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Sappi Ltd.

spp · NYSE Basic Materials
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Sector Basic Materials
Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 10,000+
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FY2016 Annual Report · Sappi Ltd.
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delivering on
strategy

2016

debt
reduction

One
Sappi

intentional
evolution

next phase –
growth

2016 Annual Integrated Report

 
About this report

Our Annual Integrated Report for the year ended September 2016 provides both an assessment of our strategy 
and delivery as well as an introduction of our revised strategic direction, mission and vision together with our value 
statement introduced in 2015. The report deals with key opportunities and risks in our markets as well as our 
performance against financial and non-financial objectives, along with our priorities and expectations for the year 
ahead. While the report addresses issues pertinent to a wide group of stakeholders, the primary audience is our 
shareholders. Our global and regional sustainability reports address the wider audience in more detail on key 
material issues.

The scope of this report includes all of our 
operations, as set out on page 18. We aim to 
present information that is material, comparable, 
relevant and complete. The issues and indicators 
we cover reflect our significant economic, 
environmental and social impacts, and those we 
believe would substantively influence the 
assessments and decisions of investors. The 
materiality of the information presented has been 
determined on the basis of extensive ongoing 
engagement with our stakeholders and has been 
assessed against the backdrop of current business 
operations, as well as prevailing trends in our 
industry and the global economy. 

In preparing this report, we have tracked 
environmental findings and research, public opinion, 
employee views and attitudes, the interests and 
priorities of environmental and social groups, as 
well as the activities, profiles and interests of 
investors, employees, suppliers and customers, 
communities, governments and regulatory 
authorities.

While this report is aligned with the King III Code 
on Corporate Governance (King III) from 2017, our 
reporting will be aligned with the King IV Code 
launched at the beginning of November 2016.

Board approval
The Sappi Limited board acknowledges its 
responsibility for ensuring the integrity of the Annual 
Integrated Report and, to the best of its knowledge 
and belief, the Sappi Limited Annual Integrated 
Report for 2016 addresses all material issues and 
presents fairly the integrated performance of the 
organisation and its impacts. The report has been 
prepared in line with best practice and the board 
confirms that it has approved this Annual Integrated 
Report and authorised it for release on 
09 December 2016.

External assurance
Currently, assurance of sustainability information 
is conducted by our internal audit team. Their 
verification process includes reviewing the 
procedures applied for collecting and/or measuring, 
calculating and validating non-financial data, as well 
as reviewing reported information and supporting 
documentation. 

In practice, most of our key operations undergo 
external verification including the Eco-Management 
Audit System (EMAS) in Europe and globally, 
ISO 14001 environmental certification, ISO 9001 
quality certification and OHSAS 18001 certification.

We are also assessed in terms of the forest 
certification systems we use, and in South Africa, 
our Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment 
(BBBEE) performance is assessed by an external 
ratings agency. 

In addition, our global governance, social and 
environmental performance is assessed annually 
in terms of our listing on the Socially Responsible 
Investment (SRI) Index of the JSE Securities 
Exchange (JSE).

Collectively, these external assessments and 
certifications as well as interaction with our 
stakeholders give us confidence that our 
performance indicators are reliable, accurate and 
pertinent. The Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability (SETS) Committee reviews the 
efficacy of conducting external assurance annually. 
The committee considered external verification in 
the year under review, but is satisfied that the 
sustainability information presented in this report 
has been provided with a reasonable degree of 
accuracy.

Due to our delisting from the New York Stock 
Exchange in 2013, we no longer publish an annual 
report on Form 20-F. For information on the 
combined assurance model relevant to the 
disclosure in this report, and for the independent 
auditor’s report, please refer to page 51 of this 
report and page 2 in the Group Annual Financial 
Statements respectively. This year’s report does not 
include summarised financials. However, the full 
Annual Integrated Report with financials is available 
on www.sappi.com in electronic and PDF format. 

For important information relating to forward-
looking statements, refer to the inside back cover. 
We present this Annual Integrated Report as a 
basis for engagement and welcome any feedback. 
Please direct any comments or questions to Sappi 
Corporate Affairs using the details provided on 
page 98.

Navigation aids:

Online information

Further reading

Sappi’s 3Ps

Prosperity

People

Planet

Group and regional sustainability reports
We will once again publish a Group 
Sustainability Report for 2016 in accordance 
with the Global Reporting Initiative’s G4 
guidelines. Our North American and Southern 
African operations will publish comprehensive 
sustainability reports for FY2016, while our 
European operations will publish an update to 
their 2015 report. These reports will be available 
early in 2017 on www.sappi.com.

Stay informed: For a more comprehensive overview of our social, ethics, transformation and sustainability performance, please refer to:

Annual Integrated Report and Group 
Annual Financial Statements: 

Quarterly results announcements  
and analyst presentations: 

Group Sustainability  
Report: 

www.sappi.com/annual-reports

www.sappi.com/quarterly-reports

www.sappi.com/sustainability

Cover 

The circles represent the global interconnectivity of our business, our strategy of intentional evolution, and the manner in which we are harnessing the 
power of One Sappi to successfully deliver on it. 

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
IFC About this report

G R O U P   O V E R V I E W

Our sustainable business model
2
Our use of natural capital
4
Our activities add value
6
Our strategy
8
Our performance in 2016
10
Letter to stakeholders
12
16
Q&A with the CEO
18 Where we operate
20

Product review

S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y

26
32
33

Our key relationships
Our global sustainability goals
Our key material issues

G O V E R N A N C E   A N D   C O M P E N S A T I O N

44
48
55
62

63

Our leadership
Corporate governance
Compensation Report
 Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee Report
Risk management

C H I E F   F I N A N C I A L   O F F I C E R ’ S 
R E P O R T
66
68
74
77
78
83

Section 1 – Financial highlights
Section 2 – Financial performance – group
Section 3 – Financial performance – regional
Section 4 – Cash flow
Section 5 – Balance sheet 
Section 6 – Share price performance

F I V E - Y E A R   R E V I E W

84

Five-year review

S H A R E   S T A T I S T I C S

86

Share statistics

G L O S S A R Y   A N D   N O T I C E   T O 
S H A R E H O L D E R S
Glossary
88
Notice to shareholders
92
Shareholders’ diary
98
Administration
98
Proxy form for the Annual General Meeting
99

IFC About this report

G R O U P   O V E R V I E W

Our sustainable business model
2
Our use of natural capital
4
Our activities add value
6
Our strategy
8
Our performance in 2016
10
Letter to stakeholders
12
16
Q&A with the CEO
18 Where we operate
20

Product review

S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y

26
32
33

Our key relationships
Our global sustainability goals
Our key material issues

G O V E R N A N C E   A N D   C O M P E N S A T I O N

44
48
55
62

63

Our leadership
Corporate governance
Compensation Report
 Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee Report
Risk management

C H I E F   F I N A N C I A L   O F F I C E R ’ S 
R E P O R T
66
68
74
77
78
83

Section 1 – Financial highlights
Section 2 – Financial performance – group
Section 3 – Financial performance – regional
Section 4 – Cash flow
Section 5 – Balance sheet 
Section 6 – Share price performance

F I V E - Y E A R   R E V I E W

84

Five-year review

S H A R E   S T A T I S T I C S

86

Share statistics

G L O S S A R Y   A N D   N O T I C E   T O 
S H A R E H O L D E R S
Glossary
88
Notice to shareholders
92
Shareholders’ diary
98
Administration
98
Proxy form for the Annual General Meeting
99

One
Sappi

2016

Through the power  
of One Sappi –  
committed to  
collaborating and 
partnering with 
stakeholders – we aim 
to be a trusted and 
sustainable organisation 
with an exciting future in 
woodfibre.

GalerieArtTM coated fine paper manufactured at Sappi’s European mills is made from pulp 
bleached without the use of chlorine. The wood for this pulp is sourced from sustainably 
managed forests, plantations and controlled sources. These mills are third party certified 
according to internationally recognised standards including ISO 9001 quality and ISO 14001 
and EMAS environmental certification. GalerieArtTM is acid free and fully recyclable. 
Printed on 250 and 135g/m2.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

1

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Our sustainable business model 
creates ongoing value 

We have aligned our long-established approach to sustainable development – 
Prosperity, People and Planet – with the IIRC’s* six capitals model.

Inputs

Financial capital
(cid:38)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:55)(cid:59)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:42)(cid:1)
(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:61)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:61)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:68)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:55)(cid:59)(cid:47)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63).
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:21)(cid:1)US$5.177 billion
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:58)(cid:21)(cid:1)US$1,408 million (down US$363 million)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:56)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:4)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:21)(cid:1)US$1,378 million
Manufactured capital
(cid:30)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:59)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:44)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:59)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:55)(cid:59)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:8)(cid:1)
(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:59)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:10)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)Nine paper mills, two specialised cellulose and paper mills, one specialised cellulose mill, two 
  speciality paper mills and one sawmill, (cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:59)(cid:44)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)
Intellectual capital
(cid:34)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:52)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:35)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:59)(cid:50)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:52)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)
(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:54)(cid:54)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:63)(cid:10)(cid:1)
(cid:34)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:59)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:10)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:67)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:21)(cid:1)US$26 million (cid:5)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:62)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:48)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:6)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:52)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)in each region.(cid:1)

Human capital
(cid:24)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:60)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)
(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:54)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:59)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)
(cid:45)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:10)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)12,000 employees, 750 fixed-term contractors
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)US$529(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:13)(cid:15)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:52)
(cid:1) (cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:10)(cid:1)
Social capital
(cid:24)(cid:59)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:54)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:59)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)
(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:60)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:40)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:60)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:10)(cid:1)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)Ongoing(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:36)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:21)(cid:1)US$4 million

Natural capital
(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:10)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)2,798MW energy(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:8)(cid:1)1,911MW (cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)extracted 33.9m3/adt         
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)388,000ha owned or leased plantations(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:2)(cid:67)(cid:28)(cid:36)(cid:25)®(cid:7)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:62)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:63)(cid:1)28.6 million tons(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:40)(cid:43)(cid:56)
(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:54)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58) 103,000ha

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*  IIRC – International Integrated Reporting Council.
** Further information of Sappi’s FSC®-certification is available in the glossary.

Our processes

The papermaking and specialised cellulose 
(dissolving wood pulp) processes

2

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
Currently, natural capital, financial capital and human capital are 
the most important in our drive to position Sappi as a profitable and 
cash-generative diversified woodfibre group – focused on 
dissolving wood pulp, paper and products in adjacent fields.

A natural capital infographic is presented on the following page.

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:61)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:59)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)

(cid:54)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:61)(cid:58)(cid:46)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:53)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:59)(cid:50)(cid:54)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:53)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:48)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)

Outlook

                         E

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G

Y

W

O

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D

F

I

B
R
E

P
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P          W

AT

E

R     CHEMICAL                 

Governance

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:53)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)
(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:62)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:47)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)
(cid:43)(cid:62)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:43)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:57)(cid:8)(cid:1)

(cid:37)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)
(cid:36)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:1)
(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:1)
(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)
(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:63)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:53)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)
(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)
(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:57)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:43)(cid:61)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:57)(cid:1)
(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:17)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:54)(cid:57)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)

(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:63)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:31)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:53)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:68)(cid:40)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:1)

(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:43)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:59)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)

(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:40)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:62)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:45)(cid:63)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:56)

Material issues

Performance

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:32)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:48)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:63)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:43)(cid:57)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)

(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:57)

Papermaking

Dissolving wood pulp 

Outputs

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)6.1 million tons(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:42)(cid:59)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:59)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:58)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:46)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:59)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:40)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:19)%

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:33)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:59)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:42)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:59)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:62)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:42)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:42)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:53)(cid:51)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:61)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:31)(cid:37)(cid:30)(cid:28)(cid:35)(cid:21)(cid:1)(cid:11)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:17)(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:61)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:54)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:41)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:36)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:44)(cid:56)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:6)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:47)(cid:60)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:41)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:40)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:58)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:45)(cid:1)(cid:46)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:59)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:53)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:63)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:53)(cid:61)(cid:57)(cid:21)(cid:1)(cid:52)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:56)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:9)(cid:57)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:11)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1)
(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:54)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:42)(cid:42)(cid:50)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:14)(cid:14)(cid:11)(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:47)(cid:53)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:13)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:21)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:52)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)92% of water drawn returned(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:46)(cid:43)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:47)(cid:56)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:51)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)48.8% renewable energy generated(cid:8)(cid:1)
(cid:1) (cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:1)95.17% own black liquor

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)73% of fibre used certified

(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:1)622,850 tons of waste(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:53)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:46)(cid:47)(cid:41)(cid:46)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:51)(cid:53)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:1)
(cid:1) 331,248 tons(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:52)(cid:58)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:42)(cid:68)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:64)(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:51)(cid:57)(cid:8) 
  a decrease of 24.7%(cid:1)(cid:47)(cid:52)(cid:1)(cid:58)(cid:53)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:61)(cid:39)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:43) (cid:53)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:56)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:60)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:57)

(cid:1)

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sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Our use of natural capital
Our business relies on natural capital, particularly on woodfibre, land and water. 
Accordingly, we focus closely on responsible management of these resources.

Our woodfibre resources

Europe

No owned plantations or land. Woodfibre sourced from forests close to each 
mill. Softwood and hardwood pulp is sourced from Europe and the Americas.

Tree species used:
Spruce (used for mechanical pulp and softwood chemical pulp) and beech (used for 
hardwood pulp). Lanaken Mill can also process significant amounts of poplar.

North America

No owned forest plantations or land. Wood sourced from landowners and 
commercial loggers. Woodfibre is procured from temperate forests in Maine, 
New Hampshire, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin and from the Canadian 
provinces of New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario.

Tree species used:
Maple, poplar, aspen, beech and birch (hardwoods) and spruce, pine and fir (softwoods).

South Africa

Sappi owns or leases 388,000 hectares (ha) with approximately 28.6 million 
tons of standing timber. Contracted supply covers almost 103,000ha.

Tree species used:
Of the 234,000ha planted at the end of FY2016, 56% was hardwood  
and 44% softwood, and of contracted supply, 91% is hardwood.

Softwood

North 
America

Hardwood

44%

56%

Our plantations 
are not irrigated.

Trees are planted 
at least 30 metres 
away from 
watercourses.

Globally, we return 
92% of water drawn 
for our mills to the 
environment.

Our plantations 
require minimal 
amounts of fertiliser.

Water usage by sector in South Africa

2%     Power generation
2.5%  Livestock and conservation
3%     Forestry
3%     Municipal/domestic rural
5.5%  Mining and industry

24%   Municipal/domestic urban

60%   Agriculture/irrigation

Commercial forestry plantations 
account for just 3% of  
South Africa’s total water use.

The trees in our plantations are able 
to take up nutrients from relatively 
acidic soil (soil with low pH) and are 
thus able to grow on degraded soils 
that are unsuitable for agriculture.

4

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
High levels of forest certification

100% of our owned and leased 
plantations are FSC®-certified.

Europe

Globally, 73% of fibre supplied to 
our mills is certified.

And the rest?
(cid:116)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:36)®(cid:14)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)

(cid:49)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:36)(cid:153)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)
(cid:52)(cid:90)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:52)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:1)
(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)
(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:253)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)
(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)

(cid:116) (cid:38)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:90)(cid:14)

(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)
(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:10)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:67)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)
(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:81)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:1)
(cid:67)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)
(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:89)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:15)

Southern 
Africa

The myth: Sappi’s 
plantations are sterile deserts
The facts:
Approximately one third of our plantations are managed for biodiversity conservation. 
These plantations harbour rich bird and mammal diversity.

455 bird species
recorded on our plantations, 
more than half of all South 
Africa’s bird species.

27 mammals
recorded by camera traps on 
our KZN plantations of which 
six are rare or threatened.

15 faunal red data species
recorded on our MPU plantations:
Endangered mammal species include Oribi and Samango 
Monkey, and
Near threatened species include Serval and Honey Badger. 
We provide feedback on numbers and locations of specific priority 
species on our property to the Endangered  
Wildlife Trust every year.

As stakeholders in 
managed forests, we
have a responsibility to ensure 
the sustainability of the world’s 
forest resources through our 
procurement practices.

Group Wood and Fibre  
Procurement Policy 

The forests and 
plantations from which 
we source woodfibre are 
actively managed to 
enhance biodiversity 
and restrict harmful 
processes like pests 
and disease.

Forests are central to 
addressing climate change.

Forests provide one of the most 
cost-effective and efficient 
natural carbon capture and 
storage systems. Investing in 
forests is an insurance policy 
for the planet. 

Ban-ki Moon, United Nations Secretary 
General, message on the International 
Day of Forests 2016

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

5

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Our activities add value to all our stakeholders

Globally, we contributed

US$89 million
to governments as taxation

We reinvested
US$554 million 
to grow the business

We paid
US$894 million 
to employees as salaries, wages  
and other benefits

EBITDA amounted to
US$739 million 
(excluding special items)

Sustainably 
managed forests 
and plantations

i

Biomas
Biomass and 
nutrient storage

The sustainably 
managed forests 
and plantations 
from which we 
source woodfibre 
sequester carbon; 
harvesting is 
balanced with 
planting and 
regrowth and 
so the carbon 
cycle begins 
all over again.

g

Nutrient uptake
Gaseous loss

Mineralisation

Leaching

Paper quality significantly  
affects viewer response... Source: Haptic Brain, Haptic Brand:  

A Communicators Guide to the Neuroscience of Touch

and tactile communications, like paper, cause people to exhibit a sense of ownership of the objects 
they read about, influencing buying decisions. 

Our activities promote socio-economic
development in rural areas where otherwise, there would be limited 
opportunities.

Our coatings expertise means that we can
fulfil requirements for complicated prints, finishes and colours, and 
gives us a competitive advantage.

We invested US$4 million to enhance
the wellbeing, safety and health of communities close to our areas of 
operation.

We help our customers to leverage the
demand for environmentally friendly packaging, helping them to make 
their products visually distinct and processing more efficient.

By promoting the use of certified woodfibre,
we have helped to increase the size of the natural forest areas across 
Europe and North America.

Our high-
quality coated 
printing papers are 
the key platform for 
premium 
magazines, 
catalogues, books 
and high-end print 
advertising.

6

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
The carbon cycle

CO2

Our goal is to achieve
Level 4 BBBEE
contributor status 
when the new Forestry 
Sector Codes are 
introduced in 
November 2016.

ABOVE 
GROUND

Litter fall

Decomposition

Soil organic 
matter pools

BELOW 
GROUND

Globally, we promote the value of paper through 
the PrintPower and TwoSides organisations. 

Recognised as a  
top brand in the 
annual Sunday 
Times newspaper 
survey for 2016 
in SA.

Approximately 
half of the 
bagasse (sugar 
cane waste 
residue) supplied 
to Stanger Mill is 
sourced from 
emerging farmers.

Our paper solutions like 
olutions like 
Algro Guard 
d
e 
eliminate the 
need for 
plastics or 
foil, thereby 
sts. 
reducing costs. 
g additional
By removing additional 
barrier layers (comprising 
plastic or foil), the product 
becomes biodegradable.

We were awarded a 
Champion of Economic 
Development Award from 
the Maine Development 
Foundation in NA.

In FY2016 our enterprise 
development programme,  
Khulisa Umnotho 
(Project Grow) delivered  
395,232 tons of woodfibre  
to our SA operations.
Currently, the total area managed 
under this programme is 
22,717ha.

In South Africa, our 
operations provide 
employment  
for approximately
10,500 contractor 
employees.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

7

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Our strategy

Through intentional evolution we will continue to grow Sappi into a profitable and cash generative  
diversified woodfibre group – focused on dissolving wood pulp, paper and products in adjacent fields.

2016 achievements

Achieve 
cost 
advantages

–  Ongoing fixed cost savings year-on-year

–  Ongoing variable cost savings year-on-year

–  Investments in energy savings at core mills

Rationalise 
declining 
businesses

–  Continuously balance graphic paper demand 

and supply in all regions by converting capacity 
where possible to higher profitable speciality 
packaging grades

One
Sappi

Grow 
through 
moderate 
investments

–  Expanded speciality paper and packaging grades 
in Europe and North America through conversions

– Identified various growth opportunities

Generate 
cash to 
strengthen the 
balance sheet

–  Achieved target of 2x net debt/EBITDA

–  Reduced debt by US$363 million to US$1,408 million

–  Successfully refinanced the 2021 bonds with annual 

interest saving of US$8 million per annum

Accelerate 
growth 
in adjacent 
businesses 
from a strong 
base

–  Strong pipeline of biotech business opportunities

–  Completed the construction of the nanocellulose 

pilot plant

–  Commissioned the construction of a sugars 

extraction plant

8

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
2017 objectives

Performance to targets

–  Continuously improve cost position 

EBITDA margin 

%

Achieve 
cost 
advantages

–  Continue to maximise global 

procurement benefits

–  Best-in-class production efficiencies

Rationalise 
declining 
businesses

–  Maximise production at low-cost mills 

–  Continue to convert low contributing graphic 

capacity to higher profitable speciality 
packaging grades

Grow 
through 
moderate 
investments

–  Expand speciality paper and packaging 

grades up to 20% of group EBITDA

–  Grow dissolving wood pulp capacity by up 
to 100,000 tons over the next two years

Generate 
cash to 
strengthen the 
balance sheet

–  Maintain net debt/EBITDA below 2x

–  Continuously improve working capital

–  Use liquidity sources to repay the maturing 

2017 US$400 million bond

Accelerate 
growth 
in adjacent 
businesses 
from a strong 
base

–  Commercialise biotech opportunities

–  Assess new business opportunities for 

commercial application

4
.
4
1

0
.
5
1

6
.
1
1

9
.
0
1

15

12

9

6

3

0

2014

2015

2016

Target

ROCE 

%

5
.
7
1

4
.
2
1

8
.
0
1

0
.
2
1

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2014

2015

2016

Target

Net debt/EBITDA 

Times

5

4

3

2

1

0

0

.

3

8

.

2

9
1

.

0

.

2
>

2014

2015

2016

Target

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

9

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Our performance in 2016

The successful execution of 
our strategy delivered a further 
significant increase in earnings 
in 2016 and our return to the 
JSE Top 40 index. 

Sales 

US$ million

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

8
3
4
,
1

0
5
3
,
3

9
5
5
,
1

7
7
3
,
1

5
5
1
,
3

3
9
3
,
1

7
1
5
,
1

7
0
1
,
3

7
3
4
,
1

7
7
3
,
1

0
6
6
,
2

3
5
3
,
1

7
6
3
,
1

2
8
5
,
2

2
9
1
,
1

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)North America 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Europe 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Southern Africa

We invested capital in lowering our cost base 
at a number of mills during the year, reduced 
our debt and refinanced higher cost debt in 
order to lower our future debt service costs. 
The previous investments in specialised 
cellulose and speciality packaging paper 
delivered strong performances in the year.

Our European graphics paper business 
showed an improved underlying operating 
performance with stable pricing and lower 
input costs, leading to enhanced margins. 
The speciality packaging business made 
further improvements in sales volumes and 
margin growth during the year.

The North American business experienced a 
difficult market, with the stronger US Dollar in 
particular having a marked effect on graphic 
paper prices and weak domestic demand for 
the first nine months of the year. Lower 
purchased paper pulp, wood, energy and 

EPS and EPS excluding 
special items

US cents

Net debt 

US$ million

Operating profit 
excluding special items

US$ million

80

60

40

20

0

(20)

(40)

0
6

7
5

8
2

8
1

4
2 3
3

6
2

2
2

)
4
(

)
5
3
(

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)EPS 

(cid:81)(cid:3)EPS excluding special items

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

7
4
2

,

2

0
2
0
2

,

6
4
9
1

,

1
7
7
1

,

8
0
4
1

,

7
8
4

9
0
4

6
4
3

7
5
3

0
8
1

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

10

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
EBITDA excluding 
special items

US$ million

Sappi Limited 
Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate 
2012 to 2016

Specific water returned 
to extracted

LTIFR

m3/adt

2

8
9
3

9
3
3

5

0
5
3

3
0
3

1

3
4
3

1
8
2

6

6
9
2

6
2
2

0

8
4
5

0
3
2

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

5
8
.
3
3

5
9
.
1
3

1
8
.
4
3

3
4
.
2
3

3
1
.
4
3

2
7
.
1
3

1
5
.
3
3

2
0
.
1
3

1
9
.
3
3

0
1
.
1
3

9
7
.
0

8
6
.
0

1
7
.
0

7
4
.
0

5
3
.
0

6
5
.
0

9
5
.
0

1
4
.
0

8
3
.
0

6
3
.
0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

1.00

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

(cid:81)(cid:3)Unallocated 
(cid:81)(cid:3)Specialised cellulose

(cid:81)(cid:3)Paper 

(cid:81)(cid:3) Own LTIFR 
(cid:81)(cid:3) Own ll 

(cid:81)(cid:3) LTIFR contractors
(cid:81) ll contractors

(cid:81)(cid:3) Process water extracted (m3/adt) 
(cid:81)(cid:3) Effluent discharged (m3/adt)
(cid:81)  Ratio of effluent to extracted water

chemical costs, as well as market share 
gains enabled our business to improve 
margins in this environment. 

Our South African business had another 
excellent year, benefiting from a materially 
weaker Rand/US Dollar exchange rate and 
strong demand for our virgin fibre packaging 
grades and dissolving wood pulp. 

Net debt decreased by US$363 million in the 
past year and the refinancing of our 2021 
bonds at significantly lower interest rates will 
further lower our future net finance cost. We 
are pleased to have reached our target to 
reduce our net debt to EBITDA ratio to below 
two times a year, earlier than originally 
envisaged. We will continue to focus on 
further debt reduction in order to reduce 
financial risk and allow us more flexibility for 
future strategic initiatives.

Energy efficiency is our key environmental 
performance indicator and we continue to 
strive for improvement in this area. Energy 
efficiency brings both reduced costs, lower 
emissions and, since one of the key levers 
in improving energy efficiency is minimising 
water use, it has added environmental 
benefits too.

Disappointingly, we suffered one employee 
and three contractor fatalities in our 
sawmilling and forestry operations in South 
Africa this past year. Although forestry 
operations can be inherently risky, fatalities 
and injuries to contractors or staff are 
unacceptable and receive attention at the 
highest levels in order to continuously 
improve procedures and behaviours. We 
have called on expertise from forestry 
organisations in Finland and New Zealand to 
assess our systems and approach to safety 

in order to assess our safety systems, 
practices and policies. 

Note: In terms of water and energy, we have 
made certain changes to align more closely 
with the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) G4 
indicators and the guidelines set out by the 
National Council for Air and Stream 
Improvement (NCASI). Changes have been 
backdated to 2012 to allow for trend 
continuity:
 (cid:116) Previously, total energy was defined as 
basic purchased energy (mill gate) plus 
own fuels. It has now been readjusted to 
include basic purchased energy plus own 
fuels minus energy sold. In addition, the 
inefficiency factor for some mills has been 
updated, and

 (cid:116) Cooling water is now included in process 

water, so that effluent volumes have 
increased.

Energy intensity

GJ/adt

Percentage renewable energy 

%

Reduction of GHG emissions

tCO2

1
4
6
3

.

9
2
3
3

.

9
3

.

2
3

4
9

.

0
3

5
4
1
3

.

0
1

.

1
3

6
2

.

2
3

8
9

.

0
3

8
9
0
3

.

4
9
9
2

.

7
7
9
2

.

2
0

.

1
3

1
9

.

3
3

7
1

.

3
2

2
8

.

4
1

0
0
5
1

.

6
8
4
1

.

2
5
4
1

.

4
0
5
1

.

2
9

.

2
2

4
8

.

2
2

8
6
3
2

.

5
6

.

2
2

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Global

Europe

North 
America

Southern 
Africa

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

8

.

6
8

.

7
4
8

.

2
4
8

7

.

0
8

5

.

9
7

.

6
4
4

.

4
5
3

.

0
4
3

.

2
4
3

.

1
6
3

7

.

1
3

.

8
2
4

0
3

.

0
4

.

6
8
3

0

.

7
3

3

.

0
5

3

.

1
5

0
6
3

,

1
5
4

5
9
1
3

.

.

1
3
5

.

4
2
5

9

.

2
5

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

(100,000)

.

3
4
2
3

9
8
8
3
8
3

,

9
8
9
5
9
1

,

2
8
4

,

0
4

2
0
3
1
4

,

8
7
6

,

1
2
1

8
8
9

,

5
8

)
2
7
8

,

2
(

8
6
2

,

8
3
1

)
2
1
0
,
7
(

Global

Europe

North 
America

Southern 
Africa

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)2012 
(cid:81)(cid:3)2014    
(cid:81)(cid:3)2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)2013 
(cid:81)(cid:3)2015 

(cid:81)(cid:3)2012 
(cid:81)(cid:3)2014    
(cid:81)(cid:3)2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)2013 
(cid:81)(cid:3)2015 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Scope 1 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Scope 2

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

11

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Letter to stakeholders
from the Chairman and CEO

2016 was another successful year for Sappi

Each of our regions improved its operating performance and cash generation exceeded our own goals, allowing us 
to reduce net debt to below two times EBITDA, a target we achieved one year ahead of plan. As a result, we now 
have greater flexibility to increase investments in strategic growth.

Operating review
The successful implementation of our 
strategy and the benefits of a weaker 
Rand/US Dollar exchange rate delivered 
further significant gains in earnings. 
Ongoing projects to improve our cost 
position and enhance our competitiveness 
in graphic paper ensured an improved 
operating performance. Furthermore, 
initiatives to accelerate growth in speciality 
packaging paper in Europe and North 
America have boosted volumes and 
lifted margins. 

Net profit for the year increased by 91% to 
US$319 million while the group’s EBITDA 
excluding special items of US$739 million 
was an increase of US$114 million 
(18% on the prior year). 

Regrettably we report the fatalities of one 
own employee and three contractors in 
our sawmilling and forestry business 
during the past year. Management and the 
board of Sappi have placed even greater 
emphasis on safety, particularly in our 
plantation operations where most of our 
severe and fatal accidents have occurred. 
We have brought in experts from around 
the world to advise us on how we can 
improve our systems, training and overall 
approach to safety in order to make our 
company a safe place to work. We will 
continue to focus on entrenching a strong 
safety culture, with the ultimate aim of zero 
accidents in the workplace.

In line with our strategy and with our 
commitment to being a responsible 
corporate citizen we updated the Sappi 
Code of Ethics (Code), which was 
subsequently rolled out companywide with 
various awareness programmes during 
the year. The Code recognises that we 
are a global company, operating in many 
different countries and jurisdictions. 
Presenting a coherent and consistent 
Sappi to our staff, customers and other 
stakeholders and ensuring that we behave 
ethically, is more important than ever. 
How we do business is never a short-term 
consideration, but should rather contribute 
to our long-term sustainability. For our 
Code to be effective, we have to live our 
core values of doing business with 
integrity and courage; making smart 
decisions which we execute with speed.

Our European business delivered 
enhanced profitability compared to 2015. 
The progress of our speciality packaging 
business, with increased volumes and 
higher margins, offset a further decline in 
demand for graphic papers. Our focus on 
the high-end coated speciality papers in 
the release liner, solid bleached board and 
functional papers categories, allows us to 
leverage our coating expertise. Variable 
costs declined substantially in the past 
year both as a result of lower raw material 
pricing, particularly for paper pulp, and as 
a result of initiatives to reduce usage and 
boost efficiency. Industry demand for 
coated woodfree and coated mechanical 

paper was worse than expected, with 
export markets particularly weak. 

The strong US Dollar continued to impact 
the North American business in 2016, with 
paper prices under pressure throughout 
the year due to the threat of imports. 
However, gains in market share, 
reductions in variable costs, particularly 
wood, and increased dissolving wood 
pulp volumes and prices, led to an 
improved result. The Cloquet pulp mill 
produced both dissolving wood pulp and 
paper pulp for internal consumption in 
the past year in order to maximise the 
profitability of the business. With the risk 
of potential production losses in our South 
African operations due to drought and the 
increasing spread between paper pulp 
and dissolving wood pulp prices, we 
elected to increase production of 
dissolving wood pulp during the year. 
The casting release paper business 
remained affected by weaker demand 
from China and the strong US Dollar. 

The South African paper business enjoyed 
record profitability notwithstanding the sale 
of the Cape Kraft and Enstra Mills in the 
first quarter of 2016. Sales demand was 
strong and average net sales prices rose 
during the year, assisted by the weaker 
Rand/US Dollar exchange rate, leading to 
increased margins. Lower energy costs 
as a result of investments in power 
generation and efficiency gains helped 
offset the import price component of our 
fibre and chemical inputs which were 

12

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
SirS  Nigel Ruudddd
InIndepeendendent nt ChaChairmirmana

Steve Binnnninienieeeenie
Chief Execututtututu iveveveveveve OOfO fifificeficefi rr

Net profit for the year 
increased by 91% to
US$319 million

EBITDA increased 
by 18% to
US$739 million

Our net cash  
generation was
US$359 million

Net debt  
declined to
US$1,408 million

Operating profit excluding 
special items to capital 
employed (ROCE)

%

Net debt to EBITDA 
excluding special items 

Times

Net operating assets

%

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

5

.

7
1

.

4
1
1

.

4
2
1

8

.

0
1

2

.

5

5

4

3

2

1

0

3
4

.

6
2

.

0
3

.

8
2

.

35 

28

9
1

.

37

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2016: US$3,424 million

(cid:81) North America    (cid:81) Europe    (cid:81) Southern Africa

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

13

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Letter to stakeholders continued

impacted by the weaker Rand. The sale of 
the Cape Kraft and Enstra Mills helped 
keep fixed costs flat year-on-year in 
Rand terms.

Growing demand for dissolving wood 
pulp, constrained cotton supply, the 
weaker Rand and good customer 
operating rates have led to improved 
profitability for our specialised cellulose 
business in 2016. Our specialised 
cellulose business was once again the 
main contributor to the group’s success, 
delivering 46% of the group’s EBITDA 
excluding special items at an average 
margin of 36.5%. The Rand/US Dollar 
weakness supported the margins of our 
South African mills and preserved their 
low-cost competitive position. Spot 
dissolving wood pulp prices in China grew 
steadily in the second half of the financial 
year after declining in the second quarter. 
With hardwood paper pulp prices having 
declined for much of the year, the 
opportunity exists to produce more 
dissolving wood pulp at our Cloquet Mill 
should the current differential in pricing 
continue into 2017.

Strategic review
Our strategic 2020Vision was developed 
during the course of 2015, and while 
the core focus remains on improving 
profitability, cash generation and growth, 
we have turned our attention to more 
specific growth targets and aspirations 
over the five-year period. In 2016, we 
achieved all of our short-term targets and 
made significant strides towards the 
2020Vision.

Our strategy encompasses the following 
five main objectives:
 (cid:116) Achieve cost advantages – We will 

work to achieve lower fixed and variable 
costs, increase efficiencies and invest 
for cost advantages.

 (cid:116) Rationalise and optimise declining 

businesses – Recognising the 
decreasing demand for graphic papers, 
we manage our capacity to strengthen 
our leadership position in these 
markets, realising their strategic 
importance to the group and 
maximising their significant cash flow 
generation.

 (cid:116) Grow through moderate 

investments – We will make smaller 
investments in existing areas with strong 
potential growth, including pulp and 
packaging papers.

 (cid:116) Generate cash to strengthen the 

balance sheet – This will reduce risk 
and improve our strategic flexibility.
 (cid:116) Accelerate growth in adjacent 
businesses from a strong base 
– We will look for opportunities for 
growth in fields close to our current 
businesses or processes.

Initiatives and actions undertaken to 
support our strategic objectives are 
outlined below.

Achieve cost advantages
Reducing both variable and fixed costs 
throughout the business is integral to 
improving margins, particularly in 
commodity type businesses such as 
graphic papers, where declining demand 
places additional pressure on margins 
and revenues. The past year saw the 
implementation of a groupwide cost 
reduction project to lower costs through 
greater emphasis on global procurement, 
as well as local projects focused on 
efficiency and raw material usage. We 
have set ourselves a target of achieving 
US$100 million in annual savings by 2020, 
and during 2016 the project delivered 
US$13 million in savings. We have also 
installed three turbines in our Southern 
African operations with a combined net 
capacity of 23MW and have completed 
the investment in the Somerset Mill paper 
mill heat recovery systems. These projects 
will result in lower energy costs for our 
operations. In 2017, we will invest in the 
upgrade of the wood yard at Somerset Mill 
to improve reliability and enhance 
efficiency. We are also focusing on 
lowering our fixed costs through greater 
use of global shared service centres, 
which have been particularly successful 
in our regional businesses. 

Optimise and rationalise declining 
businesses
Graphic paper demand in Europe and 
North America continues to be in 
long-term structural decline. Maintaining 
operating rates and lowering costs, in 
order to maximise cash generation, has 
been our strategy in these markets. In 
Europe, our disposal of the Nijmegen Mill 
in 2014 and actions taken by a number 
of paper producers to reduce excess 
capacity have helped maintain industry 
operating rates in coated woodfree papers 
despite declining demand. In addition, we 
benefited from the conversion by Metsä 
Board of the Husum coated paper mill to 

packaging grades. The coated paper 
previously produced at this mill on behalf 
of Sappi was transferred to our European 
mills and helped improve our coated 
mechanical paper operating rates 
during 2016. 

In a difficult North American market, our 
cost-competitive manufacturing facilities, 
consistent and reliable supply chains and 
excellent service to customers, allowed us 
to increase market share in 2016. The 
focus in the year ahead is to continue to 
optimise our sales mix in the US and 
further lower the cost base. 

Our coating expertise and the growing 
specialities packaging market has led us 
to reallocate some of our coated woodfree 
capacity at our Ehingen, Maastricht and 
Somerset Mills to various grades of 
speciality packaging paper. In the past 
year, our sales have grown by 15% in 
Europe and we have expanded into new 
segments in North America. We are 
evaluating further potential opportunities 
to grow our capacity through additional 
conversions of existing paper machines 
in both regions.

In Southern Africa, we exited the waste-
based packaging paper business via the 
sale of our Enstra and Cape Kraft Mills in 
December 2015 and moved the office 
paper produced at the Enstra Mill to our 
integrated Stanger Mill. 

Grow through moderate investments
While we continue to focus on debt 
reduction and deleveraging in the short 
term, we are constantly looking for 
opportunities to make moderate 
investments in growth areas that can 
achieve improved revenue margins and 
returns. The speciality packaging paper 
market is characterised by a number of 
smaller producers with growing demand 
and reasonable margins. We will look to 
strengthen this business in the coming 
years. Concerns about climate change, 
recycling and the environment are resulting 
in encouraging growth in paper-based 
packaging.

In Southern Africa, we have long-term 
competitive advantages in virgin fibre 
packaging grades and will be making 
further investments at the Ngodwana and 
Tugela Mills over the next few years in 
order to increase capacity and entrench 
our leadership position. In April 2016, we 
completed the upgrade of the recovery 

14

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
boiler at Ngodwana Mill, which has 
increased the capacity of the liquor circuit 
at that mill allowing for increased future 
production. In the coming year, further 
investments will be made at the 
Ngodwana and Saiccor Mills, which will 
boost production of DWP by up to 
50,000tpa at each mill over the next 
two years. 

Generate cash to strengthen the 
balance sheet
Strengthening the balance sheet is an 
important prerequisite in order for Sappi to 
make moderate investments in near and 
adjacent businesses. To this end we sold 
our non-core recycled packaging mills in 
Southern Africa for ZAR600 million. The 
improvement in our operational 
performance and the sale of non-core 
assets enabled us to lower debt by 
US$363 million in 2016 and to reduce 
our leverage to below two times.

At the group level we are also focused 
on optimising our working capital 
management, containing capex to 
US$350 million and repaying and 
refinancing debt when possible in order 
to lower risk and interest costs.

Accelerate growth in adjacent 
businesses from a strong base
As we approached our stated aim to 
reduce our net debt to EBITDA to two 
times, we have focused more on new 
business development. Sappi has a proud 
history of research and development and 
the global trend and need for more 
renewable materials offers an opportunity 
to develop new products and markets for 
products derived from wood chemistry. 
In the past year, we have built a pilot scale 
plant for Cellulose Nano Fibrils (CNF) in the 
Netherlands and have announced the 
construction of a second generation sugar 
extraction demonstration plant at our 
Ngodwana Mill with start-up scheduled 
for early 2017. We have appointed a team 
to drive the commercialisation of R&D 
projects as well as seek collaboration and 
partnerships with other companies. Within 
the next five years we believe that new 
business could contribute as much as 
10% of the group’s EBITDA. 

Looking forward
Demand for DWP remains favourable and 
recent gains in spot prices in China 
indicate that the market is currently tightly 
supplied. We therefore expect higher 
average US Dollar pricing in the first 
quarter of fiscal 2017. The concerns 
regarding possible Saiccor Mill production 
losses due to drought conditions in 
Southern Africa have lessened in the past 
few months after some late winter rains. 
We do not currently foresee any impact 
from drought in the first quarter.

Graphic paper markets continue to be 
weak in Europe and the United States. 
Variable cost reductions in both regions 
continue to be important as prices remain 
under pressure. While the prices of most 
inputs are not expected to continue to 
reduce in the coming year, we believe 
savings in variable costs can be achieved 
as a result of the group procurement and 
efficiency initiatives currently underway. 

We believe that demand for our speciality 
packaging grades will continue to grow 
and we will therefore look to allocate more 
of our graphic paper capacity to these 
products.

The first quarter of our 2017 financial year 
will comprise 14 weeks instead of the 
typical 13-week quarter. This is in order to 
adjust our reporting periods closer to the 
calendar periods. This will result in 
increased sales compared to comparative 
quarters.

Based on current market conditions, in 
particular the recent strengthening of the 
Rand relative to the US Dollar, stronger 
US Dollar pricing for DWP and weaker 
paper demand and pricing in Europe, we 
expect the group’s performance in 2017 
to be broadly in line with 2016.

Capex expenditure in 2017 is expected to 
increase to approximately US$350 million 
as we continue the debottlenecking of 
DWP production at our Ngodwana and 
Saiccor Mills and seek to take advantage 
of our strong growth in speciality 
packaging.

We expect to reduce net debt levels 
further during the course of 2017 and are 
considering utilising some cash reserves 
to repay the maturing 2017 bonds in order 
to lower future finance costs. 

Appreciation 
Our wide and varied stakeholder groups 
have contributed in many ways to our 
development and performance in the 
past year. Our interactions with these 
stakeholders, their ideas, suggestions and 
support guide us and we thank them for 
their contribution.

To our customers who have placed 
enormous trust in us and our ability to 
meet their changing and growing 
requirements, we thank you. We 
undertake to continue to work closely with 
you to ensure we meet both your and our 
needs for value.

Our employees continue to support the 
strategic initiatives of the group and we 
thank them for embracing the values and 
ethics that are so important to good 
corporate citizenship. The initiative and 
resourcefulness of our people make it 
possible to believe we can continue to 
improve on the underlying performance 
of the group in 2016. We also thank them 
for their dedication and hard work.

Our board has continued to provide 
insight and encouragement as we face 
the challenges of growing a sustainable 
business and we thank them for their 
professionalism and guidance.

In October we announced the 
retirement of Mrs Bridgette Radebe and 
Mr Frits Beurskens as independent 
non-executive directors with effect from 
28 February 2017. Bridgette Radebe has 
been a valued colleague for many years. 
We would like to thank her for the 
significant contribution which she has 
made to Sappi since she was appointed 
to the board more than 12 years ago. She 
added a fresh perspective to board 
discussions and her knowledge and 
experience supported the growth of 
Sappi during a crucial period of the 
company’s history. We also wish to thank 
Mr Beurskens for his valuable contribution 
as the Chairman of the Sappi Europe Audit 
Committee and member of the group 
Audit Committee, as well as for the role he 
played on the board during this important 
phase of the company’s development.

In conclusion, we value the support which 
our shareholders have provided as we 
work to enhance sustainable long-term 
shareholder returns. We look forward to 
their participation at the Annual General 
Meeting on 08 February 2017.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

15

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Q & A with the CEO
Steve Binnie

Focus on strategy

We have made substantial progress deleveraging over the past few years and we have refinanced most of our 
high-cost debt.

1    Returns for your dissolving wood pulp 

business continue to be strong. 
What are the short- and long-term 
plans for this business? 
Our major customers have exciting 
long-term growth plans and we aim 
to expand alongside them. The 
long-term growth rates in demand for 
dissolving wood pulp (DWP) are in the 
order of 4-5% per annum and our 
target is to increase production by 
approximately 500,000tpa in the next 
five years. Debottlenecking projects 
to be implemented at both 
Ngodwana and Saiccor during the 
course of 2017 and 2018 will add 
up to 100,000tpa to our existing 
one million tons in South Africa. 
The Cloquet Mill is currently utilising 
approximately two thirds of its 
capacity to produce DWP, with the 
remainder dedicated to hardwood 
paper pulp for consumption on its 
own paper machines. Over time we 
expect to utilise the full DWP capacity, 
providing an additional 100,000tpa. 
As we look beyond the next three 
years, we foresee the need for a 
further investment in DWP capacity. 
We are currently investigating 
opportunities globally that could allow 
us to add 300,000tpa of low-cost 
DWP. Opportunities exist to expand 
our product offering to include more 
high alpha products, as well as 
diversifying our customer base. 

industries around the world for 
renewable, sustainable and 
biodegradable products with a lower 
carbon footprint. We have been a 
participant in the speciality packaging 
sector for a long time, and the 
investments that we are making in 
this business are based on our past 
success in the graphic paper 
business and the expertise we have 
– namely, our ability to be a cost-
competitive global supplier, our 
expertise in coating surfaces for 
printing, and our reputation for 
innovation and quality. At the 
moment, our aim is to provide the 
flexibility to allocate capacity between 
graphic paper, where volume is 
declining, to speciality packaging 
grades, where demand is growing 
and margins are higher. This helps to 
maintain graphic paper operating 
rates, maximise cash generation and 
establish Sappi as a premium global 
supplier of speciality packaging 
paper, while maintaining our leading 
position in graphic paper. We are 
evaluating our graphic paper 
machines in both the US and Europe 
for potential conversion to speciality 
grades. Over time, we see ourselves 
selling over one million tons per year 
of speciality packaging paper to our 
global market from our geographically 
diverse set of mills. 

2   What competitive advantages do you 

have that justify your increased focus 
on and investment in speciality 
packaging paper? 
One of the pillars of our strategy is to 
grow through moderate investments 
in areas that offer growth and 
improved margins. Demand trends in 
speciality packaging are encouraging. 
With increasing concern over climate 
change, and an insistence from 
customers for more paper-based 
packaging, we intend to produce the 
solutions to an increasing call from 

3   You’ve mentioned a global cost-

cutting initiative targeting 
US$100 million in annual savings 
by 2020. From which business 
areas can we expect these savings 
to come? 
Achieving cost advantages through 
improved efficiencies and optimised 
business processes is one of our 
strategic pillars. This will improve 
returns for shareholders, and create 
opportunities to finance growth by 
making more capital available for 
future investments. During 2016 we 
initiated a project to lower costs 

through a greater focus on global 
procurement. To date, we’ve been 
able to realise US$13 million in cost 
reductions over and above our usual 
continuous improvement initiatives. In 
the coming financial year, we expect 
this pace to accelerate in order to 
deliver a further US$50 million 
towards our target of US$100 million 
by 2020. Improvements are expected 
in all three geographies in which we 
operate, and are across a broad 
range of expense categories including 
paper pulp, wood, energy, logistics, 
sea freight and non-fibre raw 
materials. Our investment in shared 
service centres for certain processes 
has proven to be cost-effective 
and we believe more savings can 
be achieved through further 
consolidation of back-office services 
around the world. 

4   You’ve mentioned an EBITDA target 

of US$100 million coming from new 
businesses by 2020. What are the 
new business opportunities at Sappi? 
We’re exploring alternative uses for 
the compounds extracted from our 
trees that aren’t used in the 
manufacture of pulp and paper. Paper 
makers use about 50% of the tree to 
make paper, and the balance, is 
typically used to generate energy to 
power our mills or to sell into the 
electrical grid. In order to achieve our 
2020 targets, we are investing in 
technology and processes to extract 
the high-value renewable chemicals 
and materials from the byproducts 
of papermaking, and support our 
strategy to move into new and 
adjacent markets. For example, the 
lignin in trees can be used as a 
binding agent in many and varied 
applications, from cement to animal 
feed. In the past year, we announced 
the construction of a pilot 
hemicellulose sugars extraction plant 
at Ngodwana Mill. Hemicellulose, 
containing a variety of complex 

16

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
“One of the pillars 
of our strategy is 
to grow through 
moderate 
investments in 
areas that offer 
growth and 
improved 
margins.”

sugars, could provide us with many 
high-value products for sale into a 
wide range of markets, including 
vanillin, furfural and lactic acid. We 
are also exploring the micro- and 
nano-scale potential of woodfibre 
through our nanocellulose pilot plant 
in the Netherlands. Areas of interest 
include the production of automobile 
composites panels and hi-fi speaker 
construction. Car panels containing 
nanocellulose will provide the required 
levels of strength and safety required 
while reducing the weight of the car 
and thereby increasing fuel efficiency. 

5   Now that you’ve reached your net 

debt to EBITDA target of below two 
times, what are your expected debt 
levels and leverage going forward? 
We have made substantial progress 
deleveraging over the past few years 
and we have refinanced most of our 
high-cost debt.

We have cash on the balance sheet 
to repay the last of our high-cost 
debt, which is callable in April 2017. 
Our stronger balance sheet now 
enables us to make moderate 
investments in order to accelerate 

growth. We believe that there are a 
number of opportunities to profitably 
grow both our specialised cellulose 
and speciality packaging businesses. 
With use of the two times net debt to 
EBITDA leverage ratio as our guiding 
principle, we believe that we can 
make these smaller investments 
without going above that target ratio 
for any sustained period of time, and 
perhaps, only briefly while completing 
larger projects. Overall, we expect 
gearing to continue to reduce 
in 2017.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

17

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Where we operate

Produces

27%

of group  
sales

North America

CC
Cloquet

Somerset
S
S
WWWW
Westbrook

Produces

50%

of group  
sales

Europe

Europe
666666666 Paper mills
PapapPaPapPapp
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Sales of
Sales offioffi
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officcofficofficessssescecceficfices
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K
Kirkniemi

Lanakenn
Maastricht

Ehingenn

A
Alfeld
StoS
Stockstadt
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Gratkorn

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6 Sales officeseses

Mills

Southern Africa

Ngodwanaaa

L
Lomati

Produces

23%

of group  
sales

TT
Tugela
Stanger
SS
S
SaS
Saiccor
S

Afr

rica 

Sou
South
tthth
 An n nnrnrnrerheer
222
Paper
millsmilmimmmr mr mer er
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awmill
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Sales of
SS
492,000
000ha

offices

 forests

cellulose mill
specialised cellulose mill

Sappi is a global company focused on providing dissolving wood pulp, paper pulp and paper-based solutions to its 
direct and indirect customer base across more than 150 countries. Our production includes:

Paper per year 

Paper pulp per year 

5.4 million tons

2.3 million tons

Dissolving wood pulp 
per year
1.3 million tons

Globally we have
12,000 
employees

Our dissolving wood pulp products are used worldwide by converters to create viscose 
fibre for fashionable clothing and textiles, acetate tow, pharmaceutical products as well 
as a wide range of consumer and household products. Our market-leading range of 
paper products includes: coated fine papers used by printers, publishers and corporate 
end-users in the production of books, brochures, magazines, catalogues, direct mail and 
many other print applications; casting and release papers used by suppliers to the 
fashion, textiles, automobile and household industries; and newsprint, uncoated graphic 
and business papers, packaging and speciality papers used and protect our customers’ 
products especially in the agricultural sector and speciality papers used in the 
convenience food, confectionery, cosmetic and luxury markets, and tissue products 
for household, medical and industrial use in the Southern Africa region.

The wood and pulp needed for our products is either grown by Sappi, produced within 
Sappi or bought from accredited suppliers. Across the group, Sappi is close to ‘pulp 
neutral’, meaning that we sell almost as much pulp as we buy.

Sappi Trading
Sappi Trading operates a network for the 
sale and distribution of our products 
outside our core operating regions of 
North America, Europe and Southern 
Africa. Sappi Trading also coordinates 
our shipping and logistical functions for 
exports from these regions.

Sales offices
Bogotá, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, 
México City, Nairobi, São Paulo, 
Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney, Vienna

Logistics offices 
Durban, New York

18

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Review of operations – capacity tables

Europe

Mills

Products produced

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)

Paper

Pulp Employees

Alfeld Mill

Ehingen Mill

Gratkorn Mill

Kirkniemi Mill

Lanaken Mill

Maastricht Mill

Stockstadt Mill

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption
Coated and uncoated speciality paper
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp
Coated woodfree paper
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption
Coated woodfree paper
Bleached mechanical pulp for own consumption
Coated mechanical paper
Bleached chemi-thermo mechanical pulp for own consumption
Coated mechanical paper, coated woodfree paper
Coated woodfree paper
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp
Coated woodfree paper, uncoated woodfree paper
Total Europe

North America

Mills

Products produced

Cloquet Mill

Somerset Mill

Westbrook Mill

Dissolving wood pulp
Coated woodfree paper
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp
Coated woodfree paper
Coated speciality paper
Total North America

Southern Africa

Plantations*

Products produced

KwaZulu-Natal
Mpumalanga
Lomati Sawmill

Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)**
Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)**
Sawn timber 
Total forests

Mills

Products produced

Ngodwana Mill
Saiccor Mill

Ngodwana Mill

Stanger Mill

Tugela Mill

Dissolving wood pulp
Dissolving wood pulp
Total specialised cellulose
Unbleached chemical pulp for own consumption 
Mechanical pulp for own consumption 
Kraft linerboard 
Newsprint 
Bleached bagasse pulp for own consumption 
Office paper and tissue paper 
Neutral sulfite semi-chemical pulp for own consumption
Corrugating medium

Sappi ReFibre*** Waste paper collection and recycling for own consumption
Total paper and paper packaging
Total Southern Africa

275

280

980

750

530
280

445
3,540

120

140

250

300

165

145

1,120

5,097

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)

Paper

Pulp

Employees

330

790
40
1,160

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)
Standing
tons

Ha

230
262

10,944
17,536

492

28,480

330

525

855

2,087

m3

Employees

102
102

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)

Paper

Pulp Employees

210
800
1,010
220
110

60

130

132
652
1,662

240
140

110

185

675
675

4,644

(1)  Capacity at maximum continuous run rate.
*  Approximately 140,000ha of our land is set aside and maintained by Sappi Forests to conserve the natural habitat and biodiversity found there.
**  Plantations include owned and leased areas as well as projects. 
***  Sappi ReFibre collects waste paper in the SA market which is used to produce packaging paper.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Product review – Graphic papers, packaging and 
speciality papers and dissolving wood pulp

Graphic papers

Brand managers are increasingly balancing the permanence, versatility, engaging nature and elegance of print with 
the accessibility and immediacy of online media. The roles and expectations of the two media have evolved over the 
last decade and with it, consumer behaviour. People use online media for product news, reviews, shopping hours 
and best buys. However, with print they experience the brand tactilely, making a more personal connection between 
the product, the company and themselves. Printed material is more engaging; more cognisant that it is ‘speaking’ 
to its target audience. It reinforces the message of quality and pride in craftsmanship. The more luxurious and 
expensive the product, the more likely a printed piece will be part of the marketing campaign. These engaging 
publications are a way to build loyalty and trust. 

Publishers, advertising agencies, designers and corporate end-users benefit from Sappi’s quality products, 
innovations, resources and sustainable practices when using Sappi’s graphic papers. 

In FY2016, 66% of Sappi’s sales volume was in four different grades of graphic papers discussed below:

Coated woodfree paper

Description and typical uses

Demand trends

Sales volumes

The uses for coated 
woodfree paper include 
marketing promotions and 
brochures, catalogues, 
calendars, annual reports, 
direct mail, textbooks and 
magazines. In FY2016, 
48% of Sappi’s sales volume 
was in this segment, typically 
through large paper 
merchants.

The shift to digital magazines, 
books, catalogues and 
advertising have all impacted 
demand for graphic papers 
in general. Although global 
demand for coated woodfree 
paper is expected to decline 
1-2% year-on-year, we do 
however, believe that there will 
always be a place for quality 
coated woodfree paper. 

Sappi’s coated woodfree 
paper sales volumes rose 
approximately 2% in 2016, 
while global demand fell by 
approximately 2%.

Description and typical uses

Demand trends

Sales volumes

Coated mechanical paper 
is primarily used in magazines, 
catalogues and advertising 
material. In FY2016, 11% 
of Sappi’s sales volumes 
constituted coated mechanical 
paper. Customers for this 
paper are typically large 
merchants, large printers and 
publishers of weekly magazine 
titles.

Demand for coated 
mechanical paper is more 
closely linked to that of 
demand for magazines and 
as readership, subscriptions, 
circulation, pagination and 
advertising revenue per page 
continues to decrease, and as 
coated mechanical paper is 
replaced with alternative 
grades in order to cut costs, 
demand for this paper is 
forecast to decline more than 
coated woodfree paper.

Sappi’s sales volumes for 
coated mechanical paper 
were approximately 2% lower 
than last year, while the global 
market contracted by 
approximately 8%.

Share of sales
48%

Coated mechanical paper

Share of sales
11%

20

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Uncoated woodfree paper

Description and typical uses

Demand trends

Sales volumes

The uncoated woodfree 
market was relatively stable 
this financial year, with a 
modest decline of 0.5%. 

Uncoated woodfree paper 
is used in business forms, 
business stationery, 
photocopy paper, cut-size, 
preprint, and office paper, 
with certain brands used 
for books, brochures and 
magazines. In FY2016, 5% 
of Sappi’s sales volume 
was made up of uncoated 
woodfree paper. Typically 
large paper merchants are our 
main customers in this sector.

Demand for uncoated 
woodfree paper is expected 
to remain flat. Adoption of 
paperless solutions by 
end-users such as financial 
institutions, large companies 
and healthcare organisations 
is expected to continue as 
companies look at cutting 
costs, and environmental 
groups advocate for less 
paper usage. Demand is 
expected to fall in mature 
markets, but growth is 
expected in emerging 
economies. 

Description and typical uses

Demand trends

Sales volumes

Volumes declined less than 
the overall market due to 
new product development.

Newsprint, 2% of 
Sappi’s sales volume, 
is manufactured from 
mechanical and bleached 
chemical pulp, with uses 
including advertising inserts 
and newspapers. 

Demand for newsprint 
is highly dependent on 
newspaper circulation 
and retail advertising. As 
advertising spend in electronic 
media continues to grow 
worldwide with many 
newsprint titles moving to a 
‘digital-only’ format, South 
Africa has experienced an 
estimated 6% decline in 
demand in 2016.

Share of sales
5%

Newsprint paper

Share of sales
2%

Sappi’s global position –  coated 
woodfree paper 

Capacity
’000 tons

Sappi’s global position – coated 
mechanical paper 

3,810

2,895

APP

Sappi

Verso Corp

UPM

Oji Paper

Stora Enso

Chenming

Lecta (CVC)

Nippon 

Burgo

1,840

1,480

1,325

1,295

1,200

1,165

1,055

960

UPM

Sappi

Burgo

Catalyst Paper

Stora Enso

Chenming

Verso Corp

Resolute FP

Nippon

Leipa

1,230

940

830

650

580

535

530

530

520

Capacity
’000 tons

2,740

0 

500 

1,000 

1,500 

2,000 

2,500 

3,000 

3,500 

4,000

0 

500 

1,000 

1,500 

2,000 

2,500 

3,000

Source: EMGE World Graphics Paper Report, September 2016

Source: EMGE World Graphics Paper Report, September 2016

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

21

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Graphic papers continued

Our markets in 2016 and outlook for 2017

The past financial year for Sappi’s graphic 
paper business was characterised by 
lower volumes and sales prices relative 
to last year, which was more than offset 
by lower costs. Average EBITDA margins, 
excluding special items, rose from 
approximately 7% in FY2015 to 9.5% in 
FY2016. Upgrades to Sappi’s Gratkorn 
Mill’s recovery boiler and finishing room, 
investments in Kirkniemi Mill’s PM3 and 
new multi-fuel boiler as well as upgrades 
to Lanaken Mill’s PM7, have lowered 
Sappi’s cost base at these mills. Additional 
cost-reduction plans have been 
announced including upgrades to the 
debarking units and woodchip processing 
portion of our Somerset Mill. Sappi 
has also identified areas related to 

procurement and logistics, as well as 
further fixed and variable cost savings 
programmes to implement over the next 
few years so as to further entrench our 
competitive cost position. 

During the 2016 financial year, we 
transferred volumes from the Husum Mill, 
the output of which Sappi had previously 
sold on an agency basis to our own mills, 
raising utilisation rates and lowering costs 
at these mills. 

Our aim is to further collaborate with 
and sell directly to our graphic paper 
customers, especially in Europe, in those 
instances where merchants can no longer 
add sufficient value. 

With the communications industry and 
their clients better understanding the 
unique value that print and online 
communications each play in 
communications strategies and the 
marketing mix, it is no longer a case of 
print versus digital but print and digital 
combined. The convenience and 
immediacy of online media with the 
sensory or haptic benefits of paper, offer 
the best solution for many marketing 
campaigns. 

Sappi’s range of graphic papers, technical 
support and service ensures that our 
customers meet their business objectives 
in the best and most affordable way.

Coated free sheet #3, rolls,
60lb/90g

(US$/short ton)

Coated woodfree prices – 100g/m2
sheets Germany

(Euro/metric ton)

1,200

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

600

850

800

750

700

650

Sept
07

Sept
08

Sept
09

Sept
10

Sept
11

Sept
12

Sept
13

Sept
14

Sept
15

Sept
16

Sept
07

Sept
08

Sept
09

Sept
10

Sept
11

Sept
12

Sept
13

Sept
14

Sept
15

Sept
16

  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Source: RISI

  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Source: RISI

22

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Packaging and speciality papers

Speciality and packaging products are an exciting growth area for Sappi. They offer customers an opportunity to 
add value to their products in niche markets where customer demand is more specific and tailor-made. Converters 
and end-use customers choose Sappi’s coated and uncoated speciality paper, such as paper used in flexible 
packaging, for food and luxury packaging for consumer goods and aspirational products, as well as packaging 
paper to protect products. Demand for these papers is growing as a result of the superior print quality and versatility 
the papers offer compared to non-paper options. Converters and customers also appreciate paper’s haptic 
potential: further extending the marketing message of a product’s campaign and creating an all-round sensory 
experience. Packaging and speciality papers can be customised and personalised with printing (both digital and 
litho), varnishing, foiling, embossing and folding. Environmental concerns, governmental regulations and customer 
demands are all contributing in making this segment an exciting growth part of Sappi’s business. 

Sappi offers products and solutions in many different packaging and speciality segments including:

Flexible packaging and label papers

Containerboard

Release liner

* Market sizes are for our specific products.

Description and typical uses

Flexible packaging with 
coated and uncoated paper 
for food and non-food 
applications, such as sachets, 
pouches and wrappers.

Label papers for pressure 
sensitive and wet adhesive 
applications.

Global market size*

 (cid:116) CIS papers
 (cid:116) 1.2mt
 (cid:116) Growth: 2%-3% per annum

Description and typical uses

Containerboard, including 
liner and fluting, for 
corrugated boxes. Sappi’s 
products are found in 
applications like consumer 
packaging, shelf-ready 
packaging and transport 
packaging for agricultural and 
industrial uses.

Global market size

 (cid:116) Coated white topliner
 (cid:116) Kraft linerboard and fluting
 (cid:116) 1mt
 (cid:116) Growth: 1%-2% per annum

Description and typical uses

Release liner with silicon-
base papers for self-adhesive 
applications, such as graphic 
art applications with outdoor 
advertisement and car 
wrapping; process, adhesive 
tapes and office material. 

Global market size

 (cid:116) CCK graphic arts
 (cid:116) 300kt
 (cid:116) Growth: 6% per annum

Functional papers

Rigid packaging

Technical papers

Description and typical uses

Functional papers that offer 
highly efficient paper-based 
solutions with integrated 
functionality, like paper with 
barriers against mineral oil 
residuals, oxygen, water 
vapour and grease as well 
as sealing properties.

Global market size

 (cid:116) Barrier and grease 
resistant papers

 (cid:116) Unlimited

Description and typical uses

Rigid packaging, such as 
solid bleached board and 
folding boxboard for luxury 
packaging with more graphic 
applications. Packaging for 
cosmetic, perfume, 
confectionery and premium 
beverages use our products.

Global market size

 (cid:116) SBS printing and 

converting

 (cid:116) 4.7mt
 (cid:116) Growth: 2% per annum

Description and typical uses

Technical papers for 
interleaving and thermal 
coating, for example tickets 
for boarding pass and 
concert/stadium tickets.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

23

 
G r o u p   o v e r v i e w

Packaging and speciality papers continued

Casting and release papers

Description and typical uses

Casting and release papers 
used by suppliers to the 
fashion, textiles, automobile 
and household industries. It is 
used in the manufacture of 
synthetic leather and 
decorative laminate products, 
creating textures that make 
designs come to life.

Tissue paper

Description and typical uses

Tissue paper used for toilet 
tissue, kitchen towels, 
serviettes and medical and 
industrial wipes. 

In 2013, Sappi undertook a €60 million 
rebuild of PM2 at Alfeld Mill, converting 
the coated woodfree paper machine to 
coated specialities in order to support 
growth in this market. Alfeld Mill is now 
producing 100% speciality papers and 
boards, and in the last two years we have 
made additional investments to further 
improve quality. In line with our growth 
strategy and to meet increasing market 
demand, we have also undertaken 
production upgrades at our Maastricht 
Mill, focused on producing packaging 
boards, and our Ehingen Mill to produce 
topliner. Packaging and speciality papers 
are also made in North America at our 
Somerset and Cloquet Mills and at Tugela 
and Ngodwana Mills in Southern Africa. 
We are investigating further conversion 
and debottlenecking opportunities in each 
region as we seek to expand sales in this 
growing higher margin segment and 
concurrently match capacity to demand 
in the declining graphic paper market. 
See Q&A on page 16 for more detail.

Our strengths in this key product segment 
include being a trusted partner working 
together with brand owners at inception 
and delivering premium product quality 
and service; being an innovative 
packaging company with over 30 years of 
experience and research in papermaking 
and coatings; and lastly, being a strategic 
partner with a global footprint. 

Sappi is geared to serve diverse customer 
markets with smart sustainable solutions 
for lightweight packaging that can be 
recycled and is biodegradable. 

Our markets in 2016 and outlook 
for 2017
Demand for Sappi’s wide range of 
products continues to grow in the 
speciality packaging market, reflecting the 
increasing needs from the food packaging 
industry which is responding to customer 
requests for more sustainable and 
environmentally friendly packaging 
solutions. We estimate global demand is 
growing at approximately 3% per annum. 
However, in 2016, with new high-margin 

business, our European sales grew by 
14%. Pricing for our products was largely 
stable compared to last year, but the 
improved volumes and lower costs led to 
a significant increase in margin. In the 
US, Sappi’s LusterCote and LusterPrint 
products also had an excellent year, 
growing by 43%, but from a low base. 

Sales of casting and release papers were 
constant compared to last year, with weak 
casting demand from China, offset by 
growing panel sales in Europe. With the 
launch of new patterns towards the end 
of 2016 we aim to increase sales to the 
important Chinese market in 2017 and 
develop new markets and end-uses 
outside of China.

In the containerboard market in Southern 
Africa, a strong fruit and vegetable season 
boosted sales and the weaker Rand 
assisted pricing in 2016. Most of Sappi’s 
containerboard sales are into the 
agricultural market, which is expected 
to grow by 4-5% per annum going 
forward.

Lightweight coated
60g/m2 offset reels

(Euro/metric ton)

Unbleached kraft liner – 175g/m2
CIF Germany

(Euro/metric ton)

760

720

680

640

600

800

600

400

200

Sept
07

Sept
08

Sept
09

Sept
10

Sept
11

Sept
12

Sept
13

Sept
14

Sept
15

Sept
16

Sept
07

Sept
08

Sept
09

Sept
10

Sept
11

Sept
12

Sept
13

Sept
14

Sept
15

Sept
16

  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Source: RISI

  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Source: RISI

24

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Dissolving wood pulp

Sappi produces dissolving wood pulp (DWP) in Southern Africa and North America. When converted to viscose 
staple fibre (VSF), DWP is a natural substitute in many applications for cotton and polyester and this is used in the 
manufacture a wide range of consumer products, including in textiles for fashion clothing and household linen. 
Sappi is the world’s largest manufacturer of DWP and exports almost all of the production from our Saiccor and 
Ngodwana Mills in Southern Africa and Cloquet Mill in the United States. DWP can also be processed into products 
used in food and beverages, health and hygiene products, wrapping and packaging, pharmaceuticals and many 
more applications that touch our daily lives. 

Based on the growth rate in the overall 
textile market (driven by factors such as 
population growth and wealth effects) and 
the move towards more comfortable, 
environmentally friendly natural fibres, we 
expect long-term growth of 4-5% per 
annum for DWP.

In order to meet this growing demand we 
expect to further invest over the next four 
to five years in a number of projects to 
increase our DWP capacity. In 2017, 
Sappi will be adding up to 100,000tpa 
capacity through debottlenecking projects. 
We also have the ability to increase DWP 
production at our Cloquet Mill by utilising 
its swing capacity. In the longer term, we 
foresee adding an additional 300,000tpa 
capacity to meet growing customer 
needs. More detail on these projects can 
be found in the Q&A section on page 16. 

Market prices for DWP are determined by 
a number of factors. Approximately a 
quarter of current DWP capacity has the 
ability to switch between various fluff and 
paper pulp grades and DWP. Sappi’s 
Cloquet Mill has the ability to swing 
between NBHK (Northern Bleached 
Hardwood Pulp) and DWP. The decision 
to switch is usually based on the pricing 
differential between the particular paper 
grade pulp and DWP. DWP is typically 
priced at a premium due to the lower yield 

per ton of wood and lower throughput 
when producing DWP. When the gap 
widens, paper pulp producers may elect 
to enter the DWP market, which tends to 
limit the DWP price, and when the gap 
narrows the converse occurs. Textile 
prices influence DWP prices as this 
determines the maximum affordable price 
our customers can bear. Lastly, the DWP 
supply and demand balance as well as 
the availability and pricing of alternative 
sources of cellulose to the VSF market, 
such as cotton linter pulp, can affect the 
market price for dissolving wood pulp. 

Our markets in 2016 and outlook 
for 2017
Demand for VSF, and therefore DWP, 
continues to be linked to the growth in the 
overall textile market, approximately 3.5% 
in China over the prior year. 

However, Sappi’s sales volumes in 2016 
were 4% lower than those in 2015 due to 
lost production at Saiccor Mill as a result 
of the drought in KwaZulu-Natal early in 
the financial year, as well as an extended 
annual maintenance shut at Ngodwana 
Mill as the recovery boiler was upgraded. 
In 2017, we will proceed with 
debottlenecking investments at the 
Southern African DWP mills and the 
flexibility of being able to swing production 
at the Cloquet Mill between paper pulp 

Imported hardwood dissolving 
wood pulp

(US$/metric ton) CIF China

and DWP, based on the pricing differential 
between hardwood paper pulp and 
dissolving wood pulp. Barring any further 
impact from drought, we forecast an 
increase in sales volumes in 2017. 

Spot prices for DWP in China peaked at 
US$901/ton in November 2015 and then 
declined to a low of US$830/ton by 
February 2016. This was caused by a 
decline in paper pulp prices which 
encouraged swing producers to switch 
to DWP in that period. Demand for DWP 
grew 8.6% in the first seven months of 
calendar 2016, well in excess of the 
overall demand growth for VSF, of 
approximately 3%. As a result of increased 
demand for DWP, higher VSF and cotton 
textile prices and improved VSF operating 
rates, the spot price for DWP increased 
significantly from March 2016 onwards, 
with September’s average price being 
US$939/ton. In 2017, additional DWP 
supply capacity is expected to come into 
the market as a result of conversions from 
various paper pulp grades and there is 
already evidence of decreasing VSF 
prices. The combination of these two 
factors is likely to result in declines in 
pricing from the current levels of 
US$990/ton in China. 

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

Sept
07

Sept
08

Sept
09

Sept
10

Sept
11

Sept
12

Sept
13

Sept
14

Sept
15

Sept
16

  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Prices are list prices. Actual transaction prices could differ from prices shown.
  Source: CCF group
  Source: CCF group

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

25

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key relationships

Proactive, constructive stakeholder engagement is at the heart of our drive to integrate sustainability into our 
everyday business processes. We engage with those stakeholders who have the most material impact on our ability 
to implement our business strategy and achieve our goals, as well as those who are most affected by our activities. 
Building relationships with them in a spirit of trust and mutual respect enables more tangible business value creation 
and by understanding stakeholder rights, needs and expectations, integrating their inputs, as well as measuring and 
monitoring our activities, we ensure alignment with our strategic goals. 

Recognising the strong link between 
stakeholder inclusiveness and materiality, 
we use stakeholder engagement as a tool 
to assist in the identification and 
prioritisation of material issues. Materiality 
takes into account substantial economic, 
environmental and social factors in 
addition to financial factors. By 
determining our most material issues 
through stakeholder engagement, we 
clarify and confirm the strategic themes 
that ascertain our most significant risks 
and opportunities and manage 

expectations and priorities, thereby 
facilitating our licence to operate, 
enhancing our organisational effectiveness 
and, ultimately, driving the long-term 
success of our business.

Sappi’s main stakeholder groupings, per 
our Group Stakeholder Engagement 
Policy, are set out below, together with 
selected examples of engagement 
undertaken during the reporting period. As 
a global business, with our products sold 
into more than 150 countries, our ability to 

connect with stakeholders as One Sappi, 
motivated by our revised mission, strategy 
and shared values, gives us a clear 
advantage and for our stakeholders a 
connection they can trust to add value. 
Our management approach, areas of 
mutual interest, ongoing avenues of 
engagement and the value added by 
our stakeholder engagement processes 
are set out below. Details of specific 
stakeholder engagement can be found 
in our 2016 group Sustainability Report, 
available at www.sappi.com.

Employees

Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Management approach
We will continue to invest in future 
talent while challenging our 
people so that they are able to 
seize the opportunities presented 
by a changing global 
environment. We make resources 
available to enable our people 
to grow intellectually, fulfil their 
potential and bring new ideas to 
fruition.

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Strategy, priorities and 

performance of the company
 (cid:116) Internal and external activities 
of the company, our staff and 
our communities

 (cid:116) Organisational developments, 

particularly in respect of 
restructuring

 (cid:116) Ongoing training and skills 

development

 (cid:116) Creation of a dynamic and 
encouraging environment 
through a focus on safety, 
health, wellness and 
recognition programmes
 (cid:116) Commitment to sustainability
 (cid:116) Group values and Code 

of Ethics.

Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

 (cid:116) Engaged employees are 
pivotal to the success of 
our business – alignment 
with our strategic direction 
enables our people to 
contribute more positively 
to the business as well as 
their personal and career 
development

 (cid:116) Build our human capital, 
thereby helping to enable 
delivery of our 2020Vision

 (cid:116) Build a base of the 

technical skills needed by 
our industry

Our group and regional CEOs engage with staff 
through regular site visits, presentations and 
discussions; suggestion lines exist at some facilities, 
and unions have formal channels through which they 
engage with management.

We encourage full engagement between managers 
and their staff. Other avenues of engagement include:
 (cid:116) Global, regional and local newsletters 
 (cid:116) Our global Intranet
 (cid:116) Letters, roadshows and presentations by the group 

CEO as well as regional CEOs

 (cid:116) Operating unit meetings, briefings and workshops
 (cid:116) Various forums (SA)

 – National Employment Equity and Learning Forum
 – Shop Steward Forum
 – National Partnership Forum
 – Transformation Steering Committee

 (cid:116) Global Employee Engagement Survey (every 

second year)

 (cid:116) Wellbeing committees at mills and business units
 (cid:116) Health and safety committees at mills
 (cid:116) In addition to the global Technical Innovation 

Awards, there are regional recognition awards: 
SEU – the annual Coryphaena awards; SNA – the 
quarterly Risk Taking and Ingenuity awards; 
SSA – the Excellence in Achievement (EAA) 
awards; Sappi Trading – the Gold SMART Award. 
Globally, there is also the Sappi Limited CEO Award 
for Excellence

Ongoing training and development initiatives, training 
targets in each region.
Targeted training and engagement programmes in 
each region regarding sustainability.

26

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Unions

Communities

Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Management approach
Given today’s extremely 
challenging global economic 
conditions and the current 
socio-economic dynamics in the 
Southern African labour market, 
we prioritise our relationship with 
our employees and their 
representatives. Protecting the 
right to freedom of association 
and collective bargaining are 
fundamental to the manner in 
which Sappi does business. 
Globally, approximately 60% of 
our workforce is represented by 
unions, with 71.5% covered by 
collective bargaining agreements.

Areas of mutual interest
In addition to meeting with local 
union leadership for the purposes 
of remuneration, working hours, 
and other conditions of service as 
well as resolving grievances, the 
company relies on local unions 
to help with safety and wellness 
initiatives, as well as various 
forms of community outreach. 

Management approach
Having a mutually respectful 
relationship with the communities 
in which our business is situated 
is critical to our success. 
We work to incorporate the 
communities close to our 
operations into our journey of 
intentional evolution, which 
recognises the importance of 
conserving natural resources, 
uplifting people so that they are 
well positioned to thrive in our 
increasingly interconnected 
world.

Social projects are reviewed on 
a case-by-case basis and we 
encourage projects which 
facilitate partnerships and 
collaboration between 
communities, government 
and the private sector.

Areas of mutual interest
Key issues discussed on a 
regular basis include water usage 
and quality, effluent quality and 
air emissions, employment, 
job creation and business 
opportunities, economic and 
social impacts/contributions 
and community support.

Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

 (cid:116) Meaningful engagement 
on a number of issues 
affecting both business 
and employees 

 (cid:116) Improved relationships
 (cid:116) More stable labour force
 (cid:116) Enhanced productivity

 (cid:116) Enhance our licence to 

operate

 (cid:116) Promote socio-economic 
development which could, 
in the long term, lead to 
increased demand for 
our products
 (cid:116) Initiate real social 

mobilisation and change 
to enable people to create 
their own opportunities and 
benefit from locally focused 
projects 

SEU: Negotiations occur at the various country and 
industry-specific collective labour associations, 
and the contract terms range from one to two years. 
The labour framework in Europe consists of works 
councils and collective labour agreements and differs 
from country to country.

SNA: The majority of our hourly employees – 
generally production unit employees – are represented 
by the United Steelworkers (USW) union, but 
employees are also represented by various craft, 
guard and railroad unions. In this region, labour 
agreements are usually for three years.

SSA: Our wage negotiations with recognised trade 
unions take place at the Pulp and Paper and 
Sawmilling Chambers under the auspices of the 
Bargaining Council for the Wood and Paper Sector 
in South Africa, and our agreements are generally 
annual.

We also engage on broader issues with the 
recognised trade unions at the National Employment 
Equity and Skills Development Forum, the Shop 
Steward Forum and the National Partnership Forum.

There are various formats of community engagement 
meetings held by our mills in the regions where they 
operate. These range from broad liaison forums for 
business, local government and communities to 
legally mandated environmental forums which form 
part of the licensing conditions of mills. 

We also engage with local communities through 
support of and sponsorship for local events and 
initiatives, and we encourage employees to participate 
in outreach and community projects. 

In Southern Africa, Sappi works with local 
government and communities to accelerate 
afforestation as a strong rural economy development 
opportunity. In particular expansion in the northern 
region of the Eastern Cape shows great promise. 
This allows Sappi to secure valuable hardwood timber 
resources close to Saiccor Mill in KwaZulu-Natal. 
Sappi has also invested in supporting social 
mobilisation in its communities thereby helping to 
break the cycle of poverty. The initiative empowers 
and supports them to create opportunities for income. 
The project, initially launched in nine communities, has 
seen significant success over its first two years and 
will now be expanded to other Sappi communities. 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

27

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key relationships continued

Customers

Industry 
bodies

Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Management approach
We adopt a partnership 
approach, whereby we develop 
long-term relationships with 
global, regional and local 
customers. We also 
accommodate more transactional 
customers.

We offer customers innovative 
products and high levels of 
service that enable them to meet 
the needs of the rapidly changing 
world of tomorrow. We also 
review our go-to-market strategy 
where relevant to ensure that 
we align our interests and the 
interests of our end-users.

Where relevant, we will also 
conduct R&D and develop 
products to suit the specific 
needs of a customer.

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) High service levels 
 (cid:116) Information and campaigns to 
promote speciality paper and 
paper packaging, print-based 
communication, dissolving 
wood pulp as well as new 
biomaterials

 (cid:116) Provision of technical 

information and support to 
our paper, packaging and 
specialised cellulose 
customers

 (cid:116) Information about 

organisational developments, 
and the fibre sourcing and 
production processes behind 
our brands

 (cid:116) New products that meet 
rapidly changing market 
demand.

Management approach
We partner with industry and 
business bodies to provide input 
into issues and regulations that 
affect and are relevant to our 
businesses and industries. 

We also support and partner 
with industry initiatives aimed 
at promoting the use of our 
products. 

Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

The group follows an approach of regular engagement 
with customers by senior and executive management 
in support of the ongoing engagement by the relevant 
sales and marketing teams. In North America, we also 
meet annually with the Sappi Merchant Association. 

 (cid:116) Meet customers’ needs for 
products with an enhanced 
environmental profile
 (cid:116) Promote our customers’ 

own sustainability journeys

 (cid:116) Heightened awareness 
of the importance of 
sustainability

 (cid:116) Keep abreast of market 

developments

 (cid:116) Showcase our products

Globally: Targeted communication campaigns to help 
promote the value of paper-based packaging, casting 
and release papers as well as print-based 
communication. 

Examples include support for the TwoSides 
organisations in Europe, North America, South 
America, Southern Africa and Australia and the Print 
Power campaign in Europe. Also, participation in 
industry forums and events regarding dissolving 
wood pulp.

Trade shows and exhibitions.

Technical support through the Sappi customer portal 
as well as the newly released Sappi website 
www.sappi.com. 

We annually host customer and investor visits to 
the mills.

Technical centres of excellence for each product 
range. These are located at Saiccor and Cloquet Mills 
for dissolving wood pulp; the Alfeld Mill Competence 
Centre for Speciality Wood Papers and Paper 
Laboratory; Westbrook Mill for casting and release 
papers and the Maastricht, Westbrook and Pretoria 
technology centres for coated paper. The Pretoria 
Technology Centre is also the centre of excellence 
for paper pulp. 

Sappi is a member of various industry and business 
associations in each region.

SEU
 (cid:116) Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) 
 (cid:116) Eurograph
 (cid:116) The alliance of energy-intensive industries 
 (cid:116) The Two Team Project – (focusing on breakthrough 
technology concepts in the industry which could 
enable a more competitive future)

 (cid:116) European joint undertaking on biobased industries 
 (cid:116) TwoSides and PrintPower

SNA 
 (cid:116) American Forests and Paper Association (AF&PA)
 (cid:116) Paper and Paper Packaging Board
 (cid:116) Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance
 (cid:116) Sustainable Packaging Coalition (SPC)
 (cid:116) Forest Products Working Group 
 (cid:116) TwoSides

 (cid:116) Sappi is able to create and 
launch new products which 
already meet Sustainable 
Packaging Coalition criteria, 
which is beneficial to us 
on a cost basis and a 
sustainability basis
 (cid:116) Maintain and expand 

markets for our products
 (cid:116) Demonstrate the value-add 

of the forest products 
industry

 (cid:116) Dispel myths and promote 

understanding of our 
industry

 (cid:116) Work with other companies 
through collective initiatives 
to support societal change 
and deal with societal 
challenges

28

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

Industry 
bodies continued

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Issues that affect the 

SSA 
 (cid:116) Paper Manufacturers’ Association of South Africa 

sustainability of our industry – 
woodfibre base, carbon taxes, 
energy and emissions etc
 (cid:116) Energy issues in general and 
in particular government 
proposals on carbon taxation 

 (cid:116) The impact of increased 
regulations on business
 (cid:116) The benefits of our industry 

and our economic contribution 
to society

 (cid:116) Social and environmental 

credentials of our products.

(PAMSA)

 (cid:116) Business Unity South Africa
 (cid:116) Business Leadership South Africa
 (cid:116) The CEO Initiative
 (cid:116) Manufacturing Circle 
 (cid:116) Forestry South Africa
 (cid:116) TwoSides

Sappi Forests is a founding member of the Tree 
Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP) based 
in the Forestry and Bio-technical Institute (FABI): 
www.fabinet.up.ac.za at the University of Pretoria. 
Through the TPCP we are also members of 
the internationally collaborative programme 
BiCEP (Biological Control of Eucalyptus Pests: 
http://bicep.net.au/) at the Australian Centre for 
Industrial and Agricultural Research (ACIAR).

We also belong to the Eucalyptus Genome Network 
(EUCAGEN) based at the University of Pretoria and to 
CAMCORE, an international, non-profit organisation 
dedicated to the conservation and utilisation of 
sub-tropical and tropical tree species.

Sappi Speciality Papers is a member of the Save 
Food initiative which aims to eliminate food waste and 
loss globally.

Investors

Management approach
Our aim is to provide investors 
(shareholders and bondholders) 
and analysts with transparent, 
timely, relevant communication 
that facilitates informed decisions. 

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Information on the company 

strategy

 (cid:116) Return on investment
 (cid:116) Transparent information about 
risks, opportunities and ESG 
performance.

Our investor relations (IR) team engages with 
shareholders and analysts on an ongoing basis. 
This team has direct access to the executive directors 
and any issues shareholders raise that would be 
relevant for the board are channelled through the 
IR team. Our Chairman also engages with 
shareholders on relevant issues.

 (cid:116) Understanding of our 
strategic direction
 (cid:116) Enhanced reputation
 (cid:116) Greater investment 

confidence 

 (cid:116) Broader licence to invest

We also conduct ad hoc mill visits and road shows, 
and issue announcements through Stock Exchange 
News Services (SENS), in the press and on our 
website www.sappi.com. 

We publish our Annual Integrated Report and 
sustainability report on the company website. 

Shareholders can attend and participate in the AGM 
as well as the four quarterly financial results briefings.

Our CFO and Head of Treasury engage with 
bondholders, banks and rating agencies on an 
ongoing basis regarding the performance of the 
company.

We participate in the Carbon Disclosure and Forest 
Footprint Disclosure projects every year, making our 
submissions publicly available to investors who ask 
for these specific ESG disclosures.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

29

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key relationships continued

Suppliers and 
contractors

Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Management approach
We are committed to establishing 
mutually respectful relationships 
with our suppliers, encouraging 
them to join our commitment to 
the 3Ps, and to creating an 
environment that shares our 
commitment to doing business 
with integrity and courage, 
making smart decisions which 
we execute with speed. We 
aim to build long-term value 
partnerships.

We work with our contractors to 
ensure that they follow Sappi 
safety systems and rules.

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Transparent information
 (cid:116) Forest certification
 (cid:116) Increased value and decreased 

costs

 (cid:116) Security of fibre supply, income 
generation and job creation.
 (cid:116) Common safety standards with 

contractors

Civil society 
(media)

Management approach
We maintain an open relationship 
with the media, believing that an 
informed media is better able to 
serve public reporting and debate 
on any issue.

We continue to update the media 
regarding our strategic shifts to 
extract value from woodfibre in 
line with future trends.

We engage with civil society 
organisations on issues of mutual 
interest.

We are members of key 
organisations relevant to 
our operations.

Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

In North America and Southern Africa, our 
foresters work extensively with contractors and 
communities, on a number of sustainability issues. In 
Southern Africa we work actively with our contractors 
on safety issues in particular.

 (cid:116) Improve supplier relations 
 (cid:116) Better understanding of 
the requirements of the 
Sappi group

 (cid:116) Security of woodfibre 

supply

 (cid:116) Expanded basket of 

certified fibre

 (cid:116) Better safety performance 

from contractors

In Europe, a joint sourcing partnership has been 
established with SCA which assists in negotiating 
better terms with timber and other suppliers.

In addition to Sappi’s internal woodfibre certification 
efforts, we promote certification among our suppliers 
and outside our own operations. 

SNA’s ongoing forest management services and 
supplier outreach programmes help to increase 
certified lands in areas that supply fibre to its mills. 
SNA was the first pulp and paper company in North 
America to be granted a group forest management 
certificate by the FSC. Small landowners who agree 
to become a member of SNA’s forest management 
group have their land certified in accordance with the 
FSC standard under this certificate. SNA’s Sustainable 
Forestry Programme assists woodlot owners in the 
state of Maine to develop plans for managing and 
harvesting woodlands.

Launched in 1983, Project Grow (Khulisa Umnotho), 
a tree-farming scheme that gives subsistence farmers 
the opportunity to participate in the forestry industry, 
creating sustainable livelihoods in rural areas, fostering 
economic growth and entrepreneurship. These 
growers range from small individual growers to larger 
community projects. We have now expanded Khulisa 
Umnotho to the northern part of the Eastern Cape.

We join key credible organisations as members.

We develop personal relationships and engage on an 
ongoing basis.

We provide support to and sponsorship for key 
organisations on issues of mutual interest.

In Europe and North America, we maintain 
close engagement directly and through our industry 
body CEPI with the FSC and WWF® International. 
In Europe, also with the Programme for the 
Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC™).

In North America, Sappi is a member of the 
economic chamber of both FSC US and SFI®. 
As such, we actively engage with these organisations 
through a variety of working groups and committee 
activities. 

In Southern Africa, Sappi is a member of the local 
WWF and Birdlife organisations as well as FSC.

As fire is a key risk on our plantations, we belong to 
a number of fire protection associations. 

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Ongoing avenues of engagement 

Value add

 (cid:116) Opportunity to inform 
and educate media
 (cid:116) Transparent, two-way 
communication and 
opportunity for dialogue
 (cid:116) Support for the valuable 
work of various NGOs

In South Africa, the Centre for Environmental Rights 
(CER) published a follow-up report on their 2015 
review of corporate reporting and non-compliance 
with environmental legislation based on their review of 
information contained in the National Environmental 
Compliance and Enforcement Reports (NECER) of the 
Environmental Management Inspectorate (EMI) of the 
Department of Environment Affairs (DEA). Their 2016 
report can be found at http://fulldisclosure.cer.org.za/
company/sappi. They commended Sappi for 
providing much more disclosure in its 2015 reports. 
They also noted “Sappi is to be commended for this 
reference to the NECER and the mention therein of 
the inspection at the Sappi Saiccor Mill. The 
clarification that no official report has been received 
from the DEA is helpful, in particular in that it explains 
why the details of the alleged non-compliances have 
not been disclosed.” This remains the situation.
As in our 2015 report we confirm that we had taken 
note of the CER’s comments and their request for 
increased transparency. We remain committed to 
aligning our reporting to any mentions in the NECER. 
We also continue to engage with authorities regarding 
all issues of environmental compliance.

Consultations take place on an ongoing basis with 
government departments and regulatory bodies in 
each region.

 (cid:116) Opportunity to promote 

understanding of the issues 
and challenges we face and 
resolve certain challenges.

Civil society 
(media) 
continued

Our stakeholder group, 
management approach and areas 
of mutual interest

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Business developments
 (cid:116) The future of our industry
 (cid:116) Our contributions to our 

communities 

 (cid:116) Our work to protect the 

environment.

Government 
and regulatory 
bodies

Management approach
We engage with government 
departments and regulatory 
bodies to provide input into 
issues and regulations that affect 
our industry. We also engage with 
regional and local governments 
and local authorities to obtain 
support for our operations and 
show how our activities 
contribute to local economic 
and social development.

Areas of mutual interest
 (cid:116) Energy issues in general and in 
particular government moves 
on carbon taxation 

 (cid:116) The impact of increased 
regulations on business
 (cid:116) The social and economic 
benefits of our industry 
nationally as well as at a 
local level.

Value add distributed among our stakeholders and reinvested in the business

US$ million

2016

8

5

33

26

54

2015

12

5

57

2014

10

27

4

59

(cid:81)(cid:3)To employees as salaries, wages and other benefits    
(cid:81)(cid:3)Reinvested to grow the business     
(cid:81)(cid:3)To lenders of capital and interest    
(cid:81)(cid:3)To governments as taxation    

(cid:81)(cid:3)To employees as salaries, wages and other benefits    
(cid:81)(cid:3)Reinvested to grow the business     
(cid:81)(cid:3)To lenders of capital and interest    
(cid:81)(cid:3)To governments as taxation     

(cid:81)(cid:3)To employees as salaries, wages and other benefits   
(cid:81)(cid:3)Reinvested to grow the business     
(cid:81)(cid:3)To lenders of capital and interest     
(cid:81)(cid:3)To governments as taxation    

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our global sustainability goals

In line with our One Sappi strategic approach and 2020Vision, in 2015 we established ambitious global sustainability 
targets. Regional targets are aligned to these goals.

The base year is 2014, with five-year targets from 2016 to 2020. Capital spend budget over five years will be used to determine targets 
in various elements.

Our performance in 2016, together with commentary, is set out below:

Prosperity

Global target

ROCE

People

Global target

LTIFR (combined own and 
contractor employees)

2014 
base

10.8%

2014 
base

0.53

2016 
performance

2015/2016
% change

2020 
goal

17.5%

62% improvement

12% ROCE minimum

2016 
performance

2015/2016
% change

2020 
goal

0.46

4.3% improvement

Target zero LTIFR 
with minimum 10% 
improvement year-on-year

Sustainable engagement

Not measured

Not measured  
(2015: 74%)

N/A

76%

Planet

Global target

Energy efficiency  
(specific thermal energy)

Certified fibre

79%

73%

6% decrease

2014 
base

2016 
performance

2015/2016
% change

2020 
goal

22.92GJ/adt

23.17GJ/adt

1.1% increase

5% improvement over 
the period

Maintain or improve 
percentage

Prosperity
ROCE: The 62% improvement on our 
2014 base reflected the ongoing 
successful implementation of our One 
Sappi strategy and 2020Vision is highly 
encouraging. The ongoing viability of our 
business and generation of value for all 
our stakeholders depends on our ability 
to generate profits.

People
Safety: Globally, while there was no 
significant improvement in the own 
employee lost time injury frequency rate 
(LTIFR), there was an improvement in 
contractor LTIFR, resulting in a 4.3% 
improvement in the combined LTIFR. 
However, this was tragically 
overshadowed by four fatalities in 
Southern Africa involving one 
employee and three contractors

Sustainable engagement: Surveys are 
held every second year, which means the 

next one will be held in 2017. We are 
currently implementing solutions to the 
gaps identified during the 2015 survey.

Planet
Specific thermal energy (STE): The 1.1% 
increase in STE/GJ/adt meant that we 
did not achieve our goal, due mainly to 
increased energy intensity in Southern 
Africa. This in turn was due to greater 
use of coal and heavy fuel oil at Saiccor 
Mill, as well as problems with the 
lignosulphonate spray dryer at Tugela Mill. 
Note that we previously indicated that our 
STE goal was 21.05GJ/adt. This has been 
changed as reflected in the table above, 
in line with the changes to our energy 
reporting described on page 42 of this 
report.

Certified fibre: We did not achieve our 
goal in 2016, with the percentage being 
73% against a target of maintaining or 
exceeding our 2014 base of 79%. This 

was due to the following reasons: in 
Europe, we are finding there is a push 
back against certification by sawmills, that 
are finding certification requirements 
increasingly onerous; in North America, 
the decline was driven primarily by a 
change in production strategy at Cloquet 
Mill, which involved a change from buying 
100%-certified market pulp to making our 
own pulp (doing so means we are limited 
to the amount of certified fibre available in 
the local wood basket), and in Southern 
Africa, where our owned and leased 
plantations are 100% FSC®-certified, the 
amount of certified fibre supplied to our 
mills declined slightly, from 83% in 2015 to 
82%. The 1% decrease was the result of 
using less of our own woodfibre because 
of the drought, having to buy it in and 
being limited by the amount of certified 
fibre available.

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Our key material issues

The issues set out on the following pages are challenges in our operating environment that we believe may have a 
material impact on our business by affecting the value we create for stakeholders. 

Governance
Material issue: a sound ethical culture
Background
Our reputation, built up over 80 years, is one of our most important assets, and one of the most difficult to rebuild should it be 
negatively impacted. Accordingly, driving a strong ethical culture is both a moral responsibility and a business imperative.

Our response
In 2016, we launched a revised Code of Ethics which incorporates the new Sappi values (At Sappi we do business with integrity 
and courage; making smart decisions which we execute with speed), which includes specific policies that guide employee 
behaviour and incorporates practical examples of possible scenarios which employees might encounter.

The Code has now been translated into the various Sappi languages (English, German, Dutch, Finnish and Zulu) and distributed 
to all Sappi mills and offices. The roll-out of regional awareness campaigns was accompanied by communications materials 
including a brochure, posters, letters to stakeholder groups, newsletter and training video and presentation slides.

These campaigns followed the 2015 roll-out of the One Sappi Mission, Strategy, 2020Vision and Values. A dipstick survey 
conducted in August 2016 indicated a positive attitude towards the values campaign rolled out in 2015. Of the 4,804 staff 
members who took part, approximately 80% responded positively (strongly agree or tend to agree) with the statement: ‘I am 
sufficiently informed about Sappi’s values.’

Prosperity

Material issue: costs
Background
In the highly capital intensive pulp and 
paper industry, cost containment is a key 
pillar of competitive advantage.

Our response
In recent years, we have embarked on a 
number of cost and efficiency projects at 
our mills, including:
 (cid:116) A new multifuel boiler at the Kirkniemi 
Mill, capable of firing coal, internal and 
external biomass, which has reduced 
energy costs by approximately 26% 
per annum

 (cid:116) The gas pipeline at Somerset Mill which 
enables the mill to switch selectively 
between gas, biomass or oil for energy 
generation

 (cid:116) Improved lime preparation, also at 

Somerset Mill, which has sped up the 
recommencement time after an annual 
shut

 (cid:116) An increase in capacity of the pulverised 
fuel power boiler at Ngodwana Mill, and

 (cid:116) A rebuild of the pulp line as well as 

paper machine (PM11) at Gratkorn Mill 
in order to enhance paper quality, 
increase the operating windows of the 
mill’s biggest paper machine and 
enhance the potential grammage range.

In FY2016, we also embarked on 
a number of efficiency projects:
 (cid:116) New turbines at Tugela and Saiccor 

Mills

 (cid:116) A new woodyard at Somerset Mill
 (cid:116) Following an investment in Stanger Mill 
of approximately US$2 million in the 
mill’s paper machine in 2015, in FY2016 
we invested a further US$4.7 million in 
the sheeting and finishing operations 
with a focus on speed, increasing the 
throughput of our finished A4 products, 
as well as improving the packaging 
quality of our products to further benefit 
our customers, and

 (cid:116) In Europe, we allocated US$22.7 million 

for mill upgrades which will be 
completed by the end of 2016. 
At Lanaken Mill, the gate-roll coater 

on PM7 is being replaced with a 
state-of-the-art film-press coater. With 
additional adaptations to the drying 
system and coating preparation, the 
rebuild paves the way to add weight to 
the first coating. The investment will 
enable PM7 to produce the entire 
portfolio of grades, without 
compromising on web profile, coating 
coverage and paper properties. 
Kirkniemi Mill is undergoing a variety of 
modifications to its PM3 to increase 
energy efficiency and further improve 
quality consistency through better basis 
weight and moisture profiles.

As part of our ongoing goal of continuous 
cost reductions, our latest formal 
programme focuses on procurement and 
efficiency savings. The intention is to 
reduce costs by US$100 million per 
annum by FY2020 off the FY2015 cost 
base. We plan to achieve this by:
 (cid:116) Working to strategically identify those 
areas of our global spend, such as 
chemicals, purchased pulp and 
technical goods and services which will 
produce important cost savings through 
a global sourcing approach

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

33

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key material issues continued

 (cid:116) Applying the strategic sourcing process 
and category management principles to 
reduce costs across all third-party 
spend areas, and

 (cid:116) Identifying and adopting best in class 
procurement tools and practices.

Material issue: declining demand 
in some of our traditional markets
Our aspirational 2020Vision sets out a 
range of medium-term targets with the 
end goal of substantially increasing 
EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, 
depreciation and amortisation) by the 
conclusion of 2020. Expanding our 
product portfolio underpins this aim. 
Our response in terms of our targeted 
business segments is set out below.

Packaging
Background
A recent report, World Packaged Food – 
Market Opportunities and Forecasts, 
2014–2020, indicates that by 2020, the 
packaged food market is expected to 
bring in revenue of US$3.03 trillion, 
registering a compound annual growth 
rate (CAGR) of 4.5% from 2015 to 2020(1).

Our response
Our target earnings from our packaging 
division is 25% of EBITDA by 2020. Our 
expertise in the food packaging market 
gives us a competitive edge, as does the 
growing demand for environmentally 
sound packaging.

In FY2016, in Europe, we launched the 
following speciality products:
 (cid:116) Building on the success of Algro® 

Guard, a product family designed to 
enhance the ability of packaging to 
protect food products and improve their 
safety while simultaneously removing 
steps from the production process, we 
launched Algro Guard OHG, a new 
high-barrier paper-based packaging 
solution. Algro Guard OHG provides 
integrated barriers that prevent the 
migration of oxygen and water vapour 
into packaged products and also make 
packaging production simpler and more 
efficient by eliminating the need to apply 
special coatings or lamination. This 
paper meets the market demand for 
alternatives to foil and plastics, reducing 
both costs and environmental footprint.

 (cid:116) We also enhanced our leading position 
in silicone base papers in the European 
pressure sensitive adhesive market with 
new additions to the range of Algro Sol 
silicone base papers. We introduced 
lower grammages for Algro Sol SNC 
in the form of 82, 85 and 98g/m². 
Produced on the mill’s PM2, they are 
suitable for office applications, offering 
high volume, good mechanical strength, 
consistent thickness and outstanding 
siliconisation properties.

Previously, the mill produced only 
high-quality matt and silk graphic 
papers with single to triple coatings. 
As a result of the production of Fusion in 
Ehingen Mill and the associated further 
quality development, a slightly adapted 
range of product weights is now offered. 
In addition to 130 and 140g/m2, Fusion 
is now available in 135g/m2 and, for the 
first time, 110g/m2. This offers 
corrugated card processors even more 
options and creative possibilities, and

Sappi’s Algro Guard family of 
products has recently been awarded 
The German Packaging Award 2016 
in the New Materials category. The 
award-winning new materials from 
Sappi’s functional papers product 
group are Algro Guard OHG and 
Leine® Guard M. The packaging 
awards were announced at a 
ceremony on 27 September 2016 at 
Fachpack in Nuremberg, Germany. 
The jury praised Sappi’s sustainable 
paper packaging solutions, which 
offer innovative integrated barrier and 
heat sealing properties otherwise 
only achievable with multi-layer films. 
The jury also noted the exceptional 
tactile properties and excellent 
printability of the Sappi Guard 
product family.

 (cid:116) We expanded our corrugated raw 
material product line by offering 
corrugated paper (fluting) and topliner. 
The bright white Fusion® topliner is the 
primary topliner product, while the 
cartonboard Algro Design and the new 
folding carton atelier™ can also be used 
as topliners. Weights from 90 to 
400g/m2 are available. In Europe, Sappi 
now also offers the corrugating medium 
Ultraflute®, which is manufactured in 
South Africa for the global market.

In response to the high demand for 
Fusion topliner, we expanded 
production from Alfeld Mill to include 
production at Ehingen Mill.

  Following the conversion of the Alfeld 
Mill into a centre of excellence for 
specialities and board, and the scaling 
up in production of folding box board 
at Maastricht Mill, Ehingen Mill is now 
Sappi’s third European production site 
for special papers and board. 

 (cid:116) In this region, we are also developing 
barrier solutions for corrugated card. 
The mineral oil barrier liner, Leine Guard, 
has already undergone successful 
market testing as an inner liner.

In North America
 (cid:116) We launched Neoterix™ST, the first 

commercial casting and release paper 
with Sharklet™ bacteria-inhibition 
technology. The new release paper is 
the first of its kind which creates 
surfaces that inhibit bacterial growth 
without the use of toxic additives or 
chemicals. The product is the first in our 
new Neoterix™ line and will be available 
to customers globally under the name 
Neoterix ST from 2017.

  As with all Sappi’s release papers, 

Neoterix ST acts as a mould for coated 
fabric and laminates. It is used to 
transfer texture and gloss onto these 
surfaces and is then stripped away. 
According to a published study in 
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection 
Control, when applied to high touch 
surfaces, the microtexture reduced 
surface contamination of methicillin-
sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 
(MSSA) and methicillin-resistant 
S aureus (MRSA) by as much as 97% 
and 94% respectively, compared to 
controls.

 (cid:116) We expanded our LusterCote® 

packaging line to offer heavyweight 
options – 70, 80 and 95lb. Produced 
at Cloquet Mill, these products 
offer superior performance for offset, 
flexographic and gravure printing, 
including wide-format, multi-colour 
sheetfed presses. In combination with 
LusterCote 55 and 60lb, the new 
grades also extend Sappi’s offering for 
cut and stack labels.

(1)  http://www.foodprocessing.com/industrynews/2015/global-packaged-food-market-by-2020-will-be-a-3-03-trillion-industry/

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Graphics paper
Background
News, entertainment, and information is 
increasingly consumed via computers, 
tablets, and phones instead of paper.

Despite the enormous migration to 
electronic media, neuroscience 
research shows that paper-based 
content and advertisements offer 
special advantages in connecting 
with our brains. This is highlighted by 
a recent article in Forbes magazine(2) 
which cites a report showing that 
direct mail is easier to process 
mentally and tests better for brand 
recall.

According to the report, direct mail 
requires 21% less cognitive effort to 
process than digital media (5.15 vs 
6.37), suggesting that it is both 
easier to understand and more 
memorable. Post-exposure memory 
tests validated what the cognitive 
load test revealed about direct mail’s 
memory encoding capabilities. When 
asked to cite the brand (company 
name) of an advertisement they had 
just seen, recall was 70% higher 
among participants who were 
exposed to a direct mail piece (75%) 
than a digital advert (44%).

Our response
We recognise that the graphics paper 
market is in decline, but maintain that 
paper is a renewable and recyclable 
product that, when manufactured from 
woodfibre originating in responsibly 
managed forests and plantations like ours, 
is an environmentally sustainable, powerful 
medium. We manage our capacity to 
strengthen our leadership position in this 
market, realising its strategic importance 
to the group and maximising its significant 
cash flow generation. Accordingly, we 
continue to develop and enhance our 
portfolio of products to meet the needs 
of customers who recognise the value 
of print.

In Europe, in addition to high performance 
offset printing, our Magno® Plus Gloss and 
Plus Silk high-bulk products are now fully 
certified for use on HP Indigo digital 
presses – certification which eliminates 
the need for duplicated stocks, ensuring 
production flexibility between offset and 
digital processes.

In North America in FY2016
 (cid:116) We announced the addition of McCoy® 
Gift Card 28pt to our McCoy line. The 
McCoy paper brand’s premium surface 
and printability allow for a variety of 
stand-out printing techniques, including 
heavy colour saturated imagery, 
embossing, foil printing and spot gloss. 
McCoy gift cards have also been 
engineered for high bond strength to 
satisfy tape, hot glue and authorisation 
mechanisms, including scratch-offs, bar 
codes and magnetic strips. Additionally, 
McCoy gift cards’ multi-layer structure 
is optimised for clean-edge, die-cut 
quality, while the paper stays flat and 
even through processing, with no 
feeding issues. Printer feedback from 
product trials has been very positive, 
citing McCoy as one of the best 
performing paper gift cards on the 
market.

 (cid:116) We also made several recent product 
and service enhancements to our 
Opus® and Flo® product lines, including:
–   Increased sheet brightness on Opus 

to 94

–   Increased sheet brightness on Flo 

to 90

–   The addition of 120lb cover options 

to the Flo product line, and

–   Faster availability of size options on 

Flo products.

Sappi North America is a founding 
member of the Paper and Packaging 
Board, an industry-wide initiative under 
the auspices of the US Department of 
Agriculture to take steps to stem the 
decline of paper and grow paper-based 
packaging demand. The roughly 
US$20 million consumer campaign, 
‘How Life Unfolds’, was launched in 
July 2015 and has already had a 
measurable improvement in industry 
awareness and reputation among target 
consumers.

In 2016, in conjunction with Intertek, 
we developed a composite called 
Symbio which is based on cellulose 
fibres found in trees and 
polypropylene. Cellulose fibres can 
significantly increase the rigidity of 
plastic despite keeping weight low, 
whilst at the same time giving the 
material renewable properties. Higher 
rigidity also means a potentially lower 
carbon footprint, as less materials 
are used.

The product is intended for standard 
injection moulding and extrusion 
processes. The use of fillers in plastic 
is already normal, but using these 
cellulose fibres instead of the 
traditional fillers reduces the weight 
by approximately 15%. Mixing 20% 
to 50% of the cellulose fibres with 
polypropylene increases the stiffness. 
The end product can be easily 
coloured and the fibres are not 
visible. It will initially be available with 
20% and 40% cellulose content. 
We see further possibilities to use 
this technology for car interiors, 
furniture, consumer electronics 
and toys.

Dissolving wood pulp (DWP)
Background
The market demand for the use of 
cellulosic fibres is increasing across a wide 
spectrum of applications and sustained 
growth is expected for cellulose fibres in 
the industrial application over the next five 
years, according to a recent report(3). The 
report finds that the apparel and home 
textile application segments of this market 
are expected to witness a compound 
annual growth rate of 9.66% and 9.62%, 
respectively. The popularity of cellulosic-
based fibres is based on their high levels 
of absorbency, breathability and softness, 
as well as wash and wear characteristics.

Their environmental credentials, when 
compared with petroleum-based fibres, 
also contribute to their growing popularity.

In Southern Africa, we continued to focus 
on our core market brands like the 
well-known Typek® office brand which has 
a high bagasse (sugar cane waste residue) 
content and offer our customers a range 
of papers from Sappi Europe in line with 
our One Sappi strategy.

A potential shortage of cotton supply is 
expected to accelerate demand for DWP. 
The International Cotton Advisory 
Committee (ICAC) is forecasting a supply 
deficit in the 2016 season, on the back 
of El Niño and changing Chinese cotton 
policies. China has historically supported 

(2)  http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerdooley/2015/09/16/paper-vs-digital/#7afd38ba1aa2
(3)  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/feats/login.asp

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

35

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key material issues continued

spinners with a rebate on domestically 
purchased cotton. The policy was 
amended in 2014, to subsidise cotton 
farming. However, only one province was 
offered subsidies, as China looked to 
unwind its stored inventories. Accordingly, 
Chinese cotton supply is estimated to 
have decreased by 6.5% year-on-year in 
2015 and is forecast to decrease a further 
27% year-on-year in 2016(4).

Our response
Textiles are the primary market for our 
DWP, which is sold globally for use in 
viscose staple fibre (rayon) and solvent 
spun fibres (lyocell), and we continue to 
supply smaller quantities into the other 
DWP market segments. Sappi is the 
world’s biggest producer of DWP and 
we expect global demand for textiles 
continuing to grow, particularly in markets 
such as China, India and Indonesia, due 
to increasing population growth and 
affluence in these regions. Forecasts by 
Oxford Economics put Asia’s share of 
world GDP in real US Dollar purchasing 
power parity at nearly 45% by 2025, up 
from 23.2% in 1990(5).

Against this backdrop, we will be 
expanding our DWP capacity at 
Ngodwana and Saiccor Mills by up to 
50,000tpa at each mill, beginning 
in FY2017.

In light of our expansion plan and given 
that, in Southern Africa, our DWP is 
based on eucalyptus fibre, the suspension 
of the draft genus exchange regulations 
is a welcome move. The Department of 
Water and Sanitation (DWS) had intended 
to use the draft regulations to force timber 
growers to firstly apply for a licence or 
amendment to a licence, when switching 
genera and more importantly, insist on a 
blanket 30% reduction in plantation area, 
when switching from pine to eucalyptus. 
Forestry South Africa (FSA), supported by 
the Department of Agriculture, Forestry 
and Fisheries (DAFF) had for many years 
contested these requirements and 
appointed a consultant based at the 
Council for Scientific and Industrial 
Research (CSIR) who established a 
significant error in the initial calculations on 

which the draft regulations were based. 
Their error can be demonstrated in the 
following hypothetical example:
 (cid:116) A grassland uses a hypothetical 
100mm of rainfall per annum
 (cid:116) It is planted to pine which uses a 
hypothetical 110mm of rainfall 
(10% more than the grassland)
 (cid:116) It is subsequently converted to 

eucalyptus, which uses 113mm of 
rainfall (13% more than the grassland 
and 30% more than the pine)

 (cid:116) DWS erroneously concluded that the 

area would therefore have to be 
reduced by 30% due to the eucalyptus 
using 30% more than the pine, and
 (cid:116) They should instead have required only 
a 3% reduction in area, as this would 
bring the water use back to 10% more 
than the grassland and the same level 
as the pine which it replaced.

The consultant’s findings have been 
substantiated and it is highly unlikely 
that the regulations will be reinstated. 
Accordingly, FSA is advising members that 
they can switch genera on at least a 1:1 
area basis – a development we welcome.

Adjacent markets: nanocellulose, 
sugars and lignins
Nanocellulose
Background
The raw material for nanocellulose, 
woodfibre, is abundant. Furthermore, 
nanocellulose is not only lightweight, it has 
very high tensile strength (eight times that 
of steel), the crystalline form is transparent, 
gas impermeable and it is highly 
absorbent when used as a basis for 
aerogels or foams.

The nanocellulose market is projected to 
register a market size in terms of value of 
US$250 million by 2019, signifying an 
annualised compound annual growth rate 
of 19% between 2014 and 2019(6).

Demand and value are forecasted on the 
basis of various key applications of 
nanocellulose, such as composites and 
packaging, paper and paper board, 
biomedicine, and other applications, 
including as a viable alternative to 
expensive high-tech materials such as 
carbon fibres and carbon nanotubes.

Our response
In 2015, we announced our development 
of a patented, low-cost nanocellulose 
process in conjunction with Edinburgh 
Napier University. This process uses 
unique chemistry whereby wood pulp 
fibres can be easily broken down into 
nanocellulose without producing the large 
volumes of effluent associated with 
existing techniques using high amounts of 
energy. In addition, the chemicals used in 
the process can easily be recycled and 
reused without generating large amounts 
of effluent.

Last year, we also announced that we 
would be developing this energy-saving 
process in a pilot-scale plant at 
Brightlands Chemelot Campus in 
Maastricht, the Netherlands.

The nanocellulose pilot plant has 
experienced a number of challenges 
mainly due to equipment deliveries. 
Nonetheless, with a number of innovative 
solutions we commissioned phase I of the 
pilot plant in March 2016. This allowed 
the team to manufacture microcellulose 
(CMF) of excellent quality when compared 
to our competitors. The highlight for the 
team was the ability to produce adequate 
quantity of the product to run a successful 
paper machine trial at one of our mills.

Phase II was delayed due to late 
equipment delivery from a few suppliers 
although our target for the final 
commissioning remains the end of 
December 2016 with further optimisation 
in early 2017 to produce a dry 
redispersible nanocellulose (CNF).

Biobased materials
Background
The key components of woodfibre include 
cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and 
extractives. Both cellulose and 
hemicellulose are polysaccharides 
containing many different sugar monomers 
which can be extracted from pulping 
streams. This offers opportunities with 
strong, growing market demand for 
renewable biochemicals from non-food 
sources as companies intensify their 
search for ‘green’ products that offer 
enhanced sustainability and also offer 
product value chains with a lower carbon 
footprint.

(4)  Source: Avior Capital markets
(5)  http://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/economy/asia-pacific-economic-outlook/2016/q1-asia-economic-growth-continues.html
(6)  http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/nanocellulose.asp

36

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proactive

achieving milestones

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next phase – growth

 
Our response
One of the pillars of our strategy is to 
move into new adjacent business fields 
based on renewable raw materials, 
ie biomaterials and bio-energy to extract 
more value from the production 
processes. In July 2016, we established 
a new business unit, Sappi Biotech, to 
take global responsibility for the 
commercialisation of new products.

For example, we are looking into ways 
to use the sugars (as well as lignin and 
organic acids) extracted from the wood 
during the pulping process, including 
entering into partnerships to modify these 
extracts into higher value products for use 
in a wide variety of applications.

The biorefinery process for second 
generation hemicellulose sugars at Sappi 
involves recovering them from the 
prehydolysate liquor and then separating 
them from the associated lignin and 
organic acids. There are various levels of 
processing and purification depending on 
end uses. The products we are targeting 
include sugar alcohols such as xylitol 
(a low-energy sugar substitute), lactic acid 
(used in the production of polylactic acid 
(PLA), a renewable plastic), glycols (the 
main applications being for the production 
of PET for plastic bottles) and unsaturated 
polyester resins and other products.

Second generation sugars are attractive 
because they do not compete with first 
generation sugars which are sourced from 
agricultural crops. This is extremely 
important because of a rapidly growing 
global population and worldwide pressure 
on agricultural resources.

The construction of a second generation 
sugar extraction demonstration plant at 
Ngodwana Mill in South Africa will begin in 
2017, with the feedstock supplied from 
the DWP line. The demonstration plant 
will make it possible to study the next 
generation dissolving wood pulping 
process and test new ideas at mill scale. 
The main features which we hope to 
demonstrate include increasing production 
output, higher DWP quality, lower 
operating costs and a new optimised 
hydrolysate revenue stream. The products 
from the demonstration plant will assist in 

the development of various beneficiation 
options for the different DWP lines 
operated by Sappi.

Components of woodfibre

%

23

1
1

30

45

Our response
Our R&D initiatives focus on consolidating 
and growing our position in our targeted 
market segments; driving cost 
competitiveness and cost reduction; as 
well as optimising our equipment and 
forestry assets.

Our total R&D spend in 2016 was 
US$26 million including spend of 
approximately US$7 million on our 
Exciter programme which focuses on 
core business (Exciter I) and new and 
adjacent business (Exciter II).

Cost versus value of 
Exciter projects

US$’000

(cid:81)(cid:3)Cellulose 
(cid:81)(cid:3)Hemicellulose  
(cid:81)(cid:3)Lignin

(cid:81)(cid:3)Resins
(cid:81)(cid:3)Inorganics

Bio-energy
Background
As the world looks to move away from 
fossil-based fuels in view of the need to 
reduce carbon footprint and mitigate 
global warming, so bio-energy is 
becoming increasingly important.

Our response
In South Africa, the government’s 
Renewable Energy Independent Power 
Producer Programme (REIPPP) is the 
result of the national need to increase 
energy capacity and reduce carbon 
emissions. Sappi submitted the Energy 
Biomass Project at Ngodwana Mill to 
REIPPP and was selected as preferred 
bidder. The project involves the supply 
of biomass from local plantations to 
Ngodwana Mill. This is then used as boiler 
fuel to produce steam which in turn would 
generate 25MW of electrical energy which 
would be fed into the national grid. We are 
still waiting for regulatory approval.

Material issue: innovation
Background
The world is increasingly recognising the 
value of products based on woodfibre, 
so that opportunities are opening up to 
supply products, processes and services 
based on this renewable, biodegradable 
natural resource.

d
e
r
e
v

i
l

e
d

l

e
u
a
v
/
t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n

I

220,000
200,000
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0

5
0
0
2

6
0
0
2

7
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

9
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

1
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

3
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

5
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

Fiscal year

(cid:81)(cid:3)Total (cost) 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Total (value)

In FY2016, the focus for Exciter I projects 
(core business) was on cost reduction, 
developing new products and optimisation 
of current processes. Over the past year, 
in addition to working on spray blade 
coater and stock preparation 
development, we focused on:
 (cid:116) Cost reduction through novel 

innovations for the paper industry

 (cid:116) Processing in our pulp and paper mills, 
including the potential inclusion of lower 
cost species in the timber furnish for 
DWP pulp production and ongoing work 
on the economic feasibility of sugar 
extraction

 (cid:116) The evaluation of disruptive processes 
or technologies for DWP manufacture 
and/or conversion

 (cid:116) Improving our DNA Fingerprinting 

Platform which has been in commercial 
use since 2008, and

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

37

 
 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key material issues continued

 (cid:116) Breakthrough papermaking processes, 
including cost-effective concepts for 
coated fine paper by significantly 
decreasing variable costs and the use of 
CMF/CNF in papermaking.

Exciter II (new business) is primarily 
focused on new technologies in adjacent 
areas to the current business. In FY2016, 
we focused on:
 (cid:116) The development of products for 

adjacent markets, including paper for 
plastic projects which focused on 
delivering renewable raw materials and 
biodegradable products as alternatives 
to plastic products

 (cid:116) Biorefinery, as well as organic acids and 

lignin platforms, and

 (cid:116) New commercial revenue streams in the 
release field and active and intelligent 
packaging as well as the development 
of fibre-based composites.

People

Material issue: safety
Background
Safety is not only an ethical issue, but also 
a business issue which can impact 
productivity, costs and reputation.

Our response
We regret to report that tragically, there 
was one employee and three contractor 
fatal injuries during the year in Southern 
Africa. The severity of these accidents 
was reflected in the increased Injury Index 
(II) for own employees and contractors.

There was no significant improvement in 
the own employee LTIFR of all regions 
during FY2016, although there was an 
improvement in contractor LTIFR. All 
regions recognise that we will not improve 
our safety record by treating safety in the 
same way we have done so in the past. 
Consequently, in 2017, all regions are 
introducing new safety initiatives in 
order to significantly improve safety 
going forward.

In Southern Africa, Sappi Forests 
commissioned consultants from Finland 
and New Zealand to spend two weeks 
each in the forestry operations to evaluate 
practices and make recommendations 

for improvement. During 2017, the region 
will be embarking on a Twice as safe 
programme to halve the number of 
accidents by 2020.

The programme will involve all employees 
in manufacturing and forestry from the 
CEO down, to line management, 
supervisors, trade unions and health and 
safety representatives. The programme, 
which will be facilitated by an industrial 
psychologist, will address issues like 
fatigue, communication, risk tolerance and 
at risk behaviour. Contractors will be 
involved in all safety decisions and the 
Sappi Forests division will also focus on 
forestry contractor supervisor training and 
a chainsaw operator evaluation, gap 
analysis and a retraining programme.

Material issue: labour relations
Background
Sound labour relations are important 
in creating a harmonious working 
environment, enhancing productivity and 
maintaining a healthy turnover rate.

Our response
The Sappi employment landscape 
includes interaction with trade unions at all 
our manufacturing sites across the group. 
This interaction is based on transparent 
communication and mutual respect.

Sappi promotes freedom of association 
and engages extensively with 
representative trade unions. Globally, 
approximately 60% of Sappi’s workforce 
is unionised, with 71.5% belonging to a 
bargaining unit.

Overall, FY2016 was characterised by 
amicable, but tough negotiations, and 
relatively good relationships with organised 
labour across the geographies.

In Europe, approximately 72% of our 
employees belong to a union and are 
represented through work councils. 
European work councils meetings take 
place twice a year at which Sappi is 
represented by the Chief Executive Officer 
and Human Resources Director. The main 
purpose of the meetings is to inform and 
consult on business results/market 
developments and pan-European 
organisational topics.

The overall labour relations climate in this 
region continued to be constructive. We 

concluded a collective labour agreement 
(CLA) at Kirkniemi Mill and are engaging 
with local union leaders to conclude a CLA 
at Maastricht Mill. The CLAs for the other 
mills are due for review in 2017.

In North America, approximately 65% of 
our employees are members of a union 
and there are 11 collective bargaining 
agreements with hourly employees 
in place.

There were no major disputes in this 
region. During FY2016, we settled labour 
agreements with trade unions at 
Somerset, Cloquet and Westbrook Mills, 
the security union at the Somerset Mill and 
the two small railroad unions at Cloquet 
Mill. These new agreements contain 
economic provisions similar to those 
negotiated with the production workers 
at all three mills during FY2015.

In Southern Africa, approximately 47% of 
the total workforce is unionised. In 2015, a 
new recognition and threshold agreement 
was concluded with the majority union, 
the Chemical Energy, Paper, Printing, 
Wood and Allied Workers Union 
(CEPPWAWU). However, this agreement 
requires the majority union to maintain a 
membership threshold of 50%+1 which 
is currently not the case.

The labour relations climate in Southern 
Africa was volatile, mainly due to trade 
union rivalry. However, the mills continued 
to enjoy labour stability owing to ongoing 
positive engagement with union leadership 
facilitated by structures such as the 
National Partnership Forum which includes 
senior members of management and 
senior union leaders. They hold regular 
meetings where business, safety and 
union challenges are discussed.

While collective bargaining during FY2016 
was extremely tough, we once again 
successfully concluded wage negotiations 
without industrial action in all sectors – 
forestry, pulp and paper, as well as 
sawmilling.

Material issue: investing in 
communities
Background
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 
investment can enhance a company’s 
social licence to operate; build reputation 
and employee morale; help establish 

38

one sappi – intentional evolution

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next phase – growth

 
customer loyalty and attract talent. 
Community investment is particularly 
important in Southern Africa, given that 
it is a developing country and that our 
plantations and operations are situated in 
rural areas where economic and social 
development lags behind more urbanised 
sectors.

Our response
Sappi’s CSR policy (see separate 
committee paper) provides a global 
framework used by each operating region 
to guide local activities. The policy reflects 
community need, government priorities 
and business strategy as well as global 
developments including the emergence 
of sustainability/CSR standards and 
reporting.

Projects are aligned with and support 
business priorities and needs, taking into 
account feedback from our stakeholders.

In each region where we operate, we 
invest in three key stakeholder groups: our 
customers, communities and employees. 
While each region has its own programme, 
these conform to common themes which 
are aligned with our business needs and 
priorities and which include education, 
local community support, the environment 
and health and welfare. We encourage 
employees to participate in outreach and 
community projects.

In addition, support for activities 
associated with access to Sappi land and 
conservation efforts, such as biodiversity 
and species mapping, mountain biking 
and recreational birding continues to grow.

The fact that Sappi is headquartered and 
listed in South Africa, coupled to the 
significant development needs of the 
country, dictates a higher focus on CSR 
activities by Sappi in Southern Africa.

Our CSR initiatives in 2016 are described 
in more detail in our group sustainability 
report, available at www.sappi.com, but a 
snapshot is set out below to give an 
overview of these initiatives.

In conjunction with Natuur en Bos, Sappi 
Europe continued with their employee-led 
tree-planting programme, planting a 
further 4,000 saplings in the Forêt de 
Soignes in Belgium. This brings the total 
number of trees planted by the group 

to over 16,000 since the initiative started 
six years ago.

Now in its 17th year, the annual Ideas that 
Matter (ITM) programme in North America 
continues to provide financial support to 
designer applicants who create and 
implement print projects for social impact. 
The programme is open to North 
American designers who have partnered 
with a non-profit organisation and 
developed a communication campaign 
that is ready for implementation. This 
year’s winning projects were chosen for 
the effective way they address pressing 
social issues including rural healthcare and 
pharmaceutical misuse, literacy, childhood 
development and the importance of play, 
education and leadership in war-challenged 
international communities, girls and youth 
development and traumatic health issues 
for children and their families.

Since 1999, the ITM grant programme has 
funded over 500 non-profit projects and 
has contributed more than US$13 million 
to a wide range of causes that use design 
as a positive force in society.

To encourage more engagement and 
involvement from employees, in 2017 
we will be launching an employee ITM 
programme.

In Southern Africa:
 (cid:116) There is a proven causal link between 
early childhood development and 
success and wellbeing later in life. 2016 
was the third year of our ECD project in 
KwaZulu-Natal, which covers 25 sites 
through the Training and Resources in 
Early Education (TREE) organisation, 
with the project expanding to include 
an additional 18 sites from the end 
of 2016. In Mpumalanga province, the 
development of an ECD Centre of 
Excellence at the Sappi Elandshoek 

community through Penreach is 
delivering strong results. We have also 
extended the ECD programme in 
Gauteng, with 50 practitioners in 
50 ECD centres per year undergoing 
training through Jabulani Training and 
Development.

 (cid:116) We continue to support five Protec 
branches in Sappi communities 
(maths and science classes for over 
1,000 students in grades 10, 11 and 12) 
as well as the KwaDukuza Resource 
Centre.

 (cid:116) Possibly the highlight of the year under 
review was the success of our youth 
development project called Abashintshi 
(‘the Changers’ in Zulu), implemented 
in conjunction with a development 
communication agency. The project 
involves using young people from the 
rural communities living in and around 
our operations across KwaZulu-Natal 
to mobilise their communities to take 
charge of their own futures instead of 
waiting for work or development to 
arrive from outside, in line with the 
asset-based community development 
(ABCD) model. The programme began 
with 18 young volunteer men and 
women in 2015 and has now expanded 
to include 36 people.

  Over the last two years, these 

36 change agents have reached more 
than 18,500 people in their respective 
communities. Overall, almost 
330 people have been taught some 
basic business skills which has resulted 
in more than 120 micro enterprises 
either starting up, or being rejuvenated. 
The Abashintshi have also mobilised 
communities to become involved in fire 
prevention with significant results – the 
average number of fires in 2016 is the 
lowest in six years.

Social investment spend in 2016 and budgeted spend for 2017

Total

Europe

Spend 2016

Budget 2017

US$98,200

US$90,900

North America (ITM US$250,000)

US$577,362

US$580,000

Southern Africa

US$2.5 million

US$3.85 million

Additional once-off spend by Sappi Forests 
on capex items for villages including solar 
geysers, etc

US$1.36 million

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

39

 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key material issues continued

Planet

Material issue: woodfibre
Background
The global demand for woodfibre is 
expected to increase for the foreseeable 
future, driven partly by the demand for 
wood pellets rather than finite fossil fuels 
as a green energy source. This is 
expected to accelerate as more and more 
countries commit to mitigation actions on 
climate change. In 2015, global wood pulp 
prices climbed past the previous peak 
from 2011, which was the highest price 
point in more than 30 years(7).

In addition, climate change has the 
potential to seriously impact our fibre 
base. In all three regions where Sappi 
operates, climate change could alter 
the frequency and intensity of forest 
disturbances such as insect outbreaks, 
invasive species, wildfires, and storms. 
These disturbances could reduce forest 
productivity and change the distribution 
of tree species.

Given that woodfibre is a key input to our 
manufacturing operations, maintaining 
continuity of supply and containing costs 
is integral to our sustainability as a 
business.

Our response
In Europe, we mitigate fibre supply risk 
through shareholdings in wood sourcing 
cooperatives and in this region and North 
America, through a combination of 
approaches which include both short- and 
long-term wood supply agreements.

In North America, we recently announced 
a US$25 million capital project to update 
Somerset Mill woodyard. This project will 
allow the mill to modernise the wood 
debarking, chipping and chip distribution 
systems, thereby improving reliability, 
reducing white wood losses and costs 
while enhancing efficiency gains through 
the increased production of wood chips. 
The improved quality will decrease the 
cooking time within the digester, while the 
increased chip volumes mean the mill will 
no longer purchase woodchips from the 
external market.

The commissioning of the new system will 
be complete by the end of November 
2017, following a temporary woodyard 
shutdown for installation. Specifically, 
upgrades will be made to the log infeed, 
debarker, chipper, chip transfer system, 
woodroom controls and bark handling.

Given Sappi Europe’s general risk 
mitigation strategy of sourcing pulp and 
woodfibre from a variety of sources and 
regions, we do not anticipate any material 
impact to raw material supply from climate 
change in the short to medium term. 
In North America, our operations do not 
currently face material risks associated 
with climate change. We source from 
northern hardwood and softwood wood 
baskets that have not suffered under any 
drought conditions or from fire.

In Southern Africa, the fact that we own 
and lease 388,000 hectares (ha) of 
plantations gives us a competitive 
advantage. Of this 388,000ha, 249,000ha 
is used to grow trees, with a further 
139,000ha being used for other purposes 
such as conservation. We have access 
to wood from a further 103,000ha via 
contracted timber suppliers. Our aim is to 
produce low-cost wood with the required 
pulping characteristics and increase yield 
per hectare. We actively pursue this aim, 
particularly through genetic improvement 
of planting stock. Work to enhance the 
sustainable management of our 
plantations and fibre base in FY2016 
included:
 (cid:116) The acquisition of LiDAR (Light 

Detection and Ranging) data for all 
Sappi land holdings primarily for the 
purpose of determining ground 
roughness and slope (important 
variables for harvesting). LiDAR 
produces a very accurate three-
dimensional point cloud (six points 
per m2). In addition to slope and ground 
roughness, these data were used to 
extract tree heights at a compartment 
level. Tree measurement, using LiDAR, 
is significantly better than the 
conventional 3% sampling approach 
conducted by Sappi as it is essentially 
a census of the tree growth in a 
compartment. It measures tree height, 
a main driver of growth, very accurately. 
Extensive testing was carried out, and 

the LiDAR data correlated extremely 
well with recent in-field conventional 
measurements (correlation greater than 
90%). Growth data for approximately 
50% of Sappi’s planted area was 
updated using this methodology

 (cid:116) We continued to focus on the 

development of genomic methods for 
the selection of superior individuals to 
potentially shorten the breeding cycle. 
Pure species development is ongoing, 
with selected individual genotypes being 
captured through grafting. Trials on 
seed use efficiency, aiming to make best 
use of scarce seed resources, whether 
for breeding or in the nursery continue

 (cid:116) Hybrid production of both pines and 

eucalypts continues, and various hybrid 
combinations are being tested across 
Sappi land holdings. Work is being done 
to improve the growing environment for 
cutting production, to refine plant quality 
specifications and to investigate media 
and media enhancements to promote 
growth

 (cid:116) In the field, cold tolerance trials and 

insecticide investigations look for ways 
to counter biotic and abiotic threats, 
while methods of land preparation, 
fertiliser treatment and site selection 
seek to give plants the best possible 
growth, while studies on wood 
properties seek to add value to the 
pulping process

 (cid:116) We began to test Corymbia henryi, 
a promising potential new species 
choice which can tolerate salt-laden 
coastal winds and is slightly tolerant 
to frost (0 to -5°C), and

 (cid:116) We have used near infrared 

spectroscopy (NIRS) to develop 
baseline models representing a range of 
wood chemical traits. These models are 
being used to predict the wood property 
of large numbers of genotypes in tree 
breeding trials and the technique is 
being investigated as tool for scanning 
chips in our pulp mills for rapid 
assessment of important traits such 
as moisture and wood density.

In terms of climate change, we mitigate 
risks by:
 (cid:116) Deploying a diverse range of 

commercial species and hybrids across 
a wide range of climatic conditions

(7)  http://www.pulpapernews.com/2016/02/wood-pulp-and-paper-prices-continue-to-rise

40

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 (cid:116) Continually monitoring and reviewing 

forest best practices in light of changing 
environmental factors, thus helping to 
mitigate any increased threat from water 
shortages or drought

 (cid:116) Maintaining wide genetic variability in 
planting material, including drought 
resistant breeds

 (cid:116) Measuring permanent sample plots 
annually (eucalypts) or bi-annually 
(pines) to determine the effect of 
drought for use in long-term planning
 (cid:116) Proactively implementing innovative pest 

and disease programmes

 (cid:116) Maintaining a broad genetic base, 

thereby facilitating response to new 
challenges such as pests, disease and 
climate change while providing 
continuous genetic improvement over 
the long term, and

 (cid:116) Implementing an extensive fire 

protection strategy, as climate change 
exacerbates the potential for fires.

In Southern Africa, we work to expand 
access to the forestry sector in a number 
of ways, including:
 (cid:116) Khulisa Umnotho (Project Grow), our 
enterprise development initiative which 
began in 1983, is aimed at community 
tree-farming and has successfully 
uplifted impoverished communities in 
KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. 
The total area currently managed under 
this programme amounts to 22,717ha. 
In FY2016, under the programme, 
395,232 tons (2015: 361,134 tons), 
worth approximately US$20 million was 
delivered to our operations. Since 1995, 
a total volume of 2,865,360 tons, to 
the value of ZAR1.3 billion, has been 
purchased from small growers in terms 
of this programme.

In recent years, we have expanded 
Khulisa Umnotho beyond the borders 
of KwaZulu-Natal to the Eastern Cape. 
We have signed a Memorandum of 
Understanding with the Eastern Cape 
Rural Development Agency (ECRDA) to 
facilitate forestry development in this 
region. To date, the total area planted 
covers 3,297ha and a further 4,812ha 
is in the Environmental Impact 
Assessment phase, with records of 
decision awaited on a further 1,250ha. 
For further details, please see our 
Khulisa Umnotho FAQ, available at 
www.sappi.com

 (cid:116) We are also active in land reform. As at 
the end of September 2016, Sappi was 
involved in 51 land reform projects with 
the average farm size of 218ha to the 
largest project of approximately 6,900ha 
belonging to the Somhlolo Community 
Trust. Many of these properties 
previously belonged to commercial 
farmers who had supply agreements 
with Sappi. To ensure sustainable 
production from these properties, we 
have entered into supply agreements 
with the new beneficiaries and have also 
provided assistance. This depends on 
the requirements of the project, but 
ranges from a pure supply agreement 
to a comprehensive Forestry Enterprise 
Development Agreement (FEDA). The 
latter is a supply agreement but also 
incorporates development objectives 
whereby Sappi provides technical 
and business training as well as 
administrative support, and

 (cid:116) To further assist with the development 
of small growers and other forestry 
value chain participants, we have 
established a training centre at 
Richmond in KZN. The training centre 
has Khulisa Ulwazi (‘Growing 
Knowledge’) as its slogan and will be 
providing training to small growers, land 
reform beneficiaries and small-scale 
contractors in the technical and 
business aspects of forestry and small 
business management. (See the 2016 
Sappi SA Sustainability Report available 
on www.sappi.com for further details.)

Material issue: emissions 
regulations and carbon tax
Background
The so-called Paris Agreement – adopted 
by all 196 parties to the United Nations 
Framework Convention on Climate 
Change at COP21 in Paris on 
12 December 2015 and which came into 
force on 04 November 2016 – urges 
countries to implement policies that would 
allow them to keep a global temperature 
rise below two degrees Celsius. The global 
forest products industry has a highly 
significant role to play in the 
implementation of these targets.

We believe that any policies aimed at 
curbing emissions and introducing carbon 
tax need to take due recognition of the 
industry’s high use of renewable energy 
or of the important role that sustainably 

managed natural forests and plantations 
play in mitigating global warming.

Our response
The success of our industry depends, in 
part, on fair, consistent and predictable 
environmental regulations that take 
account of the high level of renewable 
energy used by our industry. In 2016, 
globally Sappi’s generation of renewable 
energy (derived from black liquor, sludges 
and biomass) was 52.9% – an increase of 
5.1% over five years. Of this amount, just 
over 75% (2015: 73%) is own black liquor. 
In addition, over five years we have 
achieved a reduction in direct (Scope 1) 
emissions of 4.7% and 20.55% in indirect 
(Scope 2) emissions, representing a 
decrease in absolute emissions intensity 
(Scope 1 and 2) of 8.8%.

As forests grow, carbon dioxide (CO2) 
is removed from the atmosphere via 
photosynthesis. This CO2 is converted into 
organic carbon and stored in woody 
biomass. Trees release the stored carbon 
when they die, decay or are combusted. 
As the biomass releases carbon as CO2, 
the carbon cycle is completed. The 
carbon in biomass will return to the 
atmosphere regardless of whether it is 
burned for energy, allowed to biodegrade 
or lost in a forest fire.

The net impact of these processes is that 
CO2 flows in and out of forests and 
through the forest products industry by 
both biomass combustion and 
sequestration in products. Overall, the flow 
of forest CO2 is carbon positive when 
forests are sustainably managed and the 
forest system remains a net sink of CO2
from the atmosphere. Thus, the carbon 
neutrality of sustainably managed forest 
biomass is a scientifically supported fact.

The carbon neutrality of biomass 
harvested from sustainably managed 
forests has been recognised repeatedly 
by an abundance of studies, agencies, 
institutions, legislation and rules around 
the world, including the guidance of the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change and the reporting protocols of the 
United Nations Framework Convention on 
Climate Change.

Our view is that any emissions regulations 
or carbon tax must take account of the 
carbon neutrality of biomass.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

41

 
 
 
S u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Our key material issues continued

In terms of carbon taxes, we continue to 
monitor the situation in each region where 
we operate. In North America and 
Europe, carbon taxes do not appear to be 
an imminent risk. In Southern Africa, the 
Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) 
and National Treasury have embarked on 
a process to ensure that the carbon tax is 
aligned with a proposed carbon budget 
system. We are pleased to report that the 
DEA has accepted our proposed carbon 
budget which is valid until 2020.

Material issue: energy
Background
Energy is a key input for our industry. 
Aggressively managing energy usage 
leads to a reduction in carbon emissions 
and enhanced cost efficiencies. In 
Southern Africa, where national energy 
demand outstrips supply at times, energy 
security is also an issue.

Our response
Even though globally our energy costs 
as a percentage of cost of sales have 
declined over five years due to actions 
taken, it makes business sense for Sappi 
to aggressively manage energy usage and 
promote the generation of renewable 
energy. We aim to reduce our carbon 

footprint by improving energy efficiency 
and decreasing our reliance on fossil fuels. 
We have and will continue to achieve this 
by making process changes, installing 
more efficient equipment, reducing 
purchased energy (electricity and fossil 
fuel) by increasing our use of renewable 
energy – an approach that ultimately 
results in a reduction in CO2 emissions.

Over five years, we have achieved a 
reduction in internal energy consumption 
of 8.8% and a reduction in energy intensity 
of 2.1%, as well as an increase in energy 
self-sufficiency of 10.5%.

Our energy efficiency is enhanced through 
our extensive use of cogeneration and 
through our ongoing drive to make 
process improvements and install more 
efficient equipment. Globally we have 
developed and constructed five hydro, 
two gas and 31 steam turbines which 
generate around 800MW of renewable 
power on 14 sites across seven countries.

Most Sappi mills generate power on site 
from fossil or renewable resources for 
internal consumption. In some instances 
(Westbrook Mill (North America), Gratkorn 
and Maastricht Mills (Europe) and 

Ngodwana Mill (South Africa)), excess 
energy generated is sold back into the 
power grid. This energy is used for district 
heating in the vicinity of Sappi’s plants and 
for export into the public grid, thereby 
replacing fossil fuels. In this way, roughly 
100,670 metric tons CO2e emissions were 
avoided during the past five-year cycle(8).

In the USA, the country’s energy profile is 
only 10% renewable energy whereas the 
pulp and paper industry uses 54.5% and 
Sappi North America’s use of renewable 
energy is over 70%. This is a significant 
competitive benefit not just in terms of 
costs, but also in terms of customers 
choosing papers with a lower 
environmental footprint(9) and as a result 
we have the lowest reported greenhouse 
gas emissions amongst the major 
domestic coated freesheet suppliers.

In Southern Africa, we have embarked 
on two new energy projects:
 (cid:116) At Tugela Mill, we have installed a new 
turbine and applied for the project to 
be registered under the South African 
government’s cogeneration Independent 
Power Producer Programme, and

Purchased energy costs as a 
percentage of cost of sales (COS)

%

Percentage energy 
self-sufficiency

%

Reduction of GHG emissions

tCO2

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

5
.
3
6 6
.
9
5

9
.
0
6

6
.
8
5

3
.
6
5

7

.

9
3

3

.

7
3

9

.

4
3

7

.

2
3

.

7
1
3

.

7
6
2

.

2
7
2

9

.

6
2

9

.

6
2

8

.

4
2

3

.

8
3

3

.

7
3

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

8

.

9
3

.

1
9
3

.

3
2
4

0
6
3
,
1
5
4

5
9

.

1
3

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

(100,000)

3
4

9
8
8

.

2
3

,

3
8
3

9
8
9

,

5
9
1

2
8
4
0
4

,

2
0
3

,

1
4

8
7
6
1
2
1

,

8
8
9
5
8

,

)
2
7
8

,

2
(

8
6
2
8
3
1

,

)
2
1
0

,

7
(

Southern 
Africa

Europe

North 
America

Global

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)Southern Africa 
(cid:81)(cid:3)North America 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Europe 
(cid:81)(cid:3)Global

(cid:81)(cid:3)2012 
(cid:81)(cid:3)2014    
(cid:81)(cid:3)2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)2013
(cid:81)(cid:3)2015 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Scope 1 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Scope 2

(8)  The emissions avoidance value was calculated by taking each regional power utility’s emissions factor and comparing it with Sappi’s internal power generation 

emissions factor. The difference between the two factors indicates that Sappi’s internal power generation is less carbon intensive in certain regions and therefore 
results in carbon emission avoidance.

(9)  https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/data/browser/#/?id=37-AEO2016&cases=ref2016~ref_no_cpp&sourcekey=0

42

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
 
 
 (cid:116) At Saiccor Mill, we are replacing three 

turbine generators with a high efficiency 
steam turbine generator set. This will 
eliminate wasteful steam venting during 
process upsets, allow for efficient boiler 
operation and mitigate the impact of an 
Eskom electricity supply interruption. It 
will also reduce the amount of imported 
power purchased from Eskom, thereby 
increasing power self-sufficiency to 
approximately 69% and enhancing the 
mill’s cost competitiveness. In addition, 
it will improve coal-fired boiler operation 
as the occasional oversupply of steam 
due to the cyclical nature of the steam 
demand will be handled via the 
condensing turbine set rather than by 
increasing or decreasing boiler steaming 
rates. It is expected that the boiler 
steam to coal ratio will improve by 
6% as a result of running these boilers 
at an optimal rate. Annual savings are 
estimated to be approximately 
US$4.9 million based mainly on reduced 
power purchases.

Also at Saiccor Mill, in FY2016, we 
established a pilot scale plant at the mill 
to assess the use of anaerobic digestion 
to treat Saiccor Mill’s waste condensate. 
Rich in organic matter, the condensate 
could be treated via a process which uses 
organic acids to produce biogas in the 
form of methane. This in turn could be 
used to produce energy, either for internal 
use or external sales to the national grid. 
This has significant implications for the 
mill’s energy costs, as evaluations show 
that the condensate has the potential to 
generate enough energy to replace 
30 tons of coal per day. We are also 
evaluating the extraction of chemicals 
from the condensate stream.

Material issue: water
Background
The United Nations estimates that by 
2030 almost half of the world’s population 
will live in areas of high water stress. 
Human population growth and 
consumption are the leading drains on 
global water supplies.

Our response
Our production processes depend on 
water, as does woodfibre, our primary 
input. Globally, we return 92% of the water 
we extract back into the environment after 
it has been treated and cleaned. Of the 
8% balance, approximately 4% exits the 
mill in the form of production, while the 
remainder is lost to the environment. 
Globally, over five years, we have achieved 
a positive result in effluent concentration 
by reducing chemical oxygen demand by 
0.5% and total suspended solids by 
36.5%.

Of all the regions where Sappi has 
operations, Southern Africa, which is a 
water-stressed region and which has been 
experiencing its worst drought in many 
years, has been most severely affected.

To mitigate the impact of low flows on the 
Umkomazi River, the prime source of 
water to Saiccor Mill, we have completed 
a project to raise the Comrie Dam wall, 
upstream of Saiccor Mill, tripling the 
amount of water in the dam. However, 
we still await a water use licence from the 
regulatory authorities. At Ngodwana, 
Tugela and Stanger Mills we are focusing 
on internal modifications which involve the 
more efficient use of water.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

43

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Our leadership

Non-executive management

Sir Anthony Nigel Russell Rudd (Nigel)* (69)
Independent Chairman

Qualifications DL, Chartered Accountant
Nationality British

Sappi board committee memberships
Nomination and Governance Committee (Chairman)
Attends Audit Committee, Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee and Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee meetings ex officio

Godefridus Peter Franciscus Beurskens (Frits)** (69)
Independent

Robert John DeKoch (Bob) (64)
Independent

Qualifications BSc Mechanical Engineering,  
MSc Industrial Engineering and Management Science
Nationality Dutch

Sappi board committee memberships
Audit Committee
Audit Committee of Sappi Europe (Chairman)

Qualifications BA (Chemistry), MBA
Nationality American
Appointed March 2013 

Sappi board committee memberships
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee

Michael Anthony Fallon (Mike) (58)
Independent

Qualifications BSc (Hons) (First class)
Nationality British
Appointed September 2011

Dr Deenadayalen Konar (Len) (62)
Independent

Qualifications BCom, MAS, DCom, CA(SA), CRMA
Nationality South African
Appointed March 2002

Sappi board committee memberships
Human Resources and Compensation Committee (Chairman)
Audit Committee

Sappi board committee memberships
Audit Committee (Chairman)
Nomination and Governance Committee

Nkateko Peter Mageza (Peter) (62)
Independent

Qualifications FCCA (UK)
Nationality South African
Appointed January 2010

Sappi board committee memberships
Audit Committee
Human Resources and Compensation Committee

*Sir Nigel Rudd was appointed Chairman of the Sappi board on 01 March 2016.
**Mr Beurskens will retire from the Sappi board at the end of February 2017.

44

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achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
John David McKenzie (Jock) (69)
Lead independent director

Mohammed Valli Moosa (Valli) (59)
Non-independent

Qualifications BSc Chemical Engineering (Cum laude), MA
Nationality South African
Appointed September 2007

Qualifications BSc (Mathematics)
Nationality South African
Appointed August 2010

Sappi board committee memberships
Human Resources and Compensation Committee
Nomination and Governance Committee

Sappi board committee memberships
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee
(Chairman)

Robertus Johannes Antonius Maria Renders  
(Rob Jan) (63)
Independent

Qualifications MSc (Mechanical Engineering), MDP
Nationality Dutch
Appointed October 2015

Sappi board committee memberships
Human Resources and Compensation Committee

Dr Rudolf Thummer (69)
Independent

Qualifications Dr Techn, Dipl-Ing
Nationality Austrian
Appointed February 2010

Karen Rohn Osar (67)
Independent

Qualifications MBA, Finance
Nationality American
Appointed May 2007

Bridgette Radebe* (56)
Independent

Qualifications BA (Pol Sc and Socio)
Nationality South African
Appointed May 2004

Sappi board committee memberships
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee

Sappi board committee memberships
Audit Committee
Audit Committee of Sappi North America (Chairperson)

Sappi board committee memberships
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee

*Mrs Radebe will retire from the Sappi board at the end of February 2017.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

45

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Our leadership continued 

Executive directors

Executive management

Stephen Robert Binnie (Steve) (49)
Chief Executive Officer

Qualifications BCom, BAcc, CA(SA), MBA
Nationality British
Appointed September 2012

Sappi board committee memberships
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee
Attends all meeting of all other board committees by invitation

Glen Thomas Pearce (53)
Chief Financial Officer

Qualifications BCom (Hons), CA(SA)
Nationality South African
Appointed July 2014

Sappi board committee memberships
Expected to attend Audit Committee meetings by invitation

Mark Gardner (61)
President and Chief Executive Officer of Sappi 
North America

Qualifications BSc (Industrial Technology)

Alexander van Coller Thiel (Alex) (55)
Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Southern Africa

Qualifications BSc Mechanical Engineering, MBA 
(Financial Management and IT)

46

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Executive management continued

Berend John Wiersum (Berry) (61)
Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Europe

Gary Bowles (56)
Executive Vice President Specialised Cellulose

Andrea Rossi (62)
Group Head Technology

Qualifications MA (Medieval and Modern History)

Qualifications BSc Electrical Eng, PMD, EDP 

Qualifications BSc Eng (Hons), C Eng, FCMI

Fergus Marupen (51)
Group Head Human Resources

Qualifications BA Hons (Psychology), BEd (Education 
Management), MBA

Maarten van Hoven (43)
Group Head Strategy and Legal

Qualifications BProc, LLM (International Business Law)

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

47

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Corporate governance

Sappi is committed to high standards of corporate governance which form the foundation for the long-term 
sustainability of our company and creation of value for our stakeholders. The group endorses the recommendations 
contained in the King Code of Governance Principles for South Africa 2009 (King III) and applies the various 
principles. A summary of how Sappi applies the King III principles is provided on the group’s website 
www.sappi.com. We are in the process of updating and aligning our governance processes with King IV.

The group is listed on the JSE Limited and complies in all material respects with the JSE Listings Requirements, 
regulations and codes. 

The board of directors
The basis for good governance at Sappi is laid out in the board charter, which sets out the division of responsibilities between the 
board and executive management. The board collectively determines major policies and strategies and is responsible for managing 
risk. 

For further information about the board and the board charter please refer to www.sappi.com. 

The composition of the board and attendance at board meetings and board committee meetings is set out in the table below for the 
period October 2015 to September 2016:

Board committees

Name

Status

Board

Audit

Nomination and 
Governance

SR Binnie

GT Pearce

DC Cronjé(1)

ANR Rudd(2)

Chief Executive Officer

Chief Financial Officer

Independent non-executive 
Chairman – until 29 Feb 2016

5/5

5/5

2/2

Lead independent director – until 
29 Feb 2016

 2/2

Independent non-executive 
Chairman – from 01 March 2016

GPF Beurskens

Independent non-executive

RJ DeKoch 

Independent non-executive

MA Fallon(3) 

Independent non-executive

D Konar

Independent non-executive

JD McKenzie(4)

Independent non-executive – 
until 29 Feb 2016

Lead independent director – 
from 01 March 2016

NP Mageza

Independent non-executive

MV Moosa(5)

Non-executive

KR Osar

B Radebe

Independent non-executive

Independent non-executive

RJAM Renders(6)

Independent non-executive

R Thummer 

Independent non-executive

3/3

3/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

2/2

3/3

5/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

B

C

3/3

2/2

2/2

C

1/1

3/3

1/1

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

B

B

E

E

E

C

5/5

5/5

2/3

3/3

2/2

4/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

5/5

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

Human 
Resources and 
Compensation

Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and 
Sustainability 
(SETS)

B

4/4

(cid:57)

4/4

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

2/2

2/2

E

2/2

(cid:57)

4/4

C

4/4

2/2

(cid:57)

C

2/2

2/2

4/4

2/2

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

(cid:57)

C

2/2

4/4

4/4

(1)  Dr Danie C Cronjé retired as Chairman from the board of Sappi Limited with effect from 01 March 2016.
(2)   Sir Nigel Rudd was appointed Independent non-executive Chairman of the Sappi Limited board and chairman of the Nomination and Governance Committee, 

with effect from 01 March 2016. 

(3)  Mr MA Fallon was appointed chairman of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee with effect from 01 March 2016.
(4)  Mr JD McKenzie was appointed lead independent director with effect from 01 March 2016.
(5)  Mr MV Moosa was appointed chairman of the SETS Committee with effect from 01 March 2016.
(6)   Mr RJAM Renders was appointed non-executive director to the board of Sappi Limited with effect from 01 October 2015 and member of the Human Resources 

and Compensation Committee with effect from 01 March 2016.

(cid:57)   Indicates board committee membership, C indicates board committee chairman, B indicates attendance by invitation, and E indicates attendance ex officio. The 

figures in each column indicate the number of meetings attended out of the maximum possible number of meetings during the period indicated.

48

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Induction and training of directors
Following appointment to the board, directors receive induction and training tailored to their individual needs, when required.

Sappi board and management committees
A number of board and management committees have been established, as follows: 

Board of directors

(cid:116) Strategic leadership and guidance
(cid:116) Ultimate oversight, accountability and responsibility
(cid:116) The board delegates certain oversight responsibilities to board committees
(cid:116) The board assigns responsibility for management of the group to the CEO

Nominations and 
Governance Committee

Human Resources 
and Compensation 
Committee

Audit Committee

 (cid:116) Board size, composition and 

diversity

 (cid:116) Selection and recruitment of 

directors

 (cid:116) Evaluation of board 

performance

 (cid:116) Directors’ remuneration
 (cid:116) Succession planning
 (cid:116) Remuneration policy
 (cid:116) Incentive schemes

 (cid:116) Financial and sustainability 
systems and reporting

 (cid:116) Risk management
 (cid:116) Compliance and ethics
 (cid:116) Combined assurance
 (cid:116) Internal and external audit
 (cid:116) IT governance

Social, Ethics, 
Transformation 
and Sustainability 
Committee

 (cid:116) Corporate social responsibility
 (cid:116) Environment
 (cid:116) Ethics
 (cid:116) Safety
 (cid:116) Broad-based Black Economic 

Empowerment

Executive Committee

Disclosure 
Committee

Internal 
Controls 
Steering 
Committee

Accounting 
Standards 
Committee

Group Risk 
Management 
Committee

Regional 
Sustainability 
Councils

 (cid:116) Executive directors (CEO 

and CFO)

 (cid:116) Other senior executives
 (cid:116) Executive strategic decisions 

approved by the board

Treasury 
Committee

IT Steering 
Committee

Technical 
Committees

Management committees

Board committees
The board has established committees 
to assist it to discharge its duties. The 
committees operate within written terms 
of reference set by the board. 

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of five 
independent, non-executive directors and 
assists the board in discharging its duties 
relating to:
 (cid:116) Safeguarding and efficient use of assets
 (cid:116) Oversight of the risk management 

function

 (cid:116) Operation of adequate systems and 

control processes

 (cid:116) Reviewing financial information and the 
preparing of accurate financial reports 
in compliance with applicable 
regulations and accounting standards

 (cid:116) Reviewing sustainability information 

included in the Annual Integrated Report
 (cid:116) Reviewing compliance with the group’s 
Code of Ethics and external regulatory 
requirements

 (cid:116) Oversight of the external auditors’ 
qualifications, experience and 
performance

 (cid:116) Oversight of the performance of the 

internal audit function, and

 (cid:116) Oversight of non-financial risks and 
controls, as well as IT governance, 
through a combined assurance model. 

The Audit Committee confirms that it has 
received and considered sufficient and 
relevant information to fulfil its duties, as 
set out in the Audit Committee report in 
the group annual financial statements. 

The external and internal auditors 
attended Audit Committee meetings and 
had unrestricted access to the committee 
and Chairman. The external and internal 
auditors met privately with the Audit 
Committee during 2016. 

Dr D Konar has been designated as the 
Audit Committee financial expert and 
attended the Annual General Meeting 
in 2016. 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

49

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Corporate governance continued

Nomination and Governance 
Committee
The Nomination and Governance 
Committee consists of three independent 
directors and considers the leadership 
requirements of the company, including 
a succession plan for the board. The 
committee identifies and nominates 
suitable candidates for appointment to 
the board, for board and shareholders’ 
approval. The committee considers the 
independence of candidates as well as 
directors. The committee makes 
recommendations on corporate 
governance practices and disclosures, 
and reviews compliance with corporate 
governance requirements. The committee 
has oversight of appraising the 
performance of the board and all the 
board committees. The results of this 
process and recommended improvements 
are communicated to the chairman of 
each committee and the board. The 
function and performance of Sappi’s 
board and board committees were 
assessed internally in 2016 and 
established that the board and board 
committees functioned well. 

Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee
The Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee consists of four independent 
directors. The responsibilities of the 
Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee are, among others, to 
determine the group’s human resources 
policy and strategy, assist with the hiring 
and setting of terms and conditions of 
employment of executives, the approval 
of retirement policies, and succession 
planning for the CEO and management. 
The committee ensures that the 
compensation philosophy and practices of 
the group are aligned to its strategy and 
performance goals. It reviews and agrees 
the various compensation programmes, 
and in particular the compensation of 
executive directors and senior executives 
as well as employee benefits. It also 
reviews and agrees executive proposals 
on the compensation of non-executive 
directors for approval by the board and 
ultimately by shareholders. 

The compensation report can be found on 
page 55.

Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee
The Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability (SETS) Committee 
comprises at least three independent 
non-executive directors and the CEO. 
Other executive and group management 
committee members attend SETS 
Committee meetings by invitation. Its 
mandate is to oversee the group’s 
sustainability strategies, ethics 
management, good corporate citizenship, 
labour and employment, as well as its 
contribution to social and economic 
development and, with regards to the 
group’s Southern African subsidiaries, 
the strategic business priority of 
transformation.

Regional sustainability councils provide 
strategic and operational support to the 
SETS Committee in dealing with day-to-
day sustainability issues and helping to 
develop and entrench related initiatives 
in the business. 

For more information on sustainability 
at Sappi refer to pages 26 to 43 and for 
a summary of the group’s initiatives go 
to www.sappi.com.

Management committees
The board assigns responsibility for the 
day-to-day management of the group to 
the CEO. To assist the CEO in discharging 
his duties, a number of management 
committees have been formed. Some of 
these committees also provide support for 
specific board committees. 

Executive Committee
This committee comprises executive 
directors and senior management from 
Sappi Limited as well as the CEOs of the 
three main regional business operations 
and the specialised cellulose business. 
The CEO has assigned responsibility to 
the Executive Committee for a number 
of functional areas relating to the 
management of the group, including the 
development of policies and alignment of 
initiatives regarding strategic, operational, 
financial, governance, sustainability, social 
and risk processes. The Executive 
Committee meets at least five times 
per year. 

Disclosure Committee
The Disclosure Committee comprises 
members of the Executive Committee and 
senior management from various 
disciplines. Its objective is to review and 
discuss financial and other information 
prepared for public release. It is the 
ultimate decision making body, apart from 
the board, with regards to disclosure.

Treasury Committee
The Treasury Committee meets monthly to 
assess financial risks on treasury-related 
matters.

Technical Committees 
The Technical Committees focus on global 
technical alignment, performance and 
efficiency measurement as well as new 
product development.

Group Risk Management Team
The board mandates the Group Risk 
Management Team (GRMT) to establish, 
coordinate and drive the risk management 
process throughout Sappi. It has 
established a risk management system to 
identify and manage significant risks. The 
GRMT reports regularly on risks to the 
Audit Committee and the board. Risk 
management software is used to support 
the risk management process. 

Internal Control Steering Committee
The Internal Control Steering Committee, 
supported by the internal control function, 
provides regular oversight and guidance 
to the business on internal controls and 
combined assurance for financial, strategic 
and operational risks.

Group IT Steering Committee
The group IT Steering Committee 
promotes IT governance throughout the 
group and is the highest authority 
responsible for this aspect of Sappi’s 
business, apart from the board. The 
committee has a charter approved by 
the Audit Committee and the board. An 
IT governance framework has been 
developed and IT feedback reports are 
presented to the Audit Committee and 
the board. Sappi IT has implemented 
a standardised approach to IT risk 
management through a groupwide risk 
framework supported by the use of risk 
management software. IT management 
is in the process of enhancing IT security 
and the IT legal compliance framework. 

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Financial statements
The directors are responsible for 
overseeing the preparation and final 
approval of the group annual financial 
statements, in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting 
Standards issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board.

The group’s results are reviewed prior 
to submission to the board, as follows:
 (cid:116) All quarterly results – by the Disclosure 
Committee and Audit Committee, and
 (cid:116) Interim and final results – by external 

audit. 

Sappi’s internal controls and 
combined assurance framework
Risks facing the group are identified, 
evaluated and managed by implementing 
risk mitigations, such as insurance, 
strategic actions or specific internal 
controls. Sappi maintains a robust 
framework of risks and controls which 
assists in the application of the King III 

guidelines. The framework comprises both 
financial and non-financial controls.

The group’s internal controls and systems 
are designed in accordance with the 
COSO* control framework, to provide 
reasonable assurance as to the integrity 
and reliability of the annual financial 
statements and operational management 
information, that assets are adequately 
safeguarded against material loss and that 
transactions are properly authorised and 
recorded. Internal controls also provide 
assurance that the group’s resources are 
utilised efficiently and that the activities of 
the group comply with applicable laws 
and regulations. 

Sappi operates a combined assurance 
framework, which aims to optimise the 
assurance coverage obtained from 
management, internal assurance providers 
and external assurance providers, on the 
risk areas affecting the group. 

Feedback as to the effectiveness of the 
internal controls is obtained from various 
assurance providers in a coordinated 
manner which avoids duplication of effort. 
Combined assurance helps to identify 
gaps or improvement areas in the internal 
control framework. 

The assurance obtained informs executive 
management and the Audit Committee 
about the effectiveness of the group’s 
internal controls in respect of significant 
risks. The Audit Committee, which is 
responsible for the oversight of risk 
management at Sappi, considers the risks 
and the assurance provided through the 
combined assurance framework and 
periodically advises the board on the state 
of risks and controls in Sappi’s operating 
environment. This information is used as 
the basis for the board’s review, sign-off 
and reporting to stakeholders, via the 
Annual Integrated Report, on risk 
management and the effectiveness 
of internal controls within Sappi.

Sappi’s combined assurance framework comprises three lines of defence, with oversight provided by the board and board committees. 
This is in keeping with enterprise risk management best practice, as set out below: 

Oversight by the board, Audit (Risk) and other committees

First line of defence

Second line of defence

Third line of defence

Business management operations 
supported by appropriate 
governance, risk management, 
and internal control structures 
and processes

Independent risk monitoring at group 
and regional level by group and 
regional risk, internal control and 
compliance functions

Independent assurance  
provided by external audit,  
internal audit and other external 
assurance providers

Executive, corporate and 
regional lead teams

Disclosure 
Committee

Corporate and regional business 
functions eg sales, finance, IT, HR, 
purchasing

Regional risk 
management 
forums

Business units eg forestry, mills 
sales offices

Group legal 
compliance 
programme

Group Risk 
Management 
Team

Group Internal 
Controls 
Steering 
Committee

Group IT 
governance 
and security 
functions

Business unit operations 
eg production, engineering, 
controlling, materials management

Internal 
controls self-
assessment

Regional SHEQ 
management

* COSO – please refer to the Glossary on page 88.

Group
Internal  
Audit

External 
auditors

Combined 
assurance

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

51

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Corporate governance continued

As part of combined assurance in respect of internal controls, Sappi has obtained assurance on the data in the Annual Integrated 
Report from the following sources: 
 (cid:116) Financial data is independently audited by Deloitte & Touche, and
 (cid:116) Limited reviews of sustainability information have been undertaken by central technical management and internal audit. Specific 

Planet (environment) related processes are subject to review by third parties during the year. No external assurance was obtained 
on the consolidated sustainability indicators reported, although certain local data is subject to external audits. Currently we do not 
perceive external assurance as being a cost-effective alternative to internal auditing of our indicators, particularly given our global 
spread of operations and the industry specific nature of many of our indicators.

Internal audit
The group has an effective risk-based Internal Audit Department which is suitably resourced. It has a specific charter from the Audit 
Committee and independently appraises the adequacy and effectiveness of the group’s governance, risk management, systems, 
internal controls and accounting records. It plays a coordination role in obtaining combined assurance and reports its findings to 
local and divisional management, the external auditors as well as the regional and group Audit Committees. 

The head of Group Internal Audit reports to the Audit Committee, meets with board members, has direct access to executive 
management and is invited to attend management meetings. The role of Group Internal Audit at Sappi is set out in the following 
diagram:

Group Internal Audit value proposition

Stakeholders

Objectives

Area

(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:35)(cid:80)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:34)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:1) 

Committee
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:38)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:84)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:48)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:83)

(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:51)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:52)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:68)

(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:40)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:70)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:51)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:76)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:84)

Support

Group Internal Audit activities

Support

Advisory and 
assistance

 (cid:116) Forensic, hotline and ethics management
 (cid:116) Projects, new business processes
 (cid:116) Ad hoc management request
 (cid:116) Government, risk, controls consulting
 (cid:116) King III, governance disclosures
 (cid:116) Secondments to business
 (cid:116) Internal controls support (risk and control 
framework, SIN, segregation of duties

Assurance
(risk-based)

 (cid:116) Financial processes and systems
 (cid:116) Business processes and systems
 (cid:116) Operational and strategic risks
 (cid:116) IT (value, GCC, security, operations)
 (cid:116) Ethics, risk, legal compliance
 (cid:116) Sustainability data
 (cid:116) Annual opinion

Core principles

Integrity

Competence and due 
professional care

Objective and 
independent

Aligned with strategies, 
risks and objective

Appropriately positioned 
and resourced

Quality and continuous 
improvement

Effective 
communication

Risk-based assurance

Insightful, future
focused and proactive

Promotes organisational 
improvement

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During 2016, apart from the ongoing focus 
on financial controls, Group Internal Audit 
undertook reviews of non-financial risk 
areas such as energy and water 
management. These reviews formed part 
of the combined assurance model, which 
is coordinated by Group Internal Audit. 
Group Internal Audit maintains an internal 
quality assurance programme, which 
includes periodic external review. In 2015, 
an external validation was conducted by 
the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). A 
generally conforms (GC) rating was 
received, which is the highest of the three 
levels of conformance to the IIA’s 
standards. 

Board assessment of the 
company’s risk management, 
compliance function and 
effectiveness of internal controls
The board is responsible for the group’s 
systems of internal financial and 
operational control. As part of an ongoing 
comprehensive evaluation process, control 
self-assessments, year-end external audits 
and independent reviews by Group 
Internal Audit and other assurance 
providers were undertaken across the 
group to test the effectiveness of various 
elements of the group’s financial, 
disclosure and other internal controls as 
well as procedures and systems. Identified 
areas of improvement are being 
addressed to strengthen the group’s 
controls further. The board has assessed 
the combined assurance provided in 
2016. The results of the reviews did not 
indicate any material breakdown in the 
functioning of these controls, procedures 
and systems during the year. The internal 
controls in place, including the financial 
controls and financial control environment, 
are considered to be effective and provide 
a sound basis for the preparation of the 
financial statements.

Group Company Secretary
The Group Company Secretary does not 
fulfil executive management functions 
outside of the duties of Group Company 
Secretary and is not a director. During 
the year, the board has assessed the 
independence, competence, qualifications 
and experience of the Group Company 
Secretary and has concluded that she is 
sufficiently independent (ie maintained an 
arm’s length relationship with the executive 
team, the board and individual directors), 
qualified, competent and experienced to 
hold this position. The Group Company 
Secretary is responsible for the duties set 
out in section 88 of the Companies Act 71 
of 2008 (as amended) of South Africa. 
Specific responsibilities include providing 
guidance to directors on discharging their 
duties in the best interests of the group, 
informing directors of new laws affecting 
the group, as well as arranging for the 
induction of new directors. 

Code of Ethics
Sappi requires its directors and employees 
to act with integrity, to be courageous, to 
make smart decisions and to execute 
them with speed, in all transactions and in 
their dealings with all business partners 
and stakeholders. These values underpin 
the group’s Code of Ethics, and commit 
the group and its employees to sound 
business practices and compliance with 
applicable legislation. Actions are taken 
against employees who do not abide by 
the spirit and provisions of our code. The 
SETS Committee provides oversight for 
social, ethics, transformation and 
sustainability matters throughout the 
group. Refer to www.sappi.com for the 
Code of Ethics.

Legal compliance programme
A legal compliance programme designed 
to increase awareness of, and enhance 
compliance with, applicable legislation is 
in place. The group compliance officer 
reports twice per annum to the group 
Audit Committee. The resourcing of the 
compliance function was boosted by the 
appointment of a compliance manager 
in 2016. 

Conflict of interests
The group has a policy that obliges all 
employees to disclose any interest in 
contracts or business dealings with Sappi 
to assess any possible conflict of interest. 
The policy also dictates that directors and 
senior officers of the group must disclose 
any interest in contracts as well as other 
appointments to assess any conflict of 
interest that may affect their fiduciary 
duties. During the year under review, apart 
from those disclosed in the financial 
statements, none of the directors had a 
significant interest in any material contract 
or arrangement entered into by the 
company or its subsidiaries.

Insider trading
The company has a code of conduct for 
dealing in company securities and follows 
the JSE Limited Listings Requirements in 
this regard. For further information refer to 
www.sappi.com. 

Whistle-blower hotlines and follow 
up of tip-offs
Whistle-blower hotlines have been 
implemented in all the regions in which the 
group operates. This service, operated by 
independent service providers, enables all 
stakeholders to anonymously report 
environmental, safety, ethics, accounting, 
auditing, control issues or other concerns. 
It is the responsibility of all employees and 
stakeholders to report known or 
suspected unethical or illegal conduct. 
Retaliation against whistle-blowers is not 
tolerated. The follow up on all reported 
matters is coordinated either by legal 
counsel or internal audit and reported to 
the Audit Committee. The majority of calls 
received related to the Southern African 
region. Please refer to the whistle-blower 
hotline graphs, found on page 54, for 
information on the number of hotline calls, 
the types of calls, and the outcome of the 
investigations. The hotline call rates, 
categories of calls and outcomes of cases 
broadly align with international whistle-
blower benchmark data. 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

53

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Corporate governance continued

Stakeholder communication
The board is responsible for presenting a 
balanced and understandable assessment 
of the group’s position in reporting to 
stakeholders. The group’s reporting 
addresses material matters of significant 
interest and is based on principles of 
openness and substance over form. 
Various policies have been developed 
to guide engagement with Sappi’s 
stakeholders, such as the Group 
Stakeholder Engagement Policy and 
Group Corporate Social Responsibility 
Policy. Sappi has a policy addressing 
alternate dispute resolution (ADR) and 
relevant ADR clauses are generally 
included in contracts with customers and 
suppliers. There have been no requests for 
information for the period under review in 
terms of the Promotion of Access to 
Information Act (South African legislation). 

For more information on our key 
relationships at Sappi refer to page 26.

Analysis of hotline 
reports by category 

%

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

3
7

1
7

1
8

0
6

2
7

2

5
2

0

9
2

4

5
1

7

3
3

2012

2013

2014

2015

7

2
2

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)Employment-related matters 
(cid:81)(cid:3)Safety, health, environment 
(cid:81)(cid:3)Corruption, fraud and theft

Analysis of hotline 
report case outcomes 

%

Hotline report 
rate per 1,000 employees

100

5

3

0

7

2

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

0
.
4

7
.
3

5
.
3

8
.
3

5
.
2

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1
2

4
3

2
5

9
4

0
5

1
6

6
7

8
4

4
4

2012

2013

2014

2015

8
4

2016

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)Termination
(cid:81)(cid:3)Disciplined, counselled or other management action
(cid:81)(cid:3)Cleared, no action 

For a summary of how Sappi applies the 
King III principles, please refer to 
www.sappi.com. 

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Compensation report

The compensation report explains 
the company’s compensation policy 
for executive directors, Executive 
Committee members and 
non-executive directors.

The Chairman of the company, Sir Nigel 
Rudd, attends committee meetings ex 
officio while the group Chief Executive 
Officer, Mr SR Binnie together with Group 
Head Human Resources, Mr FCS Marupen 
attend meetings by invitation. 

The information provided in the report 
has been approved by the board on a 
recommendation by the Human 
Resources and Compensation Committee.

Compliance statement
The Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee is committed to maintaining 
high standards of corporate governance 
and supports and applies the principles 
of good governance advocated by the 
South African Institute of Directors (IOD) 
and the King Code of Governance 
Principles of South Africa 2009 (King III). 
The committee ensures compliance with 
legal and regulatory requirements as they 
pertain to compensation. 

Management and the non-executive 
Chairman, from time to time, meet with 
some of our largest shareholders to 
discuss compensation practices in 
the group.

Independent advice
Management engaged the services from 
the following organisations to assist in 
compensation work during the course 
of the year:
 (cid:116) Kepler Associates, United Kingdom
 (cid:116) KPMG Inc. Auditors, South Africa, and
 (cid:116) PricewaterhouseCoopers Tax Services, 

South Africa.

Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee
At the end of the year, the committee 
consisted of four independent non-
executive directors:
 (cid:116) Mr MA Fallon – Chairman
 (cid:116) Mr JD McKenzie
 (cid:116) Mr NP Mageza, and
 (cid:116) Mr RJAM Renders.

Mrs AJ Tregoning, Company Secretary, 
attends the meeting as secretary to the 
committee.

The Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee met five times during the year 
and held one telephone conference.

Attendance at meetings by individual 
members is detailed on page 48.

None of the committee members has any 
personal financial interest, or conflict of 
interest, or any form of cross directorship, 
or day-to-day involvement in the running 
of the business.

Executive directors and managers are not 
present during committee discussions of 
their own compensation.

The Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee ensures that the compensation 
practices and structures within the group 
support the group’s strategy and 
performance goals and enables the 
attraction, retention and motivation of 
executives and all employees.

The key activities of the committee during 
2016 are summarised as follows:
 (cid:116) Reviewed and approved the vesting, or 
otherwise, of the performance share 
plan awards which were awarded on 
02 December 2011

 (cid:116) Approved the allocation of 2015 

performance share plan awards to 
executive directors and all other eligible 
participants

 (cid:116) Reviewed and approved salary 

increases and bonus payments for 
executive directors and other key senior 
managers 2016

 (cid:116) Recommended fee levels to the Sappi 
Limited board for consideration and 
recommendation to shareholders for 
approval

 (cid:116) Approved the allocation model and the 
comparator peer group for the 2016 
performance share plan

 (cid:116) Reviewed the compensation report, 

including the content of the company 
compensation policy and practices, 
which was put to shareholders for a 
non-binding vote at the Annual General 
Meeting in February 2016

 (cid:116) Approved the 2017 Management 

Incentive Bonus Scheme rules and 
reviewed the Share Incentive Plan rules, 
including changes to the Performance 
Share Plan, and

 (cid:116) Reviewed the succession and 

retirement plans for key management 
positions.

Compensation strategy and policy
Our compensation packages:
 (cid:116) Are designed to attract, retain and 

motivate executives and all employees 
to deliver on performance goals and 
strategy

 (cid:116) Are simple, transparent and aligned 
with the interests of shareholders
 (cid:116) Reflect the views of our investors, 

shareholder bodies and stakeholders
 (cid:116) Are structured in a way that superior 
rewards are only paid for exceptional 
performance and that poor performance 
does not earn an incentive award
 (cid:116) Encourage behaviour consistent with 
the group’s risk and reward philosophy

 (cid:116) Have an appropriate and balanced 

reward mix for executive directors and 
other executive managers based on 
base pay, benefits and short- and 
long-term incentives within the context 
of the industry sector

 (cid:116) Are applied consistently across the 
group to promote alignment and 
fairness, and

 (cid:116) Through the Executive Management 

Incentive Bonus Scheme, provide for a 
voluntary deferral of 40% of the Chief 
Executive Officer’s annual bonus, and 
30% of the executive managers’ annual 
bonuses, as this is to ensure a long-
term focus on the company’s 
performance by the individual 
concerned and establish a personal 
stake in the company.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

55

 
G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Compensation report continued

Summary of reward components of executive directors and other members of the group Executive Committee
The compensation of executive directors and other Executive Committee members comprises fixed and variable components.

Purpose

(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)

(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:90)

Fixed

Component – Base salary

 (cid:116) To reflect market value of the 

role, individuals’ skills, 
contribution, experience and 
performance

 (cid:116) To attract and retain key 

talent

Component – Benefits

 (cid:116) To provide protection and 

market competitive benefits 
to aid recruitment and 
retention

 (cid:116) Paid monthly in cash
 (cid:116) Reviewed annually with any increases to be effective 

from 01 January each year

 (cid:116) Base salary reviews take into account prevailing 

market practices, economic conditions and the levels 
of base salary increase mandates provided to the 
general employee population

 (cid:116) Increases are applied in line with 

outcomes of performance 
discussions with the individuals 
concerned

 (cid:116) Private medical insurance
 (cid:116) Income in the event of death or disability
 (cid:116) These are:

 – appropriate in terms of level of seniority
 – market related
 – death benefit is a multiple of base salary, and
 – non-pensionable

None

Component – Pension

 (cid:116) Make ongoing company 
contributions during 
employment

 (cid:116) Comprises defined benefit and defined contribution 

plans

 (cid:116) A large number of defined benefit plans are closed to 

 (cid:116) To provide market-related 

new hires

benefits

 (cid:116) Facilitate the accumulation of 
savings for post-retirement 
years

 (cid:116) Employees in legacy defined benefit plans continue to 
accrue benefits in such plans for both past and future 
service

 (cid:116) Retirement plans differ by region

Component – Annual cash incentive

 (cid:116) Focus participants on targets 

 (cid:116) All measures and objectives are reviewed and set at 

Variable

relevant to the group’s 
strategic goals
 (cid:116) Drive performance
 (cid:116) Motivate executives to 
achieve specific and 
stretching short-term goals
 (cid:116) Reward individuals for their 
personal contribution and 
performance

 (cid:116) Deferred share proportion 
of the annual bonus aligns 
interests with shareholders

the beginning of the financial year

 (cid:116) Payments are reviewed and approved at year-end 
by the committee based on performance against 
the targets

 (cid:116) Threshold is required to be met for any bonus 

payment to occur

 (cid:116) Target level of bonuses varies from 65-85% of 

base salary

 (cid:116) Weightings for 2016 were: EBITDA – 60%; working 

capital – 30%; and safety – 10%

 (cid:116) Bonuses are paid in cash. The Group Chief Executive 

Officer and Executive Committee members have 
volunteered to purchase shares with 40% and 30% of 
their after-tax cash bonus respectively. The right to sell 
the shares is deferred for up to three years, subject to 
individual members not being terminated for cause

 (cid:116) Non-pensionable

 (cid:116) Executive members of defined 
contribution plans receive a 
company contribution of up to 
18.47% of salary

 (cid:116) Executive members of defined 
benefit plans receive company 
contributions of up to 31.24% of 
salary. This applies to only one 
Executive Committee member. 
The contribution varies based on 
the actuarial valuation of the 
reserves of the relevant schemes

 (cid:116) The maximum bonus for executive 
directors is 116% of base salary
 (cid:116) Executive Committee members 
and other senior managers may 
earn a maximum bonus of up to 
95% of base salary

 (cid:116) The number of shares arising 
from the deferred Executive 
Management Incentive Scheme 
will be increased by 20% of 
the original number of shares 
purchased provided the employee 
holds all the shares for a period of 
three years

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Purpose

(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)

(cid:48)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:90)

Variable continued

Component – Long-term share incentive plans

 (cid:116) Align the interests of the 
executive members with 
those of the shareholder
 (cid:116) Reward the execution of 

the strategy and long-term 
outperformance of our 
competitors

 (cid:116) Encourage long-term 

commitment to the company

 (cid:116) Is a wealth creation 

mechanism for executive 
members if the company 
outperforms the peer group

 (cid:116) Conditional grants awarded annually to executive 

None

directors, Executive Committee members and other 
key senior managers of the company

 (cid:116) Straight-line vesting after four years
 (cid:116) Performance is measured relative to a peer group of 

16 other industry-related companies

 (cid:116) The number of conditional shares allocated varies from 

190,000 conditional share awards to the Chief 
Executive Officer, and between 50,000 and 105,000 
conditional share awards to Executive Committee 
members

 (cid:116) Measures for 2015 awards were relative total 

shareholder return (TSR) – 50% and relative cash flow 
return on net assets (CFRONA) – 50%

Component – Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE)

 (cid:116) Provide black managers with 
the opportunity to acquire 
equity in the company

 (cid:116) Established to meet the requirements of the Forestry 

None

Sector Charter BBBEE codes

 (cid:116) Eligible employees receive an allocation based on 

 (cid:116) Attract, motivate and retain 

seniority of ‘A’ ordinary shares

black managers

 (cid:116) Shares vest 40% after three years and 10% each year 

thereafter

 (cid:116) Shares can only be taken up after September 2019
 (cid:116) Managers receive the net value in shares or cash at 

the end of the lock-in period

Component – Service contracts

 (cid:116) Provide an appropriate level 
of protection to both the 
executive and to Sappi

 (cid:116) Executive Committee members have notice periods of 

 (cid:116) In circumstances where there is a 

12 months or less

 (cid:116) Separation agreements, when appropriate, are 

negotiated with the individual concerned with prior 
approval being obtained in terms of our governance 
structures

significant likelihood of a 
transaction involving the Sappi 
group or a business unit, limited 
change in control protections may 
be agreed and implemented if 
deemed necessary for retention 
purposes

Compensation structure
Total compensation comprises fixed pay 
(ie base salary and benefits) and variable 
performance-related pay, which is divided 
further into short-term incentives with a 
one-year performance period and 
long-term incentives which have a 
four-year performance period.

Benchmarking
Executive compensation is benchmarked 
to data provided in national executive 
compensation surveys, for countries in 

which executives are domiciled, as well as 
information disclosed in the annual reports 
of listed companies of the Johannesburg 
Stock Exchange.

Ensuring an appropriate peer group in 
order to retain the integrity and 
appropriateness of the benchmark data is 
a key task of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee. Executive pay 
is benchmarked every alternate year.

Compensation mix
The compensation mix for executive 
directors and Executive Committee 
members is shown in the schematics on 
the following page.

The term target in terms of short-term 
incentive refers to the annual bonus award 
if all performance criteria were met at 
100% achievement.

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G o v e r n a n c e   a n d   c o m p e n s a t i o n

Compensation report continued

The long-term incentive awards are based 
on the face value of the performance plan 
shares issued in December 2015 (share 
price at date of allocation: ZAR59.92 
December 2015).

Base salary
The Compensation Committee approved 
the level of base salary for each executive 
director, Executive Committee member 
and other key senior managers.

Executive directors 
(Average)

%

Increases are effective from 01 January 
each year. There are no automatic annual 
base salary adjustments.

(Number of employees at 25 September 2016 = 2)

42

27

31

(cid:81)(cid:3)Total guaranteed package (Base salary and benefits)
(cid:81)(cid:3)Short-term incentive (On-target)
(cid:81)(cid:3)Face value of performance shares issued in December 2015

Executive Committee 
(Average)

%

(Number of employees at 25 September 2016 = 7)

34

26

40

(cid:81)(cid:3)Total guaranteed package (Base salary and benefits)
(cid:81)(cid:3)Short-term incentive (On-target)
(cid:81)(cid:3)Face value of performance shares issued in December 2015

Retirement benefits
Retirement benefits are largely in the form 
of defined contribution schemes. In some 
instances, legacy defined benefit schemes 
exist. Almost all the defined benefit 
schemes are closed to new hires.

Mr Binnie and Mr Pearce are both 
members of defined contribution funds 
and the total employee and company 
contribution is ZAR350,000. 

No additional payments were made to any 
retirement fund on behalf of the executive 
directors.

Short-term incentive
Performance-related annual bonuses may 
be paid to executive directors and other 
executive and senior managers under the 
Management Incentive Scheme. The 
scheme is designed to incentivise the 
achievement of pre-defined annual 
financial targets and personal objectives 
which are critical measures of business 
success.

For the 2016 financial year, the financial 
business performance criteria were: 
EBITDA (60%), working capital (30%) and 
safety (10%) – which accounted for 80% 
of the bonus calculation, with the 
remaining 20% being based on individual 
performance during the course of the year.

The 2016 salary increases were based on 
individual performances and contributions, 
internal relativities, inflation rates in the 
countries of operation, general market 
salary movement and overall affordability.

The same salary increase percentages 
were applied in determining the salaries 
for executive directors’ and Executives 
Committee members’ increases as was 
the mandate for general staff, dependent 
on location.

Mr Binnie received a salary increase of 
5.5% on the South African portion of his 
salary and 1% on the off-shore portion of 
his salary. Mr Binnie’s salary with effect 
from 01 January 2016 was US$386,767 
per annum.

Mr Pearce received a salary increase of 
5% on the South African portion of his 
salary and 1% on the off-shore portion of 
his salary. Mr Pearce’s salary with effect 
from 01 January 2016 was US$269,960 
per annum. 

The bonus payment opportunity available to executive directors and Executive 
Committee members is as follows:

On-target bonus

Stretch target

Executive director

85% of base salary

116% of base salary

Regional Chief Executive Officer

70% of base salary

95% of base salary

Other prescribed officers (ie Executive 
Committee members)

65% of base salary 88.5% of base salary

A performance threshold of 85% of EBITDA for the group is required before any bonus 
can be paid to participants in the group scheme.

Furthermore, if a region does not achieve the 85% bonus threshold target, no bonus is 
paid to participants in the region irrespective of overall group performance. The group 
and all other regions met the performance threshold which entitled them to a bonus 
payment for fiscal 2016.

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The group’s performance for the 2016 financial year:

Performance criteria

Weighting

Target points

2016 Actual 
achievement

In December 2012, Mr Binnie was granted 
100,000 conditional performance plan 
shares of which 100,000 vested in 
December 2016.

EBITDA

Working capital

Safety

Total

60%

30%

10%

100%

48

24

8

80

72

36

0

108

Mr Binnie will receive a bonus award of 
US$438,082 and Mr Pearce will receive a 
bonus award of US$300,613 to be paid in 
December 2016.

The terms and conditions of the annual 
Incentive Scheme for executive directors 
and Executive Committee members affords 
the company the right to seek redress and 
recoup from an individual where for any 
reason the board determines, within a 
12-month period of such payment, that 
the performance goals (whether for the 
participant or for the group) were in fact 
not achieved following the restatement of 
financial results or otherwise.

Changes to the short-term 
incentive scheme
There were no changes to the 2016 
Management Incentive Scheme (MIS) rules 
compared to 2015. 

Long-term incentive
The Sappi Performance Share Plan 
provides for annual awards of conditional 
performance shares which are subject to 
meeting performance targets measured 
over a four-year period. These awards will 
only vest if Sappi’s performance, relative to 
a peer group of 16 other industry-related 
companies, is ranked at median or above 
the median.

The performance criteria are relative 
TSR and relative CFRONA.

The peer group for the 2016 financial year 
consisted of the following 16 industry-
related companies:
 (cid:116) Fortress Paper
 (cid:116) Lenzing
 (cid:116) Rayonier Advance Materials
 (cid:116) Tembec
 (cid:116) Borrogaard
 (cid:116) Domtar
 (cid:116) West Rock

 (cid:116) Norske-Skog
 (cid:116) UPM-Kymmene
 (cid:116) Holmen
 (cid:116) Metsá Board
 (cid:116) Verso
 (cid:116) Mondi Plc
 (cid:116) International Paper
 (cid:116) Stora Enso, and
 (cid:116) Resolute Forest Products. 

Verso and Borrogaard have been added 
in 2016. 

Performance Share Plan
The vesting schedule for 2012 allocation 
for both TSR and CFRONA

Position

1–5

6–7

8–9

10–17

Vesting
%

100

75

50

0

For the four-year period ended September 
2016, Sappi’s performance relative to the 
peer group measured on TSR was ranked 
in third place out of 16 companies, which 
meant that 100% TSR component shares 
vested on the due date in December 
2016.

The determination of the vesting of the 
shares was provided by Kepler 
Associates, an independent third party. 

Sappi’s performance relative to the peer 
group measured on CFRONA for the 
same period resulted in 100% of this 
portion of the awards vesting, as Sappi’s 
performance was ranked in fourth place. 
The determination of the vesting of this 
portion of the shares was verified by 
KPMG Auditors.

In aggregate, 100% of the total 2012 
awards vested.

In December 2012, Mr Pearce was 
granted 35,000 conditional performance 
plan shares of which 35,000 vested in 
December 2016.

The historical vesting of Performance 
Share Plan awards:

Share 
awards

2013
%

2014
%

2015
%

2016
%

TSR

CFRONA

0

75

0

0

100

100

Aggregate

37.5

50

50

100

100

100

Mr Binnie was awarded 190,000 conditional 
performance plan shares in December 2015, 
in line with the plan rules.

Mr Pearce was awarded 90,000 conditional 
performance plan shares in December 
2015, in line with the plan rules.

Changes to the long-term incentive 
scheme
The committee also approved the linear 
vesting schedule for the 2015 allocations 
which will be applicable from 2019 and 
onwards vesting. This will have the impact 
that at median performance, 25% of 
vesting will happen. The new vesting 
schedule will be as follows: 

Position

1–5

6

7

8

9

10–17

Vesting
%

100

80

65

45

25

0

Employee Share Ownership Plan 
(Broad-based Black Economic 
Empowerment)
The Employee Share Ownership Plan 
(Sefate) was established in 2009 to meet 
the requirements of Broad-based Black 
Economic Empowerment established in 
the Forestry Sector Charter and in line with 
the codes set out by the South African 
Department of Trade and Industry.

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Compensation report continued

There are two schemes which make up 
Sappi’s Employee Share Ownership Plan, 
namely the ESOP (Employee Share 
Ownership Plan) and MSOP (Management 
Share Ownership Plan). There were 
5,607 participants in the schemes at 
the end of September 2014. Eligible 
employees receive an allocation based 
on seniority, of ‘A’ ordinary shares and 
ordinary shares. Shares vest 40% after 
three years and 10% each year thereafter.

Shares may, however, only be taken up 
after September 2019. Employees receive 
the net value in shares or cash at the end 
of the lock-in period.

Dilution
If all outstanding options and performance 
shares were to be exercised or vest as at 
September 2016, the resulting dilution 
effect would be 3.24% (2015: 3.27%) of 
issued ordinary share capital excluding 
treasury shares. To the extent possible, 
treasury shares will continue to be used 

to meet future requirements for shares 
arising from the exercise of options and 
vesting of awards.

Share ownership guidelines and 
restrictions
The Chief Executive Officer, Mr Binnie, 
volunteered to hold a target number of 
shares equal to twice his annual base 
salary. This arrangement is from December 
2015 and the Chief Executive Officer has 
five years until December 2020 to achieve 
this requirement. There is no requirement 
for the Chief Financial Officer and 
Executive Committee members to hold 
a specific number of shares during their 
employment with the company.

Service contracts
Mr Binnie has an ongoing employment 
contract which requires six months’ 
notice of termination by the employee 
and 12 months’ notice of termination by 
the company.

Mr Pearce has an ongoing employment 
contract which requires six months’ 
notice of termination by the employee 
and 12 months’ notice of termination by 
the company.

Depending on their location, Executive 
Committee members have ongoing 
employment contracts which require 
between three to six months’ notice of 
termination by the employee and six to 
12 months’ notice of termination by 
the company.

Other than in the case of termination for 
cause, the company may terminate the 
executive directors’ service contracts by 
making payment in lieu of notice equal to 
the value of the base salary plus benefits 
which they would have received during 
the notice period.

Executive directors are required to 
retire from the company at the age of 
60 years. The retirement age of Executive 
Committee members is generally between 
the ages of 60 years and 65 years, and 
differs by region.

Remuneration disclosure of executive directors and prescribed officers
Executive directors’ emoluments for 2016 

Retirement
 funding and
 medical 
insurance
US$

91,638

69,630

Base 
salary
US$

386,767

269,960

Other 
payments
US$

12,050

8,249

Annual
 cash 
bonus
US$

438,082

300,613

Total 
2016
US$

928,537

648,452

Total 
2015
US$

925,454

650,060

Executive director

SR Binnie

GT Pearce

 (cid:116) Base salary – the actual salary earned during 2016
 (cid:116) Retirement benefits – the annual contribution paid by the company into a defined benefit fund on behalf of the members determined 

as a percentage of their base salary

 (cid:116) Other payments – expenses allowances 
 (cid:116) Annual cash bonus – the actual bonus earned in 2016 based on the rules of the Management Incentive Scheme
 (cid:116) Long-term incentive – conditional performance plan shares awarded in 2016 financial year which will vest in 2020
 (cid:116) Local earnings are translated into the reporting currency (US$) using the average exchange rate over the financial year. The average 

rate for SA Rand depreciated by 23.6%.

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Prescribed officers/Executive Committee members
Prescribed officers are members of the group Executive Committee. The table below sets out the remuneration for prescribed officers 
for 2016:

Retirement 
funding and
 medical
 insurance
US$

215,077

51,258

69,215

0

44,862

84,861

47,917

Base 
salary
US$

706,507

519,115

282,526

288,804

141,784

183,583

157,701

Other 
payments
US$

2,773

0

9,187

9,581

4,862

6,220

5,111

Annual 
bonus
US$

660,006

373,598

215,780

171,064

122,025

169,402

134,583

Total
2016
US$

Total 
2015
US$

1,584,363

1,452,515

943,971

576,708

469,449

312,732

444,066

345,312

624,274

631,880

455,142

303,088

489,410

202,254

Prescribed officer

Officer 1

Officer 2

Officer 3

Officer 4 

Officer 5

Officer 6

Officer 7

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Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee report

Introduction
The Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability (SETS) Committee presents 
its report for the financial year ended 
September 2016. This committee is a 
statutory committee with a majority of 
independent non-executive members, 
whose duties are delegated to them by 
the board of directors. The committee 
conducted its affairs in compliance with a 
board-approved terms of reference, and 
discharged all its responsibilities contained 
therein. 

The committee was established during 
FY2012 in response to the requirements 
of section 72(4) of the South African 
Companies Act 71 of 2008, read with 
regulation 43 of the Companies 
Regulations, 2011. These regulations 
required the establishment of a social and 
ethics committee, to which were added 
the transformation and sustainability 
oversight roles previously contained in the 
Sustainability and Human Resources and 
Transformation Committees. 

During the course of the financial year 
the committee formally met four times at 
which meetings it deliberated on all 
aspects relating to its terms. 

Objectives of the committee
The role of the SETS Committee is to 
assist the board with the oversight of the 
company and to provide guidance to 
management’s work in respect of its 
duties in the fields of social, ethics, 
transformation and sustainability. The 
committee relies on international best 
practice as well as the laws and 
regulations under which Sappi’s 
businesses operate to ensure that the 
group not only complies with, but also 
fully implements all requirements. The 
committee addresses issues relating to 
corporate social investment, ethical 
conduct, diversity, transformation and 
empowerment initiatives and targets and 
ongoing sustainability practices to ensure 
that our business, our environment and 
our people can prosper on an ongoing 
basis. The responsibilities include 
monitoring the company’s activities, 
having regard to any relevant legislation, 
other legal requirements and prevailing 
codes of best practice. The committee 
meets a minimum of three times 
each year.

Membership of the committee
The members of the SETS Committee 
during FY2016 were:
 (cid:116) Mr JD McKenzie (Chairman and 
member until 29 February 2016)

 (cid:116) Mr MV Moosa (Chairman from 

01 March 2016) 

 (cid:116) Mr SR Binnie 
 (cid:116) Mr RJ DeKoch
 (cid:116) Mrs B Radebe, and
 (cid:116) Dr R Thummer.

Three members of the committee are 
independent non-executive directors; one 
is a non-executive director; and one the 
Chief Executive Officer. In addition, the 
Chairman of the board attends committee 
meetings ex officio. The regional Chief 
Executive Officers, the Group Head 
Strategy and Legal, the Group Head 
Technology, the Group Head Human 
Resources, the Group Head Corporate 
Affairs and the Group Head Investor 
Relations and Sustainability attend 
meetings by invitation. 

Committee activities reviewed and 
actioned during the year
 (cid:116) Reviewed and revised the committee 

terms of reference and annual work plan

 (cid:116) Approved the public affairs and CSR 

programmes and policy

 (cid:116) The corporate social development 

programme

 (cid:116) Sappi’s standing in terms of social and 
economic development in terms of the 
goals and purposes of:
 – the principles set out in the United 

Global Compact Principles
 – the OECD recommendations 

regarding corruption

 – the Employment Equity Act, and 
 – the Broad-based Black Economic 

empowerment (BBBEE) Act.
 (cid:116) Reviewed the updated and revised 

Code of Ethics, ethics programme and 
their effectiveness 

 (cid:116) Reviewed the South African Skills Audit 
as well as the training and development 
plan

 (cid:116) Reviewed the staff training progress
 (cid:116) Reviewed the company performance 
relative to the Employment Equity Act, 
BBBEE Act and the company’s 
transformation strategies

 (cid:116) Reviewed the implications for Sappi of 
the changes to the BBBEE Act and the 
revised forestry sector BBBEE codes
 (cid:116) Reviewed the Sappi Southern Africa 

Transformation Charter

 (cid:116) Reviewed Sappi’s policy and standing 
in terms of the International Labour 
Organisation (ILO) protocol on decent 
work and working conditions

 (cid:116) Reviewed the group safety programmes 

and safety performance
 (cid:116) Reviewed the Group Unfair 

Discrimination and Equality Policy
 (cid:116) Reviewed the Group Sustainability 

Charter and Group Environmental Policy

 (cid:116) Reviewed regional sustainability 

performance against goals for 2016
 (cid:116) Reviewed regional and global public 

policy matters affecting the group and 
its operations as they relate to 
sustainability

 (cid:116) Reviewed the various production unit 
operating efficiencies, reliability and 
unscheduled downtime metrics for 
2016

 (cid:116) Reviewed sustainability matters 
pertaining to Sappi Europe – in 
particular the European emissions 
trading system

 (cid:116) Reviewed the impacts of changing 

environmental legislation in South Africa 
on our operations 

 (cid:116) Reviewed the SETS Committee report 

for the Annual Integrated Report as well 
as sustainability information presented 
in the Annual Integrated Report.

Conclusion
The committee confirms that the group 
gives its social, ethics, transformation and 
sustainability responsibilities the necessary 
attention. Appropriate policies and 
programmes are in place to contribute to 
social and economic development, ethical 
behaviour of staff towards colleagues and 
other stakeholders, fair labour practices, 
environmental responsibility and good 
customer relations.

There were no substantive areas of 
non-compliance with legislation and 
regulation, nor non-adherence with codes 
of best practice applicable to the areas 
within the committee’s mandate that were 
brought to the committee’s attention. The 
committee has no reason to believe that 
any such non-compliance or non-
adherence has occurred.

MV Moosa
Chairman
Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee 

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Risk management

Philosophy 
The Sappi group has an established 
culture of managing key risks. It has a 
significant number of embedded 
processes, resources, and structures 
in place to address risk management 
requirements. These range from its internal 
audit systems, insurance, IT security, 
compliance processes, quality 
management and a range of other line 
management interventions. 

The Group Risk Management Policy is 
aimed at enhancing value for all of Sappi’s 
stakeholders. In the broadest sense, 
effective risk management ensures 
continuity of operations, service delivery, 
achievement of objectives (strategic and 
otherwise), and the protection of the 
interests of the group. To achieve 
objectives, the risk management process 
is aligned with and compatible with Sappi’s 
strategy. This policy takes into account the 
recommendations set out in ISO standard 
31000 (a guidance only standard) – ‘Risk 
management — Principles and guidelines’, 
as well as King III. 

The Sappi Limited board of directors is 
responsible for the governance of risk. 
The Sappi Limited Audit Committee, in its 
capacity as a board committee, is tasked 
with assisting the board in carrying out its 
risk management responsibilities at the 
group level. Notwithstanding the above, 
the responsibility for the implementation of 
risk management processes rests with the 
line management in each region, division 
and operation/business unit. 

Group Internal Audit provides independent 
assurance on the risk management 
process. 

For an analysis of the principal financial 
risks to which Sappi is exposed, please 
see note 31 contained in the Group 
Annual Financial Statements. 

For a detailed discussion of the group’s 
risk factors, please see the separate risk 
management report, which is available on 
the group’s website at www.sappi.com. 

Top 10 key risks 
1. 

 We operate in a cyclical industry 
and as such, global economic 
conditions may cause substantial 
fluctuations in our results. 
 Our products are significantly affected 
by cyclical changes in industry 
capacity and output levels as well 
as by the impact on demand from 
changes in the world economy. 
Because of supply and demand 
imbalances in the industry, these 
markets historically have been cyclical 
with volatile prices. In addition, turmoil 
in the world economy has historically 
led to sharp reductions in volume and 
pressure on prices in many of our 
markets. We are continuously taking 
action to improve efficiencies and 
reduce costs in all aspects of our 
business. We will continue to monitor 
the supply/demand balance, which 
might require us to impair operating 
assets and/or implement further 
capacity closures. 

2. 

 The markets for pulp and paper 
products are highly competitive, 
and some of our competitors have 
advantages that may adversely 
affect our ability to compete with 
them. 
 There is a trend towards consolidation 
in the pulp and paper industry 
creating larger, more focused 
companies. We continue to drive 
good customer service, innovation 
and efficient manufacturing and 
logistics. We are focused on 
improving the performance and 
competitiveness of our businesses. 
We continue to drive down costs 
across all our businesses. 

 During the first quarter, we sold 
our South African Enstra and Cape 
Kraft Mills. This was in line with 
our strategic focus on the virgin 
fibre packaging business in 
Southern Africa. 

3.  

 We require a significant amount of 
financing to fund our business and 
(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:87)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:67)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:67)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)
generate sufficient cash depends 
on many factors, some of which 
are beyond our control. 
 Our ability to fund our working capital, 
capital expenditure, research and 
development requirements and to 
make payments on our debt 
principally depends on cash available 
from our operating performance, 
credit facilities and other debt 
arrangements. 

 Our year-end cash balance and our 
committed revolving credit facilities 
provide us with adequate headroom 
to fund our short-term requirements. 
Our extended debt maturity profile 
indicates no material short-term 
refinancing requirements. We are also 
focusing on profit improvement in our 
operations by reducing fixed and 
variable costs, spending capital 
prudently and managing working 
capital levels. 

 During the first quarter, we sold our 
South African Enstra and Cape Kraft 
Mills. Proceeds received from the 
sales further reduced net debt. 

 During the third quarter, we 
completed the refinancing of our 
2021 bonds. This will result in a 
reduction in the interest charge of 
approximately US$8 million per 
annum going forward. 

4. 

 New technologies or changes in 
consumer preferences may have 
a material adverse effect on our 
business. 
 Trends in advertising, electronic data 
transmission and storage, the Internet 
and mobile devices continue to have 
adverse effects on traditional print 
media and other paper applications, 
including our products and those of 
our customers. Digital alternatives to 
many traditional paper applications, 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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Risk management continued

including print publishing and 
advertising and the storage, 
duplication, transmission and 
consumption of written information 
more generally, are now readily 
available and have begun to adversely 
affect demand for certain paper 
products. For example, advertising 
expenditure has gradually shifted 
away from the more traditional forms 
of advertising, such as newspapers, 
magazines, radio and television, 
which tend to be more expensive, 
toward a greater use of electronic and 
digital forms of advertising on the 
Internet, mobile phones and other 
electronic devices, which tend to be 
less expensive. We have been and 
are implementing strategic initiatives 
to improve profitability, including 
restructuring and other cost-saving 
projects, measures to enhance 
productivity, as well as an expansion 
of our higher-margin speciality 
businesses. Our entrenched leading 
market share and low production 
cost, positions us well to take 
advantage of the growth in the 
dissolving wood pulp market and to 
continue generating good margins. 

 The cost of complying with 
environmental, health and safety 
laws may be significant to our 
business. 
 Our aim is to minimise our impact on 
the environment. The principles of 
ISO 14000, Forest Stewardship 
Council® (FSC®), SFI®, PEFC™ and 
other recognised programmes are 
well entrenched across the group. 
We have also made significant 
investments in operational and 
maintenance activities related to 
reductions in air emissions, 
wastewater discharges and waste 
generation. (For further detail, see our 
sustainability report on page 26.) 

5. 

6. 

 However, we are subject to a wide 
range of environmental, health and 
safety laws and regulations in the 
various jurisdictions in which we 
operate. We closely monitor the 
potential for changes in pollution 
control laws, including GHG 
emissions requirements, and take 
action with respect to our operations 
accordingly. We invest to maintain 
compliance with applicable laws and 
cooperate across regions to apply 
best practices in a sustainable 
manner. 

 Fluctuations in the value of 
currencies, particularly the Rand 
and the Euro in relation to the 
US Dollar, have in the past had, 
and could in the future have, a 
significant impact on our earnings 
in these currencies. 
 We are exposed to economic, 
transaction and translation currency 
risks. The objective of the group in 
managing transactional currency risks 
is to ensure that foreign exchange 
exposures are identified as early as 
possible and actively managed. In 
managing transactional currency 
risks, the group first makes use of 
internal hedging techniques (hedging 
to the functional currency of the entity 
concerned) with external hedging 
being applied thereafter. External 
hedging techniques consist primarily 
of foreign exchange contracts and 
currency options. Foreign currency 
capital expenditure on projects is 
covered as soon as practical (subject 
to regulatory approval). For further 
detail, see note 31 contained in the 
Group Annual Financial Statements, 
which are available online at 
www.sappi.com. 

7.  

8.  

 The inability to obtain energy, raw 
materials or water at reasonable 
prices, or at all, could adversely 
affect our operations. 
 We require substantial amounts of 
wood, chemicals, energy and water 
for our production activities. The 
prices for and availability of these 
items may be subject to change, 
curtailment or shortages. To mitigate 
the risk, we are improving 
procurement methods, finding 
alternative lower-cost fuels and raw 
materials, minimising waste, 
improving manufacturing and logistics 
efficiencies and implementing energy 
reduction initiatives, such as 
increasing renewable energy, 
promoting cogeneration, investigating 
biofuel opportunities, promoting 
water-efficient production processes 
and infrastructure upgrades. 

 A limited number of customers 
account for a significant amount 
of our sales. Therefore, should 
adverse changes in economic 
market conditions have a negative 
impact on them, it could materially 
adversely affect our results of 
operations and financial position. 
 We sell a significant portion of our 
products to several significant 
customers. During FY2016, however, 
no single customer individually 
represented more than 10% of our 
total sales. Any adverse development 
affecting our significant customers or 
our relationships with such customers 
could have an adverse effect on our 
credit risk profile, our business and 
results of operations. We are, on a 
continuous basis, working to expand 
and diversify our customer base.

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 (cid:116) Enforcing compliance with 

behaviour-based safety (BBS) 
principles, and 

 (cid:116) Providing continuing education and 
having a disciplined approach to all 
transgressions of our safety 
policies, inclusive of our 
contractors. 

Insurance 
The group has an active programme 
of risk management in each of its 
geographical operating regions to address 
and reduce exposure to property damage 
and business interruption incidents. All 
production units are subject to regular risk 
assessments by external risk engineering 
consultants, the results of which receive 
the attention of senior management. 
The risk mitigation programmes are 
coordinated at group level in order to 
achieve a standardisation of methods. 
Work on improved enterprise risk 
management is ongoing and aims to lower 
the risk of incurring losses from incidents. 

Asset insurance is renewed on a calendar-
year basis. The self-insured retention 
portion for any one property damage 
occurrence is US$23 million (€20.5 million) 
with the annual aggregate set at 
US$37 million (€33 million). For property 
damage and business interruption 
insurance, cost-effective cover to full 
replacement value is not readily available. 
A loss limit cover of US$842 million 
(€750 million) has been deemed to be 
adequate for the reasonable foreseeable 
loss for any single claim. 

9.  

 A large percentage of our 
employees are unionised, and 
wage increases or work stoppages 
by our unionised employees may 
have a material adverse effect on 
our business. 
 A large percentage of our employees 
are represented by labour unions 
under collective bargaining 
agreements, which need to be 
renewed from time to time. In 
addition, we have in the past and may 
in the future seek, or be obligated to 
seek, agreements with our employees 
regarding workforce reductions, 
closures and other restructurings. We 
may become subject to material cost 
increases or additional work rules 
imposed by agreements with labour 
unions, which could increase 
expenses in absolute terms and/or 
as a percentage of net sales. A 
concerted effort is being made across 
all our regions to interact and engage 
with our union representatives and 
organised labour on a frequent basis 
and to work on building constructive 
work relationships.

10.  Injuries and fatalities.

 We operate a number of 
manufacturing facilities and forestry 
operations. The environment at these 
facilities is inherently dangerous. The 
health and safety of our own 
employees and contractors remain a 
top priority. We minimise on-the-job 
injuries and fatalities by: 
 (cid:116) Performing root cause analyses 

of all major incidents and fatalities, 
which are reviewed at all levels of 
the business including the board 
 (cid:116) Group- and industry-wide sharing 
of all incidents and associated 
mitigating steps thereby helping to 
ensure that all our regions remain 
in the top 10% quartile for our 
industry 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report
Glen Pearce

Section 1
Financial highlights

(US$ million)

Sales
EBITDA excluding special items
Operating profit excluding special items
Profit (loss) for the year
EBITDA excluding special items to sales (%)
Operating profit excluding special items to sales (%)
Operating profit excluding special items to capital employed (ROCE) (%)
Net cash generated
Net debt
Basic earnings (loss) per share (US cents)

2016

5,141
739
487
319
14.4
9.5
17.5
359
1,408
60

2015

% Change

5,390
625
357
167
11.6
6.6
12.4
145
1,771
32

(5)
18
36
91
n/a
n/a
n/a
148
(20)
88

There were two defining achievements 
during fiscal 2016 that reflected the 
consequences of a sustained 
improvement in operating performance 
and a strengthened balance sheet. Firstly, 
the group successfully triggered a security 
release clause on the revolving credit 
facility and the bonds, resulting in our debt 
reverting to senior unsecured debt. 
Secondly, we surpassed our targeted 
leverage ratio of two times to record a 
ratio of 1.9 times at the end of the year, as 
the net debt reduced to US$1,408 million. 
A resumption of dividends is a 
consequence of the above.

Consolidated sales volumes and prices 
reduced during the year as demand for 
graphic paper products came under 
pressure. Partially offsetting this decline 
was growth in the packaging and 
specialities products, including increased 
revenue in the dissolving wood pulp 
products. Substantial reductions in 
variable and fixed costs, in excess of the 

reduced revenue, resulted in improved 
profitability and margins. EBITDA 
excluding special items improved by 
18% to US$739 million as EBITDA 
margins increased from 11.6% to 14.4%. 
The sale of the Enstra and Cape Kraft Mills 
during the first quarter of FY2016, and 
the increased sales in the packaging and 
specialities segment in our North American 
and European regions contributed towards 
a favourable mix and an improved 
rationalisation of our remaining asset base.

Finance costs were 66% of the prior 
period as the benefits of refinancing debt 
at lower rates takes effect. The additional 
profitability has increased the tax charge 
to US$104 million at a rate of 25% of 
profit before taxation. Profit for the year 
increased to US$319 million (2015: 
US$167 million) with earnings per share 
excluding special items improving from 
34 US cents to 57 US cents. A dividend of 
11 US cents per share has been declared 
at a five times earnings cover.

Strong cash generation for the year of 
US$359 million was assisted by proceeds 
from the sale of the two South African 
mills, prudent working capital 
management and a solid cash generated 
from operations. Capital expenditure was 
restricted to US$241 million, which was in 
line with our expectations. 

Segment reporting
Our reporting is based on the 
geographical location of our businesses, 
ie Europe, North America and Southern 
Africa.

The dissolving wood pulp business has 
become increasingly important to the 
group. As such, selected product line 
information in the form of dissolving wood 
pulp and paper is reviewed by our 
Executive Committee in addition to the 
geographical basis upon which the group 
is managed. This additional information is 
presented to assist our stakeholders in 
obtaining a complete understanding of 
our business.

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Exchange rates and their impact on the group’s results
The group reports its results in US Dollar and, as such, the main foreign exchange rates 
used in the preparation of the financial statements were:

Income statement
average rates

Balance sheet
closing rates

2016

2015

2016

2015

EUR1 = US$
US$1 = ZAR

1.1111
14.7879

1.1501
11.9641

1.1226
13.7139

1.1195
13.9135

Two of our three geographic business 
units (Europe and Southern Africa) have 
home or ‘functional’ currencies of Euro 
and Rand respectively. The results and 
cash flows of these two non-US Dollar 
units are translated into US Dollar at the 
average exchange rate for the reporting 
period in order to arrive at the 
consolidated US Dollar results and cash 
flows. When exchange rates differ from 
one period to the next, the impact of 
translation from the functional currency 
to reporting currency can be significant.

“Finance costs 
were 66% of the 
prior period as 
the benefits of 
refinancing debt 
at lower rates 
takes effect.” 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Section 2
Financial performance – group

The discussion in this section focuses on the group financial 
performance in FY2016 compared with FY2015. A detailed 
discussion, in local currencies, of each of our three operating 
regions follows in Financial performance – section 3.

volumes by 2% to 1,329kt. The additional dissolving wood pulp 
volumes compensated for the reduced volumes at Saiccor Mill 
following production problems and the effects of a drought in 
Southern Africa. 

Income statement
Our group financial results can be summarised as follows:

(metric tons ’000)

2016

2015

%
 Change

Sales volume

 7,253 

7,306

(1)

Sales revenue
Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs
Fixed costs
Sundry items(1)

Operating profit excluding 
special items
Special items

Operating profit 
Finance costs
Taxation

Net profit
EPS excluding special items 
(US cents)

US$ 
million

US$
million

%
 Change

5,141

5,390

(3,061)
(1,571)
(22)

(3,414)
(1,613)
(6)

487
57

544
(121)
(104)

319

357
54

411
(182)
(62)

167

57

34

(5)

(10)
(3)
267

36
6

32
(34)
68

91

68

(1)  Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to 

manufacturing operations, such as debtor securitisation costs, commissions 
paid and received and results of equity-accounted investments.

Sales volume
In FY2016, sales volume decreased by 53,000 tons, or 1%, 
compared with 2015. The regional contributions to sales volume 
are shown below:

Sales volume 
(metric tons ’000)

North America
Europe
Southern Africa

Group

Paper and pulp (excluding 
dissolving wood pulp)
Dissolving wood pulp
Forestry

2016

2015

%
 Change

1,329
3,252
2,672

7,253

5,096
1,111
1,046

1,305
3,242
2,759

7,306

5,154
1,161
991

2
 – 
(3)

(1)

(1)
(4)
6

Trading conditions in many of our markets continued to be 
difficult throughout the year.

European volumes increased marginally as the drop in demand 
for coated paper was offset by an increase in packaging and 
speciality volumes. 

In North America, the increased coated paper market share and 
the additional dissolving wood pulp volumes, improved total sales 

Volumes in Southern Africa reduced by 3% following the sale 
of the Enstra and Cape Kraft Mills during the first quarter of the 
fiscal. Additionally, dissolving wood pulp volumes were down 
as described alongside. 

Optimising our capacity utilisation is a key focus area of the 
business and was successfully achieved across all regions 
despite a reduction in demand in the graphics paper markets.

Sales volume to capacity (%)

2016

2015

North America
Europe
Southern Africa

Group

96
92
96

94

93
92
91

92

Sales revenue
Sales revenue decreased by 5% from US$5.4 billion in FY2015 to 
US$5.1 billion in FY2016. The decrease was due to the lower 
sales volumes discussed above partially offset by an improved 
sales mix.

Variable and delivery costs 
Variable and delivery costs decreased by US$353 million, or 
10%, from FY2015. A reduction in the purchase price of wood, 
pulp and energy costs contributed to the decrease in costs. 
Additionally, cost reduction and lower usage initiatives in all three 
regions added to the improved cost performance. Viewed on a 
US Dollar per ton basis, cost reduced by 9% to US$422 per ton.

The net pulp purchases and sales of the Sappi group is detailed 
in the graph below.

Sappi group pulp balance

US$ million

Net pulp sales

716

104

316

900

600

300

0

(300)

(600)

(900)

(1,200)

(504)

Europe

North 
America

Southern 
Africa

Sappi group

(cid:81)(cid:3)Net sales  

(cid:81)(cid:3)Net purchases

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The table below reflects the breakdown of variable and delivery 
costs by type.

Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs (US$ million)

 2016 

 2015 

%
 Change

Wood
Energy
Chemicals 
Pulp and other
Delivery

Group

624
355
726
925
431

3,061

603
443
773
1,121
474

3,414

3
(20)
(6)
(18)
(9)

(10)

Fixed costs 
Fixed costs decreased by US$42 million, or 3%, from FY2015. 
This achievement is further evidence of the efforts to lower costs 
and improve efficiencies across the group. A weaker Rand and 
Euro did, however, contribute to the lower US Dollar costs.

Details of the make-up of fixed costs are provided in the table 
below.

Fixed costs (US$ million)

 2016 

 2015 

%
 Change

Personnel
Maintenance
Depreciation
Other

Group

894
201
250
226

930
215
266
202

1,571

1,613

(4)
(7)
(6)
12

(3)

EBITDA and operating profit excluding special items
The improved results of North America, Europe and Southern Africa benefited from a weaker Rand and Euro. EBITDA excluding special 
items increased to US$739 million, 18% higher than the US$625 million achieved in 2015. Similarly, operating profit excluding special 
items improved from US$357 million last year to US$487 million in FY2016. 

The EBITDA bridge reflected in the graph below shows the impact on profitability from higher sales prices, improved sales mix, a 
reduction in variable costs and exchange rate movements. 

Reconciliation of EBITDA excluding special items: 2016 compared to 2015(1)

US$ million

Sales revenue

625

(33)

38

126

(61)

66

739

(22)

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

FY15 EBITDA 
excluding special 
items

Sales volume

Price and mix

Variable and 
delivery costs

Fixed costs

Other

Exchange rate(2)

FY16 EBITDA 
excluding special 
items

Notes:
(1) All variances were calculated excluding forestry.
(2) ‘Exchange rate’ reflects the impact of changes in the average rates of translation of foreign currency results.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Financial performance – group continued

The tables below show the EBITDA and operating profit excluding 
special items of the business for both FY2016 and FY2015 and 
the margins of each.

EBITDA excluding special items by region
(US$ million)

2016

2015

North America
Europe
Southern Africa
Corporate and other

Group

EBITDA margin* by region

124
261
352
2

739

102
209
313
1

625

%

Operating profit excluding special items by 
region (US$ million)

2016

2015

North America
Europe
Southern Africa
Corporate and other

Group

Operating profit margin* by region

49
131
305
2

487

 27 
 73 
 256 
 1 

 357 

%

29.5

23.1

10.1

7.9

9.1

7.4

14.4

11.6

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

25.6

18.9

5.1

2.7

Europe

3.6

2.0

North 
America

9.5

6.6

Southern
Africa

Sappi group

Europe

North 
America

Southern
Africa

Sappi group

(cid:81)(cid:3)2015 

(cid:81)(cid:3)2016

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

(cid:81)(cid:3)2015 

(cid:81)(cid:3)2016

* Operating profit excluding special items divided by sales.

* EBITDA excluding special items divided by sales.

EBITDA excluding special items by product 
category (US$ million)

2016

2015

Specialised cellulose (dissolving wood pulp)
Paper
Other

Group

339
398
2

739

281
343
1

625

Operating profit excluding special items by 
product category (US$ million)

2016

2015

Specialised cellulose (dissolving wood pulp)
Paper
Other

Group

294
191
2

487

 231 
 125 
 1 

 357 

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The charts below illustrate that although the paper business only 
provides 39% of the operating profit, it contributes 54% of the 
group’s EBITDA excluding special items. Consequently, it still 
generates the majority of cash for Sappi and remains an 
important strategic component of our business.

Operating profit excluding special items 
2016: US$487 million

%

39

61

(cid:81)(cid:3)Specialised cellulose 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Paper   

Sales price increases were achieved in Europe and Southern 
Africa and along with cost reduction initiatives, EBITDA margins 
improved from 11.6% to 14.4%. All regions presented 
commendable improvements in EBITDA and operating income 
relative to last year. The European business benefited from 
increased packaging and speciality volumes and aggressive 
variable cost reductions. Increased coated paper market share, 
additional dissolving wood pulp volumes and a reduction in 
variable and delivery costs assisted North America. The South 
African operations took advantage of a weaker local currency 
which assisted with price increases and mix improvements after 
the disposal of Cape Kraft and Enstra Mills.

For further information regarding the financial performance of 
the regions, please refer to the Financial performance – regional 
section of this report.

Key operating targets
Our financial targets and performance against them are dealt with 
in the letter to stakeholders on page 12.

Special items
Special items consist of those items which management believes 
are material, by nature or amount, to the results for the year and 
require separate disclosure. A breakdown of special items for 
FY2016 and FY2015 is reflected in the table below:

EBITDA excluding special items 
2016: US$739 million

%

Special items – gain (US$ million)

2016

2015

54

Plantation price fair value adjustment
Net restructuring provisions
Profit on disposal of assets held for sale 
and other assets
Asset impairments 
Employee benefit liability settlement
Black Economic Empowerment charge
Fire, flood, storm and other events 

46

Total

 64 
 (4)

 15 
 (2)
 8 
(1)
 (23)

 57 

 41 
 (6)

 – 
 – 
 55 
 (2)
 (34)

 54 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Specialised cellulose 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Paper   

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Financial performance – group continued

The net impact of special items was to increase our net 
profit in FY2016 by US$57 million. The major components are 
described below:
 (cid:116) A positive non-cash US$64 million plantation price fair value 

adjustment was recognised following increases to the market 
price of timber.

 (cid:116) A profit of US$13 million was recorded from the disposal of 

the group’s Cape Kraft and Enstra Mills.

 (cid:116) A US$8 million employee benefit gain arose in North America 
following a one-time lump sum settlement benefit that was 
offered to certain eligible terminated vested participants.
 (cid:116) Included in ‘other events’ are the cost of a fire and electrical 
related fault at Gratkorn Mill (US$4 million), turbine failures at 
our Alfeld and Cloquet Mills of US$1 million and US$4 million 
respectively, and fire and drought damage in our South African 
forests (US$13 million).

Finance costs

(US$ million)

Net interest expense
Net foreign exchange gains
Net fair value (gain) loss on financial 
instruments

Total

2016

2015

 124 
 (2)

(1)

 121 

 180 
 (11)

 13 

 182 

Finance costs include a refinancing charge from the 2021 bonds 
of US$23 million. In addition to lower interest costs, finance 
charges were US$33 million lower than last year as a result of 
favourable exchange rate movements.

Taxation
A regional breakdown of the tax charge is provided below:

(US$ million)

North America
Europe
Southern Africa

Group

Profit (loss) 
before tax

Tax (charge) 

relief

35
14
374

423

(8)
(6)
(90)

(104)

Effective 
tax rate 
%

(23)
(44)
(24)

(25)

In Europe, tax charges of US$0.5 million in Germany and 
US$5.2 million in Belgium have been raised. Due to non-valued 
losses, no relief is available on other losses, mainly financial 
expenses in Austria. For sales offices and service companies, 
a current tax charge of US$0.5 million has been accrued. 

The North American effective tax rate of 23% is lower than the 
statutory rate of 38%. The tax rate has been favourably impacted 
by a release of tax risk provisions. 

The Southern African tax rate of 24% is lower than the statutory 
tax rate of 28%. Two mills were disposed during the year for 
US$37.9 million. A portion of the profit on sale of the assets and 
liabilities of Specval Proprietary Limited was taxed at the capital 
gains tax rate, thereby resulting in a reduction of the effective 
tax rate. In addition, a prior year adjustment of US$1.3 million 
was released to the income statement on completion of the 
FY2015 tax return.

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Net profit, earnings per share and dividends
After taking into account finance costs and taxation, our net 
profit and earnings per share for FY2016, with comparatives for 
FY2015, were as follows:

(US$ million)

Operating profit
Finance costs

Profit before taxation
Taxation

Profit for the period

2016

2015

 544 
 121 

 423 
 104 

 319 

 411 
 182 

 229 
 62 

 167 

Weighted average number of shares 
in issue (millions)

 529.4 

 525.7 

Basic earnings per share (US cents)

 60 

 32 

The directors have decided in light of the group’s improved 
financial performance and its reduction in net debt/EBITDA ratio 
to below the targeted two times level, to declare a dividend of 
11 US cents representing a five times earnings cover adjusted 
for non-cash items. The group aims to declare ongoing annual 
dividends, and over time achieve a long-term average to 
dividends ratio of three to one.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Section 3
Financial performance – regional

Below we discuss the performance of the regional businesses. The discussion is based on performance in local currencies, as we 
believe this facilitates a better understanding of the revenue and costs in the European and Southern African operations.

North America

(metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

2016

1,329

2015

1,305

% 
Change

2

US$ million
2016

US$ million
2015

%
Change

US$ per ton
2016

US$ per ton
2015

%
Change

Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry costs and consolidation entries

Operating profit excluding special items

EBITDA excluding special items

1,367
(822)

545
(486)
(10)

49

124

1,377
(871)

506
(460)
(19)

27

102

(1)
(6)

8
6
(47)

81

22

1,029
(619)

410
(366)
(7)

37

93

1,055
(667)

388
(352)
(15)

21

78

(2)
(7)

6
4
(53)

76

19

The stronger US Dollar encouraged imports into the North 
American market and forced selling prices down. Sappi North 
America managed to counter these adverse conditions by 
improving local market share, sales mix of graphic paper products 
and increasing sales volumes of packaging and speciality 
products. The increase in sales volumes did not reverse the 
impact of lower selling prices, however, good control of variable 
costs increased operating profit by 81% to US$49 million. 

Improved usage variances and lower wood and energy costs 
resulted in variable costs per ton falling by 7%. The reduction in 
variable costs exceeded the selling price drop, resulting in an 
improvement in EBITDA margin from 7.4% to 9.1%. The North 
American operations delivered a particularly good result for the 
year given the adverse macro-economic conditions and the 
performance of peers.

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Europe

(metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

2016

3,252

2015

3,242

% 
Change

0

€ million
2016

€ million
2015

%
Change

€ per ton
2016

€ per ton
2015

%
Change

Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry costs and consolidation entries

Operating profit excluding special items

EBITDA excluding special items

2,324
(1,490)

834
(692)
(24)

118

235

2,313
(1,575)

738
(668)
 (6)

64

182

0
(5)

13
4
300

84

29

715
(458)

257
(213)
(8)

36

72

713
(486)

227
(206)
 (2)

19

56

0
(6)

13
3
300

89

29

The European operations beat market trends by increasing 
sales through additional market share and improved mix. The 
realignment of customer distribution channels and the application 
of variable cost reduction initiatives, enabled the European 
operations to improve operating income by 84% to €118 million. 
The speciality and packaging business increased volumes by 
14% which offset the 1% reduction in the much larger graphic 
paper market. 

Variable costs were well controlled with energy, wood and 
purchased pulp costs reducing favourably. Consequently, variable 
costs per ton reduced by 6% increasing the EBITDA margin of 
the region from 7.9% to 10.1%. Working capital requirements and 
capital expenditure were well managed within the targets set.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

75

 
C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Financial performance – regional continued

Southern Africa*

(metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

2016

1,626

2015

1,768

% 
Change

(8)

Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry income and consolidation entries

Operating profit excluding special items

EBITDA excluding special items

* Excludes forestry.

ZAR million
2016

ZAR million
2015

%
Change

ZAR per ton
2016

ZAR per ton
2015

%
Change

16,799
(9,449)

7,350
(4,688)
1,848

4,510

5,205

15,470
(9,476)

5,994
(4,606)
1,675

3,063

3,745

9
(0)

23
2
10

47

39

10,331
(5,811)

4,520
(2,883)
1,137

2,774

3,201

8,750
(5,360)

3,390
(2,605)
948

1,733

2,118

18
8

33
11
20

60

51

The average rate of the ZAR weakened by 24% for the year, and 
had a significant positive impact on the results of the Southern 
African operations. Sales volumes were down on the previous 
period due to the sale of the Enstra and Cape Kraft Mills. 
Additionally, production problems and extreme drought conditions 
at Saiccor Mill lowered dissolving wood pulp volumes. Increased 
selling prices, aided by the weaker Rand on export sales, and 
strong local market conditions reversed the effect of the lower 
volumes. The cost of imported variable cost items increased in 
local currency terms, as did local wood costs which are adjusted 
to import parity prices. The realignment of businesses and 

simplification of product offerings improved efficiencies and 
output. The net result of the above is an increase in EBITDA 
margin from 24% to 31% and a record Rand annual operating 
profit of ZAR4,510 million. 

The region’s capital expenditure focused on debottlenecking 
processes and increasing our energy self-sufficiency during the 
year. The Ngodwana Mill energy biomass project has reached the 
stage where it is ready to start construction. We are currently 
waiting for the Department of Energy to set a date for all 
stakeholders to sign the relevant agreements to allow 
construction to begin.

Major sensitivities
Some of the more important factors which impact the group’s operating profit excluding special items, based on current anticipated 
revenue and cost levels, are summarised in the table below:

Sensitivities

Net selling prices
Dissolving wood pulp prices
Variable costs
Sales volume
Fixed costs
Paper pulp price
ZAR/US$ (weakening)
Euro/US$ (weakening)

* Based on currency impact on translation of EBITDA.

Europe
€ million

North 
America
US$ million

Southern 
Africa
ZAR million

Translation 
impact*
US$ million

Group
US$ million

23
–
13
8
6
7
–
–

14
2
7
6
4
1
–
(4)

182
136
88
83
44
8
77
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
(3)
(23)

53
12
28
21
14
9
3
(27)

Change

1%
US$10
1%
1%
1%
US$10
10 cents
10 cents

The table demonstrates that EBITDA excluding special items is most sensitive to changes in the selling prices of our products.

The calculation of the impact of these sensitivities assumes all other factors remain constant and does not take into account potential 
management interventions to mitigate negative impacts or enhance benefits.

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Section 4
Cash flow

In the table below, we present the group’s cash flow statement 
for FY2016 and FY2015 in a summarised format:

(US$ million)

2016

2015

Operating profit excluding special items
Depreciation and amortisation

EBITDA excluding special items
Contributions to post-employment benefits
Other non-cash items

Cash generated from operations

Movement in working capital
Capital expenditure
Finance costs
Taxation
Net proceeds on disposal of assets 
and businesses
Other

 487 
 252 

 739 
 (51)
 5 

 693 

 4 
 (241)
 (91)
 (56)

 44 
 6 

 357 
 268 

 625 
 (56)
 (25)

 544 

 (11)
 (248)
 (135)
 (16)

 1 
 10 

Net cash generated

 359 

 145 

Sappi generated net cash of US$359 million during FY2016, 
compared to US$145 million in FY2015 largely due to an 
improved group operating performance. Lower finance costs 
from refinancing activities were offset by higher tax payments. 
Proceeds, principally from the sale of the Cape Kraft and 
Enstra Mills also contributed to a higher net cash generated.

Working capital levels were well controlled and remained in 
line with last year. Working capital management remains a 
high priority and is discussed in more detail in the balance 
sheet in section 5.

Capital expenditure was actively managed to a level below 
US$250 million. Sappi incurred US$71 million on projects to 
increase capacity or improve efficiency. These projects mainly 
relate to the paper machine upgrade at the Gratkorn Mill and the 
energy project at Kirkniemi Mill. The remainder of the expenditure 
was spent on projects to maintain our production facilities. 
We estimate our future annual maintenance capital expenditure 
to be approximately US$150 million.

Cash finance costs for the year of US$91 million were 
US$44 million lower than last year due to the refinancing of the 
2021 bonds at a lower coupon and overall lower net debt levels.

Investment in fixed assets 
versus depreciation

US$ million

2
5
5

8
5
3

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

5
9
2

8
4
2

1
4
2

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(cid:81)(cid:3)Cash flow capex 

  (cid:3)(cid:3)Depreciation 

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

77

 
C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Section 5
Balance sheet

Summarised balance sheet

(US$ million)

Property, plant and equipment
Plantations
Net working capital
Other assets
Net post-employment liabilities
Other liabilities

Employment of capital

Equity
Net debt

Capital employed

2016

2015

 2,501 
 441 
 394 
 284 
 (411)
 (423)

 2,508 
 383 
 380 
 326 
 (422)
 (389)

 2,786 

 2,786 

 1,378 
 1,408 

 1,015 
 1,771 

 2,786 

 2,786 

During the year, there was a significant movement in the price for 
hardwood in Southern Africa; however, this was partially offset 
by the damages recorded during the year. As we manage our 
plantations on a sustainable basis, the growth for the year was 
offset by timber felled during the year. 

Our plantations are valued on the balance sheet at fair value less 
the estimated costs of delivery, including harvesting and transport 
costs. In notes 2.3.5 and 11 on pages 19 and 31 to the Financial 
Statements, we provide more detail on our accounting policies for 
plantations, how we manage our plantations as well as the major 
assumptions used in the calculation of fair value.

Working capital
The component parts of our working capital at the FY2016 and 
FY2015 year-ends are shown in the table below:

Sappi has 14 mills in seven countries, capable of producing 
approximately four million tons of pulp and six million tons of 
paper. For more information on our mills, their production 
capacities and products, please refer to page 19.

During FY2016, capital expenditure for property, plant and 
equipment was US$241 million. The capacity replacement value 
of property, plant and equipment for insurance purposes has 
been assessed at approximately US$20 billion.

Property, plant and equipment
The cost, depreciation and impairments related to our property 
are set out in the table below:

Book value of property, plant and equipment

(US$ million)

Cost
Accumulated depreciation and impairment

Net book value

2016

2015

8,130
5,629

 7,908 
 5,400 

2,501

 2,508 

Plantations
We regard ownership of our plantations in Southern Africa as a 
key strategic resource as it gives us access to low-cost fibre for 
pulp production and ensures continuity of supply on an important 
raw material input source.

We currently have access to approximately 492,000ha of land 
of which approximately 352,000ha are planted with pine and 
eucalyptus. These plantations provide approximately 64% of 
the wood requirements for our Southern Africa mills.

Net working capital

(US$ million)

Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other payables

Net working capital

2016

2015

606
642
(854)

394

 595 
 645 
 (860)

 380 

Optimising working capital remains a key focus area for us and 
appropriate targets are incorporated into the management 
incentive schemes for all businesses. The working capital 
investment is seasonal and typically peaks during the third 
quarter of each financial year.

Net working capital increased to US$394 million in FY2016 from 
US$380 million in FY2015. The material movements in working 
capital are discussed below:
 (cid:116) Inventories increased by US$11 million, mainly due to a 

currency translation impact of US$3 million and an increase 
in the value of raw materials.

 (cid:116) Receivables continue to be tightly managed and reduced by 
US$3 million. After taking into consideration the currency 
translation impact of US$2 million, receivables decreased by 
US$5 million. The decrease in receivables is largely due to 
management of receivables.

 (cid:116) Payables reduced by US$6 million. After taking into 

consideration the currency translation impact of US$5 million, 
payables decreased by US$11 million. The decrease in 
payables is largely due to a reduction in trade creditors’ 
balances, capital, interest and rebate accruals and the 
reduction of restructuring provisions.

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Post-employment liabilities
We operate various defined benefit pension/lump sum, post-
employment healthcare subsidy and other employee benefits in 
the various countries in which we operate. A summary of defined 
benefit assets and liabilities (pension and post-employment 
healthcare subsidy) is as follows:

Defined benefit liabilities

(US$ million)

Defined benefit obligation
–  Present value of wholly or partially 

funded obligation

–  Present value of wholly unfunded 

obligation

Fair value of plan assets

Net balance sheet liability

Cash contributions to defined benefit 
plans
Income statement charge (credit) to 
profit or loss
Cash contributions deemed ‘catch-up’**

2016

2015

(1,525)

(1,483)

(1,276)

(1,223)

(249)
1,114

(411)

(260)
1,061

(422)

46

17
27

52

(43)*
30

*   The income statement credit arose primarily as a result of the settlement of 

the Dutch pension plan.

**  ‘Catch-up’ is cash contributions to defined benefit plans in excess of current 

service cost.

The liabilities of our funded plans increased by US$53 million and 
for our unfunded plans reduced by US$11 million compared with 
last year. Combined, gross liabilities rose by US$42 million. The 
main effect of the overall increase in gross liability is the result of 
lower discount rates used due to lower yields in respective bond 
markets in Europe and the United States. 

Fair value of plan assets increased by US$53 million over the year 
due to opposing factors: investment strategies of our funded 
plans include a portion of assets invested to hedge against 
actuarial losses of the corresponding liabilities, contributing to 
the strong investment returns of our plan assets over the year. 

Currency movements relative to our reporting currency were 
relatively insignificant.

Since the increase in liabilities was smaller than the increase in 
assets, the overall net liability reduced by US$11 million as at 
September 2016. A reconciliation of the movement in the balance 
sheet over the year is shown graphically below and disclosed in 
note 28 on page 48 of the Annual Financial Statements.

Sappi Limited 
Defined benefit pensions 
balance sheet movement

US$ million

8

8
3

1

)
5
1
3
(

)
8
1
(

)
7
1
(

)
3
0
3
(

100

50

0

(50)

(100)

(150)

(200)

(250)

(300)

(350)

2015 net 
liability

Pension 
charge

Settle-
ment 
gains to 
profit or 
loss

Employer 
contribu-
tions
paid

Actuarial 
losses

Transla-
tion 
effect

2016 net 
liability

Sappi Limited 
Post-retirement medical aid liability 
balance sheet movement

US$ million

)
7
0
1
(

)
7
(

)
3
(

)
8
0
1
(

8

1

20

0

(20)

(40)

(60)

(80)

(100)

(120)

2015 net 
liability

Benefit 
charge

Employer 
contribu-
tions 
paid

Actuarial 
gains

Translation 
effect

2016 net 
liability

Equity
Year-on-year, equity increased by US$363 million to 
US$1,378 million as summarised below:

Equity reconciliation

(US$ million)

Equity at September 2015
Profit for the year
Actuarial losses on post-employment benefit funds
Exchange differences on translation of foreign 
operations
Movements in hedging reserves
Share-based payments
Other movements

Equity at September 2016

2016

1,015
319
(12)

38
4
7
7

1,378

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

79

 
C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Balance sheet continued

Equity increased by US$363 million driven largely by the profit for the year of US$319 million and foreign currency translation reserve 
movements of US$38 million. These increases were partially offset by actuarial losses of US$12 million attributable to lower interest 
rates.

Debt
Debt is a major source of funding for the group. In the management of debt, we focus on net debt, which is the sum of current and 
non-current interest-bearing borrowings and bank overdrafts, net of cash and cash equivalents.

Debt funding structure
The Sappi group principally takes up debt in two legal entities. Sappi Southern Africa Limited issues debt in the local South African 
market for its own funding requirements and Sappi Papier Holding GmbH, which is the international holding company, issues debt in 
the international money and capital markets to fund our non-South African businesses. Sappi Papier Holding’s long-term debt is 
supported by a Sappi Limited guarantee and the financial covenants on certain of its debt are based on the ratios of the consolidated 
Sappi Limited group. The covenants applicable to the debt of these two entities and their respective credit ratings are discussed below.

The diagram below depicts our debt funding structure:

Our debt funding structure

Sappi 
Limited

Sappi Limited 
guarantee*

Sappi Southern Africa 
(SSA)

Southern
African
debt

Sappi Papier 
Holding (SPH)

Non-Southern
African debt

Sappi Europe

Sappi North America

Sappi Trading

* Sappi Limited provides guarantees for long-term

non-South African debt.

Below we highlight the main financing activities that occurred 
during the year:
 (cid:116) In March 2016 SPH accessed the European high-yield bond 

market and raised a new €350 million seven-year bond with a 
coupon of 4%. The proceeds of the new bond were used to 
repay in full the existing 2021 US$350 million bond. The annual 
savings in interest costs from this refinancing amounts to 
approximately US$8 million.

 (cid:116) Sappi Southern Africa’s ZAR500 million SSA01 and 

ZAR255 million SSA04 bonds matured during the year and 
local cash resources were used to repay these bonds in full.

 (cid:116) During the year all existing security previously granted to secure 
certain indebtedness of SPH was released. In order to release 
the security, Sappi was required to meet various release 
conditions and having met these conditions the bank and 
public debt of SPH has now reverted to a senior unsecured 
status.

Structure of net debt and liquidity
We consider the liquidity position to be very good, with cash 
holdings exceeding short-term obligations by US$127 million at 
fiscal year-end. In addition, Sappi has US$595 million of unutilised 
committed credit facilities, including the revolving credit facility at 

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Movement in net debt
The movement of our net debt from fiscal 2015 to fiscal 2016 is 
explained in the table below:

(US$ million)

Net debt at September 2015
Net cash generated
Currency translation impact
Debt issuance and related costs

Net debt at September 2016

2016

1,771
(359)
(16)
12

1,408

SPH of €465 million (US$522 million). A material short-term 
maturity is the SPH US$400 million bond maturing in July 2017. 
It remains our intention to repay this bond from current liquidity 
sources.

The structure of our net debt at September 2016 and 2015 is 
summarised below:

(US$ million)

2016

2015

Long-term debt
Secured debt
Unsecured debt
Securitisation funding
Less: Short-term portion
Net short-term debt/(cash)
Overdrafts and short-term loans
Short-term portion of long-term debt
Less: Cash

1,535
–
1,732
314
(511)
(127)
65
511
(703)

2,031
1,239
524
343
(75)
(260)
121
75
(456)

Net debt

1,408

1,771

Group debt profile
We show the major components and maturities of our net debt at September 2016 below. These are split between our debt in 
Southern Africa and our debt outside Southern Africa. 

Interest 
rates 
(local 
currencies)

Fixed/
variable

7.85%
7.86%

Fixed*
Fixed*

1.88%
2.80%
0.40%
7.75%
3.38%
4.00%
7.50%

Variable
Variable
Variable
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed

(US$ million)

Amount

Southern African
Bank debt
Bonds

Gross debt
Less: Cash

Net Southern Africa debt/
(cash)

Non-Southern African
Securitisation
OeKB term loan
Other bank debt
2017 Bonds (US$)
2022 Bonds (EUR)
2023 Bonds (EUR)
2032 Bonds (US$)
IFRS adjustments

Gross debt
Less: Cash

Net non-Southern African 
debt

Net group debt

29
90

119
(280)

(161)

314
113
65
400
505
393
221
(19)

1,992
(423)

1,569

1,408

* Floating rate bonds/bank loans swapped to fixed.

Maturity (Sappi fiscal years)

2017

2018

2019

2020

Thereafter

(280)

(280)

113
65
400

(2)

(423)

153

(127)

29
54

–

83

–

36

36

314

505
393
221
(17)

314

350

–

–

–

83

1,102

1,102

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

81

 
C h i e f   f i n a n c i a l   o f f i c e r ’ s   r e p o r t

Chief Financial Officer’s report continued

Balance sheet continued

The majority of our non-Southern African long-term debt is guaranteed by Sappi Limited, the group holding company.

A diagram of the debt maturity profile is shown below:

Debt maturity profile

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

703

513

65

Includes US$400 million bond

314

36

€450 million bond

505

€350 million bond

393

83

US$ million

US$221 million bond

221

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2032

(cid:81)(cid:3)Cash 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Short term 

(cid:81)(cid:3)SPH term debt 

(cid:81)(cid:3)Securitisation 

(cid:81)(cid:3)SSA  

There is a material debt maturity during FY2017, ie the FY2017 
US$400 million bond. It remains our intention to repay this 
maturity from current liquidity sources. The US$65 million 
short-term trade finance facility revolves on a quarterly basis. 

Covenants
Non-Southern African covenants
Financial covenants apply to US$113 million of our non-Southern 
African bank debt, the EUR465 million revolving credit facility and 
our securitisation borrowings.

The covenants are described below and are calculated on a last 
four quarter basis and require that at the end of each quarter:
 (cid:116) the ratio of group net debt to EBITDA be not greater than 

Southern African covenants
Separate covenants also apply to the revolving credit facility of 
our Southern African business.

These covenants are calculated on a last four quarter basis and 
require that at the end of March and September, with regard to 
Sappi Southern Africa Limited and its subsidiaries:
 (cid:116) the ratio of net debt to equity is not at the end of any quarter 

greater than 65%, and

 (cid:116) at the financial year-end, the ratio of EBITDA to net interest 

paid for the year is not less than 2.00 to 1.

Below we show that for the year ended September 2016 the 
Southern African financial covenants were comfortably met.

4.00 to 1 at the end of September 2016, reducing over the 
term of the facility to 3.75 to 1 by June 2019

Southern African 
covenants

2016 Covenant

 (cid:116) the ratio of group EBITDA to net interest expense be not less 
than 2.50 to 1 at the end of September 2016 and remain at 
this level over the term of the facility.

The table below shows that at September 2016 we were well 
in compliance with these covenants.

Non-Southern African covenants

2016 Covenant

Net debt to EBITDA
EBITDA to net interest

1.89
7.40

<4.00
>2.50

In addition to the financial covenants referred to above, our bonds 
and certain of our bank facilities contain customary affirmative 
and negative covenants restricting, among other things, the 
granting of security, incurrence of debt, the provision of loans 
and guarantees, mergers and disposals, and certain restricted 
payments. As regards dividend payments, in terms of the 
international bond indentures, any cash dividends paid may not 
exceed 50% of net profit excluding special items after tax and 
certain other adjustments.

Net debt to equity
EBITDA to net interest

Net cash
Net interest received

<65%
>2.00

Credit ratings
Global credit ratings 
South African national rating 
Sappi Southern Africa Limited: A/A1/Stable Outlook (August 2016).

Moody’s*
Sappi Corporate Family Rating: Ba2/NP/Stable Outlook 
(November 2016)//SPH Debt Rating:
 (cid:116) 2017/2022/2023 Bonds and RCF: Ba2/Stable Outlook 

(November 2016)
 (cid:116) 2032 Bonds: B2

S&P global ratings*
 (cid:116) Corporate credit rating: BB-/B/Positive Outlook (August 2016)
 (cid:116) SPH debt rating: BB-/Positive Outlook (August 2016)

*  With the release of the security package during the year the ratings no longer 

differentiate between secured and unsecured debt ratings.

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next phase – growth

 
Section 6
Share price performance

Sappi share price – October 2012 to September 2016

ZAR

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00

2012

t
c
O

2013

2014

2015

2016

n
a
J

r
p
A

l

u
J

t
c
O

n
a
J

r
p
A

l

u
J

t
c
O

n
a
J

r
p
A

l

u
J

t
c
O

n
a
J

r
p
A

l

u
J

t
c
O

(cid:3)Sappi ordinary shares (ZAR) 

Conclusion
We exceeded our expectations during fiscal 2016 and are 
committed to achieving our goals through the five pillars of our 
strategic focus. We demonstrated that we were able to achieve 
cost advantages by reducing fixed and variable costs which 
resulted in an improvement in margins from 11.6% to 14.4% 
during the current year. We rationalised our businesses by 
concluding the sale of the Cape Kraft and Enstra Mills and 
our growth through moderate investments was realised by a 
substantial improvement in speciality sales in both North 
America and Europe. 

Strong cash generation reduced our leverage to 1.9 times net 
debt/EBITDA, and provided the opportunity to trigger the security 
release clause on the revolving credit facility and the bonds. 
We start FY2017 with a strong balance sheet that lays the 
foundation for our 2020Vision.

GT Pearce
Chief Financial Officer

09 December 2016

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

83

 
F i v e - y e a r   r e v i e w

Five-year review
for the year ended September 2016

(US$ million)

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Income statement
Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs
Fixed costs
Sundry expenses (income)(1)
Operating profit excluding special items
Special items – (gains) losses 
Operating profit
Net finance costs
Profit (loss) before taxation
Taxation charge 
Profit (loss) for the year
EBITDA excluding special items 

Balance sheet
Total assets
Non-current assets
Current assets
Current liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Net debt

Gross interest-bearing debt
Cash

Capital employed

Cash flow

Cash generated from operations
Decrease (increase) in working capital
Finance costs paid
Finance revenue received
Taxation paid

Cash generated from operating activities
Net cash generated (utilised) 
Cash effects of financing activities
Capital expenditure (gross)
To maintain operations
To expand operations

Exchange rates

US$ per one Euro exchange rate – closing
US$ per one Euro exchange rate – average 
(financial year)
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – closing
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – average 
(financial year)

 5,141 
 3,061 
 1,571 
 22 
 487 
 (57)
 544 
 121 
 423 
 104 
 319 
 739 

 5,177 
 3,171 
 2,006 
 1,474 
 1,378 
 1,408 
 2,111 
 (703)
 2,786 

 693 
 4 
 (107)
 16 
 (56)
 550 
 359 
 (130)
 241 
 155 
 86 

 5,390 
 3,414 
 1,613 
 6 
 357 
 (54)
 411 
 182 
 229 
 62 
 167 
 625 

 4,913 
 3,174 
 1,739 
 1,092 
 1,015 
 1,771 
 2,227 
 (456)
 2,786 

 544 
 (11)
 (148)
 13 
 (16)
 382 
 145 
 (127)
 248 
 175 
 73 

 6,061 
 3,887 
 1,837 
 (9)
 346 
 32 
 314 
 177 
 137 
 2 
 135 
 658 

 5,465 
 3,505 
 1,960 
 1,223 
 1,044 
 1,946 
 2,474 
 (528)
 2,990 

 566 
 34 
 (170)
 8 
(1)
 437 
 243 
 (36)
 295 
 148 
 147 

 5,925 
 3,768 
 1,943 
 34 
 180 
 161 
 19 
 186 
 (167)
 15 
 (182)
 528 

 5,727 
 3,787 
 1,940 
 1,212 
 1,144 
 2,247 
 2,599 
 (352)
 3,391 

 447 
 (20)
 (171)
 7 
 (17)
 246 
 (247)
 (8)
 552 
 116 
 436 

 6,347 
 3,919 
 1,986 
 33 
 409 
 (18)
 427 
 306 
 121 
 28 
 93 
 778 

 6,168 
 4,031 
 2,137 
 1,315 
 1,525 
 2,020 
 2,624 
 (604)
 3,545 

 728 
 (102)
 (206)
 11 
 (20)
 411 
 127 
 (103)
 358 
 177 
 181 

 1.1226 

 1.1195 

 1.2685 

 1.3522 

 1.2859 

 1.1111 
 13.7139 

 1.1501 
 13.9135 

 1.3577 
 11.2285 

 1.3121 
 10.0930 

 1.2988 
 8.3096 

 14.7879 

 11.9641 

 10.5655 

 9.2779 

 8.0531 

(1)  Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to manufacturing operations such as debtor securitisation costs, commissions paid and received 

and results of equity-accounted investments.

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(US$ million)

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Statistics
Number of ordinary shares (millions)(1)
In issue at year-end
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue 
during the year

Per share information (US cents)
Basic earnings (loss) 
Diluted earnings (loss) 
Headline earnings (loss) 
Diluted headline earnings (loss) 
EPS excluding special items (US cents)
Net asset value 

Profitability ratios (%)
Operating profit to sales
Operating profit excluding special items to sales
EBITDA excluding special items to sales
Operating profit excluding special items to
capital employed (ROCE) 
Net debt to EBITDA excluding special items
Interest cover
Return on average equity (ROE)

Debt ratios (%)
Net debt to total capitalisation

Efficiency ratios
Asset turnover (times)
Inventory turnover ratio

Liquidity ratios
Current asset ratio
Trade accounts receivable days outstanding 
(including receivables securitised) 
Cash interest cover (times)
Other non-financial information(2)
Sales volumes
Number of full-time equivalent employees 
Lost time injury frequency rate (including contract 
employees)
Energy

Specific net purchased energy (GJ/adt)
Renewable energy to total energy (%)

Water

Specific process water drawn (m3/adt)
Specific process water returned (m3/adt)

Waste

Specific total landfill (ton/adt)

Emissions

Specific scope 1 emissions (ton CO2 eq/adt)
Specific scope 2 emissions (ton CO2 eq/adt)

 530.6 

 526.4 

 524.2 

 521.5 

 520.8 

 529.4 

 525.7 

 522.5 

 521.3 

 520.8 

 60 
 59 
 58 
 57 
 57 
 260 

 10.6 
 9.5 
 14.4 

 17.5 
 1.9 
 7.3 
 26.7 

 50.5 

 1.0 
 7.0 

 1.4 

 44 
 5.6 

 32 
 31 
 32 
 31 
 34 
 193 

 7.6 
 6.6 
 11.6 

 12.4 
 2.8 
 4.4 
 16.2 

 26 
 26 
 31 
 31 
 22 
 199 

 5.2 
 5.7 
 10.9 

 10.8 
 3.0 
 3.6 
 12.3 

 (35)
 (35)
 (10)
 (10)
 (4)
 219 

 0.3 
 3.0 
 8.9 

 5.2 
 4.3 
 3.1 
 (13.6)

 18 
 18 
 7 
 7 
 28 
 293 

 6.7 
 6.4 
 12.3 

 11.4 
 2.6 
 3.9 
 6.2 

 63.6 

 65.1 

 66.3 

 57.0 

 1.1 
 7.9 

 1.6 

 45 
 3.0 

 1.1 
 7.8 

 1.6 

 45 
 3.1 

 1.0 
 7.3 

 1.6 

 47 
 2.7 

 1.0 
 7.6 

 1.6 

 44 
 2.4 

 7,253 
 12,051 

 7,306 
 12,548 

 7,524 
 13,064 

 7,466 
 13,665 

 7,705 
 14,039 

 0.46 

 0.48 

 0.53 

 0.56 

 0.56 

 13.36 
 52.87 

 33.91 
 31.10 

 13.75 
 52.44 

 33.51 
 31.02 

 13.95 
 53.07 

 34.13 
 31.72 

 14.20 
 51.27 

 34.81 
 32.43 

 14.61 
 50.31 

 33.85 
 31.95 

 0.070 

 0.085 

 0.070 

 0.073 

 0.075 

 0.62 
 0.18 

 0.60 
 0.20 

 0.60 
 0.21 

 0.61 
 0.21 

 0.65 
 0.23 

Refer to share statistics on page 86 for other market and share-related information.
(1)  Net of treasury shares (refer to note 18 to the group annual financial statements).
(2)  Certain energy, water, waste and emissions data for the comparative years have been restated using the latest reporting standards and measurement 

methodology.

Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the glossary on page 88.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

85

 
S h a r e   s t a t i s t i c s

Share statistics
for the year ended September 2016

Shareholding

Ordinary shares in issue

1 – 5,000
5,001 – 10,000
10,001 – 50,000
50,001 – 100,000
100,001 – 1,000,000
Over 1,000,000

 Number of
 shareholders 

 4,936
 226 
 432 
 169 
 332 
 74 

 6,169 

 % 

 80.0
 3.7 
 7.0 
 2.7 
 5.4 
 1.2 

 Number 
 of shares(1) 

 % of shares 
 in issue 

 3,216,409
 1,666,025 
 10,714,561 
 12,092,738 
 111,204,159 
 391,669,709 

 0.6
 0.3 
 2.0 
 2.3 
 21.0 
 73.8 

 100.0 

 530,563,601 

 100.0 

(1)  The number of shares excludes 10,882,622 treasury shares held by the group.

Shareholder spread

Type of shareholder

Non-public 

Group directors
Associates of group directors
Trustees of the company’s share and retirement funding schemes
Share owners who, by virtue of any agreement, have the right to nominate board members
Share owners interested in 10% or more of the issued shares

Public (the number of public shareholders as at September 2016 was 6,157)

 % of shares 
 in issue 

 0.2 
 0.2 
–
–
–
–
 99.8 

 100.0 

Sappi has a primary listing on the JSE Limited and a Level 1 ADR programme that trades in the over-the-counter market in the 
United States.

A large number of shares are held by nominee companies for beneficial shareholders. Pursuant to section 56(7) of the Companies 
Act 71 of 2008 of South Africa, the directors have investigated the beneficial ownership of shares in Sappi Limited, including those 
which are registered in the nominee holdings. These investigations revealed as of September 2016, the following are beneficial holders 
of more than 5% of the issued share capital of Sappi Limited:

Beneficial holder

Public Investment Corporation
Allan Gray Balanced Fund (ZA)

 Shares 

 79,107,397 
 27,903,157 

Further, as a result of these investigations, the directors have ascertained that some of the shares registered in the names of the 
nominee holders are managed by various fund managers and that, as of September 2016, the following fund managers were 
responsible for managing 5% or more of the share capital of Sappi Limited:

Fund manager

Allan Gray Limited
Public Investment Corporation
Prudential Portfolio Advisors
Old Mutual Plc
Dimensional Fund Advisors

 Shares 

 75,999,266
 71,078,778 
 45,094,666 
 31,403,199 
 27,309,408 

 % 

 14.9 
 5.3 

 % 

 14.3
 13.4 
 8.5 
 5.9 
 5.1 

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proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
Share statistics

Ordinary shares in issue (millions)(1)
Net asset value per share (US cents)
Number of shares traded (millions)
JSE
New York

Value of shares traded

JSE (ZAR million)
New York (US$ million)
Percentage of issued shares traded
Market price per share
– year-end 

– highest 

– lowest 

JSE (South African cents)
New York (US cents)
JSE (South African cents)
New York (US cents)
JSE (South African cents)
New York (US cents)

Earnings yield (%)(2)
Price/earnings ratio (times)(2)
Total market capitalisation (US$ million)(2)

 2016 

 2015 

 2014 

2013

2012

 530.6 
 260 

 544.7 
 0.9 

 526.4 
 193 

 351.0 
 1.1 

 524.2 
 199 

 296.9 
 2.0 

 35,428.6 
 4.2 
 102.8 

 15,642.5 
 4.4 
 66.9 

 10,500.0 
 6.1 
 57.0 

 7,226 
 522 
 7,942 
 522 
 3,982 
 282 
 11.39 
 8.78 
 2,796 

 4,069 
 286 
 5,279 
 448 
 3,610 
 267 
 10.94 
 9.14 
 1,539 

 4,337 
 385 
 4,755 
 425 
 2,525 
 247 
 6.73 
 14.86 
 2,025 

 521.5 
 219 

 323.3 
 3.1 

 8,634.7 
 8.8 
 62.6 

 2,549 
 249 
 3,300 
 389 
 2,204 
 228 
 negative 
 negative 
 1,317 

 520.8 
 293 

 365.3 
 2.8 

 9,262.9 
 8.9 
 70.7 

 2,366 
 285 
 2,999 
 373 
 2,092 
 257 
 6.32 
 15.82 
 1,484 

(1)  The number of shares excludes 10,882,622 treasury shares held by the group.
(2)  Based on financial year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited. Income statement amounts have been converted at average year-to-date exchange rates.

Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the Glossary on page 88.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

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G l o s s a r y   a n d   n o t i c e   t o   s h a r e h o l d e r s

Glossary

General definitions
AF&PA – American Forest and Paper 
Association

air dry tons (ADT) – meaning dry solids 
content of 90% and moisture content of 
10%

biofuels – organic material such as wood, 
waste and alcohol fuels, as well as 
gaseous and liquid fuels produced from 
these feedstocks when they are burned 
to produce energy

black liquor – the spent cooking liquor 
from the pulping process which arises 
when pulpwood is cooked in a digester 
thereby removing lignin, hemicellulose and 
other extractives from the wood to free the 
cellulose fibres. The resulting black liquor 
is an aqueous solution of lignin residues, 
hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals 
used in the pulping process. Black liquor 
contains slightly more than half of the 
energy content of the wood fed into the 
digester

bleached pulp – pulp that has been 
bleached by means of chemical additives 
to make it suitable for fine paper 
production

casting and release paper – embossed 
paper used to impart design in 
polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride plastic 
films for the production of synthetic leather 
and other textured surfaces. The term also 
applies to backing paper for self-adhesive 
labels

CEPI – Confederation of European Paper 
Industries

chemical oxygen demand (COD) – the 
amount of oxygen required to break down 
the organic compounds in effluent

chemical pulp – a generic term for pulp 
made from woodfibre that has been 
produced in a chemical process

CHP – combined heat and power

coated papers – papers that contain a 
layer of coating material on one or both 
sides. The coating materials, consisting 
of pigments and binders, act as a filler to 
improve the printing surface of the paper

coated mechanical – coated paper 
made from groundwood pulp which has 
been produced in a mechanical process, 
primarily used for magazines, catalogues 
and advertising material

coated woodfree – coated paper made 
from chemical pulp which is made from 
woodfibre that has been produced in a 
chemical process, primarily used for 
high-end publications and advertising 
material

corrugating medium – paperboard 
made from chemical and semi-chemical 
pulp, or waste paper, that is to be 
converted to a corrugated board by 
passing it through corrugating cylinders. 
Corrugating medium between layers of 
linerboard form the board from which 
corrugated boxes are produced

COSO – the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organisations of the Treadway 
Commission 

CSI and CSR – corporate social 
investment and corporate social 
responsibility

dissolving pulp – highly purified chemical 
pulp derived primarily from wood, but also 
from cotton linters intended primarily for 
conversion into chemical derivatives of 
cellulose and used mainly in the 
manufacture of viscose staple fibre, 
solvent spin fibre and filament

dissolving wood pulp – highly purified 
chemical pulp derived from wood intended 
primarily for conversion into chemical 
derivatives of cellulose and used mainly in 
the manufacture of viscose staple fibre, 
solvent spin fibre and filament

energy – present in many forms such as 
solar, mechanical, thermal, electrical and 
chemical. Any source of energy can be 
tapped to perform work. In power plants, 
coal is burned and its chemical energy is 
converted into electrical energy. To 
generate steam, coal and other fossil fuels 
are burned, thus converting stored 
chemical energy into thermal energy

fibre – generally referred to as pulp in the 
paper industry. Wood is treated chemically 
or mechanically to separate the fibres 
during the pulping process

fine paper – paper usually produced from 
chemical pulp for printing and writing 
purposes and consisting of coated and 
uncoated paper

Forestry SA – largest forestry 
organisation representing growers of 
timber in South Africa

FSC® – in terms of the Forest Stewardship 
Council® (FSC®) scheme, there are two 
types of certification. In order for land to 
achieve FSC endorsement, its forest 
management practices must meet the 
FSC’s 10 principles and other assorted 
criteria. For manufacturers of forest 
products, including paper manufacturers 
like Sappi, Chain-of-Custody certification 
involves independent verification of the 
supply chain, which identifies and tracks 
the timber through all stages of the 
production process from the tree farm 
to the end product

full-time equivalent employee – the 
number of total hours worked divided by 
the maximum number of compensable 
hours in a full-time schedule as defined by 
law

greenhouse gas (GHG) – the GHGs 
included in the Kyoto Protocol are 
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons 
and sulphur hexafluoride

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ISO – developed by the International 
Standardisation Organisation (ISO), 
ISO 9000 is a series of standards focused 
on quality management systems, while the 
ISO 14001 series is focused on 
environmental performance and 
management

JSE Limited – the main securities 
exchange in South Africa

NBSK – Northern Bleached Softwood 
Kraft pulp. One of the main varieties of 
market pulp, produced from coniferous 
trees (ie spruce, pine) in Scandinavia, 
Canada and northern USA. The price of 
NBSK is a benchmark widely used in the 
pulp and paper industry for comparative 
purposes

NPO – non-profit organisation

kraft paper – packaging paper (bleached 
or unbleached) made from kraft pulp

natural/indigenous forest – pristine 
areas not used commercially

kraft pulp – chemical wood pulp 
produced by digesting wood by means 
of the sulphate pulping process

Kyoto Protocol – a document signed 
by over 160 countries at Kyoto, Japan 
in December 1997 which commits 
signatories to reducing their emission 
of greenhouse gases relative to levels 
emitted in 1990

liquor – white liquor is the aqueous 
solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium 
sulphide used to extract lignin during kraft 
pulping. Black liquor is the resultant 
combination of lignin, water and chemicals 

Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate 
(LTIFR) – number of lost time injuries 
x 200,000 divided by man hours

linerboard – the grade of paperboard 
used for the exterior facings of corrugated 
board. Linerboard is combined with 
corrugating medium by converters to 
produce corrugated board used in boxes

managed forest – naturally occurring 
forests that are harvested commercially

market pulp – pulp produced for sale 
on the open market, as opposed to that 
produced for own consumption in an 
integrated mill

mechanical pulp – pulp produced by 
means of the mechanical grinding or 
refining of wood or woodchips

NBHK – Northern Bleached Hardwood 
Kraft pulp. One of the varieties of market 
pulp, produced from hardwood trees 
(ie birch or aspen) in Scandinavia, Canada 
and northern USA

newsprint – paper produced for the 
printing of newspapers mainly from 
mechanical pulp and/or recycled waste 
paper

OHSAS – an international health and 
safety standard aimed at minimising 
occupational health and safety risks firstly, 
by conducting a variety of analyses and 
secondly, by setting standards

OTC – over-the-counter trading of shares

packaging paper – paper used for 
packaging purposes

PAMSA – Paper Manufacturers’ 
Association of South Africa

PEFC™ – the world’s largest forest 
certification system, the PEFC™ is 
focused on promoting sustainable forest 
management. Using multi-stakeholder 
processes, the organisation develops 
forest management certification standards 
and schemes which have been signed 
by 37 nations in Europe and other 
inter-governmental processes for 
sustainable forestry management around 
the world

plantation – tree farms

power – the rate at which energy is used 
or produced

PM – paper machine

pulpwood – wood suitable for producing 
pulp – usually not of sufficient standard for 
sawmilling

sackkraft – kraft paper used to produce 
multiwall paper sacks

Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions – the 
Greenhouse Gas Protocol defines Scope 
1 (direct) and Scope 2 (indirect) emissions 
as follows:
 (cid:116) Direct GHG emissions are emissions 

from sources that are owned or 
controlled by the reporting entity, and
 (cid:116) Indirect GHG emissions are emissions 
that are a consequence of the activities 
of the reporting entity, but occur at 
sources owned or controlled by another 
entity

silviculture costs – growing and tending 
costs of trees in forestry operations

solid waste – dry organic and inorganic 
waste materials

Specialised Cellulose – the business 
within Sappi which oversees the 
production and marketing of dissolving 
wood pulp

speciality paper – a generic term for a 
group of papers intended for commercial 
and industrial use such as flexible 
packaging, metallised base paper, coated 
bag paper, etc

specific – when data is expressed in 
specific form, this means that the actual 
quantity consumed during the year 
indicated, whether energy, water, 
emissions or solid waste, is expressed 
in terms of a production parameter. 
For Sappi, as with other pulp and paper 
companies, this parameter is air dry tons 
of saleable product

specific purchased energy – the term 
‘specific’ indicates that the actual quantity 
during the year indicated, is expressed in 
terms of a production parameter. For 
Sappi, as with other pulp and paper 
companies, the parameter is air dry tons 
of product

Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI®) 
– the SFI® programme is a comprehensive 
system of objectives and performance 
measures which integrate the sustained 
growing and harvesting of trees and the 
protection of plants and animals

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

89

 
G l o s s a r y   a n d   n o t i c e   t o   s h a r e h o l d e r s

Glossary continued

thermo-mechanical pulp – pulp 
produced by processing woodfibres using 
heat and mechanical grinding or refining 
wood or woodchips

ton/tonne – term used in this report to 
denote a metric ton of 1,000kg

total suspended solids (TSS) – refers to 
matter suspended or dissolved in effluent

uncoated woodfree paper – printing 
and writing paper made from bleached 
chemical pulp used for general printing, 
photocopying and stationery, etc. Referred 
to as uncoated as it does not contain a 
layer of pigment to give it a coated surface

viscose staple fibre (VSF) – a natural 
fibre made from purified cellulose, primarily 
from dissolving wood pulp that can be 
twisted to form yarn

woodfree paper – paper made from 
chemical pulp

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 
– the world’s largest conservation 
organisation, focused on supporting 
biological diversity

General financial definitions
acquisition date – the date on which 
control in respect of subsidiaries, joint 
control in respect of joint arrangements 
and significant influence in associates 
commences

associate – an entity over which the 
investor has significant influence

basic earnings per share – net profit for 
the year divided by the weighted average 
number of shares in issue during the year

commissioning date – the date that an 
item of property, plant and equipment, 
whether acquired or constructed, is 
brought into use

compound annual growth rate – the 
mean annual growth rate of an investment 
over a specified period of time longer than 
one year

control – an investor controls an investee 
when it is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with 
the investee and has the ability to affect 
those returns through its power over the 
investee

diluted earnings per share – calculated 
by assuming conversion or exercise of all 
potentially dilutive shares, share options 
and share awards unless these are 
anti-dilutive

discount rate – the pre-tax interest 
rate that reflects the current market 
assessment of the time value of money for 
the purposes of determining discounted 
cash flows. In determining the cash flows 
the risks specific to the asset or liability are 
taken into account in determining those 
cash flows and are not included in 
determining the discount rate

disposal date – the date on which 
control in respect of subsidiaries, joint 
arrangements and significant influence 
in associates ceases 

fair value – the price that would be 
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer 
a liability in an orderly transaction between 
market participants at the measurement 
date

financial results – comprise the financial 
position (assets, liabilities and equity), 
results of operations (revenue and 
expenses) and cash flows of an entity 
and of the group

functional currency – the currency of 
the primary economic environment in 
which the entity operates

foreign operation – an entity whose 
activities are based or conducted in a 
country or currency other than that of 
the reporting entity

group – the group comprises Sappi 
Limited, its subsidiaries and its interest in 
joint ventures and associates

joint arrangement – an arrangement of 
which two or more parties have joint 
control

joint venture – a joint arrangement 
whereby the parties that have joint control 
of the arrangement have rights to the net 
assets of the arrangement

operation – a component of the group:
 (cid:116) That represents a separate major line 
of business or geographical area of 
operation, and

 (cid:116) Is distinguished separately for financial 

and operating purposes

presentation currency – the currency in 
which the financial results of an entity are 
presented

qualifying asset – an asset that 
necessarily takes a substantial period 
(normally in excess of six months) to get 
ready for its intended use

recoverable amount – the recoverable 
amount of an asset or cash-generating 
unit is the higher of its fair value less costs 
of disposal and its value in use. In 
determining the value in use, expected 
future cash flows are discounted to their 
net present values using the discount rate

related party – parties are considered to 
be related if one party directly or indirectly 
has the ability to control the other party or 
exercise significant influence over the 
other party in making financial and 
operating decisions or is a member of the 
key management of Sappi Limited

segment assets – total assets (excluding 
deferred taxation and cash) less current 
liabilities (excluding interest-bearing 
borrowings and overdraft)

share-based payment – a transaction 
in which Sappi Limited issues shares or 
share options to group employees as 
compensation for services rendered

significant influence – the power to 
participate in the financial and operating 
policy decisions of an entity but is not 
control or joint control of those policies

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Non-GAAP financial definitions
The group believes that it is useful to 
report certain non-GAAP measures for 
the following reasons:
 (cid:116) These measures are used by the group 

earnings yield – earnings per share 
divided by the financial year-end closing 
prices on the JSE Limited converted to 
US cents using the closing financial 
year-end exchange rate

for internal performance analysis
 (cid:116) The presentation by the group’s 

reported business segments of these 
measures facilitates comparability with 
other companies in our industry, 
although the group’s measures may not 
be comparable with similarly titled profit 
measurements reported by other 
companies, and

 (cid:116) It is useful in connection with discussion 
with the investment analyst community 
and debt rating agencies. These 
non-GAAP measures should not be 
considered in isolation or construed as 
a substitute for GAAP measures in 
accordance with IFRS.

asset turnover (times) – sales divided 
by total assets

average – averages are calculated as the 
sum of the opening and closing balances 
for the relevant period divided by two

Broad-based Black Economic 
Empowerment (BBBEE) charge 
– represents the IFRS 2 non-cash charge 
associated with the BBBEE transaction 
implemented in 2010 in terms of BBBEE 
legislation in South Africa 

capital employed – shareholders’ equity 
plus net debt

cash interest cover – cash generated by 
operations divided by finance costs less 
finance revenue

current asset ratio – current assets 
divided by current liabilities

dividend yield – dividends per share, 
which were declared after year-end, in 
US cents divided by the financial year-end 
closing prices on the JSE Limited 
converted to US cents using the closing 
financial year-end exchange rate

EBITDA excluding special items 
– earnings before interest (net finance 
costs), taxation, depreciation, amortisation 
and special items

EPS excluding special items – earnings 
per share excluding special items and 
certain once-off finance and tax items

fellings – the amount charged against 
the income statement representing the 
standing value of the plantations harvested

headline earnings – as defined in 
Circular 2/2013, reissued by the South 
African Institute of Chartered Accountants 
in December 2013, which separates from 
earnings all separately identifiable 
remeasurements. It is not necessarily a 
measure of sustainable earnings. It is a 
Listings Requirement of the JSE Limited 
to disclose headline earnings per share

inventory turnover (times) – cost of 
sales divided by inventory on hand at 
balance sheet date

net assets – total assets less total 
liabilities

net asset value per share – net assets 
divided by the number of shares in issue 
at balance sheet date

net debt – current and non-current 
interest-bearing borrowings, and bank 
overdraft (net of cash, cash equivalents 
and short-term deposits)

net debt to total capitalisation – net 
debt divided by capital employed

net operating assets – total assets 
(excluding deferred taxation and cash and 
cash equivalents) less current liabilities 
(excluding interest-bearing borrowings 
and overdraft)

ordinary dividend cover – profit for the 
period divided by the ordinary dividend 
declared, multiplied by the actual number 
of shares in issue at year-end

ordinary shareholders’ interest per 
share – shareholders’ equity divided by 
the actual number of shares in issue at 
year-end

price/earnings ratio – the financial 
year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited 
converted to US cents using the closing 
financial year-end exchange rate divided 
by earnings per share

ROCE – return on average capital 
employed. Operating profit excluding 
special items divided by average capital 
employed

ROE – return on average equity. Profit for 
the period divided by average 
shareholders’ equity

RONOA – return on average net operating 
assets. Operating profit excluding special 
items divided by average net operating 
assets

SG&A – selling, general and administrative 
expenses

special items – special items cover those 
items which management believe are 
material by nature or amount to the 
operating results and require separate 
disclosure. Such items would generally 
include profit or loss on disposal of 
property, investments and businesses, 
asset impairments, restructuring charges, 
non-recurring integration costs related to 
acquisitions, financial impacts of natural 
disasters, non-cash gains or losses on the 
price fair value adjustment of plantations 
and alternative fuel tax credits receivable 
in cash

total market capitalisation – ordinary 
number of shares in issue (excluding 
treasury shares held by the group) 
multiplied by the financial year-end closing 
prices on the JSE Limited converted to 
US cents using the closing financial 
year-end exchange rate

trade receivables days outstanding 
(including securitised balances) 
– gross trade receivables, including 
receivables securitised, divided by sales 
multiplied by the number of days in 
the year

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G l o s s a r y   a n d   n o t i c e   t o   s h a r e h o l d e r s

Notice to shareholders

Notice of Annual General Meeting
This document is important and 
requires your immediate attention
If you are in any doubt as to what action 
you should take, please consult your 
stockbroker, banker, attorney, accountant 
or other professional advisor immediately.

Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
(“Sappi” or “the Company”)

The eightieth Annual General Meeting of 
Sappi will be held in the Auditorium, 
Ground Floor, 48 Ameshoff Street, 
Braamfontein, Johannesburg, on 
Wednesday, 08 February 2017 at 14:00. 
The following business will be transacted 
and, if deemed fit, the following resolutions 
will be passed with or without 
modification.

The record date on which shareholders 
must be recorded as such in the register 
maintained by the transfer secretaries 
of the Company for the purposes of 
determining which shareholders are 
entitled to attend and vote at the Annual 
General Meeting is Friday, 03 February 
2017.

1.   Ordinary resolution number 1: 
Presentation of Group Annual 
Financial Statements
 Ordinary resolution number 1 is 
proposed to present the Group Annual 
Financial Statements of the company 
for the year ended September 2016, 
including the directors’ report, the 
report of the auditors and the report 
of the Audit Committee.

 The complete Group Annual Financial 
Statements for the year ended 
September 2016 are available on 
the Sappi website: www.sappi.com.

 “Resolved that the Group Annual 
Financial Statements for the year 
ended September 2016 of the 
company, including the directors’ 
report, the report of the auditors and 
the report of the Audit Committee, 
be and are hereby received and 
accepted.”

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of more than 
50% of the voting rights exercised on 
the resolution by shareholders present 
or represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

2.   Ordinary resolutions numbers 2.1 
to 2.4: Re-election of the directors 
retiring by rotation in terms of 
Sappi’s Memorandum of 
Incorporation 
 The board has evaluated the 
performances of each of the directors 
who are retiring by rotation, and 
recommends and supports the 
re-election of each of them. For brief 
biographical details of those directors, 
refer to note 1 under Notes on 
page 97.

 It is intended that all the directors who 
retire by rotation will, if possible, attend 
the Annual General Meeting, either in 
person or by means of video-
conferencing.

 In order for these resolutions to be 
adopted, in each case the support of 
more than 50% of the voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by 
shareholders present or represented 
by proxy at the Annual General 
Meeting and entitled to exercise voting 
rights on the resolution is required:

  Ordinary resolution number 2.1
 “Resolved that Mr MA Fallon is 
re-elected as a director of Sappi.”

  Ordinary resolution number 2.2
 “Resolved that Dr D Konar is re-
elected as a director of Sappi.”

  Ordinary resolution number 2.3
 “Resolved that Mr JD McKenzie is 
re-elected as a director of Sappi.”

 Ordinary resolution number 2.4
 “Resolved that Mr GT Pearce is 
re-elected as a director of Sappi.”

3.   Ordinary resolution number 3: 
Election of Audit Committee 
members
 Ordinary resolution number 3 is 
proposed to elect the members of the 
Audit Committee in terms of section 
94(2) of the South African Companies 
Act 71 of 2008 (as amended) (“the 
Companies Act”) and the King Report 
on Corporate Governance for South 
Africa (“King III”).

 Section 94 of the Companies Act 
requires that, at each Annual General 
Meeting, shareholders of the company 
must elect an Audit Committee 
comprising at least three members.

 The Nomination and Governance 
Committee conducted an assessment 
of the performance and independence 
of each of the directors proposed to 
be members of the Audit Committee 
and the board considered and 
accepted the findings of the 
Nomination and Governance 
Committee. The board is satisfied 
that the proposed members meet the 
requirements of section 94(4) of 
the Companies Act, that they are 
independent according to King III and 
that they possess the required 
qualifications and experience as 
prescribed in Regulation 42 of the 
Companies Regulations, 2011, which 
requires that at least one-third of the 
members of a company’s Audit 
Committee at any particular time 
must have academic qualifications 
or experience in economics, law, 
corporate governance, finance, 
accounting, commerce, industry, 
public affairs or human resource 
management.

 Mr GPF Beurskens will be retiring as 
independent non-executive director 
and member of the Audit Committee 
with effect from 28 February 2017 and 
will be replaced by Mr RJAM Renders, 
subject to separate election by 
shareholders.

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 Brief biographical details of each 
member of the Audit Committee 
are included in the biographies of 
all directors on our website 
www.sappi.com.

 “Resolved that an Audit Committee be 
and is hereby elected, by separate 
election to the committee of the 
following independent directors:
3.1  Dr D Konar
Chairman*
3.2  Mr MA Fallon
Member**
3.3  Mr NP Mageza
Member
Member 
3.4  Mrs KR Osar
3.5  Mr RJAM Renders Member

 in terms of the Companies Act, to hold 
office until the conclusion of the next 
Annual General Meeting and to 
perform the duties and responsibilities 
stipulated in section 94(7) of the 
Companies Act and in King III and 
to perform such other duties and 
responsibilities as may from time to 
time be delegated to it by the board.”

 In order for these resolutions to be 
adopted, the support in each case of 
more than 50% of the voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by 
shareholders present or represented 
by proxy at the Annual General 
Meeting and entitled to exercise voting 
rights on the resolution is required.

*  

 Subject to his re-election as a director 
pursuant to ordinary resolution number 2.2.

**   Subject to his re-election as a director 

pursuant to ordinary resolution number 2.1.

4.   Ordinary resolution number 4: 

Appointment of auditors
 The board has “Resolved to appoint 
KPMG Inc. (with the designated 
registered auditor to be Mr Peter 
MacDonald) as the auditors of Sappi 
for the financial year ending 
September 2017 and to remain in 
office until the conclusion of the next 
Annual General Meeting.”

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of more than 
50% of the voting rights exercised on 
the resolution by shareholders present 
or represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

5.   Ordinary resolutions numbers 5.1 
and 5.2: Provision of Sappi shares 
required by The Sappi Limited 
Share Incentive Trust and The 
Sappi Limited Performance Share 
Incentive Trust
 The passing of resolutions 5.1 and 5.2 
will enable the directors to continue to 
meet the share requirements of The 
Sappi Limited Share Incentive Trust 
and The Sappi Limited Performance 
Share Incentive Trust (collectively “the 
Schemes”), both of which Schemes 
were approved by shareholders, are 
already in place and are subject to the 
Listings Requirements of the JSE 
Limited (JSE). The passing of 
resolution 5.2 will provide directors 
with the flexibility to utilise shares 
repurchased from time to time by a 
wholly owned subsidiary of Sappi 
and held in treasury by the subsidiary 
company, for the purposes of 
satisfying the share requirements of 
the Schemes, at times when the 
directors consider that to be more 
efficient than issuing new shares in 
the capital of Sappi.

 The combined maximum number of 
shares that can be issued pursuant to 
the Schemes is 42,700,870 shares 
(being 7.89% of the issued ordinary 
share capital of Sappi at 
30 September 2016). As at 
30 September 2016, 12,313,341 
shares pursuant to offers made under 
the Schemes after 07 March 2005, 

have already been issued to, or 
transferred to the Schemes since the 
approval by shareholders of The Sappi 
Limited Performance Share Plan on 
07 March 2005, leaving a balance of 
up to 30,387,529 shares which can 
still be issued or transferred to the 
Schemes. Of that number, there are 
currently 14,031,774 Performance 
Share Plan awards which are still 
subject to vesting and 2,825,679 
options which have not yet been 
exercised.

 Since 2012, the Company has ceased 
allocating share awards which are not 
subject to any performance criteria. 
Instead, only performance share plan 
awards are granted to participants 
eligible for awards in terms of the 
company’s share-based incentive 
programmes. The Company will, 
however, still need to meet its 
obligations to deliver any shares which 
might arise from the vesting of share 
options which were made up until 
2012 in terms of The Sappi Limited 
Share Incentive Scheme, hence the 
inclusion of a reference to The Sappi 
Limited Share Incentive Trust in 
ordinary resolution number 5.2. 

  Ordinary resolution number 5.1

 “Resolved as an ordinary resolution 
that all the ordinary shares required for 
the purpose of carrying out the terms 
of The Sappi Limited Performance 
Share Incentive Trust (“the Plan”), 
other than those which have 
specifically been appropriated for the 
Plan in terms of ordinary resolutions 
duly passed at previous general 
meetings of Sappi, be and are hereby 
specifically placed under the control of 
the directors who be and are hereby 
authorised to issue those shares in 
terms of the Plan.”

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Notice to shareholders continued

  Ordinary resolution number 5.2

7.   Special resolution number 1: Non-executive directors’ fees 

 “Resolved that, with effect from 01 October 2016 and until otherwise determined by 
Sappi in general meeting, the remuneration of the non-executive directors for their 
services shall be increased as follows:

From

To

1. Sappi board fees(1)

Chairperson
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident
Lead independent director
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

Other directors
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

*  Inclusive of all board committee fees.
(1) Fees per annum unless indicated otherwise.

2. Audit committee fees(1)
Board committee
Chairperson
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

Other members
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

Regional Audit Committee
Chairperson
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

(1) Fees per annum unless indicated otherwise.

ZAR2,536,900*
£298,500*
US$444,440*
€401,420*

ZAR2,689,110*
£302,980*
US$453,330*
€407,440*

ZAR553,850
£65,380
US$97,290
€87,920

ZAR370,150
£43,550
US$64,840
€58,570

ZAR587,080
£66,360
US$99,240
€89,240

ZAR392,360
£44,200
US$66,140
€59,450

From

To

ZAR384,360
£44,220
US$67,180
€59,470

ZAR192,180
£22,240
US$32,760
€29,900

ZAR407,420
£44,880
US$68,520
€60,360

ZAR203,710
£22,570
US$33,420
€30,350

£5,690 per meeting

ZAR48,445 per meeting ZAR51,350 per meeting
£5,780 per meeting
US$8,220 per meeting  US$8,380 per meeting 
€7,770 per meeting

€7,650 per meeting

 “Resolved as an ordinary resolution 
that any subsidiary of Sappi 
(Subsidiary) be and is hereby 
authorised in terms of the Listings 
Requirements of the JSE to sell at 
the price at which the participant is 
allowed to acquire the company’s 
shares and to transfer to The Sappi 
Limited Share Incentive Trust and/or 
The Sappi Limited Performance Share 
Incentive Trust (collectively “the 
Schemes”) those numbers of Sappi’s 
shares acquired by that subsidiary 
from time to time but not exceeding 
the maximum number of Sappi’s 
shares available to the Schemes as 
may be required by the Schemes 
when a participant to whom Sappi’s 
shares will be allocated has been 
identified.”

 In order for these resolutions to be 
adopted, in each case the support of 
more than 50% of the voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by 
shareholders present or represented 
by proxy at the Annual General 
Meeting and entitled to exercise voting 
rights on the resolution is required.

6.   Ordinary resolution number 6: 

Remuneration policy 
 “Resolved as an ordinary resolution, 
that the company’s remuneration 
policy as contained in the 
compensation report on pages 55 
to 61 of the Annual Integrated Report, 
be and is hereby endorsed by way of 
a non-binding advisory vote.”

 This non-binding advisory vote is 
being proposed in accordance with 
the recommendations of King III.

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of more than 
50% of the voting rights exercised on 
the resolution by shareholders present 
or represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

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3. Human Resources and 

Compensation Committee, 
Nomination and Governance 
Committee, Social, Ethics, 
Sustainability and 
Transformation Committee 
and any other committees(1)
Chairperson
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

Other members
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

4. Additional meeting fees for 

board meetings in excess of 
five meetings per annum 
whether attended in person 
or by teleconference/
video-conference
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States resident
If European resident

5. Travel compensation

For more than 10 flight hours 
return

From

To

ZAR231,080
£26,270
US$38,380
€35,320

ZAR120,260
£18,415
US$23,455
€24,760

ZAR244,950
£26,660
US$39,150
€35,850

ZAR127,480
£18,690
US$23,920
€25,130

From

To

£4,310 per meeting

ZAR37,100 per meeting ZAR39,330 per meeting
£4,380 per meeting
US$6,480 per meeting  US$6,610 per meeting 
€5,890 per meeting

€5,800 per meeting

US$3,400 per meeting US$3,500 per meeting

(1) Fees per annum unless indicated otherwise.

 Sappi’s practice, as recorded 
previously, is to review directors’ fees 
annually. Special resolution number 1 
increases the remuneration currently 
paid to non-executive directors and 
board committee members by 
between approximately 1.5% and 6% 
per annum depending generally on the 
domicile of the directors and the 
currency in which they are paid, with 
effect from 01 October 2016. The fees 
were last increased with effect from 
01 October 2015 and have been 
reviewed to ensure that Sappi’s fees 
remain generally comparable with 

those of its peer companies in the 
various countries in which its directors 
are domiciled.

 The review also takes into account 
that the responsibility of non-executive 
directors continues to increase 
substantially flowing from legislative, 
regulatory and corporate governance 
developments and requirements in 
South Africa and elsewhere.

 Non-executive directors’ fees are paid 
quarterly (in March, June, September 
and December each year) and the 
proposed increase, if approved, will be 

applicable to payments to be made in 
December 2016 onwards. Initially the 
December 2016 payment will be made 
on the basis of the existing fee 
structure, and following shareholder 
approval of the proposed increases, 
the shortfall in the December 2016 
payment will be made up in the March 
2017 payment.

 The practice has been and will 
continue to be that directors’ fees and 
board committee fees are paid to 
non-executive directors only.

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of at least 75% 
of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or 
represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

 8.   Special resolution number 2: 

Loans or other financial assistance 
to related or inter-related 
companies
 The Companies Act provides, among 
other things, that, except to the extent 
that the Memorandum of Incorporation 
of a company provides otherwise, the 
board may authorise the company to 
provide direct or indirect financial 
assistance (which includes lending 
money, guaranteeing a loan or other 
obligation and securing any debt or 
obligation) to a related or inter-related 
company or corporation, provided that 
such authorisation shall be made 
pursuant to a special resolution of the 
shareholders adopted within the 
previous two years, which approved 
such assistance either for the specific 
recipient or generally for a category of 
potential recipients and the specific 
recipient falls within that category.

 “Resolved that the directors of the 
company be and are hereby 
authorised, in accordance with the 
Companies Act, to authorise the 
company to provide direct or indirect 
financial assistance to any company or 

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Notice to shareholders continued

corporation which is related or 
inter-related to the company.”

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of at least 75% 
of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or 
represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

9.   Ordinary resolution number 7: 

Signature of documents 
 “Resolved that any director of Sappi is 
authorised to sign all such documents 
and do all such things as may be 
necessary for or incidental to the 
implementation of the resolutions 
passed at the Annual General Meeting 
held on 08 February 2017 or any 
adjournment thereof.”

 In order for this resolution to be 
adopted, the support of more than 
50% of the voting rights exercised on 
the resolution by shareholders present 
or represented by proxy at the Annual 
General Meeting and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution 
is required.

10.  To receive a report from the Social, 

Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee 
 Shareholders are referred to the 
Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee report on 
page 62.

Proxies
Shareholders are entitled to appoint one 
or more proxies to attend, speak and on 
a poll to vote in their stead. A proxy need 
not be a shareholder. For the convenience 
of shareholders, a form of proxy is 
enclosed.

The attached form of proxy is only to be 
completed by shareholders who hold 
Sappi shares in certificated form or have 
dematerialised their shares (ie have 
replaced the paper share certificates with 
electronic records of ownership under 
JSE’s electronic settlement system (Strate 
Limited) and are recorded in the sub-
register in ‘own name’ dematerialised form 

(ie shareholders who have specifically 
instructed their Central Securities 
Depositary Participant (CSDP) or broker 
to hold their shares in their own name on 
Sappi’s sub-register).

Shareholders who have dematerialised 
their shares and who are not registered as 
‘own name’ dematerialised shareholders 
and who wish to:
 (cid:116) Attend the Annual General Meeting 

must instruct their CSDP or brokers to 
provide them with a letter of 
representation to enable them to attend 
such meeting, or

 (cid:116) Vote, but not to attend the Annual 

General Meeting, must provide their 
CSDPs or brokers with their voting 
instructions in terms of the relevant 
custody agreement between them and 
their CSDPs or brokers.

Such a shareholder must not complete the 
attached form of proxy.

When authorised to do so, CSDPs or 
brokers recorded in Sappi’s sub-register 
or their nominees should vote either by 
appointing a duly authorised 
representative to attend and vote at the 
Annual General Meeting to be held on 
08 February 2017 or any adjournment 
thereof or by completing the attached 
form of proxy and returning it to one of the 
addresses indicated on the form of proxy 
in accordance with the instructions 
thereon.

Electronic participation by 
shareholders
Should any shareholder (or any proxy for 
a shareholder) wish to participate in the 
Annual General Meeting by way of 
electronic participation, that shareholder 
should make application in writing 
(including details as to how the 
shareholder or the shareholder’s 
representative or proxy, can be contacted) 
to so participate to the transfer 
secretaries, at their address as reflected 
on page 98, to be received by the transfer 
secretaries at least five business days prior 
to the Annual General Meeting in order for 
the transfer secretaries to arrange for the 
shareholder (or the shareholder’s 
representative or proxy) to provide 

reasonably satisfactory identification to the 
transfer secretaries for the purposes of 
section 63(1) of the Companies Act and 
for the transfer secretaries to provide the 
shareholder (or the shareholder’s 
representative or proxy) with details as to 
how to access any electronic participation 
to be provided. The Company reserves 
the right to elect not to provide for 
electronic participation at the Annual 
General Meeting in the event that it 
determines that it is not practical to do so. 
The costs of accessing any means of 
electronic participation provided by the 
company will be borne by the company.

It should be noted, however, that voting 
will not be possible via the electronic 
facilities and for shareholders wishing 
to vote, their shares will need to be 
represented at the meeting either in 
person, by proxy or by letter of 
representation, as provided for in the 
Notice of meeting.

Questions
The board encourages shareholders to 
attend and to ask questions at the Annual 
General Meeting. In order to facilitate the 
answering of questions at the meeting, 
shareholders who wish to ask questions in 
advance are encouraged to submit their 
questions in writing to the Group 
Company Secretary by 17:00 on Friday, 
03 February 2017 at:
7th floor
48 Ameshoff Street
Braamfontein
2001 Johannesburg

or

PO Box 31560
2017 Braamfontein

or by eMail to 
Amanda.Tregoning@sappi.com

Sappi Southern Africa Limited

Secretaries: per AJ Tregoning
48 Ameshoff Street
Braamfontein
2001 Johannesburg

09 December 2016

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Notes
Directors retiring by rotation who are 
seeking re-election

Michael Anthony Fallon (Mike) (58)
(Independent)

Qualifications: BSc (Hons) (First class)

Dr Deenadayalen Konar (Len) (62)
(Independent)

Qualifications: BCom, MAS, DCom, 
CA(SA), CRMA

Nationality: South African

Appointed: March 2002

Other board and organisation 
memberships
 (cid:116) Capitec Bank
 (cid:116) Coronation Fund Managers
 (cid:116) Carleton Lloyd Education Trust 

(Chairman)

 (cid:116) Rondebosch Schools Education Trust 

(Chairman)

Nationality: British

Appointed: September 2011

Sappi board committee memberships
 (cid:116) Audit Committee
 (cid:116) Human Resources and Compensation 

Committee (Chairman)

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Fallon retired as an executive director 
of Nippon Sheet Glass Company Limited 
(NSG Group) at the end of June 2012. 
Prior to retirement, Mr Fallon was 
President of NSG’s global automotive 
division, with 17,500 employees, and 
where he headed up all the glass and 
glazing operations in the key automotive 
regions across the world. With annual 
sales of around €6 billion, the NSG Group 
is one of the world’s largest manufacturers 
of glass and glazing products for the 
building, automotive and speciality glass 
sectors. His management and leadership 
experience extend across a wide range of 
functions from plant management, sales 
and marketing and supply chain to general 
management, including mergers and 
acquisition experience. He was President 
of Pilkington operations in North America 
and has been director and chairman of 
companies in the United Kingdom, New 
Zealand and Finland.

Sappi board committee memberships
 (cid:116) Audit Committee (Chairman)
 (cid:116) Nomination and Governance Committee

 (cid:116) University of Cape Town Foundation 

(Chairman) 

 (cid:116) Zululand Distilling Proprietary Limited 

Other board and organisation 
memberships
 (cid:116) Alexander Forbes Equity Holdings Limited
 (cid:116) Exxaro Resources Limited (Chairman)
 (cid:116) Lonmin plc
 (cid:116) Steinhoff International Holdings Limited 

(Deputy Chairman)

Skills, expertise and experience
Previously Professor and Head of the 
Department of Accountancy at the 
University of Durban-Westville, Dr Konar is 
a member of the King Committee on 
Corporate Governance in South African 
and the SA Institute of Directors, past 
member and Chairman of the external 
Audit Committee of the International 
Monetary Fund and past member of the 
Safeguards Panel and Implementations 
Oversight Panel of the World Bank 
(co-Chairman). Dr Konar is currently a 
professional director of companies.

John David McKenzie (Jock) (69)
(Lead independent director)

Qualifications: BSc Chemical Engineering 
(Cum laude), MA

Nationality: South African

Appointed: September 2007

Sappi board committee memberships
 (cid:116) Human Resources and Compensation 

Committee

 (cid:116) Nomination and Governance Committee 

(Chairman)

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr McKenzie joined the Sappi board after 
having held senior executive positions 
globally and in South Africa. He is a former 
President for Asia, Middle East and Africa 
Downstream of the Chevron Texaco 
Corporation and also served as the 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of 
the Caltex Corporation. He was a member 
of the Singapore Economic Development 
Board from 2000 to 2003.

Glen Thomas Pearce (53)
(Chief Financial Officer)

Qualifications: BCom, BCom (Hons), 
CA(SA)

Nationality: South African

Appointed: July 2014

Sappi board committee memberships
Expected to attend Audit Committee 
meetings by invitation

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in June 
1997 as Financial Manager and 
subsequently held various senior finance 
roles in South Africa and in Belgium before 
being promoted to Chief Financial Officer 
and Executive Director of Sappi Limited in 
July 2014. Prior to joining Sappi, he 
worked at Murray & Roberts Limited from 
1992 to 1996.

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Shareholders’ diary

Annual General Meeting

First quarter results released

Second quarter and half-year results released

Third quarter results released

Financial year-end

Preliminary fourth quarter and year results 

08 February 2017

February 2017

May 2017

August 2017

September 2017

November 2017

Annual Integrated Report posted to shareholders and posted on website

December 2017

Administration

Sappi Limited
Registration number: 1936/008963/06
JSE code: SAP
ISIN code: ZAE 000006284

Group Company Secretary and Corporate Counsel
Amanda Tregoning

Secretaries
Sappi Southern Africa Limited
48 Ameshoff Street
2001 Braamfontein
South Africa
PO Box 31560
2017 Braamfontein
South Africa

Tel +27 (0)11 407 8111
Fax +27 (0)11 339 1881
eMail Amanda.Tregoning@sappi.com 
www.sappi.com

Transfer secretaries
South Africa
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited
Rosebank Towers 
15 Biermann Avenue
2196 Rosebank 

PO Box 61051
2107 Marshalltown
Tel +27 (0)11 370 5000
Fax +27 (0)11 688 5238
eMail proxy@computershare.co.za
www.computershare.com

Corporate affairs
André Oberholzer – Group Head Corporate Affairs
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8111
Fax +27 (0)11 403 8236
eMail Andre.Oberholzer@sappi.com

Investor relations
Graeme Wild – Group Head Investor Relations and Sustainability
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8391
eMail Graeme.Wild@sappi.com

JSE sponsor
UBS South Africa Proprietary Limited
64 Wierda Road East
2196 Sandton
South Africa
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8391
eMail Yvette.Labuschagne@ubs.com

United States ADR Depositary
BNY Mellon Shareowner Services 
PO Box 30170
College Station, TX 77842-3170
United States of America
eMail shrrelations@cpushareownerservices.com
Tel (US only) 1 888 BNY ADRS
Tel (Outside the US) +1 201 680 6825
www.mybnymdr.com

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Proxy form for the annual general meeting

Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
(Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa)
(Sappi or the company)
Issuer code: SAP
JSE code: SAP
ISIN code: ZAE000006284

For use by shareholders who:
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:253)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:78)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:83)
(cid:116)(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:74)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:66)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:253)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:81)(cid:77)(cid:66)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:69)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:1)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)
electronic settlement and depositary system (Strate Limited) of the JSE Limited) and are recorded in Sappi's sub-register with ‘own name’ registration) (ie 
shareholders who have specifically instructed their Central Securities Depository Participant (CSDP) to record the holding of their shares in their own name 
in Sappi's sub-register).

If you are unable to attend the eightieth Annual General Meeting of the members to be held at 14:00 on Wednesday, 08 February 2017 in the Auditorium, Ground 
Floor, 48 Ameshoff Street, 2001 Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa, you should complete and return the form of proxy as soon as possible, but 
in any event to be received by not later than 14:00 South African time on Monday, 06 February 2017, to Sappi’s transfer secretaries, Computershare Investor 
Services Proprietary Limited, by way of hand delivery to Rosebank Towers, 15 Biermann Avenue, Rosebank, 2196, Republic of South Africa, or by way of postal 
delivery to PO Box 61051, 2107 Marshalltown, Republic of South Africa. 
Shareholders who have dematerialised their shares and who do not have ‘own name’ registration and wish to attend the Annual General Meeting, must instruct 
their CSDP or broker to provide them with the relevant letter of representation to enable them to attend such meeting, or, alternatively, should they wish to vote 
but not to attend the Annual General Meeting, they must provide their CSDP or broker with their voting instructions in terms of the relevant custody agreement 
entered into between them and the CSDP or broker. Such shareholders must not complete this form of proxy.

I/We

of

being a shareholder(s) of Sappi holding

Annual General Meeting, appoint

or failing him/her

or failing him/her

Sappi shares and entitled to vote at the above mentioned

or failing him/her, the Chairman of the meeting as my/our proxy to attend and speak and, on a poll, to vote for me/us on the resolutions to be proposed (with or 
without modification) at the Annual General Meeting of Sappi to be held at 14:00 on Wednesday, 08 February 2017 or any adjournment thereof, as follows.

Number of shares

For

Against Abstain

Ordinary resolution number 1 – Receipt and acceptance of 2016 annual financial statements, including directors’ report, 
auditors’ report and Audit Committee report

Ordinary resolution number 2 – Re election of directors retiring by rotation in terms of Sappi's Memorandum of Incorporation*

Ordinary resolution number 2.1 – Re-election of Michael Anthony Fallon (Mike) as a director of Sappi 

Ordinary resolution number 2.2 – Re-election of Dr Deenadayalen Konar (Len) as a director of Sappi 

Ordinary resolution number 2.3 – Re-election of John David McKenzie (Jock) as a director of Sappi 

Ordinary resolution number 2.4 – Re-election of Glen Thomas Pearce (Glen) as a director of Sappi 

Ordinary resolution No 3 – Election of Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 3.1 – Election of Dr D Konar as chairman of the Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 3.2 – Election of Mr MA Fallon as a member of the Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 3.3 – Election of Mr NP Mageza as a member of the Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 3.4 – Election of Mrs KR Osar as a member of the Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 3.5 – Election of Mr RJAM Renders as a member of the Audit Committee

Ordinary resolution number 4 – Appointment of KPMG Inc. as auditors of Sappi for the year ending September 2017 and until 
the next Annual General Meeting of Sappi

Ordinary resolution number 5.1 – The placing of all ordinary shares required for the purpose of carrying out the terms of 
The Sappi Limited Performance Share Incentive Plan (the Plan) under the control of the directors to allot and issue in 
terms of the Plan

Ordinary resolution number 5.2 – The authority for any subsidiary of Sappi to sell and to transfer to The Sappi Limited Share 
Incentive Scheme and The Sappi Limited Performance Share Incentive Plan (collectively the Schemes) such shares as may be 
required for the purposes of the Schemes

Ordinary resolution number 6 – Non-binding endorsement of remuneration policy

Special resolution number 1 – Increase in non-executive directors’ fees

Special resolution number 2 – Authority for loans or other financial assistance to related or inter-related companies or corporations 

Ordinary resolution number 7 – Authority for directors to sign all documents and do all such things necessary to implement the 
above resolutions

Insert X in the appropriate block if you wish to vote all your shares in the same manner. If not, insert the number of votes in the appropriate block. If no 
indication is given, the proxy will vote as he/she thinks fit.

Signed at 

Assisted by me (where applicable) 

on

Each shareholder is entitled to appoint one or more proxies (who need not be shareholders of Sappi) to attend, speak, and on a poll, vote in place of that 
shareholder at the Annual General Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

* Refer notes to notice of Annual General Meeting on page 92.

sappi 2016 Annual Integrated Report

99

 
G l o s s a r y   a n d   n o t i c e   t o   s h a r e h o l d e r s

Notes to proxy

The form of proxy must only be used by 
certificated shareholders or shareholders 
who hold dematerialised shares with ‘own 
name’ registration. Other shareholders are 
reminded that the onus is on them to 
communicate with their CSDP or broker.

Instructions on signing and lodging the 
Annual General Meeting proxy form
1 

 A deletion of any printed matter (only 
where a shareholder is allowed to 
choose between more than one 
alternative option) and the completion 
of any blank spaces need not be 
signed or initialled. Any alteration must 
be signed, not initialled.

2 

 The Chairman shall be entitled to 
decline to accept the authority of 
the signatory:
2.1  Under a power of attorney, or
2.2  On behalf of a company,

 if the power of attorney or authority 
has not been lodged at the offices of 
the company’s transfer secretaries, 
Computershare Investor Services 
Proprietary Limited, Rosebank Towers, 
15 Biermann Avenue, 2196 Rosebank, 
Republic of South Africa, or posted to 
PO Box 61051, 2107 Marshalltown, 
Republic of South Africa. 

 The signatory may insert the name(s) 
of any person(s) whom the signatory 
wishes to appoint as his/her proxy in 
the blank spaces provided for that 
purpose.

 When there are joint holders of shares 
and if more than one of such joint 
holders is present or represented, the 
person whose name stands first in the 
register in respect of such shares or 
his/her proxy, as the case may be, 
shall alone be entitled to vote in 
respect thereof.

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

 The completion and lodging of the 
form of proxy will not preclude the 
signatory from attending the meeting 
and speaking and voting in person 
thereat to the exclusion of any proxy 
appointed in terms hereof should such 
signatory wish to do so.

 Forms of proxy must be lodged with, 
or posted to, the offices of Sappi’s 
transfer secretaries, Computershare 
Investor Services Proprietary Limited, 
at Rosebank Towers, 15 Biermann 
Avenue, 2196 Rosebank, Republic of 
South Africa, (for hand delivery) or 
PO Box 61051, 2107 Marshalltown, 
Republic of South Africa (for postal 
delivery), to be received by not later 
than 14:00 on Monday, 06 February 
2016.

 If the signatory does not indicate in the 
appropriate place on the face hereof 
how he/she wishes to vote in respect 
of a particular resolution, his/her proxy 
shall be entitled to vote as he/she 
deems fit in respect of that resolution.

 The Chairman of the Annual General 
Meeting may reject any proxy form 
which is completed other than in 
accordance with these instructions 
and may accept any proxy form when 
he is satisfied as to the manner in 
which a member wishes to vote.

 Summary in terms of 
section 58(8)(b)(i) of the 
SA Companies Act, 2008, 
as amended
 Section 58(8)(b)(i) provides that if 
a company supplies a form of 
instrument for appointing a proxy, 
the form of proxy supplied by the 
company for the purpose of 
appointing a proxy must bear a 
reasonably prominent summary of 

the rights established by section 58 
of the Companies Act, 2008, as 
amended, which summary is set 
out below:
 (cid:116) A shareholder of a company may, 
at any time, appoint any individual, 
including an individual who is not 
a shareholder of that company, 
as a proxy, among other things, 
to participate in, and speak and 
vote at, a shareholders’ meeting 
on behalf of the shareholder

 (cid:116) A shareholder may appoint two or 
more persons concurrently as 
proxies, and may appoint more than 
one proxy to exercise voting rights 
attached to different securities held 
by the shareholder

 (cid:116) A proxy may delegate the proxy’s 
authority to act on behalf of the 
shareholder to another person
 (cid:116) A proxy appointment must be in 
writing, dated and signed by the 
(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:73)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:28)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:87)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:77)(cid:90)(cid:1)
until the end of the meeting at which 
it was intended to be used, unless 
the proxy appointment is revoked, in 
which case the proxy appointment 
will be cancelled with effect from 
such revocation

 (cid:116) A shareholder may revoke a proxy 

appointment in writing

 (cid:116) A proxy appointment is suspended 
at any time and to the extent that 
the shareholder chooses to act 
directly and in person in the exercise 
of any rights as a shareholder, and
 (cid:116) A proxy is entitled to exercise, or 

abstain from exercising, any voting 
right of the shareholder without 
direction.

100

one sappi – intentional evolution

delivering on strategy

proactive

achieving milestones

debt reduction

next phase – growth

 
 
 
 
Forward-looking statements

Certain statements in this release that are neither reported financial results nor other historical information are forward-looking 
statements, including but not limited to statements that are predictions of or indicate future earnings, savings, synergies, events, 
trends, plans or objectives. The words ‘believe’, ‘anticipate’, ‘expect’, ‘intend’, ‘estimate’, ‘plan’, ‘assume’, ‘positioned’, ‘will’, ‘may’, 
‘should’, ‘risk’ and other similar expressions, which are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends and which do not 
relate to historical matters, may be used to identify forward-looking statements. You should not rely on forward-looking statements 
because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which are in some cases beyond our control and may 
cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements 
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements (and from past results, performance or achievements). Certain factors that 
may cause such differences include but are not limited to:
 (cid:116) The highly cyclical nature of the pulp and paper industry (and the factors that contribute to such cyclicality, such as levels of demand, 

production capacity, production, input costs including raw material, energy and employee costs, and pricing)

 (cid:116) The impact on our business of adverse changes in global economic conditions
 (cid:116) Unanticipated production disruptions (including as a result of planned or unexpected power outages)
 (cid:116) Changes in environmental, tax and other laws and regulations
 (cid:116) Adverse changes in the markets for our products
 (cid:116) The emergence of new technologies and changes in consumer trends including increased preferences for digital media
 (cid:116) Consequences of our leverage, including as a result of adverse changes in credit markets that affect our ability to raise capital when 

needed

 (cid:116) Adverse changes in the political situation and economy in the countries in which we operate or the effect of governmental efforts to 

address present or future economic or social problems

 (cid:116) The impact of restructurings, investments, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives (including related financing), any 

delays, unexpected costs or other problems experienced in connection with dispositions or with integrating acquisitions or 
implementing restructuring and other strategic initiatives and achieving expected savings and synergies, and

 (cid:116) Currency fluctuations.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether to reflect new information or 
future events or circumstances or otherwise.

BASTION GRAPHICS

 
www.sappi.com
Sappi Limited, 48 Ameshoff Street, 2001 Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa

Tel +27 (0)11 407 8111