Quarterlytics / Basic Materials / Paper, Lumber & Forest Products / Sappi Ltd. / FY2019 Annual Report

Sappi Ltd.
Annual Report 2019

SPP · NYSE Basic Materials
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Ticker SPP
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Sector Basic Materials
Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 10,000+
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FY2019 Annual Report · Sappi Ltd.
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Annual Integrated Report

2019

FOCUS

Our theme for this year’s annual 
integrated report is ‘focus’. It 
highlights our commitment to 
our 2020Vision and strategy in the 
face of a challenging global macro-
economic environment, as well as 
our belief that our vision and 
strategy will ultimately provide 
enhanced returns to all our 
stakeholders.

  See our inside back cover for more 
information on this year’s reporting theme.

CONTENTS

About this report

Group overview
6 Who we are
8 Where we operate
10 How we create value
12 Our business model
16 Letter to stakeholders
21 Q&A with the CEO

Creating value by responding 
strategically
26 Our operating context
29 Our strategy and performance
34 Risk management
42 Our key relationships

Our performance review
54 At a glance: Integrating our 

key material issues

56 Our alignment with the SDGs
58 Our key material issues
72 Our product review
80 Chief Financial Officer’s Report

Governance and compensation
104 Our leadership
108 Corporate governance
123 Remuneration Report
142 Social, Ethics, Transformation 
and Sustainability (SETS) 
Committee Report

Appendices
146 Five-year review
148 Share statistics
150 Glossary
155 Notice to shareholders
164 Shareholder’s diary
164 Administration
165 Proxy form for the Annual 

General Meeting

166 Notes to the form of proxy

IBC Forward-looking statements

How to navigate our report

Throughout our annual integrated report, the following icons are used to show the connectivity 
between sections:

Sappi’s 3Ps

Referencing

Strategy

Prosperity

Page

People

Online

Achieve cost 
advantages

Rationalise declining 
businesses

Maintain a healthy 
balance sheet

Accelerate growth in higher 
margin growth segments

Planet

Risk

Our capitals

Human capital

Finance capital

Social and
relationship capital

Intellectual capital

Natural capital

Manufactured 
capital

Sappi and the
Sustainable
Development
Goals (SDGs)

Please refer to pages 56 and 57 for more information about how we integrate the SDGs into our business.

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ABOUT
THIS REPORT

Our annual integrated report for the year ended September 2019 provides an overview of how we create value in terms of 
our strategy, mission and vision. The report deals with key opportunities and risks in our markets as well as our performance 
against financial and non-financial objectives, along with our priorities and expectations for the year ahead. While the report 
addresses issues pertinent to a wide group of stakeholders, the primary audience is our shareholders. Our global and 
regional sustainability reports address the wider audience in more detail on key material issues. In addition to our annual 
integrated report (pages 

 1 to 143), we have included supporting annexures (pages 

 144 to 166).

Integrated thinking and the 3Ps
We believe in taking an integrated approach to value creation. We understand that the long-term sustainability of our 
business will only be ensured by delivering sustained value for our stakeholders. In understanding our value-creation 
process, we take an integrated approach, considering Prosperity, People and Planet (the 3Ps) – an approach that is 
aligned with the International Integrated Reporting Council’s (IIRC) six capitals model.

)

PROSPERITY

Sustainable
value
creation

PLANET

PEOPLE 

The resources and relationships we rely on: 

Planet

Natural capital

Recognising that our business depends on natural 
capital, we focus on understanding, managing 
and mitigating our impacts.

Prosperity

Intellectual capital

Our technology centres and research and 
development (R&D) initiatives promote a culture 
of innovation to support the development of 
commercially and environmentally sustainable 
solutions for the company.

Financial capital

We manage our financial capital, including 
shareholders’ equity, debt and reinvested 
capital to maintain a solid balance between 
growth, profitability and liquidity.

Manufactured capital

Our operations require significant investments 
in manufactured capital. Investing in building, 
maintaining, operating and improving this 
infrastructure requires financial, human and 
intellectual capitals.
People

Human capital

We require engaged and productive employees 
to create value. By creating a safe and healthy 
workplace for our people in which diversity is 
encouraged and valued, and providing them 
with ongoing development opportunities, we 
enhance productivity and our ability to service 
global markets.

Social and relationship capital 

Building relationships with our key stakeholders 
in a spirit of trust and mutual respect enhances 
both our licence to trade and our competitive 
advantage, thereby enabling shared value 
creation.

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ABOUT
THIS REPORT continued

Ensuring holistic value creation
At Sappi, we take a holistic view of value creation. 

Value for Sappi is not only about delivering returns to our 
shareholders, it is about maximising the value of every resource 
along our value chain to ensure those returns are sustainable.
We recognise that our sphere of influence and impact extends 
beyond our mill gates. 

Through this lifecycle approach that harnesses the power of the 
circular economy, we strive to minimise our negative impacts and 
increase our positive impacts on People and the Planet, while 
securing sustainable profit margins. 

We then measure our value creation in terms 
of our defined, holistic targets, as outlined 

on pages 

 30 to 33.

Operating 
context

UN SDGs

Risks and
opportunities

Our stakeholder 
issues

Materiality determination

Integrated reporting boundary

Financial reporting boundary

Sappi
North America

Sappi
Europe

Sappi
Southern Africa

 8). We aim to present 

Scope and boundary
The scope of this report includes all 
our operations (see Where we operate 
on page 
information that is material, comparable, 
relevant and complete. The issues and 
indicators we cover reflect our significant 
economic, environmental and social 
impacts, and those we believe would 
substantively influence the assessments 
and decisions of investors. 

The materiality of the information 
presented has been determined on the 
basis of extensive ongoing engagement 
with our stakeholders and has been 
assessed against the backdrop of 
current business operations, as well as 
prevailing trends in our industry and the 
global economy (see Materiality on 
page 

 58).

In preparing this report, we have tracked 
environmental findings and research, 
public opinion, employee views and 
attitudes, the interests and priorities of 
environmental and social groups, as well 
as the activities, profiles and interests of 
investors, employees, suppliers and 
customers, communities, governments 
and regulatory authorities.

Forward-looking statements
For important information relating to forward-looking statements, refer to the inside back cover. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our reporting suite

Report

Frameworks

Annual Integrated Report

www.sappi.com/annual-reports  

Group Annual Financial Statements

www.sappi.com/annual-reports  

Group Sustainability Report 

www.sappi.com/sustainability  

 • IIRC’s Framework
 • Companies Act, No 71 of 2008, as amended
 • JSE Listings Requirements 
 • King IV Code on Corporate Governance (King IVTM1)

 • IFRS
 • Companies Act, No 71 of 2008, as amended
 • JSE Listings Requirements 
 • King IV

 • GRI Standards 
 • United Nations Global Compact (UNGC)
 • United Nations SDGs

AIR

AFS

SR

For up-to-date information, please refer to our quarterly results announcements and analyst presentations (www.sappi.com/quarterly-reports) 

Assurance
We obtained external assurance on selected sustainability key performance indicators in our 2019 Sappi Group Sustainability 
Report. The independent practitioner’s limited assurance report is included in the 2019 Sappi Group Sustainability Report. 

Our sustainability information is also verified by our internal audit team. Their verification process includes reviewing the 
procedures applied for collecting and/or measuring, calculating and validating non-financial data, as well as reviewing 
reported information and supporting documentation. In addition, most of our key operations undergo external verification 
including the Eco-Management Audit System (EMAS) in Europe, ISO 50001 energy certification in Europe and South Africa 
and globally, ISO 14001 environmental certification, ISO 9001 quality certification and OHSAS 18001 health and 
safety certification. 

We are also assessed in terms of the forest certification systems we use and, in South Africa, our broad-based black 
economic empowerment (BBBEE) performance is assessed by an external ratings agency. 

In 2019 Sappi Limited was a constituent of the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index and the FTSE/JSE Responsible 
Investment Top 30 Index. Being included in these indexes means that our sustainability performance has been externally 
assessed. 

Collectively, these external assessments and certifications as well as interaction with our stakeholders give us confidence 
that our performance indicators are reliable, accurate and pertinent. The Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
(SETS) Committee is satisfied that the sustainability information presented in this report has been provided with a reasonable 
degree of accuracy. 

For information on the combined assurance framework relevant to the disclosure in this report, and for the independent 
auditors’ report, see Group Annual Financial Statements on www.sappi.com/annual-reports. This year’s report does 
not include summarised financials. However, the full 2019 Annual Integrated Report with financials is available on  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports in interactive and PDF format. 

Board approval
The Sappi Limited board acknowledges its responsibility for ensuring the integrity of the annual integrated report and, to the 
best of its knowledge and belief, the 2019 Sappi Annual Integrated Report addresses all issues material to the group’s ability 
to create value in the short, medium and long term, and fairly presents the integrated performance of the organisation and 
its impact. 

We believe that this report has been prepared in accordance with the IIRC Framework. 

The report has been prepared in line with best practice and the board confirms that it has approved the 2019 Annual 
Integrated Report and authorised it for release on 13 December 2019. 

Sir Nigel Rudd 
(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:89)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

Steve Binnie
(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:95)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:1117)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)

1 Copyright and trademarks are owned by the Institute of Directors in Southern Africa NPC and all of its rights are reserved.

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CONTEXT

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DSDSC

AAP
PPE
PPIO
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
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TTAG
FRFRA

Persistent change, challenged 
assumptions, and disruption are now 
the norm, rather than the exception, 
in business and society.

Within this landscape, we have seen the 
demise or the value destruction of many 
businesses the world over. 

As Sappi, just over five years ago we 
recognised that we would have to adapt 
to this changing context – intensified by 
the fact that our industry was undergoing 
profound transformation – and so we 
embarked on a journey of intentional 
evolution. 

We focused not just on how to serve our 
customers, but on the bigger picture, 
based on our understanding that by 
capitalising on change and by being 
agile we would be able to contribute 

to a better tomorrow. This involved 
redefining our strategy to draw on the 
power of sustainable woodfibre for a 
sustainable world, focused on dissolving 
wood pulp, paper and products in 
adjacent fields.

For us, it is not about being the biggest or 
the most visible. Rather, it is about being 
able to weather all storms, about being 
able to map out a clear path for ourselves 
in an uncertain landscape. That way, we 
will continue to ensure that we are well-
matched to our environment and that we 
are agile and adaptive as that changes – 
which it invariably will. 

In a globalised market that is continually 
changing, we continue to view adaptation 
to context as a strategic advantage and 
our key to realising our group strategy.

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WHO
WE ARE

How we do business is as important as 
what we do, highlighted by our value 
statement.

Our values
At Sappi we do business with integrity 
and courage; making smart decisions 
which we execute with speed. Our values 
are underpinned by an unrelenting focus 
on and commitment to safety.
Our mission
Through the power of One Sappi –
committed to collaborating and 
partnering with stakeholders – we aim 
to be a trusted and sustainable 
organisation with an exciting future 
in woodfibre.
Our 2020Vision
Sappi will be a diversified woodfibre 
group targeting a substantial increase in 
EBITDA through an expanded product 
portfolio with increased margins, 
providing enhanced rewards to all 
its stakeholders.

Reward
We will ensure that the economies, 
regions and environments in which we 
operate benefit from our presence. We 
will provide enhanced rewards for our 
shareholders, our employees and 
our other stakeholders.

People
We will create opportunities and make 
resources available to enable our people 
to grow intellectually and bring new ideas 
to fruition. We will also continue to invest 
in and support our communities.

Leadership
We will support our existing leadership 
teams and individuals who show promise 
to be tomorrow’s leaders in developing 
agile and adaptive mindsets that enable 
us to meet and embrace change to be 
responsive to the future demands in 
all our roles. We will work to obtain 
enhanced margins across all businesses.

Manufacturing
We will continue to improve operational 
and machine efficiencies, and to increase 
the knowledge-based value of our 
products to use raw materials more 
efficiently and reduce our energy needs.

Research and development
We will focus our R&D on developing 
for commercialisation: speciality paper 
products, enhancing our dissolving wood 
pulp business, exploring the micro and 
nanoscale potential of woodfibre and 
biorefining—extracting biochemicals 
locked up in wood.

Environment
Shrinking our environmental footprint 
by reducing energy and raw material 
consumption will continue to be key 
to how we produce our products.
Our strategy
Through intentional evolution we will 
continue to grow Sappi into a profitable 
and cash generative, diversified 
woodfibre group—focused on dissolving 
wood pulp, paper and products in 
adjacent fields.

 
 
 
 
 
 
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Paper production per year
5.7 million tons

Paper pulp production per year
2.2 million tons

Dissolving wood pulp production per year
1.4 million tons

Globally we have  
12,821 employees1

390,000ha 
Owned and leased sustainably managed 
forests in South Africa

The wood and pulp needed for our products are either produced  
within Sappi or bought from accredited suppliers. Sappi sells almost as 
much as it buys.

1 Includes Corporate and Sappi Trading employees

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WHERE
WE OPERATE

Sappi Trading
Sappi Trading operates 
a network for the sale 
and distribution of our 
products outside our 
core operating regions 
of North America, 
Europe and South 
Africa. Sappi Trading 
also coordinates 
our shipping and 
logistical functions 
for exports from these 
regions.

Logistics offices
Durban, New York

Sales offices
Bogotá, Buenos 
Aires, Hong Kong, 
Johannesburg, México 
City, Nairobi, São Paulo, 
Singapore, Shanghai, 
Sydney, Vienna

Europe

Kirkniemi

employees 
5,750

paper mills

speciality paper mills

paper and speciality  
paper mill

other operation

5

3

1

1

sales offices

14

P
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s

5

0

%

o

Rockwell 
Solutions

Lanaken
Maastricht

Ehingen

Condino

Alfeld

Stockstadt

Gratkorn

Carmignano

f 

g

r

o

up sales

North
America

Cloquet

Somerset
Westbrook

employees 
2,050

P
r
o
d
u
c

e

s

2

5

%

o

f

g

r

o

upsales 

South
Africa

Ngodwana

Lomati

Tugela
Stanger

Saiccor

employees 
4,750

P
r
o
d
u
c

e

s

2

5

%

o

f

g

r

o

upsales

paper mill

speciality paper mill

paper and dissolving  
wood pulp mill

sales offices

paper mills

dissolving wood pulp mill

paper and dissolving  
wood pulp mill

sawmill

sales offices

1

1

1

6

2

1

1

1

6

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mills

Alfeld Mill

Products produced

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption

Carmignano Mill

Speciality paper; dye sublimation paper, flexible packaging paper, inkjet paper and label paper

Speciality paper; flexible packaging paper, paperboard, containerboard, release liner, label paper, functional papers

Condino Mill

Ehingen Mill

Speciality paper; dye sublimation paper, flexible packaging paper, inkjet paper and silicone base paper

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp

Coated woodfree paper and containerboard

Gratkorn Mill

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption

Coated woodfree paper

Kirkniemi Mill

Bleached mechanical pulp for own consumption

Coated mechanical paper

Lanaken Mill

Bleached chemi-thermo mechanical pulp for own consumption

Coated mechanical paper and coated woodfree paper

Maastricht Mill

Coated woodfree paper and paperboard

Stockstadt Mill

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp

Coated woodfree paper and uncoated woodfree paper

Total

Other operation

Rockwell Solutions

Coated barrier film and paper

(1) Capacity at maximum continuous run rate per annum.

Mills

Products produced

Cloquet Mill

Dissolving wood pulp

Coated woodfree paper

Somerset Mill

Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp

Westbrook Mill

Speciality papers; casting and release paper

Coated woodfree paper and packaging paper

(1)   Capacity at maximum continuous run rate per annum.

Total

Plantations*

Products produced

KwaZulu-Natal

Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)**

Mpumalanga

Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)**

Total Sappi Forests (owned, leased and contracted supply)

Mills

Products produced

Lomati Sawmill

Sawn timber

Ngodwana Mill

Unbleached chemical pulp for own consumption

Mechanical pulp for own consumption

Kraft linerboard

Newsprint

Stanger Mill

Bleached bagasse pulp for own consumption 

Office paper and tissue paper

Tugela Mill

Neutral sulfite semi-chemical pulp for own consumption

Corrugating medium

Sappi ReFibre***

Waste paper collection and recycling for own consumption

Total Sappi Paper and Paper Packaging

Ngodwana Mill

Dissolving wood pulp

Saiccor Mill

Dissolving wood pulp

Total dissolving wood pulp

Total 

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)

Paper

Pulp

120

275

100

60

280

980

750

530

280

445

140 

250

300

165 

145 

3,700

1,120

Capacity(1)
(million m2)

100

Capacity(1) (’000 tons)

Pulp

370

525

Paper

340

970

40

1,350

895

Capacity (’000)

Standing 
tons

11,056

16,536

27,592

Ha

257

272

529

Capacity(1) (’000)

Timber
m3

Paper
tons

Pulp
tons

102

240

140

110

200

690

210

110

60

150

135

665

255

800

102

690

1,055

1,720

 Approximately 135,000 hectares of our land is set aside and maintained by Sappi Forests to conserve the natural habitat and biodiversity found there.

(1)   Capacity at maximum continuous run rate per annum.
* 
**   Plantations include owned and leased areas as well as projects. 
***  Sappi ReFibre collects waste paper in the South African market which is used to produce packaging paper.

9

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HOW WE
CREATE
VALUE

Fo
Forests

Our 100% Forest Stewardship CouncilTM (FSCTM)1-certified plantations 
in South Africa give us a low-cost woodfibre base on which our 
business depends and are thus a key pillar of competitive advantage. 
Our leading-edge tree improvement programmes aim to grow better 
trees faster, thereby ensuring this advantage is maintained and 
enhanced.

MMMa
Manufacturing excellence

1 Sappi licence number: 
FSC-N003159

We focus on enhancing machine efficiencies, digitising our processes 
to make the smart factory a reality, reducing variable costs through 
new practices in logistics and procurement, as well as implementing 
go-to-market strategies, which lower the cost of serving our 
customers and increase customer satisfaction.

SA plantations
100%
FSC certified

Acquisition of 
Matane Mill
improved 
pulp
integration

BBBio
Bioproducts

We are unlocking the chemistry of trees and meeting the challenges 
of a carbon-constrained world by establishing a strong position in 
adjacent businesses including: nanocellulose, sugars and furfural, 
lignosulphonates, biocomposites and bio-energy. Extracting more 
value from each tree is strengthening our core business model.

Phase 2 of
our sugar
extraction 
plant
under way

We take an 
integrated approach 
to value creation. 
Guided by our 
values, our six value 
streams enable 
the delivery of our 
mission.

1
Our values

2

Our inputs

3

Our value 
streams

4

Our strategy

Our integrated approach to 
sustainable development 
acknowledges that we depend 
on Prosperity, People and the 
Planet to thrive. We rely on 
certain inputs to create value.

The value streams set out 
above indicate the manner in 
which we create value and 
serve our customers, meeting 
their needs today, tomorrow 
and well into the future.

Our ability to deliver sustained 
value depends on the 
successful execution of 
our strategy.

 See page 30.

 See page 13.

 See above.

Act with integrity
We strive to consistently deliver goods and 
services of the highest standards; doing the 
right thing the right way.

Be courageous
We take full responsibility for all our decisions 
and actions; operating with conviction and 
without hesitation.

Make smart decisions
We strive to be easy to do business with and 
have a ‘can-do’ attitude, always looking for 
the better, faster route to create value for all.

Execute with speed
If something is worth doing it is worth doing 
quickly, right the first time and never cutting 
corners.

 See page 6.

 
 
 
 
 
p
Dissolving wood pulp

Dissolving wood pulp (DWP) is a truly sustainable raw material. Our 
customers transform our DWP into products which meet the needs 
of people around the globe every day. Products which enable fashion, 
household comfort, personal beauty and hygiene, as well as a healthy 
lifestyle.

110,000 tpa 
expansion at 
Saiccor Mill
40% complete

Packaging and speciality paperss

Our customers use our packaging and speciality papers to add value to 
niche markets, enable product differentiation and offer environmentally 
conscious consumers an alternative to fossil-fuel based packaging. Our 
focus on innovation helps our customers to meet and anticipate the 
challenges of changing market dynamics.

Sales volumes
increased 12%
year-on-year

Graphic papers

While the digital age has impacted on the use of paper, our graphic 
papers continue to meet the needs of consumers and marketers 
around the world. They rely on paper for a tactile, emotional experience 
no other communication medium can replicate.

Paper’s haptic
qualities 
enhance
marketing 
and
branding

M A G

M

A

M
G

A

G

Our mission

All our activities aim to  
realise our mission:  
Through the power of 
One Sappi — committed to 
collaborating and partnering 
with stakeholders 
— we aim to be a trusted and 
sustainable organisation  
with an exciting future  
in woodfibre.

5

Our outcomes

6

Our key 
relationships

While we acknowledge 
that our business activities 
have both positive and 
negative outcomes, we strive 
to maximise the positive 
consequences of our value 
streams in terms of Prosperity, 
People and Planet.

 See pages 14 and 15.

Ongoing engagement with 
our stakeholders conducted 
in a spirit of trust and mutual 
respect enables more tangible 
business value creation. 

 See page 42.

7

Our global 
sustainability 
goals 

Monitoring and reporting 
transparently on our ambitious 
Prosperity, People and Planet 
targets aligns with our  
2020Vision and One Sappi 
strategic approach. 

See our Group 
Sustainability Report.

(cid:24)(cid:24)

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UNDERSTANDING
OUR BUSINESS MODEL

In an increasingly interdependent society, 
the way we operate must reflect the connected 
nature of Prosperity, People and Planet.
There is a growing recognition of the necessity for a more circular 
global economy, as we move away from a ‘take, make, dispose’ 
model of production to a more regenerative economic system aimed 
at minimising waste and making the most of scarce resources.

At its heart, our business model is circular and interconnected. And we 
continue to find ways to maximise the circular nature of our activities.

Our 
Inputs
– the resources
and relationships
we rely on

Our
Outputs
– our products
services and waste 
products

Our
Outcomes
– the broader impacts
of our business
activities

4

While we have laid out  
our value creation process  
in two dimensions,
we understand that the 
overarching reality is circular.

 See pages 10 and 11, and 13 to 15.

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Our 
Activities
– our value streams

Value for Sappi is not only about 
delivering returns to our shareholders,  
it is about maximising the value of every 
resource along our value chain to ensure 
those returns are sustainable. 

We are also committed to positively 
impacting the communities we rely on 
and support the principles of the UNGC 
and the UN SDGs, which are focused on 
reshaping the world around us to create 
a more sustainable one.

 
 
 
 
 
 
According to fact sheet

Inputs

The resources and relationships we rely on

PROSPERITY

•  18 production facilities:

  –  Eight paper mills
  –  Four speciality paper mills and

  one other operation

  –  One paper and speciality paper mill

•  Fuel rod demonstration plant

•  Nanocellulose  
  demonstration plant 

•  Biomass plant under  
  construction

•  Total assets:
  US$5.6 billion

  –  Two dissolving wood pulp and

  paper mills

•  Sugar demonstration plant –  
  now in its second phase

•  EBITDA: US$687 million, 
  a decline of 10% year-on-year

•  Cash and cash equivalents:
  US$393 million

Financial, 
intellectual and 
manufactured 
capitals

  –  One dissolving wood pulp mill, and

  –  One sawmill

•  Acquisition of Matane Mill in  
  Canada

•  R&D spend:
  US$42 million

PEOPLE 

•  12,821 employees

Human and social 
and relationship 
capitals

PLANET

Natural
capital

OUR
BUSINESS
MODEL

•  US$525 average training spend per employee

•  Ongoing stakeholder engagement

•  US$4.1 million invested in  
  corporate social responsibility

•  Access to 529,000 ha plantations,
  of which approximately:

  –  255,000 ha are owned or leased,

•  2,621 MW energy purchased

•  2,011 MW energy generated
  on site

  and 

  –  139,000 ha are contracted supply

  –  135,000 ha is set aside and
  maintained by Sappi Forests

to conserve the natural habitat

  and biodiversity found there.

•  Energy intensity: 22.84 GJ/adt

•  289 million litres of water
  extracted for all purposes

•  34.17 m3/adt specific process  
  water extracted

PLANET

PROSPERITY

PEOPLE 

(cid:24)(cid:26)

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Outputs

What we produce

•  7.6 million tons of saleable production

•  Profit down by 15%

•  Net debt down by 4%

•  New products to meet changing customer  
  expectations and market trends

PROSPERITY

•  Productivity: 4.00 hours worked/adt 
  saleable production (2018: 3.63 hours)

•  Internal global awards (Technical Innovation   
  Awards and CEO Award for Excellence), 
  together with regional awards, drive  
  excellence and innovation

PEOPLE 

•  Waste: 1.5 million tons of waste,    
  of which 377,422 tons sent to landfill

•  Emissions: 4.4 million tCO2e 
  absolute direct (Scope 1) GHG

PLANET

Matane Mill
acquisition
= high yield pulp
at lower costs

US$525
average
training spend
per employee

Our investors received US$92 million 
in dividends

Our high levels of innovation give
our customers a competitive edge
in global markets – we collaborated 
closely with specialist packaging 
converter and a global FMCG 
company to support the launch
of a new confectionery snack bar 
wrapped in recycled paper

Outcomes
The impacts of our operations

High levels of
wood certification
= competitive
advantage

Four fatalities 

(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:183)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)
classified as a Level 2 BBBEE contributor

In South Africa our operations provide employment for approximately 
9,250 contractor employees

52.9% renewable energy, of which 66.4% own black liquor

Training of smallholders to educate them on more sustainable forestry practices

95% of water drawn returned to the environment

Impact on GHG emissions offset by carbon sequestration
74.8% of fibre used certified

World-leading tree improvement programmes have led to shorter growth times and enhanced fibre gain

Positive

Negative

Neutral

Earth kind

 
 
 
 
 
4

Actions to 
enhance 
outcomes
The impacts of 
our operations

•  Tight management of  
  working capital and  
  postponement of  
  discretionary capital  
  expenditure to mitigate  
the impact of uncertain

  market conditions

•  Investment in R&D to  
  ensure cutting-edge  
  solutions for customers 

•  Ongoing diversification of  
  our product portfolio into  
  higher margin segments

•  Continued investment in  
  embedding a safety culture  
  across the group 

•  Increased energy self-sufficiency 
  by 5.4% over five years due to focus  
  on reducing purchased energy 

•  Focus on entrenching    
transformation in our 

  South African operations  

to support inclusive growth 

•  Investment in training and  
  development of our  
  employees 

•  Strong governance; Code  
  of Ethics training 

•  Group Supplier Code of  
  Conduct rolled out to  
  suppliers and review  
  process initiated

•  Participated in initiatives to enable  
  certification for small growers 

•  Adjusted our tree breeding strategy 
to mitigate the impacts of climate  

  change

•  Participated in industry consortium 

to test blockchain technology 
•  Together with other forestry  
  companies, initiated a detailed   
  climate change mapping 
  project with the Global 
  Change Institute (GCI)  
  at the University of the  
  Witwatersrand

Globally, we contributed US$131 million to government taxation

We paid US$989 million to employees as salaries, wages and other benefits

Lenders of capital received US$95 million as interest

We invested US$438 million to grow the business

Downtime at certain mills

Our specialised sustainable packaging solutions: preserve and protect, 
convey information and offer convenience 

Acquisition of Matane Mill – opens up opportunities as part of a global 
organisation

One-third of owned and leased plantations set aside for biodiversity conservation 

Negative impact on plantation biodiversity at stand level (not plantation level)

DWP used for clothing and household textiles, baby wipes and wet wipes – reducing environmental impact

Lighter-weight packaging products – reduction of carbon footprint
Expanded packaging portfolio offers customers and consumers more sustainable alternatives to fossil-fuel based packaging (plastics)

Ecosystem services benefit various stakeholders

(cid:24)(cid:28)

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LETTER TO 
STAKEHOLDERS

(cid:77)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:3)(cid:91)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:89)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:95)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:585)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)

Steve Binnie
(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:95)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:1117)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)

Sir Nigel Rudd
Chairman

Operating review
Market conditions across Sappi’s major 
product categories were challenging 
throughout the year. Dissolving wood 
pulp (DWP) market prices in China 
fell US$273/ton and reached historical 
lows by year-end, despite global 
demand growth of more than 6%. 
We experienced prolonged weakness 
in global graphic paper markets, while 
demand for some of our packaging 
and speciality grades was also under 
pressure. Uncertainty as a result of 
the ongoing trade wars and slower 
economic growth in various 
geographies were the major drivers 
of the volatility encountered during 
the year.

The company continued the strategy 
of recent years to diversify its product 
portfolio into higher margin segments 
and position it for future growth. The 
recent projects to increase capacity 
at each of the DWP mills and convert 
capacity at Somerset and Maastricht 
Mills towards packaging boosted sales 
volumes in each of these segments 
during the year, thereby lessening the 
impact of weak graphic paper markets. 
Early in the fourth quarter we 
announced the acquisition of the 
Matane pulp mill, which will increase 
the pulp integration of our packaging 
businesses, and lower costs. The 
acquisition was subsequently 
completed on 03 November 2019.

As market conditions weakened, 
working capital was tightly managed 

and discretionary capital expenditure 
was postponed or reduced to decrease 
debt levels.

The group’s earnings before interest, 
tax, depreciation and amortisation 
(EBITDA) excluding special items was 
US$687 million, declining 10% 
year-on-year as a result of weak 
graphic paper demand and declining 
DWP prices. Operating profit excluding 
special items for the year was 
US$402 million compared to 
US$480 million in the prior year.

We continued our efforts to improve 
safety across all our operations in the 
past year. All three regions have safety 
programmes aimed at creating an 
environment where there are no 
injuries. We do not accept that injuries 
and accidents are inevitable and remain 
committed to Project Zero with 
improved personal behaviour 
and making safe choices, enforcing 
compliance and leadership 
engagement. We are pleased to report 
that our North American operations 
achieved their best own-employee 
lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR), 
while being disappointed with an 
increase in that metric in both Europe 
and South Africa. Regrettably we must 
report four contractor fatalities in 
South Africa during the year. Our target 
is zero injuries, and we believe we can 
achieve this with enhanced procedures, 
training and most importantly, 
behaviour. 

 
 
 
 
 
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We built on our commitment to be 
an ethical corporate citizen with an 
ongoing communication and training 
campaign following our roll out of the 
revised Code of Ethics in 2016. This 
code recognises that we are a global 
company, operating in many different 
countries and jurisdictions. Presenting 
a coherent and consistent culture of 
the highest integrity is a core value of 
the group. We must ensure we interact 
ethically and honestly with our staff, 
customers and other stakeholders. 
How we do business is never a 
short-term consideration but should 
rather contribute to our long-term 
sustainability. For our code to be 
effective, we must live our core values 
of doing business with integrity and 
courage; making smart decisions 
which we execute with speed. 

The year started strongly for DWP 
markets, with pricing above long-term 
averages for the first six months. 
Thereafter, the combination of the 
impact from global trade wars 
on Chinese textile markets, excess 
viscose staple fibre (VSF) capacity 
and a weaker Renminbi exchange rate 
drove DWP prices to historical lows, 
impacting profitability in this segment. 
The weak paper pulp prices and 
demand dynamics kept many swing 
producers in the DWP market, further 
exacerbating the situation.

The packaging and speciality papers 
segment had a mixed year. The trend 
towards paper based packaging in 
consumer segments was positive. 
Stable South African containerboard 
demand was offset by higher paper 
pulp prices at the start of the year 
which negatively impacted margins, 
as well as the slower-than-expected 
ramp-up of newly converted machines 
at Somerset and Maastricht Mills. The 
slower European economy also 
adversely impacted the market for 
certain consumer speciality grades.

Global graphic paper demand declined 
by nearly 7% in the past nine months. 
In European and United States 
markets, demand declines exceeded 
10%, impacted by a general weakening 
in economic activity, high inventory 
levels, secular demand trends and the 
rapid series of price increases in 2018. 
This necessitated 268,000 tons of 
production downtime during the year. 
However, in the second half of the year, 
the segment started to benefit from a 
reduction in input costs, particularly 
paper pulp, helping to mitigate the 
impact of lower volumes. 

Strategic review
Calendar 2019 was the fourth year of 
our strategic 2020Vision and was one 
in which we expected to make further 
progress in improving profitability and 

cash generation via the shift into faster 
growing and more profitable segments. 
This was supported by our investments 
to convert Somerset PM1 and the 
Maastricht Mill to paperboard, and 
the DWP debottlenecking projects at 
Cloquet, Saiccor and Ngodwana Mills. 
As described above, however, market 
conditions for each of our major 
segments deteriorated in 2019 and 
attaining our 2020 financial goals 
became more challenging.

Our strategy encompasses the 
following four main objectives:

Achieve cost advantages – We 
will work to improve operational and 
machine efficiencies, maximise 
procurement benefits and optimise 
business processes to lower costs

Rationalise declining businesses – 
Recognising the decreasing demand 
for graphic papers, we continuously 
balance paper supply and demand in 
all regions to strengthen our leadership 
position in  these markets, realising 
their strategic importance to the group 
and maximising their significant 
cash flow generation. Where possible 
we will convert paper machines to 
higher margin businesses

Maintain a healthy balance sheet – 
This will reduce risk and improve our 
strategic flexibility

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LETTER TO 
STAKEHOLDERS continued

Accelerate growth in higher margin 
growth segments – We will invest 
in expanding our paper packaging 
grades, enhancing our DWP portfolio 
and extracting value from our 
biorefinery stream.

The strategic objectives are supported 
by our value statement: At Sappi we 
do business with integrity and courage; 
making smart decisions which we 
execute with speed. Our values are 
underpinned by an unrelenting focus 
on and commitment to safety.

Initiatives and actions undertaken to 
support our strategic objectives are 
outlined below.

Achieve cost 
advantages

Reducing both variable and fixed costs 
throughout the business is integral to 
maintaining or improving margins and 
the sustainability of our operations. 
This is especially true in commodity 
businesses where we face declining 
demand, such as graphic papers. 
In the past year, we set ourselves the 
target of a US$60 million reduction 
in third-party expenditure compared 
to 2018 through efficiency and raw 
material use improvements as well 
as delivering savings through various 
procurement initiatives. We are pleased 
to report that savings of US$87 million 
were realised, which helped offset 
declining paper volumes and DWP 
prices. In 2020 we are targeting a 
further US$54 million in savings. In 
2019 we began the Saiccor Mill 
110,000 ton expansion. This project, 
due to be completed towards the end 
of 2020, will improve our energy and 
chemical recovery, lowering variable 
costs for the full mill by an estimated 
ZAR300/ton. We also invested 
US$30 million for upgrades to the 
Gratkorn Mill, resulting in improved 
efficiency and lower costs. As 
mentioned above, we acquired the 
Matane high-yield pulp mill post-year-

end and this acquisition, along with 
some small pulp mill debottlenecking 
projects in Europe during 2020, will 
help improve the paper pulp integration 
of our packaging and speciality papers 
business, lowering our cost base and 
reducing the volatility of earnings 
through the pulp cycle.

Rationalise declining 
businesses

Graphic paper demand in Europe and 
North America remains in long-term 
structural decline. This was 
exacerbated in 2019 by general 
economic conditions and as a 
consequence of a rapid series of price 
rises in 2018 as a result of then record 
high paper pulp prices and the impact 
that had on input costs. Maintaining 
operating rates and lowering costs are 
key to our strategy to maximise cash 
generation in these markets. As noted 
we had to take 268,000 tons of 
production downtime in the last nine 
months of the year which negatively 
impacted the profitability of the graphic 
paper business.

market. In 2018, we converted the 
Maastricht Mill to focus predominantly 
on paperboard packaging grades in 
support of our existing packaging and 
speciality papers business in Europe. In 
2019, we began the conversion of PM8 
at Lanaken to enable the machine to 
make either coated woodfree (CWF) or 
coated mechanical (CM) paper. This will 
allow the transition from CM to CWF 
production on that machine over the 
next three years and align our CM 
capacity with demand. We also made 
investments at Ehingen Mill to enhance 
its packaging and speciality papers 
offering and will be doing the same at 
Alfeld Mill in 2020. In combination, 
these projects will replace 200,000 
tons per annum of graphic paper with 
a similar volume of packaging and 
speciality grades. 

In South Africa, our exposure to 
declining markets is limited to 
newsprint, where we are the last 
local producer, and office paper. 

Maintain a healthy 
balance sheet

In 2018, we converted PM1 at the 
Somerset Mill. The capacity of the 
machine was expanded, and it now 
has the flexibility to produce both 
coated graphics paper and paperboard 
products used in the folding carton and 
food service markets. During 2019, we 
ramped up production of paperboard 
grades on this machine as we qualified 
the various products with a range of 
customers. In 2020 we expect to 
continue increasing paperboard 
volumes, gradually filling the machine 
as graphic paper sales volumes 
decline.

The decline in profitability of the 
business in 2019 due to factors 
noted above, along with a large and 
committed capital expenditure pipeline 
during the year has resulted in the net 
debt to EBITDA leverage ratio 
increasing from 2.1 to 2.2 times over 
the course of the year, below our target 
leverage ratio of 2.0 times. With the 
completion of the Saiccor expansion 
project in 2020, capital expenditure 
levels will remain elevated, but we 
have reduced discretionary capital 
expenditure in 2020 to limit the rise 
in debt levels as far as possible. 

In Europe we focused on cost 
reduction and our go-to-market 
strategy – Sappi&You – which has 
enabled us to be a preferred supplier 
in coated woodfree grades in particular 
and has seen us increase both direct 
sales and market share in a declining 

In 2019, we refinanced the 2022 Euro 
bonds with a new seven-year Euro 
bond at a rate of 3.125%, our lowest 
ever rate. We now have no significant 
maturities due before 2023 and we are 
comfortable with the maturity profile of 
our debt. Net finance costs may rise 

 
 
 
 
 
 
slightly to between US$70 million and 
US$80 million as the net debt increases 
in the coming year. We proactively 
amended the leverage covenant on 
our European revolving credit facility in 
the fourth quarter at no additional cost 
to give us more headroom in the 
coming two years, and allow us to 
complete current capital projects 
without putting the business at 
unnecessary risk.

Accelerate growth in 
higher margin growth 
segments

After debottlenecking the Saiccor and 
Ngodwana DWP Mills in 2018, in the 
second half of 2019 we completed the 
upgrades to the Cloquet Mill, adding a 
further 30,000 tons of DWP production 
capacity. As mentioned above, we 
initiated the 110,000 ton expansion 
project at Saiccor during the year. 
Apart from additional sales volumes, 
this will decrease unit production costs 
for the mill’s entire output, introduce 
new technology, reduce the 
environmental footprint and future-
proof manufacturing systems. Current 
market conditions, with record low 
prices, viscose customers under 
significant pressure and an excess 
of DWP capacity make a further 
significant expansion difficult to justify 
in the near term. We continue to 
evaluate various options, however, 
as robust demand growth from our 
major customers and pressure on the 
textile industry for more sustainable 
solutions increases. 

Following the acquisition of the paper 
mill assets of the Cham Paper Group 
and the completion of the Somerset 
PM1 and Maastricht Mill conversions 
in 2018, the packaging and speciality 
segment volumes grew by 12% in 
2019. With increasing sales volumes 
on the converted machines and the 
related improvement in sales mix and 
production efficiencies, profitability of 
the segment will improve, aided by 

lower purchased paper pulp prices 
and the increased pulp integration as 
a result of initiatives noted above. The 
pressure on fast-moving consumer 
goods companies to embrace 
alternative packaging solutions that 
are more renewable, recyclable and 
reusable is encouraging joint R&D 
efforts to provide these solutions. Many 
of our packaging products are ideally 
placed to take advantage of this 
accelerating demand and we have 
made good progress in the last year 
in launching new products and 
solutions for our customers. The 
technology acquired through Rockwell 
Solutions in 2017 is now ready to be 
rolled out to additional machines in 
the group in future years, allowing us to 
capture more of this market. 

Sappi Biotech continues to make 
progress in developing new and 
innovative products, ideally suited to 
a world looking for more sustainable 
chemical and material solutions. We 
continue to grow our lignin business 
and have made significant progress 
to enter higher-value lignin markets 
in the near term. The demonstration 
plant adjacent to our Ngodwana Mill 
has allowed us to test and optimise 
xylose sugars extraction technology 
on an industrial scale for markets such 
as xylitol and furfural. We are pursuing 
various options to develop projects 
in these markets. Pending successful 
commercial arrangements, this may 
result in final product technology 
scale-up and ultimate construction of 
commercial xylose or furfural plants at 
our mills in the United States or South 
Africa. Our cellulose nanofibrils and 
cellulose microfibrils development is 
ongoing, with exciting co-development 
and product acceptance progress 
made in our paper business as well 
as with firms in the coatings and 
cosmetics industries. We are 
furthermore running development 
trials with our fibre composite product 
alongside automotive producers.

Sustainability
Since developing our 2020Vision, 
sustainability has become increasingly 
more prominent in our strategic 
thinking as climate change, 
governmental, societal and brand 
owner pressure mount and 
technological change brings new 
opportunities and risks. Sappi has 
always focused on the sustainable 
management of our operations, 
focused on increasing efficiency 
and maximising value from our 
sustainable natural resources. We 
have also recognised that we need to 
be more proactive in our dealings with 
various stakeholder groups and 
become a trusted partner to these 
groups to pursue growth opportunities, 
while managing the risks inherent in 
this more complex operating 
environment. Sustainability will become 
a key component of our 2025 strategy, 
more deeply integrated into the overall 
business strategy.

Looking forward
The markets we operate in are 
expected to remain challenging in the 
coming year, and profitability is likely 
to be negatively impacted as a result. 
DWP pricing in particular will have a 
significant impact on earnings as this 
segment is a major contributor to our 
profit and cash flow generation. We 
have responded by reducing our capital 
expenditure in the past year and for the 
next; and other than the 110,000 ton 
expansion of Saiccor Mill which 
is currently under way, we have not 
committed capital to any material 
project. We have reduced working 
capital, amended debt covenants, 
targeted further cost reductions and 
are evaluating various options for our 
paper machines in Europe to lower 
fixed costs and match capacity to 
demand. 

DWP pricing remains under significant 
pressure, having declined to historical 
lows of US$638/ton at the time of 

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LETTER TO 
STAKEHOLDERS continued

May 2007 and has been a 
member of the Audit 
and Risk Committee. She 
also served as Chairman 
of the North American 
Audit Committee from 
2007 to 2016. We 
thank them both for 
their significant 
contributions over 
many years. 

In conclusion, we value 
the support of our 
shareholders as we work 
to enhance our 
sustainable long-term 
shareholder returns. We look 
forward to their participation 
at the annual general meeting 
(AGM) on 05 February 2020.

writing this report, US$306/ton lower 
than a year ago. We believe that 
current pricing is below the cash 
cost of production for a significant 
proportion of global supply and is 
therefore unsustainable over any 
prolonged period. Underlying demand 
for DWP is still growing at rates 
consistent with our long-term 
forecasts. A recovery in DWP prices 
is likely to be prompted by a recovery 
in VSF prices, which have been 
depressed by excess VSF capacity 
and a weak Chinese textile market. 

In the packaging and speciality papers 
segment, we are making good 
progress with customer acceptance in 
the United States and European 
markets and the ramp-up of volumes 
continues, aided by the shift from 
plastic to paper in many packaging 
categories. However, the slowing South 
African economy will probably impact 
domestic demand for containerboard in 
the coming year. 

Global graphic paper markets continue 
to show weakness from a combination 
of economic factors and ongoing shift 
to digital media. Pricing has declined 
only marginally over the past quarter, 
and as paper pulp prices in Europe and 
North America approach those 
prevalent in China, margins should be 
maintained.

Capital expenditure in 2020 is expected 
to decrease to US$460 million as we 
complete the Saiccor 110,000 ton 
expansion project and some smaller 
European pulp mill debottlenecking 
projects. Payment of the adjusted 
Matane net acquisition price of 
approximately US$158 million will be 
made in the first quarter of the coming 
financial year, funded via a new term 
loan.

Due to current very weak pricing in the 
DWP market and with paper markets 
yet to show signs of a sustained 
recovery in demand, we expect 
EBITDA in the first quarter of fiscal 
2020 to be below that of 2019.

Appreciation 
Our wide groupings of stakeholders 
contributed in many ways to our 
business in the past year. We 
appreciate their ideas, constructive 
criticism and support, which guided our 
thinking and actions. This support and 
guidance are invaluable in these difficult 
market conditions.

To our customers who have supported 
us in all our different markets, and with 
whom we increasingly collaborate to 
provide relevant products and services 
that generate sustainable value for all 
parties, we thank you.

Our employees have continued to 
demonstrate belief in our strategy and 
a commitment to the business in these 
challenging markets. Their initiative, 
resourcefulness and drive towards our 
One Sappi vision make it clear that our 
values and ethics are embedded in the 
organisation. We also thank them for 
their hard work.

Our gratitude goes to our board for 
their continued commitment to the 
group, sharing their valuable insights 
and encouragement while holding us to 
the highest ethical standards to enable 
us to execute our strategy. 

We welcomed Mr Brian Beamish, 
Mr James Lopez and Ms Janice Stipp 
to the board as independent non-
executive directors during the year. 

Earlier this month we announced the 
retirement of Mr John McKenzie (Jock), 
lead independent non-executive 
director, and Ms Karen Osar, 
independent non-executive director 
effective from the end of December 
2019. Jock McKenzie was appointed 
to the board in September 2007. 
He was a member of the HR and 
Compensation Committee from 2007, 
and chaired the Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee until his appointment as 
lead independent director in 2016 
and then member of the Nomination 
and Governance Committee. Karen 
Osar was appointed to the board in 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Q&A
WITH THE CEO

Steve Binnie

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Debt levels increased last year while profitability declined, 
resulting in higher leverage – what is Sappi doing about this?

As market conditions worsened and the outlook for a recovery faded, 
we took decisive action on a number of fronts to minimise the rise in debt levels 
and lessen the impact of the increased leverage. At the start of the year, capital 
expenditure in 2019 was expected to be US$590 million. Through a careful 
process of re-evaluating the priority and timing of various projects, total spend 
for the year was reduced to US$471 million. We have also adjusted down our 
expansionary capital spending plans for 2020, effectively reducing this to projects 
under way or already committed. Maintenance, safety and environmental spend 
were unaffected as we seek to ensure the sustainability of the company. 
Production downtime was taken as required in the graphics paper segment in 
order to minimise inventory levels and working capital, resulting in strong cash 
generation in the latter part of the year.

We continuously evaluate opportunities to extend debt maturities and lower 
finance costs. We refinanced the 2022 Euro bond early in the year, lowering 
the interest charge and extending maturities. This has meant we have a 
comfortable liquidity position, with no major maturities due before 2023, a 
low average interest rate and flexible liquidity from cash on hand and undrawn 
revolving credit facilities. In the fourth quarter, we renegotiated the leverage 
covenant for our European revolving credit facility and some of our bank term 
debt, due to current market uncertainty and particularly with regards DWP pricing, 
to provide further headroom. This renegotiation resulted in increased headroom 
over the expected peak leverage periods, moving the maximum leverage level 
from 3.75 times net debt:EBITDA to 4.5 times.

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You acquired the Matane 
Mill just after year-end 
while deliberately reducing 
capital expenditure levels 
– what was the rationale?

Dissolving wood pulp 
prices, a key determinant 
of Sappi’s profitability, 
declined by almost a third 
since the end of last year. 
Does this change your 
outlook for this critical key 
segment of the business? 

Global graphic paper 
demand has declined at a 
pace not seen since 2009 
– how has this impacted 
the business?

Q&A
WITH THE CEO continued

Our packaging and speciality operations in the United States and Europe are 
typically less in integrated pulp than our graphic paper business, and this brings 
higher pulp cost and volatility in earnings through a pulp cycle. Additionally, our 
paperboard machines benefit from using high-yield pulp, where supply is more 
constrained than for kraft hardwood or softwood pulps. We thus had a medium-
term strategy to build our own high-yield pulp mill at Somerset to lower costs 
for our packaging businesses, reduce volatility in earnings and secure this key raw 
material. Matane Mill was a major supplier of high-yield pulp – when it came onto 
the market, we weighed up the benefits of purchasing a mill at significantly less 
than replacement cost and securing a key raw material against the desire to 
reduce leverage. We believe we purchased the mill at an attractive valuation, and 
the acquisition will benefit our growing packaging and speciality business. 
Our internal consumption of pulp from the mill will increase as we ramp up 
paperboard production at both Somerset and Maastricht Mills in coming years. 
However, we will continue to supply the high-yield market.

We believe the fundamental attractiveness of the DWP market remains intact. As 
global textile demand grows, driven by population growth, fashion and rising 
wealth in developing economies, the need to develop more environmentally 
friendly solutions, derived from renewable materials that do not threaten food 
security or aquatic systems, will drive increasing market share for viscose, which 
is derived from dissolving wood pulp. Despite the challenges in the past year, VSF 
demand still grew by 6%, with pricing influenced by a confluence of factors largely 
external to the dissolving wood supply and demand dynamics. Weakening 
economies in various parts of the world, the impact of United States/China trade 
tariffs on textile production and sales and the rapid increase in VSF capacity 
over the past two years have led to a situation where VSF mills are running at very 
low operating rates and depressed VSF selling prices are forcing DWP prices 
lower. With no alternative outlet due to the concurrently weak paper pulp market, 
DWP swing producers have now become price takers. We believe that these 
circumstances will steadily change as the current situation is unsustainable as a 
large proportion of VSF mills and a significant proportion of DWP mills are 
generating cash losses at prevailing pricing levels.

The decline in global graphic paper demand has been driven by a number of 
factors, including an economic slowdown in various parts of the world, the rapid 
series of price rises implemented in 2018 as a result of high paper pulp prices, 
and continuation of the secular impact of a shift from paper to digital. Additionally, 
in contrast to prior years when industry closures of higher-cost machines matched 
demand declines and kept operating rates high, in 2019 the pace of closure 
slowed. Further closures are only likely to occur in the second half of 2020. 
In response to the more than 10% reduction in demand for our major graphic 
paper products in the past year, we took 268,000 tons of production curtailment 
on our paper machines across the United States and Europe. The conversion of 
Somerset PM1 and Maastricht Mills in 2018 to paperboard grades helped lessen 
the impact of weak demand as we effectively reduced our graphic paper capacity 
by some 130,000 tons in the past year. As we ramp up in the coming year, this 
will further alleviate the impact from potential further declines in graphic paper 
markets. Market share gains in some grades helped our operating rates in the 
past year relative to the industry. Additionally, we started the review of our paper 
machines in Europe to determine whether and which paper machine we may 
need to close if the supply/demand imbalance in the industry remains. In North 
America, we plan to ramp up packaging volumes at Somerset Mill to relieve 
pressure from soft graphic paper demand.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Governments and civil 
society are increasingly 
calling on business to do 
more to limit emissions 
and energy use to 
minimise climate change. 
What is Sappi doing in this 
regard?

Climate change, water scarcity, resource efficiency, minimising waste or pollution 
and job creation are key environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) 
priorities for Sappi, albeit with different emphasis in different parts of the world. As 
a company that uses a renewable natural resource as raw material, we are faced 
with both opportunity and a duty of care in how we manage our operations and 
how we maximise the benefit or value we can derive from this resource while 
minimising the related costs or trade-offs. Although much of our energy 
generation and consumption is renewable, we still directly or indirectly depend on 
fossil fuels, particularly in South Africa. The investment at Saiccor Mill to expand 
capacity includes a change in technology that will allow us to recover more energy 
from our process and improve our water use efficiency. We are also investigating 
opportunities to improve energy efficiency at all our mills globally to improve our 
specific energy use and emissions. Unfortunately, in the last year, many of these 
metrics increased as lower graphic paper demand and downtime taken translated 
into a loss of efficiency as energy consumption does not decline linearly in these 
situations. The only solution to this challenge is to increase machine utilisation. 
Without a recovery in demand or significant market share gains, we may have to 
close a paper machine, which we are currently investigating as described above. 
In the coming year, we will be undertaking work in line with the global initiatives, 
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and Science Based 
Targets (SBT) to better understand and quantify the risks and opportunities of 
climate change and what will be required to bring our long-term emissions profile 
in line. 

The strategic shift in 
capacity from graphic 
paper to packaging and 
speciality papers in the 
past year seems to have 
resulted in lower margins 
than previously indicated 
for that segment. 
Why is this? 

The conversion from graphic papers to paperboard grades at Somerset 
and Maastricht Mills was technically successful, but the customer qualification and 
acceptance process took longer than originally envisaged. This has impacted the 
ramp-up of volumes and the mix of products sold. Lower operating rates and 
downtime related to the weaker graphic paper market also impacted negatively 
on raw material use and machine efficiency with related cost impacts. Lastly, high 
paper pulp prices at the start of the year and the low pulp integration levels of our 
packaging mills affected margins for much of the year. However, as pulp prices 
declined, we recorded a good improvement in segmental margins for the fourth 
quarter and the outlook in 2020 is for a sustained recovery in margins.

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As the world’s population grows and 
becomes increasingly urbanised, so 
challenges related to inequality, resource 
scarcity and climate change have raised 
expectations to promote greater social 
equity, make more and better with less; 
extract more value from resources and 
continuously reduce environmental 
footprint.

We are making strides: In 2016, Japanese 
researchers discovered a type of bacteria, 
Ideonella sakaiensis, that eats non-
biodegradable plastic. Now researchers 
have engineered a mutant version of 
the plastic-munching bacteria that is 
20% more efficient.

Initially they hoped to get a clearer picture 
of how the new mechanism evolved by 
tweaking the enzyme in the lab. What 
they got instead was a mutant enzyme 
that degrades plastic even faster than the 
naturally occurring one. The researchers 
have said that they will continue to 

improve it through protein engineering 
and evolution. 

At Sappi, innovation is hard-wired into our 
DNA. While a key focus is on innovative 
products that help to mitigate the global 
challenges described above, for us it is 
not just about products or services.

Our culture of innovation promotes 
the evolution of old ideas, exploration 
of new ones, as well as the readiness 
to collaborate and ability to 
commercialise new ideas quickly. It 
informs our approach to commerce, 
consumption and community. It is 
apparent in our marketing initiatives, in 
understanding our stakeholders’ needs 
and expectations, in our training and 
development initiatives, ongoing drive to 
tread more lightly on the Planet and in the 
pioneering socio-economic upliftment 
programmes we have established across 
communities. 

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OUR OPERATING 
CONTEXT

Our external operating environment presents risks and opportunities, impacts our 
ability to generate value and informs our response to our stakeholders as well as 
our approach to material matters. Below we set out the key developments in our 
operating context in 2019 and our response.

Slowing global growth and trade tensions

Developments

Our response

The global economy in 2019 is on course for its 
weakest year of growth since the financial 
crisis. The International Monetary Fund is 
expecting global growth to slow to 3.0% this 
year, down from 3.2% in July 2019.

In South Africa, shortly after year-end we announced our intention to 
make investments totalling up to ZAR14 billion over the next six 
years in our South African operations.

We took commercial downtime at certain mills in 2019 and began 
a review of our assets in Europe and North America.

Slow global growth has been exacerbated by 
the ongoing trade wars between the United 
States of America on the one side and Europe 
and China on the other, which have impacted 
the global economy.

We have DWP sites in the United States of America and South 
Africa. Asia is the biggest market for our DWP and one of our major 
customers has a production site in China. However, we can supply 
this customer and others in the same country from our Saiccor and 
Ngodwana Mills in South Africa which currently have respective 
capacity of 800,000 and 250,000 tons per annum.

Regulatory and environmental issues

Developments

Our response

Belgium, Germany, Latvia, Poland and the 
United Kingdom impose fees on manufacturers 
that place packaging in the market to promote 
recyclability. More countries are considering 
introducing similar fees.

Sappi Europe has formed an internal recyclability task force with 
representatives across R&D, new business development, 
sustainability as well as innovation and marketing.

Sappi North America initiated similar work focused on increasing 
packaging recyclability.

The European Union’s climate and energy 
framework promotes decarbonisation by 
setting 2030 targets for greenhouse gas 
emissions to decline by at least 40% below 
1990 levels, renewables to deliver 32% of our 
energy and efficiency to improve by 32.5%.

Sappi Europe is leading the process of developing decarbonisation 
plans for each mill in Europe, while Sappi North America and Sappi 
Southern Africa are focusing on mills in their respective regions.

In South Africa, carbon tax was introduced on 
01 June 2019. Our liability from implementation 
to the end of September is estimated at around 
ZAR20 million (some ZAR60 million per annum).

We, together with other industry members, are working with 
consultants appointed by the Department of Environmental Affairs 
on the rules for recognition of carbon in harvested wood products.

Parts of South Africa are still suffering from the 
effects of a devastating drought.

We achieved our specific water use target in South Africa and have 
funded the rehabilitation of water infrastructure in villages close to 
our areas of operation.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The rise of populism, social disruption and Generation Z

Developments

Our response

Globally, there have been mass protests about 
climate change. In South Africa, there have been 
marches to protest gender-based violence 
(GBV) which has now come under the national 
spotlight.

Close to many of our operations in South Africa, 
sporadic protests and incidents of violence took 
place, the result of a disaffected population 
protesting about lack of service delivery 
and job opportunities – the official 
unemployment rate is 29%, with the unofficial 
rate significantly higher and youth being most 
affected.

The Sustainability Council is reviewing how to integrate the 
recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial 
Disclosure (TCFD) into our climate change response. A target for 
gender equity will form part of our 2025 sustainability goals. We 
continue to raise awareness about gender-based violence across 
the organisation through our employee wellbeing programme.

Our ZAR14 billion investment commitment (described earlier) will 
help to create direct and indirect jobs. In addition, we continue to 
promote participation in the forestry value chain through our Sappi 
Khulisa enterprise development programme which encompasses 
community tree farming. The total area managed currently is 
34,139 hectares. In 2019, under this programme, 425,001 tons 
of timber (2018: 483,359 tons) worth some ZAR382 million 
(2018: ZAR387 million) was delivered to our operations. Since 1995, 
a total volume of 4,221,941 tons to the value of ZAR4.2 billion has 
been purchased from small growers under this programme.

We have intensified our enterprise and supplier development (ESD) 
drive by establishing a separate ESD department that identifies 
procurement opportunities and oversees mentoring programmes 
and capability training. A total of 129 small, medium and micro-
enterprises (SMMEs) have been assessed and trained by our 
partners and 28 SMMEs have been integrated into the value chain 
across the business.

We have established skills centres at Ngodwana and Saiccor Mills 
that provide training for our own employees and also target 
unemployed youth with the overarching aim of stimulating 
SMME growth.

According to Bloomberg, Generation Z-ers 
account for 32% of the global population in 
2019. This generation want companies to have 
a positive purpose that improves the world in 
some way. They are also more digitally 
connected than any previous generation.

The fact that our business is based on woodfibre, a renewable 
resource sourced from sustainably managed forests and plantations 
that help to mitigate the impacts of global warming, is widely 
communicated across social media. So too is our shared-value 
approach to doing business.

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OUR OPERATING 
CONTEXT continued

Increasing consumer and brand owner concerns about sustainability-related issues

Developments

Our response

According to the United Nations Environment 
Programme (UNEP), every year an estimated 
8 million tons of plastic land up in the 
oceans and between 60% to 90% of the litter 
that accumulates on shorelines, the surface 
and the seabed comprises plastic. The most 
common items are cigarette butts, bags, 
and food and beverage containers.

We are taking advantage of anti-plastic sentiment by increasing 
capacity in packaging papers, particularly recyclable packaging. 
(See page 
 61 for details of our collaborative work to support 
the launch of a new confectionary snack bar wrapped in recyclable 
paper.)

Sappi North America solicits direct brand owner feedback through 
the Sustainability Customer Council, strengthening positioning 
against plastic end use.

Concerns about the impact of fast fashion 
on natural resources, particularly deforestation, 
are driving a move to ethical fashion.

In terms of global warming, scientists officially 
pronounced July 2019 the warmest month the 
world has experienced since record-keeping 
began over a century ago. Alaska’s sea ice 
melted for the first time in recorded history. 
Climate change activism around the world 
has accelerated.

Biodiversity loss is unprecedented: The 
Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on 
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), 
the first intergovernmental report of its kind, 
finds that around 1 million animal and plant 
species are now threatened with extinction, 
many within decades, more than ever before in 
human history.

Forest certification systems with third-party verified forest 
management and chain-of-custody processes ensure that 
responsible forest management practices are implemented in the 
forest and that woodfibre from certified forests can be identified 
throughout the supply chain. Globally, in 2019, 74.8% of fibre 
supplied to our mills was certified.

Trees and forests play an integral role in the global carbon cycle. By 
sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in 
forest biomass and soils, forests store vast amounts of carbon and 
release oxygen back into the atmosphere. Harvesting managed 
semi-natural forests in a sustainable manner in line with 
internationally recognised forest certification systems as Sappi does, 
promotes growth and carbon uptake. So too does balancing 
harvesting with continual replanting and regrowth, as in our 
plantations in South Africa. Sappi North America highlights its 
superior carbon footprint compared to other key players in graphics 
and packaging through the EQ tool which resides on our 
e-commerce platform.

It is in our own interests to promote biodiversity in the forests and 
plantations from which we source woodfibre, discussed in more 
detail in Key material issues on page 
invested in Forest in Focus, a platform using United States 
Department of Agriculture (USDA) forest inventory data to assess 
and promote forest health, including biodiversity.

 71. Sappi North America has 

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OUR STRATEGY
AND PERFORMANCE

Our strategy 

Through intentional evolution we will continue to 
grow Sappi into a profitable and cash generative, 
diversified woodfibre group – focused on dissolving 
wood pulp, paper and products in adjacent fields.

Achieve cost
advantages

Rationalise
declining 
businesses

Maintain
a healthy
balance sheet

What this means

•  Continuously improve 

cost position

•  Continue to maximise 

global benefits

•  Best-in-class production 

efficiencies

How we performed
 • Continuous improvements 
in all regions to reduce 
cost per ton 

 • Maximised the benefits of 

One Sappi to achieve further 
savings

 • US$88 million savings 

achieved 

2020 objectives
 • Advance with continuous 
improvement projects in all 
regions – US$54 million target
 • Maximise operating rates on 

all machines

 • Integrate Matane pulp mill 

into Sappi and achieve cost 
advantages

What this means
•  Maximise production at 

low-cost mills

•  Continuously balance 

paper supply and demand 
in all regions

•  Continue to transition 
graphic papers capacity 
to higher margin and 
growing packaging and 
speciality papers

How we performed
 • Carouselled production 
to the lowest cost mills
 • Balanced supply and 

demand on graphic paper 
with good capacity 
management and growing 
market share in coated 
woodfree paper (CWF)
 • Ramped up production 

significantly on packaging 
and speciality papers 

2020 objectives

 • Balance graphic paper 
supply and demand

 • Continue to transition from 
graphic paper capacity to 
packaging and speciality 
papers

 • Investigate paper machine 

options in Europe

What this means

•  Maintain net debt/

EBITDA ~2x

•  Continuously improve 

working capital

•  Continue to monitor bond 
market for opportunities

How we performed
 • Net debt/EBITDA at 2.2x
 • Effective working capital 
management, resulting in 
improved cash flow

 • Refinanced the 2022 bond 
by raising EUR450 million at 
3.125% maturing in 2026 

2020 objectives
 • Optimise capex and working 

capital 

 • Manage net debt to contain 

leverage ratio 

Accelerate 
growth in higher
margin growth
segments

What this means
•  Grow dissolving wood pulp 
(DWP) capacity, matching 
market demand

•  Continue to expand and 
grow packaging and 
speciality papers in all 
regions, targeting 25% of 
group EBITDA by 2020

•  Commence 

commercialisation of 
biotech opportunities

How we performed
 • Invested to grow DWP 

capacity at Saiccor, Cloquet 
and Ngodwana Mills
 • Speciality conversions in 

Europe and North America 
completed and strongly 
ramping up to target, 
currently 18.3%

 • Growth in lignin sales and 
advancing other biotech 
opportunities to 
commercialisation 

2020 objectives
 • Further advance packaging 
and speciality papers to 
target 25% of group EBITDA
 • Conclude Saiccor Mill DWP 

expansion in 2020
 • Commercialise biotech 

opportunities

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OUR STRATEGY
AND PERFORMANCE continued

Measuring our progress 

Guided by our strategy, we measure our progress 
holistically against our mission, collaborating and 
partnering with stakeholders as we strive to be a 
trusted and sustainable organisation with an exciting 
future in woodfibre. 

Key strategic objectives

  Achieve cost advantages

  Maintain a healthy balance sheet

  Rationalise declining businesses

  Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments

Our strategic 
performance indicators

Why is this
important?

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance

Link to strategic
objectives

ROCE (%)

20

15

10

5

0

Return on average capital 
employed, or ROCE, is an 
important measure that assesses 
long-term profitability by 
comparing how effectively assets 
are performing with how these 
assets are financed

0
.
8
1

6
.
4
1

5
.
1
1

2017

2018

2019

®  Linked to executive 
remuneration.

EBITDA (US$ million)

5
8
7

2
6
7

7
8
6

EBITDA measures how we 
performed operationally by 
excluding the impact of financing, 
accounting treatments or tax 
implications

2017

2018

2019

®  Linked to executive 
remuneration.

800

600

400

200

0

Key:

2020
objectives
Complete Saiccor Mill expansion 
on time and on budget

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
Focus on maximising cash 
generation through efficient capex 
and working capital management

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

  Satisfactory 

  Unsatisfactory performance 

  Progress to be made/ongoing

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our strategic 
performance indicators

Why is this
important?

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance

Link to strategic
objectives

EBITDA margin (%)

8
.
4
1

1
.
3
1

0
.
2
1

15

12

9

6

3

0

2017

2018

2019

Sales (US$ million)

6
0
8
,
5

6
4
7
,
5

6
9
2
,
5

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

2017

2018

2019

Net debt (US$ million)

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

8
6
5
,
1

1
0
5
,
1

2
2
3
,
1

2017

2018

2019

EBITDA margin is an important 
and comparable measure of our 
profitability (excluding the impact 
of financing, accounting 
treatments or tax implications) 
against our revenue

While not the only determinant of 
financial success, sales is a key 
measure of demand, customer 
loyalty and a critical contributor 
to profit

Given the capital-intensive nature 
of our operations, we need to 
raise debt to complete significant 
projects that enable our long-term 
success. Net debt comprises 
current and non-current interest-
bearing borrowings and bank 
overdrafts (net of cash, cash 
equivalents and short-term 
deposits)

2020
objectives
Focus on reducing fixed and 
variable costs

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
Continue to grow packaging and 
speciality papers post conversions 

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
While net debt is expected to 
increase in 2020, due to the 
finalisation of strategic capital 
projects, we will continue to 
carefully manage debt levels

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

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AND PERFORMANCE continued

Our strategic 
performance indicators

Why is this
important?

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance

Link to strategic
objectives

Net debt/EBITDA

1
.
2

2
.
2

7
.
1

The net debt to EBITDA ratio 
measures our ability to pay off our 
debt should net debt and EBITDA 
remain consistent. EBITDA 
focuses on the operating 
decisions of a business, as it 
looks at profitability from core 
operations before the impact 
of capital structure

2017

2018

2019

®  Linked to executive 
remuneration.

LTIFR is an important measure of 
our business’s safety. We target 
zero harm and aim to improve 
LTIFR by at least 10% year-on-
year

4
5
.
0

4
4
.
0

3
4
.
0

LTIFR

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

®  Linked to executive 
remuneration.
Δ  Identified sustainability goal1.

We rely on a productive and 
engaged workforce. Employee 
engagement has been linked to 
higher safety performance, lower 
staff turnover, improve productivity 
and efficiency. We aim to maintain 
or improve from our 2015 base 
of 74%

2017

2018

2019

Sustainable engagement (%)

100

80

60

40

20

0

5
8

9
7

1
d
e
r
u
s
a
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m

t
o
N

2017

2018

2019

Δ Identified sustainability goal2.

1  For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2020 that we are working 
towards. See our Group Sustainability Report for more information.

2  Not measured; survey takes place every second year.

2020
objectives
Manage leverage ratio well within 
covenants

Link to
3Ps

Prosperity

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
Reduce LTIFR and zero fatalities

Link to
3Ps

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

People

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
Sustain and/or improve 
engagement

Link to
3Ps

People

Key:

  Satisfactory 

  Unsatisfactory performance 

  Progress to be made/ongoing

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our strategic 
performance indicators

Why is this
important?

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance

Link to strategic
objectives

Energy intensity is a measure of 
how efficiently we are operating. 
By continually improving this 
metric, we manage costs and 
lower our impact

Δ Identified sustainability goal1.

We are committed to sourcing 
woodfibre from forests and timber 
plantations in a manner that 
promotes their health and 
supports community wellbeing

Energy intensity (GJ/adt)

25

20

15

10

5

0

7
5
.
2
2

8
3
.
2
2

4
8
.
2
2

2017

2018

2019

Certified fibre (%)

5
.
3
7

2
.
5
7

8
.
4
7

80

60

40

20

0

2017

2018

2019

Δ  Identified sustainability goal1.

1  For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2020 that we are working 
towards. See our Group Sustainability Report for more information.

2020
objectives
5% improvement from 2014 
base year

Link to
3Ps

Planet

Self-assessment
of 2019 performance 

Link to strategic
objectives 

2020
objectives
Maintain or improve percentage 
certified fibre

Link to
3Ps

Planet

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RISK
MANAGEMENT

Risks
Our risk management philosophy

The Sappi group has an established 
culture of managing key risks. We have 
a significant number of embedded 
processes, resources and structures 
in place to address risk management 
requirements. These include our safety 
programmes, internal audit systems, 
insurance, IT security, compliance 
and governance processes, quality 
management and a range of 
line management interventions. 

In the broadest sense, effective risk 
management ensures continuity 
of operations, service delivery, 
achieving objectives (strategic and 
otherwise), and protecting the interests 
of the group. 

To achieve our objectives, the risk 
management process is aligned and 
compatible with Sappi’s strategy, taking 
into account recommendations set out 
in ISO 31000 standard (for guidance 
only) – ‘Risk management – Principles 
and guidelines’, as well as King IV. 

Risk appetite and tolerance

Sappi has a board-approved 
framework for risk appetite and 
tolerance. Risk appetite is the total 
quantum that Sappi wishes to be 
exposed to on the basis of risk/
return trade-offs for one or more 
desired and expected outcomes. 
This is the quantum of risk that the 
board believes will provide an 
adequate margin of safety within the 
group’s risk capacity while enabling 
the achievement of strategic 
objectives. 

Risk tolerance is the amount of 
uncertainty Sappi is prepared to 
accept. This is the maximum level 
of loss or reduced earnings that can 
be absorbed without compromising 
key objectives, eg return on 
investment. 

Sappi Limited board of directors

Overall responsibility for the 
governance of risk

Sappi Limited Audit and Risk 
Committee

Tasked with assisting the board in 
carrying out its risk management 
responsibilities at the group level

Line management in each region, 
business unit and operation

Responsibility for implementing 
regional risk management processes

Group Internal Audit

Provides independent assurance on 
the risk management process

For an analysis of the principal financial risks to which Sappi is 

exposed, please see note 31 in the Group Annual Financial 

Statements on www.sappi.com/annual-reports 

For a detailed discussion of the group’s risk factors, please see 

Risk Management Report on www.sappi.com/annual-reports 

Residual risk ratings

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Very low

Consequence type

Very high

 Worsening

 Flat

 Improving

Residual risk ranking

1 Safety

2

3

4

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Cyclical macro-
economic context
Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
Highly competitive 
industry
Natural resource 
constraints
Project implementation 
and execution
Uncertain and evolving 
regulatory landscape
Market share and 
customer concentration

9 Employee relations

10

Failure to attract and 
retain key skills

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1

 Safety 

Root cause
 • We operate a number of manufacturing 
facilities and forestry operations. The 
environment at these facilities is 
inherently dangerous. The health and 
safety of our employees and contractors 
remain a top priority.

3Ps impact

Related material issues
 • Safety

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

How we mitigate this risk
 • Perform root cause analyses of all major incidents and fatalities, 

which are reviewed at all levels of the business including the board.

 • Group and industry-wide sharing of all incidents and associated 
mitigating steps, to ensure continuous improvement in safety 
performance.

 • Enforce compliance with behaviour-based safety (BBS) principles.
 • Provide continuous education.
 • Disciplined approach to all transgressions of our safety policies.
 • Encourage reporting of near-miss incidents.
 • External safety review commissioned, with detailed action plans 

implemented.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments
  • Maintain a healthy balance sheet.

2

 Cyclical macro-economic context 

Trend: (cid:181)

How we mitigate this risk
 • We continue to monitor the supply/demand balance, which might 
require us to impair operating assets and/or implement further 
capacity closures.

 • We are continuously taking action to improve efficiencies and reduce 

costs in all aspects of our business.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments
  • Maintain a healthy balance sheet.

Root cause
 • We operate in a cyclical industry subject 
to global economic conditions (such as 
exchange rate fluctuations) that may 
cause substantial fluctuations in our 
results

 • Our products are affected by cyclical 
changes in supply (industry capacity 
and output levels) as well as demand 
changes 

 • Due to supply and demand imbalances 
in the industry, markets have historically 
been cyclical with volatile prices

 • Turmoil in the world economy leads to 

sharp reductions in volume and pressure 
on prices in many of our markets.

3Ps impact

Related material issue
 • Cost containment and capital allocation

Legend:
(cid:181)  Worsening 

  (cid:179)(cid:180)  Flat 

  (cid:182)  Improving

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MANAGEMENT continued

3

 Evolving technologies and consumer preferences 

Trend: (cid:181)

Root cause
 • New technologies or changes in 
consumer preferences may have 
a material impact on our business
 • Trends in advertising, electronic data 
transmission and storage, the internet 
and mobile devices continue to have an 
adverse impact on traditional print 
media and other paper applications
 • Digital alternatives to many traditional 
paper applications are now readily 
available and have begun to adversely 
affect demand for certain paper 
products.

3Ps impact

Related material issues
 • Product and process innovation
 • Circular economy and adjacent markets
 • Long-term demand growth for cellulosic-

based fibres

How we mitigate this risk
 • We continue to implement strategic initiatives to improve profitability, 

including:
 – Restructuring and other cost-saving projects
 – Implementing measures to enhance productivity
 – Expanding our higher-margin packaging and speciality paper 

businesses, and

 – Accelerating growth in higher margin growth segments.

 • Our entrenched market share and low production cost position us well 

to take advantage of growth in the dissolving wood pulp market.
 • In 2019, we signed an agreement to acquire the Canadian Matane 

high-yield hardwood pulp mill. The acquisition will support our growth 
in higher margin segments, reduce cost of pulp, reduce earnings 
volatility and ensure supply.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments
  • Reduce our environmental footprint
  • Provide greater opportunities for local communities.

4

 Highly competitive industry 

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

Root cause
 • The markets for pulp and paper 

products remain highly competitive, 
with an increasing trend towards 
consolidation in the pulp and paper 
industry – creating larger, more focused 
companies.

3Ps impact

Related material issues
 • Cost containment and capital allocation
 • Circular economy and adjacent markets

How we mitigate this risk
 • We continue to drive customer service, innovation and efficient 

manufacturing and logistics as competitive differentiators.

 • We are focused on improving the performance and competitiveness 

of our businesses.

 • We continue to drive down costs across all our businesses.
 • Our recently announced acquisition of the Matane Mill will increase 

our pulp integration and reduce our cost of pulp.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Reduce our environmental footprint
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments.

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 Natural resource constraints 

Trend: (cid:181)

Root cause
 • We require substantial amounts of 

wood, chemicals, energy and water 
for our production activities

 • The inability to obtain energy, raw 

materials or water at reasonable prices, 
or at all, could adversely affect our 
operations

 • The prices for and availability of these 
items may be subject to change, 
curtailment or shortages.

3Ps impact

How we mitigate this risk
 • We are focused on:

 – Improving procurement methods
 – Finding alternative lower-cost fuels and raw materials
 – Reducing water consumption
 – Minimising waste
 – Improving manufacturing and logistics efficiencies, and
 – Implementing energy-reduction initiatives.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages.
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments.
  • Reduce our environmental footprint.

Related material issues
 • Supply chain transparency
 • Circular economy and adjacent markets
 • Climate change
 • Energy
 • Water
 • Biodiversity

6

 Project implementation and execution 

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

Root cause
 • In executing our strategy, we carry out a 
number of capital expenditure projects
 • Should these projects not be completed 
on time, deliver the expected quality/
cost reduction or exceed the allocated 
capital spend, it would have significant 
adverse implications

 • This would impact the project’s financial 

return metrics, impact normal 
operations, delay the time to market 
or result in a loss in market share

 • Reasons for this could be supplier and 
vendor performance, skill levels and 
ineffective project management and 
controls.

3Ps impact

Related material issue
 • Cost containment and capital allocation

How we mitigate this risk
 • A rigorous process selects potential contractors with the same Sappi 

commitment to quality and safety.

 • Evaluate shortcomings between contractor and supplier interfaces 
which, together with planning local skilled resource availability, are 
addressed well in advance.

 • Consider various contracting philosophies specific to the regions 

in which we operate.

 • The use of modern tools to improve efficacy in front-end engineering 
design, engineering standards, cost control and planning functions 
throughout the construction, erection and commissioning phases.

 • Continue to develop strong relationships with main suppliers.
 • Where applicable, cross-functional global teams, additional internal 
expert resources and detailed oversight and review, including risk 
metrics, will be brought into the various phases of projects to ensure 
project execution.

 • Operational and maintenance training remains a key focus area.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments
  • Provide greater opportunities for local communities
  • Reduce our environmental footprint.

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RISK
MANAGEMENT continued

7

 Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape 

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

How we mitigate this risk
 • A legal compliance programme designed to increase awareness of, 
and compliance with, applicable legislation is in place. The Group 
Compliance Officer reports twice per annum to the Group Audit and 
Risk Committee.

 • Our aim is to minimise our impact on the environment. The principles 

of ISO 14000, FSC™, SFI®, PEFC™ and other recognised 
programmes are well entrenched across the group. We have also 
made significant investments in operational and maintenance activities 
to reduce air emissions, waste water discharges and waste 
generation.

 • We closely monitor the potential for changes in pollution control 

laws, including GHG emission requirements, and take action in our 
operations accordingly. We invest to maintain compliance with 
applicable laws and cooperate across regions to apply best practices 
in sustainability.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Reduce our environmental footprint.

Root cause
 • Regulatory requirements on business 

(including compliance with 
environmental, health and safety laws) 
as well as national and international 
political uncertainty could translate into 
cost increases that directly impact 
Sappi’s competitiveness and profitability

 • Our global operations are subject 

to various economic, fiscal, monetary, 
regulatory, operational and political 
conditions

 • We are therefore exposed to risks such 

as material changes in laws and 
regulations, political, financial and social 
changes and instabilities, exchange 
controls, risks related to relationships 
with local partners and potential 
inconsistencies between commercial 
practices, regulations and business 
models in different countries.

3Ps impact

Related material issue
 • Ethical behaviour and corruption

8

 Market share and customer concentration 

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

Root cause
 • Sappi is a business-to-business 
supplier, so a limited number of 
customers account for a significant 
amount of our sales

 • Should adverse changes in economic 
market conditions have a negative 
impact on our customers, it could 
materially affect the results of our 
operations and financial position.

3Ps impact

How we mitigate this risk
 • We are continuously working to expand and diversify our customer 

base.

 • No single customer, although some are significant, individually 

represented more than 10% of our total sales.

 • We monitor any adverse development affecting our customers 

to respond proactively.

Strategic and 2020Vision objective 

  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments.

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Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

How we mitigate this risk
 • Across all our regions, we continue to interact and engage with our 
union representatives and organised labour on a frequent basis and 
to build constructive work relationships. 

Strategic and 2020Vision objective 
 • Achieve cost advantages.

9

 Employee relations 

Root cause
 • A large percentage of our employees 
are unionised, and wage increases or 
work stoppages by our unionised 
employees may have a material adverse 
effect on our business

 • A large percentage of our employees 

are represented by labour unions under 
collective bargaining agreements, which 
need to be renewed from time to time
 • In addition, we have in the past and may 
in future seek, or be obliged to seek, 
agreements with our employees on 
workforce reductions, closures and 
other restructurings 

 • We may become subject to material 

cost increases or additional work rules 
imposed by agreements with labour 
unions, which could increase expenses 
in absolute terms and/or as a 
percentage of net sales.

3Ps impact

Related material issues
 • Labour relations
 • Employee engagement
 • Skills

10

 Failure to attract and retain key skills 

Trend: (cid:179)(cid:180)

Root cause
 • We require specialised and scarce skills 

to execute our strategy

 • Should we fail to attract, develop and 
retain key skills, this might have a 
material effect on our business.

3Ps impact

How we mitigate this risk
 • Succession planning and regular talent reviews.
 • Leadership training and development as well as dedicated skills 

centres.

 • Workforce planning.

Strategic and 2020Vision objectives 
 • Achieve cost advantages
  • Rationalise declining businesses
  • Accelerate growth in higher margin growth segments.

Related material issue
 • Skills

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RISK
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EMERGING RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES

(cid:59)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:584)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:96)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:3)
on our business
In all three regions where Sappi operates, climate change could alter the 
frequency and intensity of forest disturbances such as insect outbreaks, 
invasive species, wildfires and storms. These disturbances could reduce 
forest productivity, change the distribution of tree species and increase 
the risk that the wood supply necessary for our operations may be 
negatively affected.

However, given Sappi Europe’s general risk mitigation strategy of 
sourcing pulp and woodfibre from a variety of sources and regions, we 
do not anticipate any material impact on our raw material supply from 
climate change in the short to medium term (five to ten years). In Sappi 
North America, our operations do not currently face material risks 
associated with climate change. With the exception of fibre from Brazil 
for Westbrook Mill, we source from northern hard and softwood baskets 
that have not suffered under any drought conditions or from fire. 

In Sappi Southern Africa, where our operations have already been 
impacted by climate change, we invest significantly in preventing fire, 
pests and diseases, as well as site species matching to tolerate drought, 
frost and other weather events. Climate change has led to an increased 
emphasis on water footprint in South Africa. This, in turn, is causing 
greater focus on the location of forestry plantations, which could 
affect the quality and quantity of groundwater, the use of water by our 
operational units, quality of water released back into natural water 
systems and control of effluent discharge. The cost, availability and use 
of our water supply also have a direct impact on our input costs and 
operating profit.

Should our strategy to mitigate the related risks of raw materials 
shortages fail, our business may be adversely impacted.

(cid:59)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:91)(cid:79)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:96)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:20)(cid:89)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:95)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:3)
Continued cyber-attacks on both public and private institutions as 
well as businesses are intensifying as the Internet of Things and use 
of connected devices expands. Cyber-criminals are becoming more 
sophisticated, changing what they target and using complex methods 
of attack for different security systems.

In addition to confidential customer and employee information, as well as 
financial, commercial, transactional and production systems, Sappi owns 
significant trade secrets and intellectual property.

We protect these through an information technology security programme 
which mitigates against cyber-attacks and information security breaches. 
Should this fail, we could face serious disruption to our business and 
confidential information on our employees and customers could be 
compromised. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We adhere stringently to the data 
protection laws in the jurisdictions 
where we operate and provide relevant 
training to all our employees. 
Nevertheless, in the event of data 
breaches, we could be negatively 
impacted by regulatory fines or 
sanctions which could change our 
reputation and shareholder value. 

Industry 4.0 is changing the 
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Industry 4.0 is about smart and 
autonomous systems fuelled by data 
and machine learning. At Sappi, we 
recognise the opportunities presented 
by automation, digitisation and data 
analytics in optimising our production 
and maintenance processes, as well 
as our logistics and supply chains, 
together with enhanced innovation and 
speed to market.

We are using our strong foundation of 
continuous technology improvement 
and intentional evolution to leverage 
these key developments by maximising 
the use of data analytics; making our 
processes more efficient and productive; 
tracking information on quality, raw 
materials and environmental information; 
and enhancing workforce training and 
development. We are already making 
extensive use of intelligent solutions 
through satellite imaging and drones 
in our forestry operations.

Falling behind in investment for Industry 
4.0 opportunities and failing to keep 
pace with developments could have 
negative implications for our strategic 
direction and growth path.

Increasing need to integrate 
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everyday business practices
Environmental issues, structural 
demographic changes and resource 
scarcity are affecting us globally. 
Economic and social progress remains 
uneven, various financial crises and 
trade tensions have revealed the 
fragility of progress, and accelerating 
environmental degradation inflicts 
increasing costs on societies. There 

are a number of economic, social, 
technological, demographic and 
environmental megatrends underlying 
these challenges including accelerating 
urbanisation and globalisation; the 
rise of social media; climate change, 
energy, water and food insecurity; 
pressure on natural resources and 
an increasingly vocal and connected 
population. 

Sappi’s sustainable development 
agenda prioritises Prosperity, while 
balancing the needs of People and 
Planet in an approach known internally 
as the 3Ps. We believe this approach 
brings demonstrable benefits in terms 
of risk management, cost savings, 
access to capital, as well as human 
resource management and innovation 
capacity. It also enhances our trust 
levels with stakeholders, including 
shareholders, customers, employee 
and communities.

Should we fail in our drive for 
sustainability to underpin our strategic 
direction, this could have a significant 
impact on our licence to trade, 
reputation and levels of established 
trust.

(cid:58)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:92)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:90)(cid:91)
Incidents of social unrest in South 
Africa have been escalating, the result 
of a disaffected population protesting 
about lack of service delivery and job 
opportunities. Officially, the country’s 
unemployment is at 29% but in certain 
regions of the country, particularly the 
rural areas, it is much higher.

This risk is partially mitigated by the 
integrated community forums we have 
established. However, should the 
country’s broader issues not be 
resolved, the impact on our business 
could be disruptive. 

Land restitution
Sappi is currently engaged in a number 
of land claims in South Africa. In the 
past 10 years, we have settled 
37 claims involving 33,992 hectares of 
which claimants took ownership of 
8,151 hectares and claims for 

11,629 hectares in which claimants 
preferred to seek compensation. 
The balance of the land has been 
withdrawn from the claim by the 
Restitution on Land Rights Commission 
or the claim rejected by the Land 
Claims Court.

For many of the land claims in which 
we have been involved, and where 
there has been a change in ownership, 
we continue to buy the timber and 
help manage those plantations. 

We are involved in some 60 land reform 
projects, helping beneficiaries to 
manage ±19,000 hectares of land. To 
ensure sustainable production from 
these properties, we have entered into 
supply agreements with the new 
beneficiaries and provide them with 
assistance. The level of assistance 
depends on the requirements of the 
project, but ranges from a pure supply 
agreement to a comprehensive forestry 
enterprise development agreement. 
The latter is a supply agreement which 
incorporates development objectives 
whereby Sappi provides technical 
and business training as well as 
administrative support to help entrench 
these new timber suppliers.

While we support the land claim 
initiatives generally, we have been 
frustrated by the implementation 
of policies and levels of bureaucracy. 
The forestry industry is a key driver 
of rural growth. If government could 
unlock some of the bureaucratic 
lagging, the attendant benefit would 
flow directly to rural communities.

Should the issue of bureaucratic 
lagging not be resolved, it could 
heighten social tensions and social 
unrest which, in turn, could negatively 
impact our operations.

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Strengthen the 
means of 
implementation 
and revitalise the 
global partnership 
for sustainable 
development.

OUR KEY
RELATIONSHIPS

We believe that building relationships with our 
stakeholders in a spirit of trust and mutual respect 
enables more tangible business value creation.

Our stakeholders

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We view stakeholder engagement not as a 
once-off annual intervention but an ongoing 
dynamic process that enables us to 
respond to the changing nature of shared 
priorities of parties who are interested in, 
and affected by, our business. To enhance 
our understanding of, and communication 
with, our stakeholder groups we consider: 
expectations, existing relationships, cultural 
context and capacity to engage (language 
barriers, IT literacy, access to digital 
resources). 

Our approach to engagement with all 
stakeholder groupings is based on 
inclusivity and the principles of:

 • Materiality: Identifying the legitimate 
interests and material concerns of 
stakeholder groupings

 • Relevance: Focusing on those issues of 
legitimate interest and material concern 
to our stakeholders and to Sappi, and 
identifying how best to address them 
for mutual benefit

 • Completeness: Understanding the 

views, needs, performance expectations 
and perceptions associated with these 
legitimate and material issues, and 
assessing them against prevailing local 
and global trends

 • Responsiveness: Engaging with 

stakeholders on these issues and giving 
regular, comprehensive, coherent 
feedback.

Our stakeholder work is aligned to the 
governance outcomes of King IV, namely 
ethical culture, performance and value 
creation, adequate and effective control and 
trust, good reputation and legitimacy.

In terms of feedback loops, we assess the 
quality of our relationships both formally 
(employee engagement and customer 
surveys, as well as Poverty Stoplight in 
South Africa and community forums) and 
informally (ongoing regular engagement 
with suppliers, investors, industry bodies 
and business, government, civil society 
and media).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employees

We invest in future talent while challenging and enabling our people so that they  
are able to leverage the opportunities presented by our strategic direction and a changing world.

Shared priorities

Our response

Resources that enable 
our people to grow 
intellectually, fulfil their 
potential and drive 
innovation in Sappi

Connection with Sappi’s 
strategic goals and high 
levels of engagement

Effective safety, health, 
wellness and recognition 
programmes

Invested an average of US$525 per person in training and 
development

We conduct engagement surveys every second year (see 
Key material issues for more detail). At group level, leadership 
and direction as well as image and customer focus were 
identified as areas needing attention. Accordingly, we have 
introduced new leadership development programmes at 
senior and executive levels and are working to further 
entrench our One Sappi culture. We provide regular updates 
on progress towards our 2020Vision business strategy.

 • The theme for Global Safety Awareness week was ‘We 
value safety’. The message was reinforced by toolbox 
talks, safety games, competitions, addresses by media 
personalities and self-defence classes

 • Wellbeing and wellness programmes are tailored to the 

needs of each region

 • Our recognition programmes include:

Sappi Limited: 
 – Technical Innovation Awards 
 – CEO Award for Excellence 
SEU: Annual Coryphaena Award 
SNA: TOUTS Recognition Awards and periodic 
regional President’s Awards 
SSA: Excellence in Achievement Awards (EAA)
Sappi Trading: SMART Awards.

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Employees who 

understand and buy into 
our 2020Vision are pivotal 
to the success of our 
business – alignment with 
our strategic direction 
enables our people to 
contribute more positively 
to the business as well as 
their personal and career 
development

 • By building our human 

capital, we establish a base 
of technical skills needed 
by the industry

 • An increased commitment 
to safety delivers benefits 
at personal, team and 
operational levels

 • By establishing an ethical 
culture where corporate 
citizenship is promoted, we 
ensure the ongoing viability 
of our business, enhance 
reputation and become an 
employer of choice.

Encourage employee 
volunteerism through 
initiatives like:

SEU: Support of various local education, cultural and 
environmental projects based on annual requests and 
identified needs.

SNA: The Employee Ideas that Matter initiative through 
which we provide grants to employees to fund their individual 
projects to support good in local communities.

SSA: Employee wellbeing committees at each mill support 
local community projects and support Mandela Day.

Challenges for value 
creation

 • Recruitment and retention 

of key skills

 • Loss of institutional 

memory.

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OUR KEY
RELATIONSHIPS continued

Unions

Given challenging global economic conditions and current socio-economic dynamics across 
the world, particularly in the South African labour market, we prioritise our relationship with 
our employees and their representatives.

Shared priorities

Our response

Freedom of association 
and collective bargaining

Sappi endorses the principles of fair labour practice as 
entrenched in the United Nations Global Compact and 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. At a minimum, we 
conform to and often exceed labour legislation requirements 
in countries in which we operate. We promote freedom of 
association and engage extensively with representative 
trade unions.

Safety and wellness 
initiatives

Unions are involved in health and safety committees 
at each mill.

Remuneration, working 
hours and other 
conditions of service

SEU: Collective labour agreements. In 2019, the overall 
industrial relations climate in Sappi Europe remained good, 
without any major issues.

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Good employee/

management relations 
enable us to resolve new 
and difficult labour issues 
as they develop
 • When employees 

understand strategic 
direction and operating 
context, they are more 
likely to be engaged, 
leading to a more stable 
labour force and higher 
levels of productivity. 

SNA: Collective bargaining with hourly paid employees and 
labour agreements with various unions. In 2019, we settled 
labour agreements with all four unions at Somerset Mill, the 
trade unions at its Westbrook Mill and two small unions 
representing railroad workers at the Cloquet Mill railroad. 

SSA: Employees (collective bargaining); forestry workers 
(sectoral determination/consultation)

In 2019, the region successfully concluded a separate 
collective bargaining framework agreement with the majority 
trade union, Chemical Energy Paper Printing Wood Allied 
Workers Union (CEPPWAWU) for forestry operations. 
This will effectively replace the ministerial or government 
determination and allow for annual engagement on wages 
and conditions of employment for forestry workers, similar 
to pulp and paper as well as sawmilling segments of Sappi 
Southern Africa operations. We also settled wage 
negotiations for pulp and paper staff. 

•  Resolving grievances
•  Engaging on strategy

 • Well-established grievance channels and disciplinary 

procedures

 • We regularly engage with unions on economic conditions, 

market dynamics and growth plans.

Challenges for value 
creation

 • Multi-union landscapes, 
particularly in North 
America and South Africa, 
are adding to complexities 
in the labour environment.

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Customers

We adopt a partnership approach, where we develop long-term relationships with global, 
regional and local customers. We also accommodate more transactional customers. Where 
relevant, we will conduct R&D and develop products to suit customers’ specific needs. 

In addition to the usual avenues of engagement, we engage through initiatives like the Sappi 
Football Cup (Sappi Europe); Ideas that Matter (ITM) and by sponsoring the Citrus Research 
Symposium (Sappi Southern Africa).

Shared priorities

Our response

High levels of service 

We moved to a single customer relationship management 
(CRM) system across all regions. This enabled us to manage 
customer relationships more effectively and provide better 
service by leveraging customer data and sales processes 
across the globe.

New or enhanced 
products that meet 
rapidly changing market 
demand

In 2019 we launched:
 • Atelier GC1 paperboard with the brand promise ‘brilliance 

meets function’

 • Transjet Drive, a sublimation paper optimised for industrial 

printers with a glue-belt system

 • We relaunched Sappi OHG, the first paper wrapper for 

confectionery bars

 • We launched Sappi Seal, a paper-board packaging 

solution to replace heat-sealing laminates by material 
with a high share coming from renewable sources
 • Heaven 42 under the auspices of IGEPA which owns 

the brand

 • A range of new release paper textures including Selva, 

Optima and Fiesta.

Support for paper, 
packaging, DWP and 
sustainability goals

For DWP, technical centres of excellence are located at 
Saiccor and Cloquet Mills; Sappi joined the Sustainable 
Apparel Coalition (SAC).

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Meet customer needs for 

products with an enhanced 
environmental profile
 • Innovate to align with 
evolving market trends
 • Increase awareness of 
the importance of 
sustainability

 •  Promote our customers’ 

own sustainability journeys

 • Keep abreast of market 

developments

 •  Showcase our products 
and promote the Sappi 
brand.

Customers can use the competence centre for speciality 
papers and paper laboratory at Alfeld Mill.

Challenges for value 
creation

In North America, the Sustainability Customer Council 
provides candid feedback, identifies emerging issues and 
helps to establish goals.

In South Africa, we co-fund with Cellmark (through its 
Paperseed Foundation) projects in our Tugela Mill community. 
Funding is in the form of US$0.50 per ton of sales per 
partner.

 • Confusing harvesting with 
deforestation and lack of 
understanding about the 
manner in which the forests 
and plantations from which 
we source woodfibre help 
mitigate global warming.

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OUR KEY
RELATIONSHIPS continued

Customers continued

Shared priorities

Our response

Information and 
campaigns to promote 
print as a communication 
medium and encourage 
the use of packaging

Information about the 
fibre sourcing and 
production processes 
behind our brands

Providing technical 
information

We showcased our brands at Fachpak, Nuremberg; FESPA, Munich; Interzum, Cologne; 
LabelExpo, Brussels; Luxe Pack Shanghai; Northwest Materials Show, Portland; Packaging 
Premiere, Milan and the PRINTING United tradeshow in Dallas. 

Globally, we continue to participate in industry initiatives like TwoSides.

At the request of our customers, we participate in EcoVadis and Sedex in all regions.

SEU and SSA: We make paper profiles, wood origin declarations and information sheets 
available for our papers.

SNA: Has an updated eQ GHG calculator on the Sappi North America e-commerce portal. 
This online tool enables our salesforce and customers to calculate carbon savings achieved 
by buying our graphic and packaging products compared to the industry average.

 28 for details of Sappi North America’s investment in Forest in Focus, a joint 

See page 
undertaking of the American Forest Foundation and GreenBlue/Sustainable Packaging 
Coalition.

Globally, a series of technical brochures is available on our website www.sappi.com  

SEU: 
 • The Sappi Houston online knowledge platform for graphic paper
 • The PSP site to provide targeted information on packaging and speciality papers 

(www.sappi-psp.com)  

SNA: 
 • The POP site is aimed at marketers, creatives, designers and printers looking to 

innovate in their categories (www.sappipops.com)  

 • Sappi etc is an educational platform for designers and printers 

(www.sappi.com/sappietc)  

SSA: Our paper and paper pulp product offerings are supported by strong technical teams 
at each mill and the technology centre in Pretoria.

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Communities

We work to incorporate communities close to our operations into our journey of intentional 
evolution, which recognises the importance of sharing value with all our stakeholders; conserving 
natural resources and uplifting people so that they are well positioned to thrive in our increasingly 
interconnected world. 

Community engagement meetings take various formats in our mills in the regions where they 
operate. These range from broad liaison forums for business, local government and communities 
to legally mandated environmental forums that form part of the licensing conditions of mills. In 
South Africa, there are local farmer and community forums related to our forestry communities. 

Our initiatives are described in more detail in our 2019 Group Sustainability Report on 
www.sappi.com/sustainability.  

Shared priorities

Our response

Community 
support including 
employment, 
job creation, 
business 
opportunities, 
economic and 
social impacts/
contributions and 
community 
support

SEU:
Mills offer support and financial sponsorships to local schools, 
sport and hobby clubs, forest products industry students, local 
safety/environmental organisations and support local charities.

Supporting youth in our communities was a key priority in 2019. 
SOS Children’s Villages International, Save the Children and Global 
Exploration were some of the charities that we contributed to. 
Engagement and contributions to local schools are also made.

SNA: 
 • Each business unit has a lead sustainability ambassador who 
is responsible for supporting sustainability communication, 
conducting training and fostering community engagement 
through local projects

 • Education programmes are supported at targeted colleges and 
universities as are programmes to encourage study in fields 
relevant to our operations

 • Our employees supported initiatives like Living Lands and 

Waters and the Charles River Watershed Association focused 
on environmental stewardship and education

 • The Ideas that Matter programme, now in its 20th year, 

recognised and rewarded designers who support good causes 
 • The Employee Ideas that Matter programme allows employees 
to apply for grants made by Sappi to their favourite non-profit 
or charity.

SSA:
 • Given South Africa’s significant development needs, the bulk 
of community support is allocated to this region. Support is 
directed to education, environment and socio-economic 
development, based on helping communities help themselves. 
Initiatives include:

 • Sappi Khulisa, our enterprise development scheme for 

timber farmers

 • The Abashintshi Youth programme
 • Early childhood development
 • Education, including Khulisa Ulwazi, our training centre for small 
growers and two training centres for local unemployed youth, 
one at Saiccor Mill and the other at Ngodwana Mill

 • Support for local tourism through our mountain biking and trail 
running sponsorships and promoting recreational riding on 
Sappi land.

In Sappi Southern Africa, we have appointed a specialist team 
to drive local procurement.

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Enhanced licence to operate 

and thrive

 • Promoting socio-economic 

development which could, in 
the long term, lead to increased 
demand for our products

 • Initiation of real social 

mobilisation and change for the 
better.

Challenges for value creation

 • Community expectations for 
jobs and service delivery.

Sappi North America supports 
Living Lands & Waters, an 
Illinois-based environmental 
organisation established in 
1998 to clean up America’s 
rivers. It has become the only 
‘industrial strength’ river 
clean-up operation of its kind 
in the world. 

Spending up to nine months a 
year living and travelling on a 
barge, the Living Lands & Waters 
clean-up crew hosts river 
clean-ups, watershed 
conservation initiatives, 
workshops, tree plantings and 
other key conservation efforts. 
Through our corporate 
sponsorship, employees 
volunteer in river clean-ups.

To date, the organisation 
has removed around 
4 million kilograms of rubbish 
and debris from 24 rivers in 
21 states.

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OUR KEY
RELATIONSHIPS continued

Industry bodies and business

We partner with industry and business bodies to provide input on issues and regulations that 
affect and are relevant to our businesses and industries. We also support and partner with 
industry initiatives aimed at promoting the use of our products.

One of our longest relationships is with the United Nations Global Compact, to which we have 
been a signatory since 2008.

Shared priorities

Our response

 • Issues that affect the 
sustainability of our 
industry including 
woodfibre base, 
carbon taxes, energy 
and emissions

 • Ethical issues impacting 

business

 • Energy issues in 
general and 
government proposals 
on carbon taxation in 
particular

 • The impact of increased 
regulations on business

 • The benefits of our 
industry and our 
economic contribution 
to society
 • Social and 

environmental 
credentials of our 
products

Globally in 2019:
 • We became a member of the Sustainable Apparel Coalition and 
will use its sustainability measurement suite of tools, the Higg 
Index, to drive environmental and social responsibility throughout 
our supply chain. With this membership, we join over 240 global 
brands, retailers and manufacturers, as well as government, 
non-profit environmental organisations and academic institutions 
that are collectively committed to improving supply chain 
sustainability in the apparel, footwear and textile industry

 • We continued our work with the Cambridge Institute 

of Sustainability and other partners on blockchain technology for 
 59 of this report for details of the 
timber certification (see page 
Trado project) and developing new low-carbon pulp technology 
(deep eutectic solvents).

We are an investor in the Forests in Focus tool in the USA, which 
strives to assess and evaluate forest-based risks within wood 
baskets for customers, investors and stakeholders, using credible 
scientific public data collected by state and federal government 
agencies. https://greenblue.org/work/forests-in-focus-landscape-
assessment/ 

We celebrated 20 years of partnership with Borregaard of Norway for 
our LignoTech South Africa joint venture which extracts lignin from 
Saiccor Mill’s effluent stream. Output is sold in South Africa and 
exported to countries in Africa, Asia Pacific, Middle East and South 
America for a range of applications including dust suppression, 
concrete additives, pelleting agents in animal feeds and mineral 
granulation aids.

Our membership of industry associations

Sappi Limited
Business Leadership 
South Africa, 
Cambridge Institute for 
Sustainability 
Leadership, Paris 
Pledge for Action, 
Programme for the 
Endorsement of Forest 
Certification™ 
(PEFC™), Sustainable 
Apparel Coalition, 
Technical Association 
of the Pulp and Paper 
Industry (TAPPI), The 
CEO Initiative, 
The Ethics Institute, 
United Nations Global 
Compact

Sappi Europe
Confederation of 
European Paper 
Industries (CEPI), 
Eurograph, European 
Joint Undertaking on 
Biobased Industries, 
Print Power, Save 
Food, The Alliance 
of Energy-Intensive 
Industries, The 
Two Team Project 
(focusing on 
breakthrough 
technology concepts 
in the industry that 
could enable a more 
competitive future), 
TwoSides

Sappi North America 
American Forests and 
Paper Association 
(AF&PA), Paper and 
Paper Packaging 
Board, Agenda 2020 
Technology Alliance, 
Forest Products 
Working Group, Forest 
Stewardship 
Council™ (FSC™), 
Sustainable Packaging 
Coalition (SPC), 
*Sustainable Forestry 
Initiative® (SFI ®) *The 
Recycling Partnership, 
TwoSides

Sappi Southern Africa
Business Unity South Africa. 
Public Private Growth Initiative, 
Energy Intensive Users’ Group. 
Fibre Processing and 
Manufacturing Skills Education 
and Training Authority (SETA). 
Forestry South Africa, Forest 
Stewardship Council™ (FSC™). 
Packaging SA. Paper 
Manufacturers’ Association of 
South Africa (PAMSA), Recycle 
Paper ZA. Printing Industries 
Federation SA (PIFSA). 
Manufacturing Circle, South 
African Chamber of Commerce 
and Industry (SACCI) and local 
chambers of commerce and 
industry, TwoSides, National 
Business Initiative (NBI)

Opportunities for 
value creation

 • Develop 

sustainable, 
transparent 
supply chains
 • Maintain and 

expand markets 
for our products
 • Dispel myths and 

enhance 
understanding 
of our 
environmental and 
social credentials
 • Promote dialogue.

Challenges for 
value creation

 • High cost of 
membership 
and resource 
allocation involved 
in certain 
memberships.

Sappi Forests
Institute for 
Commercial Forestry 
Research (ICFR), 
Founding member 
of the Tree 
Protection 
Co-operative 
Programme (TPCP), 
Biological Control of 
Eucalypt Pests 
(BiCEP) (www.
bicep.net.au  
 ), 
Eucalyptus Genome 
Network 
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CAMCORE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investors

Our aim is to provide investors (shareholders and bondholders) and analysts with transparent, 
timely, relevant communication that facilitates informed decisions. 

Shared priorities

Our response

 • Information on Sappi’s 
strategy, debt levels 
and key developments 
such as the acquisition 
of Matane Mill in 
Canada

 • Return on investment
 • Transparent 

information about risks, 
opportunities and 
environmental, social 
and governance (ESG) 
performance

 • Our investor relations (IR) department engages with 

shareholders and analysts continually

 • Our Chairman and CEO engage with shareholders on 

relevant issues

 • We engage with various ratings agencies, particularly on 

ESG performance. We conduct ad hoc mill visits and road 
shows and issue announcements through the JSE Stock 
Exchange News Services (SENS), in the press and on our 
website (see www.sappi.com/SENS)  

 • We publish our annual integrated report (see 

www.sappi.com/annual-reports) and sustainability 
reports (see www.sappi.com/sustainability) on the group 
website  

Shareholders can attend and participate in the Annual 
General Meeting (AGM) as well as the four quarterly 
financial result briefings
 • Our Chief Financial Officer and Head of Treasury engage 
with bondholders, banks and rating agencies continually 
on the performance of the company

 • We participate in the CDP disclosure projects every year, 

making our submissions publicly available.

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Understanding our 
strategic direction
 • Enhanced reputation
 • Greater investment 

confidence

 • Broader licence to invest.

Challenges for value 
creation

 • Global economic 

uncertainty, trade wars, 
reduced demand, lower 
pricing.

Government and regulatory bodies 

We engage with government departments and regulatory bodies to provide input on issues 
and regulations that affect our industry. We also engage with regional and local governments 
and local authorities to obtain support for our operations and show how our activities 
contribute to local economic and social development.

Shared priorities

Our response

 • The social and 

economic benefits of 
our industry nationally 
and at a local level
 • Increased investment 
 • Energy issues in 
general and 
government moves 
on carbon taxation, 
decarbonisation and 
recyclability in 
particular

 • The impact of 

increased regulations 
on business

 • In 2018 our group CEO made commitments at the first 
investment conference hosted by the South African 
President, announcing R2.7 billion to expand Sappi 
Saiccor Mill’s dissolving wood pulp capacity by 
110,000 tons per annum (for global textile markets); 
and R5 billion for upgrade projects at the mill to decrease 
production costs, introduce new technology, optimise 
processes, reduce environmental footprint and future-proof 
manufacturing systems at Saiccor Mill

 • Ongoing consultations with government departments 
and regulatory bodies in each region. In Europe we 
also regularly engage with the European Commission. 
(See Our operating context: Regulatory and environmental 
issues on page 
 • We brief legislators
 • We support specific government initiatives, including in 
South Africa the renewable energy drive; our biomass 
project at Ngodwana Mill is under construction.

 26)

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Promote understanding of 
issues and challenges, as 
well as the strategic value 
of our industry

 • Help create a more 

receptive regulatory and 
policy environment.

Challenges for value 
creation

 • Policies which do not take 
our high use of biobased 
energy into account
 • Administrative delays.

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OUR KEY
RELATIONSHIPS continued

Suppliers and contractors

We are committed to establishing mutually respectful relationships with our suppliers and 
encouraging them to join our commitment to economic, social and environmental responsibility 
and creating a shared commitment to doing business with integrity and courage; making smart 
decisions which we execute with speed, underpinned by a commitment to safety. We aim 
to build long-term value partnerships, based on the importance of suppliers to a sustainable 
supply chain.

Shared priorities

Our response

 • Safety 
 • Transparency

 • Increased value 
 • Decreased costs
 • Security of fibre 

supply, certification, 
income generation 
and job creation

• Given our focus on zero harm in the workplace, we work with our 
contractors to ensure that they follow our safety systems. In South 
Africa, Sappi Forests works closely with contractors and their 
workers in implementing its innovative Stop and Think Before 
You Act safety initiative

• Rolled out our Group Supplier Code of Conduct (for further details 

on page 

 59).

SEU: A joint sourcing partnership assists in negotiating better terms 
with timber and other suppliers. In addition, we are a member of the 
Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), which participates in 
actions supporting and promoting the development of sustainable forestry 
management tools, including forest certification, globally, particularly in less 
developed countries.
SNA: 
 • The Sappi Maine Forestry programme and the Sappi Lake States 
Private Forestry programme assist forest landowners to meet their 
objectives for managing their woodland. Sappi’s trained foresters are 
able to develop a forest management plan geared to the interests of the 
landowner including wildlife management and aesthetics, marketing 
timber to generate maximum return and providing an extensive network 
of environmental and marketing resources

 • Procurement practices extend far beyond avoiding controversial sources 
by requiring the promotion of biodiversity, logger training, forest research, 
landowner and community outreach, and implementation of best 
management practices for soil and water conservation, as evidenced by 
our conformance to the SFI® Fibre Sourcing Standard.

SSA:
 • Qualified extension officers provide growers in our Sappi Khulisa 

enterprise development scheme with ongoing growing advice and 
practical assistance

 • We have established a training centre, Khulisa Ulwazi, for Khulisa 

growers. The objective is to develop growers’ and contractors’ skills so 
that they can conduct silviculture operations economically and to a good 
standard. Training material has been developed in conjunction with the 
Institute of Natural Resources and covers area like entrepreneurship, fire 
management, harvesting planning, leadership and management 
development, as well as safety

 • At the end of September 2019, Sappi was involved in 60 land reform 
projects, helping beneficiaries to manage approximately 18,320 
hectares of land. Many of these properties previously belonged to 
commercial farmers who had supply agreements with Sappi. For many 
of the land claims in which we have been involved, and where there has 
been a change in ownership, we continue to buy the timber and help to 
manage those plantations

 • Sappi Forests pays small growers a premium for certified timber.

Opportunities for 
value creation

 • Security of 

woodfibre supply
 • Improved supplier 

relations

 • Better 

understanding of 
the requirements 
of the Sappi group
 • Expanded basket 
of certified fibre
 • Support for local 

economic 
development
 • Support for 

emerging supplier/
contractor 
development.

Challenges for 
value creation

 • Balancing the need 
to support SMMEs 
with the need to 
source from 
suppliers with 
strong social and 
environmental 
credentials.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Civil society and media 

We maintain an open relationship with the media, believing that an informed media is better able 
to serve public reporting and debate on any issue.

We continue to update the media on our strategic shifts to extract value from woodfibre in line with 
future trends. We engage with civil society organisations on issues of mutual interest and belong 
to key organisations relevant to our operations. We engage with various civil society groups on our 
societal and development impact.

Globally we interact and engage with a wide range of non-governmental organisations, especially 
through our participation with the forest certification systems (FSC™, PEFC™ and SFI®). We 
actively contribute to the growth of forest certification world-wide and collaborate with diverse 
stakeholders. In South Africa, Sappi is a member of the local WWF organisation as well as FSC™ 
and has worked closely with PEFC™ to develop a forestry assurance standard, now known as the 
South African Forestry Assurance Standard (SAFAS).

Shared priorities

Our response

 • Business developments
 • The future of our 

industry

 • Our impacts on our 

 • Join key credible organisations as members.
 • Develop personal relationships and engage continually.
 • We provide support to and sponsorship for key 

organisations on issues of mutual interest.

communities
 • Protecting the 
environment

We have joined The Forest Dialogue whose unique purpose 
is to utilise a constructive dialogue process among key 
stakeholders, to build relationships and to spur collaborative 
action on the highest priority issues facing the world’s forests. 

SSA: In terms of civil society, in South Africa, our forestry 
operations belong to a number of fire associations, given that 
fire is a key risk on our plantations. We also provide funding 
for BirdLife South Africa and have established a project which 
coordinated efforts to re-establish the Warburgia salutaris 
(pepper-bark tree) in communities and the wild. 

SNA: We support the Ruffed Grouse Society; the Dovetail 
Partners which works to promote bat habitat conservation 
efforts in the state and the University of Minnesota 
Sustainable Forests Education Cooperative.

SEU: We participate in the Save Food initiative, signalling a 
firm commitment to better protection of all foodstuffs globally. 
Save Food is a joint initiative of the Food and Agriculture 
Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations 
Environment Programme (UNEP), Messe Düsseldorf and 
Interpack, the world’s leading trade fair for processes and 
packaging.

Opportunities for value 
creation

 • Opportunity to inform and 

educate media

 • Transparent, two-way 
communication and 
opportunity for dialogue 
with civil society and 
media.

Challenges for value 
creation

 • Misunderstanding of our 
environmental impacts.

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CONNECT

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Hear the word ‘connect’ and you 
invariably think of digital connection. 
There is no doubt it has profoundly and 
irrevocably changed humanity. However, 
there is another way of connecting – 
travel – that has an equally significant 
effect. The evolution of the railroad and 
the car shifted travel by horseback and 
wagon to one side, as the aeroplane did 
with ocean liners. 

As an example – in 1949, flying from 
London to New York took around 
20 hours. Today, 70 years later, it takes 
just over seven hours.

The benefit of shortening travel times is 
that it can enhance human connection 
by truncating time and space. This in 
turn can increase understanding and 
appreciation for geographic and cultural 
differences it drives home the message 
that it is our diversity that makes us 
stronger. At Sappi we believe in the 
power and the benefit of diversity and a 

multiplicity of views. Human connection 
and interaction is what drives us forward 
and makes for a successful business. 
The power of trust, mutual understanding 
and support flowing from our ongoing 
engagement with our stakeholders 
underpins this success and cannot be 
replicated without connection. 

It is why we hold an employee 
engagement survey every two years. Why 
we listen closely to our customers and 
design products and services to meet 
their needs. Why we pay attention to 
the needs of the communities in which 
our operations are situated. Why we 
collaborate closely with our industry 
partners. 

It is how we ensure that all our 
stakeholders are listened to, heard and 
valued. It is how we anticipate future 
trends and challenges to ensure we are 
shaping the realities of today to connect 
with tomorrow.

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AT A GLANCE:
INTEGRATING OUR 
KEY MATERIAL ISSUES

Our reporting reflects our support of the 3Ps model, which we believe 
offers an integrated approach to value creation. 

In addition to the 3Ps, we consider the material issues in relation to 
the Principles, which form the ethical foundation of our business, and 
underpin our ability to create value.

Our 
operating 
context

OUR MATERIAL 
ISSUES

Risks

Our 
stakeholder 
issues

We are committed to continually 
improving our reporting to our 
stakeholders. 

In doing so, we are guided by 
leading thinking, including but not 
limited to the International Integrated 
Reporting  

Council, the SGDs, ISS-OEKOM, the 
FTSE4GOOD and King IV. 

The connectivity of our reporting 
extends beyond the 3Ps and the 
Principles that support it. 

Indeed our operating context, risks and 
stakeholder concerns inform the 
material issues that we report against. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The links between our operating context, risk, key relationships and  
key material issues

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OUR ALIGNMENT 
WITH THE SDGs

In alignment with the spirit of the first UN Summit on the SDGs: Gearing up 
for a decade of action and delivery for sustainable development, in 2019 
we established a working group to prioritise the SDGs most relevant to our 
business and develop related action plans. As set out below, we have identified 
seven global priority SDGs where we can make the biggest contribution, either 
by reducing our negative impacts or increasing our positive contributions. 
In South Africa, we have also identified SDG1: No poverty and SDG4: Quality 
education as priorities. Further detail is provided in our group and regional 
sustainability reports, available on www.sappi.com.

SDG

What does this goal mean to Sappi?

How are we translating the goal into action?

Water is an essential natural resource on which 
our company depends. We need to use it 
responsibly and demonstrate that we take this 
responsibility seriously. Water quality, availability 
and access are critical issues impacting 
sustainable development, but the diversity and 
severity of water issues vary widely between 
regions, countries and/or specific locations.

As an energy-intensive industry, our fuel choices 
have a major impact. Where SDG 13 focuses 
more directly on CO2 emissions, the point of 
relevance for this goal is explicitly the share 
of renewable energy within our total energy 
consumption. The proposed indicators should 
help to profile our progress as well as 
encourage us to continually improve and look 
for new energy solutions. A reduction in energy 
intensity is another, complementary way that 
Sappi can contribute to this goal.

Given that we are a responsible business 
operating in many locations around the world 
and employing over 13,000 people, this goal is 
strongly linked to Sappi´s commitments to 
Prosperity and People.

We have proposed a global indicator that will focus on water 
consumption as measured by water-use efficiency (m3/adt). It will 
only apply to Sappi mills in water-scarce locations. Across all our 
mills, the topic of water stewardship will be embedded to ensure 
we take a proactive and responsible approach to managing water 
issues holistically, even in locations not considered water scarce.

Global indicators will focus on the share of renewable energy (%) in 
total energy and specific total energy (STE, GJ/adt).

We have identified indicators that adequately cover the scope of 
this goal and reflect both the desire to measure and reduce 
negative impacts (accidents) and quantify positive contributions 
(contribution to local economies) and specifically reflect 
sustainability aspirations. Proposed indicators are:
 • Safety (LTIFR)
 • Percentage procurement spend with declared compliance with 

Supplier Code of Conduct

 • Gender diversity: proportion of women in middle and senior 

management

 • Employment engagement survey
 • EBITDA

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SDG

What does this goal mean to Sappi?

How are we translating the goal into action?

The global indicators we have proposed include reduction of 
specific landfilled waste and new products launched with defined 
sustainability benefits.

We are looking to set an ambitious strategic goal to decarbonise 
(Scope 1 and 2) to prevent a 1.5˚C temperature rise. We will also 
intensify efforts to work with suppliers and customers to reduce 
CO2 emissions (Scope 3 actions).

With Sappi´s excellence in sustainable forest management and 
strong reliance on forest certification systems, we can make a 
positive impact on this goal by continuing to increase our positive 
contributions towards sustainably managed forests and using our 
established global forest certification goal as an indicator. Looking 
ahead, we plan to take a more active, collaborative role on 
forest-related issues and expand our use of social media to 
promote awareness of the issue, as well as our activities to 
enhance life on land.

We will focus on building and activating partnerships to contribute 
to our priority SDGs and topics including: climate change and 
forests, sustainable forest management, water stewardship, 
responsible procurement, innovation, circularity and energy policy.

Manufacturing products from sustainably 
harvested, renewable forest resources is the 
core of our business. Correspondingly, there 
are many points of relevance for how Sappi can 
contribute to this SDG, especially from the 
perspectives of manufacturing, product design 
and product use/end of life. We operate 
according to circular economy principles by 
using resources efficiently and reducing waste 
generation, from manufacturing processes 
through to end-of-life product recycling. With 
investments in R&D and new product 
development, Sappi´s innovation continually 
strives to create new products and value from 
woodfibre and side streams. Not only does this 
work improve resource use, but in many cases, 
it also generates products that have superior 
sustainability credentials to the conventional 
products that they replace.

Taking urgent and appropriate actions to 
combat climate change and its impacts is a 
shared responsibility reinforced within the Paris 
Agreement and regional and national regulations 
and/or initiatives. For Sappi the obvious and 
direct connection to this SDG is through our 
CO2 emissions, and our actions and 
commitments to reduce them.

This SDG seeks to protect, restore and promote 
sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, 
sustainably manage forests, combat 
desertification, as well as reverse land 
degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

While Sappi is already engaged and 
contributing to many partnerships and 
collaborations, there are many further 
opportunities in the sustainability arena for us 
to become more involved generally, or in pursuit 
of our SDG commitments specifically. The 
intention with this goal is further strengthen our 
contribution to partnerships in a way that is well 
aligned with our priority SDGs and topics, and 
where a partnership approach can support us 
in contributing more actively and effectively to 
various issues.

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OUR KEY 
MATERIAL ISSUES

The issues set out on the following pages are those that we believe underpin 
our strategic risks and opportunities and have the highest potential impact – 
positive and negative – on stakeholder value.

How we determine materiality

We take various stakeholder guidelines into 
account, including those set out in terms 
of the Sustainable Development Goals, the 
Global Reporting Initiatives, the International 
Integrated Reporting Council and King IV, as 
well as ratings agencies such as ISS-OEKOM 
and the FTSE4GOOD Index Series

Regulatory and reporting guidelines are 
mapped against stakeholder issues, as well 
as trends and developments in the external 
operating environment

1
3

Identifying 
regulatory and 
reporting issues

Mapping 
stakeholder 
issues and local 
and global 
trends 

Prioritising 
issues through 
the lens of 
materiality

Reviewing
 issues

2
4

How relevant is each issue to our business?

How does each issue impact our ability to 
create value in the short, medium and 
long term?

We regularly review our key material issues 
and their alignment with our strategy of 
intentional evolution

Our material issues

PRINCIPLES
 • Supply chain transparency
 • Ethical behaviour and 

corruption

PROSPERITY
 • Cost containment and capital 

allocation
 • Digitalisation
 • Product and process innovation
 • Circular economy and adjacent 

markets

 • Long-term demand growth for 

cellulosic based fibres 

PEOPLE
 • Safety
 • Employee engagement
 • Skills
 • Shared value
 • Labour relations 

PLANET
 • Climate change
 • Energy
 • Water
 • Biodiversity

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRINCIPLES

Supply chain transparency

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Visibility into the supply  
chain helps identify risks and 
issues early, and also addresses 
consumer concerns about 
issues like deforestation.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand owner concerns 
about sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

5

 Natural resource 
constraints

Emerging risk
Integration of sustainability

 • Rolled out our Supplier Code of Conduct across the group and began the review process by assessing raw material suppliers 

in countries with a score of 50 or lower in the Global Corruption Perception Index

 • Participated in Trado, a consortium including the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership that is testing blockchain 

technologies. The project is trialling the concept by using a shared data system for tea farmers in Malawi that supply Unilever 
and United Kingdom-based supermarket Sainsbury’s. 

Ethical behaviour and corruption

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Creating clear boundaries and  
a consistent framework across 
geographies for ethical 
behaviour provides a foundation 
for unlocking growth 
opportunities as One Sappi.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

How it links to other  
aspects of our business

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand owner concerns 
about sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

7

 Uncertain and evolving  
regulatory landscape

Emerging risks
Integration of sustainability

Global training on ethics targeted relevant new employees across the group, while regional training covered topics relevant to each region 
including general data protection regulations (GDPR) in Europe, insider trading in North America and the Protection of Personal Information 
(POPI) Act in South Africa.

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OUR KEY 
MATERIAL ISSUES continued

PROSPERITY

Cost containment and capital allocation

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Ongoing investment and  
cost containment are strategic 
pillars of competitive  
advantage.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

                            Achieve cost  
                            advantages

 Maintain a healthy 

            balance sheet

How it links to risk 

2

4

6

Cyclical macro- 
economic context

Highly competitive  
industry

Project  
implementation and 
execution

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Acquired Matane Mill in Quebec, Canada with capacity of 270,000 tons per annum of aspen and maple high-yield pulp to deliver 

the following benefits:
 – Increased levels of pulp integration by supplying pulp to our United States and European packaging operations
 – Secure supply of a raw material critical to product quality
 – Reduced input pricing and volatility in profitability
 – Avoid higher capital cost of internal high-yield pulp capacity

 • Completed a rebuild of PM8 at Lanaken Mill in Belgium. The PM can now produce woodfree coated paper in addition to 

lightweight coated paper, enhancing our ability to meet market demand

 • Took downtime at certain mills and began an asset review in Europe and North America in line with reduced demand in key markets.

Digitalisation

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Digital solutions offer a new 
platform for innovation and 
efficiency as well as enhanced 
connection with customers  
and employees.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

                             Achieve cost 

               advantages

Operating context: Generation Z

Emerging risks
Industry 4.0 
Integration of sustainability

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Launched digital group-wide learning initiatives
 • In Sappi Europe:

 – Appointed a head of digital transformation
 – Launched Octoboost, an internal technology start-up whose core mission is to develop innovative digital solutions for the print 

industry

 – Signed a global strategic alliance with PerfectPattern to roll out artificial intelligence (AI) driven dynamic print planning and 

ganging technology to print businesses world-wide.

 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product and process innovation

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

We view innovation not as an  
end in itself, but as an integral 
aspect of our business that 
provides sustainable, 
competitive advantages which 
make a significant difference.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

                                      Achieve         
                                      cost 
                                      advantage

How it links to risk 

3

 Evolving technologies and 
consumer preferences

Emerging risks
Industry 4.0 
Integration of sustainability

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand owner concerns 
about sustainability-related issues

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Piloted a new-generation manufacturing execution system to leverage data analytics make our processes more efficient and 

productive and enable tracking of information on quality, raw materials and environmental aspects

 • Continued to promote internal innovation through the Technical Innovation Awards. In 2019, Sappi Europe was named the 2018 
winner for designing a completely new ‘three layers in one headbox’ for paperboard packaging that combines good printability 
with high bulk and good creasability. This step-change technology was successfully applied to the rebuild of PM6 at Maastricht 
Mill, making it the only producer world-wide to use this novel concept for its packaging product range

 • Collaborated closely with a specialist packaging converter and a global fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company to 
develop breakthrough proprietary barrier technology and support the launch of a new confectionery snack bar wrapped in 
recyclable paper (see box below)

 • Invested US$42 million in R&D initiatives.

An innovative solution for the circular economy

Packaging for the food industry that meets stringent health and safety standards and that is also recyclable is a 
longstanding challenge. Sappi has been working with leading consumer brand owners to develop and supply 
renewable paper-based packaging solutions by understanding and supporting the goals of making their packaging 
recyclable without compromising on food protection and shelf life. 

One example of this is the new Sappi Guard range of products. These innovative papers for flexible packaging come 
with integrated barriers against oxygen, water vapour, grease, aroma and mineral oil. Thanks to the integrated barriers, 
there is no need to apply special coatings or laminations. The work was enabled by Sappi’s 2017 acquisition of barrier 
film technology company Rockwell Solutions. 

Sappi used this technology when it worked with a global FMCG company and a specialist flexible packaging converter 
to develop the wrapper for a new confectionery snack bar. The launch of the new snack bar highlights the benefits of 
collaboration across the value chain in a focused effort to increase the use of recyclable packaging made from 
renewable woodfibre.

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Circular economy and adjacent 
markets

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Producing more with less has 
become a global focus in 
light of a burgeoning global 
population and subsequent 
pressure on resources.  
In keeping with the approach 
outlined above, our aim is to 
extract more value from each 
tree and in doing so, move 
into adjacent markets in 
order to strengthen our core 
business model.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

How it links to risk 

                          Accelerate growth  
                          in higher margin 
                          growth segments 

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand owner 
concerns about  
sustainability-related issues

3

4

5

Evolving technologies 
and consumer  
preferences

Highly competitive  
industry

Natural resource  
constraints

 • In August 2019, we commissioned the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) evaporator at Ngodwana Mill, moving into the second phase of 

our sugar extraction project. This is to demonstrate industrial-scale operability of the technology to concentrate hemicellulose sugar 
streams, extracted from the wood, to levels required for downstream technologies. The work enables derisking the full-scale 
implementation of the sugar concentration technology, in turn opening up new revenue generation opportunities in the xylitol and 
furan chemistry value chains

 • We progressed the design of a furfural pilot plant to be established at Saiccor Mill. The plant will illustrate the technology, produce 

commercial samples and provide greater clarity on process economics. We anticipate beneficial operation in 2021

 • Construction of a 25MW Ngodwana energy biomass power plant at Ngodwana Mill, in which we have a 30% stake, began in July. 

The plant will use biomass from surrounding plantations to generate power that will feed into the national grid

 • We are building on our established position in lignin markets to expand into high-value markets, including substitution for phenol 

which is widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis, as well as replacement for petrochemicals 
in foams. We are also diversifying into lignin as a replacement for starch in manufacturing recycled paper, as a fuel pellet binder and 
in the area of animal health and nutrition

 • We began testing fuel rods in one of the boilers at Tugela Mill. The rods, manufactured at Ngodwana Mill, comprise a mixture of 
waste coal slurry (from discarded thermal-grade coal fines), biomass and lignosulphonates. If positive results are achieved, the 
demonstration facility at the latter mill will be upgraded

 • We are advancing our Valida fibrillated cellulose technology and continue to conduct third-party development work with prominent 

global brand owners and technology institutions to develop a variety of applications where Valida’s functionality can enhance 
everyday products responsibly and sustainably. The product is also being used to develop new advanced paper grades with greater 
strength and unique barriers

 • In terms of biocomposites, we continue to develop markets for Sappi Symbio which brings the haptics of nature and reduced 

environmental footprint to plastic composite materials. Sappi Symbio is a specially prepared and easy-to-use cellulose fibre ready to 
be easily dispersed into plastic compounds. Symbio compounds can be injection moulded and blow moulded into components for 
various sectors, including automotive, furniture, utensils, appliances and consumer electronics. Weight reduction, warm touch and 
high stiffness are just some of the product’s many benefits.

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term demand growth for 
cellulosic-based fibres 

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Increasing our capacity in 
the DWP market aligns with 
our strategy of refocusing 
operations away from graphics 
paper to the higher-margin 
DWP sector, together with 
specialised packaging products 
and the biotech sectors.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

                         Accelerate growth  
                         in higher margin 
                         growth segments 

How it links to risk 

3

Evolving technologies  
and consumer 
preferences

Emerging risk
Integration of sustainability
Cyclical macro-economics

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand owner 
concerns about sustainability-
related issues

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Completed a US$25 million capital investment at Cloquet Mill to debottleneck areas of the pulp manufacturing process and add 

30,000 tons per annum of DWP production capacity

 • The expansion of Saiccor Mill to add 110,000 tons per annum of DWP capacity was around 40% complete at year-end and is 

on track for completion in the last quarter of 2020.

 • We continue to engage with customers to develop products and solutions for the market.

The uncertainty in textile markets as a result of the United States/China trade tensions – China is the largest exporter of apparel 
to the United States – and an oversupplied viscose staple fibre market are challenges for value creation in the short term, but we 
believe the fundamentals of the DWP market are sound. Accordingly, we expect sales volumes to remain healthy and anticipate that 
our expanded DWP production will be fully taken up to meet customer demand.

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MATERIAL ISSUES continued

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

   Achieve cost  
advantages

 Rationalise declining 
businesses

 Maintain a healthy 
balance sheet

 Accelerate growth  
in higher margin 
growth segments

How it links to risk 

1

Safety

Emerging risk
Integration of sustainability

PEOPLE

Safety

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Unsafe practices and  
conditions can have  
devastating consequences – 
the impact of human loss  
and suffering on individuals  
and those around them is 
immeasurable.
Globally, the pulp and paper 
industry, and forestry in 
particular, is viewed as 
potentially hazardous.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

Our safety performance was deeply unsatisfactory:
 • Tragically, there were four contractor fatalities in Sappi Southern Africa
 • As shown below, the LTIFR for own employees and contractors deteriorated against the previous five years. The global 

own injury index (II) was an improvement on 2018, but above what was achieved in 2014, with the contractor II 
performance impacted by the four fatalities.

Sappi North America’s own 
employee LTIFR was the best ever. 
Year-on-year, own employee LTIFR 
deteriorated in Sappi Europe while 
contractor LTIFR improved, but both 
own employee and contractor LTIFR 
declined in Sappi Southern Africa. 
Performance in Sappi Europe was 
mainly affected by the integration of 
mills acquired in 2018. The region 
has conducted safety gap audits to 
redress the situation. With the 
assistance of a team from DuPont, 
Sappi Southern Africa is driving 
initiatives to improve safety systems 
and awareness. The focus on 
life-saving rules will continue in 2020 
as the region’s primary safety initiative.

Lost-time injury frequency rate

1
7
.
0

8
3
.
0

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0

6
5
.
0

9
5
.
0

8
5
.
0

1
4
.
0

6
3
.
0

4
3
.
0

5
5
.
0

4
3
.
0

1
7
.
0

1
4
.
0

100

80

60

40

20

0

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

(cid:81) Sappi LTIFR (lhs)

(cid:81) Contractor LTIFR (lhs)

(cid:81) Sappi II (rhs)

(cid:81) Contractor II (rhs)

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Employee engagement

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

When employees are engaged 
at work, they feel a connection 
with the company. They believe 
the work they are doing is 
important and therefore work 
harder. This has obvious 
implications for productivity, 
career development and overall 
job satisfaction.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

How it links to other  
aspects of our business

   Achieve cost  
advantages

 Rationalise declining 
businesses

 Maintain a healthy 
balance sheet

 Accelerate growth  
in higher margin 
growth segments

How it links to risk 

9

 Employee 
relations

Emerging risk
Integration of sustainability

 • 90% of the total organisation participated in our 2019 survey – a 6% improvement on participation levels of 84% in 2017. 
 • Overall employee engagement remains high, with 42% of employees fully engaged, 39% unsupported or detached and 

19% fully disengaged.

Skills

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

People are no longer looking  
for a ‘job for life’ but have 
moved towards ‘learning for 
life’. At the same time, rapid 
changes in the operating 
environment are constantly 
reshaping the skills 
requirements of our business.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business

How it links to risk 

9

10

Employee 
relations

Failure to attract and 
retain key skills

Operating context: 
Generation Z

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • In 2019, we continued to implement programmes to enhance skills levels, particularly across priority categories of employees
 • We also continued to offer all employees access to detailed development plans and the opportunity to select online or classroom 

training from over 4,000 approved courses.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Shared value

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Shared value involves 
developing profitable business 
strategies that deliver tangible 
social benefits. In other words, 
identifying societal challenges 
within our sphere of operation 
and finding ways of addressing 
these for the mutual benefit 
of communities and the 
company, thereby enhancing 
our social licence to operate, 
building our reputation as a 
responsible corporate citizen, 
establishing customer loyalty 
and attracting talent.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

Emerging risks

Integration of sustainability 
Social unrest
Land restitution

Operating context: 
Social disruption 

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

We continued to take a very active approach to Corporate Shared Value (CSV) 
both regionally and globally, driving key initiatives in support of our three primary 
stakeholder groups – employees, customers and the local communities in which we 
operate. Given South Africa’s development needs, and in line with our longstanding 
approach, the bulk of spend was allocated to this region:
 • Sappi Europe: EUR100,000
 • Sappi North America : US$460,000
 • Sappi Southern Africa: ZAR50 million.

Investing in early childhood development

International research states that 90% of brain growth and development takes place before the age of five. Research 
also indicates that children whose development is nurtured early in life are more likely to be:
 • Successful in school, have fewer learning disabilities and be more likely to finish high school and seek further 

education or training

 • More productive in the workforce, hold better jobs, own their own homes
 • Healthier throughout their lives, physically and mentally.

Against this backdrop, the South African government prioritised early childhood development (ECD) as highlighted in 
the National Development Plan (NDP) Vision for 2030.

We began investing in ECD in 2014, partnering with key role players to achieve the following results:
 • In Mpumalanga, we have developed an ECD centre of excellence at the Sappi Elandshoek community through 

Penreach, the largest teacher development programme in Africa. Sappi has sponsored training for the principal and 
five primary school teachers from a local primary school in ECD-related topics. Between 2016 and 2018, these 
teachers reached 415 children

 • In 2016, we extended the ECD programme to Gauteng, by sponsoring the Jabulani Training and Development 
Centre. Our sponsorship of the centre has contributed to training over 1,250 ECD practitioners in recent years
 • In 2018, a total of 22 ECD practitioners graduated from the ECD programme in KwaZulu-Natal with an NQF4 (a 

national standard) qualification, implemented under the auspices of Training and Resources in Early Education (TREE), 
and a further 36 will complete their training at the end of 2019. Of these, 18 will have an NQF4 certification which they 
will administer in their crèches, while the other 18 have been trained to run playgroups in their areas, where there were 
no ECD facilities before. Practitioners in this region have impacted over 2,000 children between 2016 and 2018.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labour relations

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Sound labour relations result in 
increased levels of engagement,  
enhanced productivity and a 
more harmonious working 
environment.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

How it links to other  
aspects of our business                                 

Operating context: 
Social disruption

How it links to risk 

9

Employee 
relations

Emerging risks

Social unrest
Integration of sustainability

 • Sappi endorses the principles of fair labour practice as entrenched in the United Nations Global Compact and Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights. At a minimum, we conform to, and often exceed, the labour legislation requirements in countries 
where we operate. We promote freedom of association and engage extensively with representative trade unions. Globally, 62% 
of Sappi’s workforce is unionised, with 69% belonging to a bargaining unit.

 • Sappi enjoyed relatively positive industrial relations with trade unions at all manufacturing sites across the group and Sappi 
Forests’ plantations in Sappi Southern Africa – attributable mainly to our proactive engagement strategy and initiatives.

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PLANET

Issues discussed here are covered in greater detail in the Planet section of our 2019 Group Sustainability Report,  
available at www.sappi.com 

Climate change

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Woodfibre is a key input into 
our business. Climate change 
could pose a risk to our 
plantations in South Africa.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand 
owner concerns about  
sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

5

Natural resource 
constraints

Emerging risks

Integration of sustainability 
Climate change

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

We have established a working group to integrate the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure 
(TCFD) into our risk assessment of climate change.

Sappi together with other forestry companies in South Africa, and with financial support from the Department of Science and 
Technology’s Forest Sector Innovation Fund, has initiated a detailed climate change mapping project with the Global Change 
Institute (GCI) at the University of the Witwatersrand. This project will enable us to spatially map the risk across our entire land base, 
and understand how it changes over decades. 

In addition, we continued to:
 • Adjust and direct our tree breeding strategy using modelled future climate data. This will help us to produce and select the most 

optimally suited hybrid varieties for each climatic zone

 • Replace pure species with hybrids more suited to future climatic conditions to enhance security of supply
 • Together with rapid understanding of the relative tolerance/susceptibility of our growing stock to new pests or disease, these 

techniques are critical in successfully managing the viability of our woodfibre base

 • Use of satellite imagery and drones to rapidly detect and respond to change
 • Monitor soil – under hotter and drier climatic conditions, the importance of soil organic matter will increase because of its ability 

to reduce soil temperature, and to increase the soil water infiltration rate and soil water holding capacity

 • Implement an extensive fire protection strategy, as climate change raises the potential for fires.

Understanding climate risks
A preliminary climate change investigation conducted by Sappi Forests’ scientists indicated that climate change is likely 
to be larger in Southern Africa compared to the world average. The study indicated that maximum temperatures are 
more likely to increase than minimum temperatures, especially during the spring and summer months. It is also likely 
that spring rainfall will decrease, with more high-intensity rainfall in summer. The combined effect of higher temperatures 
and lower rainfall in spring is likely to increase tree stress. This in-house study highlighted that simply understanding 
changes to annual averages is not enough if we are to mitigate potential losses. Currently, the available climate 
projections do not meet Sappi’s needs for the following reasons:
 • The time resolution is too infrequent – projections are typically for mid-century and end of century, whereas we need 

something closer to decadal intervals

 • The spatial resolution is too coarse – often regional, rather than plantation block specific.

The variables provided are too general – annual rainfall rather than its monthly distribution, mean temperatures rather 
than the extremes, wind, humidity and other variables absent. 

 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Understanding climate risks continued
Accordingly, together with other forestry companies in South Africa and financial support from the Department of 
Science and Technology Forest Sector Innovation Fund, Sappi has initiated a detailed climate change mapping project 
with the Global Change Institute (GCI) at the University of the Witwatersrand. The GCI team is made up of South Africa’s 
leading climate change experts. The project entails two phases:
 • Phase 1: 2020: Generation of raster climate surfaces for the entire forestry domain of South Africa, at 8 km 

resolution, with monthly time resolution, for the years 2020, 2030, 2040 to 2100. The variables would include up to 
20 important bioclimatic indicators as well as averages and information about their statistical distribution, such as 
variances, confidence ranges and probabilities of exceedance

 • Phase 2: 2021 onward: A second iteration of the variables generated for the one-year product, refining the indicators 

or making them more specific for species or issues; and/or including more ensemble members or scenarios to 
broaden the robustness of the evaluation; and/or 1 km data for selected parts of the country.

The regional climate modelling capacity established at Wits GCI can resolve all the needs of the industry, listed above. 
Wits GCI runs the CCAM Global Climate Model, a state-of-the-art Global Circulation Model (GCM), fully coupled with 
land and ocean. It can seamlessly use the same framework to incorporate the output of ensembles of other GCMs, and 
downscale them for Southern Africa in a very robust way. Outputs can be generated at any time interval. The Southern 
African downscalings already under way produce coverage at a fundamental resolution of 8 x 8 km over the entire 
South African forestry domain, fine enough to be able to represent important local phenomena (like the escarpment) that 
are invisible to GCMs. All primary climate variables are generated, so producing them as output tailored to the needs of 
forest bioclimatology is relatively straightforward.

The Variable Resolution Earth System Model used for the regional downscalings can then be used a second time, to 
generate projections with a resolution of as fine as 1 x 1 km, over an area of 200 x 200 km. This is a ‘cloud-resolving’ 
scale, so it can capture the specificity of rainfall in relation to terrain and aspect. The process is computationally intensive, 
so cannot immediately be applied to all the forest extent in South Africa, but over time key areas will be prioritised.

Energy

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Given the high-energy intensity 
of our industry, the cost and 
availability of energy is a key 
consideration that must be 
weighed up in the context of 
a carbon-constrained world.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

   Achieve cost  
advantages

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand 
owner concerns about  
sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

5

Natural resource 
constraints

Emerging risks

Integration of sustainability 
Climate change

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Energy is a key input for our industry. Aggressively managing 
energy use reduces carbon emissions and enhances cost 
efficiencies. Globally, purchased energy costs as a percentage 
of cost of sales have not fluctuated significantly over the last 
five years and were 8.74% in FY19 (2018: 8.98%).

 • Environmental impact is reduced by the amount of energy as 
well as type consumed. We have made significant efforts to 
reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, thereby reducing fossil-fuel 
related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and separating our 
operations from the volatility of energy prices. In 2019, our 
global use of renewable energy as a percentage of total energy 
used was 52.9%. However, while our global direct (Scope 1) 
GHG emissions were stable in the year under review, indirect 
(Scope 2) emissions increased by 5.7% year-on-year. The main 
reason for the increase was the deteriorating emissions 
factor of energy derived from Eskom, the South African 
state power utility.

Renewable energy (%)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

8
.
9
7

8
.
7
7

5
.
1
8

0
.
1
8

0
.
1
8

9
.
6
4

7
.
6
4

6
.
2
4

3
.
8
3

4
.
9
3

8
.
4
5

8
.
3
5

7
.
3
5

1
.
2
5

9
.
2
5

7
.
1
4

2
.
1
4

5
.
2
4

3
9
.
3
4

6
2
.
4
4

EU

NA

SA

Global

■ 2015

■ 2016

■ 2017

■ 2018

■ 2019

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OUR KEY 
MATERIAL ISSUES continued

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand 
owner concerns about  
sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

5

Natural resource 
constraints

Emerging risks

Climate change
Integration of sustainability
Social unrest

Water

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

Our operations are highly 
dependent on the use and 
responsible management of 
water resources. Water is used 
in all major process stages, 
including raw materials 
preparation (woodchip 
washing), pulp washing, 
screening, and paper machines 
(pulp slurry dilution and fabric 
showers). Water is also used for 
process cooling, materials 
transport, equipment cleaning 
and general facilities operations.

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Globally, in 2019, we extracted 288.91 million cubic metres of total water for all purposes. However, our total water consumption 

is much lower than the amount extracted would indicate, because we return a high percentage of the water we use to the 
environment – 95% of water drawn was returned to the environment in the past year. Water that is ‘consumed’ in our operations 
is primarily water lost to the environment due to evaporation in the paper drying process and a small amount of moisture 
contained in our finished products. 

Specific process water returned versus extracted (m3/adt)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

2
3
.
4
3

7
2
.
1
3

3
9
.
4
3

4
7
.
1
3

4
7
.
3
3

6
6
.
1
3

8
2
.
4
3

5
1
.
2
3

7
1
.
4
3

2
3
.
2
3

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

■ Specific process water extracted (m3/adt)

■ Specific process effluent discharged (m3/adt)

■ Ratio of effluent to extracted water (rhs)

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50

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Biodiversity

MATERIAL ISSUE

Why it is important

The plantations and forests 
from which we source 
woodfibre depend on healthy 
ecosystems and beneficial 
biotic processes taking place.

How it links to other  
aspects of our business 

Operating context: Increasing 
consumer and brand 
owner concerns about  
sustainability-related issues

How it links to risk 

5

Natural resource 
constraints

Emerging risks

Integration of sustainability 
Climate change

WHAT WE DID ABOUT IT IN 2019

 • Globally, 74.8% of fibre supplied to our mills is certified. The internationally accepted, independently verified forest 

certification systems we use – PEFC™, SFI® and FSC™ – all make provision for biodiversity management. In PEFC™-
certified forests, for example, managers must “ensure that forest management activities maintain, conserve and enhance 
biodiversity” while SFI® guidelines stipulate the protection of biodiversity. Principle 6 of the FSC™’s principles and criteria, 
states: “Forest management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils, and 
unique and fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the integrity of 
the forest”.

 • We set aside some 30% permanently unplanted land on our owned and leased landholdings in South Africa to conserve 

natural habitats and their biodiversity.

 • In Sappi Southern Africa, we have used systematic conservation planning to identify 166 important conservation areas 
(ICAs) on our land using a systematic conservation planning approach based on the presence of both plant and animal 
red data species, the size, connectedness, condition and aesthetic and recreational value of the area.

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 OUR PRODUCT REVIEW

  Dissolving  
wood pulp 

With 16% share of the DWP market and 
producing close to 1.4 million tons per
annum, our dissolving wood pulp brand 
Verve is a truly sustainable brand. 

We continue to invest in all three of our world-class production sites – further 
entrenching our leadership position as a trusted source for responsible and 
sustainable DWP.

  Graphic  
papers 

Coated and uncoated papers designed to get 
the best results for you and your customers.

When companies build brands, picking the right paper can mean the difference 
between creating something average and something memorable.  

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  Packaging and  
speciality papers

We are your value-creating partner, offering an extensive 
range of innovative products and services.

With our broad and innovative portfolio of premium products, we have the right solutions to meet 
our customers’ needs, and we offer a broad range of paper based sustainable solutions as an 
alternative to fossil-fuel based, non-renewable packaging in many of our product segments.

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 OUR PRODUCT REVIEW continued

Dissolving 
wood pulp

Our dissolving wood pulp (DWP) brand, 
Verve, is a significant participant in this 
market. With 16% share of the DWP 
market and capable of producing 
1.4 million tons per annum, Verve 
is a truly sustainable brand. From 
textiles to pharmaceuticals and food 
applications, Sappi has the expertise, 
technology and track record to meet 
almost any challenge from these DWP 
market segments.

and ultimately textiles, providing 
naturally soft, smooth and breathable 
fabrics. Cellulosic fibre far exceeds 
cotton and polyester when it comes to 
sustainability – what consumers want, 
and our environment needs, are goods 
that are renewable, biodegradable and 
have superior resource efficiency, and 
that is where cellulosic fibres 
differentiate themselves from the 
alternatives. 

In FY19, 19% of Sappi’s sales were 
dissolving wood pulp

DWP is a highly purified form of 
cellulose extracted from sustainably 
grown and responsibly managed trees 
using unique cellulose chemistry 
technology. The majority of DWP is 
used to make textiles, such as viscose 
and lyocell, where DWP is converted to 
viscose and lyocell staple fibres. From 
there, the fibres are spun into yarns 

DWP can also be processed into 
products used in food and beverages, 
health and hygiene, wrapping and 
packaging, pharmaceuticals and many 
more applications that touch our daily 
lives. 

Demand for DWP used in textiles, 
particularly for viscose and lyocell 
fibres, is both the largest and fastest 
growing sector, while end markets and 
demand growth for other applications 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We continue to invest in our three world-
class production sites – further entrenching 
our leadership as a trusted source 
for responsible and sustainable dissolving 
wood pulp. 

are smaller and have lower growth 
rates. Based on the growth rate in the 
overall textile market, driven by factors 
such as population growth, rising 
urbanisation, wealth and the shift 
towards more comfortable, 
environmentally friendly natural fibres, 
we expect long-term growth in demand 
of approximately 6% per annum for 
DWP. 

Market prices for DWP are influenced 
by viscose staple fibre (VSF) and other 
textile market dynamics, paper pulp 
market pricing which can also influence 
swing mills as well as general macro-
economic uncertainties pertaining to 
the ongoing United States/China trade 
dispute and subsequent US$/RMB 
exchange rate fluctuations. 

Our markets in 2019 and outlook 
for 2020

FY19 marked a period where a 
substantial portion of the integrated 
VSF and DWP capacity disrupted 
market dynamics; installed VSF 
capacity now exceeds global demand 
by approximately 25%. This surplus 
of new low-cost VSF capacity has 

disrupted the market, lowering 
operating rates and resulting in VSF 
and DWP prices reaching historical 
lows. Over FY19, the index price for 
DWP declined by over US$300 per ton. 
We believe current pricing is below the 
cash cost of production for a significant 
proportion of global supply and 
therefore unsustainable over a 
prolonged period. Underlying demand 
for DWP is still growing at rates 
consistent with our long-term forecasts 
of around 6%. A recovery in DWP 
prices is therefore likely to be prompted 
by a recovery in VSF prices which in 
turn have been depressed by excess 
VSF capacity and a weak Chinese 
textile market. 

Despite these low prices, EBITDA 
was similar to the prior year. 
EBITDA margins for this segment 
declined from 29% to 28% on lower 
US Dollar prices, offset by a weaker 
Rand/Dollar exchange rate and 
increased sales volumes. We believe 
DWP prices in the coming year will 
be lower than the historical trend price, 
and that profitability for this segment 
will therefore be below that of the 
prior year. 

Volumes increased 7%, or 86,000 tons, 
from last year as we used the 
expanded production capacity at our 
three sites after debottlenecking 
projects. Our 110,000 ton expansion 
project at Saiccor Mill remains on track 
for a late FY20 start-up. The project 
is expected to yield long-term safety, 
efficiency and reliability improvements 
and reflects our ongoing focus on 
productivity and operational 
efficiencies. This investment is a key 
part of our strategic vision as we 
expand into fast-growing, higher-
margin segments. 

In 2020, a year expected to be 
characterised by macro-economic 
uncertainty and disruptive market 
dynamics, we aim to remain focused 
on meeting and exceeding the needs 
of our customers. We will capitalise 
on our competitive advantages: our 
world-class and sustainably managed 
plantations, geographic positioning and 
sterling reputation as a reliable partner 
to bring our customers sustainable 
products that create shared value for 
everyone.

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 OUR PRODUCT REVIEW continued

Packaging 
and speciality 
papers

for conversion to packaging grades 
that require some form of coating. 
Ahead of commissioning the various 
conversion projects, we carefully 
analysed our assets, specifically their 
production capabilities for packaging 
and speciality grades, and how those 
capabilities matched their expected 
cost of production, the cost to serve 
customers, historical demand growth, 
forecasts for the future, as well as 
competitive threats – choosing only 
those mills/products/projects where 
we believed we held a significant 
advantage. With the construction 
complete, and our ramp-ups 
progressing, we are winning new 
business with customers with 
a compelling value proposition, 
propensity for innovation and 
superlative service record. We aim 
to create solutions that solve our 
customers’ most critical challenges, 
helping them grow their sales, lower 
cost, improve their sustainability 
metrics and minimise their risk. 

We work in partnerships based on 
trust and respect. As such, we place 
great value on reliability. Our superior 
logistics network, financial stability, 
global availability and consistent 

premium quality are vital to our 
customers. That is why we manage well 
what we can control, always aiming to 
exceed our customers’ expectations, 
making sure we optimise the full value 
chain, leveraging the strengths and 
flexibility of our network. 

In FY19, 22% of Sappi’s sales came 
from packaging and speciality 
papers, up from 19% last year 

Sappi offers products and solutions in 
many different segments including:
 • Flexible packaging can be coated 
or uncoated, for food and non-food 
applications, such as sachets, 
pouches and wrappers

 • Label papers for pressure-sensitive 
applications as well as for wet glue 
and wet strength labels

 • Functional papers that offer highly 
efficient paper based solutions with 
integrated functionality, like paper 
with barriers against mineral oil 
residuals, oxygen, water vapour and 
grease as well as sealing properties
 • Containerboard including liner and 
fluting, for corrugated boxes. Sappi’s 
products are found in applications 
like consumer packaging, shelf-ready 
packaging and transport packaging 
for agricultural and industrial uses.

Both legislative edicts and consumer 
pressure are forcing companies to 
rethink their packaging needs. 
Governments, retailers and brand 
owners all over the world are demanding 
paper based packaging solutions for 
their products, and eco-conscious 
consumers and shoppers are pressuring 
brand owners for more biodegradable, 
recyclable and compostable packaging, 
all reflecting a more circular economy. 
We estimate the increasing need for 
more sustainable and environmentally 
friendly packaging solutions will lead to 
demand growth of 3% to 6% per year, 
globally, across the spectrum of our 
products. 

The evolution of our focus from graphic 
papers to packaging and speciality 
papers derives from the suitability of 
many of our graphic paper machines 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With our broad and innovative portfolio 
of premium products, we have the right 
solutions to meet our customers’ needs. We 
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sustainable solutions as an alternative to fossil 
fuel based, non-renewable packaging in many 
of our product segments.

 • Paperboard such as solid bleached 

board and folding boxboard for 
luxury packaging with more graphic 
applications. Packaging for cosmetic, 
perfume, confectionery and premium 
beverages uses our products
 • Release liner with silicon base 
papers and glassine papers for 
self-adhesive applications, such as 
graphic art applications with outdoor 
advertisements, adhesive tapes and 
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 • Technical papers for interleaving 
and thermal coating. Examples 
include tickets for boarding passes 
and concert/stadium tickets

 • Casting and release papers used 
by suppliers to the fashion, textiles, 
automobile and household industries. 
It is used in the manufacture of 
synthetic leather and decorative 
laminate products, creating textures 
that make designs come to life

 • Dye sublimation papers – a coated 
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printing with water based dye 
sublimation inks. Designed for the 
transfer of an image onto various 
polyester materials, such as banners, 
flags, snowboards, gadgets (mugs, 
mouse pads, etc) apparel and home 
textiles

 • Digital imaging papers for 

large-format inkjet printing. Posters, 
for indoor/outdoor applications, and 
technical printing in the construction 
industry (CAD/engineering)

 • Tissue paper used for toilet tissue, 

kitchen towels, serviettes, and 
medical and industrial wipes.

We manufacture from a suite of 
machines in Europe, North America 
and South Africa, ensuring scale-based 
efficiencies and security of supply. Our 
South African operations mainly focus 
on the local containerboard market. 

We supply the agricultural sector with 
cartonboard to protect fresh produce 
as it is shipped from farms to tables 
locally and around the world. Our 
North American operations currently 
make functional packaging papers, label 
papers and, following our Somerset 
conversion, paperboard for folding 
cartons. Examples include perfume 
boxes, packaging for items like toys, 
small electronics, chocolates and other 
fast-moving consumer goods. The 
focus of our European operations in this 
segment is much more diverse and 
niche. Our portfolio has higher levels of 
specialisation and customisation than 
most other speciality paper producers. 
We are capable of engineering specific 
products for specific customers, 
particularly those who want more 
than just a package. We can coat paper 
to give it unprecedented functionality 
such as moisture controls, oxygen 
barriers, grease resistant barriers, 
vapour barriers and more. Our European 
operations are ideally located in a region 
leading the ‘paper-for-plastic’ packaging 
movement. Last year, the European 
Union introduced rules to reduce marine 
litter by banning certain single-use 
plastic items, like cutlery, straws and 
drink stirrers, alongside a measure that 
holds those plastic producers 
responsible for the cost of cleaning 
these items from European beaches. 
The industry will also be given incentives 
to develop less-polluting alternatives for 
these products. With a comprehensive 
product range on three continents, R&D 
centres in each region sharing best 
practices and new findings from new 
customers, our customers benefit from 
reliable supply from a broad geographic 
footprint, and a leader in innovation in 
the sector. 

Our markets in 2019 and outlook 
for 2020

The review period was characterised 
by increased volumes and costs. 
Volumes were nearly 12% higher than 
last year as ongoing customer trials 
and qualifications turned into customer 
wins and subsequent volume 
commitments. Net sales were up 15% 
from last year. Despite the increase in 
volume, EBITDA margins declined from 
12.7% last year to 9.8% in FY19. While 
our realised price per ton increased by 
some 3% through the year, our average 
cost per ton rose over 7% from last 
year, mainly due to purchased paper 
pulp. Increasing our level of pulp 
integration has been a group priority for 
some time. Accordingly, in November 
2019, we purchased the Matane pulp 
mill in Quebec, Canada, which will 
increase pulp integration for the group. 
Pulp prices began declining in the 
second quarter of our fiscal with the 
benefit most evident in our fourth 
quarter, as we worked through 
higher-cost inventory in our supply 
chain. EBITDA margins rose to 13.7% 
in our fourth quarter, and given the 
Matane acquisition and lower market 
paper pulp prices, we believe margins 
will be better for this segment in FY20. 

Along with higher EBITDA margins, 
we also believe FY20 will bring 
additional volume growth, aided by the 
shift from plastics to paper in various 
packaging and speciality categories. 
We expect continued success from 
conversion projects we completed in 
2018. Customer qualifications and 
trial-runs of our new products prove 
we are capable of developing 
innovative and quality products that 
our customers can depend on. 

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 OUR PRODUCT REVIEW continued

Graphic 
papers

declines. In FY19 demand dropped 
relative to 2018 for all grades and in all 
regions. Having noticed this trend 
developing in our markets in 2017 and 
2018, we converted the most ideal 
paper machines in our portfolio from 
graphic paper to packaging and 
speciality papers, where demand is 
growing world-wide. Our graphics 
business is declining and part of our 
strategy is to rationalise this business. 
For Sappi, this means maximising its 
significant cash flow generation, 
continuously improving our cost 
position, and optimising the use of 
our best-in-class production assets. 
Executing this strategic pillar means 
more funds available to invest in our 
other, faster-growing, higher-margin 
segments and ultimately returning cash 
to shareholders. 

In FY19, global industry statistics 
showed volume declines between 
8% and 9% for both coated woodfree 
and coated mechanical papers. Our 
volumes from the segment were some 
7% lower year-on-year due to 
increases in market share in coated 
woodfree paper. Despite the decline 
in market demand, average prices 

realised were flat relative to 2018 as 
industry capacity closed in the United 
States and Europe and producers took 
downtime to manage inventories, 
keeping our major markets in balance. 
Input cost pressures eased in the 
second half as prices for paper pulp 
declined from their historical highs in 
late 2018 and early 2019. Our EBITDA 
margin declined relative to last year, 
from 8.8% to 7.4%, reflecting the 
decline in volumes and higher costs 
in the first half FY19. 

In 2020, we expect to sell marginally 
lower volumes of graphic papers as 
we ramp up production and sales of 
packaging and speciality papers from 
our converted machines. We believe 
our cost position next year will be 
better than 2019. Prices for our main 
raw material – paper pulp – declined 
in the latter half of 2019 and, while 
forecasts vary, we see pulp market 
dynamics showing little reason for pulp 
prices to rise above their historical 
highs of last year. 

At Sappi, we understand this difference 
and use our expertise to develop a 
variety of printing papers designed to 
meet specific needs, whether a 
high-end product with extra wow 
factor, a comprehensive solution that 
caters to numerous requirements or 
a paper that is more budget-friendly. 
Sappi delivers so that brands can 
have a more memorable impact.

Our markets in 2019 and outlook 
for 2020

Demand for graphic papers has been 
in secular decline in mature markets 
for several years, while growing in 
developing economies around the 
world. Taken together, global demand 
for graphic papers netted modest 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
When companies build brands, picking 
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between creating something average 
and something memorable.

In FY19, 64% of Sappi’s sales were 
in four different grades of graphic 
papers discussed below:

Coated woodfree paper

Share of sales: 41%

Printers and publishers use coated 
woodfree paper for a variety of 
marketing promotions including 
brochures, catalogues, calendars, 
annual reports, direct mail, textbooks 
and magazines. Coated paper is 
brighter, smoother and tends to have 
greater opacity than uncoated grades. 
We manufacture coated woodfree 
paper in our North American and 
European businesses but sell to 
customers all over the world. In FY19, 
41% of Sappi’s sales were in this 
segment, typically through large paper 
merchants.

Demand trends: Global advertising 
expenditure is forecast to grow, but the 
print share of that spend is expected to 
decline. However, we believe there will 
always be a place for paper within the 
marketing mix. Globally, demand for 
coated woodfree paper is forecast to 
decline from around 22 million tons in 
2019 to 18 million tons by 2023. 

Sales: Sappi’s net revenue from 
coated woodfree paper was 7% less 
than last year due to slack demand 
and the subsequent downtime taken 
during the year. Sales volumes declined 
around 10% in 2019, due to this 
downtime and our conversion projects 
away from graphic paper. Globally, 
demand for coated woodfree paper 
declined by 8.5%.

Coated mechanical paper

Share of sales: 10%

newspaper inserts and other 
advertising materials. In FY19, 10% 
of Sappi’s sales constituted coated 
mechanical paper, all from our 
European business. Customers for 
this paper are typically large paper 
merchants, commercial printers and 
publishers of weekly and/or monthly 
magazine titles.

Demand trends: Demand for coated 
mechanical paper is more closely 
linked to demand for magazines. 
Readership, subscriptions, circulation, 
pagination and advertising revenue per 
page continue to decrease in larger 
markets as consumers opt for digital 
formats. 

Sales: Sappi’s net revenue from 
coated mechanical paper was 11% 
lower than last year, due to lower 
volumes as we took both market-
related downtime and converted 
coated mechanical capacity into 
coated woodfree capacity. Volumes 
were around 12% lower than the prior 
period. This year, the global market 
contracted by 8.4%.

Uncoated woodfree paper

Share of sales: 6%

Uncoated woodfree paper is used for 
letterheads, business stationery and 
photocopy paper, with certain brands 
sold to converters for books, 
brochures, envelopes, pamphlets and 
magazines. Sappi makes and sells 
uncoated woodfree paper in our 
European and South African 
businesses. In FY19, 6% of Sappi’s 
sales were uncoated woodfree paper. 
Our main customers in this sector are 
paper merchants and converters.

Coated mechanical paper is primarily 
used in magazines, catalogues, 

Demand trends: Demand for 
uncoated woodfree paper is expected 

to post modest declines of about 2% 
over the next few years. Like other 
graphic papers, demand continues to 
decline in most markets, with limited 
growth from emerging markets.

Sales: Our net revenue from uncoated 
woodfree paper was 9% higher than 
last year, reflecting increased volumes 
and prices in both Europe and South 
Africa. Globally, demand was relatively 
stable this financial year, with a modest 
decline of 1.4%.

Newsprint paper

Share of sales: 1%

Newsprint, 1% of Sappi’s sales, is 
manufactured from mechanical and 
bleached chemical pulp, with uses 
including advertising inserts and 
newspapers. We manufacture and 
sell newsprint from our South African 
business. 

Demand trends: Demand for 
newsprint is principally derived from 
newspaper circulation and overall retail 
advertising. As newspaper readership 
declines around the world, publishers 
are consolidating and many titles have 
closed. There are pockets of growth in 
advertising-financed daily newspapers 
typically found in large metropolitan 
cities. 

Sales: Production problems limited 
our newsprint volumes this year, which 
were 4% behind last year although net 
revenues rose marginally. Globally, 
newsprint demand declined 11% 
versus 2018.

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT

Observance of 
the four pillars of 
our long-term 
group strategy 
reduced the 
impact of the 
prevailing global 
economic 
uncertainty.

GT Pearce

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Section 1
Financial highlights

(US$ million)

Sales
EBITDA excluding special 
items
Operating profit excluding 
special items
Profit for the year
EBITDA excluding special 
items to sales (%)
Operating profit excluding 
special items to sales (%)
Operating profit excluding 
special items to capital 
employed (ROCE) (%)
Net cash (utilised) generated
Net debt
Basic earnings per share 
(US cents)

 2019

5,746

687

402
211

12.0%

7.0%

11.5%
1
1,501

39

 2018 

5,806

762

480
323

13.1%

8.3%

14.6%
(254)
1,568

60

% 
change

(1)

(10)

(16)
(35)

n/a

n/a

n/a
n/a
(4)

(35)

Observance of the four pillars of our long-term group strategy reduced the impact 
of the prevailing global economic uncertainty. Volume growth in our dissolving 
wood pulp and packaging and speciality segments offset the majority of the 
7% volume decline in our graphics segment. The continuous improvement 
initiatives supported by projects to improve our cost base and enhance our 
competitiveness yielded US$88 million savings for the year. We strengthened the 
balance sheet by improving our debt maturity profile and refinanced the 2022 
bonds with 2026 bonds at the lower coupon of 3.125%. Although net working 
capital levels increased during the first half of the year, a strong focus on inventory 
and payment terms reduced net working capital to 7.9% of annual net sales.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The year under review was 
challenging in many respects, but 
served to reinforce our commitment 
to our strategic initiatives.

Exchange rates and their impact on the 
group’s results
The group reports its results in US Dollar and, as such, the 
main foreign exchange rates used in the preparation of the 
financial statements were:

Income statement 
average rates

Balance sheet 
closing rates

 2019

 2018

 2019

 2018

EUR1 = US$
1.1282
US$1 = ZAR 14.3464

1.1902

1.0939
13.0518 15.1563

1.1609
14.1473

Two of our three geographic business units (Europe and 
Southern Africa) have home or ‘functional’ currencies of 
Euro and ZAR respectively. The results and cash flows of 
these two non-US Dollar units are translated into US Dollar 
at the average exchange rate for the reporting period in 
order to arrive at the consolidated US Dollar results and cash 
flows. When exchange rates differ from one period to the 
next, the impact of translation from the functional currency 
to reporting currency can be significant.

Weak markets in all our segments constricted EBITDA 
margin by 1% to 12%. The conversion projects in North 
America and Europe from graphic paper to packaging and 
specialities gained traction towards the end of the fiscal 
following lengthy qualification processes. Dissolving wood 
pulp volumes increased by 7% following the capacity 
increase projects at the Cloquet and Ngodwana Mills in 
the previous fiscal. The reduced margins and volumes 
(excluding forestry volumes) resulted in EBITDA of 
US$687 million (LY = US$762 million). 

Net finance costs increased by 24% to US$85 million 
as they included the 2026 bond refinancing costs of 
US$13 million. The average tax rate of 29% was above 
the average statutory rate due mainly to unutilised tax losses 
in Europe. Profit for the year was US$211 million 
(LY = US$323 million) and earnings per share excluding 
special items reduced from US60 cents to US44 cents. 
The directors have considered it prudent to temporarily halt 
dividends until such time as market conditions improve.

Cash generated for the year of US$1 million includes a 
dividend payment of US$92 million, tax payments of 
US$51 million and capital expenditure of US$471 million. 

Segment reporting
Our reporting is based on the geographical location of our 
businesses, ie Europe, North America and South Africa.

The selected product line information is reviewed by our 
Executive Committee in addition to the geographical basis 
upon which the group is managed. This additional 
information is presented in this report to assist our 
stakeholders in obtaining a complete understanding 
of our business. 

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT continued

Section 2
Financial performance
The discussion in this section focuses on the group financial performance in 2019 
compared with 2018. A detailed discussion, in local currencies, of each of our 
three operating regions follows in Section 3.

Income statement
Our group financial results can be summarised as follows:

(Metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

US$ million

Sales revenue
Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs
Fixed costs
Sundry items(1)

US$ million

Operating profit excluding 
special items
Special items

Operating profit
Net finance costs
Taxation

Net profit
EPS excluding special items 
(US cents)

2019

7,622

5,746

(3,530)
(1,711)
(43)

402
(19)

383
(85)
(87)

211

44

2018

7,591

5,806

(3,521)
(1,767)
(38)

480
9

489
(68)
(98)

323

60

% 
change

–

(1)

–
–
13

(16)
–

(22)
25
(11)

(35)

(27)

(1)  Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to manufacturing operations such 
as debtor securitisation costs, commissions paid and received and results of equity-accounted 
investments.

Sales volume
In 2019, sales volume increased by 31,000 tons compared with 2018. The 
regional and product segment contributions to sales volume are shown below:

Sales volume 
(metric tons ’000)

North America
Europe
Southern Africa

Group

Graphics
Packaging and specialities
Dissolving wood pulp
Forestry

 2019

1,379
3,241
3,002

7,622

3,846
1,129
1,284
1,363

 2018

1,371
3,366
2,854

7,591

4,150
1,009
1,198
1,234

% 
change

1
(4)
5

–

(7)
12
7
10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In North America, increases in the packaging and speciality papers and dissolving 
wood pulp sales volumes offset the reduced Graphics volumes due to the 
conversion of PM1 at Somerset. 

European volumes decreased by 4% with lower demand in the mechanical 
coated and coated woodfree markets. The decrease in sales volumes was 
partially offset by strong growth in the packaging and speciality product 
segments.

Volumes in South Africa increased by 5% mainly due to growth in dissolving wood 
pulp and forestry volumes. Packaging and speciality volumes decreased due to 
lower demand in the local citrus market. 

Capacity utilisation reduced to an average of 88% for the group as weak graphic 
markets forced us to take 268 000 tons of production downtime during the year.

Sales volume to capacity

North America
Europe
Southern Africa

Group

 2019
%

82
88
94

88

 2018
%

93
93
95

95

Sales revenue
Sales revenue decreased by 1% from US$5.8 billion in 2018 to US$5.7 billion in 
2019. The stronger US Dollar resulted in a negative US$188 million conversion 
impact which was offset by selling price and mix improvements of US$163 million. 
Consolidated volumes were marginally down on last year.

Variable and delivery costs 
Variable and delivery costs increased by US$9 million from 2018. This is in line 
with sales volumes increasing marginally. There were offsetting variances amongst 
the different product categories which resulted in variable costs remaining stable 
relative to last year. 

The net paper and dissolving wood pulp purchases and sales of the Sappi group 
are detailed in the graph below:

Sappi group pulp balance (US$ million)

7
8
7

6
0
1

Net pulp sales

8
1
2

900

600

300

0

(300)

(600)

(900)

(1,200)

)
5
7
6
(

Eu

NA

SA

Sappi group

■ Net sales

■ Net purchases

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
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The table below reflects the breakdown of variable and delivery costs by type.

Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs 
(US$ million)

Wood
Energy
Chemicals
Pulp and other
Delivery

Group

 2019

624
417
811
1,243
435

3,530

 2018

598
411
851
1,171
490

3,521

% 
change

4
1
(5)
6
(11)

–

Fixed costs 
Fixed costs increased by US$4 million from fiscal 2018. This increase was mainly 
due to a higher depreciation charge (US$31 million) as a result of the increased 
capital spend offset by lower personnel cost (US$29 million). The weaker ZAR 
and EUR resulted in a decrease in US Dollar costs (US$77 million). Excluding the 
currency impact fixed costs increased by US$81 million. 

Details of the make-up of fixed costs are provided in the table below:

Fixed costs 
(US$ million)

Personnel
Maintenance
Depreciation
Other

Group

 2019

1,014
234
277
246

1,771

 2018

1,043
235
274
215

1,767

% 
change

(3)
(0)
1
14

–

(cid:44)(cid:41)(cid:48)(cid:59)(cid:43)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:196)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:95)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:92)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:90)
EBITDA excluding special items decreased to US$687 million, 10% lower than 
the previous year. Operating profit excluding special items declined from 
US$480 million last year to US$402 million in 2019. 

The EBITDA bridge reflected in the graph below shows the impact on profitability 
from higher sales volumes, higher sales prices and improved sales mix which 
were offset by increased variable and fixed cost. 

Reconciliation of EBITDA excluding special items: 2019 compared to 2018(1) (US$ million)

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500
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(1) All variance were calculated excluding Sappi Forestry.
(2) “Currency conversion” reflects translation and transactional effect on consolidation.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The tables below detail the EBITDA and operating profit excluding special items 
of the business for both 2019 and 2018 and the margins of each.

EBITDA excluding special items by region
(US$ million)

 2019

 2018

North America
Europe
Southern Africa
Corporate and other

Group

EBITDA margin by region (%)

110
232
339
6

687

126
299
337
–

762

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0
.
4
2

8
.
3
2

8
.
8

5
.
7

1
.
0
1

0
.
8

1
.
3
1

0
.
2
1

NA

EU

SA

Sappi group

■ 2018

■ 2019

EBITDA excluding special items by product 
category
(US$ million)

 2019

 2018

Dissolving wood pulp
Specialities and packaging papers
Printing and writing papers
Other

Group

Operating profit excluding special items by 
region
(US$ million)

North America
Europe
Southern Africa
Corporate and other

Group

304
126
251
6

687

306
138
318
–

762

 2019

 2018

27
104
267
4

402

49
163
270
(2)

480

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86

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
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Operating profit margin by region (%)

25

20

15

10

5

0

2
.
9
1

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.
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7

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Sappi group

8
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1

5
.
5

4
.
3

NA

6
.
3

EU

■ 2018

■ 2019

Operating profit excluding special items by 
product category
(US$ million)

Dissolving wood pulp
Specialities and packaging papers
Printing and writing papers
Other

Group

 2019

 2018

245
52
101
4

402

251
78
153
(2)

480

The charts below illustrate that 75% of the groups’ EBITDA originates from 
growing markets in the dissolving wood pulp and packaging and speciality 
segments. The Graphics segment, which contributes 37% of the EBITDA remains 
an important strategic component of our business.

Operating profit excluding special items by 
product 2019: US$402 million (%)

EBITDA excluding special items by product 
2019: US$687 million (%)

25

14

37

44

61

0
6

0
6

(cid:81) Dissolving wood pulp
(cid:81)(cid:3)Packaging and specialities
(cid:81) Graphics

19

(cid:81) Dissolving wood pulp
(cid:81)(cid:3)Packaging and specialities
(cid:81) Graphics

For information regarding the financial performance of the regions, please refer 
to Section 3 of this report.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key operating targets
Our financial targets and performance against them are dealt with in the Letter 
to Shareholders section.

Special items
Special items consist of those items which management believe are material, 
by nature or amount, to the results for the year and require separate disclosure. 
A breakdown of special items for 2019 and 2018 is reflected in the table below:

Special items – gain (loss) 
(US$ million)

Plantation price fair value adjustment
Acquisition costs
Net restructuring provisions
Profit (loss) on disposal and written off assets
Net asset (impairment) reversals
Black economic empowerment charge
Fire, flood, storm and other events

Total

 2019

 2018

19
(2)
–
(11)
(10)
–
(15)

(19)

27
(2)
(1)
4
3
(1)
(21)

9

The net impact of special items in 2019 was US$19 million. The major 
components are described below:
 • A positive non-cash US$19 million plantation price fair value adjustment was 

recognised following increases to the market price of timber

 • Various assets in Sappi Southern Africa and Europe amounting to US$7 million 

and US$4 million were scrapped 

 • A net asset impairment of US$10 million was incurred of which US$18 million 
related to our Westbrook Mill which was offset by impairment reversals of 
US$8 million at our Tugela and Stanger Mills

 • Fire, flood, storm and other events includes turbine damage at the Stockstadt 
Mill amounting to US$10 million, fire damaged timber of US$4 million in South 
Africa, integration costs of US$2 million offset by a contingent consideration 
release of US$7 million. 

(cid:53)(cid:76)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:90)(cid:91)(cid:90)

(US$ million)

Finance costs
Finance income
Net foreign exchange gains

Total

 2019

 2018

98
(9)
(4)

85

92
(18)
(6)

68

Finance costs include a charge of US$13 million for the cost of refinancing the 
2022 bonds. Finance income reduced in the current year as a result of lower 
South African cash balances due to the increased capital expenditure in the 
region. 

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
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Taxation
A regional breakdown of the tax charge is provided below:

(US$ million)

Europe
North America
Southern Africa

Total

Profit 
before tax

Tax 
(charge) 
relief

Effective 
tax rate 
%

30
(17)
285

298

(11)
4
(80)

(87)

(37)
(24)
(28)

(29)

The tax charge of US$11 million in Europe was predominantly incurred in 
Germany and Italy. Unutilised tax losses in Austria and Belgium increased 
the effective tax rate to 37%.

In North America and Southern Africa, the effective tax rate is in line with the 
statutory tax rates in those countries.

(cid:53)(cid:76)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:196)(cid:91)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:80)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:90)
After taking into account net finance costs and taxation, our net profit and 
earnings per share for 2019, with comparatives for 2018, were as follows:

(US$ million)

Operating profit
Net finance costs
Profit before taxation
Taxation

Profit for the period

Weighted average number of shares in 
issue (millions)

Basic earnings per share (US cents)

 2019

 2018

383
85
298
87

211

542.0

39

489
68
421
98

323

538.1

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The directors have elected not to declare a dividend and temporarily halt 
dividends until such time as market conditions improve.

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Section 3
Below we discuss the performance of the regional businesses. The discussion is based on performance in local currencies 
as we believe this facilitates a better understanding of the revenue and costs in the European and Southern African 
operations.

North America

(Metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

Sales
Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry costs and consolidation 
entries

Operating profit excluding special 
items

EBITDA excluding special items

 2019

1,379

% 
change

US$ 
per ton
2019

 2018

1,379

US$ 
per ton
2018

% 
change

1

% 
change

2

8

(6)
(1)

(33)

(45)

(13)

1,063

1,044

(670)

393
(363)

(10)

20

80

(624)

420
(369)

(15)

36

92

2

7

(6)
(2)

(33)

(44)

(13)

US$ 
million
2019

1,466

(924)

542
(501)

(14)

27

110

US$ 
million
2018

1,432

(856)

576
(506)

(21)

49

126

The conversion of PM1 at Somerset Mill to produce paperboard grades and the increased dissolving wood pulp capacity 
at Cloquet offset the drop in graphic sales volumes. The weak graphic markets forced the region to take 155, 000 tons 
of production downtime which had a negative impact on costs. Customer acceptance of the new paperboard products 
increased during the year, but the extended qualification runs had an adverse impact on costs during the first half of the year. 
As a result, EBITDA margin reduced to 8% from 9% in the previous year.

EBITDA of US$110 million was 13% lower than the previous year.

Europe

(Metric tons ’000)

Sales volume

 2019

3,241

 2018

3,366

% 
change

(4)

€ million
2019

€ million

2018 % change

€ per ton
2019

€ per ton
2018

% 
change

Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery 
costs

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry costs and consolidation 
entries

Operating profit excluding special 
items

EBITDA excluding special items

2,587

2,494

(1,707)

880
(762)

(25)

93

206

(1,632)

862
(712)

(13)

137

254

4

5

2
7

92

(32)

(19)

798

(527)

271
(235)

(7)

29

64

741

(485)

256
(212)

(3)

41

75

8

9

6
11

133

(29)

(15)

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
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Market conditions for graphic paper in Europe were challenging as overall demand shrunk by more than 10%. The European 
operations were able to reduce the impact of the demand reduction by increasing market share, but was nevertheless forced 
to take 113,000 tons of production downtime during the year. The extended shut at Lanaken for the conversion of PM8 
further impacted profitability. Selling prices were resilient in the face of the declining demand as the region managed the 
effects of increasing input costs. Strong volume growth of 14% in the packaging and speciality segment provided some 
relief.

Variable costs per ton increased by 9% relative to last year due mainly to an increase in purchased pulp prices. The 
purchased pulp prices reduced during the fourth fiscal quarter, which improved margins at the contribution level but was 
offset by increased fixed costs per ton due to lower absorption of fixed costs on lower sales volumes. EBITDA margins 
reduced from 10% to 8% as a consequence.

Southern Africa

(Metric tons ’000)

Sales volume*

Sales*
Variable manufacturing and delivery 
cost

Contribution
Fixed costs
Sundry income and consolidation 
entries

Operating profit excluding special 
items

EBITDA excluding special items

* Excludes forestry.

 2019

1,639

% 
change

ZAR 
per ton
2019

 2018

1,620

ZAR 
per ton
2018

% 
change

1

% 
change

11

13

8
9

11

9

11

11,747

10,699

(7,178)

4,569
(3,597)

(6,429)

4,270
(3,335)

(1,366)

1,240

2,338

2,968

2,175

2,715

10

12

7
8

10

7

9

ZAR
million
2019

19,253

(11,764)

7,489
(5,896)

ZAR 
million
2018

17,333

(10,415)

6,918
(5,403)

2,239

2,009

3,832

4,864

3,524

4,398

The debottlenecking projects at Ngodwana and Saiccor increased dissolving wood pulp sales volumes during the current 
year by 5%. The South African packaging and paper business came under pressure as citrus fruit exports dropped and the 
weak South African economy impacted other paper sales volumes. Net selling prices of dissolving wood pulp reduced in 
US Dollar terms, but the weaker exchange rate resulted in price increases in local currency. Variable costs per ton increased 
by 12% mainly due to increased wood and purchased pulp costs. The variable costs were also impacted by a ZAR20 million 
charge for carbon tax which was introduced during the fourth fiscal quarter. Fixed costs were mainly influenced by wage 
inflationary increases at 7% and the employment of additional personnel in anticipation of the increased capacity at Saiccor 
planned for fiscal 2020. The net result of the above is an increase in EBITDA to ZAR4,864 million with annual operating profit 
of ZAR3,832 million. 

The region’s capital expenditure focused on increasing dissolving wood pulp capacity during the year. 

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Major sensitivities
Some of the more important factors which impact the group’s EBITDA excluding special items, based on current anticipated 
revenue and cost levels, are summarised in the table below:

Sensitivities

Net selling prices
Dissolving wood pulp 
prices
Variable costs
Sales volume
Fixed costs
Paper pulp price
Oil price
ZAR/US$ (weakening)
Euro/US$ (weakening)

Europe
€ million

North 
America
US$ million

Southern 
Africa
ZAR million

Translation 
impact*
US$ million

Group
US$ million

25

–
14
9
7
5
2
–
(2)

16

3
8
6
5
4
–
–
(4)

200

145
113
74
54
7
3
68
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
(1)
(23)

58

13
32
22
15
11
2
3
(29)

Change

1%

US$10
1%
1%
1%
US$10
US$1
10 cents
10 cents

* Based on currency impact on translation of EBITDA.

The table demonstrates that EBITDA excluding special items is most sensitive to changes in the selling prices of our 
products.

The calculation of the impact of these sensitivities assumes all other factors remain constant and does not consider potential 
management interventions to mitigate negative impacts or enhance benefits.

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT continued

Section 4
(cid:42)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:197)(cid:86)(cid:94)
In the table below, we present the group’s cash flow statement for 2019 and 2018 
in a summarised format:

(US$ million)

 2019

 2018

Operating profit excluding special items
Depreciation and amortisation

EBITDA excluding special items
Contributions to post-employment benefits
Other non-cash items

Cash generated from operations
Movement in working capital
Net finance costs
Taxation
Dividend paid
Capital expenditure
Net proceeds on disposal of assets
Acquisition of subsidiary
Other

Net cash generated (utilised)

402
285

687
(41)
27

673
(15)
(42)
(51)
(92)
(471)
3
–
(4)

1

480
282

762
(45)
(8)

709
(79)
(66)
(73)
(81)
(541)
11
(132)
(2)

(254)

Net cash generated for the financial year was US$1 million (FY18: US$254 million 
utilised which includes the acquisition of Cham Paper Group for US$132 million). 
Lower profitability was offset by tight working capital control and lower capital 
expenditure of US$471 million (LY = US$541 million). The lower cash finance 
charge is due to the timing of the fiscal year-end date.

Investment in fixed assets versus depreciation (US$ million)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1
4
5

1
7
4

7
5
3

8
4
2

1
4
2

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

■ Cash flow capex

■ Depreciation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section 5
Balance sheet
Summarised balance sheet

(US$ million)

Property, plant and equipment
Plantations
Net working capital
Other assets
Net post-employment liabilities
Other liabilities

Employment of capital

Equity
Net debt

Capital employed

 2019

3,061
451
452
291
(298)
(508)

3,449

1,948
1,501

3,449

 2018

3,010
466
493
323
(261)
(516)

3,515

1,947
1,568

3,515

Sappi has 18 production facilities in eight countries, capable of producing 
approximately 3.7 million tons of pulp and 5.7 million tons of paper. For more 
information on our mills, their production capacities and products, please refer 
to the Where we operate section.

During 2019, capital expenditure for property, plant and equipment was 
US$471 million. The capacity replacement value of property, plant and equipment 
for insurance purposes has been assessed at approximately US$20 billion.

(cid:55)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:91)(cid:96)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:88)(cid:92)(cid:80)(cid:87)(cid:84)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:91)
The cost and depreciation related to our property are set out in the table below:

Book value of property, plant and equipment

(US$ million)

Cost
Accumulated depreciation and impairment

Net book value

 2019

9,033
5,972

3,061

 2018

9,077
6,067

3,010

The group incurred capital expenditure of US$471 million during the year on 
various capital improvement projects. This was largely offset by depreciation 
of US$277 million and foreign currency exposure of US$139 million due to 
the strengthening of the US Dollar against the ZAR and the EUR.

Plantations
We regard ownership of our plantations in South Africa as a key strategic resource 
as it gives us access to low-cost fibre for pulp production and ensures continuity 
of supply on an important raw material input source.

We currently have access to approximately 529,000 hectares of land of which 
approximately 394,000 hectares are planted with pine and eucalyptus. These 
plantations provide approximately 66% of the wood requirements for our South 
Africa mills.

During the year, there were market price increases coupled with higher average 
fair value rates. These increases were offset by the rising cost of fuel and an 
increase in the discount rate. As we manage our plantations on a sustainable 
basis, the growth for the year was offset by timber felled during the year. 

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT continued

Our plantations are valued on the balance sheet at fair value less the estimated 
costs of delivery, including harvesting and transport costs. In notes 2.3.4 and 
11 to the financial statements, we provide more detail on our accounting policies 
for plantations, how we manage our plantations as well as the major assumptions 
used in the calculation of fair value.

Working capital
The component parts of our working capital at the 2019 and 2018 fiscal year-
ends are shown in the table below:

Net working capital

(US$ million)

Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other payables and provisions

Net working capital

 2019

709
718
(975)

452

 2018

741
767
(1,015)

493

Optimising working capital remains a key focus area for us and appropriate 
targets are incorporated into the management incentive schemes for all 
businesses. The working capital investment is seasonal and typically peaks 
during the third quarter of each financial year.

Net working capital decreased to US$452 million in 2019 from US$493 million 
in 2018. The material movements in working capital are discussed below:
 • Inventories decreased by US$32 million, caused mainly by a favourable 

currency translation impact of US$31 million

 • Receivables decreased by US$49 million following lower net selling prices and 
decreased volumes in the fourth quarter, and a favourable currency translation 
impact of US$27 million

 • Payables decreased by US$40 million. The decrease in payables is largely due 
to an unfavourable currency translation impact of US$49 million, decreased raw 
material prices and decreases in bonus accruals. This was partially offset by 
higher accruals for capital expenditure.

Post-employment liabilities
We operate various defined benefit pension/lump sum plans, post-employment 
healthcare subsidies and other employee benefits in the various countries in which 
we operate. A summary of defined benefit assets and liabilities (pension and 
post-employment healthcare subsidies) is as follows:

Defined benefit liabilities

(US$ million)

Defined benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets

Net balance sheet liability

Cash contributions to defined benefit plans/
subsidies
Income statement charge (credit) to profit 
or loss*
Cash contributions deemed ‘catch-up’**

 2019

(1,525)
1,227

(298)

36

26
17

 2018

(1,431)
1,170

(261)

40

18
19

*  There was a significant non-routine past service credit during fiscal 18, which causes the total charge 

to appear much lower compared to the amount charged in fiscal 19.

** ‘Catch-up’ is cash contributions paid to defined benefit plans in excess of current service cost.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross liabilities from all our plans (funded plans and unfunded) increased by 
US$94 million compared with last year. The main cause of the overall increase 
was a significant drop in discount rates due to falling yields in respective bond 
markets. 

Fair value of plan assets rose by US$57 million over the year due to favourable 
investment returns of assets in our funded plans from outperforming bonds 
markets. Significant portions of our assets are held in bonds as part of liability 
matching strategic allocation.

Included in the liability and asset movements above is a US$12 million gain 
resulting from movements relative to the reporting currency.

The increase in liabilities exceeded the increase in assets, which contributed to 
an increase in the overall net liability by US$37 million as at September 2019. 
A reconciliation of the movement in the balance sheet over the year is shown 
graphically below and disclosed in more detail in note 28 of the annual financial 
statements. 

Sappi Limited defined benefit pensions balance sheet movement (US$ million)

50

0

(50)

100)

(150)

(200)

(250)

)
4
6
1
(

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2

Sappi Limited post-retirement medical aid subsidy balance sheet movement (US$ million)

20

0

(20)

(40)

(60)

(80)

(100)

(120)

)
7
9
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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT continued

(cid:44)(cid:88)(cid:92)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:96)
Year-on-year, equity increased by US$1 million to US$1,948 million as 
summarised below:

Equity reconciliation

(US$ million)

Equity as at September 2018
Profit for the year
Dividend paid
Actuarial losses
Share based movements
Movement in hedging reserves
Foreign currency movements
Equity as at September 2019

 2019

1,947
211
(92)
(49)
9
(11)
(67)
1,948

Profit for the year of US$211 million was offset by dividends of US$92 million, 
actuarial losses of US$49 million and foreign currency movements of 
US$67 million.

Debt
Debt is a major source of funding for the group. In the management of debt, we 
focus on net debt, which is the sum of current and non-current interest-bearing 
borrowings and bank overdrafts, net of cash and cash equivalents.

Debt funding structure
The Sappi group principally takes up debt in two legal entities. Sappi Southern 
Africa Limited issues debt in the local South African market for its own funding 
requirements and Sappi Papier Holding GmbH (SPH), which is the international 
holding company, issues debt in the international money and capital markets to 
fund our non-South African businesses. SPH’s long-term debt is supported by a 
Sappi Limited guarantee and the financial covenants on certain of its debt are 
based on the ratios of the consolidated Sappi Limited group. The covenants 
applicable to the debt of these two entities and their respective credit ratings 
are discussed below.

The diagram below depicts our debt funding structure:

Sappi Limited guarantee*

Sappi Limited

Sappi Southern Africa 
(SSA)

South African debt

Sappi Papier Holdings (SPH)

Non-South African debt

Sappi Europe

Sappi North America

Sappi Trading

*  Sappi Limited provides guarantees for long-term non-South African debt.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Below we highlight the main financing activities that occurred during the year:
 • The previous €330 million securitisation facility at Sappi Papier Holding was 
increased to €380 million and extended to 2022. The increase was required 
to cater for the additional receivables arising from the Cham Paper Group 
acquisition in 2018

 • The €450 million 2022 public bond was repaid at the April 2019 call window. 
The repayment was refinanced with a new €450 million public bond maturing 
in 2026

 • The 110,000 tons expansion project at Saiccor was partially financed with a 
new long-term facility. An unlisted ZAR1.5 billion five-year private placement 
under the Domestic Medium-Term Note programme was issued in May 2019
 • Shortly after the financial year-end the US$175 million Matane acquisition was 

finalised. The purchase price was financed with a new eight-year term loan from 
the Oesterreichische Kontrollbank in Austria. The term loan has a €74 million 
tranche and a CAD129 million tranche, with both tranches amortising in equal 
instalments from December 2021 to December 2027. 

(cid:58)(cid:91)(cid:89)(cid:92)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:92)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:92)(cid:80)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:96)
We consider the liquidity position to be sufficient, with cash holdings exceeding 
short-term obligations by US$212 million at fiscal year-end. In addition, Sappi has 
US$640 million of unutilised committed credit facilities, including the revolving 
credit facility at SPH of €525 million (US$574 million).

The structure of our net debt at September 2019 and 2018 is summarised below:

(US$ million)

Long-term debt
Senior unsecured debt
Securitisation funding
Less: Short-term portion
Net short-term debt/(cash)
Overdrafts and short-term loans
Short-term portion of long-term debt
Less: Cash

Net debt

 2019

1,713
1,465
366
(118)
(212)
63
118
(393)

1,501

 2018

1,818
1,471
376
(29)
(250)
84
29
(363)

1,568

Movement in net debt
The movement of our net debt from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2019 is explained in the 
table below:

(US$ million)

Net debt as at September 2018
Net cash generated
Currency and other movements
Net debt as at September 2019

 2019

1,568
(1)
(66)
1,501

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CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER’S REPORT continued

(cid:46)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:92)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:89)(cid:86)(cid:196)(cid:83)(cid:76)
We show the major components and maturities of our net debt at September 2019 below. These are split between our debt 
in South Africa and our debt outside South Africa. 

Interest
rates
(local
currencies)
%

Amount
US$ 
million

Fixed/
variable

Maturity (Sappi fiscal years)

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

9.72
9.25
8.06

Variable
Fixed
Fixed

3.44
1.38
1.25
2.20
0.33
4.00
3.13
7.5

Variable
Variable
Fixed
Fixed
Variable
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed

South Africa
Bank debt
DMTN Private Placement
2020 Bond

Gross debt
Less: Cash

Net South Africa debt

Non-South African
Securitisation (US$)
Securitisation (EUR)
OeKB term loan 1
OeKB term loan 2
Other bank debt (EUR)
2023 public bonds (EUR)
2026 public bonds (EUR)
2032 Bonds (US$)
IFRS adjustments

Gross debt
Less: Cash

Net non-South African 
debt

Net group debt

26
99
49

175
(124)

51

130
236
45
164
65
383
492
221
(16)

1,720
(270)

1,450

1,501

26

49

(124)

(48)

22
20
64

(270)

(164)

(212)

99

–

99

85
1

492
221
(16)

783

882

–

22
20
0.2

–

130
236

20
0.1

20
0.3
383

42

42

386

386

403

403

The majority of our non-South African long-term debt is guaranteed by Sappi Limited, the group holding company.

A diagram of the debt maturity profile for Sappi fiscal years is shown below:

t
r

Debt maturity profile for Sappi fiscal years (US$ million)

Includes €350 million 2023 bond

Includes €450 million 2026 bond

2
9
4

3
9
3

6
6
3

3
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4

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2

1
2
2

4
6

6
7

2
4

2
4

– –––– –– –

9
9

6
8

––––

–––

––––– –––– –– ––– ––––

0
2

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2032

■ Cash

■ Short term

■ Securitisation

■ SSA

■ SPH term debt

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Covenants
Non-South African covenants

Financial covenants apply to US$209 million of our non-South African bank debt, 
the €525 million revolving credit facility and the securitisation facility.

The covenants are described below and are calculated on a rolling last four 
quarter basis and require to be met at the end of each quarter:
 • the ratio of group net debt to EBITDA:

September
2019

December
2019

3.75

4.25

March
2020
to June
2021

4.50

September
 2021 to
September
2022

December
2022

4.25

4.00

March
2023

3.75

 • the ratio of group EBITDA to net interest expense should not be less than 

2.50-to-1.

The table below shows that at September 2019 we were well in compliance with 
these covenants:

Non-South Africa covenants

 2019

 Covenant

Net debt to EBITDA
EBITDA to net interest

2.20
9.49

<3.75
>2.50

In addition to the financial covenants referred to above, our bonds and certain 
of our bank facilities contain customary affirmative and negative covenants 
restricting, among other things, the granting of security, incurrence of debt, the 
provision of loans and guarantees, mergers and disposals and certain restricted 
payments. As regards dividend payments, in terms of the international bond 
indentures, any cash dividends paid may not exceed 50% of net profit excluding 
special items after tax and certain other adjustments, calculated on a cumulative 
basis.

South African covenants

Separate covenants also apply to the revolving credit facility of our Southern 
African business.

These covenants are calculated on a rolling last four quarter basis and require that 
at the end of March and September, with regard to Sappi Southern Africa Limited 
and its subsidiaries:
 • The ratio of net debt to equity at the end of March and September is not greater 

than 65%

 • At the financial year-end, the ratio of EBITDA to net interest paid for the year is 

not less than 2-to-1.

Below we show that for the year ended September 2019 the South African 
financial covenants were comfortably met.

South African covenants

 2019

 Covenant

Net debt to equity (%)
EBITDA to net interest

3.41
42.9

<65
>2.00

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OFFICER’S REPORT continued

Credit ratings
Global credit ratings: South African national rating
Sappi Southern Africa Limited: AA (za)/A1+(za)/stable outlook (November 2019)

Moody’s
Sappi corporate family rating: Ba1/NP/stable outlook (January 2019)
SPH debt rating:
 • 2023/2026 bonds and RCF: Ba1/stable outlook (January 2019)
 • 2032 bonds: Ba3

S&P Global Ratings
Corporate credit rating: BB/B/stable outlook (March 2019)

SPH Debt Rating: 
 • 2023/2026/2032 bonds and RCF: BB stable outlook (March 2019)

Section 6
Share price performance

Sappi share price – September 2016 to September 2019 (ZAR/share)

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Conclusion
The year under review was challenging in many respects but served to reinforce 
our commitment to our strategic initiatives. The foundation laid during fiscal 2018 
in terms of conversions and capacity increases reduced the severity of the 
economic headwinds we experienced during the second half of fiscal 2019. 
We were able to adjust our short-term plans without compromising the long-term 
initiatives by focusing on cash generation and balance sheet management. One of 
the regrettable consequences of the balance sheet management has been the 
decision to suspend dividends. 

The conversion projects in Europe and North America showed promise as 
packaging and speciality volumes increased by 12% year-on-year, denting the 
impact of the demand decline in the graphics sector. Similarly, the dissolving 
wood pulp volumes increased by 7% following the completion of the capacity 
increases at Cloquet and Ngodwana. The Saiccor capacity expansion project is 
scheduled to be completed towards the end of fiscal 2020. Our input costs were 
well controlled and cost improvement projects of US$88 million were recorded 
for the year. 

Fiscal 2020 promises to be a challenging year, but we are well positioned to rise 
to the challenge.

GT Pearce

(cid:42)(cid:79)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:1117)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLUUUUUUSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
CLCLUS
ASASS
FEFEG
HHU
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
WW
MPMPA
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEEEEEEEEEERRRRRRRRRRNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ONCONCE

CARE

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOORRRRRRRRRRRRTTTTTTTT

The possibilities are vast: the only 
limits are the edges of our collective 
imagination.

But for us at Sappi, the real value 
lies in greater levels of inclusivity, 
the more seamless linking of people 
and the implications this has for 
the way we reach out to, talk to and 
care about each other. It will enable 
individualised communication and 
create one-to-one relationships with 
all our stakeholders. 

That is profoundly important in a 
world of ever-accelerating changes, 
where just being able to stand 
still, take time out and instantly 
share a rapport with someone can 
transform lives.

The speed of now. That is the reality 
of 5G technology which takes 
advantage of higher-frequency 
bands in the radio spectrum that 
have a lot of capacity but shorter 
wavelengths. 5G technology offers 
an extremely low latency rate, 
or the delay between sending 
and receiving information. 
From 200 milliseconds for 4G, 
we go down to 1 millisecond (1ms) 
with 5G.

That is extraordinary when you 
consider that a millisecond is 
1/1,000 of a second and that the 
average reaction time for humans 
to a visual stimulus is 250ms or 
one-quarter of a second. 

The power of 5G will reshape 
the way we think and operate, 
enabling connected cars, smart 
cities and factories and enhanced 
healthcare, among other things. 

103
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104

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OUR
LEADERSHIP

Sappi board committee memberships:
Audit and Risk Committee

Human Resources and Compensation Committee 

Nomination and Governance Committee

Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee

* Committee Chairman

Non-executive directors

21

36

43

Tenure
2019

(cid:81) Zero to three years
(cid:81)(cid:3)Three to 10 years
(cid:81) Over 10 years

*

*

Sir Nigel Rudd (72)
Independent Chairman

Qualifications: DL, Chartered Accountant
Nationality: British
Appointed: April 2006

Skills, expertise and experience
Sir Nigel Rudd has held various senior 
management and board positions in a career 
spanning more than 35 years. He founded 
Williams plc in 1982, one of the largest 
industrial holding companies in the United 
Kingdom (UK). Sir Nigel Rudd brings his 
expertise in finance, management, 
governance and leadership to the Sappi 
board. 

Michael Anthony Fallon 
(Mike) (61)
Independent

Qualifications: BSc (Hons) (first class)
Nationality: British
Appointed: September 2011

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Fallon brings management and leadership 
experience that extends across a wide range 
of functions from research and development, 
human resources, finance, plant management, 
sales and marketing and supply chain to 
general management, including mergers and 
acquisitions.

Nkateko Peter Mageza  
(Peter) (64)
Independent

Qualifications: FCCA (UK)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: January 2010

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Mageza brings his knowledge and 
experience having held senior executive 
positions across a wide range of industries.

*

*

John David McKenzie 
(Jock) (72)
Lead independent director

Qualifications: BSc (Chemical Engineering) 
(cum laude), MA, PMD
Nationality: South African
Appointed: September 2007

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr McKenzie joined the Sappi board after 
having held senior executive positions globally 
and in South Africa, in the public and private 
sectors. His experience includes strategy, 
leadership and governance, among others.

Dr Bonakele Mehlomakulu 
(Boni) (46)
Independent

Qualifications: PhD (Chemical Engineering)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: March 2017

Skills, expertise and experience
With a PhD in chemical engineering, 
Dr Mehlomakulu has experience and expertise 
in engineering, management and leadership. 

Mohammed Valli Moosa 
(Valli) (62)
Independent

Qualifications: BSc (Mathematics and 
Physics)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: August 2010

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Moosa has held numerous leadership 
positions across business, government, 
politics and civil society in South Africa and 
internationally. Mr Moosa has expertise in 
finance, general business and mining and 
is an international expert on sustainable 
development and climate change.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

Diversity
2019

50

22

14

14

Average age
2019

50

Independence
2019

14

86

(cid:81) Diverse
(cid:81)(cid:3)Other

(cid:81) 60s
(cid:81)(cid:3)70s

(cid:81) 40s
(cid:81)(cid:3)50s

(cid:81) Independant non-executives
(cid:81)(cid:3)Executives

Karen Rohn Osar (70)
Independent

Qualifications: MBA (Finance)
Nationality: American
Appointed: May 2007

Skills, expertise and experience
Mrs Osar has extensive experience across 
multiple industries and brings her expertise in 
leadership, corporate activities and financing 
to the Sappi board.

Robertus Johannes Antonius 
Maria Renders (Rob Jan) (66) 
Independent

Brian Richard Beamish 
(Brian) (62)
Independent

Qualifications: MSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), MDP
Nationality: Dutch
Appointed: October 2015

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Renders currently serves as a business 
consultant and brings to the board his 
extensive experience in governance and 
leadership as well as operational expertise in 
manufacturing and packaging internationally. 

Qualifications: BSc (Mechanical  
Engineering), HBS PMD
Nationality: British/South African
Appointed: March 2019

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Beamish, a qualified mechanical engineer, 
brings more than 40 years’ experience in 
management, business and leadership in 
capital intensive industries to the board.

Zola Nwabisa Malinga (41)
Independent

Qualifications: BCom, CA(SA)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: October 2018

Skills, expertise and experience
Mrs Malinga has over 10 years’ experience 
in investment banking and corporate finance, 
having held senior roles at various financial 
institutions. She is also the founder and 
Executive Director of Jade Capital Partners, 
a women-owned investment holding 
company.

James Michael Lopez 
(Jim) (59)
Independent

Qualifications: BA (Economics)
Nationality: American
Appointed: March 2019

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Lopez brings his experience as the 
former President and CEO of Tembec Inc 
(2006 – 2017) a manufacturer of lumber, pulp, 
paper/paperboard and speciality cellulose 
and a global leader in sustainable forest 
management practices. 

Janice Elaine Stipp 
(Janice) (60)
Independent

Qualifications: BA (Accounting), MBA
Nationality: American
Appointed: June 2019

Skills, expertise and experience
Ms Stipp brings with her a wealth of 
experience in leadership, finance and 
treasury to the Sappi board. 

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OUR
LEADERSHIP continued

Executive directors

Stephen Robert Binnie 
(Steve) (52)
Chief Executive Officer

Qualifications: BCom, BAcc, CA(SA), MBA
Nationality: British
Appointed: September 2012

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Binnie was appointed Chief Executive 
Officer of Sappi Limited in July 2014 and 
brings extensive experience in financial 
management, leadership, corporate activity 
and strategy to the role. 

Glen Thomas Pearce (56)
Chief Financial Officer

Qualifications: BCom, BCom (Hons), CA(SA)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: July 2014

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in June 1997 
and was promoted to Chief Financial Officer 
and executive director of Sappi Limited in July 
2014. Mr Pearce has extensive financial 
management experience, both locally and 
abroad.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive management

Berend John Wiersum 
(Berry) (63)
Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Europe

Qualifications: MA (Medieval and Modern 
History)
Appointed: January 2007

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Wiersum brings vast experience in the 
paper and packaging industry across 
Europe, as well as mergers and acquisitions, 
to the Sappi board.

Mark Gardner (64)
President and Chief Executive Officer 
of Sappi North America

Qualifications: BSc (Industrial Technology)
Appointed: September 1981

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Gardner, who has qualifications in 
statistical process control, management 
effectiveness design, change management 
and business optimisation, offers his 
experience in manufacturing, production and 
supply chain management to the Sappi 
board.

Michael George Haws 
(Mike) (56)
President and Chief Executive Officer 
of Sappi North America

Qualifications: BSc (Paper Science and 
Engineering)
Appointed: October 2019

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Haws brings his extensive industry 
leadership and strategy experience to the 
business. Mr Haws was integral to the 
development and execution of Sappi’s 
2020Vision and the investments made in 
North America to grow the dissolving wood 
pulp and packaging and speciality papers 
businesses.

Alexander van Coller Thiel 
(Alex) (58)
Chief Executive Officer of Sappi 
Southern Africa

Qualifications: BSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), MBA (Financial Management 
and Information Technology)
Appointed: December 1989

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Thiel has a long history with Sappi. 
His experience and expertise includes 
marketing, logistics, procurement, strategy 
and operations across Europe and 
Southern Africa. 

Gary Roy Bowles (59)
Group Head Technology

Qualifications: BSc (Electrical Engineering), 
GCC, PR Eng, PMD, EDP
Appointed: November 1990

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Bowles brings more than 28 years of 
experience with Sappi as well as expertise in 
engineering, research, manufacturing, project 
execution, operational and risk management 
to his role.

Mohamed Mansoor (52)
Executive Vice President of Sappi 
Dissolving Wood Pulp

Qualifications: BSc (Chemistry and 
Mathematics), BSc (Hons) (Chemistry), MBA
Appointed: August 1991

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Mansoor’s expertise includes contract 
negotiation and management, supply chain 
management, strategic planning, sales 
management, key account management, 
dissolving wood pulp, international logistics 
and technical application support. 

Fergus Conan Salvador 
Marupen (Fergus) (54)
Group Head Human Resources

Qualifications: BA (Hons) (Psychology), BEd 
(Education Management), MBA, LCOR 
(Stanford University)
Appointed: March 2015

Skills, expertise and experience
Mr Marupen’s experience across a variety of 
industries in South Africa enables him to offer 
insight into human resources, governance 
and management, among many other fields 

Maarten van Hoven (46)
Group Head Strategy and Legal

Qualifications: BProc, LLM (International 
Business Law)
Appointed: December 2011

Skills, expertise and experience
As an admitted attorney of the High Court in 
South Africa, Mr van Hoven brings expertise 
in corporate, commercial and competition 
law, in the private and public sectors, as well 
as experience in mergers and acquisitions. 

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CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE

Sappi is committed 
to the highest 
standards 
of corporate 
governance, which 
form the foundation 
for the long-term 
sustainability of 
our company and 
creation of value for 
our stakeholders.

98% overall  
committee  
attendance rate

Good governance at Sappi contributes to living our values through enhanced 
accountability, a transparent and ethical culture, strong risk management, a focus 
on effective control of the business, legitimacy and good performance. Governance 
is one of our key enablers to unlocking and protecting value, as we optimise the 
use of our capitals, address our key risks while taking advantage of exciting 
opportunities and minimising the negative impacts of trade-offs that have 
to be made, as set out in Our key material issues
See Key material issues on page

 58

The group endorses the recommendations contained in the King Code of 
Governance Principles for South Africa 2016 (King IV) and applies the various 
principles to achieve the following good governance outcomes
An application register of how Sappi applies King IV principles is provided 
on the group’s website (www.sappi.com)  

The group is listed on the JSE Limited and complies in all material respects with the 
JSE Listings Requirements, regulations and codes

The board of directors
The basis for good governance at 
Sappi is laid out in the board charter, 
which sets out the division of 
responsibilities between the board and 
executive management. The board 
creates and protects sustainable value 
by collectively determining strategies, 
approving major policies and plans, 
taking responsibility for risk 
management, and providing oversight 
as well as monitoring, to help to ensure 
accountability. The board is satisfied 
that it has fulfilled its responsibilities 
in accordance with its charter for the 
reporting period.

For further information about the 
board and the board charter please 
refer to www.sappi.com.  

Board experience (Sappi’s board members have experience across multiple industries 
and leadership roles) (%)

Sustainability

HR and transformation

Global, multinational

M&A

Finance, accounting and banking

Forestry, pulp, paper and packaging

Manufacturing, industrial and mining

CFO roles

Chairman roles

CEO/executive director roles

43

36

36

50

50

50

50

64

64

0

20

40

60

80

100

100

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The Sappi board and diversity
Sappi operates globally and across a variety of markets, jurisdictions and cultures, requiring a diverse mix of experience, 
skills, gender, age and backgrounds. It is important that our board composition reflects this diversity, both in a South African 
context as well as globally. 

Directors’ independence (%)

Directors’ age: average 60 years (%)

14

86

(cid:81) Independent non-executives
(cid:81)(cid:3)Executives

(cid:81) 60s 
(cid:81) 70s 

50

22

14

14

(cid:81)(cid:3)40s
(cid:81)(cid:3)50s

Diversity (%)

Directors’ tenure: average 6.25 years
(as at financial year-end) (%)

50

50

21

36

43

(cid:81) Diverse (50% are female or ethnically diverse)
(cid:81)(cid:3)Other

(cid:81) Zero to three years
(cid:81)(cid:3)Three to 10 years
(cid:81) Over 10 years

The composition of the board and attendance at board meetings and board committee meetings is set out below for the 
year ended September 2019:

BOARD

BOARD COMMITTEES

AGM

Name

Appointed
(Retiring) 
from Board

Independent non-executives

BR Beamish

01 March 2019

MA Fallon

JM Lopez

01 March 2019

NP Mageza

ZN Malinga

JD McKenzie 

(31 December 2019)

B Mehlomakulu

MV Moosa

KR Osar

(31 December 2019)

RJAM Renders

Sir Nigel Rudd

JE Stipp

01 June 2019

Executives

SR Binnie (CEO)

GT Pearce (CFO)

Audit and Risk

Nomination and 
Governance 

Human 
Resources 
and 
Compensation

% 
attendance 
during 
tenure

SETS

100

100

100

90

100

100

100

90

100

100

100

100

100

 Lead director   

 Committee member (present)   

 Chairman   

 Ex officio   

 Absent   

 By invitation   

 Indicates appointed to committee 01 August 2019

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All top risks and emerging risks 
received attention from the board 
in 2019. 

The following specific areas will be 
added to the board’s agenda in 2020: 
 • A revised approach for reviewing the 

risks facing the group

 • Project management and oversight 

for large capital projects

 • A review of gender diversification 
across regions and the group

 • Commercialisation of biotech
 • Consideration of additional cost 

improvement areas

 • Review of risks and opportunities 

related to climate change in line with 
the Task Force on Climate-related 
Finance Disclosure (TCFD) 
recommendations

 • Consideration and approval of the 

2025 strategic plan.

Induction and training of directors
Following appointment to the board, directors receive induction and all 
directors receive training tailored to their individual needs, when required.

Stakeholder communication
The board is responsible for presenting a balanced and understandable 
assessment of the group’s position in reporting to stakeholders. The group’s 
reporting addresses material matters of significant interest and is based on 
principles of openness and substance over form. The reporting includes 
information on key trade-offs that have to be made. Various policies have 
been developed to guide engagement with Sappi’s stakeholders such as the 
Group Stakeholder Engagement Policy and Group Corporate Citizenship 
Policy on www.sappi.com/policies. Sappi has a policy addressing alternate 
dispute resolution (ADR) and relevant ADR clauses are generally included in 
contracts with customers and suppliers. There have been no requests for 
information for the period under review in terms of the Promotion of Access 
to Information Act (South African legislation).

See Our key relationships on page

 42 for more information. 

Sappi board and management committees

Board and management committees have been established and are 
discussed from pages

 111 to 117

Strategic focus areas 
In addition to standard items on the 
board’s agenda, 2019 focus areas 
included: 
 • External overviews of global and 
regional economies and related 
developments

 • Each serious safety incident was 

reviewed in detail 

 • Biotech and related research and 

development 

 • A renewed focus on new products, 
the exciter (R&D) programme and 
go-to-market strategies

 • The acquisition of Matane pulp mill in 

Canada

 • Carbon emissions and reduction of 

Sappi’s carbon footprint

 • Human resource capacity building 

and transformation for the Southern 
Africa region

 • Review of all major shuts and the 
project management process

 • Review of regional market 

peculiarities 

 • Review of results from the 

engagement survey

 • A review of the Code of Ethics and 
related policies, such as anti-trust 
and anti-fraud and corruption policies 

 • A review of cyber-security risks
 • The Sefate employee share scheme
 • Land reform in South Africa and fibre 

supply in Europe

 • Cost reduction targets and strategies
 • Review of supply and demand, of 

dissolving wood pulp and impact on 
the group

 • Review of the packaging and 
speciality papers business

 • Planning for the 2025 strategic plan.

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Board committees
The board has established committees to assist it to discharge its duties. The committees operate under written terms of 
reference set by the board. 

 • Strategic leadership and guidance
 • The board delegates certain oversight 
responsibilities to board committees

 • Ultimate oversight, accountability and responsibility 
 • The board assigns responsibilities for management 

of the group to the CEO

Board of directors

Sappi’s board committees create and maintain sustainable value by focusing on these key areas:

Audit  
and Risk  
Committee

Nomination and  
Governance 
Committee

Human  
Resources and 
Compensation  
Committee

Social, Ethics,  
Transformation 
and Sustainability 
Committee

(cid:120) Financial and sustainability 

(cid:120) Board size, composition 

systems and reporting

(cid:120) Risk management
(cid:120) Compliance and ethics
(cid:120) Combined assurance
(cid:120) Internal and external audit
(cid:120) IT governance

and diversity

(cid:120) Selection and recruitment

of directors

(cid:120) Evaluation of board 

performance

(cid:120) Corporate governance 

developments

(cid:120) Directors’ remuneration
(cid:120) Succession planning
(cid:120) Remuneration policy
(cid:120) Incentive schemes
(cid:120) Labour and industrial
relations management

(cid:120) Group corporate 

citizenship

(cid:120) Ethics
(cid:120) Environment
(cid:120) Safety
(cid:120) Broad-based black 

economic empowerment

Executive Committee
 (cid:120) Executive directors  
(CEO and CFO)
 (cid:120) Other senior executives
 (cid:120) Execute strategic 
decisions approved 
by the board

Disclosure 
 Committee

Control and  
Assurance  
Committee

Accounting  
Standards  
Committee

Treasury 
 Committee

Taxation 
Committee

Global 
Business 
Systems 
Council

Group Risk 
Management  
Committees

IT Steering 
Committee

Project  
Steering  
Committees

Sustainability 
Councils

Global Brand 
Council

Technical 
Committee

Management committees

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CORPORATE
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Board committees
The board has established committees to assist it to discharge its duties. The committees operate within written terms of 
reference set by the board.

Audit and Risk Committee

Roles and responsibilities

The Audit and Risk committee consists of six independent non-executive directors. The committee assists 
the board in discharging its duties relating to the following:
 • Safeguarding and efficient use of assets
 • Oversight of the risk management function 
 • Oversight of information and technology risks, related controls and governance
 • Oversight of non-financial risks and controls, through a combined assurance model 
 • Operation of adequate systems and control processes
 • Reviewing the integrity of financial information and the preparing of accurate financial reports in compliance with 

applicable regulations and accounting standards

 • Reviewing the quality and transparency of sustainability information included in the Annual Integrated Report
 • Reviewing compliance with the group’s Code of Ethics and external regulatory requirements
 • Oversight of the external auditors’ qualifications, experience, independence and performance. For FY19, this included 
close monitoring of the audit activities of the external audit firm KPMG, as well as the ongoing review of reputational 
concerns relating to media reports involving KPMG South Africa 

 • Oversight of the performance of the internal audit function 
 • Oversight of the performance of the finance function
 • Oversight of taxation policies, congruent with responsible corporate citizenship
 • A formal review of the committee’s operating effectiveness and performance every two years by way of an assessment 

with feedback being provided to the board.

Strategic focus areas

The Audit and Risk Committee helped to create and protect value by providing oversight and guidance for 
a wide range of topics, including the following areas related to Sappi’s strategy: 
 • Global business systems projects tasked with harmonising diverse systems and processes, to achieve streamlined, 

effective ways of working across the group and the associated cost advantages 

 • Investment projects designed to rationalise declining businesses 
 • Management’s efforts to maintain a healthy balance sheet 
 • Projects to accelerate the group’s ability to take advantage of opportunities in higher-margin growth segments, such 

as dissolving wood pulp, packaging and speciality papers, the biotech and renewable energy fields 

 • Review of cyber-security incidents impacting on specific outsourced service suppliers
 • Oversight of the establishment of a Control and Assurance Committee, which uses combined assurance to focus 

on risks facing the group

 • Suggestions and oversight for the development of a revised approach to reviewing the group’s risks 
 • Regulatory compliance with global privacy legislation. 
Areas of additional oversight for the committee in 2020 will be:
 • refinement of the risk framework and approach to reviewing risks 
 • oversight of the risk topics to be reviewed by the Control and Assurance Committee (CAC)
 • oversight of the progress of the expanded project management approach.

Stakeholders

The Audit and Risk Committee has helped to create and protect value for many stakeholders, specifically 
employees, customers, shareholders and regulators. 

See Our key relationships on page 42 for further details.

Risks

The Audit and Risk Committee has provided oversight for all the risks in the group risk register and this 
includes addressing the following top 10 risks:
1  Safety
2  Cyclical macro-economic context
3  Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
4  Highly competitive industry
5  Natural resource constraints

6  Project implementation and execution
7  Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
8  Market share and customer concentration
9  Employee relations
10  Failure to attract and retain key skills

See Risk management on page 34 for more information.

NP Mageza
Chairman

Membership details at 
September 2019: 
 • NP Mageza
 • MA Fallon
 • KR Osar
 • RJAM Renders
 • ZN Malinga
 • JE Stipp 

96%   
committee  
attendance rate

The Audit and Risk Committee 
confirms that it has received and 
considered sufficient and relevant 
information to fulfil its duties, as set 
out in the Audit and Risk 
Committee Report. 

The external and internal auditors 
attended Audit and Risk 
Committee meetings and had 
unrestricted access to the 
committee and Chairman. The 
external and internal auditors met 
privately with the Audit and Risk 
Committee during 2019. 

Mr NP Mageza is the Chairman 
and designated financial expert of 
the Audit and Risk Committee and 
attended the Annual General 
Meeting held on 6 February 2019. 
Ms ZN Malinga, joined the board 
and the Audit and Risk Committee 
with effect from 1 October 2018. 
Ms JE Stipp, joined the board 
with effect from 1 June 2019 and 
was appointed to the Audit and 
Risk Committee with effect from 
1 August 2019.

See 2019 Audit and Risk 
Committee Report on www.
sappi.com/annual-reports 
for more information.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sir Nigel Rudd
Chairman

Membership details at 
September 2019: 
 • Sir Nigel Rudd
 • JD McKenzie
 • MV Moosa

100%   
committee  
attendance rate

Nomination and Governance Committee

Roles and responsibilities

The Nomination and Governance Committee consists of three independent directors. The committee 
considers the leadership and governance requirements of the company including a succession plan for 
the board. The committee identifies and nominates suitable candidates for appointment to the board 
in line with Sappi’s policy on the promotion of gender and race diversity at board level, for board and 
shareholders’ approval. It considers the independence of candidates as well as directors. The committee 
makes recommendations on corporate governance practices and disclosures, and reviews compliance 
with corporate governance requirements. It has oversight of appraising the performance of the board and 
all board committees. The results of this process and recommended improvements are communicated to 
the chairman of each committee and the board. The functioning and performance of Sappi’s board and 
board committees were assessed externally in 2019 and established that the board and board committees 
functioned well. 

Strategic focus areas

The Nomination and Governance committee helped to protect value by providing oversight 
and guidance in 2019 on: 
 • Corporate governance 
 • Tone at the top
 • Succession plans for senior executives and the board with a focus on board composition
 • Assessment of the board and board committee performance
 • Rotation and replacement of directors

A focus area for 2020 will be executive and board succession planning.

Stakeholders

The Nomination and Governance Committee has helped to protect value primarily for the 
shareholders and regulators. 

See Our key relationships on page 42 for more information.

Risks

The Nomination and Governance Committee focused on some of the top 10 risks:
1  Safety
6  Project implementation and execution
7  Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
10  Failure to attract and retain key skills

See Risk management on page 34 for more information.

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CORPORATE
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Human Resources and Compensation Committee

Roles and responsibilities

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee consists of five independent directors. The 
responsibilities of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee are, among others, to provide 
oversight of the group’s human capital, determine the group’s human resource policy and strategy, assist 
with the hiring, and setting of terms and conditions of employment of executives, the approval of retirement 
policies, and succession planning for the CEO and management. The committee ensures that the 
compensation philosophy and practices of the group are aligned to its strategy and performance goals. 
It reviews and agrees the various compensation programmes and, in particular, the compensation of 
executive directors and senior executives as well as employee benefits. It also reviews and agrees to 
executive proposals on the compensation of non-executive directors for approval by the board and 
ultimately by shareholders.  

Strategic focus areas

The key focus area in 2019 was to review Sappi’s compensation policy and practices to ensure alignment 
and compliance to the requirements of King IV. The Sappi Limited AGM was held on 06 February 2019 and 
the requisite ordinary resolutions endorsing the remuneration policy (96% majority) and implementation 
reports (93% majority) were passed. This vote by our shareholders is an endorsement for our ongoing 
commitment to good governance and disclosure. 

The strategic focus areas for the committee in 2020 will include: 
 • To maintain high standards of corporate governance in line with King IV
 • Action points from the employment engagement survey
 • Leadership development
 • Global HR systems implementation
 • To review succession and retirement plans for key positions in Sappi
 • To engage with key stakeholders to discuss areas of mutual concern.

See Remuneration Report on page 123 for more information.

Stakeholders

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee has helped to protect value primarily 
for the employees, shareholders and regulators. 

See Our key relationships on page 42 and Remuneration Report on page 123 for more information.

Risks

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee has focused on the following top 10 risks:
1  Safety
2  Cyclical macro-economic context
6  Project implementation and execution
7  Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
9  Employee relations
10  Failure to attract and retain key skills

See Risk management on page 34 for more information.

MA Fallon
Chairman

Membership details at 
September 2019: 
 • MA Fallon
 • NP Mageza
 • JD McKenzie
 • RJAM Renders
 • BR Beamish

100%   
committee  
attendance rate

Mr BR Beamish was appointed 
to the committee from 
01 August 2019.

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MV Moosa
Chairman

Membership details at 
September 2019: 
 • MV Moosa 
 • SR Binnie
 • B Mehlomakulu
 • BR Beamish
 • JM Lopez

100%   
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Mr BR Beamish and Mr JM Lopez 
were appointed to the Human 
Resources and Compensation 
Committee from 01 August 2019.

Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee

Roles and responsibilities

The Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) Committee comprises two independent 
non-executive directors and the CEO. Other executive and group management committee members 
attend committee meetings by invitation. It should be noted that a number of other non-executive directors 
attend SETS committee meetings ex officio. The chairmen of the Audit and Risk Committee and SETS 
Committee attend each other’s meetings to avoid unnecessary repetition of discussions.  

The committee’s mandate is to oversee the group’s sustainability strategies, ethics management, good 
corporate citizenship, labour and employment practices, as well as its contribution to social and economic 
development and, for the group’s South African subsidiaries, the strategic business priority of 
transformation.

The committee is supported by the Global Sustainability Council and by Regional Sustainability Committees 
in dealing with day-to-day sustainability issues and helping to develop and entrench related initiatives in the 
business. 

Strategic focus areas

In 2019 the committee: 
 • Oversaw the implementation of a Supplier Code of Conduct intended to enable Sappi to manage our 

supply chain risks more closely

 • Provided oversight of safety initiatives and reviewed serious safety incidents
 • Oversaw external assurance on LTIFR and emissions data as well as environmental impact analyses 

for major investment projects

 • Considered trade-offs between the following:

 – Productivity and safety advantages of mechanisation and the social and human capital implications
 – Financial and natural capitals relating to the use of coal versus other renewable energy fuels for our 

heating requirements.

The strategic focus areas for the committee in 2020 will include: 
 • Further reduction of the group’s carbon footprint 
 • Safety initiatives
 • Sappi Southern Africa’s performance against the applicable BBBEE legislation.

Stakeholders

The SETS Committee has a broad spread of stakeholders for which it helps to protect (or create) 
value, namely suppliers, customers, employees, regulators, shareholders and society.

See Our key relationships on page 42 for more information.

Risks

The SETS Committee focused on the top 10 risks: 
1  Safety
2  Cyclical macro-economic context
3  Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
4  Highly competitive industry
5  Natural resource constraints
6  Project implementation and execution
7  Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
8  Market share and customer concentration
9  Employee relations
10  Failure to attract and retain key skills

See Risk management on page 34 for more information.

See SETS Committee Report on page 123 and summary of the group’s sustainability initiatives 
at www.sappi.com/sustainability. 

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Management committees
The board assigns responsibility for the day-to-day management of the group to the CEO. To assist the CEO in discharging 
his duties, a number of management committees have been formed. Some of these committees also provide support for 
specific board committees. The management committees are a key component of Sappi’s second line of defence and 
assurance. Refer to pages 

 34 for additional details of Sappi’s approach to risk, controls and assurance.

Executive Committee

This committee comprises executive directors and senior management from Sappi Limited as well as the CEOs of the three 
main regional business operations, and the dissolving wood pulp business. The CEO has assigned responsibility to the 
Executive Committee for a number of functional areas relating to the management of the group, including the development 
of policies and alignment of initiatives for strategic, operational, financial, governance, sustainability, 
social and risk processes. The Executive Committee meets at least five times per annum. 

Disclosure Committee

The Disclosure Committee comprises members of the Executive Committee and senior management from various 
disciplines. Its objective is to review and discuss financial and other information prepared for public release. It is the ultimate 
decision-making body, apart from the board, on disclosure.

Treasury Committee

The Treasury Committee meets monthly to assess financial risks on treasury-related matters.

Taxation Committee

The Taxation Committee meets monthly to discuss and address global taxation matters. 

Project steering committees

For key strategic projects, steering committees are established to oversee successful execution.

Technical committees 

The technical committees focus on global technical alignment, performance and efficiency measurement as well as new 
product development. 

Group Risk Management Committee

The committee is known as the group risk management team (GRMT) and is mandated by the board to establish, coordinate 
and drive the risk management process throughout Sappi. It has established a risk management system to identify and 
manage significant risks. The GRMT reports regularly on risks to the Audit and Risk Committee and the board. Risk 
management software is used to support the risk management process. 

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Control and Assurance Committee

The Control and Assurance Committee (CAC) is supported by the internal control function and provides regular oversight 
and guidance to the business on internal controls and combined assurance for financial, strategic and operational risks. 
The committee is accountable to GRMT and the Audit and Risk Committee. 

Among other duties, the committee provided oversight for the activities of control and assurance workgroups (CAW) 
established to review key risks, identified risk mitigations and controls, assurance provision and identification of any gaps 
and subsequent remediation activities. The working group focused on IT security risks, fibre certification risk, corporate 
communications risks as well as our periodic review and streamlining of the group’s risk and control framework, which is the 
foundation for Sappi’s first line of defence and assurance. In 2020, the CAW will assist the CAC to create and protect value 
by undertaking reviews of combined assurance, risks and controls relating to retirement benefits, 
taxation, safety, and environmental sustainability. 

IT Steering Committee

The IT Steering Committee promotes IT governance throughout the group and is the highest authority responsible for this 
aspect of Sappi’s business, apart from the board. The committee has a charter approved by the Audit and Risk Committee 
and the board. An IT governance framework has been developed and IT feedback reports are presented to the Audit and 
Risk Committee and the board. Sappi IT has implemented a standardised approach to IT risk management through a 
group-wide risk framework supported by risk management software. The committee has helped to create value 
for shareholders in 2019 by its oversight of:
 • The integration of SAP systems of operating units in Italy into Sappi’s SAP environment  
 • Coordination with group internal audit of reviews of IT security arrangements for specific service providers who 

experienced or may have been at risk of cyber-security attacks

 • The implementation of COBIT 2019.

Oversight by the committee will continue in 2020 for these IT initiatives, as well as: 
 • The integration of SAP systems of the recently acquired Matane Mill in Canada, into Sappi’s SAP environment 
 • The implementation of reviews of IT security arrangements for key suppliers. 

Global Business Systems Council 

This council meets monthly to provide direction for strategic business improvement projects, in particular, 
harmonisation, One Sappi and effective use of resources.

Sustainability Council 

This council provides direction for Sappi’s efforts to achieve its sustainable value creation objectives.

Brand Council 

This council coordinates Sappi’s brand communication programme, monitors brand performance and ensures 
effective brand management to enhance Sappi’s reputation.

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GOVERNANCE continued

Ensuring leadership through ethics and integrity
Sappi is committed to doing business the right way. Trust is created by operating from a commonly accepted set of values, 
enhancing and protecting our reputation. We require our directors and employees to act with integrity, to be courageous, 
to make smart decisions and to execute with speed, in all transactions and in their dealings with all business partners and 
stakeholders.

CODE OF 
ETHICS

Our values underpin the group’s 
Code of Ethics and commit 

the group and its employees 
to sound business practices 
and compliance with 
applicable legislation, which 
help to promote legitimacy. 

Actions are taken against 
employees who do not abide 

by the spirit and provisions of 

our code. 

Online Code of Ethics, anti-bribery and 

corruption training as well as social media training has been 
provided to employees across the group over the past three 
years.

A Group Supplier Code of Conduct (code) has been 
developed to help ensure that Sappi’s values and ethical 
standards are clearly understood and supported by all our 
suppliers, their first-tier suppliers and other stakeholders. 

See Code of Ethics on 
www.sappi.com/code-of-ethics.

The programme is designed to 
increase awareness of, and 
enhance compliance with, 
applicable legislation. The 
group compliance officer 
reports twice per annum 
to the Audit and Risk 
Committee. 

LEGAL 
COMPLIANCE 
PROGRAMME

Sappi enhanced the legal 
compliance programme in 2019 
by progressing implementation of 
Exclaim legal compliance software for 
Sappi group functions and Sappi Southern Africa. In addition, 
online training has been provided to employees across the 
group on relevant core legal compliance topics. 

We intend to expand the use of Exclaim software in support 
of our legal compliance responsibilities in 2020. We have 
implemented a policy passport tool to support our legal 
compliance efforts. The introduction of these software tools 
and related training and online learning is helping to create 
and protect value primarily for employees, customers, 
shareholders and regulators. 

CONFLICT OF 
INTERESTS

The group has a policy that 
obliges all employees to 
disclose any interest in 
contracts or business 
dealings with Sappi to 
assess any possible 
conflict of interest. The 
policy also dictates that 
directors and senior officers 

of the group must disclose 
any interest in contracts as well 

The company has a code 
of conduct for dealing in 
company securities and 
follows the JSE Limited 
Listings Requirements 
in this regard. 

See Code of Ethics 
(Insider trading) at  
www.sappi.com/
code-of-ethics. 

INSIDER 
TRADING

as other appointments to assess 
any conflict of interest that may affect 

their fiduciary duties. 

During the year under review, apart from that disclosed in the 
financial statements, none of the directors had a significant 
interest, in any material contract or arrangement entered into 
by the company or its subsidiaries.

See Code of Ethics (Preventing fraud and corruption) on 
www.sappi.com/code-of-ethics.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reporting on compliance and ethics concerns
Sappi employees and stakeholders can report any potential illegal or non-compliant behaviour they observe directly to 
(senior) management, internal audit or legal counsel, or alternatively, report anonymously via telephone or an online form. 
Whistle-blower hotlines have been implemented in all the regions in which the group operates. The hotline service, 
operated by independent service providers, enables all stakeholders to anonymously report environmental, safety, ethics, 
accounting, auditing, control issues or other concerns. Retaliation against whistle-blowers is not tolerated. The follow-up 
on all reported matters is coordinated either by legal counsel or internal audit and reported to the Audit and Risk 
Committee. The majority of calls and ethics reports received related to the Southern African region. Please refer to 
the whistle-blower hotline and ethics report graphs for information on the number of hotline calls per 1,000 employees, 
categories of hotline calls and ethics reports, and outcome of investigations. The hotline report rates, categories of reports 
and outcomes of cases broadly align with international whistle-blower benchmark data. See Code of Ethics (Reporting 
and whistle-blowing) on www.sappi.com/code-of-ethics.

Hotline report rate per 1,000
employees per annum

Analysis of hotline and ethics reports by 
category (%)

Analysis of hotline and ethics reports case 
outcomes (%)

8
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3

5
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3

1
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3

3
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3

2
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4

5

4

3

2

1

0

5

5

0
1

3
1

5
1

3
5

4
5

6
5

2
4

1
4

4
3

9
3

8
4

2
4

3
4

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

3

6

5
5

3

6

5
5

6
3

6
3

2

6

4
4

8
4

0

7

5
4

8
4

2

7

1
6

0
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100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

■ Corruption, fraud and theft
■ Employment-related matters
■ Environment, health, and safety

(cid:81) Cleared, no action or unresolved

(cid:81) Disciplined, counselled or other management 

action

(cid:81) Termination

(cid:81) Criminal charges

Financial statements
The directors are responsible for 
overseeing the preparation and final 
approval of the group annual financial 
statements, in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting 
Standards issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board.

The group’s results are reviewed prior 
to submission to the board, as follows:
 • All quarterly results – by the 

Disclosure Committee as well as 
the Audit and Risk Committee

 • Interim and final results – by external 

audit. 

Risk, controls and assurance 
at Sappi
Risks facing the group are identified, 
evaluated and managed by 
implementing risk mitigations, such as 
insurance, strategic actions or specific 
internal controls. Sappi maintains a 
robust framework of risks and controls 
which assists in the application of the 
King IV guidelines and the achievement 

of governance outcomes by helping to: 
create an ethical culture; establishing 
effective control; and promoting 
legitimacy, all of which help Sappi to 
and its stakeholders to benefit from 
good performance. The framework 
includes controls addressing our 
material matters, by focusing on the 
main drivers of Sappi and comprises 
both financial and non-financial 
controls, which support the 
achievement of our strategy, within 
our risk appetite and tolerance levels, 
across the economic, social and 
environmental context in which the 
organisation operates as well as each 
of the six capitals set out in the IIRC’s 
model. More information on these 
capitals and integrated thinking in the 
context of Sappi’s sustainable business 
model can be found in Our Strategy 
and performance, as well as Our global 
sustainability goals. 

The group’s internal controls and 
systems are designed in accordance 
with the COSO control framework to 
support the achievement of the group’s 

objectives including strategic, 
operational and financial performance 
goals, effective and efficient use of 
resources, safeguarding assets against 
material loss, integrity and reliability of 
internal and external financial and 
non-financial reporting, and compliance 
with applicable laws and regulations. 

Sappi operates a combined assurance 
framework, which aims to optimise the 
assurance coverage obtained from 
management, internal assurance 
providers and external assurance 
providers, on the risk areas affecting 
the group. 

During 2019 we further developed our 
approach to combined assurance 
which was overseen by the Control 
and Assurance Committee (CAC). 
The committee and its workgroups 
provided more holistic feedback to the 
GRMT and Audit and Risk Committee 
on the state of controls quality as well 
as coverage of assurance from various 
assurance providers across Sappi’s 
three lines of defence. 

119

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120

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CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE continued

Sappi’s combined assurance framework, incorporating the three lines of defence and oversight by the board 
and board committees

Risk areas and value 
drivers, capitals

Governance, risk, and 
controls – general (core 
business cycles)

Strategy and vision, 
competition and markets, 
socio-political

Financial, tax and treasury

First line of defence

Second line of defence

Third line of defence

Business management 
operations supported by 
appropriate controls and 
systems

Monitoring and oversight 
functions

Independent assurance 
provided by external audit, 
internal audit and other 
assurance providers

Control and Assurance Committee 
management self-assessments

Internal audit

Executive Committee, Group Head 
Strategy, Control and Assurance 
Committee, management 
self-assessments

Internal audit

Oversight by 
the board

Board and 
board 
committees

Audit and Risk 
Committee

Nomination and 
Governance 
Committee

Control and assurance, accounting 
standards, taxation, treasury and 
disclosure committees, management 
self-assessments

KPMG, tax authorities, 
internal audit

Audit and Risk 
Committee

Legal and compliance

Legal compliance programme, Group 
Compliance Manager

Legal compliance audits, 
internal audit

IT

Day-to-day risk management 
activity

Established risk and control 
environment

IT Steering Committee, group IT 
governance functions, management 
self-assessments

KPMG, ISA 3402s, 
penetration testing, internal 
audit

Audit and Risk, 
SETS, HR and 
Compensation 
Committees

Audit and Risk 
Committee

Planet, environment, 
natural capital

Executive, corporate and 
regional lead teams

Sustainability councils, Environmental 
and Energy (E4) Global Cluster, GRMT

ISO 14001, FSC™, PEFC™, 
EMAS, KPMG

SETS Committee

Corporate and regional business 
functions, eg sales, finance, IT, 
HR, purchasing

Government reviews 
emissions effluent etc, 
internal audit

Ethics

People, HR and 
transformation

Business units, eg forestry, mills, 
sales offices

Group Compliance Manager, 
ethics surveys, management 
self-assessments

Internal audit

SETS Committee

Business unit operations, 
eg production, engineering, 
controlling, materials 
management

Global HR Committee, regional 
labour forums, employee engagement 
surveys, management 
self-assessments

BBBEE audits, internal audit

Audit and Risk, 
SETS, HR and 
Compensation 
Committees

Research and 
development, intellectual 
property

Manufacturing, supply 
chain management, quality, 
forestry

Stakeholders, 
communication, reputation, 
society

Safety

Group technical cluster, management 
self-assessments

ISO 17025, internal audit

SETS Committee

Technical clusters and platforms, 
regional SHEQ audits, supplier audits, 
management self-assessments

ISO 9001, ISO 50001, FSCTM 
PEFCTM, Matrix, internal audit

SETS Committee

Group corporate affairs, sustainability 
and investor relations functions

Internal audit

SETS Committee

Group and regional risk management 
teams, safety audits

OHSAS 18000, ISO 22000 
regulatory inspections, 
internal audit

SETS Committee

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A key element of combined assurance 
at Sappi is derived from the annual 
control self-assessments completed by 
control owners, which helps to protect 
value for stakeholders by providing 
management and the board with 
assurance on the state of controls 
throughout the group. Control gaps 
identified through this process are 
recorded and remediation progress is 
monitored by management, relevant 
committees, auditors and the board. 

The Audit and Risk Committee advises 
the board on the state of risk 
management and controls, as well as 
assurance, in Sappi’s operating 
environment. This information is used 
as the basis for the board’s review, 
sign-off and reporting to stakeholders, 
via the Annual Integrated Report and 
annual financial statements, on risk 
management and the effectiveness 

of internal controls and assurance in 
Sappi.

As part of combined assurance on 
reported information, Sappi has 
obtained assurance on data in the 
Annual Integrated Report from the 
following sources: 
 • KPMG have audited the Group 
Annual Financial Statements

 • External sustainability assurance was 
obtained from KPMG in 2019 for 
scope 1 and 2 emissions information 
as well as specific safety information
 • Specific Planet (environment) related 
processes are subject to review by 
third parties during the year. Certain 
local environmental and safety 
reporting is subject to audit by local 
regulators

 • Limited reviews of sustainability 

information have been undertaken by 
central technical management and 
internal audit. 

The role of internal audit at Sappi is set out in the following diagram:
Internal audit value proposition

Mission, vision, values

Stakeholders

• Board, Audit and Risk Committee
• Management
• Employees
• Other

Strategy

Objectives

People, Planet and Prosperity
• Strategic
• Operational 
• Compliance
• Reporting

Internal audit
The group has an effective risk based 
internal audit department which is 
suitably resourced. It has a specific 
charter from the Audit and Risk 
Committee and independently 
appraises the adequacy and 
effectiveness of the group’s 
governance, risk management, 
systems, internal controls and 
accounting records. Internal audit 
coordinates combined assurance 
and reports the findings to local and 
divisional management, the external 
auditors as well as the Audit and Risk 
Committee. 

The head of internal audit reports to the 
Audit and Risk Committee, meets with 
board members, has direct access to 
executive management and is invited 
to attend certain management 
meetings. The role of internal audit 
at Sappi is set out below:

Performance and outcomes

Capitals

• Manufactured 
• Financial   
• Human 

• Natural
• Societal
• Intellectual

Governance, risk and opportunity management, controls

Support

Internal audit activities

Support

Advisory and assistance
•  Forensic, hotline and ethics management
•  Projects, new business processes
•  Ad hoc management requests
•  Governance, risk, controls consulting
•  King IV, governance disclosures
•  Secondments to business
•  Internal control support (risk and control framework,  
self-assessments, segregation of duties, workgroups)

Assurance (risk based)
•  Financial processes and systems
•  Business processes and systems
•  Operational and strategic risks
•  IT (value, GCC, security, operations)
•  Ethics, risks, legal compliance
•  Sustainability data
•  Combined assurance
•  Annual opinion

Core  
principles

Integrity

Quality and 
continuous 
improvement

Competence and  
due professional  
care

Objective and 
independent

Effective 
communication

Risk based  
assurance

Aligned with 
strategies, risks  
and objectives

Insightful,  
future-focused and 
proactive

Appropriately 
positioned and 
resourced

Promotes 
organisational 
improvement

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CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE continued

During 2019, apart from the ongoing 
focus on financial controls, which 
includes supporting Sappi’s strategy 
to maintain a healthy balance sheet, 
internal audit helped to create and 
protect value by completing reviews 
in support of the following strategic 
objectives:

•  Achieve cost advantages: 

advisory services to the global 
business systems projects 
(requisition to pay, sales order 
to cash, shared service centre 
optimisation)

•  Rationalising declining 

businesses: project 
management reviews for 
business optimisation projects.

•  Accelerate growth in higher 
margin growth segments: 
Integration and control 
onboarding reviews of 
operating units in the United 
Kingdom and Italy. Assurance 
reviews of contractors and 
capital expenditure for the 
Vulindlela project at Sappi’s 
Saiccor Mill in South Africa.

In 2020, internal audit will continue 
to create and protect value for 
shareholders, management, several 
management committees, as well 
as the Audit and Risk Committee by: 
 • Undertaking further advisory or 

assurance assignments for strategic 
projects

 • Developing our agile approach to 
establishing the audit plan and to 
streamline our way of working; and 
spearheading Sappi’s enhanced 
focus on combined assurance by 
playing a leading role in coordinating 
the efforts of Combined Assurance 
Workgroup (CAW) which will 
address key group risks, provision 
of assurance and identification of 
gaps, with feedback to the Control 
and Assurance Committee (CAC), 

GRMT and Audit and Risk 
Committee

•  Continuing with capital 

expenditure and contractor 
reviews for the Vulindlela 
project in Sappi 
Southern Africa

•  Integration and control 

onboarding reviews of the 
acquired Matane Mill in 
Canada.

Internal audit maintains an internal 
quality assurance programme. An 
external quality assurance review is 
undertaken periodically. The last review 
was in 2015, conducted by the Institute 
of Internal Auditors (IIA). A generally 
conforms rating was received, which 
is the highest of the three levels of 
conformance to the IIA’s standards. 
The 2019 internal quality assurance 
review highlighted a need for more 
regular review of our audit strategy 
and assessment of risks. This will 
be addressed in 2020. 

Board assessment of the 
company’s risk management, 
compliance function and 
(cid:76)(cid:584)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)
controls and combined 
assurance
The board is responsible for the group’s 
systems of internal financial and 
operational control. As part of an 
ongoing comprehensive evaluation 
process, control self-assessments, 
independent reviews by internal audit, 
external audit and other assurance 
providers were undertaken across 
the group to test the effectiveness 
of various elements of financial, 
disclosure and other internal controls 
as well as procedures and systems. 
Identified areas of improvement are 
being addressed to strengthen the 
group’s controls further. The board has 
assessed the combined assurance 

provided in 2019. The results of the 
reviews did not indicate any material 
breakdown in the functioning of these 
controls, procedures and systems 
during the year. The internal controls in 
place, including the financial controls 
and financial control environment, are 
considered to be effective and provide 
a sound basis for the preparation of 
the Group Annual Financial Statements, 
Annual Integrated Report and other 
reports used internally for management 
decision making. 

Company Secretary
The Company Secretary 
does not fulfil executive 
management functions 
outside of the duties of 
company secretary and is 
not a director. During the year, 
the board has assessed the 
independence, competence, 
qualifications and experience 
of the company secretary 
and has concluded that she 
is sufficiently independent 
(ie maintained an arm’s 
length relationship with the 
executive team, the board 
and individual directors), 
qualified, competent and 
experienced to hold this 
position. The company 
secretary is responsible for 
the duties set out in section 
88 of the Companies Act 71 
of 2008 (as amended) of 
South Africa. Specific 
responsibilities include 
providing guidance to 
directors on discharging their 
duties in the best interests of 
the group, informing directors 
of new laws affecting the 
group, as well as arranging for 
the induction of new directors. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REMUNERATION
REPORT

This Remuneration Report details the 
company’s compensation policy for executive 
directors, executive committee members and 
non-executive directors.

The information provided in the report has 
been approved by the board as per 
recommendation by the Human Resources 
and Compensation Committee.

The report is split into three sections: 
section A details our remuneration 
background statement disclosures, section B 
gives an overview of our remuneration policy 
and section C addresses implementation 
of the remuneration policy in 2019.

Section A: Remuneration 
background statement 
disclosures 
I am pleased to present the 
committee’s report on remuneration. 
Our report and disclosures fully comply 
with regulatory and statutory provisions 
relating to remuneration governance in 
all the countries in which we operate. 
This report is aligned to the principles 
and recommended practices of the 
King IV Report on Corporate 
Governance of South Africa (King IV) 
and as part of our commitment to good 
corporate governance.

Sappi Limited’s AGM was held on 
06 February 2019 and ordinary 
resolutions endorsing the remuneration 
policy and implementation reports were 
passed with 95.94% and 93.43% 
majorities, respectively. This vote by 
our shareholders is an endorsement 
of Sappi’s good governance and 
disclosure. 

Following positive feedback and 
support from our shareholders, we 
have further improved the following 
in the 2019 report: 
 • Disclosed reasons why Performance 
Share Plan (PSP) allocations were 
being adjusted up or down
 • Disclosed executive directors’ 

key objectives 

 • Included working capital in the 

calculation of the cash flow return 
on net assets (CFRONA)

 • Adjusted limits of the PSP in line 

with shareholder recommendation 
of 5% of issued share capital 
See resolutions on page 
 • Disclosed that the terms and 

 155.

conditions of the annual incentive 
scheme for executive directors and 
executive committee members also 
affords the company the right to 
seek redress and recoup from an 
individual where for any reason the 
board determines within a 12-month 
period of such payment.

We value the input of our shareholders 
and will continue to seek their input to 
ensure good disclosure.

As detailed in the Chairman and CEO’s 
report, in the year ended September 
2019 a number of major factors 
influenced the group’s results, namely: 
 • Prolonged weakness in global 
graphic paper markets was 
experienced

 • In the second half of the year, the 
graphic paper segment started to 
benefit from a reduction in input 
costs, particularly paper pulp, helping 
to mitigate the impact of lower 
volumes

 • The year started strongly for 
dissolving wood pulp (DWP) 
markets, with pricing above long-
term averages for the first six 
months. Thereafter, the combination 
of the impact from global trade wars 
on Chinese textile markets, excess 
viscose staple fibre (VSF) capacity 
and a weaker Renminbi exchange 
rate drove DWP prices to historical 
lows, impacting profitability in this 
segment

123

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

 • To mitigate the impact from lower 

profitability, capital expenditure was 
postponed and reduced. Tighter 
working capital measures were also 
implemented.

During the year, Sappi made further 
strides towards diversifying its 
product portfolio into higher-margin 
growth segments. This involved plant 
conversions to increase our packaging 
capacity in Sappi North America (SNA) 
and Sappi Europe (SEU), and in Sappi 
Southern Africa (SSA) to debottleneck 
and to improve our DWP plants, for 
both capacity and sustainability 
footprint. These projects removed 
production capacity from our 
operations during the conversion and 
subsequent ramp-up periods which 
had an impact on short-term EBITDA. 
In the year ahead we will continue the 
project to boost DWP capacity by 
110,000 tons at Saiccor Mill in South 
Africa. Following the recent conversions 
at Somerset, Maastricht and Lanaken, 
the product portfolio will be further 
optimised with a significant increase in 
packaging volumes. 

The remuneration policy and its 
implementation aims where possible 
to balance short-term market 
conditions with the need to incentivise 
management to continue to drive 
performance and implement the 
long-term strategy.

Two resolutions will be put forward to 
shareholders at the AGM in February 
2020 to reset the number of shares 
under the plan (Performance Share 
Plan). Our existing number of shares 
under the plan and the scheme have 
been in place for 14 years and the 
board was prudent in the allocation of 
the shares over this time. This allowed 
for an effective annual burn rate of just 
under 1%. However, these shares are 
almost fully utilised. During the year we 
engaged with and received the input 
from large shareholders before finalising 
the resolutions.

For 2020, the focus for Mr Binnie and 
his leadership team will be as follows: 
 • Drive the Safety-first programme
 • Continue leading the Sappi Values 
(of integrity, speed, courage and 
Smart decision making)

 • Lead the roll out of the Sappi 2025 

strategy

 • Execute Saiccor expansion projects 
as planned and guide the DWP 
business through challenging times
 • Grow the packaging and speciality 
business with optimal volumes
 • Manage the graphics business 

capacity 

 • Drive operational excellence across 

all plants 

 • Integrate Matane Mill into the Sappi 

environment 

 • Ongoing training and development 

of people 

 • Drive Sappi’s sustainability footprint 
 • Work to ensure the short-term 
incentive plan is mindful of 
challenging trading conditions and 
to gain optimum performance in 
FY20 results

 • Show significant progress on 

commercialisation of new biotech 
products 

 • Talent management and succession 
– managing key retirements over the 
next 12 months and near-term 
succession.

Our remuneration policy is continuously 
benchmarked against relevant industry 
peers to ensure it motivates our senior 
team to achieve the group’s objectives 
and deliver sustained returns and value 
creation for our stakeholders. The 
committee also believes that the 
remuneration of executives in 2019 
reflects our challenges and successes 
to date in the delivery of our strategy. 
Thank you for the support and advice 
that you have given for our 2019 
Remuneration Report. The improved 
disclosures on our policy and the 
implementation report reflect this 
feedback. I look forward to continuing 
engaging with you in future.

 • Drive One Sappi initiatives across 

Mike Fallon

all regions

Chairman of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee

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Statement of voting at AGM
The AGM of Sappi Limited was held on 06 February 2019 and the requisite resolutions endorsing the remuneration policy 
and implementation report were passed as follows: 

Ordinary resolution number 7: Non-binding endorsement of remuneration policy 

For

401,173,338

95.94%

Against

Shares voted

Abstain

16,971,270

418,144,608

4.06%

74.75%
(voteable shares)

287,954 
(0.05%)

Ordinary resolution number 8: Non-binding endorsement of implementation report

For

388,806,540

93.43%

Against

Shares voted

Abstain

27,338,144

416,144,684

6.57%

74.39%
(voteable shares)

287,878 
(0.05%)

At the February 2018 AGM, results 
for the requisite ordinary resolutions 
endorsing the remuneration policy 
and implementation report were 
99.43% and 92.14% respectively. 

Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee
The purpose of the committee is to 
oversee remuneration matters for 
all controlled subsidiaries of Sappi 
Limited. Its key objectives include:
 • Make recommendations on 

remuneration policies and practices, 
including Sappi’s employee share 
schemes

 • Ensure effective executive 

succession planning

 • Review compliance with all statutory 
and best practice requirements on 
labour and industrial relations 
management.

At the end of the year, the committee 
consisted of five independent non-
executive directors:
 • Mr MA Fallon – Chairman
 • Mr B Beamish
 • Mr NP Mageza
 • Mr JD McKenzie
 • Mr RJ Renders

The Chairman of the company, 
Sir Nigel Rudd, attends committee 
meetings ex officio while the Group 
CEO, Mr SR Binnie and Group Head 
Human Resources, Mr Fergus Marupen 
attend meetings by invitation. 
Mr JD McKenzie retires at the end 
of December 2019.

Mrs A Mahendranath, Company 
Secretary, attends the meeting as 
secretary to the committee.

The Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee met four 
times during the year and held one 
telephone conference.

Attendance at meetings by individual 
members is detailed on page 
 109.

None of the committee members 
has any significant personal financial 
interest, or conflict of interest, or 
any form of cross directorship, or 
day-to-day involvement in running 
the business.

Executive directors and managers 
are not present during committee 
discussions relating to their own 
compensation.

The committee ensures that 
compensation practices and structures 
in the group support its strategy and 
performance goals. The policy also 
enables the attraction, retention and 
motivation of executives and all 
employees.

Key activities of the committee in 2019 
are summarised as follows:
 • Reviewed and approved the vesting, 
or otherwise, of performance share 
plan awards awarded on 
04 December 2015

 • Approved winding up of the Sefate 
employee empowerment scheme 
for South Africa

 • Approved allocation of 2019 
performance share awards to 
executive directors and all other 
eligible participants

 • Reviewed and approved salary 

increases and bonus payments for 
executive directors and other key 
senior managers for 2020
 • Recommended fee levels for 

non-executive directors of Sappi 
Limited for consideration and 
recommendation to shareholders 
for approval

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

 • Approved the allocation model and 
comparator peer group for the 2019 
performance share plan

 • Reviewed the Remuneration Report, 
including the content of the company 
compensation policy and practices, 
which was put to shareholders 
for a non-binding vote at the AGM 
in February 2019

 • Approved the 2020 Management 

Incentive Scheme rules and reviewed 
the Share Incentive Plan rules, 
including changes to the 
Performance Share Plan

 • Reviewed the share limits of the PSP 
and recommended two resolutions 
to the AGM

 • Reviewed succession, retirement 
and development plans for key 
management positions

 • Reviewed the group’s Industrial 

Relations Policy and implementation

 • Reviewed the group’s training and 

development policy and 
implementation

 • Sought advice on the implementation 
of a return measure, ROCE, as part 
of future incentive plans.

Independent advice
Management engaged the services 
from the following organisations to 
assist in compensation work during 
the year:
 • Mercer Kepler, United Kingdom
 • Korn Ferry, South Africa
 • KPMG Inc, South Africa
 • Bowmans, South Africa
 • PricewaterhouseCoopers Tax 

Services, South Africa.

Compliance statement
The Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee is 
committed to maintaining high 
standards of corporate governance 
and supports and applies the principles 
of good governance advocated by 
King IV. Our remuneration approach 
and disclosures fully comply with 
regulatory and statutory provisions 
relating to reward governance in all the 
countries in which we operate. The 
committee ensures compliance with 
legal and regulatory requirements as 
they pertain to compensation. 

The committee believes the objectives 
stated in the remuneration policy 
have been achieved for the period 
under review. The committee is 
satisfied it has fulfilled its responsibilities 
in accordance with its terms of 
reference and with the status of 
remuneration and incentives in the 
group. 

Areas of focus for 2020 
Key activities for the committee in 
2020 will include the approval of 
the remuneration and bonuses for 
executive directors and senior 
management. 

In addition to the annual work plan 
as approved by the committee, the 
chairman of the committee and senior 
executives from Sappi will, if required, 
visit key shareholders to discuss issues 
of mutual concern. The committee will 
also consider options available for a 
future Sappi empowerment scheme to 
replace the Sefate scheme that vested 
in August 2019.

Section B: Overview of 
the remuneration policy 

Compensation strategy and 
policy
Our compensation packages:
 • Are designed to attract, retain and 

motivate executives and all 
employees to deliver on performance 
goals and strategy

 • Are simple, transparent and aligned 
with the interests of shareholders
 • Reflect the views of our investors, 

shareholder bodies and stakeholders
 • Are structured in a way that superior 
rewards are only paid for exceptional 
performance and that poor 
performance does not earn an 
incentive award

 • Encourage behaviour consistent 
with the group’s risk and reward 
philosophy

 • Have an appropriate and balanced 
reward mix for executive directors 
and other executive managers based 
on base pay; benefits and short and 
long-term incentives within the 
context of the industry sector

 • Are applied consistently across the 
group to promote alignment and 
fairness

 • Through the executive management 
incentive bonus scheme, provide for 
a voluntary deferral of 40% of the 
CEO’s annual bonus, and 30% of 
executive managers’ annual bonuses 
(to purchase Sappi shares), as this 
ensures a long-term focus on the 
company’s performance by the 
individual concerned and establishes 
a personal stake in the company.

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Summary of reward components of executive directors and other members of the Group 
Executive Committee
The compensation of executive directors and other executive committee members comprises fixed and variable 
components.

Purpose

Fixed

Component – base salary

 • To reflect market value of 
the role, individuals’ skills, 
contribution, experience 
and performance
 • To attract and retain 

key talent.

Component – benefits

 • To provide protection 

and market-competitive 
benefits to aid 
recruitment and retention.

Structure

Opportunity

 • Paid monthly in cash
 • Reviewed annually with any increases to be 

effective from 01 January each year

 • Base salary reviews take into account prevailing 
market practices, economic conditions and the 
levels of base salary increase mandates provided 
to the general employee population.

 • Increases are applied in line 

with outcomes of performance 
discussions with the individuals 
concerned and market 
conditions.

 • Private medical insurance
 • Income in the event of death or disability
These are:
 • Appropriate in terms of level of seniority
 • Market related
 • Death benefit is a multiple of base salary
 • Non-pensionable.

 • None

Component – pension

 • To provide market-related 

 • Comprises defined benefit and defined 

benefits

 • Facilitate accumulation 
of savings for post-
retirement years.

contribution plans

 • A large number of defined benefit plans are 

closed to new hires

 • Employees in legacy defined benefit plans 
continue to accrue benefits in such plans 
for both past and future service
 • Retirement plans differ by region.

 • Executive members of defined 
contribution plans receive a 
company contribution of up to 
18.47% of salary

 • Executive members of defined 
benefit plans receive company 
contributions of up to 31.24% 
of salary. This applies to only 
one executive committee 
member. The contribution varies 
based on the actuarial valuation 
of the reserves of the relevant 
schemes.

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

Purpose

Variable

Component – annual cash incentive

Structure

Opportunity

 • All measures and objectives are reviewed 

 • The maximum bonus for 

executive directors is 116% 
of base salary

 • Executive committee members 
and other senior managers may 
earn a maximum bonus of up 
to 95% of base salary

 • The number of shares arising 
from the deferred Executive 
Management Incentive Scheme – 
will be increased by 20% of the 
original number of shares 
purchased, provided the 
employee holds all the shares 
for a period of three years.

 • None

 • Focus participants on 
targets relevant to the 
group’s strategic goals

 • Drive performance
 • Motivate executives to 
achieve specific and 
stretching short-term 
goals

 • Reward individuals 
for their personal 
contribution and 
performance

and set at the beginning of the financial year.

 • Payments are reviewed and approved at year-end 
by the committee based on performance against 
targets

 • Threshold must be met for any bonus payment 

to occur

 • Target level of bonuses varies from 65% to 85% 

of base salary

 • Weightings for 2019 were: EBITDA – 50%, 
working capital – 20% and safety – 10%, 
individual – 20%

 • Deferred share proportion 

 • Bonuses are paid in cash. The Group CEO and 

of the annual bonus 
aligns interests with 
shareholders.

executive committee members have volunteered 
to purchase shares with 40% and 30% of their 
after-tax cash bonus respectively. The right to 
sell the shares is deferred for up to three years, 
subject to individual members not being 
terminated for cause

 • Non-pensionable.

Component – long-term share incentive plans

 • Align the interests of 

executive members with 
those of the shareholder

 • Reward execution of 

strategy and long-term 
outperformance of our 
competitors

 • Encourage long-term 
commitment to the 
company

 • Is a wealth-creation 

mechanism for executive 
members if the company 
outperforms the peer 
group.

 • Conditional grants awarded annually to executive 
directors, executive committee members and 
other key senior managers of the company

 • Straight-line vesting after four years
 • Performance is measured relative to a peer group 

of 16 other industry-related companies

 • The number of conditional shares allocated varies 
from 142,000 conditional share awards to the 
CEO, and between 39,000 and 79,000 
conditional share awards to each executive 
committee member

 • Measures for 2019 awards were relative total 
shareholder return (TSR) – 50% and relative 
cash flow return on net assets (CFRONA) – 50%.

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Purpose

Variable continued

Structure

Opportunity

Component – broad-based black economic empowerment

 • Provide black managers 
with the opportunity to 
acquire equity in the 
company

 • Attract, motivate and 
retain black managers.

 • Established to meet the requirements of the 

Forestry Sector Charter BBBEE codes

 • Eligible employees receive an allocation based 

on seniority of A ordinary shares

 • Shares vest 40% after three years and 10% each 

year thereafter

 • Shares can only be taken up after September 

2019

 • Managers receive the net value in shares or 

cash at the end of the lock-in period.

Component – service contracts

 • Provide an appropriate 

 • Executive committee members have notice 

level of protection to both 
the executive and to 
Sappi.

periods of 12 months or less

 • Separation agreements, when appropriate, are 
negotiated with the individual concerned with 
prior approval being obtained in terms of our 
governance structures.

 • In terms of the rules of the 
scheme, A units for both 
schemes lapsed as the 
threshold of R73.50 was not 
achieved. B units delivered 
value for participants. The 
board approved an ex gratia 
payment, in lieu of all units that 
lapsed under the scheme of 
approximately US$1 million. 
This was distributed to current 
permanent Sappi employees. 
Value to each participant was 
determined based on the 
number of A units they hold.

 • In circumstances where there 
is a significant likelihood of a 
transaction involving the Sappi 
group or a business unit, limited 
change in control protections 
may be agreed and 
implemented if deemed 
necessary for retention 
purposes.

Service contracts
Messrs Binnie and Pearce have an ongoing employment contract which requires six months’ notice of termination by the 
employee and 12 months’ notice of termination by the company.

Depending on their location, executive committee members have ongoing employment contracts which require between 
three to six months’ notice of termination by the employee and six to 12 months’ notice of termination by the company.

Other than in the case of termination for cause, the company may terminate the executive directors’ service contracts by 
making payment in lieu of notice equal to the value of the base salary plus benefits which they would have received during 
the notice period.

Executive directors are required to retire from the company at the age of 63. The retirement age of executive committee 
members is generally between 63 and 65 years, and differs by region.

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

Choice of performance measures and approach to target setting
Short-term incentive

The table below shows the metrics for 2019, why they were chosen and how targets are set.

Metric

Percentage (%)

Relevance

How do we set the targets?

EBITDA

50

A key indicator of the underlying profit 
performance of the group, reflecting both 
revenues and costs. Aligns closely with 
our strategic goals of achieving cost 
advantages and growth. More efficient 
water, energy and raw material usage 
is also encouraged.

Targets and ranges are set each 
year by the board taking account 
of required progress towards 
strategic goals, and the prevailing 
market conditions.

Working 
capital

20 

A key indicator of accounts payable, 
accounts receivable, cash management 
and stock levels.

Achieving optimum working capital levels 
in the business requires efficient use of 
resources throughout the supply chain and 
influences cash management, a key pillar 
of our strategy.

Targets and ranges are set each 
year by the board taking account 
of the required progress towards 
strategic goals, and the prevailing 
market conditions.

Safety

Individual 
performance

10

20

One of the key indicators of whether the 
business is meeting its sustainability goal 
of zero harm.

The committee considers input 
from the SETS Committee, and 
sets appropriate standards and 
goals.

An indicator of the contribution of each 
executive director. Individual performance 
includes several key non-financial targets 
for sustainability (environment, energy 
consumption, water usage and waste 
management), living the Sappi values, 
discipline in executing all projects and 
operating machines as efficiently 
as possible, BBBEE in the case of 
South Africa.

Priorities are set for the CEO by 
the Chairman of the board in line 
with the business plan for the 
applicable year. Targets and 
ranges are then cascaded to the 
rest of the business teams.

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Performance Share Plan (PSP)
The table below shows the metrics for 2019 grants, why they were chosen and how targets are set.

Metric

Relevance

How do we set the targets?

Total 
shareholder 
return (TSR)

Cash flow 
return on net 
assets

TSR measures the total returns to Sappi’s 
shareholders, so provides close alignment 
with shareholder interests.

A key indicator of the effective use of 
capital.

Cash flow return on net assets (CFRONA) 
is calculated as cash generated by 
operations after working capital 
movements (before interest, tax and 
dividends) divided by average total assets 
(excluding cash) less interest-free liabilities.

The committee sets the performance requirements 
for each grant. A peer group of packaging and 
paper sector companies is used. Nothing vests 
in positions 10 – 17 of the peer group. Vesting 
increases from 25% at position 9 to 100% for 
positions 1 – 5. 

The committee sets the performance requirements 
for each grant. A peer group of packaging and 
paper sector companies is used. Nothing vests 
in positions 10 – 17 of the peer group. Vesting 
increases from 25% at position 9 to 100% for 
positions 1 – 5.

Remuneration scenarios at 
(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:584)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:91)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:89)(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:90)
The chart below illustrate the total 
potential remuneration (base pay and 
short-term incentives) for executive 
directors at different performance 
levels. 

Remuneration levels (CEO and CFO)

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140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Target

Stretch

■ Base pay

■ Short-term incentive (MIS)

Performance Share Plans (PSPs) are 
excluded from these scenarios as their 
vesting depends on performance 
conditions being met. Vesting is based 

on a linear vesting schedule over a 
four-year period.

Statement of fair and 
responsible remuneration
The group’s compensation policy for 
the remuneration of executive directors 
and other senior executives is set 
taking appropriate account of 
remuneration and employment 
conditions of other employees in 
the group.

The committee annually receives a 
report from management on pay 
practices across the group, including 
salary levels and trends, collective 
bargaining outcomes and bonus 
participation. At the time that salary 
increases are considered, also the 
committee receives a report on the 
approach management proposes to 
adopt for general staff increases. Both 
these reports are taken into account in 
the committee’s decisions about the 
remuneration of executive directors 
and other senior executives.

In some countries where the group 
operates, more formal consultation 
arrangements with employee 
representatives are in place relating 

to employment terms and conditions, 
in accordance with local legislation and 
practice. The group also conducts 
employee engagement surveys every 
two years which gauge employees’ 
satisfaction with their working 
conditions. The Sappi board is given 
feedback on these survey results.

Approach to remuneration 
benchmarks
Executive compensation is 
benchmarked on data provided in 
national executive compensation 
surveys, for countries in which 
executives are domiciled, as well as 
information disclosed in the annual 
reports of listed companies of the 
JSE. Sappi participates in global 
remuneration surveys and uses data 
from global remuneration surveys 
ie PwC, Mercer, et al to determine 
appropriate remuneration levels. 

Ensuring an appropriate peer 
group to retain the integrity and 
appropriateness of the benchmark data 
is a key task of the Human Resources 
and Compensation Committee. 
Executive pay is benchmarked every 
alternate year.

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

The remuneration package for a newly appointed executive director would be set in accordance with the terms of the 
group’s approved remuneration policy in force at the time of appointment. The variable remuneration for a new executive 
director would be determined in the same way as for existing executive directors. For internal and external appointments, 
the group may meet certain relocation expenses, as appropriate.

Remuneration policy for non-executive directors (fees)

Element

Purpose

How it works?

Fees

Non-executive 
Chairman 
(fees)

 • To attract and retain 

high-calibre chairman, with 
the necessary experience 
and skills

 • To provide fees which 

take account of the time 
commitment and 
responsibilities of the role.

 • The Chairman receives an 

 • The Chairman’s fees are 

all-inclusive fee.

reviewed periodically by the 
committee

 • Fees are set by reference 
to market median data for 
companies of similar size 
and complexity to Sappi.

Other non-
executive 
directors 
(fees)

 • To attract and retain 

 • The non-executives are 

 • Non-executive directors’ 

high-calibre non-executives, 
with the necessary 
experience and skills

 • To provide fees which take 

account of the time 
commitment and 
responsibilities of the role.

fees are reviewed 
periodically by the Chairman 
and Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee
 • Fees are set by reference to 
market median data for 
companies of similar size 
and complexity to Sappi.

paid a basic fee.

 • Attendance fees are also 

paid to reflect the 
requirement for non-
executive directors to 
attend meetings in various 
international locations.
 • The chairmen of the main 
board committees and the 
lead independent director 
are paid additional fees 
to reflect their extra 
responsibilities.

Sappi may reimburse the reasonable 
expenses of board directors that 
relate to their duties on behalf of 
Sappi. Sappi may also provide advice 
and assistance with board directors’ 
tax returns where these are impacted 
by the duties they undertake on 
behalf of Sappi.

All non-executive directors have 
letters of appointment with Sappi 
Limited for an initial period of three 
years. In accordance with best 
practice, non-executive directors are 
subject to re-election at the AGM 
after the three-year period. 
Appointments may be terminated 
by Sappi with six months’ notice. 

No compensation is payable on 
termination, other than accrued fees 
and expenses.

Voting on remuneration
As required by King IV, Sappi’s 
remuneration policy and 
implementation report need to 
be tabled for separate non-binding 
advisory votes by shareholders at 
the upcoming AGM. In the event that 
either the remuneration policy or the 
implementation report, or both, are 
voted against by 25% or more of the 
voting rights entitled to be exercised 
by shareholders at such AGM, then 
the committee will ensure that the 

following measures are taken in good 
faith and with best reasonable efforts:
 • An engagement process to 
ascertain the reasons for the 
dissenting votes

 • Appropriately addressing legitimate 
and reasonable objections and 
concerns raised which may include 
amending the remuneration 
policy or clarifying or adjusting 
remuneration governance and/or 
processes. 

You can also view the full 
remuneration policy on 
www.sappi.com 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Section C: Remuneration 
implementation report

Compensation structure
Total compensation comprises fixed 
pay (ie base salary and benefits) and 
variable performance-related pay, 
which is divided further into short-term 
incentives with a one-year performance 
period and long-term incentives which 
have a four-year performance period.

Compensation mix
The compensation mix for executive 
directors and executive committee 
members is shown in the schematics 
below and alongside.

The long-term incentive awards are 
based on the face value of the 
performance plan shares issued in 
December 2019 (share price at date 
of allocation: ZAR80.60 November 
2018). Details of the executive 
directors’ remuneration can be found 
on page 

 138.

Executive directors (number of employees 
at September 2019 = 2) (%)

US$ million

2,877,296

%
9
2

%
5
3

%
7
3

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

1,954,349

%
8
4

%
2
5

2018

2019

■ Guaranteed package

■ Performance shares issued

■ Short-term incentives

Executive Committee (number of employees 
at 30 September 2019 = 7) (%)

US$ million

7.5

7,121,202

%
6
2

%
7
2

%
7
4

5,682,992

%
5

%
5
3

%
9
5

5.6

3.7

1.8

0

2018

2019

■ Guaranteed package

■ Performance shares issued

■ Short-term incentives

Our compensation policy aims to have 
a balance between base salary, short 
and long-term incentives. No short-
term bonuses were paid in 2019 to 
the majority of executive committee 
members.

Base salary
The Compensation Committee 
approved the level of base salary for 
each executive director, executive 
committee member and other key 
senior managers.

Increases are effective from 01 January 
each year. There are no automatic 
annual base salary adjustments.

The 2019 salary increases were based 
on individuals’ performances and 
contributions, internal relativities, 
inflation rates in the countries of 
operation, general market salary 
movement and overall affordability.

The same salary increase percentages 
were applied in determining the salaries 
for executive directors and executive 
committee members’ increases as 
was the mandate for general staff, 
dependent on location.

For 2019 Mr Binnie received a salary 
increase of 5% on the South African 
portion of his salary and 1.5% on the 
offshore portion. His salary with effect 
from 01 January 2019 was 
US$539,629 per annum.

Mr Pearce received a salary increase 
of 5% on the South African portion of 
his salary and 1.5% on the offshore 
portion. Mr Pearce’s salary with effect 
from 01 January 2019 was 
US$312,014 per annum. 

For the Executive Committee, two 
members were awarded a short-
term bonus.

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Retirement benefits are largely in the 
form of defined contribution schemes. 
In some instances, legacy defined 
benefit schemes exist. Almost all the 
defined benefit schemes are closed 
to new hires.

Mr Binnie and Mr Pearce are both 
members of defined contribution funds 
and the total employee and company 
contribution is ZAR350,000 each. 

No additional payments were made 
to any retirement fund on behalf of 
the executive directors.

Short-term incentive
Performance-related annual bonuses 
may be paid to executive directors and 
other executive and senior managers 
under the Management Incentive 
Scheme. The scheme is designed to 
incentivise the achievement of pre-
defined annual financial targets and 
personal objectives which are critical 
measures of business success.

For the 2019 financial year, the financial 
business performance criteria were: 
EBITDA (50%), working capital (20%) 
and safety (10%) – which accounted 
for 80% of the bonus calculation, with 
the remaining 20% being based on 
individual performance during the year.

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REMUNERATION
REPORT continued

The bonus payment opportunity available to executive directors and executive committee members is as follows:

On-target bonus

Stretch target

Executive director

85% of base salary

116% of base salary

Regional chief executive officer

70% of base salary

95% of base salary

Other prescribed officers (ie Executive 
Committee members)

65% of base salary

88.5% of base salary

A performance threshold of 85% of budgeted EBITDA for the group is required before any bonus can be paid to participants 
in the group scheme.

Furthermore, if a region does not achieve the 85% bonus threshold target, no bonus is paid to participants in the region 
irrespective of overall group performance. Only Sappi Southern African will be entitled to a bonus payment for fiscal 2019. 
They have met the 85% threshold on EBITDA.

The group’s performance for the 2019 financial year:

Performance criteria

Points

2019 actual achievement

EBITDA*

Working capital**

Safety***

Total

50

20

10

80

0

0

0

0

*  Budgeted EBITDA as less than the 85% threshold, hence zero.
**  Working capital needs to be at least 110% of target, 2019 was above at 112%, hence zero.
*** The group and regional safety performance improved, zero was allocated to the Executive Committee and applicable regions due to the tragic fatalities.

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Personal objectives of executives for 2019 Management Incentive Scheme
Key objectives and achievements

The executives share many key objectives and have individual objectives specific to their role, some examples are as follows:

Rationalising declining 
business

(cid:198) During 2018 Sappi continued to balance paper supply and demand. Capacity 
was reduced by conversions, carouselling opportunities. The graphic paper 
manufacturing capacity reduced by approximately 550,000 tons since 2014.

Converting paper machines to higher-margin businesses with the implementation 
of transformation programmes in Europe and North America. In total, 11 mills are 
now converted in the group to produce speciality and/or packaging paper.

Maintain healthy balance 
sheet

(cid:198) The focus was on strong cash generation, sale of non-core assets and debt 

reduction.

Accelerate growth in 
higher margin growth 
segments

The improved balance sheet enabled the investment in further pulp integration 
with the acquisition of the Matane Mill from Rayonier.

(cid:198) Expanding the packaging grades is an ongoing process. The Cham operations 

have been successfully integrated in the Sappi Europe business.

The specialised cellulose portfolio is also being enhanced by expansion at 
Ngodwana (completed), Saiccor (in progress) and Cloquet (completed).

The lignosulphonate business was expanded, but, commercialising biotech 
products are more challenging than expected.

Achieve cost advantages (cid:198) The optimisation of the business process continues to gain momentum with 
the establishment of global business centres and the Global Business Council.

IT centres of excellence were established, HR was unified into nine global 
processes and a brand council was created to focus on global marketing efforts. 

Through our cost-saving initiatives, pulp buying and the global freight programme, 
Sappi’s savings for 2019 exceeded US$80 million.

Energy and efficiency investments were made at several of the operations.

(cid:198) Developed the Sappi sustainability strategy. See more details on Sappi’s 
sustainability performance in our key material issues on page 
Annual Integrated Report.

 58 of the 

(cid:198) During this period, a new CEO for Sappi North America (SNA) was appointed from 
the SNA team. This is proof of the good succession planning process in place. 
CEO and Chairman of the board followed a rigorous process to appoint three new 
non-executive directors.

(cid:198) Sappi Southern Africa retained a level 2 rating after the independent Empowerdex 

audit in 2019 and 2018.

Sustainability

Talent and succession 

Sappi Southern Africa’s 
(SSA) performance relative 
to the Employment Equity 
Act and new Forestry 
Charter

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2019 Management Incentive Scheme outcomes for executives

%

Weight
Steve Binnie
Glen Pearce

Based on 2019 performance against 
the set targets as defined by the board 
in October 2018, neither Mr Binnie or 
Pearce will not qualify for a bonus 
payment in 2019.

The terms and conditions of the annual 
incentive scheme for executive 
directors and executive committee 
members affords the company the right 
to seek redress and recoup from an 
individual where for any reason the 
board determines, within a 12-month 
period of such payment, that the 
performance goals (whether for the 
participant or for the group) were in fact 
not achieved following the restatement 
of financial results or otherwise.

Long-term incentive
The Sappi Performance Share Plan 
(PSP) provides for annual awards of 
conditional performance shares which 
are subject to meeting performance 
targets measured over a four-year 
period. These awards will only vest if 
Sappi’s performance, relative to a peer 
group of 16 other industry-related 
companies, is ranked at median or 
above the median.

The performance criteria are relative 
total shareholder return (TSR) and 
relative cash flow return on net assets 
(CFRONA).

The peer group for the 2019 PSP 
award consisted of:
 • Fortress Paper
 • Lenzing
 • Rayonier Advance Materials
 • Ahlstrom-Munksjo 
 • Borrogaard
 • Domtar
 • West Rock

 EBITDA

Working 
capital

 Safety

 Personal

 Total

50
–
–

20
–
–

10
–
–

20
20
18

100
–
–

 • Sun Paper
 • UPM-Kymmene
 • Holmen
 • Metsá Board
 • Verso
 • Mondi plc
 • International Paper
 • Stora Enso
 • Resolute Forest Products.

Performance Share Plan
As disclosed in previous reports, the 
committee approved the linear vesting 
schedule for 2015 allocations which will 
be applicable from the 2019 vesting 
and onwards. This will have the impact 
that, at median performance, 25% of 
the allocation vests. The vesting 
schedule for 2015 allocation for both 
TSR and CFRONA is as follows:

 Position

1 – 5
6
7
8
9
10 – 17

Vesting
%

100
80
65
45
25
–

For the four-year period ended 
September 2019, Sappi’s performance 
relative to the peer group measured 
on TSR was ranked sixth, which 
meant that 80% TSR component 
shares vested on the due date 
in December 2019.

The determination of the vesting of the 
shares was provided by Mercer Kepler, 
an independent third party. 

Sappi’s performance relative to the 
peer group measured on CFRONA for 
the same period resulted in 100% of 
this portion of the awards vesting, as 
Sappi’s performance was ranked in 
third place. The determination of the 
vesting of this portion of the shares 
was verified by KPMG.

In aggregate, therefore 90% of the 
total 2015 awards vested.

In December 2015, Mr Binnie was 
granted 190,000 conditional 
performance plan shares of which 
171,000 will vest in December 2019.

In December 2015, Mr Pearce was 
granted 90,000 conditional 
performance plan shares of which 
81,000 will vest in December 2019.

The historical vesting of PSP awards:

Share awards

TSR
CFRONA
Aggregate

2015
%

–
100
50

2016
%

100
100
100

2017
%

100
100
100

2018
%

100
100
100

 2019
%

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100
90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vesting since 2016 which had been 
at 100% on both performance criteria, 
reduced to 90% for 2019. However, 
the markets we operate in are 
expected to remain challenging in the 
coming year, and profitability is likely 
to be negatively impacted as a result. 
DWP pricing, in particular, will have 
a significant impact on earnings as 
this segment is a major contributor 
to our profits and cash flow generation.

Performance Share Plan 
allocations for 2019
Each year, Mercer Kepler provides 
management with a recommendation 
for an appropriate pool size. For the 
2019 allocation, it was approved to 
grant the number of shares implied 
by the same ZAR value of prior-year 
PSP awards, where value is based on 
trailing long-run average share price at 
grant (eg 12 months). This approach 
has been applied for the last three 
years and is consistent with 
recommendations by our shareholders, 
to disclose the allocation method. This 
meant the pool size was adjusted by 
some 10% (6% based on share price 
movement and 4% based on an 
average salary adjustment across 
all regions). 

Mr Binnie was awarded 156,000 
conditional performance plan shares 
in December 2019 that will vest in 
December 2023.

Mr Pearce was awarded 71,000 
conditional performance plan shares 
in December 2019 that will vest in 
December 2023.

Changes to the long-term 
incentive scheme
Sappi received authority to use 
7.95% of shares for the Sappi Limited 
Share Incentive Trust (the scheme) 
and/or the Sappi Limited Performance 
Share Incentive Trust (the plan) 
from shareholders at the AGM on 
07 March 2005. This was equivalent 
to 19 million shares subject to 
adjustment in case of any increase 

or reduction of Sappi’s issued 
share capital on any conversion, 
redemptions, consolidations, sub-
division and/or any rights or 
capitalisation issues of shares. 

After the rights issue undertaken by 
Sappi in November 2008, this number 
increased to 42.7 million (still equivalent 
to 7.95% of the shares in issue at the 
time). Since obtaining shareholder 
approval in 2005, Sappi has been 
allocating shares to participants and 
currently has only 5.8 million shares 
available to issue and is therefore close 
to the shareholder-approved limit. The 
authority to use the shares in the plan 
and the scheme has been in place for 
14 years and with an annual burn rate 
of just under 1%.

Sappi has prepared the requisite 
ordinary resolutions to be tabled 
at the AGM in February 2020, 
requesting shareholders to (i) approve 
an additional 27.8 million shares, 
being approximately 5% of Sappi’s 
issued shares as at September 2019, 
that can be used to incentivise 
management under the rules of the 
plan in years ahead and (ii) to place 
these shares under the specific control 
of directors to issue in terms of the 
rules of the plan. Approval will be 
sought from shareholders to reset the 
numbers of shares under the plan only 
as Sappi is liquidating the scheme. This 
reset will happen with effect from date 
of approval of the resolution and all 
future outstanding shares will be 
calculated accordingly.

Employee Share Ownership 
Plan (broad-based black 
economic empowerment)
The Employee Share Ownership Plan 
(Sefate) was established in 2009 to 
meet the requirements of broad-based 
black economic empowerment 
established in the Forestry Sector 
Charter and in line with the codes set 
out by the South African Department 
of Trade and Industry.

There are two schemes which make 
up Sappi’s Employee Share Ownership 
Plan, namely the Employee Share 
Ownership Plan (ESOP) and 
Management Share Ownership Plan 
(MSOP). There were 5,607 participants 
in the schemes at the end of 
September 2014. Eligible employees 
receive an allocation based on seniority, 
of A ordinary shares and ordinary 
shares. Shares vest 40% after three 
years and 10% each year thereafter.

Shares may, however, only be taken 
up after September 2019. Employees 
receive the net value in shares or cash 
at the end of the lock-in period.

In terms of the rules of the scheme, 
the A units for both schemes lapsed 
as the threshold of ZAR73.50 was not 
achieved. The B units delivered value 
for the participants. The board 
approved an ex gratia payment, in lieu 
of all the units that lapsed under the 
scheme of approximately US$1 million. 
This was distributed to current 
permanent Sappi employees. Value 
to each participant was determined 
based on the number of A units they 
hold. The scheme has come to an end. 
Management, together with the board, 
are working on alternatives to replace 
the Sefate scheme. Sappi will, 
however, retain its ownership points 
under the Forestry Charters for the 
next nine years.

Dilution
If all outstanding option and plan 
shares were to be exercised or vest 
as at September 2019, the resulting 
dilution effect would be 2.26% 
(2018: 2.42%) of issued ordinary 
share capital excluding treasury shares. 
To the extent possible, treasury shares 
will continue to be used to meet future 
requirements for shares arising from 
the exercise of options and vesting 
of awards.

Share ownership guidelines 
and restrictions
The Chief Executive Officer, Mr Binnie, 
volunteered to hold a target number of 
shares equal to 2 x his annual base 

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salary by December 2020. He currently holds shares to the value of approximately 134% of his annual base salary. The lower 
share price has impacted the short-term value of his holding, however, he is committed to achieving this target as soon as 
possible. There is no requirement for the Chief Financial Officer and the executive committee members to hold a specific 
number of shares during their employment with the company.

(cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:92)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:90)(cid:74)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:90)(cid:92)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:95)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:91)(cid:86)(cid:89)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:90)(cid:74)(cid:89)(cid:80)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:585)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:90)
Executive directors’ emoluments for 2019 (US$) 

US$

SR Binnie1
GT Pearce2

 Salary

539,629
312,014

Performance-
related 
remuneration

Sums paid 
by way of 
expense 
allowance

Contributions 
paid under 
pension 
and medical 
aid schemes

Share-
based 
payment 
benefit

Total

–
–

14,819
8,422

82,317
60,185

635,321
301,641

1,272,086
682,263

1   SR Binnie received a 5% increase on the South African portion (72% of total salary), and a 1.5% increase on the offshore portion (28% of total salary).
  Overall salary expressed in reporting currency was 3.3% lower than in 2018.
2  GT Pearce received a 5% increase on the South African portion (73% of total salary), and a 1.5% increase on the offshore portion (27% of total salary).
  Overall salary expressed in reporting currency was 3.4% lower than in 2018.

 • Base salary – the actual salary earned during 2019
 • Retirement benefits – the annual contribution paid by the company into a defined benefit fund on behalf of the members 

determined as a percentage of their base salary

 • Other payments – expense allowances
 • Annual cash bonus – the actual bonus earned in 2019 based on the rules of the Management Incentive Scheme
 • Long-term incentive – conditional performance plan shares awarded in 2019 financial year which will vest in 2023 if the 

TSR and CFRONA targets are met

 • Local earnings are translated into the reporting currency (US Dollar) using the average exchange rate over the financial 

year. The average rate for the South African Rand depreciated by 10%, and for the Swiss Franc 2.2%

 • Due to the earnings currencies (ZAR) depreciating against the reporting currency (US$) over the year, this had the effect 

of showing earnings in US Dollar terms to be lower than last year. 

Executive directors’ emoluments for 2018 (US$)

Performance-
related 
remuneration

Sums paid 
by way of 
expense 
allowance

Contributions 
paid under 
pension 
and medical 
aid schemes

525,830
303,971

14,907
8,473

85,129
63,461

 Salary

558,318
322,878

Share-
based 
payment 
benefit

701,472
292,857

Total

1,885,656
991,640

US$

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(cid:55)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:90)(cid:74)(cid:89)(cid:80)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:585)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:90)(cid:22)(cid:76)(cid:95)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:92)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:73)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:90)
Prescribed officers are members of the Group Executive Committee. 

The table below sets out the remuneration for prescribed officers for 2019:

Bonuses 
and 
performance-
related 
payments

Sums paid 
by way of 
expense 
allowance

Contributions 
paid under 
pension 
and medical 
aid schemes

–
–
189,876
–
–
–
106,828

2,820
–
9,379
4,964
7,865
5,219
157,904

258,045
57,222
57,939
43,939
106,199
47,238
105,498

 Salary

756,218
564,133
325,447
167,871
253,087
182,354
276,886

US$

B Wiersum 
M Gardner(1)
A Thiel 
M van Hoven 
G Bowles 
F Marupen 
M Mansoor 

The table below sets out the remuneration for prescribed officers for 2018:

Bonuses 
and 
performance-
related 
payments

Sums paid 
by way of 
expense 
allowance

Contributions 
paid under 
pension 
and medical 
aid schemes

511,203
442,734
230,261
43,391
123,824
183,597
134,788
152,653

2,976
–
9,435
2,460
4,994
7,534
5,250
115,083

261,304
56,125
61,199
–
47,087
104,581
50,189
73,390

 Salary

779,507
548,690
336,541
84,049
173,061
250,935
188,705
205,370

US$

B Wiersum 
M Gardner 
A Thiel 
A Rossi(2)
M van Hoven 
G Bowles 
F Marupen 
M Mansoor(3)

(1)  Retired in September 2019.
(2)  Retired in December 2017.
(3)  Appointed in January 2018.

Share-
based 
payment 
benefit

360,596
360,596
360,596
282,976
301,641
235,658
111,072

Share-
based 
payment 
benefit

353,023
353,023
384,436
–
279,116
297,682
196,818
66,188

Total

1,377,679
981,951
943,237
499,750
668,792
470,469
758,188

Total

1,908,013
1,400,572
1,021,872
129,900
628,082
844,329
575,750
612,684

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REMUNERATION
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Non-executive directors’ 
fees
Directors are normally remunerated in 
the currency of the country in which 
they live or work from. Their 
remuneration is translated into 
US Dollar, the group’s reporting 
currency, at the average exchange rate 
prevailing during the financial year. 
Directors’ fees are established in local 
currencies to reflect market conditions 
in those countries.

Non-executive directors’ fees reflect 
their services as directors and services 
on various sub-committees on which 
they serve. The quantum of committee 

fees depends on whether the director 
is an ordinary member or a chairman of 
the committee. Non-executive directors 
do not earn attendance fees, however, 
additional fees are paid for attendance 
at board meetings more than the five 
scheduled meetings per annum.

The Chairman of the Sappi Limited 
board receives a flat director’s fee and 
does not earn committee fees. 
Non-executive directors do not 
participate in any incentive schemes 
or plans of any kind.

In determining the fees for non-
executive directors, due consideration 
is given to the fee practice of 

companies of similar size and 
complexity in the countries in which 
they are based. The extreme volatility 
of currencies, in particular the 
ZAR/US Dollar exchange rate in recent 
years, caused distortions of the relative 
fees in US Dollar paid to individual 
directors. Every second year, Mercer 
provides a recommendation on fees 
to the committee.

Non-executive directors’ fees are 
proposed by the Executive Committee, 
agreed by the Compensation 
Committee, recommended by the 
board and approved at the AGM 
by the shareholders.

The non-executive directors’ fees for 2019 financial year were approved by shareholders. The table below sets out the 
remuneration for non-executive directors for 2019:

US$

KR Osar
JD McKenzie
ANR Rudd
NP Mageza
MV Moosa
MA Fallon
RJAM Renders
B Mehlomakulu
Z Malinga1
BR Beamish2
JM Lopez2
JE Stipp3

Total

1  Appointed to the board in October 2018.
2  Appointed to the board in March 2019.
3  Appointed to the board in June 2019.

2019

Board fees

Committee 
fees

Travel 
allowance

69,320 
44,944 
402,325 
30,037 
30,037 
58,687 
69,238 
30,037 
30,037 
34,235 
40,419 
23,097 

862,413 

35,050 
19,518 
–
40,950 
28,512 
65,376 
64,601 
9,759 
15,596 
8,271 
4,175 
5,842 

18,500 
7,400 
11,100 
7,400 
7,400 
11,100 
11,100 
7,400 
7,400 
–
7,400 
3,700 

Total

122,870 
71,862 
413,425 
78,387 
65,949 
135,163 
144,939 
47,196 
53,033 
42,506 
51,994 
32,639 

297,650 

99,900 

1,259,963 

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D Konar(1)
KR Osar
JD McKenzie
ANR Rudd
NP Mageza
R Thummer(2)
MV Moosa
MA Fallon
RJ De Koch(3)
RJAM Renders
B Mehlomakulu

Total

2018

Board fees

Committee 
fees

Travel 
allowance

13,686
74,140
50,394
419,684
34,729
24,700
34,729
66,335
65,806
78,937
31,565

14,344
34,100
20,511
–
37,569
7,478
24,834
67,223
21,357
67,022
10,255

–
18,000
7,200
10,800
7,200
7,000
7,200
10,800
14,400
10,800
7,200

Total

28,030
126,240
78,105
430,484
79,498
39,178
66,763
144,358
101,563
156,759
49,020

894,705

304,693

100,600

1,299,998

(1)  Retired from the board in January 2018.
(2)  Retired from the board in December 2017.
(3)  Retired from the board in August 2018.

Statement by the board 
regarding compliance with 
the remuneration policy
The board annually receives a report 
from the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee on pay 
practices across the group, including 
salary levels and trends, collective 
bargaining outcomes and bonus 
participation. 

The board endorses the Human 
Resources and Compensation 
Committee position that Sappi’s 
remuneration policy is set taking 
appropriate account of remuneration 
and employment conditions of other 
employees in the group and external 
factors. It is the view of the board that 
this policy, as detailed herein, drives 
business performance and value 
creation for all stakeholders.

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SOCIAL, ETHICS, 
TRANSFORMATION AND 
SUSTAINABILITY 
COMMITTEE REPORT

Introduction
The Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
(SETS) Committee presents its report for the 
financial year ended September 2019. This is a 
statutory committee with a majority of independent 
non-executive members, whose duties are 
delegated to them by the board of directors. The 
committee conducted its affairs in compliance with a 
board-approved terms of reference and discharged 
all its responsibilities contained therein. 

The committee was established during 
the 2012 financial year in response to 
the requirements of section 72(4) of the 
South African Companies Act 71 of 
2008, read with regulation 43 of the 
Companies Regulations, 2011. These 
regulations required the establishment 
of a Social and Ethics Committee, to 
which were added the Transformation 
and Sustainability oversight roles 
previously contained in the 
Sustainability and Human Resources 
and Transformation Committees. 

Multifunctional Regional Sustainability 
Councils provide strategic and 
operational support to a Group 
Sustainability Council which in turn 
provides support to the SETS 
Committee in dealing with key 
sustainability issues.

During the financial year, the committee 
formally met three times to deliberate 
on all aspects relating to its terms. 
A 100% attendance record was 
achieved by board committee 
members for 2019.

Objectives of the committee
The role of the SETS Committee is to 
assist the board with the oversight of 
the company and to provide guidance 
to management’s work in respect of 
its duties in the fields of social, ethics, 
transformation and sustainability. The 
committee relies on international best 
practice as well as the laws and 
regulations under which Sappi’s 
businesses operate to ensure that the 
group not only complies with, but also 
fully implements all requirements. The 
committee addresses issues relating 
to corporate social investment, ethical 
conduct, diversity, transformation and 
empowerment initiatives and targets 
and ongoing sustainability practices 
to ensure that our business, our 
environment and our people can 
prosper on an ongoing basis. The 
responsibilities include monitoring the 
company’s activities, having regard 
to any relevant legislation, other legal 
requirements and prevailing codes of 
best practice. The committee meets 
a minimum of three times each year. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Membership of the 
committee
The members of the SETS Committee 
during the 2019 financial year were:
 • Mr MV Moosa (Chairman from 

01 March 2016) 

 • Mr SR Binnie 
 • Dr B Mehlomakulu
 • Mr BR Beamish (from 01 August 

2019)

 • Mr JM Lopez (from 01 August 2019)

Four members of the committee were 
independent non-executive directors 
and one the CEO. In addition, the 
Chairman of the board attends 
committee meetings ex officio. The 
regional Chief Executive Officers, the 
Group Head Strategy and Legal, the 
Group Head Technology, the Group 
Head Human Resources, the Group 
Head Corporate Affairs, the Executive 
Vice-President Dissolving Wood Pulp 
and the Group Head Investor Relations 
and Sustainability attend meetings 
by invitation. 

Committee activities 
reviewed and actioned 
during the year
 • Reviewed and revised the committee 
terms of reference and annual work 
plan

 • Approved the Public Affairs and 
CSR programmes and policy
 • Reviewed the Corporate Social 

Development programme
 • Reviewed the UN Sustainable 

Development Goals most relevant 
to Sappi

 • Reviewed Sappi’s standing in terms 

of:
 – The principles set out in the United 

Nations Global Compact

 – The OECD recommendations 

regarding corruption

 – The Employment Equity Act, and 
 – The Broad-based Black Economic 

Empowerment Act

 • Reviewed the Code of Ethics, ethics 
programme and their effectiveness
 • Obtained feedback from the ethics 

reporting hotlines 

 • Reviewed the South African skills 
audit as well as the training and 
development plan

 • Reviewed the staff training progress
 • Reviewed the company performance 
relative to the Employment Equity 
Act, Broad-based Black Economic 
Empowerment (BBBEE) Act and the 
company’s transformation strategies
 • Reviewed the Sappi Southern Africa 

Transformation Charter

 • Reviewed Sappi’s policy and 

standing in terms of the International 
Labour Organization (ILO) protocol 
on decent work and working 
conditions

 • Reviewed the group safety 

programmes, safety performance 
and actions being taken to improve 
the safety performance of the group

 • Reviewed the group unfair 

discrimination and equality policy
 • Reviewed the Group Sustainability 
Charter and Environmental Policy
 • Reviewed the material indicators 
of the group’s environmental 
performance

 • Reviewed regional sustainability 

performance against goals for 2019
 • Reviewed regional and global public 
policy matters affecting the group 
and its operations 

 • Reviewed the various production unit 
operating efficiencies, reliability and 
unscheduled downtime metrics for 
2019

 • Indepth review of the European 

industry dynamics, particularly risks 
and opportunities related to the 
single use plastic directive and the 
transition to a low-carbon economy
 • Indepth review of factors influencing 
the sustainability of Sappi’s timber 
plantations and related actions taken 
to mitigate risks and improve growth

 • Indepth review of Sappi North 
America’s energy and carbon 
emissions strategy

 • Reviewed the SETS Committee 
Report for the Annual Integrated 
Report as well as sustainability 
information presented in the Annual 
Integrated Report.

At each meeting a topic is selected for 
an indepth review, typically matters 
which in the view of the committee 
represent key risks or opportunities for 

the business. In the past year the three 
focus areas were European industry 
dynamics, including the single-use 
plastic legislation, shift to paper 
packaging and the transition to a 
low-carbon economy. Secondly, factors 
influencing the sustainability of Sappi’s 
South African timber plantations and 
new technologies being implemented 
to lower cost, enhance productivity and 
improve safety. Lastly, the committee 
reviewed Sappi North America’s energy 
and carbon emissions reduction 
strategy.

Conclusion
The committee confirms that the group 
gives its social, ethics, transformation 
and sustainability responsibilities the 
necessary attention. Appropriate 
policies and programmes are in place 
to contribute to social and economic 
development, ethical behaviour of 
staff towards colleagues and other 
stakeholders, fair labour practices, 
environmental responsibility and good 
customer relations. In fulfilling their 
mandate, the committee has sought 
to ensure the needs of a wide set of 
stakeholders, including employees, 
local communities, customers and 
shareholders are considered and that 
key sustainability risks are identified 
and managed.

There were no substantive areas of 
non-compliance with legislation and 
regulation, nor non-adherence with 
codes of best practice applicable 
to the areas within the committee’s 
mandate that were brought to its 
attention. The committee has no 
reason to believe that any such 
non-compliance or non-adherence 
has occurred.

MV Moosa

Chairman

Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee 

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RERECTI
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTION
D

ATATIO
UUS
MMA
SSPE
SSSSSSSSSPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
UUM
CCIT

PPPPPPPPAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSIIIIIIIOOOOOOONNNN

DETERMINATION

LLLLEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

TETE
RPORPOSE
PPPUUURRRRPPPPOOOOSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

Every marathon runner has their own 
individual race strategy – intervals and 
tempo runs that increase cardio capacity, 
rest and recovery periods that help 
prevent injuries. However different their 
strategies may be, they all have one 
characteristic in common: determination. 

It begins with the long, hard slog of 
training, often at inconvenient times, 
sometimes in inclement weather. 
Determination continues as runners have 
to contend with meeting the increasingly 
stringent criteria for cut off times. 

Nobody forces anybody to participate, 
nobody needs to participate. For all the 
hundreds of thousands of those who 
participate in marathons every year, it 
is not only a competition against other 
runners, it is a competition against 

themselves. That is what drives them to 
finish the race even when their bodies are 
saying they cannot possibly do so and the 
power of the mind and positive thinking 
drives them on.

This individual and collective 
determination demonstrates how success 
is achieved – not just by the record 
breakers or race winners, but everyone 
who finishes within the cut-off time.

At Sappi, we believe in the power of 
determination, of overcoming the 
impossible and constantly challenging 
ourselves to do better than our best. It is 
what underpins our focus on our chosen 
markets, our approach to leveraging the 
power of woodfibre and our drive to be a 
trusted and sustainable organisation with 
an exciting future. 

145
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FIVE-YEAR
REVIEW

US$ million

 2019

 2018

2017

2016

2015

Income statement
Sales
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs
Fixed costs
Sundry expenses (income)1
Operating profit excluding special items
Special items – (gains) losses 
Operating profit
Net finance costs
Profit (loss) before taxation
Taxation charge 
Profit (loss) for the year
EBITDA excluding special items 

Balance sheet
Total assets
Non-current assets
Current assets
Current liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Net debt

Gross interest-bearing debt
Cash

Capital employed

Cash flow

Cash generated from operations
Decrease (increase) in working capital
Finance costs paid
Finance revenue received
Taxation paid
Dividends paid

Cash generated from operating activities
Net cash generated (utilised) 
Cash effects of financing activities
Capital expenditure (gross)
To maintain operations
To expand operations

Exchange rates

US$ per one Euro exchange rate – closing
US$ per one Euro exchange rate – average 
(financial year)
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – closing
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – average 
(financial year)

5,746 
3,530 
1,771 
 43 
 402 
 19 
 383 
 85 
 298 
 87 
 211 
 687 

 5,623 
 3,789 
 1,834 
 1,214 
 1,948 
 1,501 
 1,894 
 (393)
 3,449 

 673 
 (15)
 (51)
 9 
 (51)
 (92)
 473 
 1 
 56 
 471 
 148 
 323 

5,806 
3,521 
1,767 
 38 
 480 
 (9)
 489 
 68 
 421 
 98 
 323 
 762 

 5,670 
 3,766 
 1,904 
 1,173 
 1,947 
 1,568 
 1,931 
 (363)
 3,515 

 709 
 (79)
 (84)
 18 
 (73)
 (81)
 410 
 (254)
 68 
 541 
 167 
 374 

5,296 
3,147 
1,601 
 22 
 526 
–
 526 
 80 
 446 
 108 
 338 
 785 

 5,247 
 3,378 
 1,869 
 1,043 
 1,747 
 1,322 
 1,872 
 (550)
 3,069 

 748 
 (27)
 (96)
 15 
 (100)
 (59)
 481 
 108 
 (279)
 357 
 140 
 217 

5,141 
3,061 
1,571 
 22 
 487 
 (57)
 544 
 121 
 423 
 104 
 319 
 739 

 5,177 
 3,171 
 2,006 
 1,474 
 1,378 
 1,408 
 2,111 
 (703)
 2,786 

 693 
 4 
 (107)
 16 
 (56)
–
 550 
 359 
 (130)
 241 
 155 
 86 

5,390 
3,414 
1,613 
 6 
 357 
 (54)
 411 
 182 
 229 
 62 
 167 
 625 

 4,913 
 3,174 
 1,739 
 1,092 
 1,015 
 1,771 
 2,227 
 (456)
 2,786 

 544 
 (11)
 (148)
 13 
 (16)
–
 382 
 145 
 (127)
 248 
 175 
 73 

 1,094 

 1,161 

 1,181 

 1,123 

 1,120 

 1,128 
 15,156 

 1,190 
 14,147 

 1,106 
 13,556 

 1,111 
 13,714 

 1,150 
 13,914 

 14,346 

 13,052 

 13,381 

 14,788 

 11,964 

1  Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to manufacturing operations such as debtor securitisation costs, commissions paid and 

received and results of equity-accounted investments.

 
 
 
 
 
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US$ million

 2019

 2018

2017

2016

2015

Statistics
Number of ordinary shares (millions)1
In issue at year-end
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue 
during the year 

Per share information (US cents)
Basic earnings (loss) 
Diluted earnings (loss) 
Headline earnings (loss) 
Diluted headline earnings (loss) 
EPS excluding special items (US cents)
Net asset value 

Profitability ratios (%)
Operating profit to sales
Operating profit excluding special items to sales
EBITDA excluding special items to sales
Operating profit excluding special items to
capital employed (ROCE) 
Net debt to EBITDA excluding special items
Interest cover
Return on average equity (ROE)

Debt ratios (%)
Net debt to total capitalisation

Efficiency ratios
Asset turnover (times)
Inventory turnover ratio

Liquidity ratios
Current asset ratio
Trade accounts receivable days outstanding 
(including receivables securitised) 
Cash interest cover (times)

Other non-financial information2
Sales volumes
Number of full-time equivalent employees 
Lost-time injury frequency rate (including contract 
employees)
Energy

Energy intensity (GJ/adt)
Renewable energy to total energy (%)

Water

Specific process water drawn (m3/adt)
Specific process water returned (m3/adt)

Waste

Specific total landfill (ton/adt)

Emissions

 542.8 

 539.3 

 535.0 

 530.6 

 526.4 

 542.0 

 538.1 

 533.9 

 529.4 

 525.7 

 39 
 39 
 42 
 42 
 44 
 359 

 6.7 
 7.0 
 12.0 

 11.5 
 2.2 
 9.3 
 10.8 

 60 
 59 
 59 
 58 
 60 
 361 

 8.4 
 8.3 
 13.1 

 14.6 
 2.1 
 11.0 
 17.5 

 63 
 62 
 64 
 63 
 64 
 327 

 9.9 
 9.9 
 14.8 

 18.0 
 1.7 
 9.1 
 21.6 

 60 
 59 
 58 
 57 
 57 
 260 

 10.6 
 9.5 
 14.4 

 17.5 
 1.9 
 7.3 
 26.7 

 32 
 31 
 32 
 31 
 34 
 193 

 7.6 
 6.6 
 11.6 

 12.4 
 2.8 
 4.4 
 16.2 

 43.5 

 44.6 

 43.1 

 50.5 

 63.6 

 1.0 
 7.0 

 1.5 

 46 
 7.6 

 1.0 
 6.7 

 1.6 

 45 
 9.3 

 1.0 
 7.0 

 1.8 

 45 
 8.1 

 1.0 
 7.0 

 1.4 

 44 
 5.6 

 1.1 
 7.9 

 1.6 

 45 
 3.0 

 7,622 
 12,821 

 7,591 
 12,645 

 7,410 
 12,158 

 7,253 
 12,051 

 7,306 
 12,548 

 0.54 

 0.43 

 0.44 

 0.46 

 0.48 

 22.84 
 52.93 

 34.17 
 32.32 

 22.44 
 52.15 

 34.28 
 32.15 

 22.63 
 53.71 

 33.74 
 31.66 

 22.75 
 53.78 

 34.93 
 31.74 

 22.64 
 54.84 

 34.32 
 31.27 

 0.059 

 0.064 

 0.079 

 0.069 

 0.077 

Specific Scope 1 emissions (ton CO2 eq/adt)
Absolute Scope 1 (ton CO2e)
Specific Scope 2 emissions (ton CO2 eq/adt)
Absolute Scope 2 (ton CO2e)

 0.69 
 4,395,556 
 0.25 
 1,608,661 

 0.69 
 4,456,032 
 0.24 
 1,537,231 

 0.68 
 4,330,484 
 0.25 
 1,583,499 

 0.69 
 4,233,863 
 0.28 
 1,699,092 

 0.67 
 4,098,481 
 0.27 
 1,667,942 

Refer to share statistics section for other market and share-related information.

1  Net of treasury shares (refer to note 18 to the group financial statements).
2 

 Certain energy, water, waste and emissions data for the comparative years have been restated using the latest reporting standards and measurement 
methodology.

Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the glossary section.

 
 
 
 
 
148

Shareholding

Ordinary shares in issue

1 – 5,000
5,001 – 10,000
10,001 – 50,000
50,001 – 100,000
100,001 – 1,000,000
Over 1,000,000

SHARE
STATISTICS

as at September 2019

 Number 
 of 
shareholders

5,145
210
396
157
357
76

6,341

 % 

81.1
3.3
6.3
2.5
5.6
1.2

 Number 
 of shares1 

 % of shares 
 in issue 

2,714,091
1,526,010
9,952,385
11,063,470
110,244,899
407,274,585

0.5
0.3
1.9
2.0
20.3
75.0

100.0

542,775,440

100.0

1  The number of shares excludes 5,278,023 treasury shares held by the group.

Shareholder spread

Type of shareholder

Non-public

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Sappi Limited directors and prescribed officers
Associates of group directors
Trustees of the company’s share and retirement funding schemes
Shareowners who, by virtue of any agreement, have the right to nominate board members
Share owners interested in 10% or more of the issued shares

Public (the number of public shareholders as at September 2019 was 6,330)

 % of shares 
 in issue 

 0.4 
 0.4 
–
–
–
–
 99.6 

 100.0 

Sappi has a primary listing on the JSE Limited and a Level 1 ADR programme that trades in the over-the-counter market in 
the United States.

A large number of shares are held by nominee companies for beneficial shareholders. Pursuant to section 56(7) of the 
Companies Act 71 of 2008 of South Africa, the directors have investigated the beneficial ownership of shares in Sappi 
Limited, including those which are registered in the nominee holdings. These investigations revealed as of September 2019, 
the following are beneficial holders of more than 5% of the issued share capital of Sappi Limited:

Beneficial holder

Public Investment Corporation

 Shares 

 81,646,282 

 % 

 15.0 

Further, as a result of these investigations, the directors have ascertained that some of the shares registered in the names of 
the nominee holders are managed by various fund managers and that, as of September 2019, the following fund managers 
were responsible for managing 5% or more of the share capital of Sappi Limited:

Fund manager

Allan Gray Proprietary Limited
Public Investment Corporation
Prudential Investment Managers

 Shares 

89,790,341
73,976,923
68,923,170

 % 

 16.5 
 13.6 
 12.7 

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Share statistics

Ordinary shares in issue (millions)1
Net asset value per share (US cents)
Number of shares traded (millions)

JSE
New York

Value of shares traded

JSE (ZAR million)
New York (US$ million)

Percentage of issued shares traded
Market price per share
– year-end  JSE (South African cents)

– highest 

– lowest 

New York (US cents)
JSE (SA cents)
New York (US cents)
JSE (SA cents)
New York (US cents)

Earnings yield (%)2
Price/earnings ratio (times)2
Total market capitalisation (US$ million)2

 2019

 542.8 
 359 

 537.1 
 0.3 

 33,141.3 
 1.5 
 99.0 

 3,629.0 
 251.0 
 9,059.0 
 640.0 
 3,542.0 
 241.0 
 16.29 
 6.14 
 1,300 

 2018

 539.3 
 361 

 557.4 
 0.4 

 49,837.1 
 2.9 
 103.4 

 8,875.0 
 639.0 
 10,579.0 
 749.0 
 7,180.0 
 613.0 
 9.56 
 10.46 
 3,383 

2017

 535.0 
 327 

 630.7 
 3.1 

2016

 530.6 
 260 

 544.7 
 0.9 

2015

 526.4 
 193 

 351.0 
 1.1 

 54,760.0 
 20.3 
 118.5 

 35,428.6 
 4.2 
 102.8 

 15,642.5 
 4.4 
 66.9 

 9,206 
 681 
 10,438 
 797 
 6,953 
 509 
 9.28 
 10.78 
 3,633 

 7,226 
 522 
 7,942 
 522 
 3,982 
 282 
 11.39 
 8.78 
 2,796 

 4,069 
 286 
 5,279 
 448 
 3,610 
 267 
 10.94 
 9.14 
 1,539 

1  The number of shares excludes 5,278,023 treasury shares held by the group.
2  Based on financial year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited. Income statement amounts have been converted at average year-to-date exchange rates.

Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the Glossary section.

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GLOSSARY

(cid:46)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:90)
AGM – Annual General Meeting.

AF&PA – American Forest and Paper Association.

air dry tons (ADT) – Meaning dry solids content of 90% 
and moisture content of 10%.

biochemicals – Enzymes, hormones, pheromones etc, 
which either occur naturally or are manufactured to be 
identical to naturally occurring substances. Biochemicals 
have many environment-friendly applications, such as natural 
pesticides that work in non-lethal ways as repellents or by 
disrupting the mating patterns of the pests.

biofuels – Organic material such as wood, waste and 
alcohol fuels, as well as gaseous and liquid fuels produced 
from these feedstocks when they are burned to produce 
energy.

biomaterials – New developments in wood processing 
supports the move to a biobased economy that utilises 
materials that are renewable and biodegradable and that 
do not compete with food sources.

black liquor – The spent cooking liquor from the pulping 
process which arises when pulpwood is cooked in a digester 
thereby removing lignin, hemicellulose and other extractives 
from the wood to free the cellulose fibres. The resulting black 
liquor is an aqueous solution of lignin residues, 
hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the 
pulping process. Black liquor contains slightly more than 
half of the energy content of the wood fed into the digester.

bleached pulp – Pulp that has been bleached by means 
of chemical additives to make it suitable for fine paper 
production.

casting and release paper – Embossed paper used to 
impart design in polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride plastic 
films for the production of synthetic leather and other 
textured surfaces.

CEPI – Confederation of European Paper Industries.

Cham Paper Group Holding AG (CPG) – Speciality paper 
business acquired by Sappi, which included CPG’s 
Carmignano and Condino Mills (Italy) and its digital imaging 
business in Cham (Switzerland) as well as all brands and 
know-how.

chemical oxygen demand (COD) – The amount of oxygen 
required to break down the organic compounds in effluent.

chemical pulp – A generic term for pulp made from 
woodfibre that has been produced in a chemical process.

CHP – Combined heat and power.

coated mechanical paper (CM) – Coated paper made 
from groundwood pulp which has been produced in a 
mechanical process, primarily used for magazines, 
catalogues and advertising material.

coated paper – Papers that contain a layer of coating 
material on one or both sides. The coating materials, 
consisting of pigments and binders, act as a filler to improve 
the printing surface of the paper.

coated woodfree paper (CWF) – Coated paper made 
from chemical pulp which is made from woodfibre that has 
been produced in a chemical process, primarily used for 
high-end publications and advertising material.

corrugating medium – Paperboard made from chemical 
and semi-chemical pulp, or waste paper, that is to be 
converted to a corrugated board by passing it through 
corrugating cylinders. Corrugating medium between layers 
of linerboard form the board from which corrugated boxes 
are produced.

CSI and CSR – Corporate social investment and corporate 
social responsibility.

CSV – Corporate shared value involves developing profitable 
business strategies that deliver tangible social benefits.

dissolving pulp – Highly purified chemical pulp derived 
primarily from wood, but also from cotton linters intended 
primarily for conversion into chemical derivatives of cellulose 
and used mainly in the manufacture of viscose staple fibre, 
solvent spin fibre and filament.

dissolving wood pulp – Highly purified chemical pulp 
derived from wood intended primarily for conversion into 
chemical derivatives of cellulose and used mainly in the 
manufacture of viscose staple fibre, solvent spin fibre and 
filament.

EIA – Environmental impact assessment.

ESG – Environmental, social and corporate governance.

energy – Is present in many forms such as solar, 
mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical. Any source of 
energy can be tapped to perform work. In power plants, coal 
is burned and its chemical energy is converted into electrical 
energy. To generate steam, coal and other fossil fuels are 
burned, thus converting stored chemical energy into thermal 
energy.

fibre – Fibre is generally referred to as pulp in the paper 
industry. Wood is treated chemically or mechanically to 
separate the fibres during the pulping process.

fine paper – Paper usually produced from chemical pulp for 
printing and writing purposes and consisting of coated and 
uncoated paper.

FMCG – Fast-moving consumer goods. Examples include 
non-durable goods such as packaged foods, beverages, 
toiletries, over-the-counter medicines and many other 
consumables.

Forestry South Africa – Largest forestry organisation 
representing growers of timber in South Africa.

 
 
 
 
 
Forest Stewardship Council™ (FSC™) – A global, 
not-for-profit organisation dedicated to the promotion of 
responsible forest management world-wide. (FSC-N003159) 
(https://ic.fsc.org/en)  

full-time equivalent employee – The number of total 
hours worked divided by the maximum number of 
compensable hours in a full-time schedule as defined by law.

greenhouse gases (GHG) – The GHGs included in the 
Kyoto Protocol are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur 
hexafluoride.

hemicellulose sugars – The biorefinery process for second 
generation hemicellulose sugars involves recovering them 
from the prehydolysate liquor, and then separating them.

Ideas that Matter (ITM) – More than a decade ago Sappi 
North America established the Ideas that Matter grant 
programme to recognise and support designers who use 
their skills and expertise to solve communications problems 
for a wide range of charitable activities.

ISO – Developed by the International Standardisation 
Organisation (ISO), ISO 9000 is a series of standards 
focused on quality management systems, while the 
ISO 14001 series is focused on environmental performance 
and management.

JSE Limited – The main securities exchange in South 
Africa.

kraft paper – Packaging paper (bleached or unbleached) 
made from kraft pulp.

kraft pulp – Chemical wood pulp produced by digesting 
wood by means of the sulphate pulping process.

Kyoto Protocol – A document signed by over 160 countries 
at Kyoto, Japan in December 1997 which commits 
signatories to reducing their emission of greenhouse gases 
relative to levels emitted in 1990.

lignosulphonate – Lignosulphonate is a highly soluble lignin 
derivative and a product of the sulphite pulping process.

linerboard – The grade of paperboard used for the exterior 
facings of corrugated board. Linerboard is combined with 
corrugating medium by converters to produce corrugated 
board used in boxes.

liquor – White liquor is the aqueous solution of sodium 
hydroxide and sodium sulphide used to extract lignin during 
kraft pulping. Black liquor is the resultant combination of 
lignin, water and chemicals.

lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) – Number of 
lost-time injuries x 200,000 divided by man hours.

managed forest – Naturally occurring forests that are 
harvested commercially.

market pulp – Pulp produced for sale on the open market, 
as opposed to that produced for own consumption in an 
integrated mill.

mechanical pulp – Pulp produced by means of the 
mechanical grinding or refining of wood or woodchips.

nanocellulose – Cellulose is the main component of plant 
stems, leaves and roots. Traditionally, its main commercial 
use was in producing paper and textiles. Nanocellulose 
opens up opportunities for advanced, planet-friendly 
solutions in place of environmentally harmful products.

National Development Plan (NDP) – Aims to eliminate 
poverty and reduce inequality by 2030. South Africa can 
realise these goals by drawing on the energies of its people, 
growing an inclusive economy, building capabilities, 
enhancing the capacity of the state, and promoting 
leadership and partnerships throughout society.

natural/indigenous forest – Pristine areas not used 
commercially.

NBHK – Northern Bleached Hardwood Kraft pulp. One of 
the varieties of market pulp, produced from hardwood trees 
(ie birch or aspen) in Scandinavia, Canada and northern 
United States of America.

NBSK – Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft pulp. One of the 
main varieties of market pulp, produced from coniferous 
trees (ie spruce, pine) in Scandinavia, Canada and northern 
United States of America. The price of NBSK is a benchmark 
widely used in the pulp and paper industry for comparative 
purposes.

newsprint – Paper produced for the printing of newspapers 
mainly from mechanical pulp and/or recycled waste paper.

NGO – Non-governmental organisation.

NPO – Non-profit organisation.

OHSAS – An international health and safety standard aimed 
at minimising occupational health and safety risks, firstly by 
conducting a variety of analyses and, secondly, by setting 
standards.

OTC – Over-the-counter trading of shares.

Packaging and speciality papers – A generic term for a 
group of papers intended for commercial and industrial use 
such as flexible packaging, label papers, functional papers, 
containerboard, paperboard, silicone base papers, casting 
and release papers, dye sublimation papers, inkjet papers 
and tissue paper.

packaging paper – Paper used for packaging purposes.

PAMSA – Paper Manufacturers’ Association of South Africa.

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Programme for the Endorsement of Forest 
Certification™ (PEFC™) – An international non-profit, 
non-governmental organisation dedicated to promoting 
sustainable forest management (SFM) through independent 
third-party certification. PEFC™ works by endorsing national 
forest certification systems and is represented in 
49 countries through national organisations such as 
SFI® in North America (https://www.pefc.org). 

plantation – Large-scale planted forests, intensively 
managed, highly productive and grown primarily for wood 
and fibre production.

SETS – Social, ethics, transformation and sustainability.

silviculture costs – Growing and tending costs of trees in 
forestry operations.

solid waste – Dry organic and inorganic waste materials.

specific – When data is expressed in specific form, this 
means that the actual quantity consumed during the year 
indicated, whether energy, water, emissions or solid waste, 
is expressed in terms of a production parameter. For Sappi, 
as with other pulp and paper companies, this parameter is 
air dry tons of saleable product.

PM – Paper machine.

printing and writing papers – A generic term for a group 
of papers intended for commercial printing use such as 
coated woodfree, coated mechanical, uncoated woodfree 
and newsprint.

power – The rate at which energy is used or produced.

pulpwood – Wood suitable for producing pulp – usually not 
of sufficient standard for sawmilling.

raster – A rectangular pattern of parallel scanning lines 
followed by the electron beam on a television screen or 
computer monitor.

release paper – Based paper used in the production of 
making release liners, the backing paper for self-adhesive 
labels.

sackkraft – Kraft paper used to produce multi-wall paper 
sacks.

Sappi Biotech – The business unit within Sappi which 
drives innovation and commercialisation of biomaterials 
and biochemicals.

Sappi Europe (SEU) – The business unit within Sappi 
which oversees operations in the European region.

Sappi Dissolving Wood Pulp – The business unit within 
Sappi which oversees the production and marketing of 
dissolving wood pulp (DWP).

Sappi North America (SNA) – The business unit within 
Sappi which oversees operations in the North American 
region.

Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) – The business unit within 
Sappi which oversees operations in the Southern Africa 
region.

Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions – The Greenhouse Gas 
Protocol defines Scope 1 (direct) and Scope 2 (indirect) 
emissions as follows:
 • Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that 

are owned or controlled by the reporting entity

 • Indirect GHG emissions are emissions from purchased 

electricity, steam, heat or cooling.

specific purchased energy – The term ‘specific’ indicates 
that the actual quantity during the year indicated is 
expressed in terms of a production parameter. For Sappi, as 
with other pulp and paper companies, the parameter is air 
dry tons of product.

specific total energy (STE) – The energy intensity ratio 
defined by the total energy consumption in the context of the 
saleable production.

Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI®) – A solutions-
oriented sustainability organisation that collaborates on 
forest-based conservation and community initiatives. The 
SFI® forest management standard is the largest forestry 
certification standard in the PEFC™ programme. 
(http://www.sfiprogram.org).  

thermo-mechanical pulp – Pulp produced by processing 
woodfibres using heat and mechanical grinding or refining 
wood or woodchips.

ton – Metric ton of 1,000 kg.

total suspended solids (TSS) – Refers to matter 
suspended or dissolved in effluent.

tons per annum (tpa) – Term used in this report to denote 
tons per annum (tons a year). Capacity figures in this report 
denote tons per annum at maximum continuous run rate.

uncoated woodfree paper – Printing and writing paper 
made from bleached chemical pulp used for general printing, 
photocopying and stationery, etc. Referred to as uncoated 
as it does not contain a layer of pigment to give it a coated 
surface.

United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) – A principle 
based framework for businesses, stating 10 principles in the 
areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-
corruption.

viscose staple fibre (VSF) – A natural fibre made from 
purified cellulose, primarily from dissolving wood pulp that 
can be twisted to form yarn.

woodfree paper – Paper made from chemical pulp.

 
 
 
 
 
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – The world’s largest 
conservation organisation, focused on supporting biological 
diversity.

(cid:46)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:90)

acquisition date – The date on which control in respect 
of subsidiaries, joint control in respect of joint arrangements 
and significant influence in associates commences.

associate – An entity over which the investor has significant 
influence.

basic earnings per share – Net profit for the year divided 
by the weighted average number of shares in issue during 
the year.

commissioning date – The date that an item of property, 
plant and equipment, whether acquired or constructed, is 
brought into use.

compound annual growth rate – Is the mean annual 
growth rate of an investment over a specified period of 
time longer than one year.

control – An investor controls an investee when it is 
exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its 
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect 
those returns through its power over the investee.

diluted earnings per share – Is calculated by assuming 
conversion or exercise of all potentially dilutive shares, share 
options and share awards unless these are anti-dilutive.

discount rate – This is the pre-tax interest rate that reflects 
the current market assessment of the time value of money 
for the purposes of determining discounted cash flows. In 
determining the cash flows, the risks specific to the asset or 
liability are taken into account in determining those cash 
flows and are not included in determining the discount rate.

disposal date – The date on which control in respect of 
subsidiaries, joint arrangements and significant influence in 
associates ceases.

fair value – The price that would be received to sell an 
asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction 
between market participants at the measurement date.

financial results – Comprise the financial position (assets, 
liabilities and equity), results of operations (revenue and 
expenses) and cash flows of an entity and of the group.

foreign operation – An entity whose activities are based or 
conducted in a country or currency other than that of the 
reporting entity.

functional currency – The currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates.

group – The group comprises Sappi Limited, its subsidiaries 
and its interest in joint ventures and associates.

joint arrangement – Is an arrangement of which two or 
more parties have joint control.

joint venture – Is a joint arrangement whereby the parties 
that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the 
net assets of the arrangement.

operation – A component of the group:
 • That represents a separate major line of business or 
geographical area of operation that is distinguished 
separately for financial and operating purposes.

operating profit – A profit from business operations before 
deduction of net finance costs and taxes.

presentation currency – The currency in which the 
financial results of an entity are presented.

qualifying asset – An asset that necessarily takes a 
substantial period (normally in excess of six months) to get 
ready for its intended use.

recoverable amount – The recoverable amount of an asset 
or cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less 
costs of disposal and its value in use. In determining the 
value in use, expected future cash flows are discounted to 
their net present values using the discount rate.

related party – Parties are considered to be related if one 
party directly or indirectly has the ability to control the other 
party or exercise significant influence over the other party in 
making financial and operating decisions or is a member of 
the key management of Sappi Limited.

share based payment – A transaction in which Sappi 
Limited issues shares or share options to group employees 
as compensation for services rendered.

significant influence – Is the power to participate in the 
financial and operating policy decisions of an entity but is not 
control or joint control of those policies.

(cid:53)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:20)(cid:46)(cid:40)(cid:40)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:196)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:91)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:85)(cid:90)
The group believes that it is useful to report certain 
non-GAAP measures for the following reasons:
 • These measures are used by the group for internal 

performance analysis

 • The presentation by the group’s reported business 

segments of these measures facilitates comparability 
with other companies in our industry, although the group’s 
measures may not be comparable with similarly titled 
profit measurements reported by other companies, and

 • It is useful in connection with discussion with the 

investment analyst community and debt rating agencies. 
These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in 
isolation or construed as a substitute for GAAP measures 
in accordance with IFRS.

asset turnover (times) – Sales divided by total assets.

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GLOSSARY continued

average – Averages are calculated as the sum of the 
opening and closing balances for the relevant period divided 
by two.

black economic empowerment (BEE) charge – 
Represents the IFRS 2 non-cash charge associated with 
the BEE transaction implemented in 2010 in terms of BEE 
legislation in South Africa.

capital employed – Shareholders’ equity plus net debt.

cash interest cover – Cash generated by operations 
divided by finance costs less finance revenue.

current asset ratio – Current assets divided by current 
liabilities.

dividend yield – Dividends per share, which were declared 
after year-end, in US cents divided by the financial year-end 
closing prices on the JSE Limited converted to US cents 
using the closing financial year-end exchange rate.

earnings yield – Earnings per share divided by the financial 
year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited converted to 
US cents using the closing financial year-end exchange rate.

EBITDA excluding special items – Earnings before 
interest (net finance costs), taxation, depreciation, 
amortisation and special items.

EPS excluding special items – Earnings per share 
excluding special items and certain once-off finance and 
tax items.

fellings – The amount charged against the income 
statement representing the standing value of the plantations 
harvested.

GAAP – Generally accepted accounting principles.

headline earnings – As defined in Circular 4/2018, issued 
by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants in 
April 2018, which separates from earnings all separately 
identifiable remeasurements. It is not necessarily a measure 
of sustainable earnings. It is a Listings Requirement of the 
JSE Limited to disclose headline earnings per share.

inventory turnover (times) – Cost of sales divided by 
inventory on hand at balance sheet date.

net assets – Total assets less total liabilities.

net asset value per share – Net assets divided by the 
number of shares in issue at balance sheet date.

net cash (utilised) generated – Cash flows from operating 
activities less cash flows from investing activities.

net debt – Current and non-current interest-bearing 
borrowings, and bank overdraft (net of cash, cash 
equivalents and short-term deposits).

net debt to total capitalisation – Net debt divided by 
capital employed.

net operating assets – Total assets (excluding deferred 
taxation and cash and cash equivalents) less current 
liabilities (excluding interest-bearing borrowings and 
overdraft).

ordinary dividend cover – Profit for the period divided by 
the ordinary dividend declared, multiplied by the actual 
number of shares in issue at year-end.

ordinary shareholders’ interest per share – 
Shareholders’ equity divided by the actual number of shares 
in issue at year-end.

price/earnings ratio – The financial year-end closing prices 
on the JSE Limited converted to US cents using the closing 
financial year-end exchange rate divided by earnings per 
share.

revolving credit facility (RCF) – A variable line of credit 
used by public and private businesses.

ROCE – Return on average capital employed. Operating 
profit excluding special items divided by average capital 
employed.

ROE – Return on average equity. Profit for the period divided 
by average shareholders’ equity.

RONOA – Return on average net operating assets. 
Operating profit excluding special items divided by average 
net operating assets.

SG&A – Selling, general and administrative expenses.

special items – Special items cover those items which 
management believe are material by nature or amount to 
the operating results and require separate disclosure. Such 
items would generally include profit or loss on disposal of 
property, investments and businesses, asset impairments, 
restructuring charges, non-recurring integration costs related 
to acquisitions, financial impacts of natural disasters, 
non-cash gains or losses on the price fair value adjustment 
of plantations and alternative fuel tax credits receivable 
in cash.

total market capitalisation – Ordinary number of shares in 
issue (excluding treasury shares held by the group) multiplied 
by the financial year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited 
converted to US cents using the closing financial year-end 
exchange rate.

total shareholder return (TSR) – A measure of the 
performance of different companies’ stocks and shares over 
time. It combines share price appreciation and dividends 
paid to show the total return to the shareholder expressed 
as an annualised percentage.

trade receivables days outstanding (including 
securitised balances) – Gross trade receivables, including 
receivables securitised, divided by sales multiplied by the 
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NOTICE TO
SHAREHOLDERS

Notice of Annual General Meeting
This document is important and requires your 
immediate attention.

If you are in any doubt as to what action you should take, 
please consult your stockbroker, banker, attorney, 
accountant or other professional advisor immediately.

Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
(Sappi or the Company)

The eighty-third Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Sappi 
will be held at Sappi’s registered office, in the Oxford Room, 
Ground Floor, 108 Oxford Road (entrance on Ninth Street), 
Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, 2198, Republic of South 
Africa on Wednesday, 05 February 2020 at 14:00. The 
following business will be transacted and, if deemed fit, the 
following resolutions will be passed with or without 
modification.

The record date on which shareholders must be recorded 
as such in the register maintained by the transfer secretaries 
of the company for the purposes of determining which 
shareholders are entitled to attend and vote at the AGM is 
Friday, 31 January 2020.

1.  Ordinary resolution number 1: Presentation of 

annual financial statements

Ordinary resolution number 1 is proposed to present 
the Group Annual Financial Statements of the company 
for the year ended September 2019, including the 
Directors’ Report, the Report of the Auditors and the 
Report of the Audit and Risk Committee.

Summarised financial information is contained in the 
Financial Officer’s Report of the Annual Integrated 
Report (see page 
Financial Statements for the year ended September 
2019 are available on the Sappi website: 
www.sappi.com/2019AFS  

 80). The complete Group Annual 

“Resolved that the Group Annual Financial Statements 
for the year ended September 2019 of the company, 
including the Directors’ Report, the Report of the 
auditors and the Report of the Audit and Risk 
Committee, be and are hereby received and accepted.”

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support 
of more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

2.  Ordinary resolution number 2: Approval and 
confirmation of appointment of directors 
appointed subsequent to the last AGM and 
subsequent to the financial year-end

Ordinary resolution number 2.1

“Resolved that the appointment of Mr BR Beamish with 
effect from 01 March 2019 is approved and confirmed 
as required in terms of Sappi’s Memorandum of 
Incorporation.”

Ordinary resolution number 2.2

“Resolved that the appointment of Mr JM Lopez with 
effect from 01 March 2019 is approved and confirmed 
as required in terms of Sappi’s Memorandum of 
Incorporation.”

Ordinary resolution number 2.3

“Resolved that the appointment of Ms JE Stipp with 
effect from 01 June 2019 is approved and confirmed 
as required in terms of Sappi’s Memorandum of 
Incorporation.”

The board recommends and supports the approval 
and confirmation of the appointment of Mr BR Beamish, 
Mr JM Lopez and Ms JE Stipp. For their brief 
biographical details, see note 1 in Notice to 
shareholders on page 

 162.

In order for these resolutions to be adopted, the support 
of more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution, is required.

3.  Ordinary resolutions numbers 3.1 to 3.2: Re-

election of the directors retiring by rotation in 
terms of Sappi’s Memorandum of Incorporation

The board has evaluated the performances of each 
of the directors who are retiring by rotation and 
recommends and supports the re-election of each of 
them. For brief biographical details of those directors, 
refer to note 2 in Notice to shareholders on page 

 162.

It is intended that all the directors who retire by rotation 
will, if possible, attend the AGM, either in person or by 
means of video-conferencing.

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NOTICE TO
SHAREHOLDERS continued

In order for these resolutions to be adopted, in each 
case the support of more than 50% of the voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or 
represented by proxy at the AGM and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution is required:

Ordinary resolution number 3.1

“Resolved that Mr MA Fallon is re-elected as a director 
of Sappi.”

Ordinary resolution number 3.2

“Resolved that Mr NP Mageza is re-elected as a director 
of Sappi.”

Ordinary resolution number 3.3

“Resolved that Dr B Mehlomakulu is re-elected as a 
director of Sappi.”

Ordinary resolution number 3.4

“Resolved that Mr GT Pearce is re-elected as a director 
of Sappi.”

4.  Ordinary resolution number 4: Election of Audit 

and Risk Committee members

Ordinary resolution number 4 is proposed to elect the 
members of the Audit and Risk Committee in terms of 
section 94(2) of the South African Companies Act, 71 of 
2008 (as amended) (the Companies Act) and the King IV 
Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa 2016 
(King IV).

Section 94 of the Companies Act requires that, at each 
AGM, shareholders of the company must elect an Audit 
and Risk Committee comprising of at least three 
members.

The Nomination and Governance Committee assessed 
the performance and independence of each of the 
directors proposed to be members of the Audit and Risk 
Committee and the board considered and accepted the 
findings of the Nomination and Governance Committee. 
The board is satisfied that the proposed members meet 
the requirements of section 94(4) of the Companies Act, 
that they are independent according to King IV and that 
they possess the required qualifications and experience 
as prescribed in regulation 42 of the Companies 
Regulations, 2011, which requires that at least one-third 
of the members of a company’s Audit and Risk 
Committee at any particular time must have academic 
qualifications or experience in economics, law, 
corporate governance, finance, accounting, commerce, 
industry, public affairs or human resource management.

Brief biographical details of each member of the Audit 
and Risk Committee are included in the biographies of 
all directors contained under Our leadership of the 
Annual Integrated Report (see page 

 104).

“Resolved that an Audit and Risk Committee be and is 
hereby elected, by separate election to the committee of 
the following independent directors:
4.1  Mr NP Mageza 
4.2  Mrs ZN Malinga 
4.3  Dr B Mehlomakulu  
4.4  Mr RJAM Renders  
4.5  Ms JE Stipp 

Chairman*
Member
Member*
Member
Member** 

in terms of the Companies Act, to hold office until the 
conclusion of the next AGM and to perform the duties 
and responsibilities stipulated in section 94(7) of the 
Companies Act and in King IV and to perform such 
other duties and responsibilities as may from time to 
time be delegated to it by the board.”

In order for these resolutions to be adopted, the support 
in each case of more than 50% of the voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or 
represented by proxy at the AGM and entitled to 
exercise voting rights on the resolution is required.

* 

 Subject to his/her re-election as a director pursuant to ordinary 
resolution number 3.2 and 3.3, respectively.

**   Subject to her confirmation as a director pursuant to ordinary 

resolution number 2.3.

5.  Ordinary resolution number 5: Appointment of 

auditors

The board has evaluated the performance of KPMG Inc. 
and recommends their reappointment as auditors of 
Sappi.

“Resolved that KPMG Inc. (with the designated 
registered auditor to be Mr Coenie Basson) be 
reappointed as the auditors of Sappi for the financial 
year ending September 2020 and to remain in office 
until the conclusion of the next AGM.”

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support of 
more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.  Ordinary resolution number 6: Authority from 

shareholders

In March 2005, shareholders approved the maximum 
allocation of shares allowed under The Sappi Limited 
Share Incentive Trust (the scheme) and The Sappi 
Limited Performance Share Incentive Trust (the plan). 
Sappi intends liquidating the Scheme but believes that 
the plan is an effective long-term incentive plan for 
employees. Over the last 14 years, since the approved 
maximum allocation for the scheme and the plan, the 
shares originally allocated for these purposes have 
almost been utilised, and the company wishes to seek 
the requisite approval and authority from shareholders 
for 27,402,673 ordinary shares, being 5% of the issued 
shares of the company at the date of the passing of this 
resolution, to be set aside for the purposes of the plan 
in order to settle obligations to employees under the 
plan in the years ahead. The plan document is available 
for inspection by shareholders during normal business 
hours at the company’s registered office until 
05 February 2020.

“Resolved that, from the date of the passing of this 
resolution, the maximum number of ordinary shares 
which may be allocated and issued or acquired in 
respect of which shares may be granted to employees 
of the company under The Sappi Limited Performance 
Share Incentive Trust (the plan) (excluding any broad-
based ownership schemes replacing the Sappi 
ESOP Trust and the Sappi MSOP Trust) be set at 
27,402,673 ordinary shares, which constitutes 5% of 
the total issued shares of the company at the date of 
the passing of this resolution.”

The percentage of voting rights required for ordinary 
resolution number 6 to be adopted is 75% (seventy-five 
percent) majority of the votes.

7.  Ordinary resolution number 7: The provision of 
Sappi Limited shares as required by the Sappi 
Limited Performance Share Incentive Trust

The passing of resolution number 7 will enable the 
directors to continue to meet the share requirements of 
The Sappi Limited Performance Share Incentive Trust 
(the plan), which is already in place and is subject to the 
Listings Requirements of the JSE Limited (JSE). 

“Resolved that, subject to the passing of ordinary 
resolution number 7, 27,402,673 ordinary shares 
required for the purposes of carrying out the terms of 
the plan be and are hereby specifically placed under the 
control of the directors who are hereby authorised to 
issue and deal with those shares in terms of the rules of 
the plan.”

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support 
of more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

8.  Ordinary resolution number 8: Remuneration 

policy

“Resolved as an ordinary resolution, that the company’s 
remuneration policy as contained under Remuneration 
Report of the Annual Integrated Report (see page 
126), be and is hereby endorsed by way of a non-
binding advisory vote.”

This non-binding advisory vote is being proposed in 
accordance with the recommendations of King IV.

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support of 
more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

9.  Ordinary resolution number 9: Remuneration 

implementation report

“Resolved as an ordinary resolution, that the company’s 
remuneration implementation report under 
Remuneration Report of the Annual Integrated Report 
(see page 
a non-binding advisory vote.”

 133), be and is hereby endorsed by way of 

This further non-binding advisory vote is being proposed 
in accordance with the recommendations of King IV.

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support of 
more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

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NOTICE TO
SHAREHOLDERS continued

10.  Special resolution number 1: Non-executive directors’ fees

“Resolved that, with effect from 01 October 2019 and until otherwise determined by Sappi in general meeting, the 
remuneration of the non-executive directors for their services shall be increased as follows:

Fee structure

1. Sappi board fees1
Chairperson
If United Kingdom resident

Lead independent director
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident

Other directors
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident

2. Audit and Risk Committee fees1

Chairperson
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident

Other directors
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident

From

To

£315,210

£319,9402

ZAR644,790
£69,030
US$103,950
€92,120

 ZAR674,450
 £70,070
 US$105,820
 €93,500

ZAR430,930
£45,980
US$69,290
€61,370

 ZAR450,750
 £46,670
 US$70,540
 €62,290

ZAR447,470  ZAR468,050
 £47,390
 US$73,060
 €63,240

£46,690
US$71,770
€62,310

ZAR223,740
£23,480
US$35,050
€31,320

 ZAR234,030
 £23,830
 US$35,680
 €31,790

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3. Human Resources and Compensation Committee, Nomination and Governance 
Committee, Social, Ethics, Sustainability and Transformation Committee and 
any other committee fees1
Chairperson
If South African resident 
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident
Other directors
If South African resident
If United Kingdom resident
If United States of America resident
If European resident

4. Additional meeting fees for board meetings in excess of five meetings per 
annum whether attended in person or by teleconference/video-conference
If South African resident

If United Kingdom resident

If United States of America resident

If European resident

5. Travel compensation 

(applicable to long-haul flights with a duration of at least 10 hours)
If South African resident

If United Kingdom resident

If United States of America resident

If European resident

From

To

ZAR269,030
£27,740
US$41,010
€37,010

ZAR281,400
£28,160
US$41,750
€37,570

ZAR140,010
£19,440
US$25,050
€25,940

ZAR146,450
£19,730
US$25,500
€26,330

ZAR43,200 
per meeting
£4,560 
per meeting
US$6,930 
per meeting
€6,080 
per meeting

ZAR45,190
per meeting
£4,630 
per meeting
US$7,050 
per meeting
€6,170 
per meeting

US$3,700 
per meeting
US$3,700 
per meeting
US$3,700 
per meeting
US$3,700 
per meeting

US$3,800 
per meeting
US$3,800 
per meeting
US$3,800 
per meeting
US$3,800 
per meeting

1   Fees per annum unless otherwise indicated.
2   Inclusive of all board committee fees. If a future chairperson is not United Kingdom domiciled, appropriate benchmark information in relation to his/her 

domicile will be used to determine fees payable.

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160

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NOTICE TO
SHAREHOLDERS continued

Sappi’s practice, as recorded previously, is to review 
directors’ fees annually. Special resolution number 1 
increases the remuneration currently paid to non-
executive directors and board committee members by 
between approximately 1.5% and 4.6% per annum 
depending generally on the domicile of the directors 
and the currency in which they are paid, with effect from 
01 October 2019. The fees were last increased with 
effect from 01 October 2018 and have been reviewed 
to ensure that Sappi’s fees remain generally comparable 
with those of its peer companies in the various countries 
in which its directors are domiciled.

The review also takes into account that the responsibility 
of non-executive directors continues to increase 
substantially flowing from legislative, regulatory and 
corporate governance developments and requirements 
in South Africa and elsewhere.

Non-executive directors’ fees are paid quarterly (in 
March, June, September and December each year) and 
the proposed increase, if approved, will be applicable to 
payments to be made in December 2019 onwards. 
Initially the December 2019 payment will be made on 
the basis of the existing fee structure, and following 
shareholder approval of the proposed increases, the 
shortfall in the December 2019 payment will be made 
up in the March 2020 payment.

The practice has been and will continue to be that 
directors’ fees and board committee fees are paid to 
non-executive directors only.

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support 
of at least 75% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

either for the specific recipient or generally for a category 
of potential recipients and the specific recipient falls 
within that category.

“Resolved that the directors of the company be and are 
hereby authorised, in accordance with the Companies 
Act, to authorise the company to provide direct or 
indirect financial assistance to any company or 
corporation which is related or inter-related to the 
company.”

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support 
of at least 75% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

12.  Ordinary resolution number 10: Signature of 

documents

“Resolved that any director of Sappi is authorised to 
sign all such documents and do all such things as may 
be necessary for or incidental to the implementation of 
the resolutions passed at the AGM held on 05 February 
2020 or any adjournment thereof.”

In order for this resolution to be adopted, the support 
of more than 50% of the voting rights exercised on the 
resolution by shareholders present or represented by 
proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights 
on the resolution is required.

13.  To receive a report from the Social, Ethics, 

Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) 
Committee 

Shareholders are referred to the Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) Committee 
Report in the Annual Integrated Report (see 
page 

 142).

11.  Special resolution number 2: Loans or other 

Proxies

financial assistance to related or inter-related 
companies

The Companies Act provides, among other things, 
that, except to the extent that the Memorandum of 
Incorporation of a company provides otherwise, the 
board may authorise the company to provide direct or 
indirect financial assistance (which includes lending 
money, guaranteeing a loan or other obligation and 
securing any debt or obligation) to a related or inter-
related company or corporation, provided that such 
authorisation shall be made pursuant to a special 
resolution of the shareholders adopted within the 
previous two years, which approved such assistance 

Shareholders are entitled to appoint one or more proxies to 
attend, speak and on a poll to vote in their stead. A proxy 
need not be a shareholder. For the convenience of 
shareholders, a form of proxy is enclosed.

The attached form of proxy is only to be completed by 
shareholders who hold Sappi shares in certificated form or 
have dematerialised their shares (ie have replaced the paper 
share certificates with electronic records of ownership under 
JSE’s electronic settlement system (Strate Limited) and are 
recorded in the sub-register in ‘own name’ dematerialised 
form (ie shareholders who have specifically instructed their 
Central Securities Depositary Participant (CSDP) or broker to 
hold their shares in their own name on Sappi’s sub-register).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Questions

The board encourages shareholders to attend and to ask 
questions at the AGM. In order to facilitate the answering of 
questions at the meeting, shareholders who wish to ask 
questions in advance are encouraged to submit their 
questions in writing to the Group Company Secretary by 
17:00 on Friday, 31 January 2020 at:

108 Oxford Road
Houghton Estate
Johannesburg, 2198
South Africa

or

PO Box 52264
Saxonwold, 2132
South Africa

or

By email to Ami.Mahendranath@sappi.com
Secretaries: per A Mahendranath

Group Company Secretary

Sappi Southern Africa Limited
108 Oxford Road
Houghton Estate
Johannesburg, 2198
South Africa

06 December 2019

Shareholders who have dematerialised their shares and who 
are not registered as ‘own name’ dematerialised 
shareholders and who wish to:
 • attend the AGM must instruct their CSDP or brokers to 

provide them with a letter of representation to enable them 
to attend such meeting, or

 • vote, but not to attend the AGM, must provide their 

CSDPs or brokers with their voting instructions in terms of 
the relevant custody agreement between them and their 
CSDPs or brokers.

Such a shareholder must not complete the attached form of 
proxy.

When authorised to do so, CSDPs or brokers recorded in 
Sappi’s sub-register or their nominees should vote either by 
appointing a duly authorised representative to attend and 
vote at the AGM to be held on 05 February 2020 or any 
adjournment thereof or by completing the attached form 
of proxy and returning it to one of the addresses indicated 
on the form of proxy in accordance with the instructions 
thereon.

Electronic participation by shareholders

 164), to be received by the 

Should any shareholder (or any proxy for a shareholder) wish 
to participate in the AGM by way of electronic participation, 
that shareholder should make application in writing (including 
details as to how the shareholder or the shareholder’s 
representative or proxy, can be contacted) to so participate 
to the transfer secretaries, at their address as reflected under 
Administration (see page 
transfer secretaries at least five business days prior to the 
AGM in order for the transfer secretaries to arrange for the 
shareholder (or the shareholder’s representative or proxy) to 
provide reasonably satisfactory identification to the transfer 
secretaries for the purposes of section 63(1) of the 
Companies Act and for the transfer secretaries to provide 
the shareholder (or the shareholder’s representative or proxy) 
with details as to how to access any electronic participation 
to be provided. The company reserves the right to elect not 
to provide for electronic participation at the AGM in the event 
that it determines that it is not practical to do so. The costs 
of accessing any means of electronic participation provided 
by the company will be borne by the company.

It should be noted, however, that voting will not be possible 
via the electronic facilities and for shareholders wishing to 
vote, their shares will need to be represented at the meeting 
either in person, by proxy or by letter of representation, as 
provided for in the notice of meeting.

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NOTICE TO
SHAREHOLDERS continued

Notes
1.  Approval and confirmation of appointment of 

directors appointed since the last AGM and 
subsequent to the year-end

  Mr Lopez is currently the Co-Chairman of the Bi-
National Softwood Lumber Council. Previous 
chairmanships included the Softwood Lumber Board, 
Forest products Innovation and Ontario Forest Products 
Association. 

Brian Richard Beamish (Brian) (62)
(Independent)

Qualifications: BSc (Mech Eng): HBS PMD

Nationality: British and South African

Appointed: March 2019

Sappi board committee memberships
 •  Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 

Committee 

 • Human Resources and Compensation Committee 

Other board and organisation memberships
 • Nordgold (member of the Audit and Risk Committee 

and Remuneration Committee, as well as Chairman of 
the Safety and Sustainable Development Committee)

 • Sita Capital Global Mining Opportunities Fund 

(Associate Partner)

Skills, expertise and experience

  Mr Beamish, a qualified mechanical engineer with over 
40 years of relevant management, business and 
leadership experience in capital intensive industries. He 
was appointed to the Lonmin Board in 2013 and served 
as Chairman from May 2014 until June 2019 when the 
corporate action with Sibanye-Stillwater completed. He 
also served as Chair of the Nomination Committee and 
as a member of the Remuneration and Safety, Health 
and Environment Committees. His senior executive 
career was spent within Anglo American, where his final 
role until retirement was that of Group Director Mining 
and Technology, before he was the CEO of the Base 
Metals Division.

James Michael Lopez (Jim) (59)
(Independent)

Qualifications: BA (Economics)

Nationality: American

Appointed: March 2019

Janice Elaine Stipp (Janice) (60)
(Independent)

Qualifications: BA (Accounting) MBA

Nationality: American

Appointed: June 2019

Sappi board committee memberships
 • Audit and Risk Committee

Other board and organisation memberships
 • ArcBest Corp (Chairperson of the Audit Committee)
 • Commercial Vehicle Group Inc.
 • NN Inc.

Skills, expertise and experience:

  Ms Stipp retired from Rogers Corporation in 2018 where 
she served as Senior Vice-President (2017 – 2018), 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from 2015. Prior to 
that, Ms Stipp was employed at several companies in 
senior financial positions, including Tecumseh Products, 
Acument Global Technologies, GDX Automotive and 
TI Group Automotive Systems. Ms Stipp holds a 
Bachelor’s degree in Accounting from Michigan State 
University and a Master of Business Administration from 
Wayne State University. She is a Certified Public 
Accountant and a Chartered Global Management 
Accountant.

  Ms Stipp is currently non-executive director and Chair of 

the Audit Committee of ArcBest Corporation.

2.  Directors retiring by rotation who are seeking 

re-election

  Michael Anthony Fallon (Mike) (61)

(Independent)

Qualifications: BSc (Hons) (first class)

Nationality: British

Appointed: September 2011

Sappi board committee memberships
 • Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 

Committee

Skills, expertise and experience

  Mr Lopez is the former President and CEO of Tembec 

Inc (2006 – 2017) having progressed through 
management, senior management and executive 
positions within Tembec since 1989. In 2017 Mr Lopez 
successfully negotiated the sale of Tembec Inc., a 
manufacturer of lumber, pulp, paper/paperboard and 
specialty cellulose and a global leader in sustainable 
forest management practices.

Sappi board committee memberships
 • Human Resources and Compensation Committee 

(Chairman)

 • Audit and Risk Committee (until 31 December 2019)
 • Nomination and Governance Committee (appointed 

from 01 January 2020)

Skills, expertise and experience

  Mr Fallon retired as an executive director of Nippon 

Sheet Glass Company Limited (NSG Group) at the end 
of June 2012. Prior to retirement, Mr Fallon was 
President of NSG’s Global Automotive Division, with 
17,500 employees, heading up all the glass and glazing 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
operations in the key automotive regions across the 
world. With annual sales of around €6 billion, the NSG 
Group is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of 
glass and glazing products for the building, automotive 
and speciality glass sectors. His management and 
leadership experience extend across a wide range of 
functions from plant management, sales and marketing 
and supply chain to general management, including 
mergers and acquisition experience.

During his 30-year career in a highly competitive industry 
he held a wide range of roles, including President of 
Pilkington operations in North America and has been 
director and chairman of companies in the United 
Kingdom, New Zealand and Finland. In his last four 
years at NSG he was both a main board director and 
leader of their Global Automotive Division. He was 
responsible for leading and developing the strategic 
direction and ultimately the performance and 
governance of this business. His leadership and 
experience covered all aspects of the business, from 
its research and development, sales and marketing, 
30 manufacturing sites, supply chain, including 
150 warehouses and distribution centres, purchasing, 
human resources and finance.

Nkateko Peter Mageza (Peter) (64)
(Independent)

Qualifications: FCCA (United Kingdom)

Nationality: South African

Appointed: January 2010

Sappi board committee memberships
 • Audit and Risk Committee (Chairman)
 • Human Resources and Compensation Committee

Other board and organisation memberships
 • Anglo American Platinum Limited
 • Ethos Private Equity Proprietary Limited (Chairman)
 • RCL Foods Limited
 • Remgro Limited
 • MTN Group Limited

Skills, expertise and experience

  Mr Mageza joined the Sappi board after having held 
senior executive positions across a wide range of 
industries. He is a former Group Chief Operating Officer 
and executive director of Absa Group Limited, Assistant 
General Manager at Nedcor Limited and Chief Executive 
Officer of Autonet, the Road Passenger and Freight 
Logistics division of Transnet Limited.

Dr Bonakele Mehlomakulu (Boni) (46) 
(Independent)

Qualifications: PhD (Chemical Engineering)

Nationality: South African

Appointed: March 2017

Sappi board committee memberships
 • Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 

Committee

 • Audit and Risk Committee (appointed from 

01 January 2020)

Other board and organisation memberships
Hulamin Limited
Yokogawa South Africa
Ububanzi Investments Proprietary Limited
Renewable Energy Systems Proprietary Limited
The Imp Proprietary Limited

Skills, expertise and experience
Dr Boni Mehlomakulu holds a PhD in Chemical 
Engineering from the University of Cape Town. Her 
career started at Sasol before joining the Department 
of Science and Technology occupying various 
management roles. Her recent executive role was a 
Chief Executive Officer of the South African Bureau of 
Standards (SABS), the position she held for nine years. 
In addition to her non-executive directorship at Sappi 
Limited, her portfolio includes non-executive director 
of Hulamin Limited and Yokagawa South Africa. She is 
currently managing a portfolio of acquisitions and 
investments in various industry sectors as a shareholder 
in Ububanzi Investments Proprietary Limited, Renewable 
Energy Systems Proprietary Limited and The Imp 
Proprietary Limited. Her past directorships include 
PBMR Proprietary Limited, Nuclear Energy Corporation 
of South Africa (Necsa), Eskom Holdings SOC Limited 
and the Technology Innovation Agency (TIA), as well as 
having served as the Deputy Chair of Unisa Council and 
a country representative on the Council of International 
Standards Organisation (ISO, Geneva).

Glen Thomas Pearce (56)
(Chief Financial Officer)

Qualifications: BCom, BCom (Hons), CA(SA)

Nationality: South African

Appointed: July 2014

Sappi board committee memberships
Expected to attend Audit and Risk Committee meetings 
by invitation

Skills, expertise and experience

  Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in June 1997 as Financial 
Manager and subsequently held various senior finance 
roles in South Africa and in Belgium before being 
promoted to Chief Financial Officer and executive director 
of Sappi Limited in July 2014. Prior to joining Sappi, he 
worked at Murray & Roberts Limited from 1992 to 1996.

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SHAREHOLDERS’
DIARY

Annual General Meeting

First quarter results released

Second quarter and half-year results released

Third quarter results released

Financial year-end

Preliminary fourth quarter and year results 

Annual Integrated Report posted to shareholders and posted on website

05 February 2020

February 2020

May 2020

August 2020

September 2020

November 2020

December 2020

Sappi Limited
Registration number: 1936/008963/06
JSE code: SAP
ISIN: ZAE 000006284

Group Company Secretary

Ami Mahendranath

Secretaries

Sappi Southern Africa Limited
108 Oxford Road
Houghton Estate
Johannesburg, 2198
South Africa

PO Box 52264
Saxonwold, 2132
South Africa

Tel +27 (0)11 407 8464
Ami.Mahendranath@sappi.com
www.sappi.com  

ADMINISTRATION

Transfer secretaries

JSE sponsor

Computershare Investor Services 
Proprietary Limited
Rosebank Towers
15 Biermann Avenue
Rosebank, 2196
South Africa

PO Box 61051
Marshalltown, 2107
South Africa

Tel +27 (0)11 370 5000
Fax +27 (0)11 688 5238
proxy@computershare.co.za
www.computershare.com  

Corporate affairs

André Oberholzer
Group Head Corporate Affairs
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8044
Andre.Oberholzer@sappi.com

Investor relations

Graeme Wild
Group Head Investor Relations and 
Sustainability
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8391
Graeme.Wild@sappi.com

UBS South Africa Proprietary Limited
64 Wierda Road East
Sandton, 2196
South Africa

PO Box 652863
Benmore, 2010
South Africa

Tel +27 (0)11 322 7000
Fax +27 (0)11 784 8280

United States ADR depositary

BNY Mellon Shareowner Services
PO Box 505000
Louisville, KY 40233-5000
United States of America

462 South 4th Street
Suite 1600
Louisville, KY 40202
United States of America

shrrelations@cpushareownerservices.com
www.mybnymdr.com  

 
 
 
 
 
 
PROXY FORM FOR THE
ANNUAL GENERAL 
MEETING

Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
(Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa)
(Sappi or the Company)
Issuer code: SAP
JSE code: SAP
ISIN: ZAE000006284
For use by shareholders who:
 • hold shares in certificated form; or
 • hold dematerialised shares (ie where the paper share certificates representing the shares have been replaced with electronic records of ownership under the electronic 

settlement and depositary system (Strate Limited of the JSE Limited) and are recorded in Sappi’s sub-register with own name registration (ie shareholders who have specifically 
instructed their Central Securities Depository Participant (CSDP) to record the holding of their shares in their own name in Sappi’s sub-register).

If you are unable to attend the eighty-third Annual General Meeting of the members to be held at 14:00 on Wednesday, 05 February 2020 at Sappi in the Oxford Room, Ground 
Floor, 108 Oxford Road (entrance on Ninth Street), Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, 2198, Republic of South Africa, you should complete and return the form of proxy as soon 
as possible, but in any event to be received by not later than 14:00 South African time on Monday, 03 February 2020, to Sappi’s transfer secretaries, Computershare Investor 
Services Proprietary Limited, by way of hand delivery to Rosebank Towers, 15 Biermann Avenue, Rosebank, 2196, Republic of South Africa or by way of postal delivery to 
PO Box 61051, Marshalltown, 2107, Republic of South Africa or handed to the chairman of the Annual General Meeting before the appointed proxy exercises any of the relevant 
shareholder’s rights.
Shareholders who have dematerialised their shares and who do not have own name registration and wish to attend the Annual General Meeting, must instruct their CSDP or 
broker to provide them with the relevant letter of representation to enable them to attend such meeting, or, alternatively, should they wish to vote, but not to attend the Annual 
General Meeting, they must provide their CSDP or broker with their voting instructions in terms of the relevant custody agreement entered into between them and the CSDP 
or broker. Such shareholders must not complete this form of proxy.
I/We
of
being a shareholder(s) of Sappi holding 
or failing him/her
or failing him/her
or failing him/her, the chairman of the meeting as my/our proxy to attend and speak and, on a poll, to vote for me/us on the resolutions to be proposed (with or without 
modification) at the Annual General Meeting of Sappi to be held at 14:00 on Wednesday, 05 February 2020 or any adjournment thereof, as follows:

Sappi shares and entitled to vote at the abovementioned Annual General Meeting, appoint

Number of shares

For

Against Abstain

Ordinary resolution number 1 – Receipt and acceptance of 2019 Annual Financial Statements, including Directors’ Report, Auditors’ Report and 
Audit and Risk Committee Report
Ordinary resolution number 2 – Approval and confirmation of appointment of directors appointed subsequent to the last AGM and subsequent to 
the financial year-end
Ordinary resolution number 2.1 – Approval and confirmation of appointment of Mr BR Beamish as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 2.2 – Approval and confirmation of appointment of Mr JM Lopez as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 2.3 – Approval and confirmation of appointment of Ms JE Stipp as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 3 – Re-election of directors retiring by rotation in terms of Sappi’s Memorandum of Incorporation1
Ordinary resolution number 3.1 – Re-election of Mr MA Fallon as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 3.2 – Re-election of Mr NP Mageza as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 3.3 – Re-election of Dr B Mehlomakulu as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 3.4 – Re-election of Mr GT Pearce as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 4 – Election of Audit and Risk Committee members
Ordinary resolution number 4.1 – Election of Mr NP Mageza as member and chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 4.2 – Election of Mrs ZN Malinga as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 4.3 – Election of Dr B Mehlomakulu as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee2
Ordinary resolution number 4.4 – Election of Mr RJAM Renders as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 4.5 – Election of Ms JE Stipp as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee3
Ordinary resolution number 5 – Reappointment of KPMG Inc. as auditors of Sappi for the year ending September 2020 and until the next Annual 
General Meeting of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 6 – Authority from shareholders for the maximum number of ordinary shares which may be utilised under the plan. 
Ordinary resolution number 7 – Authority from shareholders to place the ordinary shares required for the purposes of the plan under the control of 
the directors
Ordinary resolution number 8 – Non-binding endorsement of remuneration policy
Ordinary resolution number 9 – Non-binding endorsement of remuneration implementation report
Special resolution number 1 – Increase in non-executive directors’ fees
Special resolution number 2 – Authority for loans or other financial assistance to related or inter-related companies or corporations
Ordinary resolution number 10 – Authority for directors to sign all documents and do all such things necessary to implement the above resolutions
1 See notes in Notice to shareholders on page   155.
2 Subject to her re-election as a director pursuant to ordinary resolution 3.3 above.
3 Subject to her appointment under ordinary resolution number 2.3 above.

Insert X in the appropriate block if you wish to vote all your shares in the same manner. If not, insert the number of votes in the appropriate block. If no indication is given, the 
proxy will vote as he/she thinks fit.

Signed at   
Assisted by me (where applicable)

on

Each shareholder is entitled to appoint one or more proxies (who need not be shareholders of Sappi) to attend, speak, and on a poll, vote in place of that shareholder at the 
Annual General Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

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166

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NOTES TO THE
FORM OF PROXY

The form of proxy must only be used by certificated 
shareholders or shareholders who hold dematerialised 
shares with own name registration. Other shareholders are 
reminded that the onus is on them to communicate with 
their CSDP or broker.

7. 

If the signatory does not indicate in the appropriate 
place on the face hereof how he/she wishes to vote in 
respect of a particular resolution, his/her proxy shall be 
entitled to vote as he/she deems fit in respect of that 
resolution.

Instructions on signing and lodging the 
Annual General Meeting proxy form
1.  A deletion of any printed matter (only where a 

shareholder is allowed to choose between more than 
one alternative option) and the completion of any blank 
spaces need not be signed or initialled. Any alteration 
must be signed, not initialled.

2.  The chairman shall be entitled to decline to accept the 

authority of the signatory:
2.1  under a power of attorney, or
2.2  on behalf of a company,

if the power of attorney or authority has not been lodged 
at the offices of the company’s transfer secretaries, 
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited, 
Rosebank Towers, 15 Biermann Avenue, Rosebank, 
2196, Republic of South Africa or posted to PO Box 
61051, Marshalltown, 2107, Republic of South Africa.

3.  The signatory may insert the name(s) of any person(s) 

whom the signatory wishes to appoint as his/her proxy 
in the blank spaces provided for that purpose.

4.  When there are joint holders of shares and if more than 
one of such joint holders is present or represented, the 
person whose name stands first in the register in 
respect of such shares or his/her proxy, as the case 
may be, shall alone be entitled to vote in respect thereof.

5.  The completion and lodging of the form of proxy will not 

preclude the signatory from attending the meeting and 
speaking and voting in person thereat to the exclusion 
of any proxy appointed in terms hereof should such 
signatory wish to do so.

6.  Forms of proxy must be lodged with, or posted to, the 
offices of Sappi’s transfer secretaries, Computershare 
Investor Services Proprietary Limited, at Rosebank 
Towers, 15 Biermann Avenue, Rosebank, 2196, 
Republic of South Africa (for hand delivery) or 
PO Box 61051, Marshalltown, 2107, Republic of South 
Africa (for postal delivery), to be received by not later 
than 14:00 on Monday, 03 February 2020 or handed to 
the chairman of the Annual General Meeting before the 
appointed proxy exercises any of the relevant 
shareholder’s rights.

8.  The chairman of the Annual General Meeting may reject 

any proxy form which is completed other than in 
accordance with these instructions and may accept 
any proxy form when he is satisfied as to the manner 
in which a member wishes to vote.

Summary in terms of section 58(8)(b)(i) of the 
South African Companies Act, 2008, as 
amended
Section 58(8)(b)(i) provides that if a company supplies 
a form of instrument for appointing a proxy, the form of proxy 
supplied by the company for the purpose of appointing a 
proxy must bear a reasonably prominent summary of the 
rights established by section 58 of the Companies Act, 
2008, as amended, which summary is set out below:
 • A shareholder of a company may, at any time, appoint any 
individual, including an individual who is not a shareholder 
of that company, as a proxy, among other things, to 
participate in, and speak and vote at, a shareholders’ 
meeting on behalf of the shareholder

 • A shareholder may appoint two or more persons 

concurrently as proxies, and may appoint more than one 
proxy to exercise voting rights attached to different 
securities held by the shareholder

 • A proxy may delegate the proxy’s authority to act on 

behalf of the shareholder to another person

 • A proxy appointment must be in writing, dated and signed 
by the shareholder; and remains valid only until the end of 
the meeting at which it was intended to be used, unless 
the proxy appointment is revoked, in which case the proxy 
appointment will be cancelled with effect from such 
revocation

 • A shareholder may revoke a proxy appointment in writing.
 • A proxy appointment is suspended at any time and to the 
extent that the shareholder chooses to act directly and in 
person in the exercise of any rights as a shareholder

 • A proxy is entitled to exercise, or abstain from exercising, 

any voting right of the shareholder without direction.

 
 
 
 
 
 
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this release that are neither reported financial results nor other historical information are forward-looking 
statements, including but not limited to statements that are predictions of or indicate future earnings, savings, synergies, 
events, trends, plans or objectives. The words “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “assume”, 
“positioned”, “will”, “may”, “should”, “risk” and other similar expressions, which are predictions of or indicate future events 
and future trends and which do not relate to historical matters, may be used to identify forward-looking statements. You 
should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other 
factors which are in some cases beyond our control and may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to 
differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking 
statements (and from past results, performance or achievements). Certain factors that may cause such differences include 
but are not limited to the following:
 • The highly cyclical nature of the pulp and paper industry (and the factors that contribute to such cyclicality, such as levels 
of demand, production capacity, production, input costs including raw material, energy and employee costs, and pricing)

 • The impact on our business of adverse changes in global economic conditions
 • Unanticipated production disruptions (including as a result of planned or unexpected power outages)
 • Changes in environmental, tax and other laws and regulations
 • Adverse changes in the markets for our products
 • The emergence of new technologies and changes in consumer trends including increased preferences for digital media
 • Consequences of our leverage, including as a result of adverse changes in credit markets that affect our ability to raise 

capital when needed

 • Adverse changes in the political situation and economy in the countries in which we operate or the effect of governmental 

efforts to address present or future economic or social problems

 • The impact of restructurings, investments, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives (including related 

financing), any delays, unexpected costs or other problems experienced in connection with dispositions or with integrating 
acquisitions or implementing restructuring and other strategic initiatives and achieving expected savings and synergies

 • Currency fluctuations.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether to reflect new 
information or future events or circumstances or otherwise.

About our theme: Focus

In 2019, the international economic order was under significant pressure, reducing global growth 
prospects. Ongoing trade conflicts and Brexit uncertainty weighed further on economic prospects. 
Populism spread and protests erupted around the world. 

Given that some 90% of an iceberg’s mass is hidden under water making them extremely difficult to 
navigate around, they are a powerful metaphor for operating in a business context where all the threats 
are not immediately visible or obvious. 

An iceberg is also a valid metaphor in that much of the hard work to achieve our strategy happens away 
from the public gaze and is not always recognised. Equally so the breadth and depth of engagement with 
our customers to provide the solutions their customers demand and with our employees to ensure they 
are aligned with our strategy. Despite the turbulent global economy, we did not lose focus and are well 
positioned to benefit from our recent investments. We are determined to maintain our line of sight 
on our end goal as encapsulated in our 2020Vision and strategy: providing enhanced returns to all 
our stakeholders.

Our 2019 annual integrated report reflects the focused actions we have taken over the last year. It is 
supported by various other sources of information including our website and our group and regional 
sustainability reports, available on www.sappi.com.

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www.sappi.com