participating  account,  but  are  borne  by  the 
general operations of Sagicor Life Inc. 

(b) “Open” participating account 

Sagicor Life Inc also established an open participating account for participating policies it issues after 
de-mutualisation.  The  rules  of  this  account  require  that  premiums,  benefits,  actuarial  reserve 
movements, investment returns, expenses and taxes, attributable to the said policies are recorded in 
an open participating account.  

The open participating account was established at de-mutualisation.  On February 1, 2005, Sagicor 
Life  Inc  amalgamated  with  Life  of  Barbados  Limited,  and  participating  policies  of  the  latter  were 
transferred to the open participating account.  Accordingly, the liabilities of these participating policies 
and  matching  assets  were  transferred  to  the  open  participating  account.  The  liabilities  transferred 
included an ancillary fund comprising the provisions for adverse deviations on the transferred policies.  
Changes  in  the  ancillary  fund  are  not  recorded  in  the  participating  account,  but  are  borne  by  the 
general operations of Sagicor Life Inc.  

Additional assets to support the profit distribution to shareholders (see below) were also transferred to 
the account. 

Distributable  profits  of  the  open  participating  account  are  shared  between  participating  policies  and 
shareholders  in  a  ratio  of  90:10.  Profits  are  distributed  to  the  participating  policies  in  the  form  of 
declared  bonuses  and  dividends.  Profits  which  are  distributed  to  shareholders(cid:1) are  included  in  the 
allocation  of  Group  net  income  to  shareholders.  Undistributed  profits  /  (losses)  remain  in  the 
participating account in equity.(cid:1)(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.   ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

2.20   Participating accounts (continued) 

2.23   Statutory reserves 

(c)  Financial statement presentation 

The assets and liabilities of the participating accounts are included but not presented separately in the 
financial  statements.  The  revenues,  benefits  and  expenses  of  the  participating  accounts  are  also 
included  but  not  presented  separately  in  the  financial  statements.  However,  the  overall  surplus  of 
assets  held  in  the  participating  funds  over  the  associated  liabilities  is  presented  in  equity  as  the 
participating accounts. The overall net income and other comprehensive income that are attributable 
to the participating funds are disclosed as allocations.  

The initial allocation of additional assets to the participating funds is recognised in equity as a transfer 
from  retained  earnings  to  the  participating  accounts.  Returns  of  additional  assets  from  the 
participating funds are accounted for similarly. 

2.21   Share capital 

In exchange for consideration received, the Company has issued common shares that are classified 
as equity.  Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares are recorded in share 
capital as a deduction from the share issue proceeds. 

Where  a  Group  entity  purchases  the  Company’s  common  shares,  the  consideration  paid,  including 
any  directly  attributable  cost,  is  deducted  from  share  capital  and  is  recorded  as  treasury  shares. 
Where  such  shares  are  subsequently  sold  to  a  third  party,  the  deduction  from  share  capital  is 
reversed, and any difference with net consideration received is recorded in retained earnings. 

2.22   Dividend distributions 

Dividend distributions on the Company’s common shares are recorded in the period during which the 
dividend declaration has been approved by the Directors.  

(cid:1)

92  Sagicor Financial Corporation

Statutory  reserves  are  established  when  regulatory  accounting  requirements  result  in  lower 
distributable profits or when an appropriation of retained earnings is required or permitted by law to 
protect policyholders, insureds or depositors. 

2.24   Presentation of current and non-current assets and liabilities 

In note 41.2, the maturity profiles of financial and insurance assets and liabilities are identified.  For 
other assets and liabilities, balances presented in notes 5 to 8, 10 to 12, 14, 18, 19, 31 and 33 are 
non-current unless otherwise stated in those notes. 
(cid:1)
3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 

The development of estimates and the exercise of judgment in applying accounting policies may have 
a material impact on the Group’s reported assets, liabilities, income and other comprehensive income. 
The items which may have the most effect on the Group’s financial statements are set out below.(cid:1)
(cid:1)
3.1   Impairment of financial assets 

An available for sale debt security, a loan or a receivable is considered impaired when management 
determines that it is probable that all amounts due according to the original contract terms will not be 
collected.  This  determination  is  made  after  considering  the  payment  history  of  the  borrower,  the 
discounted value of collateral and guarantees, and the financial condition and financial viability of the 
borrower.  

The  determination  of  impairment  may  either  be  considered  by  individual  asset  or  by  a  grouping  of 
assets with similar relevant characteristics. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued) 

3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued) 

3.2    Recognition and measurement of intangible assets   

The recognition and measurement of intangible assets, other than goodwill, in a business combination 
involve  the  utilisation  of  valuation  techniques  which  may  be  very  sensitive  to  the  underlying 
assumptions utilised.  These intangibles may be marketing related, customer related, contract based 
or technology based. 

For  significant  amounts  of  intangibles  arising  from  a  business  combination,  the  Group  utilises 
independent  professional  advisors  to  assist  management  in  determining  the  recognition  and 
measurement of these assets. 

3.3    Impairment of intangible assets  

(a)  Goodwill 

The  assessment  of  goodwill  impairment  involves  the  determination  of  the  fair  value  of  the  cash 
generating  business  units  to  which  the  goodwill  has  been  allocated.  Determination  of  fair  value 
involves the estimation of future cash flows or of income before taxes of these business units and the 
expected returns to providers of capital to the business units and / or to the Group as a whole.   

The Group updates its business unit financial projections annually and applies discounted cash flow or 
earnings multiple models to these projections to determine if there is any impairment of goodwill. 

 (b)  Other intangible assets 

The assessment of impairment of other intangible assets involves the determination of the intangible’s 
fair value or value in use.  In the absence of an active market for an intangible, its fair value may need 
to  be  estimated.    In  determining  an  intangible’s  value  in  use,  estimates  are  required  of  future  cash 
flows generated as a result of holding the asset. 

(cid:1)

3.4    Actuarial liabilities  

(a)  Canadian asset liability method (CALM) 

The  objective  of  the  valuation  of  policy  liabilities  is  to  determine  the  amount  of  the  insurer’s  assets 
that, in the opinion of the Appointed Actuary (AA) and taking into account the other pertinent items in 
the  financial  statements,  will  be  sufficient  without  being  excessive  to  provide  for  the  policy  liabilities 
over their respective terms. The amounts set aside for future benefits are dependent on the timing of 
future asset and liability cash flows. 

The  actuarial  liabilities  are  determined  by  the  amount  of  assets  required  to  ensure  that  sufficient 
monies  are  available  to  mature  the  policy  liabilities  as  they  become  due,  even  under  adverse 
economic circumstances.  

The AA identifies the current economic scenario and the existing investment portfolio as at the date of 
the actuarial valuation. The investments required to support the policy liabilities are then determined 
under a variety of future interest rate environments using scenario testing. The total policy liability is 
determined as the amount of assets required to ensure that sufficient monies are available to meet the 
liabilities  as  they  become  due  under  the  “worst  case”  economic  scenario,  that  is,  the  scenario  that 
produces the highest investment requirement.  

The CALM methodology produces the total reserve requirement for each CALM fund.  In general, the 
CALM  methodology  is  used  to  determine  the  net  overall  actuarial  liabilities  required  by  the  insurer. 
Policy premium method (PPM) equivalents are used to determine the amount of reinsurance balances 
in  the  reserve,  the  distribution  of  the  total  reserve  by  country  (for  statutory  reporting),  and  the 
distribution of the reserve by policy.  PPM equivalents and other approximations to CALM have also 
been used in calculating certain components in the actuarial liabilities. 

(b)    Best estimate reserve assumptions & provisions for adverse deviations 

Actuarial liabilities include two major components: a best estimate reserve and a provision for adverse 
deviations.  The  latter  provision  is  established  in  recognition  of  the  uncertainty  in  computing  best 
estimate reserves, to allow for possible deterioration in experience and to provide greater comfort that 
reserves are adequate to pay future benefits. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued) 

3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued) 

3.4    Actuarial liabilities (continued) 

3.5   Property and casualty insurance contracts (continued) 

For  the  respective  reserve  assumptions  for  mortality  and  morbidity,  lapse,  future  investment  yields, 
operating expenses and taxes, best estimate reserve assumptions are determined where appropriate.  
The  assumption  for  operating  expenses  and  taxes  is  in  some  instances  split  by  participating,  non-
participating and universal life / unit linked business.   

Provisions for adverse deviations are established in accordance with the risk profiles of the business, 
and are, as far as is practicable, standardised across geographical areas. Provisions are determined 
within a specific range established by the Canadian Standards of Practice. 

The  principal  assumptions  and  margins  used  in  the  determination  of  actuarial  liabilities  are 
summarised  in  note  13.3.  However,  the  liability  resulting  from  the  application  of  these  assumptions 
can  never  be  definitive  as  to  the  ultimate  timing  or  the  amount  of  benefits  payable  and  is  therefore 
subject to future re-assessment. 

3.5   Property and casualty insurance contracts 

(a)  Policy benefits payable 

The  estimation  of  the  ultimate  liability  arising  from  claims  incurred  under  property  and  casualty 
insurance  contracts  is  subject  to  several  sources  of  uncertainty  that  need  to  be  considered  in 
determining the amount that the insurer will ultimately pay for such claims. 

Claim liabilities are based on estimates due to the fact that the ultimate disposition of claims incurred 
prior  to  the  date  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  reported  or  not,  is  subject  to  the  outcome  of 
events  that  may  not  yet  have  occurred.    Significant  delays  are  experienced  in  the  notification  and 
settlement of certain types of claims, particularly in respect of casualty contracts. Events which may 
affect the ultimate outcome of claims include inter alia, jury decisions, court interpretations, legislative 
changes and changes in the medical condition of claimants.    

Any estimate of future losses is subject to the inherent uncertainties in predicting the course of future 
events.  The  two  most  critical  assumptions  made  to  determine  claim  liabilities  are  that  the  past  is  a 
reasonable  predictor  of  the  likely  level  of  claims  development  and  that  the  statistical  estimation 
models used are fair reflections of the likely level of ultimate claims to be incurred.  Consequently, the 
amounts recorded in respect of unpaid losses may change significantly in the short term.   

Management engages independent actuaries, either to assist in making or to confirm the estimate of 
claim  liabilities.    The  ultimate  liability  arising  from  claims  incurred  under  property  and  casualty 
insurance contracts may be mitigated by recovery arising from reinsurance contracts held. 

 (b)  Premium income 

Sagicor  at  Lloyd’s  insurance  syndicate  1206  writes  a  significant  proportion  of  its  premium  by 
delegated  authority  to  insurance  intermediaries.  Due  to  delays  in  the  notification  of  complete  and 
accurate premium income written, the premium income earned and the associated reinsurance and 
commission balances may have to be estimated.  Accordingly, premium income written has to be re-
assessed in future periods and adjustments made to earned premium, reinsurance and commissions. 

4.   SEGMENTS 

The management structure of Sagicor consists of the parent company Board of Directors, the Group 
Chief  Executive  Officer  (CEO),  subsidiary  company  Boards  of  Directors  and  subsidiary  company 
CEOs.  For  the  parent  company  and  principal  subsidiaries,  there  are  executive  management 
committees  made  up  of  senior  management  who  advise  the  respective  CEOs.  The  principal 
subsidiaries  have  a  full  management  governance  structure,  a  consequence  of  their  being  regulated 
insurance and financial services entities and of the range and diversity of their products and services.   

94  Sagicor Financial Corporation

(cid:1)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

(cid:1)

The Group CEO serves as Board Chairman or as a Board Member of the principal subsidiaries and is 
the Group’s Chief Operating decision maker.  Through subsidiary company reporting, the Group CEO 
obtains details of company performance and of resource allocation needs. Summarisation of planning 
and results and prioritisation of resource allocation is done at the parent company level where strategic 
decisions are taken.     
(cid:1)
In accordance with the relevant financial reporting standard, the Group has determined that there are 
four principal subsidiary Groups which represent the reportable operating segments of Sagicor. These 
segments and other Group companies are set out in the following sections. 

(a)  Sagicor Life Inc 

(cid:1)

This segment comprises Group subsidiaries conducting life, health and annuity insurance business, and 
pension administration services in the Caribbean region, excluding Jamaica and Cayman Islands. The 
companies comprising this segment are set out in the following two tables. 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

Sagicor Life Inc 
Segment  Associated 
Companies 

RGM Limited 

Principal Activities 

Property ownership and 
management 

 Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective 
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

Trinidad & Tobago 

33% 

FamGuard Corporation 
Limited  

Investment holding 
company  

Bahamas 

20% 

Family Guardian 
Insurance Company 
Limited  

Life and health insurance 
and annuities 

Bahamas 

20% 

Family Guardian General 
Insurance Agency Limited  

General insurance 
brokerage  

Bahamas 

20% 

Effective  
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

BahamaHealth Insurance 
Brokers and Benefit 
Consultants Limited  

Insurance brokers and 
benefit consultants 

Bahamas 

20% 

Primo Holding Limited  

Property investment 

Barbados 

38% 

Barbados 

100% 

The Bahamas 

100% 

Aruba 

100% 

(b)  Sagicor Life Jamaica  

This  segment  comprises  Group  subsidiaries  conducting  life,  health,  annuity,  property  and  casualty 
insurance business, and pension administration services and financial services in Jamaica and Cayman 
Islands.  The companies comprising this segment are as follows. 

Sagicor Life Inc 
Segment Companies 

Principal Activities 

 Country of 
Incorporation 

Life and health insurance, 
annuities and pension 
administration services 

Life and health insurance, 
annuities and pension 
administration services 

Life and health insurance, 
annuities and pension 
administration services 

Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Capital Life 
Insurance Company Limited 

Sagicor Life Aruba NV 

Capital Life Insurance 
Company Bahamas Limited 

Life insurance 

The Bahamas 

100% 

Sagicor Panamá, SA 

Life and health insurance 

Panamá 

100% 

Nationwide Insurance 
Company Limited 

Life insurance 

Trinidad & Tobago 

100% 

(cid:1)

.   

Sagicor Financial Corporation  95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 
Segment Companies  
(continued) 

Manufacturers Investments 
Limited  

Sagicor Property Services 
Limited 

LOJ Holdings Limited 

Principal Activities 

Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective 
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

Investment management 

Jamaica 

51% (3) 

Property management 

Jamaica 

59% 

Insurance holding 
company 

Jamaica 

100% 

(1)  Divested  effective January 1, 2010 
(3)   64% until November 2009  

(2)  45% prior to January 1, 2010 
(4)  Commenced operations in 2009      

(cid:1)

.   

Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 
Segment Companies 

Principal Activities 

 Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective  
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 
Limited 

Life and health insurance and 
annuities  

Sagicor Life of the 
Cayman Islands Limited  

Sagicor Pooled 
Investment Funds Limited  

Life insurance 

Jamaica 

The Cayman 
Islands 

Pension fund management 

Jamaica 

Employee Benefits 
Administrator Limited 

Pension administration 
services 

Sagicor Re Insurance 
Limited   

Property and casualty 
insurance 

Jamaica 

The Cayman 
Islands 

Sagicor General 
Insurance (Cayman) 
Limited  

Sagicor Insurance 
Brokers Limited  

Sagicor International 
Administrators Limited (4) 

Property, casualty and health 
insurance 

The Cayman 
Islands 

Insurance brokerage 

Jamaica 

Insurance brokerage 

Jamaica 

Sagicor Insurance 
Managers Limited  

Captive insurance 
management services 

The Cayman 
Islands 

Pan Caribbean Financial 
Services Limited  

Development banking and 
investment management  

59% 

59% 

59% 

59% 

59% 

- (1) (2) 

59% 

59% 

59% (2) 

PanCaribbeanBank 
Limited 

Pan Caribbean Asset 
Management Limited 

Commercial and merchant 
banking 

Investment management 

Jamaica 

51% (3) 

Jamaica 

51% (3) 

Jamaica 

51% (3) 

96  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

(c)  Sagicor Europe 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

(d) 

Sagicor Life USA 

This  segment  comprises  the  Sagicor  at  Lloyd’s  insurance  operations  in  the  UK  and  comprises  the 
following. 

This segment comprises Sagicor’s life insurance operations in the USA and comprises the following. 

Sagicor USA  
Segment Companies 

Principal Activities 

Sagicor Life Insurance 
Company  

Life insurance and 
annuities 

Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective  
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

Texas, USA 

100% 

Laurel Life Insurance 
Company  

Sagicor USA Inc 

Life insurance 

Texas, USA 

100%(cid:1)

Insurance holding 
company 

Delaware, USA 

100%(cid:1)

Sagicor Europe 
Segment Companies 

Principal Activities 

Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective 
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

Sagicor at Lloyd’s Limited 

Managing agent of Lloyd’s of 
London insurance syndicates 

Sagicor Corporate Capital 
Limited (6) 

Property and casualty 
insurance 

UK 

UK 

Sagicor Cayman Reinsurance 
Company Limited (4) 

Property and casualty 
reinsurance 

The Cayman 
Islands 

Sagicor Corporate Capital 
Two Limited (7) 

Life insurance 

Sagicor Syndicate Services 
Limited 

Property and casualty 
insurance agency 

Sagicor Underwriting Limited 

Sagicor Syndicate Holdings 
Limited  

Property and casualty 
insurance agency 

Service company 

UK 

UK 

UK 

UK 

Sagicor Claims 
Management Inc  

Property and casualty 
insurance claims management 

California, 
USA 

Sagicor Europe Limited  

Insurance holding company 

The Cayman 
Islands 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

100% (5) 

(4)  Commenced operations in 2009      

(5)  Effective voting interest is 86% (see note 30.4) 

(6) Lloyd’s of London corporate underwriting member participating in Syndicate 1206 

(7) Lloyd’s of London corporate underwriting member participating in Syndicate 44 

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

(e)   Head office function and other operating companies  

These comprise the following: 
(cid:1)

Other Group Companies  Principal Activities 

 Country of 
Incorporation 

Effective  
Shareholders’ 
Interest 

A  statement  of  income  by  segment  is  set  in  the  following  table.  Total  comprehensive  income  by 
segment is also shown. 

Sagicor Financial 
Corporation 

Sagicor General 
Insurance Inc  

Sagicor Finance Inc  

Sagicor Asset 
Management (T&T) 
Limited, formerly Sagicor 
Merchant Limited  

Sagicor Asset 
Management  Inc  

Barbados Farms Limited  

Sagicor Funds 
Incorporated 

Globe Finance Inc 

The Mutual Financial 
Services Inc 

Sagicor Allnation 
Insurance Company  

Group parent company 

Barbados 

100% 

.   

Property and casualty 
insurance 

Loan and lease financing, and 
deposit taking 

Barbados 

St. Lucia 

53% 

70% 

Investment management 

Trinidad & Tobago 

100% 

Investment management  

Barbados 

100% 

Farming and real estate 
development 

Barbados 

77% 

Mutual fund holding company 

Barbados 

100% 

Loan and lease financing, and 
deposit taking 

Financial services holding 
company 

Barbados 

Barbados 

51% 

73% 

Health insurance 

Delaware, USA 

100% 

Sagicor Finance Limited 

Group financing vehicle 

The Cayman 
Islands  

100% 

98  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.1 

Statement of income by segment        

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

Net premium revenue 

Interest income 

Other investment income 

Fees and other revenues 

Loss on disposal of interest in subsidiary 

Inter-segment revenues 

Net policy benefits 

Net change in actuarial liabilities 

Interest expense 

Administrative expenses 

Commissions and premium taxes 

Finance costs 

Depreciation & amortisation 

Inter-segment expenses 

Segment income / (loss) before taxes 

Income taxes 

Segment income before undernoted items 

Foreign exchange unwinding (1) 

Group finance costs (2) 

Net income / (loss) for the year 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

Total comprehensive income / (loss) by 
segment attributable to shareholders 

Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Life 
Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Sagicor USA 

Head office  
and other 

Adjustments 

Total 

Summary statement of income by segment 

215,510 

66,412 

13,855 

10,986 

- 

4,348 

311,111 

137,342 

33,747 

14,153 

50,878 

34,571 

- 

5,931 

335 

276,957 

34,154 

(5,183) 

28,971 

- 

- 

28,971 

30,236 

29,977 

212,609 

128,935 

28,517 

19,055 

- 

762 

389,878 

121,106 

39,793 

52,562 

67,860 

34,975 

1,577 

5,309 

1,627 

324,809 

65,069 

(8,789) 

56,280 

- 

- 

56,280 

31,960 

53,992 

345,275 

3,219 

(320) 

6,884 

- 

- 

355,058 

235,705 

221 

- 

38,561 

95,216 

221 

1,531 

97 

371,552 

(16,494) 

2,545 

(13,949) 

825 

- 

(13,124) 

(13,124) 

(15,052) 

120,044 

36,273 

4,521 

1,900 

- 

- 

162,738 

44,269 

71,823 

5,927 

22,006 

11,776 

- 

1,566 

535 

157,902 

4,836 

(1,692) 

3,144 

- 

- 

3,144 

3,144 

7,435 

14,708 

10,054 

1,949 

18,146 

(498) 

14,117 

58,476 

7,703 

- 

5,355 

32,866 

7,074 

100 

3,932 

6,867 

63,897 

(5,421) 

(1,885) 

(7,306) 

- 

(18,835) 

(26,141) 

(28,161) 

(29,039) 

(7,196) 

- 

(135) 

4,896 

498 

(19,227) 

(21,164) 

- 

- 

- 

(79) 

(896) 

14,471 

- 

(9,461) 

4,035 

(25,199) 

(306) 

(25,505) 

(825) 

18,835 

(7,495) 

(7,495) 

(9,105) 

900,950 

244,893 

48,387 

61,867 

- 

- 

1,256,097 

546,125 

145,584 

77,997 

212,092 

182,716 

16,369 

18,269 

- 

1,199,152 

56,945 

(15,310) 

41,635 

- 

- 

41,635 

16,560 

38,208 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.1  Statement of income by segment  (continued) 

Statement of income by segment 

             A statement of income by segment is set out below. Total comprehensive income by segment is also shown. 

Summary statement of income by segment  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Life 
Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Summary statement of income by segment  

Sagicor USA 

Head office  
and other 

Adjustments 

Total 

  Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 

 Sagicor Europe 

   Sagicor USA 

Head office & other 

    Adjustments 

Total 

208,588 

231,516 

251,009 

2009 

2009 
Net premium revenue 

Interest income 

Net premium revenue 
Other investment income 

Interest income 

Fees and other revenues 
Other investment income 

Loss on disposal of interest in subsidiary 

Fees and other revenues 
Inter-segment revenues 

Loss on disposal of interest in subsidiary 

Inter-segment revenues 

Net policy benefits 

Net change in actuarial liabilities 

Net policy benefits 

Interest expense 

65,788 

  208,588 

11,625 

    65,788 

11,062 

    11,625 

- 

    11,062 

3,344 

             - 
300,407 

      3,344 

136,096 

  300,407 

20,718 

  136,096 

16,224 

Net change in actuarial liabilities 

Administrative expenses 

Interest expense 

Commissions and premium taxes 

Administrative expenses 

Finance costs 

Commissions and premium taxes 

Depreciation & amortisation 

Finance costs 

Inter-segment expenses 

Depreciation & amortisation 

Inter-segment expenses 

Segment income / (loss) before taxes 

Income taxes 

Segment income / (loss) before taxes 

Segment income before undernoted items 

Income taxes 

Foreign exchange unwinding (1) 

Segment income before undernoted items 

Group finance costs (2) 

  Foreign exchange unwinding (1) 
Net income / (loss) for the year 

  Group finance costs (2) 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

Net income for the year 

Total comprehensive income / (loss) by 
Net income attributable to shareholders 
segment attributable to shareholders 

    24,550 

48,539 

    16,224 

31,490 

    48,539 

- 

    31,490 

5,477 

             - 

364 

      5,477 

258,908 

         364 

41,499 

  262,740 

(5,413) 

    37,667 
    36,086 
(5,413) 
             - 
    32,254 

- 
             - 
    36,086 

40,437 

    32,254 

43,812 

    37,367 

100  Sagicor Financial Corporation

149,534 
  231,516 
17,354 
  149,535 
32,345 
    17,353 
- 
    32,345 
714 
             - 
431,463 
         714 
131,657 
  431,463 
46,901 
  131,657 
73,375 
    46,901 
68,705 
    73,375 
35,737 
    68,705 
2,209 
    35,737 
6,087 
      2,209 
2,022 
      6,087 
366,693 
      2,022 
64,770 
  366,693 

(9,182) 

    64,770 
55,588 
(9,182) 
             - 
    55,588 
- 

             - 

    55,588 

    34,155 
    55,588 
31,172 
    34,155 

2,230 
  248,776 

(401) 

      2,230 
2,801 
(401) 
             - 
      2,801 
             - 
             - 
255,639 
             - 
129,583 
  253,406 

(2,895) 

  129,583 
- 
(2,895) 
26,665 
             - 
73,845 
    26,665 
13 
    73,845 
1,386 
           13 
638 
      1,386 
229,235 
      5,015 
26,404 
  233,612 

(3,431) 

    19,794 
22,973 
(3,430) 
(9,280) 

    16,364 
- 
(9,280) 
13,693 

13,693 
      7,084 
17,840 
      7,084 

152,848 

29,859 
  152,848 
4,765 
    29,859 
2,224 
      4,765 
- 
      2,224 
- 
             - 
189,696 
             - 
39,344 
  189,696 
99,257 
    39,344 
6,309 
  119,679 
20,312 
      6,309 
13,616 
    20,312 
- 
    13,616 
1,632 
             - 
824 
      1,632 
181,294 
         824 
8,402 
  201,716 
(2,941) 
(12,020) 
5,461 
      4,207 
- 
(7,813) 
- 

- 

5,461 

5,461 
(7,813) 
10,085 
(7,813) 

14,299 

(15,318) 

842,942 

10,853 
    14,299 
2,732 
    10,854 
29,121 
      2,608 

(9,493) 

    29,121 
28,708 
(9,493) 
    76,220 
    33,055 
5,881 
    80,444 

(200) 

      5,881 
5,991 
      (200) 
31,640 
      5,991 
6,659 
    31,640 

176  
      6,659 
4,077 
    13,153 
4,630 
      4,077 
58,854 
      4,630 
17,366 
    71,831 

(1,974) 

      8,613 
15,392 
(1,974) 
             - 
      6,639 
(15,105) 
             - 
287 

(3,342) 

      6,639 

(1,595) 

      3,010 

- 
(13,085) 

(123) 

             - 

(9,377) 

             - 
 9,493 
(9,377) 
(32,766) 

      9,493 

(48,091) 
(37,113) 
- 
(50,082) 
- 
             - 
- 
             - 
2,501 
             - 

(3,539) 

      2,501 
12,977 
(3,539) 
- 
             - 

(8,478) 

             - 
3,461 
(12,855) 
(51,552) 
(13,893) 
3,609 
(36,189) 
  (47,943) 
      3,608 
      9,280 
  (32,581) 
15,105 
      9,280 
(23,558) 

(23,558) 
(23,301) 
(18,261) 
(23,301) 

258,264 

    842,942 

35,952 

    258,266 

68,176 

      35,950 

      68,176 

- 

- 

               - 
1,205,334 
               - 

442,561 

 1,205,334 

163,781 

    442,561 

101,899 

    188,035 

198,362 

    101,899 

157,808 

    198,362 

15,375 

    157,808 

18,659 

      15,375 

- 

      18,659 
1,098,445 
               - 

106,889 

 1,122,699 

(19,332) 

      82,635 

87,557 

(12,184) 

- 

      70,451 

- 
               - 
      87,557 

66,846 

      70,451 

83,053 

      50,502 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.1   Statement of income by segment (continued) 

4.1   Statement of income by segment (continued) 

(1)    Foreign  exchange  unwinding  represents  the  impact  to  segment  income  of  translating  unearned 
premium  and  deferred  acquisition  costs  at  historic  rates  of  exchange  instead  of  at  current  rates  of 
exchange. This basis of foreign exchange translation within the segment is reported for management 
purposes.  The  Group’s  accounting  policy  is  explained  in  note  2.3(c)  and  the  difference  in 
measurement basis is further discussed in note 41.4 (a). The unwinding comprises the items in the 
following table which have also been added back in the adjustments column. 

Net premium revenue 

Commissions 

Exchange gains / losses 

Income tax 

Foreign exchange unwinding 

2010 

2009 

(2,942) 

896 

3,177 

(306) 

825 

(13,085) 

3,539 

(3,342) 

3,608 

(9,280) 

 (2)      Group  finance  costs  represent  costs  of  borrowings  and  facilities  initiated  at  Group  level.  These 
include costs relating to the Sagicor 2016 senior notes, a bank loan from the Royal Bank of Canada, 
the letter of credit facilities from the Bank of Nova Scotia and the reinsurance financing costs relating 
to  Sagicor  at  Lloyd’s.  Where  material,  these  costs  have  been  removed  from  the  individual  segment 
which benefits from these borrowings and facilities.  This change in presentation was made this year 
to conform to the format of information provided by the subsidiary company. Comparative figures have 
also been restated. 

(i)   Investment gains 

Fair value investment gains are recognised on: 

 the revaluation of investment property;  
 the revaluation of debt and equity securities classified as at fair value through income; 
 the disposal of debt and equity securities classified as available(cid:1)for sale or loans and     

- 
- 
- 
          receivables. 

Therefore,  significant  gains  and  losses  may  be  triggered  by  changes(cid:1) in  market  prices  and  /  or  by 
decisions to dispose of investments. 
(cid:1)
(ii)   Allowances for impairment of financial investments 

Significant impairment losses may be triggered by changes in market prices and economic conditions. 

(iii)   Foreign exchange gains and losses 

Movements  in  foreign  exchange  rates  may  generate  significant  exchange  gains  or  losses  when  the 
foreign  currency  denominated  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  are  re-translated  at  the  date  of  the 
financial statements.   

(iv)   Gains arising on acquisitions 

Gains arising on acquisitions may be significant and are non-recurring. 

Variations  in  segment  income  may  arise  from  non-recurring  or  other  significant  factors.  The  most 
common factors contributing to variations in segment income are as follows. 

(v)   Movements in actuarial liabilities arising from changes in assumptions 

The  change  in  actuarial  liabilities  for  the  year  includes  the  effects  arising  from  changes  in 
assumptions.  The  principal  assumptions  in  computing  the  actuarial  liabilities  on  life  and  annuity 
contracts  relate  to  mortality  and  morbidity,  lapse,  investment  yields  and  operating  expenses  and 
taxes. Because the process of changes in assumptions is applied to all affected insurance contracts, 
changes in assumptions may have a significant effect in the period in which they are recorded.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.1 

Statement of income by segments (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

The table below summarises by segment the individual line items in the statement of income impacted by the foregoing factors. 

Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Life 
Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Sagicor USA 

Head office  
and other 

Adjustments 

Total 

Variations in income by segment 

2010 

Investment gains  / (losses) 

Allowances for impairment  of financial investments 

Foreign exchange gains  / (losses) 

Gains on acquisitions 

7,512 

139 

251 

27,229 

1,561 

(5,809) 

(320) 

- 

5,843 

1,248 

1,908 

                           - 

238 

                           - 

7,142 

                        - 

(2,301) 

                   1,837 

42,172 

3,186 

1,120 

                           - 

                           - 

                           - 

                           - 

                           - 

                           - 

                             - 

Decrease in policy liabilities  from actuarial assumptions 

(3,337) 

(7,515) 

557 

3,157 

                        - 

                           - 

(7,138) 

2009 

Investment gains  / (losses) 

8,084 

                  12,997 

(401) 

Allowances for impairment  of financial investments 

2,572 

                    1,449 

                            - 

Foreign exchange gains  / (losses) 

                  629 

                    6,289 

(3,396) 

Gains on acquisitions 

Decrease in policy liabilities  from actuarial assumptions 

- 

(32,734) 

- 

(9,734) 

- 

- 

      9,357 

      4,741 

             - 

- 

      2,309 

                        - 

         222 

                        - 

      7,106 

(6,105) 

32,346 

8,984 

4,523 

- 

                           - 

                             - 

      5,282 

              - 

                           - 

(37,186) 

4.2 

Other comprehensive income 

Variations in other comprehensive income may arise also from non-recurring or other significant factors. 
The most common are as follows. 

(ii)   Changes in actuarial liabilities 
Changes in unrealised investment gains identified in (i) above may also generate significant changes in 
actuarial liabilities as a result of the use of asset liability matching in the liability estimation process. 

(i)   Unrealised investment gains 
Fair value investment gains are recognised on the revaluation of debt and equity securities classified as 
available for sale.  Therefore, significant gains and losses may be triggered by changes in market prices. 

(iii)  Foreign exchange gains and losses 
Movements  in  foreign  exchange  rates  may  generate  significant  exchange  gains  or  losses  on  the  re-
translation of the financial statements of foreign currency reporting units.   

102  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.2 

Other comprehensive income (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

The table below summarises by segment the individual line items in the other comprehensive income impacted by the foregoing factors. 

Variations in other comprehensive income by segment  

Sagicor Life Inc  Sagicor Life Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Sagicor USA 

Head office  
and other 

Adjustments 

Total 

2010 

Unrealised investment gains / losses 

                 8,042 

Changes in actuarial liabilities  

Retranslation of foreign currency operations 

(2,282) 

(369) 

2009 

Unrealised investment gains / (losses) 

                12,618 

Changes in actuarial liabilities  

Retranslation of foreign currency operations 

(3,832) 

(1,150) 

28,363 

- 

9,672 

21,364 

- 

(268) 

              11,536 

(131) 

                          - 

                47,542 

- 

(8,294) 

                       - 

                          - 

(10,576) 

(1,660) 

                       - 

(20) 

(1,616) 

                6,007 

(257) 

                11,573 

                2,423 

                       - 

                47,721 

- 

(13,274) 

                       - 

                       - 

(17,106) 

(12,996) 

     (21,580) 

4,404 

                       - 

(87) 

                5,417 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.3 

Statement of financial position by segment 

A summary statement of financial position by segment is set out below.  Eliminations on consideration comprise adjustments to arrive at the Group financial position 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

Financial investments 

Other investments & assets 

Inter-segment assets 

Total assets 

Policy liabilities 

Other operating liabilities 

Inter-segment liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

2009 

Financial investments 

Other investments & assets 

Inter-segment assets 

Total assets 

Policy liabilities 

Other liabilities 

Inter-segment liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Sagicor Life Inc 

Sagicor Life 
Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Sagicor USA 

Head office  
and other 

Adjustments 

Total 

Summary statement of financial position by segment 

1,010,885 

1,444,391 

293,750 

111,546 

199,239 

24,315 

235,360 

374,208 

- 

796,043 

207,372 

339 

1,416,181 

1,667,945 

609,568 

1,003,754 

1,023,969 

66,938 

8,766 

494,767 

858,490 

5,127 

1,099,673 

1,358,384 

490,882 

26,456 

72,939 

590,277 

654,675 

182,459 

23,613 

860,747 

150,153 

                        - 

155,850 

                        - 

126,657 

432,660 

(262,857) 

(262,857) 

48,638 

                        - 

281,136 

                        - 

152,412 

482,186 

(262,857) 

(262,857) 

3,636,832 

1,230,419 

- 

4,867,251 

2,712,931 

1,415,479 

- 

4,128,410 

316,508 

309,561 

19,291 

143,007 

(49,526) 

- 

738,841 

979,805 

286,949 

64,684 

1,248,706 

240,015 

17,833 

192,596 

269,785 

- 

685,454 

225,696 

167,881 

                          - 

163,085 

                          -      

1,256 

             122,704 

1,331,438 

1,506,554 

462,381 

912,406 

             453,670 

(206,477) 

(206,477) 

971,288 

65,450 

8,443 

488,264 

777,683 

4,830 

1,045,181 

1,270,777 

323,200 

24,975 

69,855 

418,030 

594,882 

177,601 

22,669 

795,152 

41,063 

                    - 

314,138 

                    - 

100,680 

455,881    

(206,477) 

(206,477) 

3,274,442 

1,185,530 

- 

4,459,972 

2,418,697 

1,359,847 

- 

3,778,544 

Net assets 

286,257 

235,777 

44,351 

117,254 

(2,211) 

                        - 

681,428 

104  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.4     Additions to non-current assets by segment 

Segment  operations  include  certain  non-current  assets  comprising  investment  property,  property, 
plant and equipment, investment in associated companies and intangible assets. Additions to these 
categories for the year are as follows: 

Additions to non-current assets by segment  

Sagicor 
Life Inc 

Sagicor Life 
Jamaica 

Sagicor 
Europe 

Sagicor 
USA 

Head 
office  
and other 

2010 

2009 

7,103 

7,054 

16,131 

3,094 

1,444 

1,134 

1,125 

705 

3,802 

4,713 

Total 

29,605 

16,700 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

4.   SEGMENTS (continued) 

4.6    Geographical areas 

The  Group  operates  in  certain  geographical  areas  which  are  determined  by  the  location  of  the 
subsidiary or branch initiating the business. Except for the Sagicor at Lloyd’s Syndicate 1206 business 
which underwrites risks inside and outside of the UK, the location of the subsidiary or branch is not 
materially different from the location of customers.    

Group  operations  in  geographical  areas  include  certain  non-current  assets  comprising  investment 
property, property, plant and equipment, investment in associated companies and intangible assets. 

Total  external  revenues  and  non-current  assets  (as  defined  in  the  foregoing  paragraph)  by 
geographical area are summarised in the following table. 

4.5      Products and services 

Total external revenues relating to the Group’s products and services are summarised in the following 
table. 

2010 

2009 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad & Tobago 

Other Caribbean   

United Kingdom 

Life, health and annuity insurance contracts issued to individuals 

535,724 

537,684 

USA 

Life, health and annuity insurance and pension administration 
contracts issued to groups 

Property and casualty insurance 

Banking, investment management and other financial services 

Farming and unallocated revenues   

221,187 

251,615 

377,925 

98,040 

23,221 

265,517 

128,047 

22,471 

1,256,097 

1,205,334 

(cid:1)

External Revenue 

Non-current assets 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

128,727 

357,786 

112,283 

141,686 

352,874 

162,741 

135,699 

376,102 

109,940 

163,020 

230,875 

189,698 

178,869 

181,305 

91,863 

60,562 

39,926 

32,726 

2,938 

84,690 

60,797 

43,805 

33,862 

3,371 

1,256,097 

1,205,334 

406,884 

407,830 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  105

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

5.   INVESTMENT PROPERTY 

Investment property is carried at fair value as determined by independent valuers using internationally 
recognised valuation techniques. Direct sales comparisons, when such data is available, and income 
capitalisation methods, when appropriate, are included in the assessment of fair values.   For some 
tracts of land which are currently un-developed or which are leased to third parties, the fair value may 
reflect the potential for development within a reasonable period of time. 

The movement in investment property for the year is as follows: 
(cid:1)

2010 

2009 

Balance, beginning of year 

Additions at cost 

116,845 

11,233 

Transfers to real estate developed for resale 

                           - 

107,390 

806 

(2,642) 

Transfers from / (to) property, plant and equipment 

(1,087) 

                   13,231 

Disposals and divestitures 

(Depreciation) / Appreciation in fair values 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

(7,341) 

(3,875) 

(1,399) 

                     3,077 

918 

(1,142) 

Balance, end of year 
(cid:1)
Investment  property  includes  $16,527  (2009  -  $17,273)  which  represents  the  Group’s  proportionate 
interest in joint ventures summarised in the following table. 

                  116,845 

119,169 

  Description of property 

Percentage ownership 

Country 

Barbados 

Freehold lands  

Freehold office buildings 

Trinidad & Tobago 

Freehold office building 

50% 

10%, 33% 

60% 

Pension  Funds  managed  by  the  Group  own  the  remaining  50%  interests  of  freehold  lands  in 
Barbados, and a 33% interest in a freehold office building in Barbados. 

106  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

6.   PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

2009 

Owner-occupied properties 

Land 

Land & 
buildings 

Office 
furnishings, 
equipment & 
vehicles 

Operating 
lease 
vehicles & 
equipment 

Total 

Owner-occupied properties 

Land 

Land & 
buildings 

Office 
furnishings, 
equipment & 
vehicles 

Operating 
lease 
vehicles & 
equipment 

Total 

Net book value, beginning of year 

35,694 

Additions at cost 
Transfers from / (to) investment 
property  
Transfers to intangible assets 
Transfers (to) / from real estate 
developed or held for sale 
Other transfers 

Disposals and divestitures 

(Depreciation) / appreciation in   
fair values 
Depreciation charge 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

60,443 

529 

22,694 

         10,052 

128,883 

          40,079 

          73,282 

         23,492 

         11,426 

         148,279 

10,394 

           2,383 

13,306 

                  - 

                 91 

           9,001 

           2,512 

           11,604 

1,087 

                 - 

                 - 

1,087 

(1,581) 

(11,650) 

                  - 

                  - 

(13,231) 

                   - 

                 - 

                 - 

                   - 

                 - 

                 - 

               169 

(169) 

                 - 

- 

- 

- 

                  - 

                   - 

(1,914) 

                  - 

(2,676) 

              109 

                  - 

                  - 

(1,914) 

(2,567) 

                   - 

              270 

(270) 

                  - 

                    - 

(16) 

(2,356) 

(1,160) 

(3,532) 

                   - 

                   - 

(384) 

(1,364) 

(1,748) 

               770 

                - 

                 - 

770 

(128) 

           1,304 

                  - 

                  - 

             1,176 

(809) 

(6,462) 

(2,360) 

(9,631) 

                   - 

               286 

             238 

                 - 

524 

                   - 

(917) 

(2,046) 

(6,608) 

(2,524) 

(623) 

                   2 

(10,049) 

(2,667) 

Net book value, end of year 

35,694 

          62,459 

         24,339 

           8,915 

131,407 

          35,694 

          60,443 

          22,694 

          10,052 

          128,883 

Represented by: 

Cost or valuation 

35,694 

         64,252 

         81,360 

        15,151 

Accumulated depreciation 

- 

(1,793) 

(57,021) 

(6,236) 

196,457 

(65,050) 

       35,694 

          62,069 

          76,060 

          15,903 

          189,726 

                - 

(1,626) 

(53,366) 

(5,851) 

(60,843) 

35,694 

         62,459 

         24,339 

            8,915 

131,407 

       35,694 

          60,443 

          22,694 

          10,052 

          128,883 

(cid:1)

Owner  occupied  property  is  carried  at  fair  value  as  determined  by  independent  valuers  using 
internationally  recognised  valuation  techniques.  Direct  sales  comparisons,  when  such  data  is 
available, and income capitalisation methods, when appropriate, are included in the assessment 
of fair values. 

Lands are largely utilised for farming operations. In determining the fair value of lands, their potential 
for development within a reasonable period is assessed, and if such potential exists, the fair value 
reflects that potential.     
Land  and  buildings  consist  largely  of  properties  containing  occupied  office  buildings  and  includes 
$625 (2009 – $622) which represents the Group’s proportionate interest in office buildings in Belize 
and Grenada. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

7.  INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES 

2010 

2009 

Investment, beginning of year 

               32,674 

               31,893 

Additions  

Dividends received 

Share of 

   Income before taxes 

                       - 

                1,606 

(1,357) 

(1,269) 

                 2,478 

               2,125 

   Amortisation  of 

intangible  assets 

identified  on 

acquisition 

   Income taxes 

   Other comprehensive income / (loss)      

Effects of exchange rate changes 

(557) 

(216) 

(28) 

(65) 

(557) 

(621) 

(217) 

(286)  

Investment, end of year 

               32,929 

              32,674 

The  aggregate  balances  and  results  in  respect  of  associated  companies  for  the  period  are  set  out 
below.  

Total assets 

Total liabilities 

Total revenue 

Net income for the year 

2010 

2009 

360,028 

234,592 

122,296 

8,786 

351,511 

230,444 

115,128 

5,518 

108  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

8.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

    (a)  Analysis and changes for the year 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

Goodwill 

Customer &  
broker  
relationships 

Syndicate 
capacity &  
licences 

Software 

Total 

Goodwill 

2009 

Customer &  
broker  
relationships 

Syndicate 
capacity &  
licences 

Software 

Total 

Net book value, beginning of year 

58,289 

36,978 

         21,021 

        13,140 

129,428 

        59,703 

          43,293 

        18,758 

         13,168 

       134,922 

Additions at cost 

Identified on acquisitions 

Transfer from property, plant and 
equipment (note 6) 

                  - 

                  - 

                  - 

Amortisation and impairment 

                  - 

Disposals and divestitures 

(896) 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

             555 

- 

- 

- 

(3,080) 

(2,353) 

1,024 

                  - 

          5,066 

5,066 

                  - 

                    - 

                   - 

           2,684 

            2,684 

                  - 

                 - 

                  - 

                 - 

- 

- 

                 7 

                    - 

                   - 

                  - 

                    7 

                  - 

                    - 

                   - 

           1,914 

            1,914 

(47) 

- 

(4,954) 

(739) 

(8,081) 

                  - 

(3,441) 

(47) 

(4,565) 

(8,053) 

(3,988) 

                  - 

                    - 

                  - 

                  - 

                    - 

(643) 

               18 

954 

(1,421) 

(2,874) 

          2,310 

(61) 

(2,046) 

Net book value, end of year 

        57,948 

32,569 

        20,331 

        12,531 

123,379 

         58,289 

          36,978 

        21,021 

         13,140 

        129,428 

Represented by: 

Cost or valuation 

        59,761 

46,962 

        20,484 

        31,997 

159,204 

        60,102 

          49,439 

        21,129 

        28,325 

        158,995 

Accumulated depreciation 

(1,813) 

(14,393) 

(153) 

(19,466) 

(35,825) 

(1,813) 

(12,461) 

(108) 

(15,185) 

(29,567) 

        57,948 

32,569 

        20,331 

        12,531 

123,379 

        58,289 

          36,978 

        21,021 

        13,140 

        129,428 

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)
8.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS (continued) 

(cid:1)(cid:1)

(b) 

   Impairment of intangible assets  

Goodwill  arises  from  past  acquisitions  and  is  allocated  to  cash  generating  units  (CGUs).    Goodwill  and 
intangible  assets  with  an  indefinite  useful  life  are  tested  annually  for  impairment.  CGUs  and  intangible 
assets with an indefinite useful life by segment are as follows: 

Operating Segment 

2010 

2009 

Goodwill 

Intangible assets with 
 indefinite useful life 
2009 
2010 

Sagicor Life Inc  

Sagicor Life Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Other operating companies 

27,102 

21,688 

4,290 

4,868 

57,948 

27,116 

21,880 

4,425 

4,868 

58,289 

- 

- 

- 

- 

19,783 

20,406 

- 

- 

19,783 

20,406 

(cid:1)
The  recoverable  amount  of  a  CGU  is  determined  as  the  higher  of  its  value  in  use  or  its  fair  value  less 
costs to sell.   A CGU’s value in use is estimated using cash flow projections prepared by management. 
Detailed  cash  flow  projections  are  prepared  for  three  years  and  are  extrapolated  for  subsequent  years. 
The fair value of a CGU is estimated by capitalising its expected earnings over time.  Syndicate capacity, 
which has an indefinite useful life, is also tested for impairment by its value in use. 

Cash flow discount factors, residual growth rates and earnings multiples utilised in the assessment of 
recoverable amounts as of December 31, 2010 were as follows:  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

8.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS (continued) 

2009 

Cash flow  
discount  factors 

Sagicor Life Inc  
Sagicor Life Jamaica 
Sagicor Europe 
Other operating companies 

n/a 
n/a 
12.9%, 12.2% 
14.8%, 12.8% 

Cash flow 
residual 
growth rates 

n/a 
n/a 
1.9%, 2.5% 
4.6%, 4.2% 

Earnings 
multiples 

9.9 
5.7 
n/a 
n/a 

Sensitivity 

Applying  adjusted  earnings  multiples  to  the  Sagicor  Life  Inc  and  Sagicor  Life  Jamaica  segments, 
would produce the following results.  

Earnings multiples 

Sagicor Life Inc segment 

9.9 

8.58 

8.42 

Excess  of  recoverable  amount  over  carrying  amount  / 
(impairment) 

49,525 

- 

(6,112) 

Earnings multiples 

Excess  of  recoverable  amount  over  carrying  amount  / 
(impairment)  –  representing  Sagicor’s  59%  interest  in  the 
segment 

Sagicor Life Jamaica segment 

6.4 

4.55 

4.35 

73,549 

- 

(7,901) 

2010 

Sagicor Life Inc  

Sagicor Life Jamaica 

Sagicor Europe 

Other operating companies 

Cash flow  
discount  factors 

Cash flow 
residual 
growth rates 

Earnings 
multiples 

The assessment of the Sagicor Europe segment goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful 
life is most sensitive to future net claims ratios.  Increasing claims ratios from underwriting year 2012 
in the model would produce the following results: 

n/a 

n/a 

11.5% 

14.8% 

n/a 

n/a 

1.5% 

4.1% 

9.9 

6.4 

n/a 

n/a 

Net claims ratio 

Excess  of  recoverable  amount  over  carrying  amount  / 
(impairment)  

Sagicor Europe segment 

55% 

57.46% 

58.00% 

61,920 

- 

(13,481) 

110  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

(cid:1)

9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS  

9.1   Analysis of financial investments 
(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (continued) 

9.1   Analysis of financial investments (continued) 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

Carrying  
value 

Fair 
value 

Non-derivative financial assets at fair value through 
income comprise: 

Held to maturity securities: 

Debt securities 

Available for sale securities: 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

19,691 

20,396 

19,547 

16,682 

1,742,835 

1,742,835 

1,458,765 

1,458,765 

87,713 

87,713 

99,788 

99,788 

(cid:1)

1,830,548 

1,830,548 

1,558,553 

1,558,553 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through 
income: 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Derivative financial instruments (note 41.6) 

Mortgage loans 

Securities purchased under agreements to 
resell 

96,333 

23,839 

12,070 

46,876 

96,333 

23,839 

12,070 

46,876 

71,314 

17,058 

4,105 

48,180 

71,314 

17,058 

4,105 

48,180 

Assets designated at fair value upon initial recognition 

170,030 

146,572 

Debt securities comprise: 

Government and government-guaranteed debt securities 

1,497,082 

1,350,052 

Collateralised mortgage obligations 

Corporate debt securities 

Other securities 

159,574 

898,452 

53,444 

193,487 

632,867 

47,883 

2,608,552 

2,224,289 

Debt securities include $4,559 (2009 - $3,042) that contain options to convert to common shares of 
the issuer. 

2,982 

2,982 

10,020 

10,020 

Corporate debt securities include:  

(cid:1)

182,100 

182,100 

150,677 

150,677 

Loans and receivables: 

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities  purchased  under  agreements  to 
resell 

Deposits 

749,693 

250,206 

123,250 

144,065 

798,626 

674,663 

251,461 

265,096 

130,092 

124,017 

172,397 

135,078 

696,966 

262,726 

129,676 

144,918 

25,585 

25,585 

72,295 

72,295 

311,694 

311,694 

274,516 

274,516 

1,604,493 

1,689,855 

1,545,665 

1,581,097 

Total financial investments 

3,636,832 

3,722,899 

3,274,442 

3,307,009 

(i)   convertible loans totalling $nil (2009 - $5,199) issued to the Group by an associated company.    

These loans can be converted into equity or bonds issued by the associated company.  

(ii)  $21,745 (2009 - $14,741) in bonds issued by an associated company. 

Equity securities include $6,559 (2009 - $6,333) in mutual funds managed by the Group. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (continued) 

9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (continued) 

9.2   Pledge assets 

9.2    Pledged assets 

Debt securities include $20,894 (2009 - $21,268) and policy loans include $22,461 (2009 - $25,153) in 
assets held in trust for a reinsurer (note 20).  The income from these assets accrues to the reinsurer. 

Debt  and  equity  securities  include  $162,100  (2009  -  $229,450)  as  collateral  for  loans  payable  and 
other funding instruments. 

Collateral  for  the  obligation  to  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  Dallas  (FHLB)  which  is  included  in 
other funding instruments (note 17), consists of an equity holding in the FHLB with a market value of 
$5,294 (2009 - $5,442), and mortgages and mortgage backed securities having a total market value of 
$123,312 (2009 - $124,715).       

Debt  securities  are  pledged  as  collateral  under  repurchase  agreements  with  customers  and  other 
financial  institutions  and  for  security  relating  to  overdraft  and  other  facilities  with  other  financial 
institutions.  As of December 31, 2010, these pledged assets totalled $581,911 (2009 - $526,273).  Of 
these assets pledged as security, $94,761 (2009 – $204,027) represents collateral for securities sold 
under  agreements  to  repurchase  in  instances  when  the  transferee  has  the  right  by  contract  or  by 
custom to sell or re-pledge the collateral.   

Deposits include $47,029 (2009 – $48,352) pledged as collateral for a letter of credit facility obtained 
by the Group.  

9.3   Returns accruing to the benefit of contract-holders  

Financial  investments  include  the  following  amounts  for  which  the  full  income  and  capital  returns 
accrue to the holders of unit linked policy and deposit administration contracts. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (continued) 

9.4   Reclassification of financial investments 

In 2008, the Group reclassified certain securities from the available for sale classification to the loans 
and receivables classification. The assets reclassified were primarily: 

(cid:37) 

(cid:37) 

Government of Jamaica debt securities with a maturity date of 2018 and after, which are 
held to back long-term insurance liabilities; and  
Non-agency collateralised mortgage obligations in the USA.  

The  reclassifications  were  made  because  the  markets  for  these  securities  were  considered  by 
management to have become inactive.   

The following disclosures are in respect of these reclassified assets. 

2010 

2009 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

Carrying  
value 

Fair 
value 

Government debt securities maturing after 
September 2018  

76,095 

79,049 

134,387 

114,233 

Other debt securities  

15,089 

15,968 

27,059 

25,234 

91,184 

95,017 

161,446 

139,467 

2010 

2009 

Cumulative net fair value loss, beginning of year 

(41,805) 

(71,210) 

2010 

2009 

Net fair value gains subsequent to restatement 

Disposals 

Effect of exchange rate changes 

23,835 

12,869 

216 

25,623 

2,209 

1,573 

Cumulative net fair value loss, end of year 

(4,885) 

(41,805) 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Mortgage loans 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

95,156 

19,517 

46,876 

2,982 

70,690 

12,208 

48,180 

10,020 

164,531 

141,098 

112  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  9.   FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (continued) 
9.4   Reclassification of financial investments (continued) 

The net fair value gains subsequent to restatement approximate the fair value gains that would have 
been recorded in total comprehensive income had the reclassification not been made. The disposal 
amount represents the net loss that would have been reclassified from other comprehensive income 
to income on disposal. 

10. 

   REINSURANCE ASSETS 

Reinsurers’ share of: 

Actuarial liabilities (note 13.1) 

Policy benefits payable (note 14.2) 

Provision for unearned premiums (note 14.3) 

Other items 

2010 

2009 

178,078 

207,696 

57,907 

40,909 

4,954 

35,900 

45,766 

5,517 

281,848 

294,879 

The provision for unearned premiums and other items disclosed above are expected to mature within 
one year of the financial statements date. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

12.    MISCELLANEOUS ASSETS AND RECEIVABLES 

Pension plan assets (note 31) 

Real estate developed or held for resale 

Deferred policy acquisition costs 

Premiums receivable 

Other accounts receivable 

2010 

2009 

3,826 

12,322 

60,486 

145,175 

73,479 

295,288 

5,087 

11,869 

46,525 

128,794 

62,736 

255,011 

Other accounts receivable include $ 3,097 (2009 – $2,814) due from managed funds. 

(a)  Real estate developed or held for resale 

Real  estate  developed  for  resale  includes  $2,990  (2009  -  $6,290)  which  is  expected  to  be  realised 
within  one  year  of  the  financial  statements  date.    These  balances  also  include  $231  (2009  -  $417)(cid:1)
which represents the Group’s proportionate interest in joint ventures. 

(b)  Deferred policy acquisition costs 

Deferred policy acquisitions costs are expected to mature within one year of the financial statements 
date. The movement in these balances for the year was as follows: 

11. 

  INCOME TAX ASSETS 

Deferred income tax assets (note 33) 

Income and withholding taxes recoverable 

2010 

2009 

9,209 

18,555 

27,764 

15,272 

16,518 

31,790 

Gross amount(cid:1)

Balance, beginning of year  

Expensed 

Additions 

De-recognised on divestiture 

Effect of exchange rate changes 

Balance, end of year 

2010 

46,525 

(102,150) 

118,381 

(1,238) 

(1,032) 

60,486 

2009 

28,227 

(81,322) 

97,007 

- 

2,613 

46,525 

Income  and  withholding  taxes  recoverable  are  expected  to  be  recovered  within  one  year  of  the 
financial statements date. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES 

  13.1   Analysis of actuarial liabilities 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES 

 (continued)  

  13.2    Movement in actuarial liabilities 

Gross liability 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

The movement in actuarial liabilities for the year is as follows: 

Contracts issued to individuals: 

Life insurance - participating policies  

316,100 

306,015 

1,497 

1,992 

Life insurance and annuity 
- non-participating policies 

Health insurance 

Unit linked funds 

Reinsurance contracts held 

Contracts issued to groups: 

Life insurance 

Annuities 

Health insurance 

995,371 

911,860 

143,545 

169,442 

1,981 

110,386 

13,995 

1,456 

88,492 

12,010 

739 

696 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,437,833 

1,319,833 

145,781 

172,130 

30,914 

28,183 

3,625 

3,220 

248,111 

228,763 

28,549 

31,754 

36,854 

35,752 

123 

592 

315,879 

292,698 

32,297 

35,566 

Total actuarial liabilities 

1,753,712 

1,612,531 

178,078 

207,696 

The following notes are in respect of the foregoing table: 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Life insurance includes coverage for disability and critical illness. 
Actuarial liabilities include $117,341 (2009 - $121,163) in assumed reinsurance. 
Liabilities  for  reinsurance  contracts  held  occur  because  the  reinsurance  premium  costs 
exceed the mortality costs assumed in determining the gross liability of the policy. 

Gross liability 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

2010 

2009 

Balance, beginning of year  

1,612,531 

1,450,219 

207,696 

      215,240 

Assumed on acquisitions 

2,409 

1,549 

1,345 

                 - 

Change in actuarial liabilities  
recorded in income (note 27) 
Change in actuarial liabilities  
recorded in other 
comprehensive  
income (notes 35 and 38) 

117,889 

156,285 

(27,695) 

(7,496) 

15,041 

24,254 

                     - 

                 - 

De-recognised on divestiture 

(3,489) 

- 

(3,260) 

                 - 

Effect of exchange rate 
changes 

9,331 

(19,776) 

(8) 

(48) 

Balance, end of year 

1,753,712 

   1,612,531 

         178,078 

      207,696 

As set out in note 2.13 (a), the changes in actuarial liabilities which arise from asset fair value gains or 
losses in other comprehensive income (OCI) are now also recorded in OCI. In prior years, this change 
in actuarial liabilities was recorded in income. The effect of the change in accounting policy in 2009 is 
summarised in note 38. 

114  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES

13.2   Movement in actuarial liabilities (continued) 

13.3   Assumptions – life insurance and annuity contracts 

The  changes  in  actuarial  liabilities  recorded  in  income  and  other  comprehensive  income  are  further 
analysed as follows: 

(a) 

 Process used to set actuarial assumptions and margins for adverse deviations 

Gross liability 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

At each date for valuation of actuarial liabilities, the Appointed Actuary (AA) of each insurer reviews 
the  assumptions  made  at  the  last  valuation  date.  The  AA  tests  the  validity  of  each  assumption  by 
reference to current data, and where appropriate, changes the assumptions for the current valuation.  
A similar process of review and assessment is conducted in the determination of margins for adverse 
deviations. 

144,559 

214,746 

(27,927) 

(7,496) 

Any recent changes in actuarial standards and practice are also incorporated in the current valuation. 

(7,138) 

(37,186) 

232 

(8,288) 

(2,406) 

368 

63 

3,429 

5,322 

- 

- 

- 

(b) 

 Assumptions for mortality and morbidity 

Mortality  rates  are  related  to  the  incidence  of  death  in  the  insured  population.  Morbidity  rates  are 
related to the incidence of sickness and disability in the insured population. 

For  the  2010  valuation,  insurers  updated  studies  of  recent  mortality  experience.  The  resulting 
experience was compared to external mortality studies including the Canadian Institute of Actuaries 
(CIA) 1986 - 1992 tables.  Appropriate modification factors were selected and applied to underwritten(cid:1)
and non-underwritten business respectively. Annuitant mortality was determined by reference to CIA 
tables or to other established scales. 

Assumptions  for  morbidity  are  determined  after  taking  into  account  insurer  and  industry  experience 
and established guidelines from Actuarial Institutes. 

(c) 

Assumptions for lapse 

- 

- 

- 

- 

132,930 

180,539 

(27,695) 

(7,496) 

Lapses relate to the forced termination of policies due to non-payment of premium or to the voluntary 
termination of policies by policyholders. 

Normal changes in actuarial 
liabilities arising from increments 
and decrements of inforce  
policies and from the issuance 
 of new policies 

Effect of changes in actuarial 
assumptions for mortality, 
morbidity, lapse, investment 
yields, and operating expenses 
and taxes 

Other changes: 

Actuarial modelling,    
refinements, improvements 
and corrections 

Changes in margins for 
adverse deviations 

Other  

(cid:1)

Lapse  studies  were  updated  by  insurers  for  the  2010  valuation,  to  determine  the  most  recent 
experience  of  persistency.  Appropriate  rates  of  termination  by  policy  duration  were  determined  and 
applied in the actuarial valuations.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

13.3   Assumptions – life insurance and annuity contracts (continued) 

13.3    Assumptions – life insurance and annuity contracts (continued) 

 (d) 

Assumptions for investment yields 

(e) 

Assumptions for operating expenses and taxes 

Returns on existing variable rate securities, shares, investment property and policy loans are linked to 
the  current  economic  scenario.  Yields  on  reinvested  assets  are  also  tied  to  the  current  economic 
scenario. Returns are however assumed to decrease and it is assumed that at the end of twenty years 
from the valuation date, all investments, except policy loans, are reinvested in long-term, default free 
government bonds.   

The ultimate rate of return is the assumed rate that will ultimately be earned on government bonds. It 
is established for each geographic area and is summarised in the following table. 

Policy acquisition and policy maintenance expense costs for long-term business of each insurer are 
measured  and  monitored  using  internal  expense  studies.  Policy  maintenance  expense  costs  are 
reflected  in  the  actuarial  valuation  after  adjusting  for  expected  inflation.  Costs  were  updated  for  the 
2010 valuations and were applied on a per policy basis. 

Taxes  reflect  assumptions  for  future  premium  taxes  and  income  taxes  levied  directly  on  investment 
income (see note 32.2). For income taxes levied on  net income, actuarial liabilities are adjusted for 
policy related recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities.  

Ultimate rate of return: 

2010 

2009 

(f) 

 Asset defaults 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad  & Tobago 

Other Caribbean 

USA 

5.0% 

7.0% 

5.5% 

5.0% 

7.0% 

5.5% 

5.0 – 5.5% 

5.0 – 5.5% 

4.0%  

4.0%  

116  Sagicor Financial Corporation

The AA of each insurer includes a provision for asset default in the modelling of the cash flows. The 
provision  is  based  on  industry  and  Group  experience  and  includes  specific  margins  for  equity 
securities, debt securities, mortgage loans and deposits. 

(g) 

 Margins for adverse deviations  

Margins  for  adverse  deviations  are  determined  for  the  assumptions  in  the  actuarial  valuations.  The 
application of these margins resulted in the following provisions for adverse deviations being included 
in the actuarial liabilities: 

Provisions for adverse deviations: 

2010 

2009 

Mortality and morbidity 

Lapse 

Investment yields and asset default 

Operating expenses and taxes 

50,155 

39,209 

67,620 

18,561 

41,813 

32,203 

67,023 

16,969 

175,545 

158,008 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

13.   ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

14.     OTHER INSURANCE LIABILITIES (continued) 

13.4   Assumptions – health insurance contracts 

14.2   Policy benefits payable 

The  outstanding  liabilities  for  health  insurance  claims  incurred  but  not  yet  reported  and  for  claims 
reported but not yet paid are determined by statistical methods using expected loss ratios which have 
been derived from recent historical data.  No material claim settlements are anticipated after one year 
from the date of the financial statements. 

(a)  Analysis of policy benefits payable  

Gross liability 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

  14.     OTHER INSURANCE LIABILITIES 

14.1        Analysis of other insurance liabilities 

Dividends on deposit and other policy balances 

Policy benefits payable 

Provision for unearned premiums 

2010 

2009 

70,101 

355,395 

239,385 

664,881 

67,784 

232,406 

201,579 

501,769 

The provision for unearned premiums is expected  to mature within one year of the financial 
statements date. 

.  

Life insurance and annuity benefits  

54,969 

45,884 

10,565 

11,134 

Health claims 

2,647 

3,636 

2,643 

2,633 

Property and casualty claims: 

  Notified outstanding claims 

174,640 

92,216 

31,035 

12,303 

   Provision for claims incurred but 

not reported 

123,139 

90,670 

13,664 

9,830 

355,395 

232,406 

57,907 

35,900 

Property and casualty claims payable contain total discounted amounts of $14,440 in respect of the 
gross liability and $1,645 in respect of the reinsurers’ share (2009 – $4,826 and $388 respectively).   
Included  within  the  total  discounted  amounts  are  $5,537  (2009  –  nil)  in  the  gross  liability  and  $383 
(2009  –  nil)  in  the  reinsurers’  share  representing  sub-classes  of  insurance.    These  amounts  result 
from  the  discounting  at  rates  which  reflect  the  achievable  yield  over  10  years  of  the  insurer’s 
investment portfolio. The discount rates varied from 0.27% to 3.40% (2009 – 0.31% to 3.48%). 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

14.     OTHER INSURANCE LIABILITIES (continued) 

14.     OTHER INSURANCE LIABILITIES (continued) 

14.2   Policy benefits payable (continued) 

(b)  Movement in policy benefits payable 

14.3   Provision for unearned premiums (continued) 

(b)  Movement in provision for unearned premiums 

Gross amount 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

Gross amount 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

Balance, beginning of year 

Policy benefits incurred  

232,406 

626,071 

183,971 

500,416 

35,900 

         50,861 

77,419 

         58,703 

Policy benefits paid  

(496,884) 

(458,092) 

(49,607) 

(71,964) 

De-recognised on divestiture 

(7,014) 

                    - 

(5,701)                     - 

Effect of exchange rate 
changes 

               816 

6,111 

(104) 

(1,700) 

Balance, end of year  

        355,395 

      232,406 

57,907 

        35,900 

Balance, beginning of year 

        201,579 

        135,543 

45,766 

        36,271 

Premiums written 

        510,217 

        444,835 

111,087 

      130,107 

Premium revenue 

De-recognised on 
divestiture 

Effect of exchange rate 
changes 

(454,202) 

(389,078) 

(103,984) 

(121,773) 

(14,348) 

                   - 

(11,811) 

                  - 

(3,861) 

          10,279 

(149) 

          1,161 

Balance, end of year  

        239,385 

        201,579 

40,909 

        45,766 

(cid:1)

15.  INVESTMENT CONTRACT LIABILITIES 

14.3   Provision for unearned premiums 

(a)  Analysis of provision for unearned premiums 

Property and casualty 
insurance 

Health insurance 

Gross liability 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

239,385 

201,571 

40,909 

45,766 

- 

8 

- 

- 

239,385 

201,579 

40,909 

45,766 

At amortised cost: 

Deposit administration 
liabilities  

Other investment contracts 

At fair value through 
income: 

Unit linked deposit 
administration liabilities 

118  Sagicor Financial Corporation

2010 

2009 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

109,739 

109,739 

95,581 

95,581 

100,752 

210,491 

101,537 

211,276 

132,229 

227,810 

132,416 

227,997 

83,847 

83,847 

76,587 

76,587 

294,338 

295,123 

304,397 

304,584 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

16.     NOTES AND LOANS PAYABLE 

17.     DEPOSIT AND SECURITY LIABILITIES 

2010 

2009 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

7.5% senior notes due 2016 

144,028 

154,696 

144,520 

149,771 

Other funding instruments 

At amortised cost: 

12.5% cumulative redeemable 
preference shares due 2013 

Bank loans and other funding 
instruments 

7,191 

7,191 

14,235 

14,235 

30,666 

30,666 

42,089 

42,089 

181,885 

192,553 

200,844 

206,095 

Customer deposits 

Securities sold under agreements to 
repurchase 

(cid:1)
The  Group  issued  ten  year  $150,000  senior  notes  which  are  repayable  in  2016.  The  notes  carry  a 
7.5% rate of interest fixed for the period and interest is payable semi-annually. The notes are traded 
and are listed on the Luxembourg Euro MTF Market. 

At fair value through income: 

Structured products 

Derivative  financial  instruments  (note 
41.6) 

2010 

2009 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

Carrying 
value 

Fair 
value 

229,617 

168,134 

240,875 

202,620 

233,443 

162,989 

240,379 

146,174 

575,716 

644,094 

501,128 

456,825 

5,655 

1,849 

7,504 

5,655 

1,849 

7,504 

5,299 

2,248 

7,547 

5,299 

2,248 

7,547 

983,551 

1,097,673 

907,487 

853,305 

Bank overdrafts 

2,580 

2,580 

2,380 

2,380 

976,047 

1,090,169 

899,940 

845,758 

The  12.5%  cumulative  redeemable  preference  shares  were  issued  by  Pan  Caribbean  Financial 
Services  Limited  in  February  2008.  The  shares  are  denominated  in  Jamaican  dollars.  51.5%  of  the 
shares issued in 2008 were redeemed in 2010.   

In December 2009, the Group received a bank loan of $25,000. Interest is variable at 5.25% above 
LIBOR at the date of the financial statements (2009 – 3.5% above LIBOR). The initial term of the loan 
was 6 months, but was extended to March 31, 2011. Other bank loans and funding instruments carry 
interest rates between 4.75% and 7.5% and are repayable by June 2011.  The security for bank loans 
and other funding instruments are disclosed in note 9.2.  

Financial covenants in respect of the above liabilities are summarised in note 45.3. 

.  

Other  funding  instruments  consist  of  loans  from  banks  and  other  financial  institutions  and  include 
balances of $120,402 (2009 - $122,990) due to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (FHLB). The 
Group  participates  in  the  FHLB  program  in  which  funds  received  from  the  Bank  are  invested  in 
mortgages and mortgage backed securities.    

Structured  products  are  offered  by  a  banking  subsidiary.  A  structured  product  is  a  pre-packaged 
investment strategy created to meet specific needs that cannot be met from the standardised financial 
instruments  available  in  the  market.  Structured  products  can  be  used  as  an  alternative  to  a  direct 
investment,  as  part  of  the  asset  allocation  process  to  reduce  risk  exposure  of  a  portfolio,  or  to 
capitalise on current market trends. 

Collateral  for  other  funding  instruments  and  securities  sold  under  agreements  to  resell  is  set  out  in 
note 9.2. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  18.    PROVISIONS 

Pension plans and other retirement benefits (note 31) 

Other 

19.     INCOME TAX LIABILITIES  

Deferred income tax liabilities (note 33) 

Income taxes payable 

2010 

2009 

32,006 

6,828 

38,834 

27,303 

12,056 

39,359 

2010 

2009 

16,089 

7,711 

23,800 

7,933 

8,557 

16,490 

Income taxes payable are expected to be settled within one year of the financial statements 
date. 

 20.     ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

 21.    SHARE CAPITAL 

The Company is authorised to issue an unlimited number of common shares issuable in series, and 
an unlimited number of preference shares issuable in series. 

2010 

2009 

Number of 
shares 
‘000 

$000 

Number of 
shares 
‘000 

$000 

Issued and fully paid  
common shares of no par 
value: 

Balance, beginning of year 

290,903 

281,142 

      278,355 

      260,161 

Allotments  

438 

659 

        12,548 

        20,981 

Balance, end of year 

291,341 

281,801 

      290,903 

      281,142 

Treasury shares: 

Balance, beginning of year 

Net shares acquired  

Balance, end of year 

(1,201) 

(1,180) 

(2,381) 

(2,890) 

(1,739) 

(4,629) 

(725) 

(476) 

(2,008) 

(882) 

(1,201) 

(2,890) 

2010 

2009 

Total share capital 

288,960 

277,172 

      289,702 

      278,252 

The Company’s shares are listed on the Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago and London stock exchanges. 
From  June  2008  to  September  2009,  the  Company’s  shares  were  listed  on  the  Jamaica  stock 
exchange.   

Amounts due to policyholders  

Amounts due to reinsurers 

Amounts due to managed funds 

Other accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

18,893 

60,714 

3,046 

104,756 

35,119 

73,132 

4,346 

83,070 

187,409 

195,667 

Amounts  due  to  reinsurers  include  $43,355  (2009  –  $46,421)  due  to  a  reinsurer  in  respect  of 
assets held in trust by the Group (see note 9.2).   

120  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

22. 

RESERVES 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

<<<< Fair value reserves >>>> 

Owner 
occupied 
property 

Available for 
sale 
assets 

Actuarial 
liabilities 

Cash flow  
hedges 

Currency  
translation 
reserves  

Other reserves 

Total 
reserves 

594 

(73,762) 

20,794 

(42,609) 

2010 

Balance, beginning of year, as restated (note 38) 

20,444 

(5,255) 

Other comprehensive income 

693 

                28,834 

(5,424) 

(9,844) 

Value of employee services rendered (net) 

- 

                          - 

                          - 

Disposal interest in subsidiaries 

- 

                        64 

                          - 

- 

- 

- 

                  1,965 

                          - 

                          - 

Other movements 

Balance, end of year 

2009 (restated) 

- 

                      594 

                          - 

(594) 

                          - 

21,137 

                24,237 

(15,268) 

- 

(71,797) 

Balance, beginning of year  (note 38) 

Other comprehensive income 

Value of employee services rendered (net) 

Changes in the ownership interest of subsidiaries  
(note 37.2) 

Other movements 

Balance, end of year 

19,214 

1,230 

(45,155) 

37,935 

10,840 

(16,264) 

1,462 

(1,011) 

(73,851) 

(5,554) 

- 

- 

- 

                         - 

                         - 

- 

                         - 

 2,022 

                         - 

143 

5,643 

(57) 

                         - 

- 

                         - 

20,444 

(5,255) 

(5,424) 

594 

(73,762) 

Other reserves comprise share based payment reserves of $7,984 (2009 - $5,663) and statutory reserves of $19,301 (2009 - $15,131). 

- 

2,321 

- 

4,170 

27,285 

14,913 

- 

972 

(1,052) 

5,961 

20,794 

21,648 

2,321 

64 

4,170 

(14,406) 

(72,577) 

16,336 

972 

6,756 

5,904 

(42,609) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

(cid:1)

23.     PARTICIPATING ACCOUNTS 

(cid:1)
The movements in the participating accounts during the year were as follows: 

24.     PREMIUM REVENUE 

Closed participating  
account 

Open participating  
account 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

Life insurance 

Annuities 

Health insurance 

9,158 

10,311 

(3,307) 

333 

Property and casualty insurance 

Gross revenue 

Reinsurance expense 

2010 

2009 

331,776 

128,295 

132,748 

454,202 

318,379 

172,763 

146,513 

369,871 

2010 

37,109 

622 

4,356 

2009 

38,034 

326 

5,849 

103,984 

120,375 

1,047,021 

1,007,526 

146,071 

164,584 

(2,573) 

(1,153) 

1,326 

(3,380) 

- 

       - 

(257) 

(260) 

Gross revenue includes $92,844 (2009 - $84,504) in reinsurance assumed. 

Balance, beginning of year, as 
restated (note 38) 

Total comprehensive income / 
(loss) 

Return of transfer to support profit 
distribution to shareholders 

Balance, end of year  

6,585 

9,158   

(2,238) 

(3,307) 

The amounts in the financial statements relating to participating accounts are as follows: 

Closed participating  
account 

Open participating  
account 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

101,498 

97,715 

248,922 

94,913 

10,602 

11,392 

1,623 

211 

88,557 

251,160 

10,202 

9,242 

1,656 

352 

33,472 

24,704 

6,536 

873 

242,216 

245,523 

35,223 

31,113 

6,350 

1,063 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Revenues 

Benefits  

Expenses 

Income taxes 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

122  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

25.     NET INVESTMENT INCOME 

25.     NET INVESTMENT INCOME (continued) 

2010 

2009 

(a) 

  Interest income 

Investment income: 

Interest income 

Dividend income 

Rental income from investment property 

Net investment gains  

Share of operating income of associated companies  

Other investment income 

Investment expenses: 

Allowances for impairment losses 

Direct operating expenses of investment property 

Other direct investment expenses 

244,893 

258,266 

3,988 

4,934 

4,623 

5,618 

42,172 

32,346 

2,478 

1,302 

2,125 

3,608 

299,767 

306,586 

3,186 

1,662 

1,639 

6,487 

8,984 

1,623 

1,763 

12,370 

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Deposits 

Other balances 

2010 

2009 

187,055 

189,702 

24,214 

8,268 

15,058 

3,034 

7,115 

149 

25,954 

8,068 

17,103 

10,246 

6,753 

440 

244,893 

258,266 

Interest from debt securities includes $2,172 (2009 - $2,078) from an associated company.  

Net investment income 

293,280 

294,216 

(b)  Net investment gains / (losses) 

The  Group  operates  across  both  active  and  inactive  financial  markets.  The  financial  investments 
placed in both types of market support the insurance and operating financial liabilities of the Group. 
Because the type of financial market is incidental and not by choice, the Group manages its financial 
investments by the type of financial instrument (i.e. debt securities, equity securities, mortgage loans 
etc).  Therefore,  the  income  from  financial  instruments  is  presented  consistently  with  management 
practice, rather than by accounting class. 

The capital and income returns of most investments designated at fair value through income accrue to 
the holders of unit linked policy and deposit administration contracts which do not affect net income of 
the Group.  

(cid:1)

Debt securities 

Equity securities  

Investment property 

Other financial instruments 

2010 

2009 

27,744 

          22,083 

11,168 

            7,722 

(1,399) 

            3,077 

4,659 

(536) 

42,172 

          32,346 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

26.     FEES AND OTHER REVENUE 

28.     INTEREST EXPENSE  

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

Fee income – assets under administration 

Fee income – deposit administration and policy funds  

Commission income on insurance and reinsurance 
contracts 

Other fees and commission income 

Foreign exchange gains / (losses) 

Other operating and miscellaneous income 

15,587 

1,050 

16,102 

11,559 

1,120 

16,449 

61,867 

12,843 

1,117 

17,351 

13,624 

4,523 

18,718 

68,176 

Insurance contracts 

Investment contracts 

Other funding instruments 

Deposits 

Securities 

Other Items 

2,980 

20,433 

4,535 

8,617 

38,286 

3,146 

77,997 

3,010 

24,015 

5,045 

10,397 

56,750 

2,682 

101,899 

The Group manages its interest-bearing obligations by the type of obligation (i.e. investment contracts, 
securities etc). Therefore, the interest expense is presented consistently with management practice, 
rather than by accounting class. 

The  capital  and  income  returns  of  most  financial  liabilities  designated  at  fair  value  through  income 
accrue directly from the capital and income returns of specific assets. Therefore, the interest expense 
of these financial liabilities does not affect the net income of the Group. 
(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

27.    POLICY BENEFITS AND CHANGE IN ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES 

Policy benefits: 

Life insurance benefits  

Annuity benefits  

Health insurance claims 

Property & casualty insurance 
claims 

Gross amount 

Reinsurers’ share 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

154,950 

89,629 

97,932 

144,225 

88,230 

119,371 

23,574 

     25,695 

12,279 

     15,058 

3,827 

       4,317 

284,679 

149,620 

41,385 

     13,815 

Total policy benefits  

627,190 

501,446 

81,065 

     58,885 

Change in actuarial liabilities  
(note 13.2)  

Total policy benefits and change in 
actuarial liabilities 

117,889 

156,285 

(27,695) 

(7,496) 

745,079 

657,731 

53,370 

     51,389 

Gross policy benefits include $84,578 (2009 - $86,644) arising from reinsurance assumed. 

124  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

29.     EMPLOYEE COSTS 

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

Included in administrative expenses, commissions and related compensation are the following: 

30.1   The Company (continued) 

2010 

2009 

(a) 

   LTI plan – restricted share grants 

Administrative staff salaries, directors’ fees and other short-
term benefits 

          86,293 

91,627 

Employer contributions to social security schemes 

Expense arising from equity-settled share plans  
(note 30.1 to 30.3) 

(Credit) / expense arising from cash-settled share plans 

(note 30.4) 

Employer contribution to defined contribution pension 
schemes 

Costs – defined retirement benefits (note 31 (b)) 

            7,381 

            3,862 

(1,799) 

            1,522 

            8,506 

        105,765 

6,949 

2,618 

672 

1,128 

4,721 

107,715 

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION  

30.1   The Company 

Effective  December  31,  2005,  the  Company  introduced  a  Long  Term  Incentive  (LTI)  plan  for 
designated  executives  of  the  Sagicor  Group  and  an  Employee  Share  Ownership  Plan  (ESOP)  for 
permanent administrative employees and sales agents of the Group.  A total of 26,555,274 common 
shares of the Company (or 10% of shares then in issue) have been set aside for the purposes of the 
LTI plan and the ESOP. 

Restricted  share  grants  have  been  granted  to  designated  key  management  of  the  Group.    Share 
grants may vest over a four year period beginning at the grant date. The vesting of share grants is 
conditional upon the relative profitability of the Group as compared to a number of peer companies. 
Relative profitability is measured with reference to the financial year preceding the vesting date. 

The movement in restricted share grants during the year is as follows: 

2010 

2009 

Number of  
grants 
‘000 

Weighted 
average  
price 

Number of  
grants 
‘000 

Weighted 
Average 
price 

Balance, beginning of year 

Grants issued 

Grants vested  

Grants forfeited 

            353 

         1,023 

US$1.59 

            374 

US$2.35 

US$1.43 

            675 

US$1.57 

(624) 

US$1.50 

(683) 

US$1.97 

                - 

- 

(13) 

US$2.34 

Balance, end of year 

            752 

US$1.45 

            353 

US$1.59 

(b)   LTI plan – share options 

Share options have been granted to designated key management of the Group during the year. Up to 
2008, options were granted at the fair market price of the Company shares at the time that the option 
is granted. From 2009, options are granted at the fair market price of the Company shares prevailing 
one  year  before  the  option  is  granted.  25%  of  the  options  each  vest  on  the  first,  second,  third  and 
fourth anniversaries of the grant date. Options are exercisable up to 10 years from the grant date. 
(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

30.1    The Company (continued) 

30.1   The Company (continued) 

The movement in share options during the year is as follows.   

(c)  ESOP 
(cid:1)

2010 

2009 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

During each of the years 2006 to 2010, the Company approved awards under the ESOP in respect of 
permanent administrative employees and sales agents of the Company and certain subsidiaries. The 
ESOP is administered by Trustees under a discretionary trust. The amount awarded is used by the 
Trustees  to  acquire  company  shares.  Administrative  employees  and  sales  agents  are  required  to 
serve a qualifying period of five years from the award date in order to qualify as a beneficiary. Shares 
are distributed to beneficiaries upon their retirement or termination of employment.   

Balance, beginning of year 

Options granted 

5,807 

1,749 

US $2.26 

US $1.60 

4,211 

US $2.17 

 1,596 

US $2.50 

Options lapsed/forfeited 

(214) 

US $2.09 

                - 

           - 

Balance, end of year 

Exercisable at the end of the year 

7,342 

2,966 

US $2.07 

US $2.17 

 5,807 

US $2.26 

 1,887 

US $2.09 

Further details of share options and the assumptions used in determining their pricing are as follows: 

Share price at grant date 

US $1.60 – 2.50 

Fair value of options at grant date 

US $0.41 – 0.69 

2010 

2009 

US $1.60 – 2.50 

US $0.41 – 0.69 

Expected volatility 

Expected life 

Expected dividend yield 

Risk-free interest rate 

19.3% - 35.8% 

19.3% - 35.8% 

7.0 years 

2.8% - 3.1% 

4.8% – 6.8% 

7.0 years 

2.8% - 3.1% 

4.8% – 6.5% 

The  expected  volatility  is  based  on  statistical  analysis  of  monthly  share  prices  over  the  7  years 
(2009 – 4 years) prior to grant date. 

During the year, 1,179,500 common shares were acquired by the Trustees (2009 – 476,000 common 
shares).  

30.2 

Sagicor Life Jamaica Limited (SLJ)  

(a)  Long-term incentive plan 

Effective  May  1,  2003,  SLJ  instituted  a  share  based  long-term  incentive  plan  for  senior  executives. 
150,000,000 ordinary shares (or 5% of the authorised share capital at that date) have been set aside 
for the plan. 

SLJ introduced a new Long Term Incentive (LTI) plan effective January 2007. This plan replaced the 
previous Stock Option plan. Under the LTI plan executives are entitled but not obliged, to purchase 
the company stock at a pre-specified price at some future date, once a pre-determined performance 
objective is met. The options are granted each year on the date of the SLJ Board of Directors Human 
Resources Committee meeting, following the performance year, at which the stock option awards are 
approved. 

Stock  options  vest  in  4  equal  installments  beginning  the  first  December  31  following  the  grant  date 
and for the next three December 31 dates thereafter (25% per year). Options are not exercisable after 
the  expiration  of  7  years  from  the  date  of  grant.  The  number  of  stock  options  in  each  stock  option 
award is calculated based on the LTI opportunity via stock options (percentage of applicable salary) 
divided by the Black-Scholes value of a stock option on SLJ stock on March 31 of the measurement 
year. The exercise price of the options is the closing bid price on March 31 of the measurement year. 

126  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

30.2     Sagicor Life Jamaica Limited (SLJ) (continued) 

30.2  Sagicor Life Jamaica Limited (SLJ) (continued) 

Under the previous Stock Option plan, options were granted on December 31 of each year. The strike 
price was the closing bid price on the grant date. The number of stock options in each stock option 
award was calculated based on a percentage of applicable salary divided by the strike price. Options 
were exercisable beginning one year from the date of grant and had a contractual term of six years 
from the date of grant. 

Details of the share options outstanding are set out in the following table.  J$ represents Jamaica $. 

Further details of share options and the assumptions used in determining their pricing are as follows: 

2010 

2009 

Fair value of options outstanding  

J$78,489,000 

J$37,274,000 

Share price at grant date 

J$4.20 – 9.86 

J$6.80 – 11.30 

Exercise price 

J$4.20 – 9.86 

J$7.92 – 11.30 

2010 

2009 

Standard deviation of expected share price returns 

39.0% 

34.0% 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

Remaining contractual term 

Risk-free interest rate 

1 - 6 years 

1 - 5 years 

9.4% - 17.5% 

16.8% - 17.5% 

The expected volatility is based on statistical analysis of daily share prices over three years. 

Balance, beginning of year 

Options granted 

Options exercised 

Options lapsed/forfeited 

Balance, end of year 

Exercisable at the end of the year 

26,539 

20,564 

(1,044) 

(5,142) 

40,917 

20,040 

J$8.04 

      16,194     

J$4.20 

      26,496     

J$5.19 

(2,982) 

J$9.20 

(13,169) 

J$7.42 

J$7.92 

J$3.90 

J$7.98 

J$6.04 

      26,539     

J$8.04 

J$7.30 

      14,536     

J$8.94 

      (b) Employee share purchase plan 

SLJ has in place a share purchase plan which enables its administrative and sales staff to purchase 
shares at a discount. The proceeds from shares issued under this plan totalled $459 (2009 – 205).    

30.3   Pan Caribbean Financial Services Limited (PCFS) 

PCFS  offers  share  options  to  employees  who  have  completed  the  minimum  eligibility  period  of 
employment.  Options  are  conditional  on  the  employee  completing  a  minimum  service  period  of  one 
year. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves PCFS before the options vest. Options vest over four 
years, 25% each anniversary date of the grant. 

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 

30.3   Pan Caribbean Financial Services Limited (PCFS) (continued) 

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 
(cid:1)
30.4   Sagicor Europe Limited (SEL) 

The movement in share options are set out in the following table.  J$ represents Jamaica $. 

2010 

2009 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

Number of  
options 
‘000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price 

4,799 

8,886 

J$18.53 

5,457 

J$18.91 

J$15.10 

                - 

                - 

(192) 

J$12.20 

                - 

                - 

Balance, beginning of year 

Options granted 

Options exercised 

Options lapsed / forfeited 

(2,100) 

J$17.91 

(658) 

J$21.82 

Balance, end of year 

Exercisable at the end of the year 

11,393 

4,410 

J$16.01 

         4,799 

J$18.53 

J$17.77 

         2,312 

J$18.66 

Further details of share options and the assumptions used in determining their pricing are as follows: 

2010 

2009 

Fair value of options outstanding  

J$ 53,767,000 

J$ 52,604,000 

Share price at grant date 

J$ 12.20 – 21.75 

J$ 16.84 

Exercise price 

J$ 12.20 – 21.75 

J$ 18.00 – 21.75 

Standard deviation of expected share price returns 

10.0% - 21.7% 

Weighted average remaining contractual term 

3 years 

Risk-free interest rate 

11.6% - 21.79% 

10.0% 

3 years 

13.3% 

The expected volatility is based on statistical analysis of daily share prices over one year. 

128  Sagicor Financial Corporation

The  minority  shareholders  of  Sagicor  Europe  Limited  are  participating  employees  who  have 
subscribed in cash for shares of SEL. As of December 31, the total minority shareholding was 14% of 
issued  shares.  SEL  intends  to  issue  additional  shares  to  future  participating  employees  until  the 
minority holdings total 15% of issued shares. 

Each participating employee has contracted with SEL and the Company under a share subscription 
agreement.  Under  the  provisions  of  these  agreements,  participating  employees  can  exercise  a  put 
option  to  the  Company  to  acquire  their  shares  at  the  prevailing  fair  value.  The  put  option  may  be 
exercised  over  the  period  beginning  from  the  5th  anniversary  of  the  agreement,  with  a  maximum  of 
50% of the employee’s shareholding being put on the 5th anniversary, a further maximum of 10% on 
the 6th anniversary, a further maximum of 10% on the 7th anniversary, and a further maximum of 30% 
on  the  tenth  anniversary.  The  shares  subscribed  by  participating  employees,  and  the  relevant  fair 
values at the date of subscription are set out in the following table.   

2010 

2009 

Number of  
Shares 
‘000 

Fair value at 
Subscription 
(in £ 000) 

Number of  
Shares  
‘000 

Fair value at  
Subscription 
(in £ 000) 

Balance, beginning of year 

Shares subscribed 

Shares redeemed 

Balance, end of year 

337 

- 

- 

337 

2,489 

           344 

               2,488 

- 

- 

               2 

                     63 

(9) 

(62) 

2,489 

           337 

                2,489 

The fair values of SEL shares at subscription dates were established by determining the value in use 
of Syndicate 1206 from 5 year internal cash flow projections.  

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

30.    EMPLOYEE SHARE BASED COMPENSATION (continued) 
(cid:1)
30.4   Sagicor Europe Limited (SEL) (continued) 

31.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS (continued) 

(a) 

  Amounts recognised in the financial statements  

The  put  options  described  above  have  been  accounted  for  as  cash  settled  share  based  payment 
arrangements.    As  such  the  valuation  of  the  put  options  at  December  31,  2010  of  $4,448  (2009  – 
$6,467) is recognised in the financial statements.   The valuation of the put options have been derived 
from: 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

Valuation of SEL using a variety of methods; 
Discounting  the  expected  cash  outflows  from  the  put  options,  assuming  the  options  are 
exercised at the earliest possible dates.  The discount rate used was 11.5% (2009 – 12.5%).  

The  shares  issued  meet  the  definition  of  a  financial  liability  in  accordance  with  IAS  32  Financial 
Instruments: Presentation. Consequently, SEL is consolidated as a 100% subsidiary, with the change 
in liability recorded as an expense (see note 29).   

31.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS  

Certain  Group  subsidiaries  have  contributory  defined  benefit  pension  schemes  in  place  for  eligible 
administrative staff. Some subsidiaries also offer medical and life insurance benefits that contribute to 
the health care and life insurance coverage of retirees and beneficiaries. 

2010 

2009 

Fair value of retirement plan assets 

             94,059 

Present value of funded retirement obligations 

Present value of unfunded retirement obligations 

Unrecognised actuarial losses 

Amounts recognised in the financial statements 

Represented by: 

Liabilities held on deposit with the Group as deposit 
administration contracts 

Other recognised liabilities   

Total recognised liabilities (note 18) 

Recognised assets (note 12) 

(97,922) 

(3,863) 

(36,991) 

12,674 

(28,180) 

(25,371) 

(6,635) 

(32,006) 

3,826 

(28,180) 

81,062 

(80,566) 

       496 

(30,386) 

       7,674 

(22,216) 

(22,432) 

(4,871) 

(27,303) 

5,087 

(22,216) 

The net benefit defined obligation and experience adjustments for the last 5 years are as follows: 
(cid:1)

Present value of  
retirement obligations 

2010 

2009 

2008 

2007 

2006 

(134,913) 

(110,952) 

(107,161) 

(106,179) 

(88,778) 

Fair value of plan assets 

94,059 

81,062 

75,880 

75,870 

66,059 

Net obligation 

(40,854) 

(29,890) 

(31,281) 

(30,309) 

(22,719) 

Experience adjustment on: 

Plan liabilities 

Plan assets 

2,362 

(759) 

(2,299) 

(811) 

(9,565) 

    (1,649) 

9,952 

849 

7,525 

1,006 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  129

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

 31.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS (continued) 

31.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS (continued) 

(b)    Amounts recognised in the income statement 

Distribution of the plan assets 

2010 

2009 

Equity unit linked pension funds under management 

Other assets 

Total plan assets 

91,887 

2,172 

94,059 

78,354 

2,708 

81,062 

(d)    Movement in retirement obligations 

Retirement obligations, beginning of year 

110,952 

        107,161 

2010 

2009 

Current service cost 

Interest cost 

Contributions made by employees 

Actuarial gains and losses 

Benefits paid 

Past service cost 

Other 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

6,149 

            5,566 

10,979 

          10,816 

2,563 

            2,587 

5,987 

(4,302) 

(4,070) 

(5,373) 

65 

               278 

(158) 

2,678 

(87) 

(5,926) 

Retirement obligations, end of year 

134,913 

        110,952 

Current service cost 

Interest cost 

Net actuarial (gains) / losses recognised during the year 

Past service cost 

Expected return on retirement plan assets 

Total cost 

2010 

2009 

4,858 

10,979 

1,282 

65 
(8,678) 

             3,961 

           10,816 

(1,052) 

                278 

(9,282) 

8,506 

             4,721 

The actual return on retirement plan assets was $9,572 (2009 – $9,920).  

(c)   Retirement plan assets 

Movement in retirement plan assets 

2010 

2009 

Plan assets, beginning of year 

Expected return on plan assets 

Actuarial gains and losses 

Contributions made by the Group 

Contributions made by plan participants 

Benefits paid  

Other 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

Plan assets, end of year 

81,062 

8,678 

(203) 

4,780 

2,337 

(3,560) 

(1,482) 

2,447 

94,059 

75,880 

9,282 

 172 

4,357 

2,021 

(4,015) 

(1,331) 

(5,304) 

81,062 

For the next financial year, the total employer contributions are estimated at $4,904 (2009-   
$5,031). 

130  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

31.    EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS (continued) 

(e)   Principal assumptions 

32.     INCOME TAXES 

32.1   Income tax expense 

The principal actuarial assumptions by geographic area used for 2010 were as follows: 

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Pension benefits 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad  

Discount rate 

7.0%-7.8% 

11.0% 

Expected return on plan assets 

7.8%-8.0% 

10.0% 

Future salary increases 

Future pension increases 

3.0%-6.5% 

2.0%-2.5% 

8.5% 

2.0% 

Portion of employees opting for early 
retirement 

Future changes in National Insurance 
Scheme Ceilings 

15.0% 

3.5% 

- 

- 

Other retirement benefits 

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Discount rate 

Expected return on plan assets 

Future salary increases 

7.0% 

- 

- 

Long term increase in health costs 

4.5% 

11.0% 

10.0% 

8.5% 

10.5% 

Other 
Caribbean 

7.8% 

7.8% 

Current tax 

Deferred tax 

7.0% 

6.5% 

2.5%-5.5% 

2.0%-3.0% 

Share of tax of associated companies 

1.0% 

2.5% 

- 

- 

2.0% 

3.5% 

32.2   Derivation of income tax expense 

  Income tax arises from the following sources of income:  

Investment income subject to direct taxation 

Net income subject to direct taxation 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

14,816 

          15,652 

278 

3,059 

216 

               621 

15,310 

          19,332 

2010 

96,997 

30,938 

2009 
(restated) 

89,491 

43,937 

(cid:1)
The effect of a change of 1% in the assumption for long-term increase in health costs as of December 
31, 2010 is estimated as follows: 
(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Effect of 1%  decrease 

Effect of 1% increase  

Revised service cost 

Revised interest cost 

Revised accumulated retirement benefit 

430 

1,037 

9,562 

667 

1,418 

13,437 

Total income subject to taxation 

127,935 

133,428 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

32.     INCOME TAXES (continued) 

33.     DEFERRED INCOME TAXES 

32.2   Derivation of income tax expense (continued) 

The income tax on the total income subject to taxation differs from the theoretical amount that would 
arise using applicable tax rates is set out in the following table. 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

Analysis of deferred income tax assets: 

Pensions and other retirement benefits 

Unrealised losses on financial investments 

Unused tax losses 

Income subject to tax 

         127,935 

         133,428 

Off-settable  deferred  income  tax  liabilities  in  respect  of  policy 
liabilities timing differences and other items 

Tax calculated at the applicable rates on income subject to tax 

          27,527   

           28,271 

Adjustments to current tax for items not subject to tax or not 
allowed for tax 

(22,470) 

(16,517) 

Analysis of deferred income tax liabilities: 

Other current tax adjustments 

(26) 

(178) 

Accelerated tax depreciation 

Adjustments for current tax of prior periods 

(117) 

                  17 

Policy liabilities taxable in the future 

Movement in unrecognised deferred tax asset 

             6,706 

             5,333 

Pensions and other retirement benefits 

Other items 

Total (note 11) 

Deferred tax (income) / expense relating to the origination of 
temporary differences 

Deferred tax (income) / expense  relating to changes in tax 
rates and the imposition of new taxes 

Deferred tax expense that arises from the write down / 
(income from the reversal of a write down) of a deferred tax 
asset  

             1,349 

                 (62) 

Accrued interest 

Unrealised gains on financial investments 

                  97 

                    8 

Off-settable  deferred  income  tax  assets  in  respect  of  unused 
tax losses and other items 

(34,136) 

(25,779) 

                465 

               (707) 

Other items 

Total (note 19) 

Tax on distribution of profits from policyholder funds 

                     - 

                796 

Deferred income tax balances include the following: 

Other taxes 

(cid:1)

             1,779 

             2,371 

           15,310 

           19,332 

Assets to be recovered within one year 

Liabilities to be settled within one year 

Unrecognised balances: 

Tax losses 

Potential deferred income tax assets 

132  Sagicor Financial Corporation

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

694 

261 

7,579 

1,132 

8,610 

4,487 

- 

(619) 

675 

9,209 

2,184 

29,245 

11 

2,554 

13,812 

1,662 

15,272 

2,242 

25,564 

645 

1,032 

2,771 

2,419 

16,089 

2,438 

9,222 

1,458 

7,933 

8,890 

6,124 

127,212 

32,673 

110,968 

28,588 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

34.     EARNINGS AND DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE 

34.     EARNINGS AND DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE (continued) 

34.1   Earnings per common share 

34.1   Earnings per common share (continued) 

The  basic  earnings  per  common  share  is  computed  by  dividing  the  net  income  attributable  to 
shareholders  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  in  issue  during  the  year,  after  deducting 
treasury shares.  

The  computation  of  diluted  earnings  per  common  share  recognises  the  dilutive  impact  of  LTI  share 
grants and share options and of ESOP shares grants (see note 30.1).  It is calculated by dividing the 
net income attributable to shareholders by the adjusted weighted average number of shares in issue 
during the year, after deducting treasury shares. 
(cid:1)
By substituting net income with total comprehensive income, the computations of total comprehensive 
income (TCI) per share are done similarly to earnings per share. 

Weighted  average  number  of  shares  in  issue  in 
thousands 

LTI restricted share grants 

ESOP shares 

Adjusted  weighted  average  number  of  shares  in 
issue 

2010 

2009 
(restated) 

2009 
(previously 
 stated) 

290,037 

278,386 

278,386 

605 

815 

412 

467 

412 

467 

291,457 

279,265 

279,265 

The effect of the changes in accounting policies described in note 2.1 (d) is to increase basic earnings 
per common share in 2010 by 5.2 cents (5.1 cents on a fully diluted basis). 

34.2   Dividends per common share 

2010 

2009 

US cents 
per share 

$000 

US cents 
per share 

$000 

2.0 

2.0 

4.0 

5,794 

5,797 

11,591 

2.0 

2.0 

4.0 

5,553 

5,564 

11,117 

2.0 

5,779 

2.0 

5,794 

Dividends declared and paid: 

Final dividend in respect of the prior year 

Interim dividend in respect of the current 
year 

Dividends declared after the date of the 
financial statements: 
Final dividend in respect of the current 
year 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

16,560 

66,846 

50,502 

Basic earnings per common share 

5.7 cents 

24.0 cents 

18.1 cents 

Fully diluted earnings per common share 

5.7 cents 

23.9 cents 

18.1 cents 

TCI attributable to shareholders 

38,208 

83,053 

83,775 

TCI per common share 

13.2 cents 

29.8 cents 

30.1 cents 

TCI per common share on a fully diluted basis 

13.1 cents 

29.7 cents 

30.0 cents 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  133

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  35.  OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

The components of other comprehensive income (OCI) and the related income tax effects are as follows:  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

2009 (restated) 

Group 
OCI  
before tax 

Tax 

Group 
OCI 
after tax 

OCI  after tax 
Attributable 
to 
shareholders 

Group 
OCI  
before tax 

Tax 

Group 
OCI 
after tax 

OCI  after tax 
Attributable 
to 
shareholders 

770 

- 

770 

65,122 

(4,057) 

61,065 

- 

- 

- 

(17,580) 

(388) 

(17,968) 

770 

- 

770 

47,542 

(4,445) 

43,097 

693 

- 

693 

33,514 

(4,680) 

28,834 

1,176 

155 

1,331 

53,409 

(634) 

52,775 

- 

- 

- 

(5,688) 

(3,197) 

(8,885) 

1,176 

155 

1,331 

47,721 

(3,831) 

43,890 

1,176 

54 

1,230 

38,788 

(853) 

37,935 

Fair value reserves – owner occupied property: 

Unrealised gains / (losses) arising on revaluation 

(Gains) / losses transferred to income on disposal 

Fair value reserves – available for sale assets: 

Unrealised gains / (losses) arising on revaluation 

(Gains) / losses transferred to income on disposal  

Fair value reserves – actuarial liabilities: 

Net change in actuarial liabilities 

(15,041) 

4,465 

(10,576) 

(9,844) 

(24,254) 

7,148 

(17,106) 

(16,264) 

Fair value reserves – cash flow hedges: 

Unrealised gains / (losses) arising on revaluation 

- 

- 

- 

(2,551) 

850 

(1,701) 

(1,011) 

Retranslation of foreign currency operations 

Other items 

OCI for the year 

(cid:1)

6,007 

(309) 

6,007 

(309) 

1,965 

- 

52,492 

(13,503) 

38,989 

21,648 

(12,996) 

(129) 

14,176 

- 

- 

(12,996) 

(129) 

(887) 

13,289 

(5,554) 

(129) 

16,207 

- 

- 

- 

134  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  36.     CASH FLOWS 

36.1   Operating activities 

Adjustments for non-cash items, interest and 
dividends: 

Interest and dividend income 

Net investment gains 

Net increase in actuarial liabilities 

Interest expense and finance costs 

Depreciation and amortisation 

Increase in provision for unearned premiums 

Other items 

Changes in operating assets: 

Investment property 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities purchased under agreement to resell 

Deposits 

Other assets and receivables 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

36.     CASH FLOWS (continued 

36.1   Operating activities (continued) 

2010 

2009 

The gross changes in investment property, debt securities and equity securities are as follows. 

Investment property: 

Disbursements 

Disposal proceeds 

Debt securities: 

Disbursements 

Disposal proceeds 

Equity securities: 

Disbursements 

Disposal proceeds 

(cid:1)

(248,881) 

(262,889) 

(42,172) 

145,584 

94,366 

18,269 

46,377 

(27,279) 

(13,736) 

(32,346) 

163,781 

117,710 

18,659 

44,351 

(10,690) 

38,576 

(3,857) 

3,058 

(260,006) 

(307,352) 

(3,520) 

16,512 

795 

(16,650) 

(1,563) 

(56,512) 

(30,339) 

18,079 

(697) 

(1,785) 

7,158 

1,963 

(70,528) 

2,332 

(355,140) 

(347,772) 

2010 

2009 

(11,233)

(806) 

7,376 

           3,864 

(3,857)

           3,058 

(1,730,447)

(1,745,626) 

1,470,441 

    1,438,274 

(260,006)

(307,352) 

(62,079)

(42,943) 

58,559 

       61,022 

(3,520)

       18,079 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  36.     CASH FLOWS (continued) 

36.1   Operating activities (continued) 

Changes in operating liabilities: 

Insurance liabilities 

Investment contract liabilities  

Other funding instruments 

Deposits  

Securities 

Other liabilities and payables 

 36.2    Investing activities 

Property, plant and equipment: 

Purchases 

Disposal proceeds 

 36.3   Financing activities           

Notes and loans payable: 

Proceeds 

Repayments 

36.4   Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash resources 

Call deposits and other liquid balances  

Bank overdrafts 

Other short-term borrowings  

136  Sagicor Financial Corporation

37.     DIVESTITURE, ACQUISITIONS AND OWNERSHIP CHANGES 

2010 

2009 

37.1   Divestiture of interest in Sagicor General Insurance (Cayman) Limited (SGC) 

109,600 

           41,425 

(14,536) 

           50,503 

(14,154) 

           41,501 

11,925 

85,005 

(314) 

(12,881) 

(9,492) 

           43,847 

168,348 

        164,081 

2010 

2009 

(13,306) 

(11,604) 

3,054 

            1,970 

(10,252) 

(9,634) 

2010 

2009 

- 

          36,833 

(14,452) 

                   - 

(14,452) 

          36,833 

2010 

2009 

218,635 

        196,020 

80,085 

        141,412 

(2,580) 

(17,072) 

(2,380) 

(5,434) 

279,068 

        329,618 

Effective  January  1,  2010,  Sagicor  Life  of  the  Cayman  Islands  Limited  (SLC)  disposed  of  its  75% 
shareholding in SGC. The divestiture has been accounted for as follows: 

Goodwill attributable to SGC 

75% share of net assets of SGC 

Proceeds on divestiture 

Gain on divestiture 

The gain on divestiture is attributable to: 

Shareholders 

Minority interests 

$000 

933 

9,726 

10,659 

11,597 

938 

555 

383 

At the time of divestiture, SLC purchased the 100% interest in Sagicor Insurance Managers Limited 
from SGC. This transaction has been accounted for as follows: 

Net assets of Sagicor Insurance Managers 

Purchase consideration - cash 

Balance on acquisition  

The balance on acquisition is attributable to: 

Shareholders 

Minority interests 

$000 

270 

307 

37 

22 

15 

The balance on acquisition has been net off the goodwill attributable to SGC. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

37.     DIVESTITURE, ACQUISITIONS AND OWNERSHIP CHANGES 

38.    RESTATEMENTS (continued) 

37.2    Ownership changes – Pan Caribbean Financial Services (PCFS) 

Effective  November  11,  2009,  the  Company  sold  its  direct  33%  interest  in  PCFS  to  Sagicor  Life 
Jamaica (SLJ) for cash consideration. The net disposal proceeds received by the Company amounted 
to $28,451 giving rise to a net loss to shareholders booked in retained earnings of $11,363. The net 
loss and other movements in equity are disclosed in the consolidated statement of equity.  

As a consequence of the transaction the Group reduced its total interest in PCFS from 64% to 51% 
and SLJ increased its total interest in PCFS from 53% to 86%. 
(cid:1)
38.    RESTATEMENTS 

As set out in notes 2.13(a) and 13.2, the Group has changed its accounting policy for the recording of 
changes in actuarial liabilities arising from fair value movements of assets which are recorded in other 
comprehensive income. The change in accounting policy has been applied retroactively. The effect of 
the  change  to  the  statements  of  equity,  income  and  comprehensive  income  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2009 are summarised in the following tables.  

STATEMENT OF INCOME - 2009 

Previously  
stated 

Prior year  
adjustment 

Restated 

Income before taxes 

Income taxes 

Net income  

Net income attributed to: 

Shareholders 

Participating accounts 

Minority interest 

82,635 

(12,184) 

70,451 

50,502 

(5,113) 

25,062 

70,451 

24,254 

(7,148) 

17,106 

16,344 

762 

- 

17,106 

106,889 

(19,332) 

87,557 

66,846 

(4,351) 

25,062 

87,557 

Previously  
stated 

Prior year  
adjustment 

Restated 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME - 2009 

Previously  
stated 

Prior year  
adjustment 

Restated 

STATEMENT OF EQUITY 

Balance, January 1, 2009: 

Shareholders’ equity - reserves 

(85,272) 

12,695 

(72,577) 

Shareholders’ equity - retained earnings 

Participating account 

Balance, December 31, 2009: 

Shareholders’ equity - reserves 

Shareholders’ equity - retained earnings 

Participating account 

274,870 

12,499 

202,097 

(38,238) 

296,927 

6,984 

265,673 

(10,840) 

264,030 

(1,855) 

10,644 

- 

202,097 

(4,371) 

5,504 

(1,133) 

(42,609) 

302,431 

5,851 

- 

265,673 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income  

70,451 

30,395 

100,846 

17,106 

(17,106) 

87,557 

13,289 

- 

100,846 

Total comprehensive income attributed 
to: 

Shareholders 

Participating accounts 

Minority interest 

83,775 

(5,255) 

22,326 

100,846 

(722) 

722 

- 

- 

83,053 

(4,533) 

22,326 

100,846 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  137

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  39.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES  

39.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES   (continued) 

39.1   Commitments 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Group  enters  into  commitments  at  the  date  of  the  financial 
statements  for  which  no  provision  has  been  made  in  these  financial  statements.  Non-cancellable 
commitments  for  loan  disbursements,  operating  lease  and  rental  payments  are  disclosed  in  note 
41.2(a). 

39.2   Contingent liabilities 

Guarantee  and  financial  facilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial  statements  for  which  no  provision  has 
been made in these financial statements include the following: 

Customer guarantees and  letters of credit 

Letter of credit facility 

2010 

2009 

12,594 

81,559 

94,153 

13,107 

84,127 

97,234 

There  are  equal  and  offsetting  claims  against  customers  in  the  event  of  a  call  on  the  above 
commitments for customer guarantees and letters of credit. 

(a) Legal proceedings 

During  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Group  is  subject  to  legal  actions  which  may  affect  the 
reported amounts of liabilities, benefits and expenses. Management considers that any liability from 
these actions, for which provision has not been already made, will not be material. 

(b) Tax assessments 

The  Group  is  also  subject  to  tax  assessments  during  the  normal  course  of  business.  Adequate 
provision  has  been  made  for  all  assessments  received  to  date  and  for  tax  liabilities  accruing  in 
accordance with management’s understanding of tax regulations. Potential tax assessments may be 
received by the Group which are in addition to accrued tax liabilities. No provisions have been made 
in these financial statements for such potential tax assessments. 

138  Sagicor Financial Corporation

39.2   Contingent liabilities   (continued) 

(c)  Insurance contracts    

The Group develops and markets insurance products under various types of insurance contracts. The 
design of these products is consistent with international best practice and reflects the current thinking 
at the time of development. The Group keeps its products under review to ensure that they meet both 
policyholder and company expectations. 

One such insurance product is the universal life product which was developed and launched in 1987 
in Jamaica.  The design of a Universal Life policy is such that on realistic assumptions, the fund value 
built-up  from  premiums  paid  and  from  investment  earnings  is  required  in  later  years  to  pay  the 
administrative costs and mortality charges. 

A review of the Universal Life portfolio revealed that approximately 17,000 policies were affected by 
fund  values  which  were  insufficient  to  cover  these  costs  through  the  life  of  the  policies.    Once  the 
issue  was  recognised,  the  Group  initiated  discussion  with  the  Regulators,  the  Financial  Services 
Commission  (FSC),  as  a  result  of  which  the  affected  policyholders  were  given  the  opportunity  to 
reduce  their  existing  coverage  under  the  policies  or  to  increase  the  premiums  at  their  expense.  
Approximately 95% of these policyholders agreed to adjustments to their policies(cid:18) 

The  Group  estimates  that  less  than  1%  of  the  affected  policyholders  have  filed  complaints  with  the 
FSC, which carried out investigations and made a submission to the Group.  The FSC suggested a 
number of alternatives to remedy the issue.   The Group is in discussions with the FSC on the matter.  
The cost, if any, of resolving this issue cannot be quantified at this time. 

(d) Hurricane Ivan claims    

Effective  November  30,  2005,  Sagicor  Life  of  the  Cayman  Islands  (SLC),  a  subsidiary  of  the 
Company, acquired a 51% stake in Sagicor General Insurance Cayman Ltd (SGC) (formerly Cayman 
General  Insurance  Ltd)  from  Cayman  National  Corporation  Ltd  (CNC).    On  October  22,  2007,  SLC 
purchased  an  additional  24.2%  interest  in  SGC 
   CNC. Under  the  terms  of  the  initial  Sale  and 
from 
Purchase  Agreement,  CNC  provided  certain  warranties  to  SLC  including  amounts  in  relation  to 
Hurricane Ivan claims, not finally settled.    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

39.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (continued) 

40.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

39.2   Contingent liabilities (continued) 

SGC  filed  suit  in  February  2006  against  certain  third  parties  to  recover  sums  paid  for  work  done  in 
respect of Hurricane Ivan (the "Windsor Village litigation"). The understanding of the parties (SLC and 
CNC) based on discussions held was that CNC would be entitled to retain any benefits realised from 
the Windsor Village litigation and as a consequence SLC’s position is that CNC would be responsible 
for all liabilities that might arise from it. CNC has also been responsible for the conduct of the litigation. 

In  December  2008, SGC withdrew its  claims  against  the  third  parties  and  the  third  parties lodged 
counterclaims against SGC. Indemnity costs, unpaid invoices, damages and Court awards were paid.  
In addition, counterclaims related to abuse of process were lodged by third parties against SGC.  

It is the Group’s view, supported by legal advice received, that there is legal basis for relying on the 
warranty  under  the  agreement  in  respect  of  certain  of  the  counterclaims  in  the  “Windsor  Village 
litigation”.  The Group also intends to rely on the understanding arrived at between the parties prior to 
law suits being filed.   

As  part  of  the  agreement  for  sale  of  SGI,  SLC  placed  part  of  the  sale  proceeds  in  an  escrow  to 
compensate for the possibility of court awards over and above the provision of $4,750 made by SGI at 
December  31,  2009.  In  February  2011,  SLC  received  communication  from  its  legal  advisors  that 
judgement  had  been  handed  down  in  respect  of  the  case  and  recognised  an  additional  liability  of 
$2,500 representing its share of the court awarded costs and interest. 

Certain related party transactions and balances are included in notes 5, 9, 12, 20, 26, 30, 37 and 47 of 
the financial statements.  

(a)  Key management transactions and balances 

Key  management  comprises  directors  and  senior  management  of  the  Company  and  of  Group 
subsidiaries. Key management includes those persons at or above the level of Vice President or its 
equivalent. Compensation of, and loans to these individuals are summarised in the following tables: 

Compensation 

Salaries, directors’ fees and other short-term benefits 

Equity-settled and cash settled compensation benefits 

Pension and other retirement benefits 

2010 

17,412 

1,619 

832 

19,863 

2009 

18,334 

2,943 

928 

22,205 

Balance, beginning of year 

Advances 

Repayments 

Effects of exchange rate changes 

Balance, end of year 

Mortgage loans 

Other loans 

Total loans 

4,528 

305 

(688) 

(2) 

4,143 

209 

286 

(176) 

5 

324 

4,737 

591 

(864) 

3 

4,467 

Interest rates prevailing during the year 

5% - 8.0% 

5% - 17.95% 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  139

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK  

The Group’s activities of issuing insurance contracts, of accepting funds from depositors, of investing 
insurance premium and deposit receipts in a variety of financial and other assets, banking and dealing 
in  securities,  exposes  the  Group  to  various  insurance  and  financial  risks.    Financial  risks  include 
credit,  liquidity  and  market  risks.  Market  risks  arise  from  changes  in  interest  rates,  equity  prices, 
currency exchange rates or other market factors.   

The  overriding  objective  of  the  Group’s  risk  management  framework  is  to  enhance  its  capital  base 
through  competitive  earnings  growth  and  to  protect  capital  against  inherent  business  risks.  This 
means  that  the  Group  accepts  certain  levels  of  risk  in  order  to  generate  returns,  and  the  Group 
manages  the  levels  of  risk  assumed  through  enterprise  wide  risk  management  policies  and 
procedures. Identified risks are assessed as to their potential financial impact and as to their likelihood 
of occurrence. 

The effects of financial and insurance risks are disclosed in the sections below and in notes 42, 43 
and 44.  

41.1   Credit risk  

Credit  risk  is  the  exposure  that  the  counterparty  to  a  financial  instrument  is  unable  to  meet  an 
obligation,  thereby  causing  a  financial  loss  to  the  Group.  Credit  risks  are  primarily  associated  with 
financial investments and reinsurance contracts held. 

Credit  risk  from  financial  investments  is  minimised  through  holding  a  diversified  portfolio  of 
investments,  purchasing  securities  and  advancing  loans  only  after  careful  assessment  of  the 
borrower, obtaining collateral before advancing loans, and placing deposits with financial institutions 
with  a  strong  capital  base.  Limits  may  be  placed  on  the  amount  of  risk  accepted  in  relation  to  one 
borrower. 

The maximum exposures of the Group to credit risk without taking into account any collateral or any 
credit enhancements are set out in the following table.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

Government and government-guaranteed 
securities 

2010 

2009 

$000 

% 

$000 

% 

1,497,082 

35.7% 

1,350,052 

35.2% 

Collateralised mortgage obligations 

159,574 

3.8% 

193,487 

5.0% 

Corporate debt securities 

Other securities 

Total debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities purchased under agreements to 
resell 

Derivative financial instruments 

Deposits 

Reinsurance assets 

Premiums receivable 

Other accounts receivable 

Cash resources 

898,452 

21.4% 

632,867 

16.5% 

53,444 

1.3% 

47,883 

   1.3% 

2,608,552 

62.2% 

2,224,289 

58.0% 

297,082 

123,250 

144,065 

7.1% 

2.9% 

3.4% 

313,276 

124,017 

135,078 

8.2% 

3.2% 

3.5% 

28,567 

0.7% 

82,315 

2.1% 

12,070 

311,694 

240,939 

145,175 

39,708 

218,635 

0.3% 

7.4% 

5.7% 

3.5% 

0.9% 

5.3% 

4,105 

274,516 

249,113 

128,794 

62,736 

196,020 

0.1% 

7.2% 

6.5% 

3.4% 

1.6% 

5.1% 

Total financial statements exposures 

4,169,737 

99.4% 

3,794,259 

98.9% 

Loan commitments 

Customer guarantees and letters of credit 

Total off financial statements exposures 

13,002 

12,594 

25,596 

0.3% 

0.3% 

0.6% 

31,029 

13,107 

44,136 

0.8% 

0.3% 

1.1% 

Total 

4,195,333 

100.0% 

3,838,395 

100.0% 

The amounts in respect of customer guarantees and letters of credit represent(cid:1)potential claims against(cid:1)
customers in the event of a call on customer guarantees and letters of(cid:1)credit issued by the Group. 

(cid:1)

140  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

Commencing  in  2009,  the  Group  developed  an  internal  credit  rating  for  its  financial  assets  and 
reinsurance  exposures.  The  internal  rating  is  a  10  point  scale  which  allows  for  distinctions  in  risk 
characteristics and is referenced to the rating scales of international credit rating agencies.  The scale 
is set out in the following table. 

Category 

Investment 
grade 

t
l
u
a
f
e
d
-
n
o
N

Non- 
investment  
grade 

Watch 

Default 

Sagicor 
Risk 
Rating 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Classification 

S&P 

Moody’s 

Fitch 

AM Best 

Minimal risk 

AAA, AA 

Aaa, Aa 

AAA, AA 

aaa, aa 

Low risk 

A 

Moderate risk 

BBB 

Acceptable risk 

BB 

Average risk 

B 

A 

Baa 

Ba 

B 

A 

a 

BBB 

bbb 

BB 

B 

bb 

b 

Higher risk 

CCC, CC 

Caa, Ca 

CCC, 

ccc, cc 

Default 

Special mention  C 

Substandard 

Doubtful 

D 

C 

C 

10 

Loss 

C 

D 

C 

DDD 

DD 

D 

The 3 default grades are for the Group’s lending portfolios (i.e. mortgage loans, policy loans, finance 
loans and finance leases). Investment securities and reinsurance exposures use one default grade.  

Reinsurance exposures are best assessed under realistic disaster scenarios. Therefore the internal 
rating assessments of reinsurance assets arising from property and casualty insurance risks are set 
out in note 42.1(e). 

As internal credit ratings have only been done by the larger subsidiaries within the Group, 
approximately 89% (2009 - 91%) by value of financial investments and cash balances have been 
covered. The results are as follows: 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

Category 

Investment 
grade 

Non- 
investment  
grade 

t
l
u
a
f
e
d
-
n
o
N

Watch 

Sagicor 
Risk 
Rating 

Classification 

2010 

2009 

Exposure 
$000 

Exposure 
% 

Exposure 
$000 

Exposure 
% 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

Minimal risk 

Low risk 

708,264 

615,763 

Moderate risk 

759,269 

Acceptable 
risk 

193,973 

Average risk 

1,087,105 

Higher risk 

Special 

Substandard 

Doubtful 

10 

Loss 

34,377 

20,091 

23,849 

5,229 

2,308 

21 

18 

22 

6 

32 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

749,236 

556,182 

646,834 

255,034 

89,827 

24 

18 

20 

7 

3 

854,125 

27 

12,630 

      22,882 

        5,041 

       1,634 

- 

1 

- 

- 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

TOTALS 

3,450,228 

100 

3,193,425 

100 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

As  of  the  date  of  the  financial  statements,  the  Group’s  largest  exposures  to  individual  counterparty 
credit risks are set out below. 

Sagicor 
Risk 
Rating 

2010 

  Sagicor 
Risk 
Rating 

2009 

Debt securities: 

Government of Jamaica 

Federal government of USA   

Federal agencies of the USA 

Government of Barbados  

Government of Trinidad and Tobago  

Deposits & cash: 

The Bank of Nova Scotia  

Reinsurance assets: 

Scottish Re (U.S.) Inc (1)  

Washington National Insurance Company (2) 

5 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

7 

5 

916,457 

96,024 

143,990 

133,168 

122,660 

113,996 

6 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

109,624 

56,745 

Not  
rated 

5 

769,958 

132,363 

143,377 

113,541 

150,056 

102,235 

128,563 

63,113 

(1) The reinsurance asset held in the name of Scottish Re is secured by assets held in trust by a 
third  party  and  by  the  Group  (see  note  9.2).  The  total  assets  held  in  trust  amount  to  $149,819 
(2009 - $178,362).  

(2) The reinsurance asset arises from reinsurance assumed on a block of life insurance policies. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

Exposure to credit risk is also managed in part by obtaining collateral and guarantees for mortgage 
loans and finance loans and finance leases. For mortgage loans, the collateral is real estate property, 
and the approved loan limit is 75% to 95% of collateral value. For finance loans and finance leases, 
the collateral often comprises a vehicle or other form of security and the approved loan / lease limit is 
80%  to  100%  of  the  collateral  value.  Unsecured  finance  loans  and  finance  leases  are  only  granted 
when the initial amount is less than $15. 

Exposure to mortgage loans and finance loans and finance leases by geographic area is as follows.  

(cid:1)

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad & Tobago 

Other Caribbean 

USA 

2010 

2009 

139,201 

127,730 

103,886 

45,902 

24,428 

144,344 

120,886 

106,401 

47,681 

29,042 

441,147 

448,354 

Policy loans are advanced on the security of the underlying insurance policy cash values. Cash loans 
are advanced to a maximum of 82% to 100% of the cash surrender value. Automatic premium loans 
are advanced to the extent of available cash surrender value. 

For securities purchased under agreement to resell, title to the securities are transferred to the Group 
for the duration of the agreement. 

For property casualty insurance premiums receivable, insurers frequently provide settlement terms to 
customers and intermediaries which extend up to 6 months.  

142  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

(a)   Past due and impaired financial investments 

A financial asset is past due when a counterparty has failed to make payment when contractually due.  

The  Group  is  most  exposed  to  the  risk  of  past  due  assets  with  respect  to  its  financial  investments 
namely, its debt securities, mortgage loans, finance loans and finance leases. 

Debt  securities  are  assessed  for  impairment  when  amounts  are  past  due,  when  the  borrower  is 
experiencing  cash  flow  difficulties,  or  when  the  borrower’s  credit  rating  has  been  downgraded.  
Mortgage loans less than 90 to 180 days past due and finance loans and finance leases less than 90 
days  past  due  are  not  assessed  for  impairment  unless  other  information  is  available  to  indicate  the 
contrary.   

The assessment for impairment includes a review of the collateral. If the past due period is less than 
the  trigger  for  impairment  review,  the  collateral  is  not  normally  reviewed  and  re-assessed  but  is 
included in the amounts for(cid:1)collateral. 

The tables below summarise the carrying value of financial investments which are past due, but are 
not considered to be impaired and the estimated fair value of collateral.   

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Debt  
securities 

Mortgage  
loans 

Finance 
loans  /leases 

10,945 

1,836 

331 

33 

13,145 

2,558 

21,164 

2,220 

766 

52 

54,833 

9,296 

6,952 

8,127 

79,208 

136,641 

20,237 

6,837 

6,086 

6,100 

24,202 

39,260 

- 

112,789 

39,908 

598 

- 

- 

40,506 

113,992 

18,447 

434 

- 

- 

18,881 

54,036 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

2010 

With amounts past due up to 3 months 

With amounts past due  up to 12 months  

With amounts past due up to 5 years 

With amounts past due over 5 years 

Total 

Estimated fair value of collateral 

2009 

With amounts past due up to 3 months 

With amounts past due  up to 12 months  

With amounts past due up to 5 years 

With amounts past due over 5 years 

Total 

Estimated fair value of collateral 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

Balances  relating  to  impaired  financial  investments  are  summarised  in  the  following  table.  The 
accumulated allowance for impairment reflects the Group’s assessment of total individually impaired 
investments at the date of the financial statements. 

Gross  
carrying  
value 

Accumulated  
allowance 
for  
impairment 

Net  
carrying  
value 

Estimated  
fair value  
of collateral 

2010 

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Total 

2009 

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

12,811 

19,257 

6,242 

38,310 

14,415 

18,806 

4,184 

(6,445) 

(3,418) 

(2,706) 

(12,569) 

(7,651) 

(2,310) 

(2,301) 

Total 

37,405 

(12,262) 

6,366 

15,839 

3,536 

25,741 

6,764 

16,496 

1,883 

25,143 

3,955 

22,911 

25,863 

52,729 

5,931 

26,884 

6,329 

39,144 

Interest of $472 (2009 - $423) has been accrued on impaired financial investments. 

The Group is also exposed to impaired premiums receivable. However, under the terms of insurance 
contracts, insurers can usually lapse an insurance policy for non-payment of premium, or if there is a 
claim, recover any unpaid premiums from the claim proceeds. 

144  Sagicor Financial Corporation

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.1   Credit risk (continued) 

(b)    Repossessed assets 

The  Group  may  foreclose  on  overdue  mortgage  loans  and  finance  loans  and  finance  leases  by 
repossessing the pledged asset. The pledged asset may consist of real estate, equipment or vehicles 
which  the  Group  will  seek  to  dispose  of  by  sale.  In  some  instances,  the  Group  may  provide  re-
financing to a new purchaser on customary terms.  

(c)   Renegotiated assets 

The  Group  may  renegotiate  the  terms  of  any  financial  investment  to  facilitate  borrowers  in  financial 
difficulty.  Arrangements  to  waive,  adjust  or  postpone  scheduled  amounts  due  may  be  entered  into. 
The Group classifies these amounts as past due, unless the original agreement is formally revised, 
modified  or  substituted,  in  which  case,  the  financial  investment  is  classified  as  renegotiated.    The 
carrying value of financial investments at the date of the financial statements which were renegotiated 
during the year totalled $6,689 (2009 - $1,190). 
(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.2   Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the exposure that the Group may encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated 
with financial or insurance liabilities that are settled by cash or by another financial asset. Liquidity risk 
also arises when excess funds accumulate resulting in the loss of opportunity to increase investment 
returns.  Group  companies  monitor  cash  inflows  and  outflows  in  each  operating  currency.  Through 
experience and monitoring, the Group is able to maintain sufficient liquid resources to meet current 
obligations.  

Asset liability matching is a tool used by the Group to mitigate liquidity risks(cid:1)particularly in operations 
with significant maturing short-term liabilities. 

Certain investment portfolios within the Group contain debt and equity securities which can only be 
disposed of over a period of time.  In such instances, the Group generally maintains higher levels of 
short-term instruments to compensate for the relative illiquidity of the aforementioned securities.  

Investment property may be held to back insurance liabilities. As these assets are relatively illiquid, 
the insurers hold less than 10% of their total assets in investment property. 

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(a)  Financial liabilities and commitments 

Contractual cash flow  obligations of the  Group in respect of  its financial liabilities and commitments 
are summarised in the following tables.  Amounts are analysed by their earliest contractual maturity 
dates  and  consist  of  the  contractual  un-discounted  cash  flows.  Where  the  interest  rate  of  an 
instrument for a future period has not been determined as of the date of the financial statements, it is 
assumed that the interest rate then prevailing continues until final maturity.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Sagicor Financial Corporation  145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.2   Liquidity risk (continued) 
(cid:1)

Financial liabilities: 

Investment contract liabilities 

Notes and loans payable 

Deposit and security liabilities: 

   Other funding instruments 

   Customer deposits  

   Structured products 

   Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 

   Derivative financial instruments 

   Bank overdrafts 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010   -   Contractual cash flows 

2009   -   Contractual cash flows 

Within 
 1 year  

1 to 5  
years 

After  
5 years 

Total 

Within 
 1 year  

1 to 5  
years 

After  
5 years 

Total 

264,112 

42,929 

179,998 

135,637 

4,702 

578,773 

1,372 

2,750 

27,785 

52,963 

37,413 

38,943 

6,057 

709 

66 

- 

6,221 

151,845 

32,707 

12,107 

2,598 

- 

411 

- 

298,118 

247,737 

250,118 

186,687 

13,357 

579,482 

1,849 

2,750 

286,627 

48,713 

170,777 

128,382 

- 

507,664 

- 

2,380 

156,205 

17,405 

73,992 

44,430 

32,489 

4,071 

359 

199 

- 

3,166 

162,134 

37,208 

13,064 

2,573 

307,198 

284,839 

252,415 

173,935 

6,644 

- 

508,023 

2,049 

- 

2,248 

2,380 

8,774 

30,688 

195,667 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

149,510 

7,054 

30,894 

187,458 

Total financial liabilities 

1,359,783 

170,990 

236,783 

1,767,556 

1,300,748 

181,719 

250,882 

1,733,349 

Off financial statement commitments: 

Loan commitments 

Operating lease and rental payments 

Total off financial statements commitments 

12,793 

4,253 

17,046 

199 

6,214 

6,413 

10 

- 

10 

13,002 

10,467 

23,469 

27,479 

4,585 

32,064 

3,433 

9,253 

12,686 

117 

3 

120 

31,029 

13,841 

44,870 

Total  

1,376,829 

177,403 

236,793 

1,791,025 

1,332,812 

194,405 

251,002 

1,778,219 

146  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.2   Liquidity risk (continued) 

(b)  Insurance liabilities 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

The Group’s insurance liabilities mature in periods which are summarised in the following table. Amounts are stated at their carrying values recognised in the financial statements and are analysed by their 
expected due periods, which have been estimated by actuarial or other statistical methods.  

2010 

2009 

Maturing 
within 
1 year 

Maturing 
1 to 5  
years 

Maturing 
after  
5 years 

Total 

Maturing 
within 
1 year 

Maturing 
1 to 5  
years 

Maturing 
after  
5 years 

Total 

79,292 

326,522 

1,347,898 

1,753,712 

93,497 

284,890 

1,234,144 

1,612,531 

244,530 

323,822 

88,881 

92,085 

425,496 

415,403 

1,439,983 

2,179,208 

156,785 

250,282 

66,177 

77,228 

300,190 

351,067 

1,311,372 

1,912,721 

Actuarial liabilities 

Other insurance liabilities (1) 

Total 

(1) Consists of monetary items 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  147

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.2   Liquidity risk (continued) 

(c)  Financial and insurance assets 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

The Group’s monetary financial and insurance assets mature in periods which are summarised in the following tables. Amounts are stated at their carrying values recognised in the financial statements and are 
analysed by their contractual maturity dates.  

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Deposits 

Derivative financial instruments 

Reinsurance assets: share of actuarial liabilities 

Reinsurance assets: other 

Premiums receivable 

Other accounts receivable 

Cash resources  

Total 

2010 

2009 

Maturing 
within 
1 year 

Maturing 
1 to 5  
years 

Maturing 
after  
5 years 

Total 

Maturing 
within 
1 year 

Maturing 
1 to 5  
years 

Maturing 
after  
5 years 

Total 

373,984 

682,412 

1,552,156 

2,608,552 

433,425 

576,966 

1,213,898 

2,224,289 

25,527 

3,958 

65,832 

28,530 

264,670 

2,018 

15,688 

44,921 

145,175 

33,491 

218,635 

32,884 

14,155 

58,481 

- 

46,270 

9,640 

53,875 

13,366 

- 

1,174 

- 

238,671 

105,137 

19,752 

37 

754 

412 

297,082 

123,250 

144,065 

28,567 

311,694 

12,070 

108,515 

178,078 

4,574 

62,861 

- 

145,175 

5,043 

39,708 

- 

218,635 

22,081 

4,251 

56,466 

82,315 

229,098 

274 

25,148 

33,794 

128,043 

58,567 

196,020 

27,471 

12,294 

51,631 

- 

44,900 

3,345 

66,934 

3,084 

751 

653 

- 

263,724 

107,472 

26,981 

- 

518 

486 

313,276 

124,017 

135,078 

82,315 

274,516 

4,105 

115,614 

207,696 

4,539 

41,417 

- 

128,794 

3,516 

62,736 

- 

196,020 

1,222,429 

912,257 

2,035,051 

4,169,737 

1,269,482 

788,029 

1,736,748 

3,794,259 

148  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk  

The Group is exposed to interest rate risks. Cash flow interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows 
of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Fair value interest 
rate  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  will  fluctuate  because  of  changes  in 
market interest rates. The occurrence of an adverse change in interest rates on invested assets may 
result  in  financial  loss  to  the  Group  in  fulfilling  the  contractual  returns  on  insurance  and  financial 
liabilities. 

The return on investments may be variable, fixed for a term or fixed to maturity. On reinvestment of a 
matured investment, the returns available on the new investment may be significantly different from the 
returns formerly achieved. This is known as reinvestment risk. 

Guaranteed minimum returns exist within cash values of long term traditional insurance contracts, long 
term  universal  life  insurance  contracts,  annuity  options,  deposit  administration  liabilities  and  policy 
funds on deposit. Where the returns credited exceed the guaranteed minima, the insurer usually has 
the  option  to  adjust  the  return  from  period  to  period.  For  other  financial  liabilities,  returns  are  usually 
contractual and may only be adjusted on contract renewal or contract re-pricing.   

The Group is therefore exposed to the effects of fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market interest 
rates on its financial position and cash flows. Interest margins may increase or decrease as a result of 
such changes.  Interest rate changes may also result in losses if asset and liability cash flows are not 
closely matched with respect to timing and amount. 

The  Group  is  exposed  to  risk  under  embedded  derivatives  contained  in  a  host  insurance  contract. 
These risks include exposures to investment returns which may produce losses to the insurer arising 
from the following contract features: 

(cid:1)  minimum annuity rates which are guaranteed to be applied at some future date;  
(cid:1)  minimum  guaranteed  death  benefits  which  are  applicable  when  the  performance  of  an 

interest bearing or unit linked fund falls below expectations; 

(cid:1)  minimum  guaranteed  returns  in  respect  of  cash  values  and  universal  life  investment 

accounts.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

The  Group  manages  its  interest  rate  risk  by  a  number  of  measures,  including  where  feasible  the 
selection  of  assets  which  best  match  the  maturity  of  liabilities,  the  offering  of  investment  contracts 
which match the maturity profile of assets, the re-pricing of interest rates on loans receivable, policy 
contracts and financial liabilities in response to market changes. In certain Caribbean markets, where 
availability of suitable investments is often a challenge, the Group holds many of its fixed rate debt 
securities to maturity and therefore mitigates the transient interest rate changes in these markets.  

(cid:1)
The tables following summarise the exposures to interest rates on the Group’s insurance and financial 
liabilities (excluding actuarial liabilities which are disclosed in note 43). It includes liabilities at carrying 
amounts, categorised by the earlier of contractual re-pricing or maturity dates.  Insurance liabilities are 
categorised by their expected maturities.   

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Exposure 
within 
1 year 

Exposure 
1 to 5  
years 

2010  

Exposure 
after  
5 years 

Not 
exposed to 
interest 

2009    

Total 

Exposure 
within 
1 year 

Exposure 
1 to 5  
years 

Exposure 
after  
5 years 

Not 
exposed to 
interest 

Total 

Other insurance liabilities (1) 

32,554 

5,430 

56,134 

331,378 

Investment contract liabilities 

257,945 

26,400 

5,096 

4,897 

Notes and loans payable 

30,527 

7,155 

145,838 

(1,635) 

Deposit and security liabilities: 

   Other funding instruments 

   Customer deposits  

   Structured products 

   Securities sold under agreements to 

repurchase 

   Derivative financial instruments 

   Bank overdrafts 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

174,792 

125,948 

2,309 

571,198 

- 

2,580 

264 

27,445 

31,479 

740 

649 

- 

- 

108 

425,496 

294,338 

181,885 

229,617 

168,134 

5,655 

29,483 

284,954 

36,513 

174,177 

122,735 

- 

4,604 

16,541 

20,005 

28,742 

27,963 

3,765 

54,990 

     211,113 

2,738 

            164 

146,811 

(2,485) 

30,187 

            337 

10,658 

         1,633 

1,534 

                 - 

300,190 

304,397 

200,844 

233,443 

162,989 

5,299 

27,033 

9,655 

1,533 

347 

1,052 

1,073 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,869 

575,716 

492,177 

283 

1,849 

- 

1,849 

2,580 

187,037 

187,409 

- 

2,380 

153 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

         8,668 

501,128 

         2,248 

                 - 

2,248 

2,380 

      195,514 

195,667 

Total  

1,198,117 

99,406 

245,289 

529,867 

2,072,679 

1,142,572 

101,903 

246,918 

      417,192 

1,908,585 

(1)   Consists of monetary items 

(cid:1)

150  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

The tables following summarise the exposures to interest rate and reinvestment risks of the Group’s insurance and financial assets. Assets are stated at carrying amounts, categorised by the earlier of contractual 
re-pricing or maturity dates.  Reinsurance assets and policy loans are categorised by their expected maturities. 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and leases 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Deposits 

Derivative financial instruments 

Reinsurance assets:  other 

Premiums receivable 

Other accounts receivable 

Cash resources 

Total 

(cid:1)

Exposure 
within 
1 year 

Exposure 
1 to 5  
years 

2010  

Exposure 
after  
5 years 

Not 
exposed to 
interest 

Total 

Exposure 
within 
1 year 

Exposure 
1 to 5  
years 

2009    

Exposure 
after  
5 years 

Not 
exposed to 
interest 

Total 

580,495 

567,323 

1,416,369 

44,365 

2,608,552 

595,890 

527,013 

1,056,989 

44,397 

2,224,289 

- 

84,318 

3,220 

64,476 

28,401 

307,682 

845 

38 

72 

415 

122,528 

- 

27,457 

13,991 

58,318 

- 

1,389 

1,661 

114 

- 

1,159 

1,568 

- 

111,552 

111,552 

180,850 

102,400 

20,104 

37 

431 

- 

4,457 

3,639 

1,167 

129 

2,192 

9,564 

4,574 

58,135 

297,082 

123,250 

144,065 

28,567 

12,070 

62,861 

39,708 

145,103 

145,175 

- 

- 

- 

38,134 

94,539 

218,635 

153,089 

- 

90,812 

3,418 

58,399 

81,911 

196 

64 

- 

398 

- 

23,554 

12,166 

50,687 

- 

- 

648 

182 

- 

564 

- 

- 

116,846 

116,846 

194,604 

104,441 

24,875 

- 

304 

- 

4,306 

3,992 

1,117 

404 

5,406 

3,261 

4,539 

36,632 

313,276 

124,017 

135,078 

82,315 

274,516 

4,105 

41,417 

- 

- 

- 

128,794 

128,794 

61,774 

42,931 

62,736 

196,020 

311,694 

268,806 

1,192,490 

672,980 

1,724,765 

512,976 

4,103,211 

1,252,983 

614,814 

1,385,752 

449,860 

3,703,409 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  151

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

  41.3 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

The table below summarises the average interest yields on financial assets and liabilities held during 
the year. 

Pan Caribbean Financial Services Limited and its subsidiaries (PCFS) 

2010 

2009 

The  following  table  indicates  the  sensitivity  to  a  reasonable  possible  change  in  interest  rates,  with  all 
other variables held constant, on net income and total comprehensive income (TCI) of PCFS. 

Financial assets: 

Debt securities 

Mortgage loans 

Policy loans 

Finance loans and finance leases 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Deposits 

Financial liabilities 

Investment contract liabilities 

Notes and loans payable 

Other funding instruments 

Customer deposits 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 

a) Sensitivity 

8.1% 

8.3% 

8.6% 

11.4% 

5.6% 

2.5% 

8.3% 

8.7% 

2.0% 

5.3% 

7.4% 

9.8% 

8.6% 

8.6% 

12.9% 

15.5% 

2.9% 

8.1% 

8.7% 

2.4% 

6.7% 

11.8% 

Sensitivity  to  interest  rate  risk  is  considered  by  operating  subsidiaries.    The  effects  of  changes  in 
interest rates of assets backing actuarial liabilities are disclosed in note 43.2. 

The Group’s property and casualty operations are not exposed to a significant degree of interest rate 
risk, since the majority of its interest bearing(cid:1)instruments has short-term maturities. 

The  sensitivity  of  the  Group’s  principal  operating  subsidiaries  engaged  in  banking,  investment 
management and other financial services are considered(cid:1)below.(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

The sensitivity of income is the effect of the assumed changes in interest rates on net income based on 
the floating rate of financial assets and financial liabilities. The sensitivity of TCI is calculated by revaluing 
fixed rate available-for-sale financial assets for the effects of the assumed changes in interest rates.  The 
correlation  of  a  number  of  variables  will  have  an  impact  on  market  risk.  It  should  be  noted  that 
movements in these variables are non-linear and are assessed individually. 
(cid:1)

2010 

2009 

Change in 

Effect on  

interest rate 

 JMD 

USD 

net  

income 

Effect on 

TCI 

Change in 

Effect on 

interest rate 

 JMD 

USD 

net 

income 

Effect on 

TCI 

- 1% 

- 0.5% 

1,841 

10,112 

- 8% 

- 3% 

8,394 

       35,379 

+ 2% 

+ 0.5% 

(3,401) 

(14,974) 

+ 2% 

+ 1% 

(2,617) 

         (8,471) 

(cid:1)
41.4   Foreign exchange risk 

The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of fluctuations in exchange rates since its 
financial assets and liabilities are denominated in a number of different currencies.  

In order to manage the risk associated with movements in currency exchange rates, the Group seeks 
to maintain investments and cash in each operating currency, which are sufficient to match liabilities 
denominated  in  the  same  currency.    Exceptions  are  made  to  invest  limited  proportions  in  United 
States dollar assets which are held to back liabilities in Caribbean currencies. Management considers 
that these assets diversify the range of investments available in the Caribbean, and in the long-term 
are likely to either maintain capital value and/or provide satisfactory returns. 

Assets and liabilities by currency are summarised in the following tables.  

152  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

ASSETS 

Financial investments(1) 

Reinsurance assets  

Receivables (1) 

Cash resources 

Other assets (2) 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES   

Actuarial liabilities 

Other insurance liabilities(1) 

Investment contracts 

Notes and loans payable 

Deposits and securities 

Provisions 

Accounts payable and accruals 

Other liabilities (2) 

Total liabilities 

Net position 

Barbados $ 

Jamaica $ 

Trinidad $ 

UK  £ 

US $ 

US$ 000 equivalents of balances denominated in 

325,300 

4,336 

11,109 

14,242 

354,987 

217,804 

572,791 

403,035 

62,412 

32,251 

- 

53,573 

11,467 

20,022 

582,760 

14,882 

597,642 

660,971 

515 

27,524 

9,260 

698,270 

141,862 

840,132 

248,201 

20,179 

69,758 

7,192 

342,108 

7,772 

36,538 

731,748 

12,204 

743,952 

306,771 

7,791 

8,971 

24,456 

347,989 

80,029 

428,018 

238,997 

19,739 

90,011 

- 

7,299 

6,539 

19,346 

381,931 

17,621 

399,552 

66,939 

17,425 

48,788 

33,506 

166,658 

98,314 

264,972 

2,085 

146,242 

- 

- 

4,216 

4,448 

18,253 

175,244 

79,952 

255,196 

1,836,535 

203,283 

53,331 

75,669 

2,168,818 

105,278 

2,274,096 

729,644 

120,193 

63,789 

174,693 

562,405 

2,669 

77,242 

1,730,635 

88,252 

1,818,887 

Other  
currencies 

Total 

328,764 

3,525,280 

7,589 

35,160 

61,502 

433,015 

54,227 

487,242 

131,750 

56,731 

38,529 

- 

13,950 

5,939 

16,008 

262,907 

50,274 

313,181 

240,939 

184,883 

218,635 

4,169,737 

697,514 

4,867,251 

1,753,712 

425,496 

294,338 

181,885 

983,551 

38,834 

187,409 

3,865,225 

263,185 

4,128,410 

(24,851) 

96,180 

28,466 

9,776 

455,209 

174,061 

738,841 

(1)  Monetary items 

(2)  Non-monetary balances, income tax balances and retirement plan assets 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued)(cid:1)
(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2009 

ASSETS 

Financial investments(1) 

Reinsurance assets  

Receivables (1) 

Cash resources 

Other assets (2) 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES   

Actuarial liabilities 

Other insurance liabilities(1) 

Investment contracts 

Notes and loans payable 

Deposits and securities 

Provisions 

Accounts payable and accruals 

Other liabilities (2) 

Total liabilities 

Net position 

Barbados $ 

Jamaica $ 

Trinidad $ 

UK  £ 

US $ 

US$ 000 equivalents of balances denominated in 

325,176 

3,766 

7,365 

24,450 

360,757 

223,658 

584,415 

385,487 

59,314 

29,839 

- 

55,373 

10,022 

26,713 

566,748 

15,164 

581,912 

2,503 

492,749 

600 

21,500 

19,057 

533,906 

146,180 

680,086 

201,290 

18,027 

53,346 

14,235 

258,379 

6,646 

57,869 

609,792 

8,090 

617,882 

62,204 

299,953 

5,722 

7,804 

11,420 

324,899 

80,219 

405,118 

220,299 

16,011 

85,648 

- 

19,269 

5,737 

12,783 

359,747 

14,411 

374,158 

30,960 

62,810 

4,860 

52,769 

39,392 

159,831 

63,604 

223,435 

1,260 

74,498 

- 

- 

- 

6,467 

10,260 

92,485 

63,969 

156,454 

66,981 

1,673,319 

225,238 

61,249 

76,187 

2,035,993 

84,478 

2,120,471 

685,917 

94,751 

100,845 

186,609 

557,165 

376 

79,645 

1,705,308 

79,273 

1,784,581 

335,890 

Other  
currencies 

Total 

303,589 

3,157,596 

8,927 

40,843 

25,514 

378,873 

67,574 

446,447 

118,278 

37,589 

34,719 

- 

17,301 

10,111 

8,397 

226,395 

37,162 

263,557 

182,890 

249,113 

191,530 

196,020 

3,794,259 

665,713 

4,459,972 

1,612,531 

300,190 

304,397 

200,844 

907,487 

39,359 

195,667 

3,560,475 

218,069 

3,778,544 

681,428 

(1)  Monetary items 

(2)  Non-monetary balances, income tax balances and retirement plan assets 

154  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

(a)  Sensitivity 

The matching of assets and liabilities by currency prevents economic exposure to currency risk, but it 
does not prevent exposure to exchange gains or losses in the income statement created as a result of 
the accounting treatment of monetary and non-monetary items. The gross and reinsurers’ share of the 
provision for unearned premiums, and the gross and reinsurers share of deferred acquisition costs are 
non-monetary assets and liabilities which are translated at their average historic rate. This means that 
these items in the statement of financial position are carried at a different exchange rate to the related 
assets  and  liabilities,  such  as  policy  benefits  payable,  premium  receivables  and  cash,  with  the 
resulting exchange differences that are created being recognised in the income statement. 

The  phenomenon  in  the  foregoing  paragraph  occurs  in  the  Sagicor  at  Lloyd’s  Syndicate  1206 
operations, which writes a significant proportion of its insurance business in currencies other than the 
pound sterling, which is its functional currency. Its impact on reported net income is disclosed in note 
4.1 as foreign exchange unwinding. 

The  Group  is  exposed  to  currency  risk  in  its  operating  currencies  whose  values  have  noticeably 
fluctuated against the United States dollar (USD).   

The exposure to currency risk may result in three types of risk, namely: 

(cid:1) 

Currency risk relating to the future cash flows of monetary balances 

This occurs when a monetary balance is denominated in a currency other than the functional currency 
of the reporting unit to which it belongs. In this instance, a change in currency exchange rates results 
in the monetary balances being retranslated at the date of the financial statements and the exchange 
gain or loss is taken to income (note 26). 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

(cid:1) 

Currency risk of reported results of foreign operations 

This occurs when a reporting unit’s functional currency depreciates or appreciates in value when 
retranslated  to  the  USD,  which  is  the  Group’s  presentational  currency.  In  this  instance,  the 
conversion of the reporting unit’s results at a different rate of exchange results in either less or 
more income being consolidated in the Group’s income statement.   

(cid:1) 

Currency risk of the Group’s investment in foreign operations 

This occurs when a reporting unit’s functional currency depreciates or appreciates in value when 
retranslated  to  the  USD,  which  is  the  Group’s  presentational  currency.  In  this  instance,  the 
conversion of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities at a different rate of exchange results in a 
currency  loss  or  gain  which  is  recorded  in  the  currency  translation  reserve  (note  22).  If  the 
reporting unit was disposed of, either wholly or in part, then the corresponding accumulated loss 
or gain in the currency translation reserve would be transferred to income. 

The  operating  currencies  whose  values  noticeably  fluctuate  against  the  USD  are  the  Jamaica 
dollar (JMD) and the Pound Sterling (GBP).  The theoretical impact of JMD and GBP currency 
risk on reported results and of the Group’s investment in foreign operations is considered below. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

41.4   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

(i)  JMD currency risk 

(ii)   GBP currency risk 

The effect of a 10% depreciation in the JMD relative to the USD arising from JMD reporting units as of 
December 31, 2010 and for the year then ended are considered in the following table. 

The effect of a 15% depreciation in the GBP relative to the USD arising from JMD reporting units as of 
December 31, 2010 and for the year then ended are considered in the following table. 

Amounts  denominated in 

     JMD 

     USD 

Total  
amounts 

Effect of a 10% 
depreciation 

Amounts  denominated in 

     GBP 

     USD 

Total  
amounts 

Effect of a 15% 
depreciation 

Financial position: 

Assets 

Liabilities   

Net position 

Represented by: 

836,085 

743,781 

617,299 

1,453,384 

439,942 

1,183,723 

92,304 

177,357 

269,661 

(76,008) 

(67,617) 

(8,391) 

Financial position: 

Assets 

Liabilities   

Net position 

Represented by: 

263,280 

245,147 

18,133 

226,052 

183,011 

43,041 

489,332 

428,158 

61,174 

Currency risk of the Group’s investment in foreign operations 

(8,391) 

Currency risk of the Group’s investment in foreign operations 

(34,335) 

(31,970) 

(2,365) 

(2,365) 

Income statement: 

Revenue 

Benefits 

Expenses 

Income taxes 

Net income 

Represented by: 

        271,751 

           47,760 

        319,511 

(146,583) 

(16,453) 

(163,036) 

(95,739) 

(10,121) 

(1,963) 

(616) 

(97,702) 

(10,737) 

          19,308 

          28,728 

          48,036 

    Currency risk relating to the future cash flows of monetary balances 

    Currency risk of reported results of foreign operations 

(8,904) 

13,326 

8,704 

920 

14,046 

15,801 

(1,755) 

14,046 

Income statement: 

Revenue 

Benefits 

Expenses 

        135,239 

        134,865 

         270,104 

(5,084) 

(124,266) 

(80,101) 

(204,367) 

              16,212 

(63,989) 

(44,624) 

(108,613) 

                8,348 

Income taxes 

            1,739 

                    - 

             1,739 

(227) 

Net income 

Represented by: 

(51,277) 

          10,140 

(41,137) 

                19,249 

    Currency risk relating to the future cash flows of monetary balances 

                12,559 

    Currency risk of reported results of foreign operations 

                 6,690 

                19,249  

An 8.33% appreciation in the JMD relative to the USD would have equal and opposite effects to 
those disclosed above. 

An 11.54% appreciation in the GBP relative to the USD would have equal and opposite effects to 
those disclosed above. 

156  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.5   Fair value of financial instruments 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

Financial  instruments  carried  at  fair  value  in  the  financial  statements  are  measured  in  accordance 
with a fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy is as follows: 
(a) 
(b) 

 Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. 
 Level  2  –  inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  in  Level  1  that  are  observable  for  the  instrument, 
either directly or indirectly. 
Level 3 – inputs for the instrument that are not based on observable market data. 

(c) 

A  financial  instrument  is  regarded  as  quoted  in  an  active  market  if  quoted  prices  are  readily  and 
regularly available from an exchange or other independent source, and those prices represent actual 
and  regularly  occurring  market  transactions  on  an  arm’s  length  basis.  The  Group  considers  that 
market transactions should occur with sufficient frequency that is appropriate for the particular market, 
when measured over a continuous period preceding the date of the financial statements.  If there is 
no data available to substantiate the frequency of market transactions of a financial instrument, then 
the Group does not consider the instrument to be traded in an active market.  

Certain investment portfolios of the Group which are classified as available for sale contain corporate 
and  government  debt  securities  which  are  not  quoted  and  which  have  been  valued  using  internal 
models  which  contain  inputs  that  are  not  based  on  observable  market  data.  These  assets  are 
classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. 

Included  in  the  assets  designated  at  fair  value  through  income  are  mortgage  loans  and  securities 
purchased under agreements to resell for which the full income return and capital returns accrue to 
holders  of  unit  linked  policy  and  deposit  administration  contracts.  As  these  assets  are  valued  with 
inputs other than observable market data, they are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.  

Certain of the group’s policy liabilities are unit linked, i.e. derive their value from a pool of assets which 
are carried at fair value. The Group assigns a fair value hierarchy of Level 2 to the contract liability if the 
liability represents the unadjusted fair value of the underlying pool of assets. 

The following table shows the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value by level of the 
fair value hierarchy.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  157

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.   FINANCIAL RISK (continued)  

41.5   Fair value of financial instruments (continued)  

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

2009 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Available for sale securities: 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Financial assets designated at fair value: 

Debt securities 

Equity securities 

Mortgage loans 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell 

Derivative financial assets: 

Equity indexed options 

Interest rate swap 

Foreign currency put option, currency forward and 
collar option 

377,490 

57,770 

435,260 

14,699 

15,548 

- 

- 

1,323,030 

22,038 

1,345,068 

79,283 

3,969 

- 

- 

30,247 

83,252 

- 

- 

- 

- 

521 

- 

368 

889 

42,315 

7,905 

50,220 

2,351 

4,322 

46,876 

2,982 

56,531 

8,675 

2,506 

- 

1,742,835 

87,713 

1,830,548 

96,333 

23,839 

46,876 

2,982 

367,245 

64,554 

431,799 

2,179 

10,628 

- 

- 

1,006,847 

27,219 

1,034,066 

66,462 

1,580 

- 

- 

170,030 

12,807 

68,042 

9,196 

2,506 

368 

11,181 

12,070 

- 

- 

- 

- 

817 

- 

80 

897 

84,673 

8,015 

92,688 

2,673 

4,850 

48,180 

10,020 

65,723 

2,365 

843 

- 

3,208 

1,458,765 

99,788 

1,558,553 

71,314 

17,058 

48,180 

10,020 

146,572 

3,182 

843 

80 

4,105 

Total assets 

465,507 

1,429,209 

117,932 

2,012,648 

Total assets by percentage 

23% 

71% 

6% 

100% 

444,606 

1,103,005 

161,619 

1,709,230 

26% 

65% 

9% 

100% 

There have been no material transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2010 and 2009. 

158  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  41.   FINANCIAL RISK (continued)  

41.5   Fair value of financial instruments (continued) 

Policy liabilities: 

Unit linked deposit administration liabilities  

Non-derivative financial liabilities: 

Structured products 

Derivative financial liabilities: 

Exchange traded funds 

Equity indexed options 

Total liabilities 

Total liabilities by percentage 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

2009 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

- 

- 

1,328 

- 

1,328 

1,328 

1% 

83,847 

- 

83,847 

- 

- 

521 

521 

84,368 

93% 

5,655 

5,655 

- 

- 

- 

5,655 

6% 

1,328 

521 

1,849 

91,351 

100% 

- 

- 

1,431 

- 

1,431 

1,431 

2% 

76,587 

- 

76,587 

- 

- 

817 

817 

77,404 

92% 

5,299 

5,299 

- 

- 

- 

5,299 

6% 

1,431 

817 

2,248 

84,134 

100% 

There have been no material transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2010 and 2009. 

For Level 3 instruments, reasonable changes in inputs which could be applied to the valuation of available for sale instruments would affect other comprehensive income.  Level 3 available for sale securities comprise 
primarily of corporate and government agency debt instruments issued in the Caribbean, with significant amounts in Jamaica and Trinidad. The fair values of these instruments have been derived from 
December 31 market yields of government instruments of similar durations in the country of issue of the instruments. 

Reasonable changes in inputs which could be applied to the valuations of assets designated at fair value are largely offset in income, since the changes in fair value are borne by contract holders. 

The following tables present the movements in Level 3 instruments for the year. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  159

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

41.   FINANCIAL RISK (continued)  

41.5   Fair value of financial instruments (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

2010 

Available  
for sale 
assets 

Assets 
designated  
at fair value 

Derivative 
assets 

Total 
assets 

2009 

Total 
assets 

2010 

2009 

Non- 
derivative  
liabilities 

Total 
liabilities 

Total 
liabilities 

Balance, beginning of year 

         92,688 

         65,723 

           3,208 

       161,619 

      165,201 

           5,299 

            5,299 

Additions 

Issues   

           5,015 

           7,480 

           4,362 

         16,857 

        31,055 

              390 

               390 

                   - 

                   - 

                  - 

                   - 

                 - 

                48 

                 48 

  552 

          13,604 

                 - 

Transfers into Levels 3  

                95 

                   - 

                  - 

                95 

          8,706 

                   - 

                   - 

Fair value changes recorded in income 

(101) 

           1,493 

           2,359 

           3,751 

          3,685 

                   - 

                   - 

Fair value changes recorded in other 
comprehensive income 

              690 

                   - 

           1,516 

           2,206 

          1,849 

                   - 

                   - 

-

-  

-

Disposals and divestitures 

(34,715) 

(18,705) 

(264) 

(53,684) 

(39,917) 

                   - 

                   - 

                  - 

Settlements 

                  - 

                  - 

                  - 

                   - 

                  -  

(77) 

(77) 

(10,009) 

Transfers from Level 3 

(15,507) 

                  - 

                  - 

(15,507) 

                  - 

                   - 

                   - 

                  - 

Effect of exchange rate changes 

           2,055 

              540 

                  - 

           2,595 

         (8,960) 

Balance, end of year 

         50,220 

         56,531 

         11,181 

       117,932 

       161,619 

(5) 

5,655 

(5) 

           1,152 

5,655 

           5,299 

Fair value changes recorded in income 
for instruments held at end of year 

- 

1,432 

 2,223 

3,655 

- 

                   - 

                   - 

                 - 

The carrying values of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities carried at amortised cost approximate their fair value, except as disclosed in notes 9, 15, 16 and 17. 

The Group is exposed to other price risk arising from changes in equity prices. The group mitigates this risk by holding a diversified portfolio and by minimising the use of equity securities to back its insurance 
and financial liabilities. 

160  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
 
           
 
 
 
 
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.5   Fair value of financial instruments (continued)  

41.6   Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities (continued) 

 (a) Sensitivity 

The  sensitivity  to  fair  value  changes  in  equity  securities  arises  from  those  instruments  classified  as 
available for sale. There is no significant sensitivity to those instruments classified at fair value through 
income, since fair value changes are borne by policy contract holders. 

The  effects  of  an  across  the  board  20%  change  in  equity  prices  of  the  Group’s  available  for  sale 
equity securities as of December 31, 2010 on total comprehensive income before tax (TCIBT) are as 
follows. 

Available for sale equities 

Carrying value 

Effect of a  
20% change  
on TCIBT 

Listed on Caribbean stock exchanges and markets  

Listed on US stock exchanges and markets 

Listed on other exchanges and markets 

28,433 

47,657 

11,623 

87,713 

5,687 

9,531 

2,325 

17,543 

(cid:1)

41.6   Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities 

Derivatives are carried at fair value and presented in the financial statements as separate assets and 
liabilities. Asset values represent the cost to the Group of replacing all transactions with a fair value in 
the  Group’s  favour  assuming  that  all  relevant  counterparties  default  at  the  same  time,  and  that 
transactions  can  be  replaced  instantaneously.    Liability  values  represent  the  cost  to  the  Group 
counterparties of replacing all their transactions with the Group with a fair value in their favour if the 
Group were to default.   

Derivative assets and liabilities on different transactions are only set off if the transactions are with the 
same counterparty, a legal right of set-off exists and the cash flows are intended to be settled on a net 
basis.  The fair values are set out below. 

2010 

2009 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

70 

- 

- 

298 

9,196 

2,506 

12,070 

- 

12,070 

- 

1,328 

- 

- 

521 

- 

1,849 

- 

1,849 

- 

- 

80 

- 

3,182 

- 

3,262 

843 

4,105 

- 

1,431 

- 

- 

817 

- 

2,248 

- 

2,248 

Derivatives held for trading: 

Currency forward 

Exchange traded funds  
– short sale 

Foreign currency put option 

Foreign exchange collar option 

Equity indexed options 

Interest rate swap 

Derivatives designated as cash 
flow hedges: 

Interest rate swap 

(i)  Currency forward 

Currency  forwards  represent  commitments  to  buy  and  sell  foreign  currencies  on  a  gross  basis  at 
future  dates  at  specified  prices.    The  credit  risk  is  evaluated  for  each  contract  and  is  collateralised 
where deemed necessary.  The currency forward contracts are settled on a net basis. The contract 
expires in January 2011.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  161

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.    FINANCIAL RISK (continued) 

41.6   Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities (continued) 

41.6   Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities (continued) 

(ii)  Exchange traded funds – short sale 

During 2009, the Group entered into transactions to sell euro currencies that were borrowed from a 
broker. The Group benefits if there is a decline in the asset price between the sale and the repurchase 
date. The contract expires in January 2011. 

(ii)  Foreign currency put option 

Foreign currency put options are contractual agreements under which the seller grants the purchaser the 
right  but  not  the  obligation  to  sell  at  a  set  date,  a  specified  amount  of  a  foreign  currency  at  a 
predetermined  price.    The  seller  receives  a  premium  from  the  purchaser  in  consideration  for  the 
assumption of foreign exchange risk.  

 (iii)  Foreign exchange collar option 

 During  the  year  the  Group  entered  a  collar  to  sell  a  call  option  and  buy  a  put  option;  the  notional 
amount was £963,000 and will be settled on a net basis. The contract expires on various settlement 
dates ending in December 2012.  

(iv)  Equity indexed options 

The Group has purchased equity indexed options in respect of structured products and in respect of 
life and annuity insurance contracts. 

For  certain  structured  product  contracts  with  customers  (note  17),  equity  indexed  options  give  the 
holder the ability to participate in the upward movement of an equity index while being protected from 
downward risk.  The Group is exposed to credit risk on purchased options only, and only to the extent 
of the carrying amount, which is their fair value. 

For certain universal life and annuity insurance contracts, the Group has purchased custom options 
that are selected to materially replicate the policy benefits that are associated with the equity indexed 
components within the policy contract. These options are appropriate to reduce or minimise the risk of 
movements in specific equity markets. Credit risk that the Group has regarding the options is mitigated 
by  ensuring  that  the  counterparty  is  sufficiently  capitalised.    Both  the  asset  and  the  associated 
actuarial liability are valued at fair market value on a consistent basis, with the change in 
values  being  reflected  in  the  income  statement.   The  valuations  combine  external  valuations  with 
internal calculations. 

(v)  Cash flow hedge – interest rate swap 

The cash flow hedge is used to protect against exposures to variability in future interest cash flow of a 
floating rate available-for-sale financial instrument. 

The  notional  principal  amount  of  the  outstanding  interest  rate  swap  contract  is  $20,000.    The  fixed 
interest  rate  is  10.2%  and  the  floating  rate  is  USD-LIBOR-BBA.    The  amounts  and  timing  of  future 
cash flows, representing both principal and interest flows are based on their contractual terms.  The 
critical terms of the interest rate swap had been negotiated to match the terms of available-for-sale 
financial  instrument.    Both  the  interest  rate  swap  and  the  floating  rate  available-for-sale  financial 
instrument mature in 2015.  The interest rate swap is settled on a net basis. 

During the year, the Group discontinued hedge accounting as the hedge relationship was no longer 
effective  arising  from  the  Jamaica  Debt  Exchange  programme.  Hedge  accounting  was  therefore 
ceased from January 1, 2010. Consequently, effective January 1, 2010, changes in fair value of the 
interest rate swap are now recognised in revenue in the statement of income. The amount recognised 
in  the  current  year  is  $1,063,  net  of  deferred  tax.  The  hedge  accounting  gains  and  losses  up  to 
December 31, 2009 will be transferred to the statement of income as interest income is recognised on 
the floating rate financial instrument. 

162  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

42.    INSURANCE RISK    

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

From  an  insurance  risk  perspective,  the  Group’s  insurance  business  can  be  summarised  into  three 
categories, which are discussed below. 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

(b) 

Claims risk 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks  

(a) 

Pricing risk 

Pricing risk is the risk that insurance contracts are priced too low for the insurance risk assumed. 

In determining the pricing of an insurance contract, the insurer considers the nature and amount of the 
risk  assumed,  and  recent  experience  and  industry  statistics  of  the  benefits  payable.    This  is  the 
process  of  underwriting,  which  establishes  appropriate  pricing  guidelines,  and  may  include  specific 
tests and enquiries which determine the insurer’s assessment of the risk. Insurers may also establish 
deductibles, exclusions, and coverage limits which will limit the potential losses incurred. The pricing 
of  a  contract  therefore  consists  of  establishing  appropriate  premium  rates,  deductibles  and  event 
limits.  

Pricing inadequacy risk may arise either from the use of inadequate experience and statistical data in 
deriving pricing factors or from market softening conditions.    

Insurance losses are triggered by an event.  Insurance losses may be categorised as: 

(cid:1) 

   attritional losses, which are expected to be of reasonable frequency and are less than a 

pre-determined amount; 

(cid:1)      large  losses,  which  are  expected  to  be  relatively  infrequent  and  more  than  a  pre-

determined amount; 

(cid:1) 

catastrophic  losses,  which  are  an  aggregation  of  losses  arising  from  one  incident  or 
proximate  cause,  affecting  one  or  a  number  of  insurance  classes.  These  losses  are 
infrequent and are generally very substantial. 

The insurer records claims based on submissions made by claimants. In certain instances, the insurer 
obtains  additional  information  from  loss  adjustors,  medical  reports  and  other  specialist  sources.  
However, the possibility exists that claim submissions are either fraudulent or are not covered under 
the terms of the policy. The initial claim recorded may only be an estimate, which has to be refined 
over time until final settlement occurs. During the period to final settlement, the insurer has to record 
these estimates as outstanding liabilities.  

A  proportion  of  risks  assumed  are  written  by  third  parties  under  delegated  underwriting  authorities. 
The third parties are assessed in advance and are subject to authority limits and reporting procedures. 
The performance of contracts written by each delegated authority is monitored periodically.  

In addition, experience and industry statistics indicate  that at any particular date, there are incurred 
but not reported (IBNR) claims. Statistical and actuarial techniques are used to estimate IBNR claim 
liabilities at each date of the financial statements.  

Claims risk is the risk that incurred claims may exceed expected losses. Claims risk may arise from 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

invalid claim submissions; 

the frequency of incurred claims; 

the severity of incurred claims; 

the development of incurred claims.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  163

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

 (c)   Concentration of insurance risk 

Insurance risk may be concentrated in geographic locations, altering the risk profile of the insurer. The 
most  significant  exposure  for  this  type  of  risk  arises  where  a  single  event  could  result  in  a  large 
number  of  claims.    The  concentration  of  insurance  risk  is  illustrated  by  the  distribution  of  premium 
revenue by geographical location of the risk. 

2010 Premium revenue by  
geographical location 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net  

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad & Tobago 

Other Caribbean 

United Kingdom 

USA 

Rest of the world & worldwide 

Total 

22,197 

567 

28,563 

12,094 

124,495 

108,280 

158,006 

454,202 

17,315 

138 

19,412 

6,761 

14,295 

19,827 

26,236 

103,984 

4,882 

429 

9,151 

5,333 

110,200 

88,453 

131,770 

350,218 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 
(cid:1)
Realistic  disaster  scenarios  modelled  for  2010  resulted  in  estimated  losses  in  the  originating 
currencies.  Four scenarios are listed below. 

Scenario: 

Gross loss  

Net loss 

in  offshore  energy 

A  $112,500,000  industry  loss  from  a  Gulf  of  Mexico  hurricane 
loss  of  approximately 
resulting 
losses  of  $107,000,000 
$5,500,000  and  mainland  property 
including the consideration of demand surge and storm surge. 

insured 

North  East  Windstorm:  A  $78,000,000  industry  loss,  for  a  major 
hurricane  making  landfall  in  New  York  State,  with  damage  also 
occurring in neighbouring states. 

California Quake - San Francisco. A $78,000,000 industry property 
(shake and fire following) loss, including consideration of demand 
surge, from an earthquake originating from the San Andreas Fault 
(North) near San Francisco. 

62,684 

14,684 

72,373 

16,524 

75,118 

16,316 

Hurricane  affecting  Barbados  and  St.  Lucia  having  a  100  year 
return period. 

220,053 

5,000 

(d)   Reinsurance risk 

Concentration  of  risk  is  mitigated  through  risk  selection,  event  limits,  quota  share  reinsurance  and 
excess of loss reinsurance.  

The Group assesses its exposures by modelling realistic disaster scenarios of potential catastrophic 
events. Claims arising from wind storms, earthquakes, floods, terrorism, failure or collapse of a major 
corporation  (with  liability  insurance  cover)  and  events  triggering  multi  coverage  corporate  liability 
claims are considered to be the potential sources of catastrophic losses arising from insurance risks.  

To limit its exposure of potential loss on an insurance policy, the insurer may cede certain levels of 
risk to a reinsurer. Reinsurance however does not discharge the insurer’s liability.  Reinsurance risk is 
the risk that reinsurance is not available to mitigate the potential loss on an insurance policy. The risk 
may arise from 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

the credit risk of a reinsurer;  

the unavailability of reinsurance cover in the market at adequate levels or prices; 

the failure of a reinsurance layer upon the occurrence of a catastrophic event. 

164  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

The  Group  selects  reinsurers  which  have  well  established  capability  to  meet  their  contractual 
obligations  and  which  generally  have  high  credit  ratings.  The  credit  ratings  of  reinsurers  are 
monitored. Insurers also place reinsurance coverage with various reinsurers to limit their exposure to 
any one reinsurer.  

For its property risks, insurers use quota share and excess of loss catastrophe reinsurance treaties to 
obtain  reinsurance  cover.  Catastrophe  reinsurance  is  obtained  for  multiple  claims  arising  from  one 
event or occurring within a specified time period. However, treaty limits may apply and may expose 
the insurer to further claim exposure. Under some treaties, when treaty limits are reached, the insurer 
may be required to pay an additional premium to reinstate the reinsurance coverage. Excess of loss 
catastrophe reinsurance treaties typically cover up to four separate catastrophic events per year.   

Caribbean operations 

Retention by insurers - currency amounts in thousands 

Property risks 

Motor and liability risks 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $3,750 for a single event; 
(cid:1)  maximum retention of $5,000 for a catastrophic event; 
(cid:1) 

quota share retention to maximum of 25% in respect of treaty 
limits; 
quota share retention is further reduced to a maximum of $500 
per event. 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $500 for a single event;  
(cid:1) 

quota share retention a maximum of 50% in respect of treaty 
limits 
treaty limits apply. 

For  other  insurance  risks,  insurers  limit  their  exposure  by  event  or  per  person  by  excess  of  loss  or 
quota share treaties.  

(cid:1) 

Retention limits represent the level of risk retained by the insurer. Coverage in excess of these limits is 
ceded to reinsurers up to the treaty limit. Claim amounts in excess of reinsurance treaty limits revert to 
the insurer. Principal features of retention programs used in the Group’s Caribbean and UK operations 
are  summarised  in  the  tables  below.  However,  these  arrangements  are  not  exhaustive  and  do  not 
represent  a  complete  schedule  of  all  reinsurance  arrangements  for  each  line  of  insurance  business 
written. 

Miscellaneous accident risks 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $75 for a single event; treaty limits apply. 

Engineering business risks 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $250 for a single event; 
(cid:1) 

treaty limits apply. 

Property, motor, and 
engineering risks 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

catastrophic excess of loss reinsurance cover is available per 
event for amounts in excess of treaty limits;  
treaty limits apply to catastrophic excess of loss coverage. 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  165

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

42.1   Property and casualty insurance risks (continued) 

UK operations  
-  underwriting year 2010 

Direct property risks  

Personal accident risks  

Retention by insurers - currency amounts in thousands 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $2,500  per risk; 
(cid:1)  maximum retention of $15,000 for 1st loss, $5,000 for 2nd loss, 

$5,000 for 3rd loss, for catastrophe exposed events;   
treaty and aggregate limits apply. 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of $3,000 per risk; 
(cid:1)  maximum retention of $3,000 per event; 
(cid:1)  maximum retention of $2,000 per person 
(cid:1)  maximum retention of £300 per travel and medical risk; 
(cid:1) 

treaty limits apply 

(e)   Credit risk – reinsurance exposures  

As set out in note 41.1, the Group has an internal credit rating scale for its reinsurance exposures. In 
order  to  assess  the  potential  reinsurance  recoveries  on  the  occurrence  of  a  catastrophic  insurance 
event, these exposures are assessed using the following realistic disaster scenarios:  

(cid:1)  North East Windstorm: A $78,000,000 industry loss, for a major hurricane making landfall in 

New York State, with damage also occurring in neighbouring states; 

(cid:1)  Hurricane with a 250 year return period affecting Barbados and St. Lucia and an earthquake 

with a 250 year return period affecting Trinidad within a 24 hour period. 

The reinsurance recoveries derived from the above are assigned internal credit ratings as follows: 

lines  (liability)  and 

Special 
liability 

International treaty property  

Direct motor  

(cid:1)  maximum retention of £5,000 per event; 
(cid:1) 

treaty limits apply. 

(cid:1)  maximum retention of £5,000 per event; 
(cid:1) 

treaty limits apply. 

(cid:1) 
70% quota share retention per event 
(cid:1)  maximum retention - £500 per event; 
(cid:1) 

treaty limits apply 

The  effects  of  reinsurance  ceded  are  disclosed  in  notes  14,  24  and  27.  Information  on  reinsurance 
balances are disclosed in notes 10, 20 and 41.  

Sagicor  
Risk  
Rating 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Category 

Investment  
grade 

Non- investment  
grade 

Watch 

t
l

u
a

f

e
d
-
n
o
N

(cid:1)

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

166  Sagicor Financial Corporation

Classification 

Minimal risk 

Low risk 

Moderate risk 

Average risk 

Higher risk 

TOTAL 

Exposure 
         $000 

Exposure % 

275,055 

553,755 

- 

- 

- 

32 

65 

- 

3 

- 

- 

856,834 

100 

Acceptable risk 

28,024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

   42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.2   Term life, health and critical illness insurance risks 

42.2   Term life, health and critical illness insurance risks (continued) 

(a) 

Pricing risk 

Pricing risk is the risk that insurance contracts are priced too low for the insurance risk assumed. 

In determining the pricing of an insurance contract, the insurer considers the nature and amount of the 
risk  assumed,  and  recent  experience  and  industry  statistics  of  the  benefits  payable.    This  is  the 
process  of  underwriting,  which  establishes  appropriate  pricing  guidelines,  and  may  include  specific 
medical tests and enquiries which determine the insurer’s assessment of the risk. Insurers may also 
establish deductibles and coverage limits for health risks which will limit the potential claims incurred. 
Term  life  and  critical  illness  risks  have  limitations  of  insured  amounts.  The  pricing  of  a  contract 
therefore consists of establishing appropriate premium rates, deductibles and coverage limits. 

Pricing inadequacy risk may arise either from the use of inadequate experience and statistical data in 
deriving pricing factors or from market softening conditions.    

(b) 

Mortality risk and morbidity 

Mortality  risk  is  the  risk  that  worsening  mortality  rates  will  result  in  an  increase  of  death  claims. 
Morbidity is the incidence of disease or illness. 

Insurance claims are triggered by the incurral of a medical claim, the diagnosis of a critical illness or 
by death of the person insured.  

For  contracts  providing  death  benefits,  higher  mortality  rates  would  result  in  an  increase  in  death 
claims.  The  Group  annually  reviews  its  mortality  experience  and  compares  it  to  industry  mortality 
tables. This review(cid:1)may result in future adjustments to the pricing or re-pricing of these contracts.  
(cid:1)
The cost of health related claims depends on the incidence of beneficiaries becoming ill, the duration 
of their illness, and the cost of providing medical services. An increase in any of these three factors 
will  result  in  increased  health  insurance  claims.  In  such  circumstances,  the  insurer  may  adjust  the(cid:1)
pricing or re-pricing of these contracts.  

Critical illness claims arise from the diagnosis of a specific illness in a policy beneficiary. The Group 
annually reviews its critical illness claim experience and compares it to industry statistics. This review 
may result in future adjustments to the pricing or re-pricing of these contracts.  

42.3    Life and annuity insurance risks (with investment returns) 

Life  and  annuity  insurance  risk  of  contracts  with  investment  returns  arise  from  long-term  contracts 
which in most instances have durations greater than 5 years.   Under the contract, the policyholder is 
required  to  pay  either  a  single  premium  at  the  contract  inception,  or  periodic  premiums  over  the 
duration of the policy contract. From the premium(s) received, acquisition expenses and maintenance 
expenses  are  financed.  Investment  returns  are  credited  to  the  policy  and  are  available  to  fund 
surrender, withdrawal and maturity policy benefits.  The principal risks associated with these policies 
are: 

(cid:1)  Mortality risk   

(cid:1)  Lapse risk 

(cid:1)  Expense risk 

(cid:1)  Financial risk 

(a) 

Mortality risk 

Mortality risk is the risk that worsening mortality rates will result in an increase of death claims and that 
improving mortality rates will lengthen the payout period of annuities.  

(b) 

Lapse risk 

Lapse  risk  is  that,  on  average,  policyholders  will  terminate  their  policies  ahead  of  the  insurer’s 
expectation. Early lapse may result in the following: 

(cid:1)  Acquisition costs are not recovered from the policyholder; 
(cid:1) 

In  order  to  settle  benefits,  investments  are  liquidated  prematurely  resulting  in  a  loss  to  the 
insurer; 

(cid:1)  Maintenance  expenses  are  allocated  to  the  remaining  policies,  resulting  in  an  increase  in 

expense risk. 

(cid:1)

Sagicor Financial Corporation  167

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

42.3    Life and annuity insurance risks (with investment returns) (continued) 

42.4   Concentration risk   (life, annuity and health insurance) (continued) 

(c) 

Expense risk 

The Group has significant inforce policies in which it either does not have the ability or has limited 
ability to re-price the contract for an increase in expenses caused by inflation or other factors. This 
means  that  planned  growth  in  the  Group’s  policy  maintenance  expenses  has  to  be  funded  by 
increasing  the  volume  of  inforce  policies  and/or  by  productivity  gains.  Failure  to  achieve  this  will 
result in an increase in actuarial liabilities. 

(d) 

Financial risk 

In addition to the risks outlined in note 41, for inforce long-term contracts the Group has adopted a 
policy  of  investing  in  assets  with  cash  flow  characteristics  that  closely  match  the  cash  flow 
characteristics  of  its  policy  liabilities.    The  primary  purpose  of  this  matching  is  to  ensure  that  cash 
flows from these assets are synchronised with the timing and the amounts of payments that must be 
paid  to  policyholders.    Mis-matches  in  asset  and  liability  cash  flows  generally  have  the  effect  of 
increasing financial risk which will result in an increase in actuarial liabilities. 

42.4   Concentration risk   (life, annuity and health insurance) 

Total  insurance  coverage  on  insurance  policies  quantifies  some  of  the  risk  exposures.  Typically, 
claims arising in any one year are a very small proportion in relation to the total insurance coverage 
provided.  The total amounts insured by the Group at December 31, gross and net of reinsurance, are 
summarised below. 

Gross amount  insured 

Net amount insured 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

Contracts issued to individuals 
 – life insurance 

Contracts issued to groups 
 – life insurance 

19,480,346 

17,767,943 

15,853,511 

14,417,374 

10,470,005 

8,288,414 

7,804,779 

6,539,084 

For health insurance, the concentration of insurance risk is illustrated by the distribution of premium 
revenue by the location of the insured persons. 

(a) 

 Mortality and morbidity risk 

2010 Premium revenue by location of insureds  

Gross 

Ceded 

Net  

Mortality and morbidity risk may be concentrated in geographic locations, altering the risk profile of 
the  insurer.  The  most  significant  exposure  for  this  type  of  risk  arises  where  a  single  event  could 
result in a large number of claims. 

Many  beneficiaries  of  life  insurance  policies  issued  by  the  Group  (the  insured  population)  are 
resident  in  certain  countries  within  the  Caribbean.  It  is  estimated  that  the  insured  populations  in 
Antigua,  Barbados,  Cayman  Islands,  Jamaica,  Netherlands  Antilles,  St  Lucia  and  Trinidad  and 
Tobago represent respectively over 5% of the population of each.  

Barbados 

Jamaica 

Trinidad & Tobago 

Other Caribbean 

USA 

Total 

19,083 

70,938 

16,178 

26,259 

290 

1,076 

1,412 

634 

1,019 

215 

18,007 

69,526 

15,544 

25,240 

75 

132,748 

4,356 

128,392 

168  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

42.    INSURANCE RISK (continued) 

43.   SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES  

42.5   Reinsurance risk (life, annuity and health insurance) 

To limit its exposure of potential loss on an insurance policy, the insurer may cede certain levels of 
risk to a reinsurer. The Group selects reinsurers which have well established capability to meet their 
contractual obligations and which generally have high credit ratings. The credit ratings of reinsurers 
are monitored. Reinsurance ceded does not discharge the insurer’s liability and failure by a reinsurer 
to honour its commitments could result in losses to the Group.   

For life, annuity and health insurance risks, insurers limit their exposure per person by excess of loss 
or quota share treaties.  

Retention limits represent the level of risk retained by the insurer. Coverage in excess of these limits is 
ceded to reinsurers up to the treaty limit. The principal features of retention programs used by insurers 
are summarised in the tables below:  

Type of insurance contract 

Retention by insurers  
- currency amounts in thousands  

Health insurance contracts with individuals   Retention per individual to a maximum of $75   

Health insurance contracts with groups 

Retention per individual to a maximum of $75 

Life insurance contracts with individuals 

Retention per individual life to a maximum of $783 

Life insurance contracts with groups 

Retention per individual life to a maximum of $783 

Actuarial  liabilities  comprise  73%  of  total  insurance  liabilities  (2009  –  76%).  The  determination  of 
actuarial liabilities is sensitive to a number of assumptions, and changes in those assumptions could 
have a significant effect on the valuation results. These factors are discussed below. 

43.1   Sensitivity arising from the valuation of life insurance and annuity contracts  

The valuation of actuarial liabilities of life insurance and annuity contracts is sensitive to: 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

the economic scenario used in CALM, 
the investments allocated to back the liabilities, 
the underlying assumptions used, and 
the margins for adverse deviations. 

Under  the  CALM  methodology,  the  AA  is  required  to  test  the  actuarial  liability  under  9  economic 
scenarios.  These  tests  have  been  done  and  the  results  of  the  valuation  provide  adequately  for 
liabilities derived from the worst of these different scenarios. 

 The  assumption  for  future  investment  yields  has  a  significant  impact  on  actuarial  liabilities.  The 
different scenarios tested under CALM reflect the impact of different yields.  

The  other  assumptions  which  are  most  sensitive  in  determining  the  actuarial  liabilities  of  the  Group 
are: 

Operating expenses and taxes 
Lapse 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 
(cid:1)  Mortality and morbidity 

Life insurance and annuity blocks of 
contracts 

0% to 37.5% retention on policy liabilities 

The scenarios developed and tested by insurers were as follows. 

The  effects  of  reinsurance  ceded  are  disclosed  in  the  notes  13,  14,  24  and  27.  Information  on 
reinsurance balances are disclosed in notes 10, 20 and 41.  

(cid:1)

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  169

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

43.   SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

43.   SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

43.1    Sensitivity arising from the valuation of life insurance and annuity contracts (continued) 

43.1    Sensitivity arising from the valuation of life insurance and annuity contracts (continued) 

Sensitivity 

Scenario 

Sagicor Life Inc 
segment 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 
segment 

Sagicor USA segment 

Lapse  rates  were  either 
doubled or halved, and the 
more  adverse  result  was 
selected. 

For  business  which  produces  higher  valuation 
reserves with an increase in lapse rates, the scenario 
lapse  rates  were  doubled.  For  business  which 
produces higher valuation reserves with a decrease in 
lapse rates, the scenario lapse rates were halved.   

Assumed  increases  in  the 
investment  portfolio  yield 
rates of 0.25% per year for 
5 years. 

increases 

in 
Assumed 
the 
investment  portfolio 
yield rates of 0.5% for 10 
years. 

A  1%  flat  increase  was 
applied  to  the  statutory 
and pricing interest rate. 

Assumed  decreases 
in 
investment  portfolio  yield 
rates of 0.25% per year for 
5 years. 

Assumed  decreases 
in 
investment portfolio yield 
rates  of  0.5%  per  year 
for 10 years. 

Mortality  and  morbidity  rates  for  insurance  and  critical 
illness products were increased by 3% of the base rate 
per year for 5 years. 
For  annuity  products, 
decreased by 3% of the base rate for 5 years. 

the  mortality 

rates  were 

A  1%  flat  decrease  was 
applied  to  the  statutory 
and pricing interest rate. 

life 

For 
insurance 
products  only,  the  base 
assumed 
rates  were 
increased  annually  by 
3% cumulatively over the 
next five years. 

Worsening 
rate of lapse 

High interest 
rate 

Low interest 
rate  

Worsening  
mortality and 
morbidity 

Higher 
expenses 

Policy unit maintenance expense rates were increased 
by  5%  for  5  years  above  those  reflected  in  the  base 
scenario. 

170  Sagicor Financial Corporation

was 

The  assumed 
rate 
annually 
cumulatively  over 
next five years. 

inflation 
increased 
5% 
the 

by 

The following table represents the estimated sensitivity of each of the above scenarios to net actuarial 
liabilities for insurers by segment. Correlations that may exist between scenario assumptions were not 
explicitly taken into account.   

Sagicor Life Inc 
segment 

Sagicor Life Jamaica 
segment 

Sagicor USA 
segment 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

2010 

2009 

 759,399 

730,013 

347,449 

300,801 

454,397 

367,048 

change in liability 

change in liability 

change in liability 

  64,978 

  62,576 

  37,183 

32,783 

  19,022 

 15,366 

Base net actuarial  
liability - $000 

Scenario 

Worsening rate  
of lapse  

High interest rate  

(62,479) 

(45,587) 

(57,884) 

(54,373) 

(27,401) 

(22,134) 

Low interest rate 

106,512 

  66,075 

    93,590 

  62,269 

  31,559 

 25,493 

Worsening mortality /  
morbidity 

  24,830 

  19,714 

    24,229 

  20,480 

    8,795 

   7,104 

Higher expenses 

  30,509 

  28,673 

   19,967 

  16,641 

    1,166 

      942 

. 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  43.   SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ACTUARIAL LIABILITIES (continued) 

44.   ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CLAIM LIABILITIES 

43.2    Dynamic capital adequacy testing (DCAT) 

44.1   Development of claim liabilities 

DCAT is a technique used by the Group to assess the adequacy of the insurer’s financial position and 
financial  condition  in  the  light  of  different  future  economic  and  policy  experience  scenarios.  DCAT 
assesses the impact over the next 5 years on the insurer’s financial position and financial condition(cid:1)
under specific scenarios.(cid:1)(cid:1)

The development of an insurer’s claims in the course of settlement provides a measure of its ability to 
estimate  the  ultimate  value  of  claims  incurred.    In  the  following  tables,  estimates  of  total  ultimate 
claims incurred and recoverable from reinsurers for each year are provided at successive year ends. 
The most recent estimate is then reconciled to the recognised liability. 

For Caribbean operations, the disclosures are by accident year.  Accident year is the financial period 
in which the claim is incurred. 

(cid:1)
For UK operations, the disclosures are by underwriting year.  Underwriting year is the period to which 
a policy’s annual premium has been allocated. 

The financial position of an insurer is reflected by the amounts of assets, liabilities and equity in the 
financial  statements  at  a  given  date.  The  financial  position  therefore  relies  on  the  valuation 
assumptions used for establishing the actuarial liabilities being adequate to measure future adverse 
deviations in experience. The financial position does not offer any indication of an insurer’s ability to 
execute its business plan.  

The financial condition of an insurer at a particular date is its prospective ability at that date to meet its 
future  obligations,  especially  obligations  to  policyholders,  those  to  whom  it  owes  benefits  and  to  its 
shareholders.  

The financial condition analysis examines both an insurer’s ability to execute its business plan and to 
absorb adverse experience beyond that provided for when its actuarial liabilities are established. 

The purpose of the DCAT is  

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

to  develop  an  understanding  of  the  sensitivity  of  the  total  equity  of  the  insurer  and 
future  financial  condition  to  changes  in  various  experience  factors  and  management 
policies; 
to  alert  management  to  material,  plausible  and  imminent  threats  to  the  insurer’s 
solvency;  
and to describe possible courses of action to address these threats. 

Full DCAT is conducted periodically by insurers within the Group.  

Sagicor Financial Corporation  171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  44.   ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CLAIM LIABILITIES (continued) 

44.1   Development of claim liabilities 

CARIBBEAN OPERATIONS  -  BY ACCIDENT YEAR 

Estimate of gross claims incurred as of December 31 

              9,206 

2006 

One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Most recent year 

Cumulative payments to date 

Gross liability recognised 

Liability for prior years 

Total liability 

Net favourable (unfavourable) development 

Estimate of reinsurers’ share as of December 31 

One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Most recent year 

Cumulative receipts to date 

Recoverable recognised 

Recoverable for prior years 

2007 

21,325 

16,247 

15,305 

15,237 

2008 

2009 

2010 

Total 

16,953 

              15,521 

                18,643 

             81,648 

16,256 

              15,215                

                        - 

                        - 

16,101 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                -                

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

15,237 

(14,320) 

917 

16,101 

(14,050) 

2,051 

15,215 

(11,194) 

4,021 

18,643 

             73,982 

(9,215) 

9,428 

(56,560) 

17,422 

8,658 

8,535 

8,368 

8,786 

8,786 

(7,781) 

1,005 

                       - 

                        - 

                        - 

                - 

                - 

               1,217 

                       - 

                        - 

                        - 

                - 

                - 

             18,639 

  420 

                1,266 

                   886 

                   884 

                   999 

6,088 

9,922 

6,693 

6,327 

852 

9,411 

9,540 

9,392 

6,293 

                        - 

306 

8,392 

                - 

                7,666 

11,020 

              40,011 

8,207                                - 

                        - 

                - 

                - 

                - 

                        - 

                - 

                        - 

                   975 

                        - 

                        -                                - 

                - 

                        - 

                   975 

(951) 

6,293 

(6,204) 

24 

                     89 

9,392 

(8,226) 

1,166 

8,207 

(6,060) 

2,147 

11,020 

(4,969) 

35,887 

(26,410) 

6,051 

                9,477 

                        - 

                       - 

                        - 

                - 

                - 

(235) 

9,242 

4,124 

Total recoverable from reinsurers 

                        - 

                       - 

                        - 

                - 

                - 

Net (favourable) unfavourable development 

                   291 

               3,629 

                     19 

185 

                - 

172  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  44.   ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CLAIM LIABILITIES (continued) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

44.1   Development of claim liabilities 

UK OPERATIONS  -  BY UNDERWRITING YEAR 

Estimate of gross claims incurred as of December 31 

One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Most recent year 

Cumulative payments to date 

Claims on unearned premiums 

Gross liability recognised 

Liability for prior years 

Total liability 

2006 

48,285 

36,547 

34,571 

33,610 

2007 

55,700 

57,384 

58,385 

2008 

109,814 

119,218 

2009 

193,513 

2010 

262,362 

Total 

669,674 

212,784   

                        - 

                        - 

131,771 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

58,748 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

32,931 

                        - 

                        -   

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

32,931 

(30,954) 

58,748 

(53,629) 

- 

                        - 

1,977 

5,119 

131,771 

(92,159) 

(16) 

39,596 

212,784 

(93,347) 

(10,072) 

109,365 

262,362 

(14,686) 

(140,641) 

107,035 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

Net favourable (unfavourable) development 

15,354 

(3,048) 

(21,957) 

(19,271) 

                        - 

Estimate of reinsurers’ share as of December 31 

13 

                       - 

8,114 

14,650 

One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Most recent year 

- 

94 

24 

50 

50 

Cumulative receipts to date 

                        - 

2,777 

2,043 

2,125 

(1,184) 

Recoverable from claims on unearned premiums 

                        - 

                        - 

14,634 

                        - 

                        - 

17,691 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

2,125 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        -   

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

9,869 

6,738 

17,691 

(7,164) 

(5) 

10,522 

Recoverable recognised 

Recoverable for prior years 

50 

941 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

Total recoverable from reinsurers 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

                        - 

14,634 

14,650 

              49,150 

(2,563) 

                        - 

(10,911) 

(731) 

11,340 

(4,033) 

10,617 

(4,769) 

33,470 

1,984 

35,454 

698,596 

(284,775) 

(150,729) 

263,092 

16,046 

279,138 

(28,922) 

32,646 

Net (favourable) unfavourable development 

(37) 

(2,125) 

(7,822) 

(6,520) 

                        - 

(16,504) 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  173

 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

  44.   ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CLAIM LIABILITIES (continued) 

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

44.2   Sensitivity of claim liabilities  

45.1   Capital resources (continued) 

The effect of a 5% increase in the property and casualty net claims ratio would result in a decrease in 
income before taxes of $17,511 (2009 – $12,475). 

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT  

The Group manages its capital resources according to the following objectives: 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 

(cid:1) 
(cid:1) 

To comply with capital requirements established by insurance, banking and other financial 
intermediary regulatory authorities; 
To  comply  with  internationally  recognised  capital  requirements  for  insurance,  where  local 
regulations do not meet these international standards; 
To  safeguard  its  ability  as  a  going  concern  to  continue  to  provide  benefits  and  returns  to 
policyholders, depositors, note-holders and shareholders; 
To provide adequate returns to shareholders; 
To maintain a strong capital base to support the future development of Group operations. 

(cid:1)
45.1   Capital resources 

The principal capital resources of the Group are as follows: 

Shareholders’ equity 

Minority interest 

Notes and loans payable 

Total financial statements capital resources 

   Letter of credit facilities, net of collateral assets 

Total off financial statements resources 

2010 

2009 

565,552 

168,942 

181,885 

916,379 

34,530 

34,530 

538,074 

137,503 

200,844 

876,421 

35,775 

35,775 

Total capital resources 

950,909 

912,196 

174  Sagicor Financial Corporation

The Group deploys its capital resources through its operating activities. These operating activities are 
carried  out  by  subsidiary  companies  which  are  either  insurance  entities  or  provide  other  financial 
services. The capital is deployed in such a manner as to ensure that subsidiaries have adequate and 
sufficient capital resources to carry out their activities and to meet regulatory requirements.  

The capital adequacy of the principal operating subsidiaries is discussed in the following section. 

45.2   Capital adequacy  

(cid:1)
(a)   Life insurers  

Capital  adequacy  is  managed  at  the  operating  company  level.  It  is  calculated  by  the  Appointed 
Actuary and reviewed by executive management, the audit committee and the board of directors. In 
addition, the Group seeks to maintain internal capital adequacy at levels higher than the regulatory or 
internationally  recognised  requirements.  To  assist  in  evaluating  the  current  business  and  strategy 
opportunities,  a  risk-based  capital  approach  is  a  core  measure  of  financial  performance.  The  risk-
based assessment measure which has been adopted is the Canadian Minimum Continuing Surplus 
and Capital Requirement (MCCSR) standard. The minimum standard recommended by the Canadian 
regulators  for  companies  is  an  MCCSR  of  150%.  A  number  of  jurisdictions  in  the  Caribbean  region 
have  no  internationally  recognised  capital  adequacy  requirements,  and  in  accordance  with  its 
objectives for managing capital, the Group has adopted the Canadian MCCSR standard. 

The consolidated MCCSR for the Sagicor Group as of December 31 is set out below. 

Sagicor Group 

(cid:1)

2010 

224% 

2009 

273% 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.2   Capital adequacy (continued) 

(cid:1)
(b)  Sagicor at Lloyd’s: Syndicates 1206 & 44 

45.2   Capital adequacy (continued) 

The Financial Services Authority (FSA) Lloyd’s sourcebook requires Lloyd’s syndicates to comply with 
an  Individual  Capital  Adequacy  Standards  regime.  A  key  objective  of  the  regime  is  that  syndicate 
management focuses on risk management and there is a clearly defined link between risk and capital 
setting. 

Sagicor at Lloyd’s has adopted an approach whereby risks identified as having a material effect on the 
capital requirements are documented within a risk register are shown as prime risks. It is recognised 
that this register is(cid:1)dependent on both the identification and subsequent analysis of individual risks by 
management.  The risk register is subject to regular(cid:1)review and is updated to reflect the changes in 
the syndicate’s risk profile. The risk classes comprise insurance, credit, market, liquidity, Group and(cid:1)
operational risks. 

The  Individual  Capital  Assessment  (ICA)  is  calculated  using  “stress  and  scenario”  methodology  for 
prime  risk  categories  except  for  reserving  risk  where  a  stochastic  model  is  used.    Prime  risks have 
been correlated to minimise potential aggregation of risks.  

Each year, an ICA is prepared based on a one year event horizon and capital requirements are based 
on  the  99.5%  confidence  level  over  the  next  year.  The  ICA  provides  for  all  losses  modelled  to 
ultimate.    An  overall  ICA  number  is  computed.  To  this  is  added  a  premium  and  the  resulting  total, 
known as the Funds at Lloyd’s requirement (FaL) is placed at the disposal of Lloyd’s of London. The 
FaL may consist of cash, securities or banker’s irrevocable standby letters of credit. The FaL is put 
into  effect  before  the  start  of  the  underwriting  year  and  remains  in  place  until  the  underwriting  year 
closes  and  its  profits  are  distributed  or  its  losses  are  assumed  by  the  participating  member.  An 
underwriting  year  is  normally  held  open  for  a  period  of  three  years.    The  FaL  requirements  for  the 
Syndicates at the beginning of each underwriting are as follows: 

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

FaL requirement: 

Syndicate 1206  

Syndicate 44  

Represented by: 

Banker’s letters of credit 

Deposits at Lloyd’s of London 

Reinsurance financing 

Solvency surplus 

Underwriting year 

2011 - £000 

2010 - £000 

2009 - £000 

137,241 

4,438 

141,679 

52,100 

31,622 

60,000 

- 

98,440 

4,899 

103,339 

52,100 

30,934 

18,750 

1,555 

65,000 

  2,833  

67,833 

52,100 

733 

15,000 

- 

143,722 

103,339 

67,833 

(c)  Pan Caribbean Financial Services Group 

Capital  adequacy  and  the  use  of  regulatory  capital  are  monitored  monthly  by  the  PCFS  Group 
management  employing  techniques  based  on  the  guidelines  developed  by  the  Financial  Services 
Commission (FSC), the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ), Basel II and the Risk Management and Compliance 
Unit.    The  required  information  is  filed  with  the  respective  Regulatory  Authorities  at  stipulated 
intervals.  The BOJ and the FSC require each regulated entity to:  

(cid:1) 

Hold the minimum level of regulatory capital; 

(cid:1)  Maintain a minimum ratio of total regulatory capital to the risk-weighted assets. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  175

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

  45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.2   Capital adequacy (continued) 

(cid:1)
The  risk-weighted  assets  are  measured  by  means  of  a  hierarchy  of  five  risk  weights  classified 
according to the nature of each asset and counterparty, taking into account any eligible collateral or 
guarantees.  A  similar  treatment  is  adopted  for  off  financial  statements  exposure,  with  some 
adjustments to reflect the more contingent nature of the potential losses. 

The  table  below  summarises  the  ratios  of  the  regulated  companies  within  the  PCFS  Group  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. During those two years, the individual entities within this 
Group complied with all of the externally imposed capital requirements to which they are subject. The 
regulated companies within the PCFS Group are Pan Caribbean Financial Services Limited (PCFS) 
and PanCaribbeanBank Limited (PCB). 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.3   Financial covenants (continued) 

Permitted liens are defined to be liens existing on the date of issue of the senior notes, certain liens 
which  would  arise  in  the  course  of  normal  business,  and  other  liens  as  long  as  the  aggregate 
outstanding principal amount of such secured indebtedness of the Group, taken as a whole, does not 
exceed 10% of the consolidated net tangible assets. The latter is defined in the indenture.  

As of December 31, 2010, the Group satisfied this requirement. 

(b)     Letter of credit facilities 

The financial covenants entered into by the Group on the issue of letter of credit facilities by the Bank 
of Nova Scotia are summarised below. 

PCFS 

PCB 

2010 

2009 

2010  2009 

(i)  Tangible net worth 

Actual capital base to risk weighted assets 

46% 

61% 

32% 

33% 

Required capital base to risk weighted assets 

10% 

10% 

10% 

10% 

The  Group  is  required  to  maintain  a  tangible  net  worth  greater  than  $250,000  at  all  times,  such 
covenant to be tested annually based on the consolidated audited financial statements. Tangible net 
worth is defined in the agreements to establish letter of credit facilities. 

As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Group satisfied this requirement. 

45.3   Financial covenants 

(a)  7.5% senior notes due 2016 

Under  an  indenture  entered  into  by  the  Group  on  the  issue  of  the  senior  notes  (see  note  16),  the 
Group  has  to  comply  with  a  restrictive  covenant  which  will  not  allow  the  Company  or  any  of  its 
subsidiaries to directly or indirectly, incur or permit to exist any lien to secure any indebtedness or any 
guarantee  of  indebtedness,  other  than  permitted  liens,  without  effectively  providing  that  the  senior 
notes  are  secured  equitably  and  rateably  with  (or,  if  the  obligation  to  be  secured  by  the  lien  is 
subordinated in right of payment to the senior notes, prior to) the obligations so secured for so long as 
such obligations are so secured.    

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

. 

(cid:1)

176  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.  CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (continued) 

45.3   Financial covenants (continued) 

45.3   Financial covenants (continued) 

(ii)  Interest coverage ratio 

(i)  Equity 

The Group is required to maintain an interest coverage ratio of at least 5:1 at all times, such covenant 
to be tested annually based on the consolidated audited financial statements. Interest coverage ratio 
is defined in the agreements to establish letter of credit facilities. 

The Group is required to maintain Equity of at least $575,000 at all times. 

As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Group satisfied this requirement. 

For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Group’s interest coverage ratio was 5.6:1 and 
7.6:1 respectively. 

(iii)  Financial strength 

Under the agreements to establish the letter of credit facilities, Sagicor Life Inc is required to maintain 
minimum  financial  strength  ratings  of  BBB-  from  Standard  &  Poor’s  and  of  B+  from  A.M.  Best.  A 
further  requirement  is  that  a  material  adverse  change  in  the  financial  condition  of  Sagicor  Life  Inc 
should not occur.       

As of December 31, 2010 and up to the date of issue of these financial(cid:1)statements, Sagicor Life Inc 
maintained the required financial strength ratings.  

(iv)  Permitted liens 

The  covenant  described  in  part  (a)  of  this  note  also  forms  a  covenant  under  the  agreements  to 
establish the letter of credit facilities. 

(c) 

  Loan from the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC)          

The  financial  covenants  entered  into  by  the  Group  on  the  receipt  in  December  2009  of  a  loan  of 
$25,000 by the Royal Bank of Canada are summarised below. 

(cid:1)

(ii)  Interest coverage ratio 

The  Group  is  required  to  maintain  an  interest  coverage  ratio  of  at  least  1.75:1  at  all  times,  such 
covenant  to  be  tested  quarterly  based  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Interest  coverage 
ratio is defined in the agreement to establish the loan. 

For the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Group’s interest coverage ratio was 1.80:1 and 
1.86:1 respectively. 

46.   STATUTORY RESTRICTIONS ON ASSETS  

Insurers  are  registered  to  conduct  insurance  business  under  legislation  in  place  in  each  relevant 
jurisdiction.  This  legislation  may  prescribe  a  number  of  requirements  with  respect  to  deposits, 
investment of funds and solvency for the protection of policyholders. In general, these requirements 
do not restrict the ability of the insurer to trade investments.  

Banking  subsidiaries  may  also  be  required  to  hold  deposits  with  Central  Banks  which  regulate  the 
conduct of banking operations. 

To satisfy the above requirements, invested assets and cash totalling $1,262,023 (2009 - $1,100,760) 
have been deposited with regulators or are held in trust to the order of regulators.  

In some countries where the Group operates, there are exchange controls or other restrictions on the 
remittance of funds out of those countries. 

Sagicor Financial Corporation  177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Year ended December 31, 2010 

Sagicor Financial Corporation 
Amounts expressed in US $000

47. 

  FIDUCIARY RISK 

48.    EVENTS AFTER DECEMBER 31, 2010 (continued) 

48.2   Insurance catastrophe events 

Since the date of these financial statements, insurance catastrophe events have occurred in the 
southern hemisphere to which the Group is exposed through its Sagicor at Lloyd’s operations. 
The events and initial estimates of claims are as follows:  

(cid:77)  Toowoomba & Brisbane floods estimated at $5,500;  
(cid:77)  Cyclone Yasi estimated at $4,700;  
(cid:77)  Christchurch Earthquake, estimated at $7,800.  

Sagicor at Lloyd’s exposure in these events is protected by reinsurance above $7,800 per event. 

In addition to the above, the recent Japan Earthquake will also have a material impact on the 2011 
results; however, it is too early to quantify the effect of this event.  

48.3    International Finance Corporation (IFC) 

In February 2011, the Company announced that it had entered into discussions with IFC for the latter to 
invest up to $100,000 in the Company, in the form of common and preference shares.  The investment 
by IFC is subject to completion of negotiations and all necessary regulatory and shareholder approvals. 

The  Group  provides  investment  management,  administration  and  corporate  trust  services  to 
investment funds and other corporate entities which involve the Group making allocation, purchase 
and  sale  decisions  in  relation  to  a  wide  range  of  investments.  These  assets  are  held  in  a  fiduciary 
capacity and are not included in these financial statements. These services give rise to fiduciary risk 
that may expose the Group to claims for mal-administration or under-performance of these funds.  

In the ordinary course of business, the Group manages assets of pension funds, mutual funds, unit 
trusts  and  other  corporate  entities  which  are  not  included  in  the  Group’s  financial  statements.  The 
investments and cash under administration are as follows: 

2010 

2009 

1,134,473 

348,593 

987,096 

327,776 

1,483,066 

1,314,872 

Pension and insurance fund assets 

Mutual fund, unit trust and other investment fund assets 

48.    EVENTS AFTER DECEMBER 31, 2010 

48.1   Joint venture 

Sagicor  Life  Jamaica  Ltd  (SLJ)  entered  into  a  joint  venture  agreement  with  an  investment  services 
company  incorporated  in  Costa  Rica  on  February  2,  2011  to  explore  insurance  business  and 
insurance  related  services  in  Central  America.  Under  the  terms  of  the  agreement  SLJ  will  provide 
technical expertise, administrative services and operating systems to support joint venture operations. 
The joint venture partner will provide marketing know-how and local support to the joint venture. The 
agreement is subject to regulatory approval in the applicable countries in Central America.  

(cid:1)
(cid:1)

178  Sagicor Financial Corporation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
All that we are is the result  
of what we have thought.

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

SHARES

The following Shareholders own more than 5% and 3% respectively of the capital of the Company as at December 31, 2010:

Name

National Insurance Board, Barbados:

Republic Bank Limited – 1162:

Number of Shares

18,950,000

10,998,300

Percentage

6.5

3.8

The total number of common shares issued in 2010 was 438,183, which were issued on July 22, 2010 as vested restricted stock under 
the Long-Term Incentive Plan for Executives (LTI). The total number of issued common shares as at December 31, 2010 was therefore 
291,341,344 (2009: 290,903,161).

The Tables below show grants of restricted stock and stock options as at December 31, 2010 under the LTI.

Year

2008

2009

2009

2010

Value - US$

2.50

2.50

1.58

1.60

Totals

Award

596,914

674,828

430,122

1,033,548

2,735,412

Less: allocated for settlement of tax

Total converted to shares

RESTRICTED STOCK GRANTS

Vested 2008

Vested 2009

Vested 2010

Forfeited

Balance

298,459

0

0

0

278,505

331,449

430,122

0

298,459

1,040,076

9,216

235,530

0

379,490

624,236

(186,053)

438,183

10,734

10,106

0

0

20,840

0

97,743

0

654,058

751,801

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

180

STOCK OPTIONS

Year

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Exercise 
Price - 
US$

Award

Awards 
Lapsed / 
Forfeited

Adjusted 
Award

Vested 
2007 - 
2009

Vested 
2010

Vested 
Awards 
Lapsed / 
Forfeited

Total 
Vested

Options 
Exercised

Options 
not 
Exercised

Adjusted 
Award Balance

1.98

2.01

2.5

2.5

1.6

932,387

(130,232)

802,155

699,291

198,705

(95,841)

802,155

(120,443)

681,712

681,712

2,049,598 (239,686)

1,809,912 1,024,800 452,480

(119,838)

1,357,442

(72,839)

1,284,603

1,737,073

1,422,949 (180,820)

1,242,129

355,737

310,534

(45,201)

621,070

1,595,496

(83,033)

1,512,463

2,169,066

0

2,169,066

0

0

378,117

0

0

0

378,117

0

0

0

0

621,070

1,242,129

378,117

1,512,463

0

2,169,066

Totals

8,169,496 (633,771)

7,535,725 2,079,828 1,339,836 (260,880) 3,158,784 (193,282) 2,965,502

7,342,443

DIVIDENDS

An interim dividend of US 2 cents per share, approved for the half-year ended June 30, 2010, was paid on October 15, 2010 to the 
holders of common shares and depositary interests whose names were registered on the books of the Company at the close of business 
on September 15, 2010. A final dividend of US 2 cents per share, payable on May 16, 2011, was approved for the financial year ended 
December 31, 2010 to the holders of common shares and depositary interests whose names were registered on the books of the Company 
at the close of business on April 20, 2011. The total dividend for the 2010 financial year amounted to US 4 cents per share.

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

181

 
 
 
 
 
ANALYSIS OF SHAREHOLDING

Number of Shareholders by Size of Holding as at December 31, 2010 (with 2009 Comparison)

Size of Holding

Number of Shareholders

Percentage of 
Shareholders

Total Shares Held

Percentage of Shares Held

1 - 1,000

1,001 - 2,500

2,501 - 5,000

5,001 - 10,000

10,001 - 25,000

25,001 - 100,000

100,001 - 1,000,000

1,000,001 - & above

2010

6,577

15,625

7,324

4,229

3,073

693

225

18

2009

6,335

15,709

7,406

4,275

3,079

690

229

17

2010

17.42

41.38

19.39

11.20

8.14

1.84

0.60

0.05

2009

16.79

41.62

19.62

11.33

8.16

1.83

0.60

0.05

2010

2009

4,014,284

3,928,961

25,962,039

26,098,842

25,430,237

25,715,179

30,231,859

31,319,508

44,284,005

44,370,941

32,351,711

32,208,066

65,236,735

65,279,966

63,830,474

61,981,698

2010

1.38

8.91

8.73

10.38

15.20

11.10

22.39

21.91

2009

1.35

8.97

8.84

10.77

15.25

11.07

22.44

21.31

Total

37,764

37,740

100.00

100.00

291,341,344 290,903,161

100.00

100.00

Number of Shareholders by Country of Residence and by Type as at December 31, 2010

Country

Directors, Management, 
Staff, Advisors

Companies

Individuals

Total

Trinidad and Tobago

Barbados

Eastern Caribbean

Other Caribbean

Other

Total

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

61

139

25

12

11

248

24.60

56.05

10.08

4.84

4.44

100.00

468

229

32

51

5

785

59.62

29.17

4.08

6.50

0.64

15,999

12,199

7,317

193

1,023

43.56

33.20

19.92

0.53

2.79

16,528

12,567

7,374

256

1,039

43.77

33.27

19.53

0.68

2.75

100.00

36,731

100.00

37,764

100.00

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

182

Number of Shareholders by Country of Residence and by Type as at December 31, 2009

Country

Directors, Management, 
Staff, Advisors

Companies

Individuals

Total

Trinidad and Tobago

Barbados

Eastern Caribbean

Other Caribbean

Other

Total

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

Shareholders

%

45

133

2

6

17

182

21.98

73.08

1.10

2.75

1.10

503

256

33

51

5

59.32

30.19

3.89

6.01

0.59

16,082

11,919

7,255

350

1,083

43.83

32.49

19.77

0.95

2.95

16,630

12,308

7,290

407

1,105

44.06

32.61

19.32

1.08

2.93

100.00

848

100.00

36,689

100.00

37,740

100.00

Number of Shares by Country of Residence and by Type as at December 31, 2010

Country

Directors, Management, 
Staff, Advisors

Companies

Individuals

Total

Trinidad and Tobago

Barbados

Eastern Caribbean

Other Caribbean

Other

Total

Shares

459,429

2,700,650

68,298

548,000

184,052

%

11.60

68.19

1.72

13.84

4.65

Shares

32,930,332

33,764,569

450,516

3,652,034

162,880

%

46.41

47.58

0.63

5.15

0.23

Shares

105,070,214

66,667,115

20,706,220

3,482,243

20,494,792

%

48.55

30.80

9.57

1.61

9.47

Shares

138,459,975

103,132,334

21,225,034

7,682,277

20,841,724

%

47.53

35.40

7.29

2.64

7.15

3,960,429

100.00

70,960,331

100.00

216,420,584

100.00

291,341,344

100.00

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

183

 
 
 
 
 
Number of Shares by Country of Residence and by Type as at December 31, 2009

Country

Directors, Management, 
Staff, Advisors

Companies

Individuals

Total

Trinidad and Tobago

524,267

10.00

44,912,819

Shares

%

Shares

3,209,019

2,884

61.18

0.05

38,272,936

523,516

1,099,146

20.96

2,920,314

409,861

7.81

890,354

%

51.32

43.72

0.60

3.34

1.02

Shares

105,512,632

64,033,380

22,104,085

1,976,788

4,511,160

%

53.25

32.32

11.16

1.00

2.28

Shares

150,949,718

105,515,335

22,630,485

5,996,248

5,811,375

%

51.89

36.27

7.78

2.06

2.00 

5,245,177

100.00

87,519,939

100.00

198,138,045

100.00 

290,903,161

100.00

Barbados

Eastern Caribbean

Other Caribbean

Other

Total

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

184

ADVISORS AND BANKERS

APPOINTED ACTUARY
Sylvain Goulet, FCIA, FSA, MAAA, Affiliate Member of the (British) Institute of Actuaries  
and Affiliate Member of the Caribbean Actuarial Association

AUDITORS 
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Chartered Accountants

LEGAL ADVISORS 
Allen & Overy LLP, New York, USA
Allen & Overy LLP, London, United Kingdom
Carrington & Sealy, Barbados
Patterson K H Cheltenham, QC, LLM, Barbados
Barry L V Gale, QC, LLB (Hons), Barbados
Hobsons, Trinidad and Tobago
Shutts & Bowen LLP, Florida, USA

BANKERS
Butterfield Bank (Barbados) Limited
FirstCaribbean International Bank Limited
RBTT Bank Limited
RBC Royal Bank (Barbados) Limited
The Bank of Nova Scotia

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

185

 
 
 
 
OFFICES

Sagicor Corporate Head Office
SAGICOR FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Cecil F deCaires Building 
Wildey, St Michael 
Barbados 
Tel: (246) 467-7500 
Fax: (246) 436-8829 
Email: info@sagicor.com 
Website: www.sagicor.com

Subsidiaries
SAGICOR LIFE INC
Sagicor Financial Centre 
Lower Collymore Rock 
St Michael, Barbados 
Tel: (246) 467-7500 
Fax: (246) 436-8829 
Email: info@sagicor.com

Sagicor Life Inc Branch Offices
Barbados
1st Avenue, Belleville 
St Michael 
Tel: (246) 467-7700 
Fax: (246) 429-4148 
Email: info@sagicor.com

Antigua
Sagicor Financial Centre 
#9 Factory Road, 
St John’s 
Tel: (268) 480-5550 
Fax: (268) 480-5520 
Email: info_antigua@sagicor.com

Grenada
The Mutual/Trans-Nemwil Office Complex 
The Villa, St George’s 
Tel: (473) 440-1223 
Fax: (473) 440-4169 
Email: info_grenada@sagicor.com

St Lucia
Sagicor Financial Centre 
Choc Estate, Castries 
Tel: (758) 452-3169 
Fax: (758) 450-3787 
Email: info_stlucia@sagicor.com

Trinidad and Tobago
Sagicor Financial Centre 
16 Queen’s Park West, Port of Spain 
Tel: (868) 628-1636/7/8 
Fax: (868) 628-1639 
Email: comments@sagicor.com

Sagicor Life Inc Agencies
Anguilla
Malliouhana Insurance Co Ltd 
Caribbean Commercial Centre 
The Valley 
Tel: (264) 497-3712 
Fax: (264) 497-3710

Dominica
WillCher Services Inc 
44 Hillsborough Street 
Corner Hillsborough & Independence Street 
Roseau 
Tel: (767) 440-2562 
Fax: (767) 440-2563 
Email: info_dominica@sagicor.com

Guyana
Hand-in-Hand Mutual Life Assurance Company 
Limited 
Lots 1, 2 and 3, Avenue of the Republic 
Georgetown 
Tel: (592) 251861 
Fax: (592) 251867

Montserrat
Administered by Antigua Branch

St Kitts
Sagicor Life Inc 
C/o The St Kitts Nevis Anguilla Trading and 
Development Co. Ltd 
Central Street, Basseterre 
Tel: (869) 465-9476 
Fax: (869) 465 6437

St Vincent
Incorporated Agencies Limited 
Kenmars Building, Halifax Street 
Kingstown 
Tel: (784) 456-1159 
Fax: (784) 456-2232

SAGICOR GENERAL INSURANCE INC 
Beckwith Place, Lower Broad Street 
Bridgetown, Barbados 
Tel: (246) 431-2800 
Fax: (246) 426-0752 
Email: sgi-info@sagicorgeneral.com

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

186

Sagicor General Insurance Branch Offices
Barbados
Mall Internationale 
Haggatt Hall 
St Michael 
Tel: (246) 431-2886 
Fax: (246) 426-8245

Sagicor Financial Centre 
Lower Collymore Rock 
St Michael 
Tel: (246) 467-7650 
Fax: (246) 428-6269

Building #2  
Chelston Park 
Culloden Road 
St Michael

Antigua
Sagicor Life Inc 
Sagicor Financial Centre 
9 Factory Road 
PO Box 666 
St Johns

Trinidad and Tobago
Sagicor Financial Centre 
16 Queen’s Park West 
Port of Spain 
Tel: (868) 628-1636/7/8 
Fax: (868) 628-1639

Sagicor General Insurance Agencies
HHV Whitchurch & Company Limited
Old Street 
PO Box 771 
Roseau 
Dominica 
Tel: (767) 448-2181 
Fax: (767) 448-5787

WillCher Services Inc
44 Hillsborough Street 
Corner Hillsborough & Independence Street 
Roseau 
Dominica 
Tel: (767) 440-2562 
Fax: (767) 440-2563

JE Maxwell & Company Limited
PO Box GGM507 
Bridge Street 
Castries 
St Lucia 
Tel: (758) 451-7829 
Fax: (758) 451-7271

GLOBE FINANCE INC
6 Rendezvous Court, Rendezvous Main Road 
Christ Church, Barbados 
Tel: (246) 426-4755 
Fax: (246) 426-4772 
Website: www.globefinanceinc.com

SAGICOR FUNDS INCORPORATED
Sagicor Corporate Centre, Wildey 
St Michael, Barbados 
Tel: (246) 467-7500 
Fax: (246) 436-8829 
Email: info@sagicor.com

SAGICOR ASSET MANAGEMENT INC
Sagicor Corporate Centre 
Wildey, St Michael, 
Barbados 
Tel: (246) 467-7500 
Fax: (246) 426-1153 
Email: info@sagicor.com

SAGICOR FINANCE INC
Sagicor Financial Centre 
Choc Estate, Castries 
Tel: (758) 452-4272 
Fax: (758) 452-4279

SAGICOR ASSET MANAGEMENT (TRINIDAD 
AND TOBAGO) LIMITED
Sagicor Financial Centre 
16 Queen’s Park West, Port of Spain 
Tel: (868) 628-1636/7/8 
Fax: (868) 628-1639

NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANY 
LIMITED
Sagicor Financial Centre 
16 Queen’s Park West 
Port of Spain, Trinidad 
Tel: (868) 628-1636 
Fax: (868) 628-1639 
Email: comments@sagicor.com

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

187

 
 
 
 
BARBADOS FARMS LIMITED
Bulkeley  
St George 
Barbados 
Tell: 427-5299 
Fax: 437-8873

SAGICOR PANAMA SA
Ave Samuel Lewis y Calle Santa Rita 
Edificio Plaza Obarrio 
3er Piso Oficina 201 
Panama City, Panama 
Tel: (507) 223-1511 
Fax: (507) 264-1949 
Email: capital1@sinfo.net

SAGICOR CAPITAL LIFE INSURANCE 
COMPANY LIMITED
Registered Office 
M B & H Corporate Services Limited, Mareva 
House, 
4 George Street, 
Nassau, Bahamas

Sagicor Capital Life Branch Offices
Belize
The Insurance Centre 
212 North Front Street 
Belize City 
Tel: (501) 223-3147 
Fax: (501) 223-7390 
Email: capitalbe@btl.net

Curaçao
Schottegatweg Oost #11 
Tel: (599) 9 736-8558 
Fax: (599) 9 736-8575 
Email: capital.life@curinfo.an

Sagicor Capital Life Agencies 
Curaçao
Guillen Insurance Consultants 
PO Box 4929 
Kaya E, Salas No 34 
Tel: 011-5999-461-2081 
Fax: 011-5999-461-1675 
Email: chris-guillen@betlinks.an

Haiti
Cabinet d’Assurance Fritz de Catalogne 
Angles Rues de Peuple et des Miracles 
Port-au-Prince 
Tel: (509) 226695 
Fax: (509) 230827 
Email: capital@compa.net

St Maarten
C/o Charlisa NV, Walter Nisbeth Road #99B 
Phillipsburg 
Tel: (599) 542-2070 
Fax: (599) 542-3079 
Email: capital@sintmaarten.net

CAPITAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 
BAHAMAS LIMITED
C/o ColinaImperial Insurance Limited 
56 Collins Avenue, P O Box 4937 
Nassau, Bahamas 
Tel: (242) 393-9518 
Fax: (242) 393-9523

SAGICOR LIFE ARUBA NV
Fergusonstraat #106 
AHMO Plaza Building, Suites 1 and 2 
Oranjestad, Aruba 
Tel: (297) 823967 
Fax: (297) 826004 
Email: calico@setarnet.aw

Lyder Insurance Consultants 
Seroe Blanco 56A 
Tel: (297) 582-6133

LOJ HOLDINGS LTD
28-48 Barbados Avenue 
Kingston 5, Jamaica 
Tel: (876) 929-8920(-9) 
Fax: (876) 960-1927

SAGICOR LIFE JAMAICA LIMITED
28-48 Barbados Avenue 
Kingston 5, Jamaica 
Tel: (876) 929-8920(-9) 
Fax: (876) 960-1927 
Website: www.sagicorjamaica.com

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

188

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ADMINISTRATORS LTD
28-48 Barbados Avenue 
Kingston 5, Jamaica 
Tel: (876) 929-8920(-9) 
Fax: (876) 960-1927 
Website: www.sagicorjamaica.com

HEALTH CORPORATION JAMAICA LTD

ST ANDREW’S DEVELOPERS LIMITED

SAGICOR INSURANCE BROKERS LIMITED

SAGICOR LIFE OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS 
LIMITED
Global House, 198 North Church Street 
George Town, Grand Cayman 
Cayman Islands 
Tel: (345) 949-8211 
Fax: (345) 949-8262 
Email: global@candw.ky

SAGICOR INSURANCE MANAGERS LIMITED
1st Floor Harbour Place 
103 South Church Street 
George Town 
Grand Cayman 
Tel: (345)-949-7028 
Fax: (345)-949-7457

SAGICOR PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 
SERVICES LTD
78a Hagley Park Road,  
Kingston 10,  
Jamaica 
Telephone: (876) 929-9182-6 
Facsimile: (876) 929-9187

SAGICOR RE INSURANCE LTD
Global House, 198 North Church Street 
George Town, Grand Cayman 
Cayman Islands 
Tel: (345) 949-8211 
Fax: (345) 949-8262 
Email: global@candw.ky

LESTED DEVELOPERS LIMITED

PANCARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES 
LIMITED
Pan Caribbean Building 
60 Knutsford Boulevard 
Kingston 5, Jamaica 
Tel: (876) 929-5583-4 
Fax: (876) 926-4385 
Website: www.gopancaribbean.com 
Email: options@gopancaribbean.com

PANCARIBBEANBANK LIMITED

PANCARIBBEAN INVESTMENTS LIMITED

PANCARIBBEAN ASSET MANAGEMENT 
LIMITED

PANCARIBBEAN SECURITIES LIMITED

MANUFACTURERERS INVESTMENTS LIMITED

SAGICOR USA, INC
4010 Boy Scout Blvd, Suite 800 
Tampa, Florida 33607 
USA 
Telephone: 813-287-1602 
Fax: 813-287-7420

SAGICOR LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
4343 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 300 
Scottsdale, Arizona 
85251 
Tel: 1-800-531-5067 
Fax: (345) 949-8262 
Website: www.sagicorlifeusa.com

LAUREL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

SAGICOR EUROPE LIMITED
Maples Corporate Services Limited 
Ugland House 
South Church Street 
George Town, Grand Cayman 
Cayman Islands

SAGICOR CAYMAN REINSURANCE, LTD
Maples Corporate Services Limited 
Ugland House 
South Church Street 
George Town, Grand Cayman 
Cayman Islands

SAGICOR AT LLOYD’S LIMITED
1 Great Tower Street 
London 
United Kingdom 
EC3R 5AA 
Tel: +44 (0)20 3003 6800 
Fax: +44 (0)20 3003 6999 
Website: www.sagicor.eu 
Email: info@sagicor.eu

SAGICOR SYNDICATE HOLDINGS LIMITED

SAGICOR SYNDICATE SERVICES LIMITED

SAGICOR CLAIMS MANAGEMENT INC

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

189

 
 
 
 
SAGICOR CORPORATE CAPITAL LIMITED

SAGICOR COPORATE CAPITAL TWO LIMITED

LLOYD’S SYNDICATE 1206

LLOYD’S SYNDICATE 44

SAGICOR UNDERWRITING LIMITED
1 Great Tower Street 
London 
United Kingdom 
EC3R 5AA 
Tel: +44 (0)20 3003 6969 
Fax: +44 (0)20 3003 6997 
Website: www.sagicorunderwriting.com 
Email: sul@sagicor.eu

SAGICOR FINANCE LIMITED
Maples Corporate Services Limited 
Ugland House 
South Church Street 
George Town, Grand Cayman 
Cayman Islands

Associated Companies 
FAMGUARD CORPORATION LIMITED 
East Bay & Shirley Street 
PO Box SS-6232 
Nassau, NP 
Bahamas 
Tel: (242) 396 4000 
Fax: (242) 393 1100 
Website: www.famguardbahamas.com

RGM LTD
Albion Plaza Energy Centre, 
22-24 Victoria Avenue, 
Port of Spain, 
Trinidad W.I. 
Office: (868) 625-6505 ext. 26 
Fax: (868) 624-7607 
Mobile: (868) 678-3181 
Direct: (868) 624-6975 
Email: gpd@rgm.co

Sagicor 
Financial 

Corporation

190

Cover Design: Blammo Worldwide
Layout and Artwork: GENESIS Graphics
Pre-Press and Printing: COT Media Group