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Serica Energy PLC

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FY2019 Annual Report · Serica Energy PLC
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SERICA ENERGY PLC 

2019 

ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 

Company Number: 5450950 

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EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Dear Shareholder 

I  am  writing  to  you  at  an  extraordinary  time  and  a  difficult  time  for  many  people, 
affecting not only personal lives and business in general but also the oil and gas industry 
in particular.  Under these circumstances the combination of factors facing our industry 
are unprecedented. 

I  am,  however,  glad  to  be  able  to  report  that  Serica  is  in  robust  financial  health  with 
strong finances, strong production levels and no borrowings or unfunded liabilities.   We 
have taken all the steps that we can to keep our employees and contractors, essential to 
playing  our  part  in  maintaining  UK  energy  supplies,  safe  and  protected  during  the 
current COVID-19 outbreak. Due to their efforts and with our strong finances we are well 
placed  to  weather  the  current  storms  and  also  to  take  on  the  challenges  and 
opportunities ahead. 

Last year saw a transformation of Serica’s business.   Group operating profit for 2019 of 
£88  million  after  depreciation  but  before  provision  for  taxes  represents  an  11-fold 
increase on prior year.  This was achieved notwithstanding UK gas prices weakening over 
the period with the average price significantly lower than that of the previous year.  We 
ended 2019 with £102 million net cash and no debt which puts us in a strong position as 
we enter an uncertain period for the industry. 

Although  we  are  facing  unprecedented  challenges,  Serica  is  very  much  open  for 
business, particularly as the industry repositions itself in a changing world.  Our financial 
strength has resulted from the cautious approach which we took during the past year to 
developing  new  business  opportunities  and  from  efficiencies  which  our  offshore  teams 
introduced  to  operations.    Our  approach is  fully  focused  on value  and  on managing  the 
risks associated with the business, not only technical risk and price risk but also political 
risk as the fundamentals of the business change and we enter a world of both surpluses 
and energy transition. 

With  these  risks  very  much  in  mind  the  Erskine  and  the  Bruce,  Keith  and  Rhum 
transactions  were  constructed  as  partnership  deals  with  the  vendors.    This  structuring 
has  brought  very material financial  and  risk-sharing  benefit,  not  only  to  Serica  but  also 
to  the  counterparties.    It  has  simultaneously  strengthened  and  protected  Serica’s 
finances.  The arrangements have enabled us to successfully reduce unit operating costs 
materially,  whilst,  at  the  same  time  extending  the  economic  life  of  remaining  reserves 
and  related  infrastructure  and  to  do  so  in  a  way  which  preserves  Serica’s  financial 
capability  and  our  ability  to  perform  in  downturns  such  as  the  one  we  are  currently 
witnessing.   It has been a win-win experience for not only Serica’s shareholders but also 
to the benefit of the original owners of the assets with whom we share our performance 
and I hope provides a template for future transactions. 

Over the past year we have indicated that it would be the Board’s intention to commence 
dividend  payments  once  the  Company  had  built  up  sufficient  cushion  to  absorb  knocks 
and  build  on  opportunities  that  both  inevitably  come  in  our  industry.    We  were  not 
anticipating  the  perfect  storm  of  a  virus-induced  collapse  in  demand  occurring 
simultaneously with a new supply war amongst major producers but, due to the strength 
of  the  Company’s  underlying financial  position,  I  am  pleased nevertheless to  be  able to 
announce our maiden dividend even in the midst of such major uncertainties. 

In determining the level of the dividend we are mindful of the uncertain world we face.  
UK  gas  prices  are  currently  at  a  level  not  seen  for  well  over  a  decade  and  oil  prices 
reflect the current major oversupply and collapse in demand.  The virus-impacted world 
is a new phenomenon which renders most expert evaluations for forward prices subject 
to even greater unpredictability. We are therefore recommending commencing dividends 
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at what we feel is a prudent level of  3 pence per share.  This will cost the Company £8 
million  but  it  is  the  Board’s  view  that,  with  significant  cash  balances  at  year  end,  no 
borrowings  or  major  commitments,  strong  ongoing  production  and  flexibility  in 
controlling  forward  budgets,  we  are  in  a  very  strong  position  to  commence  a  dividend 
payment and to both weather the current storms and seek new opportunities. 

In  the  Chief  Executive’s  report  Mitch  will  be  reporting  on  decisions  we  are  taking  to 
control costs and retain financial flexibility and decisions we are taking in respect of our 
current  projects  and  forward  expenditure  profile.  These include  potentially  rescheduling 
investment  when  we  feel  there  would  be  greater  economic  return  from  deferral.    We 
shall,  of  course,  be  keeping  a  flexible  approach  and  a  close  eye  on  events  over  the 
coming  months  as  we  emerge  from  the  current  crisis  and  reposition  our  forward 
programme in the light of the then better-known facts.   

Last year we also talked about our intention to seek new acquisition opportunities to add 
further  value  by  building  on  operating  efficiencies,  reducing  cost,  exploiting  synergies 
and  managing  risk.    During  the  course  of  the  year  we  made  proposals  in  a  number  of 
initiatives  but  did  so  with  a  cautious  approach  and  an  eye  on  the  risk/reward  balance.  
We were not able to identify an opportunity which met the counterparties’ expectations 
in  respect  of  both  value  and  risk  when  set  against  what  we  felt  was  a  very  uncertain 
outlook  for  commodity  prices.    In  the  current  crisis  facing  the  industry  we  feel  our 
caution  in  this  respect  has  been  beneficial  and  has  had  the  effect  of  strengthening  the 
Company’s position. 

However,  our  objectives  remain  the  same  and  we  will  continue  to  seek  acquisition 
opportunities to build upon the solid base we have established but we will do so with risk 
and  shareholder  value  firmly  in  mind.    Our  business  model  looks  more  to  combining 
corporate capabilities and strengths with others to add value, blending Serica’s low cost 
base,  flexibility  and  operating  capabilities  with  assets  which  no longer  fit  the objectives 
of others.  If the current turmoil in the markets continues and major energy and utility 
companies  have  to  refocus  their  businesses  to  meet  the  longer-term  transition  to  new 
sources of energy we feel that there will be increasing emphasis on asset consolidation in 
which Serica would hope to play its part.  

Finally, a word on the way we go about our activities.  Serica is one of a leading group of 
companies  producing  oil  and  gas  from  the  North  Sea.    Our  operations  currently  supply 
about 5% of UK offshore gas production to the UK economy.  We endeavour to produce 
these reserves with full focus on reducing our environmental footprint where we can and 
with the utmost attention to the health and safety of our personnel.  These are topmost 
amongst our priorities and are of paramount and particular importance. 

They  are  especially  important  during  the  current  period  of  restrictions  placed  on  staff 
movements  and  work  practices  caused  by  the  pandemic  outbreak.    Our  onshore  and 
offshore teams have weathered storms, both physical, as in the big offshore storms this 
February,  and  operational,  as  in  tackling  the  measures  required  to  counter  the 
pandemic.  That they have been able to take on both in quick succession demonstrates 
the  skills  and  commitment  that  they  bring  to  the  work  that  they  do.    Both  I  and  the 
Board and, I am sure, shareholders would like to thank them for this and for the success 
that they have brought to the Company last year. 

As the Company progresses so we look to expand diversity and complementary skills on 
the  Board.    We  are  delighted  that  Kate  Coppinger,  who  until  recently  was  Managing 
Director,  Oil  &  Gas  and  Chemicals  at  Standard  Chartered  Bank,  has  accepted  an 
invitation to join Serica’s Board as a Non-Executive Director with immediate effect.  Kate 
brings  considerable  knowledge  to  the  Board  on  upstream  M&A  strategies  and  we 
welcome her as a new member. 

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The immediate future for industry looks uncertain as I write but with uncertainty comes 
opportunity as the industry moves forward and Serica is well placed to take advantage of 
those opportunities. 

Tony Craven Walker 
Chairman 
22 April 2020 

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STRATEGIC REPORT   

The following Strategic Report of the operations and financial results of Serica Energy plc 
(“Serica”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) should be read in conjunction with Serica’s 
consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019.   

References  to  the  “Company”  include  Serica  and  its  subsidiaries  where  relevant.  All 
figures  are  reported  in  GB  Sterling  (“£”)  unless  otherwise  stated.  With  effect  from  1 
January 2019, the Group’s results have been reported in £ with prior period comparative 
information converted from US$ and restated in £.   

The Company is subject to the regulatory requirements of AIM, a market of the London 
Stock Exchange in the United Kingdom. Although the Company delisted from the Toronto 
Stock Exchange (“TSX”) in March 2015, the Company is a “designated foreign issuer” as 
that term is defined under Canadian National Instrument 71-102 - Continuous Disclosure 
and Other Exemptions Relating to Foreign Issuers.  

Serica  is  an  independent  oil  and  gas  company  with  production,  development  and 
exploration interests in the UK Continental Shelf and exploration interests in Namibia. 

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CEO’s REVIEW 

2019 was a year of outstanding performance for Serica with net production totalling an 
average  of  30,000  boe/d  and  operating  profit  of  £87.7  million.  In  our  first  full  year  of 
operatorship  of  the  Bruce,  Keith  and  Rhum  (“BKR”)  fields  we  have  increased  the  net 
production  from  these  assets  to  27,300  boe/d  (compared  to  24,800  boe/d  in  2018). 
Erskine  production  has  been  strong  and  net  Serica  production  averaged  2,700  boe/d 
(compared to 650 boe/d in 2018). 

With  gross  operated  production  from  the  BKR  fields  of  41,000  boe/d,  Serica  has 
established itself as one of the leading independent UKCS operating companies and has 
assembled  a  talented  and  motivated  operating  team.  This focused  team  has  succeeded 
in  reducing  our  operating  costs  to  US$12.6  per  boe.  This  compares  to  approximately 
US$18 per boe for full year 2018. This reduction from the prior year level reflected both 
reduced costs and higher production rates. 

The  continued  reduction  in  operating  costs  is  one  of  our  key  objectives  in  seeking  to 
extend  the  life  of  our  operated  assets.  Serica  has  commissioned  a  new  Competent 
Person’s  Report  (“CPR”)  effective  1  January  2020  and  this  has  identified  several 
upgrades  to  net  2P  Reserves  estimates  particularly  due  to  the  successful  efforts  to 
extend  the  prognosed  Cessation  of  Production  (“COP”)  on  Bruce.  The  latest  CPR 
estimates  Bruce  COP  (2P  case)  to  occur  in  2028  (compared  to  2026  in  the  previous 
CPR).  Our  net  2P  reserves  stood  at  68.8mmboe  at  1  January  2019  and  our  2019  net 
production  was  11.0mmboe  but  due  to  these  upgrades,  after  reclassification  and 
revisions our net 2P reserves at 1 January 2020 stand at 62.3mmboe.   

The  extensive  infrastructure  associated  with  the  Bruce  field  is  particularly  valuable  and 
the utilisation of existing infrastructure is a key part of the UK Government’s North Sea 
policy. This infrastructure offers significant capacity for third party tiebacks and Serica is 
already  engaged  in  preliminary  discussions  with  potential  third-party  shippers.  The 
reduction  in  operating  cost  will  help  attract  further  business.  We  are  also  working  on 
projects  to  increase  the  throughput  of  hydrocarbons  across  the  Bruce  platform.  There 
are two major projects that are currently ongoing:  

1.  The Rhum field currently produces from two wells (R1 and R2) which are subsea tie-
backs  to  the  Bruce  platform.  A  third  well  (R3)  was  drilled  when  the  field  was 
originally developed but was not put into production due to mechanical problems with 
equipment in the well. Serica is working on a project to bring R3 into production for 
the  first  time,  with  the  aim  of  increasing  production  and  overall  recovery  from  the 
Rhum  reservoir.  Work  continues  on  preparations  for  the  Rhum  R3  intervention 
project and the timing is under review. 

2.  In December 2019, Serica Energy (UK) Limited, received an out of round award of a 
100% interest in the UK petroleum licence P2501, blocks 3/24c and 3/29c. These are 
located in  the  area  adjacent  to  the  Serica  operated  Rhum  field.  The  award  contains 
the  HPHT  North  Eigg  and  South Eigg  prospects  and  Serica has  committed  to  drilling 
an  exploration  well  on  the  North  Eigg  prospect  within  3  years. In  the  event  of  a 
discovery  on  these  blocks,  Serica  will investigate  options for  HPHT  subsea  tie-backs 
to the Bruce facilities and topsides modifications to ensure a low cost, efficient design 
to  enable  early  development,  maximise  recovery  and  optimise  production.  Serica 
anticipates  that  there  will  be  ample  capacity  within  the  Bruce  facilities  to  handle 
North and South Eigg production. 

In  short,  Bruce  is  open  for  business  in  order  to  maximise  economic  recovery  from  the 
area as a whole and therefore further extend the life of the existing assets.  

After  exploring  in  Ireland  for  over  twelve  years,  Serica  formally  relinquished  its  three 
offshore  licences  in  September  2019.  Although  Serica  intends  to  continue  covering  the 
full life cycle of exploration, development and production, Irish opportunities have been 
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and  are  likely  to  continue  to  be  much  longer-term  and  the  expense  of  maintaining  the 
licences will be redirected to lower risk, nearer term opportunities in the Company’s core 
areas elsewhere. 

2020  has  already  presented  a  number  of  new  challenges  to  the  Company.  During  a 
Bruce  platform  inspection  in  late  January  2020,  the  condition  of  an  unused  seawater 
return caisson on the platform was observed to have deteriorated. This caisson had been 
taken out of service in 2009. Production through the Bruce facility was halted while the 
problem was fully investigated and a subsequent underwater inspection determined that 
the  unused  caisson  had  parted  below  the  water  line.  Our  expert  teams  onshore  and 
offshore  successfully  designed  and  executed  a  programme  of  repairs  using  a  Remotely 
Operated Vehicle (“ROV”) launched from a Diving Support Vessel (“DSV”). This work was 
performed during some of the most difficult weather conditions experienced in the North 
Sea for several years. Together with selected contractors we completed the programme 
of work to secure the caisson safely and with no environmental impact. 

The successful conclusion of this work demonstrates the tremendous operating capability 
of our team. The work will have no negative impact on future production rates or on the 
ultimate hydrocarbon recovery from the Bruce, Keith and Rhum fields. 

More  recently  the  twin  impacts  of  COVID-19  and  the  fall  in  commodity  prices  have 
presented new challenges.  The Bruce platform is responsible for around 5% of the UK’s 
gas  production  and  it  is  important  to  maintain  this  production.  The  country  needs  this 
gas to create the power needed to allow the NHS and critical infrastructure to function. 
Therefore, most of our offshore team are designated as ‘key workers’ and we continue to 
work  with  the  government  and  industry  bodies  to  protect  our  staff  and  ensure  that  all 
precautions are in place to make their working environment safe 

Serica has experienced no interruption in production due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We 
have  strict  travel  policies  in  place  and  have  also  reduced  manning  levels  on  the  Bruce 
platform in order to reduce the risk of an outbreak, allow social distancing offshore and 
provide isolation areas for suspected cases. 

Serica has no borrowings, limited decommissioning liabilities and healthy cash reserves. 
Our  operating  costs  remain  low  and  so  we  are  well-positioned  to  cope  with  commodity 
price  variations.  However,  in  light  of  recent  commodity  price  weakness,  a  thorough 
evaluation  of  operating  costs  has  been  undertaken.  Despite  the  additional  costs 
associated with the Bruce caisson repairs it has been possible to identify significant cost 
savings associated with ongoing operations. Reductions in 2020 absolute operating costs 
of  10%  have  been  identified  to  further  those  achieved  in  2019  and  are  being 
implemented. 

Along with other operators we have also reviewed our capital expenditure for 2020.  The 
Columbus  development  requires  the  availability  of the  Arran  to  Shearwater  pipeline  but 
the  Arran  partners  have  chosen  to  delay  that  project  due  to  the  current  business 
environment. The Columbus partners remain committed to the project but are reviewing 
the drilling timing for the development well due to this unexpected delay to the Arran to 
Shearwater  pipeline.  This  would  defer  approximately  £11.5  million  of  net  CAPEX  from 
2020  to  2021.  The  timing  of  the  R3  project  is  also  under  review  and  project  execution 
may  be  deferred  until  2021.  The  North  Eigg  exploration  well  is  still  scheduled  for  2021 
(no significant CAPEX is expected on North Eigg in 2020). 

As a modern, dynamic energy company operating in a rapidly evolving energy landscape 
Serica  recognises  the  need  to  lead  a  responsible  business  where  our  team  feels 
empowered  to  address  environmental  and  social  challenges.  We  recognise  these 
challenges and are working to develop a truly sustainable business which contributes to 
fulfilling  the  UK’s  energy  demands  whilst  adding  value  for  our  shareholders  and 
stakeholders.  I  am  delighted  therefore,  to  announce  the  publication  today  of  our  first 

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ever  Environment  Social  and  Governance  (“ESG”)  Report  which  can  be  found  at 
www.serica-energy.com 

Mitch Flegg 
Chief Executive Officer 
22 April 2020 

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REVIEW OF OPERATIONS  

Production 

Northern North Sea: Bruce Field – Blocks 9/8a, 9/9b and 9/9c, Serica 98% and operator 

Serica  completed the  acquisition  of its 98% interest in  the  Bruce field  on  30 November 
2018  and  took  over  as  operator  from  BP.  The  Bruce  facilities  consist  of  three  bridge-
linked platforms, wells, pipelines and subsea infrastructure. The platforms contain living 
quarters for up to 168 people, reception, compression, power generation, processing and 
export  facilities  and  a  drilling  platform  that  is  currently  mothballed.  There  is  also  the 
subsea  Western  Area  Development  (“WAD”)  that  produces  from  the  edges  of the  Bruce 
area. Serica is responsible for actively maintaining, monitoring, repairing and optimising 
all equipment, wells and associated pipelines. 

The  Bruce  field  is  produced  through  a  combination  of  platform  wells  and  subsea  wells 
tied back to the platform, with a total of over 20 wells producing from multiple reservoirs 
and  compartments.  Bruce  production  is  predominantly  gas,  which  is  rich  in  NGL’s,  plus 
condensate. Gas is exported through the Frigg pipeline to the St Fergus terminal, where 
it  is  separated  into  sales  gas  and  NGL’s.  Condensate  is  exported  through  the  Forties 
Pipeline System to Grangemouth where it is sold as Forties blend oil. 

The  offshore  team  is  supported  onshore  from  the  Serica  technical  headquarters  in 
Aberdeen  which  has  a  live  video  link  to  the  platform,  streaming  data  and  offering 
seamless communication with the offshore crew.  

Bruce  field  production  in  2019  averaged  in  excess  of  13,100  boe/d  of  exported  oil  and 
gas net to Serica (2018 proforma – 12,000 boe/d). Production reliability was 93% with a 
short,  planned  maintenance  period  that  overlapped  the  annual  Forties  Pipeline  System 
integrity  testing.  This  compares  to  89%  achieved  during  2018  and  demonstrates  the 
impact that Serica’s operatorship has had on facility uptime. 

Following a successful campaign in 2018 to repair three conductors (pipes connecting the 
wells  from  the  seabed  to  the  platform),  four  more  sets  of  conductor  clamps  were 
installed  in  the  August  planned  outage  to  protect  against  future  well  shut-ins.  An 
additional  diving  campaign  successfully  reinstated  a  second  umbilical  to  the  WAD 
manifold, increasing reliability from the subsea wells. 

During  2019  three  key  activities  in  understanding  the  future  production  potential  of 
Bruce  were  undertaken.  A  successful  trial  of  lower  pressures  at  the  well  heads  to 
facilitate  increased  gas  production,  the  recommissioning  of  the  test  separator  on  the 
compression  platform  which  increases  the  ability  to  undertake  well  performance  tests 
and a well by well evaluation building on the first two activities. The well by well review 
was designed to identify the production upsides achievable from the planned future well 
intervention  campaigns  with  the  aim  of  enhancing  and  extending  existing  field 
production profiles. 

Serica’s  98% field interest  and focus  on  the  Bruce  asset  means  that it  can identify  and 
implement  changes  that  improve  performance  swiftly  and  efficiently.  Further  to  our 
previous  success  in  integrating  nine  individual  IT  systems,  we  have  continued  to 
streamline  our  IT  and  integrated  additional  elements  of  our  management  systems, 
helping to reduce our IT costs by more than 30% overall.  

We are also challenging the way things are done and reducing procedural complexity to 
expedite  work  execution.  Assets  in  the  North  Sea  face  a  constant  challenge  to  keep 
metalwork painted so as to prevent corrosion. A comparison would be painting the Forth 
bridge but 100 miles offshore. By tailoring our process to find the right coating, applied 
in  the  right  way,  by  the  right  people  in  2019  we  executed  twice  as  much  fabric 

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maintenance (painting work) as was done in 2018, but for the same price. Having better 
paint coating should reduce replacement and repair cost in future years. 

The reduction of production outages on the Bruce platform has delivered more consistent 
production  volumes  which,  allied  to  effective  cost  control,  has  proved  key  in  reducing 
Group  average  operating  costs  to  US$12.6  per  boe,  down  from  a  proforma  average  of 
US$18 per boe for 2018. This is also expected to contribute to the extension of field life. 

The latest independent  report  by  Lloyd’s  Register  estimated  2P  reserves  of 22.2  million 
boe net to Serica as of 1 January 2020. 

fully 

In  January  2020,  during  a  Bruce  platform  inspection,  the  condition  of  an  unused 
seawater return caisson on the platform was observed to have deteriorated. This caisson 
had been taken out of service in 2009. Production through the Bruce facility was halted 
while  the  problem  was 
inspection 
determined that the unused caisson had parted below the water line. Both the upper and 
lower  sections  of  the  caisson  were  intact  and  engineering  work  to  ensure  that  the 
caisson was properly secured commenced. Work was successfully undertaken during the 
following weeks and the caisson sections secured allowing production to restart on the  5 
March  2020  considerably  ahead  of  schedule  despite  some  of  the  worst  weather 
conditions seen in the North Sea for years. It is expected that the remaining work will be 
completed within 2020.  

investigated. A  subsequent  underwater 

Northern North Sea: Keith Field – Block 9/8a, Serica 100% and operator 

Keith is a small oil field produced via one subsea well tied back to the Bruce facilities and 
requires very little maintenance.  Keith produces  at  a  relatively low  rate  but  contributes 
to  oil  export  from  Bruce  at  minimal  additional  cost.  Average  Keith  production  in  2019 
was  approximately  450  boe/d (2018  proforma  –  800  boe/d).  It is intended to keep  the 
well in production as long as economically viable. 

The latest independent estimate of reserves by Lloyd’s Register estimated 2P reserves of 
453,000 boe net to Serica as of 1 January 2020. 

Northern North Sea: Rhum Field – Blocks 3/29a, Serica 50% and operator 

The  Rhum field is  a  gas  condensate field  producing  from  two  subsea  wells,  R1  and  R2, 
tied into the Bruce facilities through a 44km pipeline. Rhum production is separated into 
gas and condensate and exported to St Fergus and Grangemouth respectively along with 
Bruce  and  Keith  production.  Combined  the  wells  are  capable  of  producing  at  combined 
rates  approaching  30,000  boe/d  (gross)  each  of  which  some  95%  is  gas.  The  field  has 
produced  at  relatively  constant  rates  with  limited  reservoir  decline  evident  through  the 
year.  Average  Rhum  production  from  the  two  wells  in  2019  was  13,775  boe/d  net  to 
Serica.  

A third well, R3, requires intervention work before it can be brought on production. In 1H 
2019,  investigative  work  to  assess  the  condition  of  the  well  and  associated  control 
systems was successfully carried out and the data incorporated into planning for the R3 
intervention. Meanwhile, as production from the R1 and R2 wells has continued at higher 
than  anticipated levels this has left less  spare  processing  capacity  available in  the near 
term for additional production volumes from R3.  The intention remains to carry out the 
work this year but project execution may be deferred until 2021. 

The latest independent estimate of reserves by Lloyd’s Register estimated 2P reserves of 
28.7 million boe net to Serica as of 1 January 2020. 

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Central North Sea: Erskine Field  – Blocks 23/26a (Area B) and 23/26b (Area  B), Serica 
18% 

Serica holds a non-operated interest in Erskine, a gas condensate field located in the UK 
Central North Sea. Serica’s co-venturers are Ithaca Energy 50% (operator) and Chrysaor 
32%. Erskine fluids are processed and exported via the Lomond platform, which is 100% 
owned and operated by Chrysaor. Serica provides a secondee to Lomond as part of the 
offshore management team. 

The  Erskine  field  is  produced  through  five  wells  from  the  Erskine  normally  unattended 
installation,  transported  to  Lomond  via  a  multiphase  pipeline  and  processed  on  the 
Lomond platform. Then condensate is exported down the Forties Pipeline System via the 
CATS riser platform at Everest and gas is exported via the CATS pipeline to the terminal 
at Teesside. 

The  field  was  returned  to  production  in  October  2018  after  a  10-month  shutdown  to 
install a section of new pipe to bypass recurring wax blockage on the condensate export 
pipeline.  A  high  frequency  cleaning  regime  of  the  pipeline  continues  to  be  followed  in 
order  to  maintain  the  availability  of  the  export  route  and  improve  overall  export 
reliability.  

This has resulted in significant improvement in uptime: production efficiency in 2019 was 
slightly  above  80%  compared  with  much lower  efficiencies in  recent years.  The  Erskine 
production levels in 2019 averaged over 2,700 boe/d. This is the highest level since the 
acquisition by Serica in 2015 without any new wells having been drilled in that time. 

Works  have  also  been  carried  out  on  the  Erskine  production  module  located  on  the 
Lomond  platform  to  rectify  a  long-standing  compressor  seal  issue  which  had  been  the 
second  largest  factor impacting  on  production  after  pipeline issues.  The  regular  pigging 
program  on  the  new  line  has  continued  and  no  indications  of  wax  build-up  have  been 
seen. To minimise work offshore whilst coronavirus restrictions are required, the planned 
full summer 2020 maintenance shut in will not take place but instead there will be some 
shorter production interruptions for specific tasks as required. 

An  updated  independent  audit  of  the  Erskine  field  by  Lloyd’s  Register  confirmed 
estimated 2P reserves of 4.1 million boe net to Serica as of 1 January 2020.   

Development 

Central North Sea: Columbus Development – Blocks 23/16f and 23/21a, Serica 50% and 
operator 

Serica  is  Columbus  field  operator  with  partners  Tailwind  Mistral  Limited  (25%)  and 
Waldorf  Production  Limited  (25%).  This  gas  condensate  discovery  is  located  in  the 
Eastern  Central  Graben,  UK  Central  North  Sea  and  the  reservoir  is  located  within  the 
Forties Sandstone. 

In October 2018, OGA approved a Field Development Plan (“FDP”) for Columbus, which 
included  an  expected  peak  production  of  7,800  gross  boe/day.  The  Columbus 
development plan involves tying a single horizontal subsea well into a pipeline being laid 
between  the  Arran  field  (which  received  development  approval  at  a  similar  time  to 
Columbus)  and  the  Shearwater  platform,  both  operated  by  Shell.  Arran  and  Columbus 
fluids  will  combine  in  the  new  pipeline  and  be  produced  together  through  to  the 
Shearwater processing facilities, making use of an existing riser. The Columbus partners 
will  pay  for  the  tie-in  and  compensate  the  Arran  owners  for  some  re-routing  of  the 
pipeline  but  will not  bear the  capital  cost  of laying  a  new  pipeline  to  Shearwater.  Costs 
will be recovered by Arran by way of a tariff on production through the pipeline.  

- 11 - 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
As soon as development approval was received, detailed well design began and long-lead 
items  started  to  be  procured.  Several  of  the  key  pieces  of  infrastructure  will  be 
manufactured  and installed  by  Shell,  with  Serica  drilling  and  completing  the long-reach 
well targeting reservoir sands of Forties age.  

Columbus  timing  is  dependent  on  the  Arran-Shearwater  pipeline  being  tied  into  the 
Shearwater  platform.  The  Arran  partners  have  chosen  to  delay  this  project  due  to  the 
current business environment, and so the start-up of the Columbus field is now expected 
to be in late 2021.  

The  latest  independent  reserves  audit,  carried  out  by  Lloyd’s  Register,  reported 
Columbus 2P Reserves of 6.7 million boe net to Serica as of 1 January 2020. 

Exploration  

UK 

North Eigg and South Eigg – Blocks 3/24c and 3/29c, Serica 100% and operator  

In December 2019, Serica was awarded the licence containing the North Eigg and South 
Eigg  prospects  as  part  of  an  out  of  round  application.    The  work  programme  is  to 
reprocess  seismic  and  drill  an  exploration  well  within  the initial  three  years.   The  North 
Eigg prospect has been high-graded for drilling, being clearly visible on 3D seismic data 
and sharing many similarities with the nearby Rhum field, operated by Serica. 

Work  has  started  on  planning  the  exploration  well,  which  will  be  high  temperature  and 
high pressure. Pursuing this project is part of Serica’s strategy for the Bruce catchment 
area.  In  the  event  of  a  commercial  discovery,  Serica  would  seek  a  fast  track  route  to 
develop the field potentially via a subsea tie-back to the Serica operated and 98% owned 
Bruce  facilities.  As  well  as  providing  Serica  with  potentially  significant  additional 
reserves, a tie-back to the Bruce platform would reduce unit operating costs and extend 
the economic life of this strategic North Sea infrastructure. 

Columbus  West  –  Block  23/21b,  Serica  50%,  operator  Summit  Exploration  and 
Production 

The Columbus West licence was awarded in the UK 30th Round and lies directly west of 
Serica’s  operated  Columbus  field.  Serica  has  used  its  regional  understanding  to  work 
with  its  partner  to  aim  to  identify  potential  commercially  attractive  prospects.  During 
2019 seismic reprocessing was completed over the licence and technical interpretation of 
the  data  carried  out  to  help  identify  a  potential  drilling  target.  The  prospects  are 
currently being screened and ranked and there will be a drill or drop decision by the end 
of the initial term, October 2020. 

Skerryvore and Ruvaal– Blocks 30/12c (part), 30/13c (split), 30/17h, 30/18c and 30/19c 
(part), Serica 20%, operator Parkmead  

The  Skerryvore  and  Ruvaal  prospects  lie  in  the  Central  North  Sea,  60km  south  of  the 
Erskine  field.  Over  500km2  of  3D  seismic  data  has  been  purchased  over  the  licence 
areas.  The  seismic is  being  reprocessed  and will  then  be interpreted  and  a  drill  or  drop 
decision  made  on  the  prospects  by  the  end  of  the  initial  three-year  term  in  September 
2021.  

Central North Sea: Rowallan Prospect - Block 22/19c, Serica 15%, operator ENI UK 

In  April  2019,  the  ENI  UK-operated  Rowallan  exploration  well  22/19c-7  reached  a  total 
depth  of  4,641  metres  and  was  plugged  and  abandoned.  Serica  was  fully  carried  and 
paid no costs towards the drilling  of the well which encountered a 182 metre section of 
sandstone and shale but was not found to be hydrocarbon bearing. This is thought to be 
due  to  a  lack  of  sealing  rock  to  form  a  hydrocarbon  trap.  The  well  was  drilled  on  time 
and on budget. 

- 12 - 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
The  partnership  reviewed  the  results  of  22/19c-7  and  determined  that  the  remaining 
prospects  identified  on  the  block  had  similar  seal  risks  and  made  the  decision  to 
relinquish the licence. The blocks to the south of Rowallan, 22/24g and 22/25f have also 
been relinquished.    

Namibia  

Luderitz Basin: Blocks 2512A, 2513A, 2513B and 2612A (part), Serica 85% and operator  

Serica  is  in  discussion  with  the  Namibia  Ministry  of  Mines  and  Energy  on  new  licence 
terms  to  extend  its  interest  in  the  Luderitz  Basin  blocks.    It  is  anticipated  that  these 
discussions  will  be  completed  in  the  near  term  allowing  Serica  and  its  partners  to 
progress  work  on  the  licence.  During  2019,  Serica  incorporated  recent  drilling  results 
offshore  Namibia  to  build  on  its  geological  understanding  of  the  region.  These  results 
have  provided  evidence  towards  a  regional  seal  rock  that  would  trap  migrating 
hydrocarbons, thus benefitting deeper prospects, some of which have been identified in 
Serica’s  licence  area.  Serica  understands  that  further  drilling  in  Namibia  is  currently 
planned  by  other  operators,  which  will  provide  more  data  points  and  hopefully 
strengthen the chance of success of Serica’s prospects.    

Ireland 

Frontier Exploration Licences 1/09, 4/13, 1/06 Serica 100% 

After  exploring  in  Ireland  for  over  twelve  years,  Serica  formally  relinquished  its  three 
offshore  licences  in  September  2019.  All  work  done  to  date  and  related  samples  and 
data  have  been  provided  to  the  Petroleum  Affairs  Division  in  the  Department  of 
Communications, Climate Action and Environment. 

Although  Serica  intends  to  continue  covering  the  full  life  cycle  of  exploration, 
development and production, Irish opportunities have been and are likely to continue to 
be  much  longer-term  and  the  expense  of  maintaining  the  licences  will  be  redirected  to 
lower risk, nearer term opportunities in the Company’s core areas elsewhere. 

- 13 - 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Group Proved plus Probable Reserves (“2P”)  

2P Reserves at 31 December 2018 

2019 production 
Fuel in operation 
Revisions 

2P Reserves at 31 December 2019 

Oil 
mmbbl 

14.4 

(1.3) 

1.7 

14.8 

Gas 
bcf 

Total oil and gas 
mmboe 

326.8 

(49.1) 
(28.0) 
35.0 

284.7 

68.8 

62.3 

Proved  and  Probable  reserves  as  at  31  December  2018  were  based  on  independent 
reports prepared by consultants Netherland, Sewell & Associates (Erskine and Columbus) 
and  Ryder  Scott  (Bruce,  Keith  and  Rhum)  in  accordance  with  the  reserve  definitions  of 
the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook. 

Rather than  continue with two  overseas  reserves  auditors,  Serica  changed the  reserves 
auditor  to  UK-based  Lloyd’s  Register.  Accordingly,  Group  Proved  and  Probable  reserves 
as  at  31  December  2019  are  based  on  the  independent  report  prepared  by  Lloyd’s 
Register  in  accordance  with  the  reserve  definitions  guidelines  defined  in  SPE  Petroleum 
Resources Management System 2018 (“PRMS 2018”). 

Gas  reserves  at  31  December  2018  and  2019  have  been  converted  to  barrels  of  oil 
equivalent using a factor of 6.0 bcf per mmboe for reporting and comparison purposes. 
Actual  calorific  value  of  produced  gas  from  individual  fields  may  result  in  a  different 
conversion factor. 

Fuel  in  Operation  refers  to  gas  used  to  generate  power  required  to  run  the  production 
and processing facilities; this gas is produced from the reservoir but removed before the 
production  stream  is  sold  and  hence  does  not  form  part  of  the  revenue  stream. 
Guidelines in the two reporting standards used to prepare the figures in the table above 
differ,  with  FIO  volumes  being  included  in  the  totals  at  the  end  of  2018  but  not  at  the 
end of 2019. 

As summarised above, aggregate reserves revisions result from several factors, including 
field  production  performance  in  the  time  between  audits  and  prevailing  commodity 
prices, which are used for the economic evaluation. Both of these may result in changes 
to production profile curtailment and decommissioning. 

- 14 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 

Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Northern North 
Sea 
Central North Sea 

LICENCE HOLDINGS 

The following table summarises the Group's licences as at 31 December 2019. 

Licence 
UK 

Block(s) 

Description 

Role 

% 

Location 

P.090 

9/9a BRUCE 

Bruce Field Production 

Operator  99% 

P.090 

P.198 

9/9a Rest of Block excluding 
Bruce (REST) 
3/29a (ALL) 

Development  

Operator  98% 

Rhum Field Production 

Operator  50% 

P.209 

9/8a BRUCE 

Bruce Field Production 

Operator  98% 

P.209 

9/8a KEITH 

Keith Field Production 

Operator  100% 

P.209 

9/8a Rest of Block excluding 
Bruce and Keith (REST) 

Development  

Operator  98% 

P.276 

9/9b BRUCE 

Bruce Field Production 

Operator  98% 

P.276 

9/9c (ALL) 

Bruce Field Production 

Operator   98% 

P.276 

P.566 

9/9b Rest of Block excluding 
Bruce Unit (REST) 
3/29b (ALL) 

P.975 

3/24b (ALL) 

P.975 

3/29d (ALL) 

P101 

23/21a Columbus  

P1314 

23/16f 

P57 

23/26a 

Development  

Operator  98% 

Operator  100% 

Rhum Field non-unitised 
production 
Rhum non-unitised 
production 
Rhum non-unitised 
production 
Columbus Development Area  Operator  50% 

Operator  100% 

Operator  100% 

Columbus Development Area  Operator  50% 

Central North Sea 

Erskine Field - Production 

P264 

23/26b  

Erskine Field - Production 

P2385 

22/24g, 22/25f 

P2388 

23/21b 

Exploration 

Exploration 

P2400 

30/12c, 30/13c, 30/17h, 30/18c 

Exploration 

P2402 

30/19c 

P2501 

3/24c,3/29c 

Exploration 

Exploration 

Namibia 

20% 

18% 

18% 

Non-
operator 
Non-
operator 
Non-
operator 
Non-
operator 
Non-
operator 
Non-
operator 
Operator  100% 

50% 

20% 

20% 

Central North Sea 

Central North Sea 

Central North Sea 

Central North Sea 

Central North Sea 

Central North Sea 

Northern North 
Sea 

0047 

2512A, 2513A, 2513B, 2612A 
(part) 

Exploration  

Operator 

85%  

Luderitz Basin 

- 15 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
FINANCIAL REVIEW 

With  effect  from  1  January  2019,  following  the  change  in  functional  and  presentational 
currency  (see  note  3),  the  Group  and  Company’s  results  are  reported  in  £  with  prior 
period  comparative  information  converted  from  US$  and  restated  in  £.  This  change 
follows  completion  of  the  major  BKR  acquisitions in late 2018 which  brought  significant 
additional volumes of UK gas for which sales are denominated in £ and costs which are 
settled almost entirely in £.   

Revenues  and  costs  arising  from  the  BKR  acquisitions  have  been  included  from  30 
November  2018  onwards.  Serica’s  share  of  net  income  from  the  BKR  fields  from  the 
effective date of the acquisitions, 1 January 2018, until 30 November was deducted from 
the  consideration  paid  at  completion  rather  than  included  within  the  2018  income 
statement.  Further,  a  significant  bargain  gain  on  the  acquisitions  of  £33.7  million  has 
been booked in 2018.   

In  addition,  the  Erskine  field  only  contributed  two  and  one-half  months  of  net  income 
during  2018  whilst  an  export  line  blockage  was  resolved.  Production  restarted  in  late 
October 2018 with steady production since then.  

2019 RESULTS 

Serica  is  reporting  results  incorporating  the  first  full  year  of  contribution  from  its  BKR 
assets  following  completion  of  the  four  acquisitions  late  in  2018.  These  show  healthy 
levels of production, profit and cash generation, despite a fall-off in gas prices during the 
year, supported by reduced levels of operating cost per boe.  

In addition to a strong operational performance, the benefits of the BKR deal structures 
can  be  seen  through  the  closing  2019  balance  sheet.  BKR-related  deal  liabilities  which 
stood  at  £254.8  million  at  year  end  2018  were  reduced  to  £155.5  million  at  year  end 
2019.  The  gas  prepayment  facility  arranged  with  BP,  totalling  £16  million  including 
interest,  was  fully  paid  off  during  the  year  leaving  the  Company  with  no  debt  at  31 
December  2019.  This  is  also  after  payment  of  50%  of  net  cashflow  due  under  BKR 
agreements for 2019 leaving only two remaining years each at 40%.  

Under the BKR deals, net cash flow sharing and certain other deferred payments vary in 
line with actual net cash generated thus flexing with changes in commodity sales prices 
and  production  volumes.  This  mitigated  the  impact  of  falls  in  gas  prices  last  year.  It 
continues  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  the  erratic  oil  and  gas  market  conditions  prevailing 
so far this year as well as the recent six-week shut in of BKR for caisson repairs. Just as 
Serica as buyer and BP, Total E&P and BHP as vendors shared the benefits through the 
strong  production  and  pricing  periods  during 2018  and  2019,  the impact  of  recent  cash 
flow  reductions is  also  shared  by  each party.  Remaining  payments  due  are  expected  to 
be  further  reduced  if  the  recent  commodity  price  slump  is  sustained  for  a  significant 
period. 

Overall, Serica generated a profit before taxation for 2019 of £108.8 million compared to 
£39.5  million  for  2018.  After  non-cash  deferred  tax  provisions  of  £44.8  million  (2018  - 
£12.0  million  release),  profit  for  the  year  was  £64.0  million  compared  to  £51.5  million 
for 2018. 

Sales revenues  
Total product sales volumes for the year comprised approximately 491.3 million therms 
of  gas,  1,567,100  lifted  barrels  of  oil  and  85,500  MT  of  NGLs.  These  generated  total 
2019  product  sales  revenue  of  £250.5  million  (2018:  £35.7  million)  consisting  of  BKR 
revenues  of  £216.6  million (2018:  £26.6  million)  and  Erskine  revenues  of  £33.9  million 
(2018:  £9.1  million).  This  represented  average  sales  prices  net  of  system  fees  of  31 
pence  per  therm,  US$61.4  per  barrel  and  US$337  per  tonne  respectively  giving  an 

- 16 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
approximate realised sales price for lifted volumes of US$30 per barrel of oil equivalent. 
This is before gas price hedging gains detailed below. 

Oil  sales  are  booked  as  revenue  when  barrels  are  lifted  and  title  is  transferred  whilst 
movements in over/underlifts are charged/credited to cost of sales.   

Gross profit 
Gross profit for 2019 was £85.8 million compared to £20.0 million for 2018. Overall cost 
of  sales  of  £164.7  million  compared  to  £15.7  million  for  2018.  This  comprised  £105.1 
million of operating costs (2018 - £13.1 million) and £52.6 million of non-cash depletion 
charges  (2018  –  £6.2  million).  There  was  also  a  charge  for  the  movement  during  the 
year in oil stocks. Serica’s significant underlift position at the end of 2018, including an 
oil  allocation  of  95,000  barrels  from  December  BKR  production,  was  reversed  during 
2019 leaving a small overlift position at year end 2019 and giving rise to a £7.0 million 
charge within cost of sales (2018 - £3.6 million credit).  

Operating  costs  include  costs  of  production,  processing,  transportation  and  insurance. 
Depletion charges are based upon the booked acquisition values for the BKR and Erskine 
transactions  allocated  on  a  unit  of  production  basis  for  the  relevant  period.  Operating 
costs  of  US$12.6  per  boe  compare  to  approximately  US$18  per  boe  for  full  year  2018 
calculated for comparative purposes on a proforma basis to include the BKR assets from 
the effective acquisition date of 1 January 2018. This reduction from the prior year level 
reflected both reduced costs and higher production rates. 

Depletion  charges  per  boe  of  £4.9  in  2019  are  calculated  on  a  unit  of  production  basis 
and reflected an increase in total booked proven and probable reserves. Operating costs 
of £12.2 million and depletion charges of £1.7 million related to the Erskine field whilst 
operating  costs  of  £92.9  million  and  depletion  charges  of  £50.9  million  related  to  the 
BKR fields. 

Operating profit before net finance revenue, tax and transaction costs 
Operating  profit  for  2019  was  £87.7  million  compared  to  £8.0  million  for  2018.  The 
increase  included  gas  price  hedging  gains  (other  income)  on  price  puts  and  swaps  of 
£10.6  million  (2018  -  £1.6  million  loss)  comprising  realised  gains  of  £3.9  million 
maturing in 2019 and unrealised gains of £6.7 million reflecting the estimated fair value 
of  further instruments  held in  respect of  future  periods.  Following net impairments  and 
write-backs  of  E&E  assets  of  £2.5  million  in  2018  there  were  minor  charges  of  £0.1 
million  in  2019.  Administrative  expenses  of  £6.0  million  for  2019,  up  from  £3.6  million 
for  2018,  reflected  the  additional  resources  required  to  support  the  much  expanded 
Serica organisation. Other expenses in 2019 comprised a foreign exchange loss of £1.0 
million (2018 - £0.1 million gain) arising on £/US$ currency movements during the year 
and share-based payments of £1.1 million for 2019 (2018 - £0.4 million). The operating 
profit for 2018 included BKR transition costs of £8.8 million with no further such charges 
in 2019. 

Profit before taxation and profit for the year 
Profit before taxation was £108.8 million (2018 – £39.5 million).  

The  2019  profit  before  taxation  includes  a  gain  of  £21.8  million  arising  following  a 
downwards  revision  of  the  fair  value  of  the  Balance  Sheet  financial  liability  relating  to 
consideration  projected  to  be  paid  under  the  BKR  agreements.    The  fair  value  of  this 
liability is  re-assessed  each  financial  period  end  and  the  most  significant factors  behind 
the downward revision released to the Income Statement are lower realised gas pricing 
on amounts paid in respect of 2019 and lower short-term gas prices used in the forecast 
of 2020 Net Cash Flow payments.  

The 2018 bargain purchase gain of £33.7 million represented the difference between fair 
valuations  of  the  BKR  assets  acquired  and  consideration  paid  or  potentially  payable 
- 17 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
calculated  in  accordance  with  applicable  accounting  standards.  In  accordance  with 
accounting  standards,  the  fair  value  was  provisionally  determined  at  year  end  2018. 
Adjustments  to  the  provisional  fair  value  assessments  have  been  identified  during  the 
current period. The net impact of the adjustments to the acquisition date balance sheet 
is  a  reduction  in  the  bargain  purchase  gain  of  £7.8  million.  This  comprises  a  combined 
£3.0  million  of  revisions  to  the  estimations  of  the  consideration  payable  and  of  the 
acquisition date fair value of inventory and trade and other payables, less a £10.8 million 
adjustment to the estimation of the deferred tax liabilities arising at the acquisition date. 
These final adjustments are reflected in the 2018 restated results. 

Finance  revenue  of  £0.6  million  (2018  -  £0.2  million)  represented  interest  earned  on 
cash  deposits.  Finance  costs  of  £1.3  million  (2018  –  £0.3  million)  represented  the 
discount  unwind  on  decommissioning  provisions  and  interest  payable  on  the  gas 
prepayment facility drawings.  

A non-cash deferred tax charge of £44.8 million compared to a credit of £12.0 million for 
2018.  The  prior  year  credit  largely  reflected  the  accelerated  recognition  of  the  Group’s 
historic  UK  ring  fenced  tax  losses  based  upon  the  significant  increase  in  projected 
income  arising  from  completion  of  the  BKR  acquisitions.  As  the  Company  continues  to 
benefit  from  accumulated  losses  carried  forward  from  previous  years  it  is  not  currently 
paying  cash  taxes.  It  is  nonetheless  required  to  make  provision  for  deferred  taxes  in 
recognition  of  future  periods  when  all losses  have  been  utilised  and  cash  payments  will 
be  made  and  this  is  reflected  in  the  provision  for  2019.  Tax  losses  remaining  at  31 
December 2019 are expected to continue to shelter income from cash tax payments for 
at least 2020 and potentially longer at current commodity prices. 

Overall, this  generated  a  profit  for  the year  of  £64.0  million  compared  to  £51.5  million 
for 2018.  

BALANCE SHEET 

The  balance  sheet  at  31  December  2019  demonstrates  Serica’s  significant  progress 
through the year.    

Exploration and evaluation assets showed a small increase from £3.2 million in 2018 to 
£3.7 million in 2019 reflecting minor ongoing licence work in the UK and Namibia.     

Property,  plant  and  equipment  decreased  from  £373.7  million  to  £325.4  million  during 
2019 principally reflecting depletion charges on oil and gas assets of £52.6 million (2018 
- £6.2 million) offset by £4.5 million of Columbus asset additions and other minor asset 
movements of £0.2 million. 

The  inventories  balance  of  £4.7  million  at  31  December  2019  (2018  –  £4.3  million) 
comprised materials and spare parts. Trade and other receivables decreased from £53.0 
million  in  2018  to  £35.9  million  in  2019  as  the  level  of  recoverables  outstanding 
following completion of the BKR transactions was reduced during 2019 and a significant 
liquids  underlift  prior  year  balance  of  £6.7  million  unwound  during  2019.  The  current 
2019 overlift position of £0.2 million is classified in liabilities. The 2019 balance includes 
trade  receivables  of  £20.9 million  (2018  –  £30.9  million), £10.9 million  of  recoverables 
from  JV  partners  (2018  –  £5.9  million)  and  other  receivables  and  prepayments  of  £4.1 
million (2018 – £9.5 million). 

The  derivative  financial  asset  of  £6.9  million  in  2019  (2018  -  £0.1  million)  represented 
the  fair  value  of  gas  price  put  options  and  swaps  in  place  as  at  31  December  2019 
covering the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. The year-end cash and 
cash  equivalent  balances  plus  term  deposits  totalled  £101.8  million  (2018  –  £43.1 
million).  

- 18 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
The reduction in current trade and other payables to £24.6 million at 31 December 2019 
from  £35.2  million  in  2018  represents  settlement  during  2019  of  amounts  outstanding 
following completion of the BKR acquisitions. Current provisions of £1.8 million (2018  – 
£1.8  million)  represent  certain  contingent liabilities  related  to  savings in  field operating 
costs that may fall due under the Erskine acquisition agreement. 

Financial  liabilities  of  £45.4  million  (2018  -  £90.3  million)  within  current  liabilities  and 
£110.1 million (2018 – £164.5 million) within non-current liabilities comprise remaining 
amounts projected to be paid under the BKR agreements. The current  element includes 
amounts  estimated  to  be  payable  under  the  BKR  net  cash  flow  sharing  arrangements 
during 2020 plus fixed amounts of US$10.0 million (2018 - US$5.0 million in current and 
US$10.0 million in non-current financial liabilities) due to Total E&P also under the BKR 
agreements.  Current  and  non-current  amounts  due  under  the  net  cash  flow  sharing 
arrangements  are  based  on  forward  projections  of  production volumes  and  sales  prices 
with final liabilities ultimately calculated on production volumes and  sales prices actually 
achieved in the respective periods. Non-current financial liabilities also include estimated 
deferred consideration in respect of Rhum field performance and BKR decommissioning. 

Non-current  provisions  of  £22.6 million  have  been  made  in  respect  of  decommissioning 
liabilities  for  the  Bruce  and  Keith  interests  acquired  from  Marubeni  (2018  -  £22.6 
million).  These  were  not  subject  to  the  same  contingent  and  deferred  consideration 
arrangements as those field interests acquired from BP, Total E&P and BHP respectively 
under  which  decommissioning liabilities  were  retained  by  the  vendors  with  Serica liable 
to pay deferred consideration equivalent to 30% of the actual costs of decommissioning 
net  of  tax  recovered  by  them.  No  provision  is  included  for  decommissioning  liabilities 
related  to  the  Erskine  facilities  as  these  are  retained  by  BP  up  to  a  cap  which  is  not 
projected to be exceeded.   

Overall net assets have increased from £131.8 million in 2018 to £198.0 million in 2019. 

The  increase  in  share  capital  from  £180.3  million  to  £181.4  million  arose  from  shares 
issued  following  the  exercise  of  share  options  and  shares  issued  under  an  employee 
share  scheme,  whilst  the  increase  in  other  reserve  from  £16.7  million  to  £17.8  million 
arose from share-based payments related to share option awards.   

CASH BALANCES AND FUTURE COMMITMENTS 

Current cash position and price hedging 
At 31 December 2019 the Group held cash and cash equivalents of £101.8 million (2018 
– £42.1 million) with no term deposits (2018 – £1.0 million). Of this total, £12.1 million 
was held in a restricted account as security against letters of credit issued in respect of 
certain  decommissioning  liabilities.  The  main  element  of  the  increase  was  Serica’s 
retained  share  of  the  strong  net  operating  cash  flows  from  the  Company’s  producing 
interests.  These  amounts  were  offset  by  cash  payments totalling  £57.3  million  (2018  – 
net  receipts  of  £22.2  million)  under  the  BKR  acquisition  agreements,  primarily  monthly 
payments  to  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  respectively,  of  50%  of  net  operating  cash  flows 
derived from the Bruce, Keith and, in the case of BP, Rhum interests acquired from those 
companies. Amounts due under the net cash flow sharing arrangements fall to 40% for 
2020/2021 and zero thereafter. The increase was also generated after full repayment of 
£15.7 million before interest of the BKR prepayment facility (2018  - £12.8 drawing) and 
£4.6 million of capital costs on Columbus and Erskine.   

At  31  December  2019  Serica  held  gas  price  puts  covering  volumes  of  160,000  therms 
per  day  for  1H  2020  at  a  floor  price  of  35  pence  per  therm  with  no  upside  price 
restrictions.  Serica  also held  gas  price swaps  at  fixed  prices  of; 46.55  pence per  therm 
covering 160,000 therms per day for Q1 2020, 40.75 pence per therm covering 160,000 
therms per day for Q2 2020, 37.6 pence per therm covering 80,000 therms per day for 
Q3 2020 and 45.41 pence per therm covering 80,000 therms per day for Q4 2020. 

- 19 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In  January  2020,  Serica  obtained  additional  gas  price  swaps  covering  120,000  therms 
per  day  for  Q1  2021  at  an  average  of  45.95  pence  per  therm.  In  March  2020,  further 
swaps of 80,000 therms per day for November 2020 at 32.55 pence per therm, 100,000 
therms  per  day  for  December  2020  at  35.55  pence  per  therm  and  65,000  therms  per 
day for Q1 2021 at 36.20 pence per therm were obtained.  

Following  onset  of  the  COVID-19  crisis,  cash  projections have  been  run  to  examine  the 
potential  impact  of  extended  low  oil  and  gas  prices  as  well  as  possible  production 
interruptions. Some 80% of Serica’s production is gas with low prices partially mitigated 
by price hedging up to 31 March 2021. The BKR net cash flow sharing arrangements and 
structuring  of  the  Rhum  deferred  consideration  further  mitigate  the impact  of low  sales 
prices and any production interruptions to end 2021 upon net income. This allied to the 
fact  that  Serica  currently  has  substantial  cash  resources,  no  borrowings  and  relatively 
low  operating  costs  per  boe  means  that  the  Company  is  well  placed  to  withstand  such 
risks and its limited capital commitments can be funded from existing cash resources. 

Field and other capital commitments 
Following  completion  of  the  condensate  export  line  bypass  there  are  no  further  capital 
commitments  on  the  Erskine  producing  field  and  net  production  revenues  are  expected 
to cover ongoing field expenditures.  

Serica’s  share  of  income  from  the  BKR  fields,  after  net  cash  flow  sharing  payments,  is 
expected to cover Serica’s retained share of ongoing field expenditures as well as other 
contingent  or  deferred  consideration  due  under  the  respective  BKR  acquisition 
agreements  set  out  below.  Plans  to  workover  the  Rhum  R3  well  are  in  hand  with  work 
expected  to  be  carried  out  in  Q4  2020  with  expenditures  met  from  existing  cash 
resources. 

The  Columbus  development  is  underway  with  first  gas  expected  in  late  2021.  Total 
expenditure net to Serica’s share of development costs outstanding at 1 January 2020 is 
estimated at approximately £23 million. 

The Group has no significant exploration commitments apart from the well on North Eigg 
prospect to be drilled within three years of the November 2019 licence award. 

BKR asset acquisitions 
On  30  November  2018  Serica  completed  the  four  BKR  acquisitions.    The  following 
elements of consideration were still outstanding at 31 December 2019:  

•  A contingent payment of £16 million is due to BP Exploration Operating Company 
(“BPEOC”)  upon  a  successful  outcome  of  work  to  bring  the  Rhum  R3  well  onto 
production  and  demonstration  of  a  minimum  cumulative  90  days  of  gas 
production at a defined level.  

•  Contingent payments of up to £7.7 million are due to BPEOC for each of 2020 and 
2021  based  upon  Rhum  field  performance  and  sales  prices  in  the  respective 
years.  There  will  then  be  a  final  calculation  of  the  combined  performances 
covering  these  years  plus  2019  applied  to  total  consideration  of  £23.1  million. 
The  payment  in  respect  of  2019  was  £2.6  million  and  further  payments  are 
expected  to  be  significantly  reduced  based  upon  current  projected  production 
volumes and market prices.  

•  Two further instalments of deferred consideration of US$5 million each are due to 

Total E&P due in April 2020 and December 2020.   

• 

In  addition,  Serica  will  pay  contingent  cash  consideration  to  BPEOC,  Total  E&P 
and  BHP  calculated  as  40%  of  net  cash  flows  resulting  from  the  respective  field 
interests  acquired  from  those  companies  in  each  of  2020  and  2021.  Such 

- 20 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
amounts  will  be  paid  by  Serica  pre-tax  on  a  monthly  basis  and  then  offset  by 
Serica against its own tax liabilities. 

•  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  will  retain liability,  in  respect  of  the field interests  Serica 
acquired from  each  of  them, for  all the  costs  of  decommissioning those facilities 
that  existed  at  the  date  of  completion.  Serica  will  pay  deferred  contingent 
consideration  equal  to  30%  of  actual  future  decommissioning  costs,  reduced  by 
the tax relief that each of BP, Total E&P and BHP receives on such costs.  Staged 
prepayments  against  such  projected  amounts  will  commence  in  2022  and  be 
spread over the remaining years before cessation of field production 

•  Serica will pay to each of BP, Total E&P and BHP, deferred consideration equal to 
90% of their respective shares of the realised value of oil in the Bruce pipeline at 
the end of field life.  

OTHER 

Asset values and impairment 
At 31 December 2019, Serica’s market capitalisation stood at £345.3 million based upon 
a  share  price  of  129.2  pence  which  exceeded  the  net  asset value  of  £198.0  million.  By 
21  April  the  Company’s  market  capitalisation  has  fallen  to  £216.9  million.  Management 
has  carried  out  a  thorough  review  of  the  carrying  value  of  the  Group’s  assets  and 
determined that no write-downs are required.  

- 21 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
BUSINESS RISK AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Serica, like all companies in the oil and gas industry, operates in an environment subject 
to  inherent  risks  and  uncertainties.  The  Board  regularly  considers  the  principal  risks  to 
which  the  Group  is  exposed  and  monitors  any  agreed  mitigating  actions.  The  overall 
strategy  for  the  protection  of  shareholder  value  against these  risks is to  retain  a  broad 
portfolio of assets with varied risk/reward profiles, to apply prudent industry practice, to 
carry insurance, where both available and cost effective, and to retain adequate working 
capital.  

The  four  BKR  acquisitions  have  greatly  increased  production  levels  which,  along  with 
associated cash receipts upon completion, have enabled Serica to build a strong working 
capital  reserve.  This  is  available  to  respond  to  a  range  of  risks  including  production 
interruptions,  severe  commodity  price  falls  and  unexpected  costs.  To  supplement  this 
the  Company  carries  business  interruption  insurance  to  meet  estimated  field  operating 
costs  over  sustained  periods  of  production  shut-in,  where  caused  by  events  covered 
under  such  policies.  The  Company  also  uses  price  hedging instruments to  help  manage 
field revenues and will continue to seek cost effective opportunities to add to its existing 
gas  price  puts  and  swaps.  These  currently  cover  an  estimated  30%  of  the  Company’s 
retained share of projected 2020 gas production. 

The  principal  risks  currently  recognised  and  the  mitigating  actions  taken  by  the 
management are as follows: 

Investment Returns: Management seeks to invest in a portfolio of exploration, 
development and producing acreage delivering returns to shareholders through 
acquisitions of producing assets to which it can add further value and through the 
discovery and exploitation of commercial reserves. Delivery of this business model 
carries a number of key risks.  
Risk 

Mitigation 

Stock market support may be eroded 
lowering investor appetite and 
obstructing fundraising 

•  Management regularly 

communicates its strategy to 
shareholders 

Each investment carries its own risk 
profile and no outcome can be certain 

•  Focus is placed on building a 

diverse and resilient asset portfolio 
capable of offering prospectivity 
throughout the business cycle 

•  Management aims to avoid over-
exposure to individual assets, to 
identify the associated risks 
objectively and mitigate where 
practical 

Operations: Operations may not go according to plan leading to damage, pollution, 
cost overruns or poor outcomes. 
Risk 

Mitigation 

Production may be interrupted generating 
significant revenue loss whilst costs 
continue to be incurred 

•  The Company seeks to diversify its 

revenue streams 

•  Management also determines and 
retains an appropriate level of 
working capital 

•  Business interruption cover is 

- 22 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third party offtake routes may experience 
restrictions or interruptions and full 
availability may depend upon sustained 
production from other fields in the system  

The Company is reliant upon its IT 
systems to maintain operations and 
communications  

carried when cost effective 

•  The Group aims to diversify its 

exposure to offtake routes where 
possible though all of its oil 
production currently uses the FPS 
system  

•  The Group carries business 

interruption cover 

•  The Group employs specialist 

support and  

•  Protection against external 

intrusion is incorporated within the 
system and tested regularly  

Personnel: The Group relies upon a pool of experienced and motivated personnel to 
conduct its operations and execute successful investment strategies 
Risks 
Key personnel may be lost to other 
companies 

•  The Remuneration Committee 

Mitigation 

regularly evaluates incentivisation 
schemes to ensure they remain 
competitive 

Personal safety may be at risk in 
demanding operating environments, 
typically offshore 

•  The Group seeks to build depth of 
experience in all key functions to 
ensure continuity 

•  A culture of safety is encouraged 
throughout the organisation 

•  Responsible personnel are 

designated at all appropriate levels 

•  The Group maintains up-to-date 

emergency response resources and 
procedures 

Political and commercial environment: World share and commodity markets and 
political environments continue to be volatile 
 Risk 
Sanctions imposed by the U.S. 
government may threaten continuing 
production from the Rhum field and 
licences are required to be renewed 
periodically 

obtained which has enabled 
continuing production from Rhum 

•  An OFAC Licence has been 

Mitigation 

•  Serica initiates the renewal process 
well in advance of the specified 
date 

Volatile commodity prices mean that the 
Group cannot be certain of the future 
sales value of its products 

•  Planning and forecasting considers 

downside price scenarios 

•  Oil and gas floor price hedging 

may be utilised where deemed cost 
effective 

- 23 - 

 
 
 
 
•  Price mitigation strategies may be 
employed at the point of major 
capital commitment 

COVID-19: The impact of the virus has significantly affected the majority of global 
activities and markets. The full extent and duration of the crisis remains uncertain. 
 Risk 
The Company’s personnel may be at risk 
from catching the virus 

•  The Company has instituted 

Mitigation 

recommended safe practices and 
will maintain these as necessary 

•  Serica has instituted a programme 

of working from home where 
feasible and temporarily closed its 
London and Aberdeen offices 

•  The Company has reduced the 

number of staff working offshore to 
a safe minimum and encourages 
safe working and travelling 
practices 

The spread of infection and associated 
counter measures may interrupt offshore 
operations 

•  The Company has reduced the 

number of staff working offshore to 
a safe minimum 

The continued operation of Serica’s fields 
may be adversely affected by 
interruptions to operations of fields and 
infrastructure downstream 

The crisis and associated reduction in 
global activity and travel have severely 
impacted commodity markets and prices 
and may continue to do so for an 
undetermined period of time 

•  Management encourages safe 
practices both offshore and 
travelling to and from the platform 

•  Serica carries a working capital 

reserve to cover such eventualities 

•  Serica works with the regulatory 
bodies and infrastructure owners 
to identify and mitigate any such 
risks 

•  Serica uses commodity price 

hedging instruments where 
deemed cost effective 

• 

Investment strategies and 
expenditure programmes are 
evaluated under a range of price 
scenarios 

•  Serica is reducing non-essential 
work and costs where practical 

In addition to the principal risks and uncertainties described herein, the Group is subject 
to a number of other risk factors generally, a description of which is set out in our latest 
annual information form available on www.sedar.com. 

- 24 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”) 

The  Company’s  main  business  is  the  acquisition,  development  and  production  of 
commercially  attractive  oil  and  gas  reserves  in  a  safe  and  environmentally  sensitive 
manner.  This is  achieved  both  through pursuing the  full  cycle  of  exploration,  discovery, 
development  and  production  and  also  through  acquiring  existing  reserves  where 
management  believe  that  further  value  can  be  added.  The  Company  tracks  its  non-
financial  performance  through  the  building  of  a  risk-balanced  portfolio  of  full  cycle 
assets, the accumulation of commercial oil and gas reserves and the efficient production 
of  those  reserves.  In  parallel,  the  Company  tracks  and  reports  its  HSE  and  ESG 
performance. Financial performance is tracked through the management of expenditures 
within  resources  available,  the  optimal exploitation  of  production infrastructure  and  the 
cost-effective production of reserves. A review of the Company’s progress against these 
KPIs is covered in the operations and financial review within this Strategic Report. 

S172 statement 

The  Directors’  statement  under  Section  172  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  is  included  on 
pages 45 and 46. 

Additional Information 

Additional  information  relating  to  Serica,  can  be  found  on  the  Company’s  website  at 
www.serica-energy.com and on SEDAR at www.sedar.com 

The Strategic Report has been approved by the Board of Directors. 

On behalf of the Board 
Mitch Flegg 
Chief Executive Officer 

22 April 2020 

Forward Looking Statements 

This  disclosure  contains  certain  forward  looking  statements  that  involve  substantial 
known  and  unknown  risks  and  uncertainties,  some  of  which  are  beyond  Serica  Energy 
plc’s  control, including:  the impact  of  general  economic  conditions  where  Serica  Energy 
plc operates, industry conditions, changes in laws and regulations including the adoption 
of new environmental laws and regulations and changes in how they are interpreted and 
enforced,  increased  competition,  the  lack  of  availability  of  qualified  personnel  or 
management,  fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange  or  interest  rates,  stock  market  volatility 
and market valuations of companies with respect to announced transactions and the final 
valuations  thereof,  and  obtaining  required  approvals  of  regulatory  authorities.    Serica 
Energy  plc’s  actual  results,  performance  or  achievement  could  differ  materially  from 
those expressed in, or implied by, these forward looking statements and, accordingly, no 
assurances  can  be  given  that  any  of  the  events  anticipated  by  the  forward  looking 
statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do so, what benefits, including the 
amount of proceeds, that Serica Energy plc will derive therefrom. 

- 25 - 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT  

The Directors of the Company present their report and the Group financial statements of 
Serica Energy plc (“Serica” or the “Company”) for the year ended 31 December 2019. 

Principal Activities  

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings (the “Group”) is to 
identify,  acquire,  explore  and  subsequently  exploit  oil  and  gas  reserves.  Its  current 
activities are located in the United Kingdom and Namibia. 

Business Review and Future Developments  

A  review  of the  business  and  the  future  developments  of  the  Group is  presented in  the 
Strategic  Report  (including  a  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  Report,  a  Review  of  Operations 
and  Financial  Review)  and  Chairman’s  Statement  (all  of  which,  together  with  the 
Corporate  Governance  Statement,  are  incorporated  by  reference  into  this  Directors’ 
Report). 

Results and Dividends 

The profit for the year was £64,020,000 (2018: £51,485,000). 

In view of the strong performance of the Company, the Directors are recommending the 
payment of a final dividend of 3 pence per share for the year to 31 December 2019, see 
note 14 (2018: £nil). 

Financial Instruments 

The Group’s financial risk management objectives and policies are discussed in note 25. 

Events Since Balance Sheet Date 

Events since the balance sheet date are included in Note 33. 

Directors and their Interests 

The following Directors have held office in the Company since 1 January 2019 to the date 
of this report: 

Antony Craven Walker 
Neil Pike 
Ian Vann 
Mitch Flegg  
Trevor Garlick 
Malcolm Webb 

The Directors who held office at the end of the financial year had the following interests 
in the ordinary shares of the Company according to the register of Directors’ interests: 

Antony Craven Walker (1) 
Neil Pike (2) 
Ian Vann 
Mitch Flegg 
Malcolm Webb 
Trevor Garlick 

Class 
 of 
share 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 

- 26 - 

Interest at 
end of year 

7,357,694 
505,000 
267,935 
184,445 
44,681 
- 

Interest at 
start of year 
(or date of 
appointment if 
later)  
7,357,694 
505,000 
267,935 
184,445 
44,681 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.  6,448,810  ordinary  shares  were  held  by  Antony  Craven  Walker  and  908,884  by  Rathbones 
(pension funds).  

2. 190,000 ordinary shares were held by Romayne Pike in her ISA and 185,000 ordinary shares by 
Luska Limited.  

None of the Directors who held office at the end of the financial year had any disclosable 
interest in the shares of other Group companies. 

No  rights to  subscribe for  shares in  or debentures  of  Group  companies  were  granted to 
any  of  the  Directors  or  their  immediate  families,  or  exercised  by  them,  during  the 
financial year except as indicated below: 

Details  of  share  awards  that  have  been  granted  to  certain  Directors  under  the  Serica 
Energy  plc  Share  Option  Plan  2005  (“Serica  2005  Option  Plan”)  are included in note  29 
to  the  Financial  Statements.  Details  of  share  awards  made  during  2019  and  up  to  21 
April  2020  under  the  Serica  Energy  plc  Long  Term  Incentive  Plan  (the  “LTIP”)  are  also 
included in note 29. 

Auditor 

A resolution to reappoint Ernst & Young LLP, as auditor will be put to the members at the 
annual general meeting. 

Disclosure of information to auditors 

The  directors  who  were  members  of  the  Board  at  the  time  of  approving  the  Directors’ 
Report  are  listed  above.  So  far  as  each  person  who  was  a  director  at  the  date  of 
approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information, being information 
needed  by  the  auditor  in  connection  with  preparing  its  report,  of  which  the  auditor  is 
unaware.  Having  made  enquiries  of  fellow  directors  and  the  Group’s  auditor,  each 
director has taken all the steps that he is obliged to take as a director in order to made 
himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware 
of that information. 

On behalf of the Board 

Mitch Flegg 
Director 
22 April 2020 

- 27 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

Chairman’s Corporate Governance Statement: 

I  am  pleased  to  introduce  the  corporate  governance  section  of  our  report  which  explains  how 
the Company’s governance framework supports the principles of integrity, strong ethical values 
and  professionalism  integral  to  our  business.  As  Chairman  of  the  Company  it  is  my 
responsibility  to  work  with  my  fellow  Board  members  to  ensure  that  the  Company  embraces 
corporate governance and delivers the highest standards we can. It is within my role to manage 
the Board in the best interests of our many stakeholders.  Good governance depends on strong 
and  effective  leadership  and  a  healthy  corporate  culture,  supported  by  robust  systems  and 
processes and a good understanding of risk.  As we said last year as a Board we recognise that 
we are accountable to our many stakeholders and this report, together with the reports of the 
Audit,  Nomination  &  Corporate  Governance,  Remuneration  and  Health,  Reserves,  Safety  & 
Environmental  Committees,  seeks  to  demonstrate  our  commitment  to  high  standards  of 
governance. Our bid to maintain good levels of corporate governance has allowed us to build a 
healthy  corporate  culture  throughout  the  organisation.  The  Board  is  fully  supportive  of 
embracing high levels of corporate governance.   

The  Company  adopts  the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance  Corporate  Governance  Code  2018  (the 
‘QCA Code’) which it believes to be the most appropriate recognised corporate governance code 
for the Company. We report our compliance with the QCA Code through the AIM Rule 26 section 
of our website and in areas of our Annual Report. 

2019 has been a year of strong performance which has established Serica as one of the leading 
independent  UKCS  operators.    We  continue  to  look  at  ways  in  which  we  can  improve  on  this 
performance  but  do  so  without  prejudicing  our high  standards towards  Corporate  Governance, 
the Health and Safety of our employees, ethics and the Environment.  

Finally, the importance of engaging with our shareholders continues and underpins the success 
of the business. The Board strives to ensure that there are numerous opportunities for investors 
to engage with both the Board and executive team. 

Antony Craven Walker  
Executive Chairman 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The QCA Code has ten principles of corporate governance that the Company has committed to 
apply within the foundations of the business. These principles are:  

Principles 
Establish a strategy and business 
model which promote long-term 
value for shareholders 

Seek  to  understand  and  meet 
shareholder 
and 
expectations 

needs 

into 

Take 
stakeholder 
responsibilities 
implications for long-term success 

account 
and 

wider 
social 
their 

and 

throughout 

Embed effective risk management, 
considering both opportunities and 
threats, 
the 
organisation 
Maintain  the  Board  as  a  well-
functioning  balanced  team  led  by 
the Chair 

Ensure  that  between  them  the 
directors  have  the  necessary  up-
to-date  experience,  skills  and 
capabilities 

Evaluate Board performance based 
on  clear  and  relevant  objectives, 
seeking continuous improvement 

Promote a corporate culture that is 
based  on  ethical  values  and 
behaviors  

Serica Response 
The  Company  operates  in  a  sector  that  is  exposed 
to  political,  operational,  commercial,  product 
pricing  and  hazard  risk.  Its  strategy  is  to  manage 
risks, financial capacity and growth opportunities in 
the  business  through  an  active  programme  of 
acquisition  and  divestment  to  balance  risk  and 
potential  whilst  optimising  operating  costs  and 
procedures to improve performance and identifying 
new  technologies  that  can  enhance  value.  The 
Company seeks a forward looking, professional and 
safety  conscious  culture  in  all  that  it  does  to 
provide  an  environment  for  the  benefit  of  all 
stakeholders. 
The  Company  engages  with  shareholders  at  the 
Annual  General  Meeting,  after  the  announcement 
of  interim  and  final  results  and  regularly  presents 
at investor events.  

The  Company  seeks  to  be  a  responsible  corporate 
citizen in all its areas of operation and is committed 
to  maintaining  a  high  standard  of  corporate 
governance.  

The  Company  has  published  a  Environmental, 
Social  and  Governance  Report.  See  further  details 
on pages 47 to 49.  

The  Company  has  an  effective  risk  management 
framework,  which  is  subject  to  oversight  by  the 
Audit Committee. See further details on page 38.  

Refer  to  further  discussion  of  the  Board  structure 
and composition on pages 32 and 33. 

The  complementary  skills  and  experience  of  our 
Board  and  Executive  Management 
team  are 
included on pages 30 to 31.  

Refer to discussion of Board evaluation on page 35.  

The  Company  has  a  zero-tolerance  approach  to 
bribery  and  corruption  and  has  an  Anti-Bribery 
Policy  in  place  to  protect  the  Company,  its 
employees  and  those  third  parties  with  which  the 
business  engages.  Employees  have  each  partaken 
in Anti-Bribery training and assessment.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maintain  governance  structures 
and  processes  that  are  fit  for 
purpose 
good 
decision-making by the Board  

support 

and 

Refer  to  further  discussion  of  the  Company’s 
governance  structures,  including  matters  reserved 
for the Board, on page 36.  

Communicate how the Company is 
governed  and  is  performing  by 
dialogue  with 
maintaining 
shareholders  and  other  relevant 
stakeholders 

a 

and 

Company’s 

The 
operational 
financial 
performance  is  summarised  in  the  Annual  Report 
and  the  Interim  Report,  with  regular  updates 
provided  to  stakeholders  in  other  forums  through 
the  year,  including  press  releases  and  regular 
updates to the Company’s website.  

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT TEAM AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS/PROFILES  

Antony Craven Walker, Executive Chairman, started his career with BP in 1966 and has been a 
leading  figure  in  the  British  independent  oil  industry  since  the  early  1970s.  Mr  Craven  Walker 
founded  two  British  independent  oil  companies,  Charterhouse  Petroleum,  where  he  held  the 
post of Chief Executive, and Monument Oil and Gas, where he held the post of Chief Executive 
and  later  became  Chairman.  Mr  Craven  Walker  was  also  a  founder  member  of  BRINDEX 
(Association  of  British  Independent  Oil  Exploration  Companies).  Mr  Craven  Walker  was 
appointed Non-Executive Chairman of the Company in 2004 and, following the retirement of the 
then Chief Executive in April 2011, initially acted as interim Chief Executive. With effect from 1 
June  2015,  he  took  the  role  of  Executive  Chairman  following  the  departure  of  two  Executive 
Directors. Under his direction the Company embarked upon its strategy to refocus on the North 
Sea and build a strong production base. Mr Craven Walker’s experience in the oil and gas and 
public  market  sectors  gives  him  the  skills  necessary  to  provide  the  services  of  Executive 
Chairman as the Company continues to develop its business strategy. 

Committees: Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee.  

Mitch Flegg, Chief Executive officer has over 35 years of experience in the upstream oil and gas 
industry,  including  positions  at  Shell  and  Enterprise  Oil.  Mr  Flegg  first  joined  the  Company  in 
2006 and was responsible for all drilling and development operations. He was promoted to the 
position  of  Chief  Operating  Officer  in  March  2011  and  appointed  to  the  Board  in  September 
2012.  Mr  Flegg  left  the  Company  in  May  2015  to  become  CEO  of  Circle  Oil  Plc.  Mr  Flegg  re-
joined the Board on 21 November 2017 as Chief Executive Officer on the announcement of the 
BKR transaction. Mr Flegg’s background and experience ensures that the Company is effectively 
led  to  achieve  the  Company’s  long-term  strategic  goals  and  becomes  a  leading  producer  and 
operator.  Mr  Flegg  was  appointed  to  the  board  of  OGUK,  The  UK  Oil  and  Gas  Industry 
Association Limited in April 2020. 

Committees: Reserves Committee, Health Safety & Environmental Committee.  

Neil  Pike,  the  Senior  Independent  Non-Executive  Director  joined  the  Company  as  a  director in 
2004.  Mr  Pike  has  been  involved  in  the  global  petroleum  business  as  a  financier  since  joining 
the  energy  department  at  Citibank  in  1975.  Mr  Pike  remained  an  industry  specialist  with 
Citibank  throughout  his  career  until  he  joined  the  Company  and  was  closely  involved  in  the 
development  of  specialised  oil  field  finance.  Latterly  he  was  responsible  for  Citibank’s 
relationships  with  the  oil  and  gas  industry  worldwide.  Mr  Pike  with  his  financial  background 
provides the experience required as chairman of the Audit Committee to challenge the financial 
decisions of the business and also to work with and question the Group’s auditors as required. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Committees:  Audit  Committee  (Chair),  Remuneration  Committee,  Nomination  &  Corporate 
Governance Committee. 

Ian Vann, Non-Executive Director joined the Board in 2007. Mr Vann was employed by BP from 
1976  and  directed  and  led  BP’s  global  exploration  efforts  from  1996  until  his  retirement  in 
January  2007.    Mr  Vann  was  appointed  to  the  executive  leadership  team  of  the  Exploration  & 
Production  Division  of  BP  in  2001,  initially  as  Group  Vice  President,  Technology  and  later  as 
Group  Vice  President,  Exploration  and  Business  Development.  Mr  Vann’s  industry  background 
provides  the  Board  with  the  necessary  expertise  to  review  and  challenge  decisions  and 
opportunities presented both within the formal arena of the boardroom and as called upon when 
needed by the executives.  Mr Vann chairs the Company’s Remuneration Committee. 

Committees:  Remuneration  Committee  (Chair),  Health  Safety  &  Environmental  Committee, 
Audit Committee and Reserves Committee.  

Trevor  William  Garlick,  Non-Executive  Director  joined  the  Board  on  30  November  2018,  on 
completion  of  the  BKR  transaction.  Mr  Garlick  started  his  career  in  1982  with  Marathon  Oil 
International,  before  joining  BP  in  1986,  where  he  worked  for  30  years,  latterly  as  Regional 
President for BP in UK and Norway from 2010 until his retirement in 2016. Mr Garlick was the 
Operator’s Chair of the industry association, Oil & Gas UK, from 2014 to 2016 and is currently a 
director  of  Opportunity  North  East  Limited  and  Vice  Chairman  of  the  Oil  &  Gas  Technology 
Centre.  As  a  newly  appointed  Non-Executive  to  the  Board,  Mr  Garlick  brings  a  wealth  of 
experience  and  a  fresh  pair  of  eyes  to the  business.    Mr  Garlick  chairs  the  Company’s  Health, 
Safety and Environment Committee and the Reserves Committee.  

Committees:  Health  Safety  &  Environmental  Committee  (Chair),  Reserves  Committee  (Chair) 
and Audit Committee.  

Malcolm Webb, Non-Executive Director joined the Board on 30 November 2018, on completion 
of  the  BKR transaction.  Mr  Webb  started  his  career  with  Burmah  Oil  Company in 1974,  before 
joining  the  British  National  Oil  Corporation in  1976  and Charterhouse  Petroleum in  1981,  as  a 
solicitor  working  in  various  legal  roles.  Between  1986  and  1999,  Mr  Webb  worked  in  the 
Petrofina  SA  Group  in  various  senior  management  roles,  leaving  as  Managing  Director  of  Fina 
plc.  In  2001,  Mr  Webb  joined  the  UK  Petroleum  Industry  Association  as  Director  General  and 
between 2004 and 2015 served as Chief Executive to the industry association, Oil & Gas UK. Mr 
Webb’s  industry  background,  together  with  his  corporate  and  legal  experience  provides  the 
Board  with  the  expertise  to  review  and  challenge  decisions  and  opportunities  presented.    Mr 
Webb chairs the Company’s Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee. 

Committees:  Nomination  &  Corporate  Governance  Committee  (Chair)  and  Remuneration 
Committee.  

Kate Coppinger, Non-Executive Director joined the Board on  22 April 2020. Ms. Coppinger has 
over 20 years’ investment banking experience, primarily focused on providing M&A advice to oil 
and gas companies. Her career includes roles at Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Harrison 
Lovegrove  and  most  recently  as  Managing  Director  at  Standard  Chartered  in  the  Oil  and  Gas 
team responsible for origination and execution of transactions for European clients.  Her global 
transaction  experience  spans  Asia  through  to  South  America  with  particular  emphasis  on  the 
North Sea. 

31 

 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK  

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE  

The Board of Directors acknowledge the importance of corporate governance, believing that the 
QCA  Code  provides  the  Company  with  the  right  framework  to  maintain  a  strong  level  of 
governance. 

The Board retains ultimate accountability for good governance and maintains full and effective 
control  over  the  Company.  The  Company  holds  regular  Board  meetings  at  which  financial, 
operational  and  other  reports  are  considered  and,  where  appropriate,  voted  on.  The  Board  is 
responsible  for  the  Group’s  strategy,  performance,  key  financial  and  compliance  issues, 
approval of any major capital expenditure and the framework of internal controls.  

There is  a  clearly  defined  organisational  structure with lines  of  responsibility  and  delegation  of 
authority to executive management. The Board is responsible for monitoring the activities of the 
executive  management.  The  Board  has  five  independent,  Non-Executive  Directors  to  bring  an 
independent view to the Board. The Chairman has the responsibility of ensuring that the Board 
discharges  its  responsibilities  and  is  also  responsible  for  facilitating  full  and  constructive 
contributions  from  each  member  of  the  Board  in  determination  of  the  Group’s  strategy  and 
overall  commercial  objectives.  In  the  event  of  an  equality  of votes  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board, 
the Chairman has a second or casting vote. 

The  Company  is  committed  to  a  corporate  culture  that  is  based  on  sound  ethical  values  and 
behaviours and it seeks to instil these values across the organisation as a whole. The Company 
promotes  its  commitment  through  its  public  statements  on  its  website,  in  its  report  and 
accounts and internally through its communications to its employees and other stakeholders. 

The  Company  has  adopted  a  code  of  dealings  in  securities  which  the  Board  regards  as 
appropriate for an AIM listed company and is compliant with the Market Abuse Regulations. The 
Company  takes  all  reasonable  steps  to  ensure  compliance  by  the  directors,  employees  and 
agents with the provisions of the AIM rules relating to dealings in securities.  

The directors take the issue of bribery and corruption seriously. The directors acknowledge the 
importance of ensuring that the Company, its employees and those third parties with which the 
business engages are operating within the requirements of the Bribery Act. The Company has a 
zero-tolerance  approach  to  bribery  and  corruption  and  has  adopted  an  anti-bribery  policy  to 
protect the Group, its employees and those third parties with which the Company engages. An 
online training session is adopted by the Company to ensure that all employees and the Board 
are compliant with the anti-bribery policy. 

Since  the  onset  of  the  COVID-19  crisis the  Board  has  adopted  working-from-home  procedures 
and  has  also  sponsored  the  application  of  working  practices  in  line  with  government  advice 
throughout  the  Company’s  operations.  It  has  increased  monitoring  of  the  potential  impacts  of 
the  crisis  on  the  Company  including  reviewing  a  range  of  cash  flow  projections  incorporating 
downside  price  and  other  scenarios  and  is  keeping  Company  strategies  and  potential 
opportunities under review. 

BOARD COMPOSITION  

As at 31 December 2019, the Board of the Company consisted of the Executive Chairman, the 
Chief  Executive  Officer  and  five  non-executive  Directors.  Neil  Pike,  as  the  senior  independent 
Non-Executive  director  along  with  the  other  Non-Executive  Directors  ensure  the  Board 
independence  required  given  the  Company  has  an  Executive  Chairman.  All  the  Non-Executive 
directors  are  independent  in  character  and  judgement  and  have  the  range  of  experience  and 
calibre  to  bring  independent  judgement  on  issues  of  strategy,  performance,  resources  and 
standards of conduct which is vital to the success of the Group. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The Board believes that there is an adequate balance between the Non-Executive and Executive 
directors,  both  in  number  and  in  experience  and  expertise,  to  ensure  that  the  Board  operates 
independently of executive management.  

BOARD COMMITTEES AND STRUCTURE  

The  Board  has  established  a  Nomination  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee,  an  Audit 
Committee,  a  Reserves  Committee,  a  Remuneration  and  Compensation  Committee  and  a 
Health, Safety and Environmental Committee.  All Committees are committed to report back to 
the Board following a Committee meeting. 

Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee 

The  Nomination  &  Corporate  Governance  Committee  assists  the  Board’s  oversight  of  the 
Company’s observance of the QCA Code and the Corporate Governance Guidelines, compliance 
with the rules of AIM and other relevant corporate governance rules, including compliance with 
the  Company’s  Share  Dealing  Code  and  with  AIM  rules  relating  to  dealings  by  directors  or 
employees  in  the  Company’s  shares.  The  Committee  is  also  responsible  for  monitoring  the 
overall effectiveness of the Board and its Committees, proposing to the Board new nominees for 
election as directors to the Board, determining succession plans and for assessing directors on 
an ongoing basis. 

The  Nomination  &  Corporate  Governance  Committee  is  comprised  of  the  Executive  Chairman 
and two independent Non-Executive Directors. The Committee is chaired by Malcolm Webb and 
its other members are Antony Craven Walker and Neil Pike. 

The Committee met three times during 2019 and will meet at least three times, and additionally 
as required, during the current financial year. 

Audit Committee 

The  Audit  Committee  meets  regularly  and  consists  of  three  members,  all  of  whom  are  Non-
Executive Directors. The Committee's purpose is to assist the Board's oversight of the integrity 
of the financial statements and other financial reporting, the independence and performance of 
the  auditors,  the  regulation  and  risk  profile  of  the  Group  and  the  review  and  approval  of  any 
related  party  transactions.  The  Audit  Committee  may  hold  private  sessions  with  management 
and with the external auditor without management present. The VP Finance is invited to join the 
meetings and present his report.  

The  Audit  Committee  met  four  times  in  2019  and  proposes  to  meet  at  least  two  times  during 
the next financial year.  The Committee is chaired by Neil Pike and the other members are Ian 
Vann and Trevor Garlick. 

Reserves Committee 

The Reserves Committee is a sub-committee of the Audit Committee. The Committee’s purpose 
is  to  review  the  reports  of  the  independent  reserves  auditors  which  require  that  the  Board 
discuss  the  reserves  reports  with  the independent  reserves  auditors  or  delegate  authority  to  a 
reserves  committee  comprised  of  at  least  two  Non-Executive  Directors.  The  Committee  is 
chaired by Trevor Garlick and its other members are Ian Vann and Mitch Flegg. The Committee 
met once in 2019 and typically meets once a year prior to publication of the annual results.     

Remuneration and Compensation Committee 

The  Remuneration  and  Compensation  Committee  meets  regularly  to  consider  all  material 
elements  of  remuneration  policy,  share  schemes,  the  remuneration  and  incentivisation  of 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Directors and senior management and to make recommendations to the Board on the 
framework for executive remuneration and its cost. The role of the Committee is to keep under 
review the remuneration policies to ensure that Serica attracts, retains and motivates the most 
qualified talent who will contribute to the long-term success of the Company.  

The  Committee  met  five  times  in  2019  and  proposes  to  meet  at  least  twice  during  the  next 
financial  year.  In  addition,  written  resolutions  of  the  Committee  are  passed  from  time  to  time 
particularly  in  relation  to  routine  matters  such  as  the  allotment  of  shares  pursuant  to  share 
option  exercises  as  well  as  to  record  formally  decisions  of  the  Committee  reached  outside  the 
scheduled meetings. 

The Committee is composed of three Non-Executive Directors all of whom are independent. The 
Committee is chaired by Ian Vann and its other members are Neil Pike and Malcolm Webb. 

Health, Safety and Environmental Committee 

The  Health,  Safety  and  Environmental  Committee  is  responsible  for  matters  affecting 
occupational health, safety and the environment.   

The  Committee  met  four  times  during  2019  and  proposes  to  meet  quarterly  during  the  next 
financial year. The Committee is chaired by Trevor Garlick and its other members are Ian Vann 
and  Mitch  Flegg.  The  head  of  VP  Operations  is  invited  to  attend  the  meeting  and  present  his 
report.  

Directors’ attendance at meetings    

The  Board  generally  has  one  scheduled  Board  meeting  every  month  over  the  course  of  the 
financial  year  with  informal  discussions  scheduled  as  required.  Additional  meetings  are  held 
depending upon opportunities or issues to be dealt with by the Company from time to time.   

The  Non-Executive  Directors  hold  informal  meetings  during  the  course  of  the  year  at  which 
members  of management  are  not in  attendance. The  Non-Executive Directors held  one  formal 
meeting during 2019.  

The  Directors’  attendance  at  scheduled  Board  meetings  and  Board  committees  during  2019  is 
detailed in the table below: 

Director 

Board   Audit  Remuneration   Nomination 

HSE 

Reserves 

14* 

 3^ 

1^ 

& 
Corporate 
Governance 
        3 

14 
14 
14 
13 
14 
14 

 4* 

   4 
- 
- 
4 
4 

          5 
5* 
 5^ 
4 
- 
5 

        3 
        2^ 
2^ 
3* 
        1^ 
        3 

- 

- 
4 
4 

4* 
4 

- 

- 
1 
1 
- 
 1* 
1 

A Craven Walker 
(Chairman of the 
Board)  
N Pike   
I Vann 
M Flegg  
M Webb   
T Garlick  
Total meetings  

Notes: The Chairman, CEO and Non-Executive directors attended a number of meetings of Committees of 
which they were not members during the course of the year at the invitation of the Committee chairman.  

*Chairman  

^Invitee 

34 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OBJECTIVES/ACTIVITIES  

The  Board  is  responsible  for  formulating,  reviewing  and  approving  the  Company’s  strategy, 
budgets and corporate actions. The effectiveness of the Board, director and senior management 
appointments and the Company’s succession planning is evaluated on a regular basis. 

BOARD EVALUATION/REVIEW OF BOARD’S EFFECTIVENESS  

The Board considers that its effectiveness and the individual performance of its directors is vital 
to the success of the Company. 

The Company currently conducts an informal Board self-evaluation process on an ad hoc basis. 
The  Non-Executive  Directors  met  formally  once  during  2019.  At  this  meeting,  the  size, 
structure,  performance,  leadership  and  effectiveness  of  both  the  Board  and  Committees  were 
evaluated.  The  Board  considers  that  it  functions  effectively  and  the  need  for  formal  Board 
evaluation has not been considered necessary to date. 

It  is  recognised  that  with  the  expansion  of  the  Board  in  parallel  with  the  expansion  of  the 
Company’s  activities  and  the  need  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  QCA  Code  a  more  formal 
process  will  be  necessary.  The  Company  will  introduce  a  structure  to  set  clear  targets  and 
objectives for improving and monitoring performance of an enlarged Board and will introduce a 
formal  evaluation  for  all  Board  members  to  monitor  their  individual  contribution  and 
commitment. 

The  evaluation  process  will  set  out  criteria  against  which  Board,  Committee  and  individual 
effectiveness is measured. 

There  is  a  strong  flow  of  communication  between  the  directors,  and  in  particular  between  the 
CEO  and  Chairman,  with  consideration  being  given  to  both  standing  agenda  items  and  the 
strategic  and  operational  needs  of  the  business.  Comprehensive  board  papers  are  circulated 
well  in  advance  of  meetings,  giving  directors  due  time  to  review  the  documentation  and 
enabling an effective meeting. Minutes are drawn up to reflect the true record of the discussions 
and decisions made. Resulting actions are tracked for appropriate delivery and follow up.  

The directors have a wide knowledge of the Company's business and understand their duties as 
directors of a company quoted on AIM. The directors have access to the Company’s Nominated 
Adviser (Nomad), auditors and solicitors as and when required. The Company’s Nomad provides 
an  annual  board  room  training.  These  advisors  are  available  to  provide  formal  support  and 
advice to the Board from time to time and do so in accordance with good practice. 

The  Company  Secretary  helps  keep  the  Board  up  to  date  with  developments  in  corporate 
governance and liaises with the Nomad on areas of AIM requirements. The Company Secretary 
has  frequent  communication  with  both  the  Chairman  and  CEO  and  is  available  to  other 
members  of the  Board  as  required.  The  directors  are  also  able,  at  the  Company’s  expense,  to 
obtain advice from external advisers if required 

The  Board  is  mindful  of  the  need  for  succession  planning.  The  Nomination  &  Corporate 
Governance Committee regularly monitors the requirements for succession planning and Board 
appointments to ensure that the Board is fit for purpose. If external training  or assistance with 
recruitment is required by the Committee, this will be made available. 

The Nomination & Corporate Governance Committee is mindful of the  Board’s performance and 
composition together with the performance of individual directors and senior management.  

35 

 
 
 
 
            
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
MATTERS RESERVED FOR THE BOARD 

The  Board  retains  full  and  effective  control  over  the  Company  and  is  responsible  for  the 
Company’s strategy and key financial and compliance issues. There are certain matters that are 
reserved for the Board and they include but are not limited to: 

Strategy and Management 
Approval  of:  long-term  objectives;  commercial  strategic  aims;  annual  operating  and  capital 
expenditure  budgets;  extending  the  Company’s  activities  into  new  business;  any  decision  to 
cease to operate all or any material part of the Company’s business.  

Structure and Capital  
Capital  structure;  major  changes  to  the  Company’s  corporate  structure;  changes  to  the 
management  and  control  structure;  change  to  the  Company’s  listing;  alteration  of  the 
Company’s  articles  of  association;  change  in  the  Company’s  accounting  reference  date, 
registered name or business name.  

Financial Reporting and Controls  
Approval  of:  finance  reports  interim  management  statements  and  any  other  preliminary 
announcement of the final results; annual reports and accounts; dividend policy and declaration 
of any dividend and significant changes in accounting policies/practice.  

Internal Controls  
Ensuring maintenance of a sound system of internal control and risk management. 

Finance 
Raising new capital and confirmation of major financing facilities; recommendation of dividends; 
operating  and  capital  expenditure  budgets;  granting  of  security  over  any  material  Company 
asset.  

Contracts  
All  contracts  above  £3m;  major  capital  contracts  over  £3m;  contracts  which  are  material  or 
strategic; contracts outside of the approved budget and not in the ordinary course of business; 
major investments or any acquisitions/disposals and transactions with Directors or other related 
parties which are not in the ordinary course of business.  

Communications  
Approval  of  resolutions  and  documentation  put  forward  to  shareholders;  approval  of  circulars, 
prospectuses and listing particulars and approval of press releases concerning matters decided 
by the Board  

Board membership and other appointments 
Director  and  senior  management  appointments  and  the  Company’s  succession  planning  is 
evaluated on a regular basis. 

Remuneration 
Determining  the  remuneration  policy  for  the  directors,  senior  executives  and  all  staff  and  the 
remuneration  of  the  Non-Executive  directors.  Introduction  of  new  share  incentive  plans  or 
major changes to existing plans, to be put to shareholders for approval.  

Delegation of Authority  
Division of responsibilities between the Chairman, the Chief Executive and Executive Directors; 
delegated levels  of  authority, including the  Chief Executive's  authority limits; establishment  of 
Board Committees and approval of terms of reference of Board Committees. 

Corporate Governance Matters  
Review of the Company’s overall corporate governance arrangements. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other  
Policies  including  the  share  dealing  code;  appointment  or  change  of  the  Company's  principal 
professional  advisers  and  auditors;  overall  levels  of  insurance  for  the  Company;  material 
litigation;  any  decision  likely  to  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Group  or  Company  from  any 
perspective  including,  but  not  limited  to,  financial,  operational,  strategic  or  reputational; 
matters reserved for Board decisions and which the Board considers suitable for delegation are 
contained in the terms of reference of its Committees; and the grant of options, warrants or any 
other form of security convertible into shares. 

NOMINATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee is a standing committee of the Board of 
the Company comprised of two Non-Executive Directors and one Executive Director. 

The Committee’s membership comprises Malcolm Webb (Non-Executive director and Committee 
Chairman),  Neil  Pike  (Non-Executive  director)  and  Antony  Craven  Walker  (Executive  Chairman 
of the Company).  

The Role of the Committee  

The Committee is responsible for: 

•  Assisting  the  Board’s  oversight  of  the  Company’s  observance  of  the  QCA  Code  and  the 

Corporate Governance Guidelines;  

•  Ensuring  the  Company  is  compliant  with  the  rules  of  AIM  and  other  relevant  corporate 
governance  rules,  including  compliance  with  the  Company’s  Share  Dealing  Code  and 
with  the  AIM  Rules  relating  to  dealings  by  directors  or  employees  in  the  Company’s 
shares. 

•  Reviewing the structure, effectiveness and performance of all members of the Board and 

of all Board Committees. 

•  The recruitment and training of directors, including independent Non-Executive directors. 
•  Maintaining  an  effective  succession  plan  for  the  Board,  its  Committees  and  the  senior 

executives of the Company and assessing directors on an ongoing basis 

Independence of Non-Executive Directors 

The Committee and the Board are satisfied that each Non-Executive director serving at the end 
of  the  year  remains  independent  and  continues  to  have  sufficient  time  to  discharge  their 
responsibilities to the Company. Neil Pike and Ian Vann have served on the Board for over ten 
years.    Their  ongoing  contribution  is  integral  to  the  Company’s  governance  and  input  for  the 
Company’s plans for succession. Whilst they continue to serve on the Board they stand for re-
election  annually  at  the  Company’s  Annual  General  Meetings  and  are  considered  to  be 
providing independent advice and oversight in both character and judgement. 

2019 

In  2019  the  Committee  reviewed  and  refreshed  the  Committee’s  terms  of  reference  to  be 
brought in line with the Committees current responsibilities.  

The Committee also evaluated the composition of the Board and agreed that whilst members of 
the  Committee  should  continue  to  review  candidates  for  future  vacancies  or  succession 
planning, no substantial changes should be made to the Board during 2019.  

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
2020 looking forward 

The  Committee,  which  has  so  far  met  once  in  2020  and  aims  to  meet  three  times  during  the 
year, will pay particular attention to Board structure and succession planning this year with one 
new Board appointment made.  

“At  Serica  we  value  the  practical  approach  to  corporate  governance  embodied  in  the  QCA  Code  as  we 
recognise  that  good  governance  supports  and  enables  sustainable  corporate  growth  and  development.  In 
essence it is about having the right team doing the right things to deliver value for our shareholders.” 

Malcolm Webb  
Chairman of the Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee 
22 April 2020 

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT 

The  Audit  Committee (the  ‘Committee’) is  a  standing  committee  of  the  Board  of  the  Company 
and is comprised of three Non-Executive directors.  

An important part of the role of the Committee is its responsibility for reviewing and monitoring 
the effectiveness of the Group’s financial reporting, internal control policies, and procedures for 
the  identification,  assessment  and  reporting  of  risk.  The  latter  two  areas  are  integral  to  the 
Group’s  core  management  processes  and  the  Committee  devotes  significant  time  to  their 
review.  

The  Audit  Committee  is  also  responsible  for  overseeing  the  relationship  with  the  external 
auditor.  As  Chair  of the  Committee,  during  the financial  year,  I  have  reviewed  and  considered 
the  recent  recommendations  of  the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance  Corporate  Governance  Code, 
Audit Guide published in September 2019.  

An  essential  part  of  the  integrity  of  the  financial  statements  lies  around  the  key  assumptions 
and  estimates  or  judgments  to  be  made.  The  Committee  reviews  key  judgments  prior  to 
publication  of  the  financial  statements  at  both  the  end  of  the  financial  year  and  at  the  end  of 
the  six-month interim  period,  as  well  as  considering  significant issues  throughout  the year.  In 
particular,  this  includes  reviewing  any  subjective  material  assumptions  within  the  Group’s 
activities  to  enable  an  appropriate  determination  of  asset  valuation,  provisioning  and  the 
accounting treatment thereof.  

The  Committee  reviewed  and  was  satisfied  that  the  judgments  exercised  by  management  on 
material items contained within the Report and Financial Statements are reasonable. 

2019 

The  Committee  has  engaged Ernst  &  Young  (EY)  to  act  as external  auditors  and  they  are  also 
invited to attend Committee meetings, unless they have a conflict of interest. During the year, 
the  Committee  met  four  times  and  the  members  attendance  record  at  Committee  meetings 
during the financial year is set out on page 34. 

-  The  Audit  Committee has  considered  the  Group’s internal  control  and  risk management 
policies  and  systems,  their  effectiveness  and  the  requirements  for  an  internal  audit 
function in the context of the Group’s overall risk management system. The Committee 
is satisfied that the Group does not currently require an internal audit function; however, 
it will continue to periodically review the situation. 

38 

 
 
  
 
  
 
-  The external auditors, EY, were re-appointed at the Company’s annual general meeting.  
The Serica Group fee to EY for the financial year to 31 December 2019 is £367,000. The 
Audit  Committee  shall  undertake  a  comprehensive  review  of  the  quality,  effectiveness, 
value and independence of the audit provided by EY each year, seeking the views of the 
wider Board, together with relevant members of the Committee. 

Whilst EY have  been  the  Company’s  auditors for  fifteen  years, the  Committee are  comfortable 
that EY’s audit remains independent.  

2020 

In  considering  the  implications  of  the  COVID-19  crisis  for  the  Company,  the  Audit  Committee 
has  placed  particular emphasis upon testing  going  concern  assumptions.  This has included the 
stress  testing  of  key  assumptions  including  forecast  pricing  and  production  levels.  Focus  has 
also been placed upon additional disclosures particularly with respect to the basis of preparation 
of the financial statements (note 2) and post-balance sheet events (note 33).  

Responsibilities 

The Committee reviews and makes recommendations to the Board on: 

compliance with accounting standards and legal and regulatory requirements 

•  any change in accounting policies 
•  decisions requiring a major element of judgement and risk 
• 
•  disclosures in the interim and annual report and financial statements 
• 
•  any  significant  concerns  of  the  external  auditor  about  the  conduct,  results  or  overall 

reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s financial and internal controls 

outcome of the annual audit of the Group 

•  any matters that may significantly affect the independence of the external auditor 

Neil Pike  
Chairman of the Audit Committee 
22 April 2020 

RESERVES COMMITTEE REPORT  

The  Reserves  Committee  (the  ‘Committee’)  is  a  sub-committee  of  the  Audit  Committee,  a 
standing  committee  of  the  Board  of  the  Company  and  is  comprised  of  two  Non-Executive 
directors and an Executive director.  

The Committee comprises of Trevor Garlick (Non-Executive director), Ian Vann (Non-Executive 
director and previous chairman of the Committee) and Mitch Flegg (CEO of the Company).  

The  Committee’s  purpose  is  to  review  the  reports  of  the  independent  reserves  auditors.  This 
requires that the Board discuss the reserves reports with the independent reserves auditors or 
delegate  authority  to  a  reserves  committee  comprised  of  at  least  two  Non-Executive 
Directors. The Committee meets at least once a year, prior to approval of the annual results.    

2019  

•  Reviewed  the  Company’s  procedures  for  providing  information  to  the  qualified  reserves 

auditors who reported on reserves data. 

•  Met  with  management  and  the  two  qualified  reserves  auditors  to  review  the  reserves 

data and the auditor's annual reserves report.  

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Reviewed  proposals  to  engage  one  UK-based  reserves  auditor  instead  of  retaining  two 

US-based reserves auditors and recommended approval.  

•  Reviewed  and  recommended  to  the  Board  approval  of  the  content  and  filing  of  the 

Company’s annual statement of reserves data and other oil and gas information. 

2020 Looking Forward 

•  Meet  new  independent  reserves  auditor  and  review  reserves  data,  process  undertaken 

and report. 

•  Review  the  process  for  establishing  the  audit  terms  of  reference  and  supplying 

information to the reserves auditor. 

•  Make  recommendation  to  the  Board  regarding  the  Company’s  annual  statement  of 

reserves data and other oil and gas information.  

Trevor Garlick  
Chairman of the Reserves Committee 
22 April 2020 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 

The Remuneration Committee  

The Remuneration (the “Committee”) is a standing committee of the Board of the Company and 
is comprised of three Non-Executive directors. 

The Committee is composed of three Non-Executive Directors all of whom are independent. The 
Committee is chaired by Ian Vann and its other members are Neil Pike and Malcolm Webb. 

The purpose of the Committee is to assist the Board in discharging its oversight responsibilities 
relating to the attraction, compensation, evaluation and retention of executive directors and key 
senior  management  employees,  in  particular  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Executive 
Chairman.  The  Committee  aims to  ensure  that  the  Company  has  the  right  skills  and expertise 
needed to enable the Company to achieve its goals and strategies and that fair and competitive 
compensation is awarded with appropriate performance incentives across the Company 

The  Committee held five  meetings  during  2019.  Members’  attendance  records  are  disclosed in 
the Corporate Governance Report contained in this Annual Report.  

Consideration by the Directors of matters relating to Directors’ remuneration  

The  Committee  is  responsible  for  making  recommendations  to  the  Board  regarding  the 
framework  for  the  remuneration  of  the  executive  directors  and  other  members  of  executive 
management. The Committee works within its terms of reference, and its role includes: 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 
• 

Reviewing  and  approving  the  Company's  overall  compensation 

philosophy and programs. 
Determining  and  agreeing  with  the  Board,  the  Remuneration  Policy  for  all  executive 
directors  and  under  guidance  of  the  executive  directors,  other  members  of  Executive 
Management Team. 
Ensuring executive remuneration packages are competitive. 
Determining  whether  annual  bonus  payments  should  be  made  and  approving  levels  for 
individual executive directors. 
Determining  each  year  whether  any  awards/grants  should  be  made  under  the  incentive 
schemes and the value of such awards. 
Considering any new long-term incentive scheme awards and performance criteria. 
Agreeing directors’ service contracts and notice periods. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company is committed to maintaining an open and transparent dialogue with shareholders 
on all aspects of Remuneration within the Group.  

Summary of work undertaken during 2019 

The Committee: 

• 

• 

reviewed  and  agreed  the  2019  employee  salary  increases  along  with  an  increase  in 
offshore allowances and 2019 bonus scheme. 
contributed  to  the  review  of the  Company’s  various  pension  schemes  and  consolidation 
of those schemes.  

•  provided input to the employee consultation process following the 12-month period post 

• 

the Company’s acquisition of BP’s interest in Bruce, Keith and Rhum.  
considered  and  agreed  employee  contract  variations  to  allow  standardised  employee 
terms of conditions of employment. 

Looking ahead 2020 

•  Reviewing  and  agreeing  the  cash  bonus  to  be  awarded  to  employees  in  respect  of  the 

financial year 2019. 

•  Considering  and  agreeing  any  discretionary  bonuses  to  be  awarded  to  senior 

management.  

•  Considering and agreeing a programme for the grant of any LTIP awards for 2020. 
•  Proposing and agreeing the remuneration packages for executive directors for 2020. 
•  Reviewing and agreeing salary proposals for all employees.  
•  Considering a share save scheme for 2020. 
•  Agreeing a framework for the cash bonus plan 2020. 

Executive Directors’ service contracts. 

The Company’s policy on Directors’ service contracts are indicated below: 

Director 
Antony Craven Walker  

Effective term 
1 July 2015 

Mitch Flegg  

21 November 2017 

Notice period 
6 months from Executive 
12 months from Company 
6 months from Executive 
12 months from Company 

Executive Remuneration 

The  table  below  sets  out  the  single  total  figure  of  remuneration  and  breakdown  for  each 
Executive director paid for the 2019 financial year.  

Salary  

Annual Bonus  
Benefits 
Pension  
Total 

Anthony Craven Walker  
£400,000 

Mitch Flegg  
£400,000 

Nil 
£19,194 
Nil 
£419,194 

£124,000 
Nil 
£40,000 
£564,000 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mr  Craven  Walker  has  waived  his  entitlement  to  Illness  and  Medical  Insurance,  Pension 
contribution and participation in the SIP.  

ADDITIONAL DETAILS  

Share Option Plans 
The  Company  operates  three  discretionary  incentive  share  option  plans:  (i)  the  Serica  Energy 
Plc  Long  Term  Incentive  Plan  (the  "LTIP"),  which  was  adopted  by  the  Board  on  20  November 
2017 which permits the grant of share-based awards, (ii) the 2017 Serica Energy plc Company 
Share Option Plan (“2017 CSOP”), which was adopted by the Board on 20 November 2017, and 
(iii)  the  Serica  2005  Option  Plan,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Board  on  14  November  2005. 
Awards  can  no  longer  be  made  under  the  Serica  2005  Option  Plan.  However,  options  remain 
outstanding  under  the  Serica  2005  Option  Plan.  The  LTIP  and  the  2017  CSOP  together  are 
known as the "Discretionary Plans".   

The  Discretionary  Plans  will  govern  all  future  grants  of  options  by  the  Company  to  directors, 
officers  and  employees  of  the  Group.  The  directors  intend  that  the  maximum  number  of 
ordinary  shares  which  may  be  utilised  across  all  of  the  Company’s  share  option  plan  will  not 
exceed  10%  of  the  issued  ordinary  shares  of  the  Company  from  time  to  time  in  line  with  the 
recommendations of the Association of British Insurers.  

The  objective  of  the  Discretionary  Plans  is  to  develop  the  interest  of  directors,  officers  and 
employees  of  the  Group  in  the  growth  and  development  of  the  Group  by  providing  them  with 
the  opportunity  to  acquire  an interest in  the Company  and  to  assist  the  Company in  retaining 
and attracting executives with experience and ability. 

Long Term Incentive Plan 

The  following  awards  have  been  granted  to  certain  directors  and  employees  under  the  LTIP, 
these  were  deemed to  be  granted in  November  2017  under  IFRS  2 in  accordance  with  the  30 
November 2017 Admission Document:  

Deferred Bonus Share Awards involve the deferral of bonuses into awards over shares in the 
Company.  They  are  structured  as  nil-cost  options  and  may  be  exercised  up  until  the  fifth 
anniversary  of  the  date  of  grant.  The  awards  below,  outstanding  as  at  31  December  2019, 
vested  on  31  January  2019  and  were  not  subject  to  performance  conditions;  however,  they 
were  conditional  on  completion  of  the  BKR  Acquisition,  subject  to  the  Board  determining 
otherwise. 

Director/Employees 

Antony Craven Walker 
Mitch Flegg 
Employees below Board level (in aggregate) 

Total number of shares 
granted subject to 
Deferred Bonus Share 
Awards 

225,000 
225,000 
414,000 
                864,000 

Performance  Share  Awards  are  subject  to  performance  conditions  based  on  average  share 
price  growth  targets  to  be  measured  by  reference  to  dealing  days  in  the  period  of  90  days 
ending immediately prior to expiry of a three-year performance starting on the date of grant of 
a Performance Share Award. Performance Share Awards are structured as nil-cost options and 
may be exercised up until the tenth anniversary of the date of grant.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Director/Employees 

Antony Craven Walker 

Mitch Flegg 

Employees 
aggregate) 

Total number of shares granted 
subject to Performance Share 
Awards 

2019 
411,067 

2018                    

1,500,000           

411,067 

1,500,000 

below  Board 

level 

(in 

2,913,506 

2,250,000 

       3,735,640 

5,250,000 

Retention Share Awards are structured as nil-cost options with a vesting date of between 1 
and 31 January 2021 and may be exercised up until the tenth anniversary of the date of grant. 
Retention Share Awards are split as follows: 49,125 Share Value Plan replacement awards and 
193,414 other retention awards 

Director/Employees 

Total number of shares 
granted subject to 
Retention Share Awards 

Employees below Board level (in aggregate) 

    242,539   

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 

2019 Non-Executive Director fees 

Non-Executive 
Directors 

Chair/Director 
Fees (£) 

Committee 
Chairman 
(£)  

Fees 

Neil Pike  
Ian Vann  
Malcolm Webb 
Trevor Garlick 

40,000 
40,000 
40,000 
40,000 

10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 

Ian Vann  

Remuneration Committee Chairman 
22 April 2020                                                    

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
                                                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE REPORT 

The Health, Safety and Environment Committee (‘Committee’) is responsible for matters 
affecting  occupational  health,  safety  and  environment,  and  is  primarily  focused  on 
ensuring that HSE policies are adopted and applied across the Group.  

The  Committee  comprises  of  Trevor  Garlick  (Non-Executive  director),  Ian  Vann  (Non-
Executive  director  and  previous  chairman  of  the  Committee)  and  Mitch  Flegg  (Chief 
Executive Officer of the Company).  

During 2019, the Committee has met quarterly to discuss matters pertaining to Health, 
Safety  and  Environmental  issues  with  focus  primarily  on  the  operations  of  the  Bruce, 
Keith  &  Rhum  fields  and  ensuring  that  adequate  HSE  policies  are  adopted  and  applied 
across the Group.  

2019 Review 

•  Evaluated  HSE  performance  against  industry  standards  and  acted  on  Regulator 

feedback 

•  Developed and finalised an HSE and Risk Management Plan and closely evaluated 

HSE performance against the agreed Plan at each meeting 

•  Received  training  on  HSE  legal  responsibilities  from  the  Company’s  HSE  legal 

advisors and made relevant changes based on advice received 

•  Reviewed  major  and  reportable  HSE  incidents  occurred,  investigations  led  and 

lessons learned at each meeting 

•  Agreed HSE performance metrics linked to the Company bonus scheme 

•  Agreed to draft a plan to benchmark and reduce carbon intensity/emissions 

During  2020,  the Committee  plans  to  develop  a  2020 HSE  plan,  continue  to  review  the 
on-going  HSE  procedures  and  culture,  evaluate  HSE  performance  against  industry 
standards,  evaluate  performance  against  the  2020  plan,  agree  a  HSE  bonus  scorecard 
for 2020 to be linked to the Company bonus scheme for 2020 and ensure that the HSE 
policy  and  procedures  remain  effective.  The  Committee  also  plans  to  place  a  focus  on 
how the Company can reduce carbon intensity/emissions.  

 ‘The Committee’s main role is to assure the Board that the Company has plans in place 
to  maintain  and  improve  a  strong  health,  safety  and  environmental  culture.  The 
Committee  shall  continue  to  help  to  ensure  that  the  Company  continues  to  operate  its 
assets safely and reduce our emissions’.  

Trevor Garlick  
Chairman of the Health and Safety and Environment Committee 
22 April 2020 

- 44 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Statement under Section 172 (1) of the Companies Act 2006 

The Section 172 (1) of the Companies Act obliges the Directors to promote the success 
of the Company for the benefit of the Company’s members as a whole.  

The  section  specifies  that  the  Directors  must  act  in  good  faith  when  promoting  the 
success of the Company and in doing so have regard (amongst other things) to:  

a.  the likely consequences of any decision in the long term,  
b.  the interests of the Company’s employees, 
c.  the need to foster the Company’s business relationship with suppliers, customers 

and others, 

d.  the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and environment, 
e.  the  desirability  of  the  Company  maintaining  a  reputation  for  high  standards  of 

business conduct, and 
the need to act fairly as between members of the Company. 

f. 

The  Board  of  Directors  is  collectively  responsible  for  the  decisions  made  towards  the 
long-term  success  of  the  Company  and  how  the  strategic,  operational  and  risk 
management  decisions  have  been  implemented  throughout  the  business  is  detailed  in 
the Strategic Report.  

Employees 

Our employees are one of the primary assets of our business and the Board recognises 
that our employees are the key resource which enables delivering Company’s vision and 
goals. Annual pay and benefit reviews are carried out to determine whether all levels of 
employees are benefitting fairly and to retain and encourage skills vital for the business. 
The  Remuneration  Committee  oversees  and  makes  recommendations  of  executive 
remuneration  and  any  long-term  share  awards  as  detailed  in  the  Remuneration 
Committee  Report  on  page  40.  The  Board  encourages  management  to  improve 
employee  engagement  and  to  provide  necessary  training  in  order  to  use  their  skills  in 
the  relevant  areas  in  the  business.  The  Health,  Safety  and  Environmental  Committee 
reviews  the  health  and  safety  measures  implemented  in  the  business  premises  on  a 
quarterly  basis  and  improvements  are  continuously  recommended  for  better  practice, 
further  details  are  provided  in  the  Health,  Safety  and  Environmental  Committee  report 
on page 44. 

The  employees  are  informed  of  the  results  and  important  business  decisions  and  are 
encouraged to feel engaged and to improve their career potential.  

Suppliers, Customers and Regulatory Authorities 

The  Board  acknowledges  that  a  strong  business  relationship  with  suppliers  and 
customers  is  a  vital  part  of  the  growth.  Whilst  day  to  day  business  operations  are 
delegated  to  the  executive  management,  the  Board  sets  directions  with  regard  to  new 
business  ventures.  The  Board  upholds  ethical  business  behaviour  across  all  of  the 
Company’s  activities  and  encourages  management  to  seek  comparable  business 
practices  from  all  suppliers  and  customers  doing  business  with the  Company. We  value 
the feedback we receive from our stakeholders and we take every opportunity to ensure 
that where possible their wishes are duly considered.  

Community and Environment  

The  Board  periodically  reviews  the  Health  and  Safety  measures  implemented  by  the 
Health,  Safety  and  Environmental  Committee 
in  the  business  premises  and 
improvements  are  recommended  for  better  practices.  The  Company  recognises  and  is 
aware  of  the  potential  impact  that  it  may  have  on  the  environment.  Serica  recognises 
- 45 - 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the  importance  of  Environmental  and  Social  and  Corporate  Governance  (ESG),  further 
details are contained in the ESG Report on page 47. 

Maintaining High Standards of Business Conduct  

The  Company is incorporated in  the UK  and  governed  by  the  Companies  Act  2006.  The 
Company has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code 2018 
(the ‘QCA Code’) and the Board recognises the importance of maintaining a good level of 
corporate  governance,  which  together  with  the  requirements  to  comply  with  the  AIM 
Rules  ensures  that  the  interests  of  the  Company’s  stakeholders  are  safeguarded.  The 
Board has prompted that ethical behavior and business practices should be implemented 
across the business. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery training are compulsory for all staff 
and contractors and the anti-bribery statement and policy is contained on the Company’s 
website.  The  Company’s  expectation  of  honest,  fair  and  professional  behaviour  is 
reflected  by  this  and  there  is  zero  tolerance  for  bribery  and  unethical  behaviour  by 
anyone representing the Company.  

The importance of making all employees feel safe in their environment is maintained and 
a  Whistleblowing  Policy  is  in  place  to  enable  staff  to  confidentially  raise  any  concerns 
freely and to discuss any issues that arise. Strong financial controls are in place and are 
well documented. 

Shareholders 

The Board places equal importance on all shareholders and recognises the significance of 
transparent  and effective  communications  with  shareholders.  As  an  AIM listed company 
there is a need to provide fair and balanced information in a way that is understandable 
to all stakeholders and particularly our shareholders.  

The  primary  communication  tool  with  our  shareholders  is  through  the  Regulatory  News 
Service,  (“RNS”)  on  regulatory  matters  and  matters  of  material  substance.  The 
Company’s website provides details of the business, investor presentations and details of 
the Board and Board Committees, changes to major shareholder information, QCA Code 
disclosure  updates  under  AIM  Rule  26. Changes  are  promptly  published  on  the  website 
to  enable  the  shareholders  to  be  kept  abreast  of  Company’s  affairs.  The  Company’s 
Annual  Report  and  Notice  of  Annual  General  Meetings  (AGM)  are  available  to  all 
shareholders. The Interim Report and other investor presentations are also available on 
our website.  

Investor events are also arranged with shareholders throughout the year which presents 
an  opportunity  for  shareholders  to  speak  with  the  executive  directors  in  a  formal 
environment and in more informal one to one meetings. By providing a variety of ways 
to  communicate  with investors  the  Company  feels  that it  reaches  out to  engage  with  a 
wide range of its stakeholders.  

On behalf of Board  

Antony Craven Walker 
Executive Chairman 
22 April 2020 

- 46 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental and Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) 

ESG is a term that is becoming synonymous with business sustainability and the societal 
impact  of  business.  In  recent  years  ESG  reporting  has  become  an  ever  increasingly 
important  consideration  for  investors  as  they  continue  to  place  increasing  value  on 
aspects  of  the  business  performance  that  would  not  traditionally  be  reported  on  in  the 
Annual  Financial  Report  but,  nevertheless  have  potential implications for investors  such 
as  emissions  data,  environmental  non-compliances,  anti-slavery  and  corruption  policies 
and performance and stakeholder grievances.  

During  our  first  year  of  operations,  Serica  has  successfully  integrated  ESG  into  our 
operational and planning mindset. This is driving us to conduct and plan operations in a 
manner  that  not  only  reduces  the  impact  we  are  having  on  the  environment  but  also 
reduces inefficiencies, serves the communities in which we operate and ensures our staff 
are well looked after and managed.  

Our approach 

As an oil and gas exploration and production company, we are increasingly cognizant of 
stakeholder  interest  in  the  ethos  and  sustainability  for  our  business,  and  we  strive  for 
continuous  improvements  in  all  aspects  of  ESG  performance.  By  nurturing  our  own 
internal  ESG  culture  and  continually  engaging  with  industry  bodies  and  peers  we  are 
maintaining  currency  in  the  most  applicable  and  impactful  ESG  principles  which  are 
continually embedding in our strategy, management processes and business operations. 

Serica’s Board of Directors assesses the Company’s ESG practices and performance and 
ensures  that  the  necessary  resources  are  in  place  to  support  that  vision  as  recently 
demonstrated  by  the  appointment  of  a new vice  president  role  of  VP  ESG  and Business 
Innovation. 

around 

In  order  to  demonstrate  our  transparency  and  set  a  benchmark  for  our  future  ESG 
performance,  in  2019  we  produced  our  first  Serica  ESG  Report.  The  report  was 
structured 
Sustainable  Development  Goals 
(https://unsdg.un.org/)  and  utilised  the  Global  Reporting  Initiatives  (GRI)  Reporting 
Performance  Standards  which,  as  outlined  on  the  GRI  website,  are  the  most  widely 
adopted  global  standards  for  sustainability  reporting.  The  GRI  Standards  represent 
global  best  practice  for  reporting  on  a  range  of  economic,  environmental  and  social 
impacts. 

the  United  Nations 

Serica chose to report against the GRI Core Option. The Core Option presents a refined 
list  of  essential  reporting  elements  deemed  material  to  the  Company  and  its 
stakeholders.    The  ESG  report  explains  in  more  detail  our  rationale  on  materiality  and 
gives the information disclosed to the GRI. 

Our  operations  are  controlled  via  a  Business  Management  System  comprising  a  set  of 
policies and guidelines, which help us monitor, evaluate and improve our daily activities, 
internal control systems and procedures. 

The key policies and guidance in place are: 

- Code of Business Conduct 
- Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy 
- Personnel Handbook 
- Anti-Corruption and Bribery Policy 
- Whistle Blowing Policy 
- Share-dealing Policy 

- 47 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our People 

For  Serica  employee  management  is  about  providing  a  safe,  healthy  and  productive 
atmosphere  to  each  member  of  its  team.  In  2018,  the  Company’s  staff  structure  was 
transformed with 114 employees transferring from BP to the new Serica team, following 
the  landmark  acquisition  of  BKR  interests.  To  facilitate  this  transition  and  encourage 
integration,  we  put in  place  all  requirements needed for  a  safe  and  efficient transfer  of 
operations, including the opening of new offices in Aberdeen and the creation of 23 new 
jobs.  The  newly  formed  multi-disciplinary  team  is  already  delivering  exceptional  results 
and is at the heart of our potential for growth. 

We  believe  that  success  will  be  delivered  by  creating  a  working  environment  of  mutual 
respect  and  trust  where  shared  goals,  roles  and  responsibilities  are  clear  and  personal 
accountability  is  a  matter  of  professional  pride.  We  invest  time  to  train,  support  and 
motivate  our  personnel  to  build  the  atmosphere  of  confidence,  shared  values  and 
responsibility that will bring prosperity to employees and shareholders alike. 

HSE 

The  safety  of  our  employees  and  operations  always  comes first in  our  business  and  we 
continue  to  improve  our  standards  and  procedures  to  maintain  a  safe  working 
environment.  One  of  our  priorities  on  assuming  operatorship  of  the  newly  acquired 
assets was to initiate engagement sessions with key industry bodies such as the Offshore 
Petroleum  Regulator  for  Environment  &  Decommissioning  (OPRED)  and  the  Health  and 
Safety  Executive  (HSE)  to  facilitate  consultation  on  health  and  safety  related  matters 
and  further  improve  our  standards  to  meet  industry  requirements.  We  will  continue  to 
work hard to invest in these important relationships. 

We  believe  that  engagement  and  collaboration  are  essential  to  reducing  the  impacts  of 
our activities and mitigating risks. Serica is committed to providing guidance and training 
to  its  offshore  personnel  to  ensure  safe  working  practice,  supported  by  required  skills, 
sustainability  awareness  and  efficient  communications.  In  doing  so,  we  have  engaged 
with  an  expert  in  oil  and  gas  workforce  engagement,  Step  Change  in  Safety  (SCiS),  to 
improve  our  employees’  Major  Accident  Hazard  awareness.  We  are  also  proud  to  be  an 
early  adopter  of  the  new  International Association  of  Oil  and  Gas  Producers (IOGP)  Life 
Saving  Rules  and  signatories  to  the  Industry  Search  and  Rescue  (ISAR)  helicopter 
service.  These  engagements have helped  us  establish  appropriate  operating  procedures 
to  ensure  effective  delivery  on  our  policies,  and  we  strive  to  further  improve  our 
practices in this area.  

Environment 

At  Serica  we  work  hard  to  reduce  our  environmental  impacts  through  the  careful 
planning  and  management  of  operations.  Reducing  our  atmospheric  emissions, 
preventing  leaks,  seeps  and  spills  offshore  and  decreasing  the  volume  of  harmful 
chemicals  we  utilise  offshore  are  all  key  to  reducing  our  environmental  impact.  Serica 
also participates in industry initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of the supply 
chain and consistently contributes to industry environmental working groups.   

Business ethics 

By establishing strong corporate governance policies, we are ensuring that Serica’s core 
values and standards of business conduct align with the interests of all stakeholders. By 
adopting  and  implementing  clear  procedures  and  allocating  responsibilities  across  the 
managing  team,  we  ensure  international  industry  best  practice  is  implemented  in  the 
area of risk assessment and management.  

The  Board  of  Directors  plays  a  fundamental  stewardship  role  in  ensuring  that  the 
Company conducts its activities in a manner that enables all stakeholders to thrive. The 
- 48 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
set  of  policies  and  procedures,  set  out  by  the  Board,  governs  the  standards  and 
behaviours  of  our  personnel  wherever  they  are  at  work.  The  Company’s  leadership  is 
wholly committed to work with transparency and integrity, taking personal responsibility 
for individual actions and corporate behaviours.  

This approach covers our work with our own employees, as well as third parties, giving 
guidance to the way we manage our supply chain. As one of the UK oil & gas industry’s 
significant  businesses,  Serica  is  highly  conscious  of  the  part  we  play  in  the  local 
economy. Currently, over 95% of our contracts are serviced by UK suppliers, and almost 
70% of these are in the North East of Scotland. We strive to encourage transparency and 
accountability in our engagement processes with all our suppliers. 

On behalf of the Board 

AMBA Secretaries Limited  

22 April 2020   

- 49 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’  responsibilities  statement  in  relation  to  the  Group  and  Company 
financial statements 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Strategic  Report,  the  Director’s  Report 
and  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  United  Kingdom  law  and 
regulations  and  those  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union. 

Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial 
year.  As  required  by the  AIM  Rules  of  the  London  Stock Exchange they  are  required  to 
prepare  the  Group  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union. Under United Kingdom company 
law  the  directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European 
Union.  Under  company  law  the  directors  must  not  approve  the  financial  statements 
unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the 
Group and the Company and the profit or loss of the Group for that period. 

In  preparing  those  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  the  Directors  are  required 
to: 

•  present  fairly  the  financial  position,  financial  performance  and  cash  flows  of  the 

Group; 

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

• 

state  that  the  Group  and  Company  has  complied  with  IFRSs,  subject  to  any 
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;  

•  present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a  manner  that  provides 

relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information 

•  provide  additional  disclosures  when  compliance  with the  specific  requirements in 
IFRSs  is  insufficient  to  enable  users  to  understand  the  impact  of  particular 
transactions, other events and conditions on the Group’s and Company’s financial 
position and financial performance; and 

• 

state  whether  the  Group financial  statements  have  been  prepared in  accordance 
with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient 
to  show  and  explain  the  Group’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at 
any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  Group  and  Company  and  enable  them  to  ensure 
that the Group and Company financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. 
They  are  also  responsible  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the  Group  and  Company  and 
hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

The  Directors  confirm  that  they  have  complied  with  these  requirements  and,  having  a 
reasonable  expectation  that  the  Company  and  the  Group  have  adequate  resources  to 
continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future,  will  continue  to  adopt  the 
going concern basis in preparing the accounts. 

- 50 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SERICA ENERGY PLC 

Opinion 

In our opinion: 

  Serica Energy plc’s group financial statements and parent company financial statements (the 

“financial statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent 
company’s affairs as at 31 December 2019 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 

 

 

the group financial statements and parent company financial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and 

the group financial statements and parent company financial statements have been prepared in 
accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of Serica Energy plc which comprise: 

Group 

Parent company 

Group balance sheet as at 31 December 2019 

Balance sheet as at 31 December 2019 

Group income statement for the year then ended 

Statement of changes in equity for the 
year then ended 

Group statement of comprehensive income for the year 
then ended 

Statement of cash flows for the year 
then ended 

Group statement of changes in equity for the year then 
ended 

Related notes 1 to 33 to the financial 
statements including a summary of 
significant accounting policies 

Group statement of cash flows for the year then ended 

Related notes 1 to 33 to the financial statements, 
including a summary of significant accounting policies 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as 
regards to the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of 
the Companies Act 2006.  

Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs as issued by the IASB 

Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs as issued by the IASB as explained in Note 1 to the Financial 
Statements, the group in addition to complying with its legal obligation to apply IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union, has also applied IFRSs as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (IASB). In our opinion the Financial Statements comply with IFRSs as issued by the IASB. 

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report below. We are 
independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as 
applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 
these requirements. 

- 51 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require 
us to report to you where: 

• 

• 

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial 
statements is not appropriate; or 

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material 
uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability 
to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve 
months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Overview of our audit approach 

Key audit 
matters 

•  Measurement of BKR contingent consideration 

•  Assessment of commercial reserves and its impact on the Financial 

Statements 

• 

Impact of Covid-19 and low oil and gas prices on the assessment of going 
concern 

Audit scope 

•  We performed an audit of the complete financial information of two 

components  

•  The components where we performed full audit procedures accounted for 
100% of Profit before tax, 100% of Revenue and 99% of Total assets. 

Materiality 

•  Overall group materiality of £3.2 million which represents 3% of the 

Group’s profit before tax. 

Key audit matters  

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in 
our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed 
risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included 
those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the 
audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context 
of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in our opinion thereon, and we do not provide 
a separate opinion on these matters. 

Risk 

Our response to the risk 

Measurement of BKR 
contingent consideration 

Refer to the Accounting policies 
(page 73); and Note 23 of the 
Consolidated Financial 

Our procedures focused primarily on 
the risks relating to the contingent 
consideration model, assumptions and 
judgements associated with the 
estimation of the consideration. These 
included: 

- 52 - 

Key observations 
communicated  to 
the Audit Committee  

At the April 2020 
meeting of the Audit 
Committee, we 
confirmed that we had 
completed our audit 
procedures in respect 
of the accounting for 

 
 
 
 
 
 
the contingent 
consideration and 
were satisfied that 
management had 
followed a robust 
process in estimating 
the fair value as at the 
balance sheet date.  

We concluded that the 
value of the contingent 
consideration recorded 
as a liability at year 
end and the movement 
in the liability from 
2018, recorded in the 
income statement, as 
well as payments 
made in the year were 
accounted for 
appropriately. In 
addition, we concluded 
that the disclosures 
made in relation to the 
estimates and 
estimation uncertainty 
involved with the 
valuation were 
appropriate.  

Statements (page 98) 

During 2018, the Group 
completed a transaction 
whereby Serica acquired a 98% 
interest in the Bruce and Keith 
(BKR) fields and a 50% interest 
in the Rhum field for a 
combination of cash, deferred 
and contingent consideration. 
The contingent consideration is 
remeasured at fair value at 
each reporting date with 
changes in the fair value during 
the year being reflected in the 
income statement.  

At 31 December 2019, the fair 
value of the BKR contingent 
consideration is £148.1 million 
and the change in fair value 
since the prior year that is 
recorded in the income 
statement represents a charge 
of £21.8 million. There is a 
significant judgement and 
estimation involved in 
determining the contingent 
element of the consideration, 
and its fair value, which is 
based on a share of future 
cashflows from the fields.  

The fair value calculations are 
complex as most of the 
contingent consideration is 
dependent upon future 
commodity prices and 
economic environment as well 
as future asset performance. 
They involve a range of 
projections and assumptions 
related to future operating and 
development costs, production 
volumes, oil and gas sales 
prices, discount rates, 
estimates of future 
decommissioning expenditure 
and taxation.  

Given this, we believe that the 
measurement of contingent 
consideration carries significant 
risk of material misstatement.  

• making enquiries of management 
and those who participated in the 
preparation of the valuation to 
understand the terms of the 
contracts, whether there had been 
any changes to the agreements 
after the 2018 acquisition and 
obtained an understanding of the 
process and identified key controls;  

• ensuring the mechanics of the 

model are consistent with the terms 
of the relevant agreements; 

• checking the integrity of the model 

and testing its mathematical 
accuracy; 

• using our internal valuation 

specialists to assist us in assessing 
the key external assumptions and 
inputs used in measuring the fair 
value of the contingent 
consideration payable. This included 
commodity price curves, discount 
rates and inflation;  

• assessing the reasonableness of 

forecast production and cost 
profiles, decommissioning and 
taxation;  

• assessing management’s estimation 
of commercial oil and gas reserves 
used in the contingent consideration 
calculation (see KAM on 
assessment of commercial 
reserves);  

• performing sensitivity analysis in 

relation to significant assumptions 
applied by management in the 
valuation;  

• confirming the cash consideration 
paid during the year to relevant 
transaction agreements and bank 
documentation; 

• assessing the competence of both 

management’s internal and external 
specialists and the objectivity and 
independence of external 
specialists, to consider whether they 
were appropriately qualified to carry 
out the valuation;   

• confirming consistency of 

assumptions with other areas of the 
financial statements; and  

- 53 - 

 
 
 
We did not identify any 
exceptions as a result 
of our audit 
procedures. 

We consider the 
commercial reserves 
updates have been 
correctly included in 
the financial statement 
calculations and 
consider the 
disclosures in the 
Financial Statements 
to be appropriate. 

• assessing the adequacy of the 

related disclosures in Note 23 to the 
financial statements. 

We carried out the following 
procedures: 

• confirming our understanding of the 

group’s controls over their 
certification process for technical 
and commercial experts who are 
responsible for reserves and 
resources estimation; 

• assessing the competence and 
objectivity of these experts, to 
satisfy ourselves they were 
appropriately qualified to carry out 
the volumes estimation; 

• obtaining confirmation directly from 

Lloyds Register that they are 
independent from Serica and have 
performed their procedures in line 
with the guidelines set out by the 
Society of Petroleum Engineers; 

• confirming that any material 

changes in reserves and resources 
were made in the appropriate 
accounting period; 

• validating that the reserves and 

resources estimates were included 
appropriately as key inputs within 
the group’s financial statements, 
including; the reserves used in the 
contingent consideration model, 
preparation of the cash flow 
forecasts for the assessment of the 
going concern assumption, the 
determination of the deferred tax 
asset and accounting for DD&A. 

Assessment of commercial 
reserves and its impact on 
the Financial Statements  

Refer to note 2 accounting 
policies section “Use of 
judgement and estimates and 
key sources of estimation 
uncertainty” (page 66) 

The estimate of oil and gas 
reserves and resources has a 
significant impact on the 
Financial Statements, 
particularly impairment testing; 
depreciation, depletion and 
amortization (‘DD&A’) charges; 
and valuation of the contingent 
consideration associated with 
the 2018 BKR acquisition.  

As described in note 16 to the 
consolidated financial 
statements, oil and gas 
properties amounted to 
£324.9m and have an 
associated DD&A charge of 
£52.6m. At 31 December 2019, 
the fair value of contingent 
consideration is £148.1m and 
the impact on the income 
statement of the change in fair 
value is £21.8m.   

The estimation of oil and 
natural gas reserves and 
resources is a significant area 
due to the technical uncertainty 
in assessing quantities. 

Reserves and resources are 
also a fundamental indicator of 
the future potential of the 
group’s performance. 

Impact of Covid-19 and low 
oil and gas prices on the 
assessment of going concern 

Refer to note 2 of the financial 
statements “accounting 
policies” (page 65) and note 33 
of the financial statements “post 
balance sheet events” (page 
117).  

The global Covid-19 pandemic 

In assessing the appropriateness of the 
going concern assumption used in 
preparing the financial statements, we 
have performed the following 
procedures: 

• confirmed our understanding of 

Serica’s going concern assessment 
process as well as the control 
environment implemented by 
management; 

In April 2020, we 
reported that, based 
on our testing 
performed, in our view 
the going concern 
assumption adopted in 
the 2019 financial 
statements remains 
appropriate after 
considering the 
potential impact of 
Covid-19 and the low 

- 54 - 

 
 
at the start of 2020 has affected 
business and economic activity 
in the United Kingdom where 
the group operates. The range 
of potential outcomes are 
uncertain; however, the virus 
outbreak is causing significant 
business disruption and a 
significant decrease in demand 
for oil and gas products 
globally.  

In addition, an international 
dispute between OPEC+ 
countries in early March 2020 
triggered a price war. The 
resultant over-supply of oil and 
gas to global markets, coupled 
with the fall in demand due to 
the outbreak of Covid-19, has 
resulted in low oil and gas 
prices.   

The outbreak and current 
market over-supply have; 
significantly increased the 
uncertainties inherent in the 
going concern assessment 
including key assumptions such 
as future commodity prices and 
production volumes. 

Management has performed 
additional stress testing to 
support the going concern 
assessment to evaluate the 
impact of plausible downside 
scenarios. These include 
scenarios that reflect extended 
low oil and gas prices 
throughout 2020 and 2021, 
which are at the low end/lower 
than current forecasts and 
forward prices, and a three-
month production shut-in to 
reflect potential operational or 
Covid-19 related issues that 
could potentially impact the 
Group.  

Management has also 
performed reverse stress 
testing, which is designed to 
model the conditions that would 
have to exist such that the 
Group required additional cash 
resources or had to rely on 
mitigating factors in 12 months-
time. These included an 
adverse production shut-in 
scenario and a low-price 
environment, reflecting oil and 

• checked the mathematical accuracy 
of management’s cash flow forecast 
and stress tests;  

oil and gas price 
environment. 

We confirmed that 
management’s 
disclosure 
appropriately 
describes the risks and 
mitigation associated 
with Serica’s ability to 
continue to operate as 
a going concern. . 

• verified the opening cash balance, 

that no cash inflows from debt 
funding are assumed and that the 
final net cash position excludes £12 
million of cash held in a restricted 
account as security against letters of 
credit issued in respect of certain 
decommissioning liabilities; 

• challenged the reasonableness of 

the key assumptions as well as their 
consistency with other areas of the 
audit, which included benchmarking 
management’s oil and gas price 
assumptions to historic trends, 
recent bank and broker forecasts 
and forward price curves. We also 
considered the circumstances that 
could lead to a significant or 
prolonged production shut in and 
also the potential impact of actions 
of external stakeholders and trading 
counterparties on management’s 
assessment; 

• considered the appropriateness of 

the oil and gas reserves 
assumptions on which 
management’s assessment is based 
and that the profiles were consistent 
with those used in other areas of the 
financial statements (see KAM on 
assessment of commercial 
reserves);   

• performed sensitivity analysis to 

consider the impact of key 
underlying inputs such as a 
reduction in commodity prices and 
lower production volumes; 

• challenged the likelihood of 

management's ability to execute 
mitigating actions, as required, to 
continue its business activities in the 
severe downside scenarios 
simulated in their sensitivity analysis 
and reverse stress testing; and 

• reviewed the appropriateness of 
management's going concern 
disclosures in the annual report and 
financial statements.  

- 55 - 

 
 
 
gas price assumptions for the 
next 12 months that are 
considerably lower than the 
latest forward prices for 2020 
and 2021 or market prices that 
have been experienced for the 
last 10 years. 

In severe downside scenarios, 
management have also 
identified key mitigating actions 
including the ability to defer 
planned capital expenditure 
and reduce variable operating 
costs, as required.   

Under both management’s 
base case cash flow forecasts 
and stress testing scenarios, 
the Group is expected to 
remain cash flow positive for 
the period of the going concern 
assessment.  

In the prior year, our auditor’s report included a key audit matter in relation to ‘Accounting for Business 
Combination’.  We removed this in the current year as with the exception of adjustments to the PPA, 
the business combination accounting was completed in the prior year. With the exception of the 
measurement of contingent consideration significant audit effort and judgement was not applied in 
determining the current year adjustments.  

An overview of the scope of our audit  

Tailoring the scope 
Our assessment of audit risk, our evaluation of materiality and our allocation of performance 
materiality determine our audit scope for each entity within the Group.  Taken together, this enables us 
to form an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We take into account size, risk profile, the 
organisation of the group and effectiveness of group wide controls, changes in the business 
environment and other factors such as recent Internal audit results when assessing the level of work 
to be performed at each entity. 

In assessing the risk of material misstatement to the Group financial statements, and to ensure we 
had adequate quantitative coverage of significant accounts in the financial statements, we selected 
two components, which represent the principal business units within the Group. 

We performed an audit of the complete financial information of these two business units as these 
were “full scope components” selected based on their size or risk characteristics.  

The components where we performed audit procedures accounted for 100% (2018: 100%) of the 
Group’s Profit before tax, 100% (2018: 100%) of the Group’s Revenue and 99% (2018: 100%) of the 
Group’s Total assets. 

For the remaining components, we performed other procedures, including analytical review, testing of 
consolidation journals, intercompany eliminations and foreign currency translation recalculations to 
respond to any potential risks of material misstatement to the Group financial statements. 

Changes from the prior year  

- 56 - 

 
 
 
 
In the prior year, we included three additional entities as specific scope components. Following the 
completion of the BKR transaction, the assets held in these three entities are no longer material to the 
group making up less than 1% of total assets.  

Involvement with component teams  

In establishing our overall approach to the Group audit, we determined the type of work that needed 
to be undertaken at each of the components by us, as the primary audit engagement team, or by 
component auditors from other EY global network firms operating under our instruction. The audit of 
one of the full scope components in 2019 was performed by our component team based in Aberdeen. 
The other full scope component was audited by the primary team.  

The Group audit team designed a programme of planned interactions with the Aberdeen component 
team including that the Senior Statutory Auditor visited the component team. The primary team 
interacted regularly with the component team throughout the year and met regularly with the audit 
partner responsible for the component audit work. The primary team had access to the underlying 
audit working papers of the component, reviewed key working papers and were responsible for the 
scope and direction of the audit process. The Senior Statutory Auditor, and other senior members of 
the primary team, also met with local management during the year and attended the year end audit 
closing meeting between the component auditors and management.   

A site visit to Aberdeen was planned to take place during the year end audit period. However, due to 
travel restrictions resulting from the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus, this visit could not be performed. 
However, because of the procedures performed, and interactions made throughout the year with both 
the component auditors and local management, and the additional procedures performed at group 
level, this allowed the primary team to exercise sufficient oversight of and involvement in the work of 
the component audit team. These procedures included direct review of component workpapers 
remotely, regular component calls over the course of the audit and involvement of the primary audit 
team in component team meetings with management.  

Our application of materiality  

We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing the audit, in evaluating the effect of 
identified misstatements on the audit and in forming our audit opinion.   

Materiality 
The magnitude of an omission or misstatement that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably 
be expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of the financial statements. Materiality 
provides a basis for determining the nature and extent of our audit procedures. 

We determined materiality for the Group to be £3.2 million (2018: £1.1 million), which is 3% (2018: 
1%) of profit before tax (2018: equity). We used 5% of forecast profit before tax at the planning phase 
of the audit. We believe that, in the current year, profit before tax is the most appropriate 
measurement basis compared to equity as profits are a principal consideration of the users of the 
financial statements. In the prior year, profits were influenced to a large extent by the bargain 
purchase gain arising from the business combination and costs incurred by the Group in completing 
the deal over a 12-month period to 30 November 2019.  

We determined materiality for the Parent Company to be £2.1 million (2018: £5.0 million), which is 1% 
(2018: 5%) of equity. We use equity as the basis for materiality as the purpose of the Parent Company 
is to hold investments in its subsidiaries. Any balances in the Parent Company financial statements 
that were relevant to our audit of the consolidated group were audited using an allocation of group 
performance materiality. 

During the course of our audit, we reassessed initial materiality and updated its calculation for the 
actual financial results of the year. 

Performance materiality 
The application of materiality at the individual account or balance level.  It is set at an amount to 
reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality. 

- 57 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
On the basis of our risk assessments, together with our assessment of the Group’s overall control 
environment, our judgement was that performance materiality was 50% (2018: 75%) of our planning 
materiality, namely £1.6 million (2018: £0.8 million).  We have set performance materiality at this 
percentage after taking into account the Group’s history of misstatements identified during the audit, 
our ability to assess the likelihood of misstatements and the effectiveness of the internal control 
environment. 

Audit work at component locations for the purpose of obtaining audit coverage over significant 
financial statement accounts is undertaken based on a percentage of total performance materiality. 
The performance materiality set for each component is based on the relative scale and risk of the 
component to the Group as a whole and our assessment of the risk of misstatement at that 
component.  In the current year, the performance materiality allocated to the components was £1.7 
million (2018: £0.6 million). 

Reporting threshold 
An amount below which identified misstatements are considered as being clearly trivial. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all uncorrected audit differences in 
excess of £0.16 million (2018: £0.05 million), which is set at 5% of planning materiality, as well as 
differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.   

We evaluate any uncorrected misstatements against both the quantitative measures of materiality 
discussed above and in light of other relevant qualitative considerations in forming our opinion. 

Other information  

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report set out on pages 2 to 
25, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  The directors are responsible 
for the other information.   

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in this report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially 
misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a 
material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of the other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  

the strategic report and directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its 
environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the 
strategic report or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 
2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

- 58 - 

 
 
 
 
•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for 

• 

our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and 
returns; or 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
• 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit 

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 50, the directors 
are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a 
true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error.  

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate 
the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report 
that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement 
when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually 
or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users 
taken on the basis of these financial statements.     

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This 
description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of 
Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to 
the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for 
no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed.   

Mark Woodward (Senior statutory auditor) 
for and on behalf of Ernst & Young LLP, Statutory Auditor 
London 
22 April 2020 

- 59 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Serica Energy plc 
Group Income Statement 
For the year ended 31 December 
Registered Number: 5450950 
Balance Sheet 
As at 31 December 
Continuing operations 
Sales revenue 

Cost of sales  

Gross profit 

Other income/(expense) 
Pre-licence costs 
Impairment and write-offs of E&E assets 
Administrative expenses 
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain  
Share-based payments 
BKR transition costs 

Operating profit before net finance revenue, tax 
and transaction costs 
Change in fair value of BKR financial liability  
Bargain purchase gain on BKR acquisitions 
BKR transaction costs 
Finance revenue 
Finance costs 

Note 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

5 

250,533 

35,708 

6  (164,748) 

(15,690) 

85,785 

20,018 

10,618  
(566)  
(80) 
(5,963)  
(1,020) 
(1,094)  
-  

(1,554) 
(217) 
2,450 
(3,644) 
118 
(367) 
(8,814) 

87,680 

7,990 

21,771 
- 
-  
571 
(1,252)  

- 
33,673 
(2,102) 
201 
(282) 

7 

15 

29 
27 

23 
27 
27 
10 
11 

Profit before taxation 

108,770 

39,480 

Taxation (charge)/credit for the year 

12a) 

(44,750) 

12,005 

Profit for the year 

64,020 

51,485 

Earnings per ordinary share - EPS 
Basic EPS on profit for the year (£) 
Diluted EPS on profit for the year (£) 

13 
13 

0.24 
0.23 

0.20 
0.19 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income  

There are no other comprehensive income items other than those passing through the 
income statement. 

- 60 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Serica Energy plc 
Registered Number: 5450950 
Balance Sheet 
As at 31 December 

Note 

Group 
2019 
£000 

Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated   

Non-current assets 

Exploration & evaluation assets  15 
16 
Property, plant and equipment 
17 
Investments in subsidiaries 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Derivative financial asset 
Term deposits 
Cash and cash equivalents 

18 
19 
20 
21 
21 

3,652 
325,404 
- 
329,056 

4,671 
35,906 
6,880 
- 
101,825 
149,282 

3,183 
373,721 
- 
376,904 

- 
387 
105,256 
    105,643 

4,284 
52,976 
138 
1,000 
42,103 
100,501 

- 
93,330 
- 
- 
11,348 
104,678 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

- 
- 
105,256 
105,256 

- 
86,234 
- 
1,000 
19,710 
106,944 

TOTAL ASSETS 

478,338 

477,405 

210,321 

212,200 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Financial liabilities 
Provisions 
Non-current liabilities 
Financial liabilities 
Provisions 
Deferred tax liability 
TOTAL LIABILITIES 

22 
23 
24 

(24,600)  
 (45,351) 
(1,848)  

(35,229) 
(90,307) 
(1,848) 

23 
24 
12d) 

(110,108)   (164,488) 
(22,647) 
(31,081) 
(280,328)   (345,600) 

(22,590)  
(75,831)  

(1,738) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(1,738) 

(3,219) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(3,219) 

NET ASSETS 

198,010 

131,805 

208,583 

208,981 

Share capital 
Merger reserve 
Other reserve 
Accumulated deficit 

26 
17 

181,385 
- 
17,818 
(1,193)  

180,294 
- 
16,724 
(65,213) 

152,595 
153,686 
88,088 
88,088 
17,818       16,724 
(48,426) 

(51,009) 

TOTAL EQUITY 

198,010 

131,805 

208,583 

208,981 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

The loss for the Company was £2.6 million for the year ended 31 December 2019 (2018: 
profit of £128.0 million). In accordance with the exemption granted under section 408 of 
the  Companies  Act  2006  a  separate  income  statement  for  the  Company  has  not  been 
presented. 

Approved by the Board on 22 April 2020 

Antony Craven Walker 
Executive Chairman     

Mitch Flegg 
Chief Executive Officer 
- 61 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Serica Energy plc 
Statement of Changes in Equity 
For the year ended 31 December  

Group 

At 1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Profit for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payments 
Issue of share capital 

At 31 December 2018 

Profit for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payments  
Issue of share capital 

Note 

Share 
capital 
£000 
*restated 

Other 
reserve 
£000 
*restated 

Accum’d 
deficit 
£000 
*restated 

Total 
£000 
*restated 

169,984 

15,428 

(109,581) 

75,831 

10,102 

929 

(7,117) 

3,914 

- 
- 
- 
208 

- 
- 
367 
- 

51,485 
51,485 
- 
- 

51,485 
51,485 
367 
208 

180,294 

16,724 

(65,213) 

131,805 

- 
- 
- 
1,091 

- 
- 
1,094 
- 

64,020 
64,020 
- 
- 

64,020 
64,020 
1,094 
1,091 

29 
26 

29 
26 

At 31 December 2019 

181,385 

17,818 

(1,193)  

198,010 

Company 

At 1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Share 
capital 
£000 
*restated 

143,837 

8,550 

Merger 
reserve 
£000 
*restated 

Other 
reserve 
£000 
*restated 

Accum’d 
deficit 
£000 
*restated 

Total      
£000 
*restated 

- 

- 

15,428 

(83,434) 

75,831 

929 

(4,952) 

4,527 

Profit for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payments (note 29) 
Issue of share capital (note 26) 
Transfers 

- 
- 
- 
208 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
88,088 

- 
- 
367 
- 
- 

128,048  128,048 
128,048  128,048 
367 
208 
- 

- 
- 
(88,088) 

At 31 December 2018 

152,595 

88,088 

16,724 

(48,426)  208,981 

Profit for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Share-based payments (note 29) 
Issue of share capital (note 26) 
Transfers 

- 
- 
- 
1,091 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
1,094 
- 
- 

(2,583) 
(2,583) 
- 
- 
- 

(2,583) 
(2,583) 
1,094 
1,091 
- 

At 31 December 2019 

153,686 

88,088 

17,818 

(51,009)  208,583 

- 62 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* As described in Note 3, the presentation currency for the Group has been changed to £ 
from  1  January  2019,  with  retrospective  effect  on  comparative  figures.  Equity  per  1 
January  2018  has  been  translated  to  £  using  the  £/US$  closing  rate  applicable  for  the 
same  date.  As  a  result,  a  translation  effect  occurs  for  each  component  of  equity.  The 
translation effect related to share capital, other reserve and accumulated deficit is shown 
as a separate item in the statement of change in equity for 2018.  

- 63 - 

 
 
Serica Energy plc 
Cash Flow Statement 
For the year ended 31 December 

Operating activities: 
Profit/(loss) for the year 
Adjustments to reconcile profit for the year 
to net cash flow from operating activities: 
Taxation charge/(credit) 
BKR transition and transaction costs 
Change in BKR fair value liability 
Bargain purchase gain on BKR acquisitions 
Net finance costs/(income) 
Depreciation and depletion  
Oil and NGL over/underlift  
Impairment and write-offs of E&E assets 
Unrealised and realised hedging (gains)/losses 
Write-back of loans and investments  
Share-based payments 
Other non-cash movements 
Cash outflow on BKR transition/transaction 
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other 

receivables 
(Increase)/decrease in inventories 
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other 
payables 
Net cash in/(out)flow from operations 

Investing activities: 
Interest received 
Purchase of E&E assets 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Cash (out)/inflow from business combination 
Cash outflow arising on asset acquisitions 
Changes in term deposits 
(Payments)/receipts from Group subsidiaries 
Net cash flow from investing activities 

Financing activities: 

(Repayments)/proceeds of borrowings 
Proceeds from issue of shares 
Finance costs paid 
Net cash flow from financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash 
equivalents 
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash 
equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 

Note 

Group 
2019 
£000 

Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

64,020 

51,485 

(2,583) 

128,048 

44,750  
- 
(21,771) 
-  
681 
52,631 
6,969  
80  
(6,742) 
- 
1,094 
638 
-  
6,147  

(12,005) 
10,916 
- 
(33,673) 
81 
6,153 
(3,609) 
(2,450) 
1,827 
- 
367 
(118) 
(12,796) 
(36,564) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(201)  
(176)  
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-   (129,543)  
367 
(85) 
- 
(408)  

1,094 
(149) 
- 
1,100  

(386) 
(11,234) 

25 
20,448 

- 
(1,690) 

- 
1,585 

136,877 

(9,913) 

(2,404)  

(237)  

571 
(549)  
(4,736)  
(57,259) 
- 
1,000 
- 

201 
(1,351) 
(4,220) 
22,238 
(2,102) 
3,224 
- 

225 
- 
(178) 
- 
- 
1,000 
(8,196) 

(60,973) 

17,990 

(7,149) 

(15,673) 
1,091 
(962)  
(15,544) 

12,800 
208 
(193) 
12,815 

- 
1,091 
(49) 
1,042 

201 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,566 

5,767 

- 
208 
- 
208 

60,360 

20,892 

(8,511) 

  5,738 

(638)  
42,103 
101,825 

250 
20,961 
42,103 

149  
19,710 
11,348 

101  
13,871 
19,710 

27 

23 
26 

28 

28 
28 
28 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 64 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Serica Energy plc 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

1.  Authorisation of the Financial Statements and Statement of Compliance with 

IFRS 

The Group’s and Company’s financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 
were  authorised  for  issue  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  22  April  2020  and  the  balance 
sheets  were  signed  on  the  Board’s  behalf  by  Antony  Craven  Walker  and  Mitch  Flegg. 
Serica  Energy  plc  is  a  public  limited  company  incorporated  and  domiciled  in  England  & 
Wales  with  its  registered  office  at  48  George  Street,  London,  W1U  7DY.  The  principal 
activity of the Company and the Group is to identify, acquire and subsequently exploit oil 
and gas reserves. Its current activities are located in the United Kingdom  and Namibia. 
The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on AIM. 

The  Group’s  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  adopted  by  the  EU  as  they  apply  to  the 
financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2019. The Company’s 
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU 
as  they  apply  to  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  for  the  year  ended  31 
December  2019  and  as  applied in  accordance  with the  provisions  of  the  Companies  Act 
2006.  The  Group’s  financial  statements  are  also  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as 
issued  by  the  IASB.  The  principal  accounting  policies  adopted  by the Group  and  by  the 
Company are set out in note 2. 

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption provided under section 408 of the 
Companies  Act  2006  not  to  publish  its  individual  income  statement  and  related  notes. 
The  loss  dealt  with  in  the  financial  statements  of  the  parent  Company  was  £2,583,000 
(2018: profit £128,048,000). 

2. Accounting Policies 

Basis of Preparation 

The  accounting  policies  which  follow  set  out  those  policies  which  apply in  preparing  the 
financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019.  

The  Group  and  Company  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  historical  cost 
basis  and  following  the  change in  functional  and  presentational  currency from US$  to  £ 
sterling  with  effect  from  1  January  2019  (see  note  3)  are  presented  in  £  sterling.  All 
values  are  rounded  to  the  nearest  thousand  pounds  (£000)  except  when  otherwise 
indicated. 

Going Concern  

The Directors  are  required to  consider the  availability  of  resources to  meet  the  Group’s 
liabilities  for  the  foreseeable  future.  The  financial  position  of  the  Group,  its  cash  flows 
and capital commitments are described in the Financial Review above. 

At  31  December  2019  the  Group  held  cash  and  term  deposits  of  £101.8  million  which 
had increased to approximately £108.9 million by 20 April 2020 with the balance at each 
date  including  £12.1  million  of  restricted  funds.  The  bulk  of  contingent  and  deferred 
consideration  due  under  the  BKR  acquisition  agreements  is  related  to  future  successful 
field  performance  and  consequently  will  be  either  reduced  or  deferred  in  the  event  of 
production  interruptions  or  lower  net  cash  generation  in  a  low  oil  and  gas  price 
environment.  

- 65 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
The  Group  regularly  monitors  its  cash,  funding  and  liquidity  position.  Near  term  cash 
projections  are  revised  and  underlying  assumptions  reviewed,  generally  monthly,  and 
longer-term  projections  are  also  updated  regularly.  Downside  price  and  other  risking 
scenarios are considered. In addition to commodity sales prices the Group is exposed to 
potential  production  interruptions  and  these  are  also  considered  under  such  scenarios. 
Serica’s  acquisitions  to-date  have  been  structured  to  reduce  post-completion  risk  and, 
following completion of the BKR transactions, management has given priority to building 
a strong cash reserve which can respond to different types of risk.  

Following  onset  of  the  COVID-19  crisis,  and  the  impact  of  the  dispute  between  OPEC+ 
countries on oil and gas prices, we have stress tested future cash flow forecasts for the 
Group  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  plausible  downside  scenarios.  These  include  scenarios 
that reflect extended low oil and gas prices throughout 2020 and 2021, which are at the 
low end/lower than current forecasts and forward prices, and a three-month production 
shut-in  to  reflect  potential  operational  or  Covid-19  related  issues  that  could  potentially 
impact  the  Group.  We  have  also  performed  reverse  stress  testing  to  assist  our 
judgement, which is designed to model the conditions that would have to exist such that 
the  Group  required  additional  cash  resources  or  had  to  rely  on  mitigating  factors  in  12 
months-time.  These  included  an  adverse  production  shut-in  scenario  and  low-price 
environment,  reflecting  oil  and  gas  price  assumptions  for  the  next  12  months  that  are 
considerably  lower  than  the  latest  forward  prices  for  2020  and  2021  or  market  prices 
that have been experienced for the last 10 years. Under all of these scenarios we retain 
sufficient liquidity in our business. 

The impact of low gas prices is partially mitigated by price hedging up to 31 March 2021 
for  a  proportion  of  projected  gas  sales  volumes,  which  deliver  monthly  cash  inflows  to 
Serica  where market  prices  are lower  than  35  up  to 46  pence  per  therm  with the  price 
variations  reflecting  the  periods  covered.  The  BKR  net  cash  flow  sharing  arrangements 
vary in line with actual net cash generated and therefore the impact of lower sales prices 
and  production  volumes  will  be  shared  by  Serica  and  the  previous  BKR  owners.  This 
mitigated the impact of falls in gas prices last year. It continues to mitigate the impact of 
the  erratic  oil  and  gas  market  conditions  prevailing  so  far  this  year  and  remaining 
payments are expected to be further reduced if low commodity prices are sustained for a 
significant period.    

Serica currently has no borrowings, relatively low operating costs per boe and its limited 
capital commitments can be funded from existing  cash resources. Additionally, we have 
considered  planned  cost  reductions  which  provide  further  resilience  against  softer 
commodity  prices.  In  particular,  Serica  has  reduced  the  level  of  offshore  personnel 
through  deferring  non-essential  work  and  has  facilitated  remote  working  wherever 
possible. 

After  making  enquiries  and  having  taken  into  consideration  the  above  factors,  the 
Directors  have  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to 
continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  Accordingly,  they  continue 
to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.  

Use of judgement and estimates and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to 
make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet 
date  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period. 
Estimates  and  judgements  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on  management’s 
experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to 
be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.  Actual  outcomes  could  differ  from  these 
estimates. 

The key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing material 
adjustment  to the  amounts  recognised in  the financial  statements  are:  determining  the 

- 66 - 

 
 
 
 
 
fair  value  of  contingent  consideration,  determining  the fair  value  of  property, plant  and 
equipment  on  a  business  combination,  decommissioning  provisions,  the  assessment  of 
commercial reserves, the impairment of the Group and Company’s assets (including oil & 
gas  development  assets  and  Exploration  and  Evaluation  “E&E”  assets),  and  the 
recoverability of deferred tax assets. 

Determining the fair value of contingent consideration on BKR acquisitions 
The Group determined the fair value of initial contingent consideration payable based on 
discounted cash flows at the time of the acquisition in 2018 calculated for each separate 
component  of  the  contingent  consideration.  The  same  models  and  assumptions  were 
used in the calculation of the fair value of  property, plant and equipment arising on the 
business combination. Any cash flows specific to the contingent consideration also reflect 
applicable  commercial  terms  and  risks.  In  calculating  the  fair  value  of  contingent 
consideration  on  the  BKR  acquisitions  payable  as  at  31  December  2019,  assumptions 
underlying the calculation were updated from 2018. These included  updated commodity 
prices,  production  profiles,  future  opex,  capex  and  decommissioning  cost  estimates, 
discount  rates,  proved  and  probable  reserves  estimates  and  risk  assessments.  For 
further details including sensitivities of the calculation to changes in input variables,  see 
note 23. 

Determining the fair value of property, plant and equipment on business combination 
The  Group  determines  the  fair  value  of  oil  and  gas  assets  acquired  in  a  business 
combination  based  on  the  discounted  cash  flows  at  the  time  of  acquisition  based  on 
management’s assessment of proven and probable reserves reflecting risks applicable to 
the  assets  acquired.  The  estimated  future  cash  flows  attributable  to  the  asset  are 
discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  discount  rate  that  reflects  the  market 
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset at the time of 
acquisition.  In  calculating  the  asset  fair  value,  the  Group  will  apply  oil  and  gas  price 
assumptions  representing  management’s  view  of  the  medium  and  long-term  pricing 
Adjustments  to  fair  value  assessments  reflecting  corrections  and  adjustments  based 
upon further information that became available can then made up to twelve months after 
completion of the acquisitions (see note 27).  

Decommissioning provision 
Amounts  used  in  recording  a  provision  for  decommissioning  are  estimates  based  on 
current legal  and  constructive  requirements  and  current  technology  and  price levels for 
the  removal  of  facilities  and  plugging  and  abandoning  of  wells.  Due  to  changes  in 
relation  to  these  items,  the  future  actual  cash  outflows  in  relation  to  decommissioning 
are  likely  to  differ  in  practice.  To  reflect  the  effects  due  to  changes  in  legislation, 
requirements and technology and price levels, the carrying amounts of decommissioning 
provisions  are  reviewed  on  a  regular  basis.  The  effects  of  changes  in  estimates  do  not 
give  rise  to  prior  year  adjustments  and  are  dealt  with  prospectively.  While  the  Group 
uses its  best  estimates  and  judgement,  actual  results  could  differ  from  these estimates 
(see note 24). 

Assessment of commercial oil and gas reserves 
Management is required to assess the level of the Group’s commercial reserves together 
with the future expenditures to access those reserves, which are utilised in determining 
the  amortisation  and  depletion  charge  for  the  period  and  assessing  whether  any 
impairment charge is required. The Group employs independent reserves specialists who 
periodically  assess  the  Group’s  level  of  commercial  reserves  by  reference  to  data  sets 
including  geological,  geophysical  and  engineering  data  together  with  reports, 
presentation  and  financial  information  pertaining  to  the  contractual  and  fiscal  terms 
applicable to the Group’s assets. In addition, the Group undertakes its own assessment 
of commercial reserves and related future capital expenditure by reference to the same 
data sets using its own internal expertise.  

Assessment of the recoverable amount of intangible and tangible assets 
The  Group  monitors  internal  and  external  indicators  of  impairment  relating  to  its 
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intangible and tangible assets, which may indicate that the carrying value of the assets 
may not be recoverable. The assessment of the existence of indicators of impairment in 
E&E assets involves  judgement, which includes whether licence performance obligations 
can  be  met  within  the  required  regulatory  timeframe,  whether  management expects  to 
fund significant further expenditure in respect of a licence, and whether the recoverable 
amount may not cover the carrying value of the assets. For development and production 
assets judgement is involved when determining whether there have been any significant 
changes in the Group’s oil and gas reserves. 

The Group determines whether E&E assets are impaired at an asset level and in regional 
cash  generating  units  (‘CGUs’)  when  facts  and  circumstances  suggest  that  the  carrying 
amount of a regional CGU may exceed its recoverable amount. As recoverable amounts 
are  determined  based  upon  risked  potential,  or  where  relevant,  discovered  oil  and  gas 
reserves,  this involves  estimations  and  the  selection  of  a  suitable  pre-tax  discount  rate 
relevant  to  the  asset  in  question.  The  calculation  of  the  recoverable  amount  of  oil  and 
gas development and production properties involves estimating the net present value of 
cash  flows  expected  to  be  generated  from  the  asset  in  question.  Future  cash  flows  are 
based  on  assumptions  on  matters  such  as  estimated  proven  and  probable  oil  and  gas 
reserve  quantities  and  commodity  prices.  The  discount  rate  applied  is  a  pre-tax  rate 
which reflects the specific risks of the country in which the asset is located. 

Management  is  required  to  assess  the  carrying  value  of  investments  in  subsidiaries  in 
the  parent  company  balance  sheet  for  impairment  by  reference  to  the  recoverable 
amount. This requires an estimate of amounts recoverable from oil and gas assets within 
the underlying subsidiaries (see note 17). 

A  review  was  performed  for  any  indication  that  the  value  of  the  Group’s  oil  and  gas 
assets  may  be impaired  at the  balance  sheet  date  of  31 December  2019 in  accordance 
with  the  stated  policy  and  no  impairment  triggers  were  noted.  COVID-19  has  been 
determined as a non-adjusting post-balance sheet event (see note 33).  

Deferred taxation 
Deferred  tax  assets,  including  those  arising  from  unutilised  tax  losses,  require 
management  to  assess  the  likelihood  that  the  Group  will  generate  sufficient  taxable 
profits in future periods, in order to utilise recognised deferred tax assets. Assumptions 
about  the  generation  of  future  taxable  profits  depend  on  management’s  estimates  of 
future  cash  flows.  These  estimates  are  based  on  forecast  cash  flows  from  operations 
(which  are  impacted  by  production  and  sales  volumes,  oil  and  natural  gas  prices, 
reserves,  operating  costs,  decommissioning  costs,  capital  expenditure,  dividends  and 
other capital management transactions) and judgement about the application of existing 
tax  laws.  The  most  significant  variable  behind  the  increased  deferred  tax  asset 
recognised  in  2018  is  the  acquisition  of  the  further  producing  oil  and  gas  assets  in 
November  2018  which have  generated a  significant increase in  management’s estimate 
of future cash flows and taxable income expected to be sheltered by available tax losses. 
To  the  extent  that  actual  events  differ  significantly  from  estimates,  the  ability  of  the 
Group to realise deferred tax assets could be impacted.  

Basis of Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Serica  Energy  plc  (the 
“Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries Serica Holdings UK Limited, Serica Energy 
Holdings  B.V.,  Serica  Energy  (UK)  Limited,  Serica  Glagah  Kambuna  B.V.,  Serica  Sidi 
Moussa  B.V.,  Serica  Energy  Slyne  B.V.,  Serica  Energy  Rockall  B.V.,  Serica  Energy 
Namibia  B.V.,  Serica  Energy  Corporation,  Asia  Petroleum  Development  Limited, 
Petroleum  Development  Associates  (Asia)  Limited  and  Petroleum  Development 
Associates (Lematang) Limited. Together these comprise the "Group". 

All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. 

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Foreign Currency Translation 

The functional and presentational currency of Serica Energy plc and its subsidiaries is  £ 
sterling.  See  further  detail  in  note  3  regarding  the  change  in  functional  and 
presentational currency from US$ to £ sterling with effect from 1 January 2019. 

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  initially  recorded  at  the  functional  currency  rate 
ruling  at  the  date  of  the  transaction.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in 
foreign currencies are retranslated at the foreign currency rate of exchange ruling at the 
balance  sheet  date  and  differences  are  taken  to  the  income  statement.  Non-monetary 
items that  are  measured in terms  of  historical  cost in  a  foreign  currency  are translated 
using  the  exchange  rate  as  at  the  date  of  initial  transaction.  Non-monetary  items 
measured  at  fair  value  in  a  foreign  currency  are  translated  using  the  exchange  rate  at 
the  date  when  the  fair  value  was  determined.  Exchange  gains  and  losses  arising  from 
translation are charged to the income statement as an operating item. 

Business Combinations and Goodwill 

Business combinations from 1 January 2010 

Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.  The  cost  of  an 
acquisition  is  measured  as  the  aggregate  of  consideration  transferred,  measured  at 
acquisition  date  fair  value  and  the  amount  of  any  non-controlling  interest  in  the 
acquiree. Acquisition costs incurred are expensed. 

When  the  Group  acquires  a  business,  it  assesses  the  financial  assets  and  liabilities 
assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual 
terms,  economic  circumstances  and  pertinent  conditions  as  at the  acquisition  date.  Any 
contingent consideration to be transferred to the acquirer will be recognized at fair value 
at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is 
a financial instrument and within the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, is measured 
at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized in the statement of profit or loss in 
accordance  with  IFRS  9.  Other  contingent  consideration  that  is  not  within  the  scope  of 
IFRS  9  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  each  reporting  date  with  changes  in  fair  value 
recognized in profit or loss. 

Goodwill  on  acquisition  is  initially  measured  at  cost  being  the  excess  of  purchase  price 
over  the  fair  market  value  of  identifiable  assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities 
acquired.  Following  initial  acquisition,  it  is  measured  at  cost  less  any  accumulated 
impairment  losses.  Goodwill  is  not  amortised  but  is  subject  to  an  impairment  test  at 
least  annually  and  more  frequently  if  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that 
the  carrying  value  may  be  impaired.  If  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  acquired  is  in 
excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has 
correctly  identified  all  of  the  assets  acquired  and  all  of  the  liabilities  assumed  and 
reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition 
date.  If  the  reassessment  still  results  in  an  excess  of  fair  value  of  net  assets  acquired 
over  the  aggregate  consideration  transferred,  then  the  gain  is  recognized  in  profit  or 
loss. 

At the acquisition date, any goodwill acquired is allocated to each of the cash-generating 
units,  or  groups  of  cash  generating  units  expected  to  benefit  from  the  combination's 
synergies.  Impairment is  determined  by  assessing the  recoverable  amount  of the  cash-
generating unit, or groups of cash generating units to which the goodwill relates. Where 
the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an 
impairment loss is recognised. 

Joint Arrangements 

A  joint  operation  is  a  type  of  joint  arrangement  whereby  the  parties  that  have  joint 
- 69 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
control  of  the  arrangement  have  the  rights  to  the  assets  and  obligations  for  the 
liabilities, relating to the arrangement. 

The  Group  conducts  petroleum  and  natural  gas  exploration  and  production  activities 
jointly  with  other  venturers  who  each  have  direct  ownership  in  and  jointly  control  the 
operations  of  the ventures.  These  are  classified  as  jointly  controlled  operations  and  the 
financial  statements  reflect  the  Group's  share  of  assets  and  liabilities  in  such  activities. 
Income  from  the  sale  or  use  of  the  Group’s  share  of  the  output  of  jointly  controlled 
operations,  and its  share  of  joint  venture  expenses,  are  recognised  when it is  probable 
that  the  economic  benefits  associated  with  the  transaction  will  flow  to/from  the  Group 
and their amount can be measured reliably.  

Full  details  of  Serica’s working interests in  those  petroleum  and  natural  gas  exploration 
and  production  activities  classified  as  joint  operations  are  included  in  the  Review  of 
Operations.  

Exploration and Evaluation Assets 

As allowed under IFRS 6 and in accordance with clarification issued by the International 
Financial  Reporting  Interpretations  Committee,  the  Group  has  continued  to  apply  its 
existing  accounting  policy  to  exploration  and  evaluation  activity,  subject  to  the  specific 
requirements  of  IFRS  6.  The  Group  will  continue  to  monitor  the  application  of  these 
policies in light of expected future guidance on accounting for oil and gas activities. 

Pre-licence Award Costs 

Costs  incurred  prior  to  the  award  of  oil  and  gas  licences,  concessions  and  other 
exploration rights are expensed in the income statement. 

Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) 

The  costs  of  exploring  for  and  evaluating  oil  and  gas  properties,  including  the  costs  of 
acquiring  rights  to  explore,  geological  and  geophysical  studies,  exploratory  drilling  and 
directly related overheads, are capitalised and classified as intangible E&E assets. These 
costs are directly attributed to regional CGUs for the purposes of impairment testing; UK 
& Ireland and Africa.  

E&E  assets  are  not  amortised  prior  to  the  conclusion  of  appraisal  activities  but  are 
assessed  for  impairment  at  an  asset  level  and  in  regional  CGUs  when  facts  and 
circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of a regional cost centre may exceed its 
recoverable amount.  Recoverable amounts are determined based upon risked potential, 
and where relevant, discovered oil and gas reserves. When an impairment test indicates 
an  excess  of  carrying value  compared  to  the  recoverable  amount,  the  carrying  value  of 
the regional CGU is written down to the recoverable amount in accordance with IAS 36. 
Such  excess  is  expensed  in  the  income  statement.  Where  conditions  giving  rise  to 
impairment  subsequently  reverse,  the  effect  of  the impairment  charge is  reversed  as  a 
credit to the income statement. 

Costs of licences and associated E&E expenditure are expensed in the income statement 
if  licences  are  relinquished,  or  if  management  do  not  expect  to  fund  significant  future 
expenditure in relation to the licence. 

The E&E phase is completed when either the technical feasibility and commercial viability 
of  extracting  a  mineral  resource  are  demonstrable  or  no  further  prospectivity  is 
recognised.  At  that  point,  if  commercial  reserves  have  been  discovered,  the  carrying 
value of the relevant assets, net of any impairment write-down, is classified as an oil and 
gas  property  within  property,  plant  and  equipment,  and  tested  for  impairment.  If 
commercial  reserves  have  not  been  discovered  then  the  costs  of  such  assets  will  be 
written off. 

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Asset Purchases and Disposals 

When a commercial transaction involves the exchange of E&E assets of similar size and 
characteristics, no fair value  calculation is  performed. The  capitalised  costs  of the  asset 
being sold are transferred to the asset being acquired. Proceeds from a part disposal of 
an E&E asset, including back-cost contributions are credited against the capitalised cost 
of the asset, with any excess being taken to the income statement as a gain on disposal. 

Farm-ins 

In  accordance  with  industry  practice,  the  Group  does  not  record  its  share  of  costs  that 
are  ‘carried’  by  third  parties  in  relation  to  its  farm-in  agreements  in  the  E&E  phase. 
Similarly,  while  the  Group  has  agreed  to  carry  the  costs  of  another  party  to  a  Joint 
Operating  Agreement  ("JOA")  in  order  to  earn  additional  equity,  it  records  its  paying 
interest that incorporates the additional contribution over its equity share.  

Property, Plant and Equipment – Oil and gas properties 

Capitalisation 

Oil  and  gas  properties  are  stated  at  cost,  less  any  accumulated  depreciation  and 
accumulated impairment losses. Oil and gas properties are accumulated into single field 
cost centres and represent the cost of developing the commercial reserves and bringing 
them into production together with the E&E expenditures incurred in finding commercial 
reserves previously transferred from E&E assets as outlined in the policy above. The cost 
will include, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs.  

Depletion 

Oil  and  gas  properties  are  not  depleted  until  production  commences.  Costs  relating  to 
each  single  field  cost  centre  are  depleted  on  a  unit  of  production  method  based  on  the 
commercial proved and probable reserves for that cost centre. The depletion calculation 
takes  account  of  the  estimated  future  costs  of  development  of  management’s 
assessment  of  proved  and  probable  reserves,  reflecting  risks  applicable  to  the  specific 
assets.  Changes  in  reserve  quantities  and  cost  estimates  are  recognised  prospectively 
from  the last  reporting  date.  Proved  and  probable  reserves  estimates  obtained  from  an 
independent reserves specialist have been used as the basis for 2019 calculations. 

Impairment 

A review is performed for any indication that the value of the Group’s development and 
production assets may be impaired. 

For oil and gas properties when there are such indications, an impairment test is carried 
out  on  the  cash  generating  unit.  Each  cash  generating  unit  is  identified  in  accordance 
with  IAS  36.  Serica’s  cash  generating  units  are  those  assets  which  generate  largely 
independent  cash  flows  and  are  normally,  but  not  always,  single  development  or 
production  areas.  If  necessary, impairment is  charged  through  the income  statement if 
the  capitalised  costs  of  the  cash  generating  unit  exceed  the  recoverable  amount  of  the 
related commercial oil and gas reserves. 

Acquisitions, Asset Purchases and Disposals 

Acquisitions  of  oil  and  gas  properties  are  accounted  for  under  the  acquisition  method 
when the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business.  

Transactions  involving  the  purchase  of  an  individual  field  interest,  or  a  group  of  field 
interests, that do not constitute a business, are treated as asset purchases. Accordingly, 

- 71 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
no goodwill and no deferred tax gross up arises, and the consideration is allocated to the 
assets  and  liabilities  purchased  on  an  appropriate  basis.  Proceeds  from  the  entire 
disposal  of  a  development  and  production  asset,  or  any  part  thereof,  are  taken  to  the 
income statement together with the requisite proportional net book value of the asset, or 
part thereof, being sold. 

Decommissioning 

Liabilities for decommissioning costs are recognised when the Group has an obligation to 
dismantle  and  remove  a  production,  transportation  or  processing facility  and to  restore 
the  site  on  which  it  is  located.  Liabilities  may  arise  upon  construction  of  such  facilities, 
upon  acquisition  or  through  a  subsequent  change  in  legislation  or  regulations.  The 
amount  recognised  is  the  estimated  present  value  of  future  expenditure  determined  in 
accordance  with  local  conditions  and  requirements.  A  corresponding  tangible  item  of 
property, plant and equipment equivalent to the provision is also created.  

Any changes in the present value of the estimated expenditure is added to or deducted 
from  the  cost  of  the  assets  to  which it relates.  The  adjusted  depreciable  amount  of  the 
asset  is  then  depreciated  prospectively  over  its  remaining  useful  life.  The  unwinding  of 
the discount on the decommissioning provision is included as a finance cost. 

Underlift/Overlift 

Lifting  arrangements  for  oil  and  gas  produced  in  certain  fields  are  such  that  each 
participant  may  not  receive  its  share  of  the  overall  production  in  each  period.  The 
difference  between  cumulative  entitlement  and  cumulative  production  less  stock  is 
‘underlift’  or  ‘overlift’.  Underlift  and  overlift  are  valued  at  market  value  and  included 
within  debtors  (‘underlift’)  or  creditors  (‘overlift’).  Following  the  adoption  of  IFRS  15 
‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’, movement in liquids over/underlift is classified 
in cost of sales with effect from 1 January 2018. Movements during an accounting period 
had previously been adjusted through revenue, such that gross profit was recognised on 
an entitlement basis. 

Property, Plant and Equipment - Other 

Computer  equipment  and  fixtures,  fittings  and  equipment  are  recorded  at  cost  as 
tangible assets. The straight-line method of depreciation is used to depreciate the cost of 
these  assets  over their  estimated  useful lives.  Computer  equipment is  depreciated  over 
three years and fixtures, fittings and equipment over four years, and right-of-use assets 
over the period of lease. 

Inventories 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined 
by  the  first-in  first-out  method  and  comprises  direct  purchase  costs  and  transportation 
expenses.  

Investments 

In its separate financial statements the Company recognises its investments in subsidiaries 
at cost less any provision for impairment. 

Financial Instruments 

Financial  instruments  comprise  financial  assets,  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  financial 
liabilities  and  equity instruments.  Financial  assets  and financial liabilities  are  recognised 
when  the  Group  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the  financial 
instrument. 

- 72 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets 

Financial  assets  are  classified,  at  initial  recognition,  as  subsequently  measured  at 
amortised  cost,  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss,  and  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income (OCI). 

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s 
contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. 
With  the  exception  of  trade  receivables  that  do  not  contain  a  significant  financing 
component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient, the Group initially 
measures  a  financial  asset  at  its  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  (in  the  case  of  a 
financial  asset  not  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss).  Trade  receivables  that  do  not 
contain  a  significant  financing  component  or  for  which  the  Group  has  applied  the 
practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15. 

The  Group  determines  the  classification  of  its  financial  assets  at  initial  recognition  and, 
where allowed and appropriate, re-evaluates this designation at each financial year end. 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  include  financial  assets  held  for 
trading  and  derivatives.  Financial  assets  are  classified  as  held  for  trading  if  they  are 
acquired for the purpose of selling in the near term. 

Loans  and  receivables  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable 
payments  that  are  not  quoted in  an  active  market.  After initial  measurement loans  and 
receivables  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost,  using  the effective interest  rate 
method,  less  any  allowance  for  impairment.  Amortised  cost  is  calculated  by  taking  into 
account  any  discount  or  premium  on  acquisition  over  the  period  to  maturity. Gains  and 
losses  are  recognised  in  the  income  statement  when  the  loans  and  receivables  are  de-
recognised or impaired, as well as through the amortisation process. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include balances with banks and short-term investments with 
original maturities of three months or less at the date acquired. 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value 
through  profit  or  loss,  loans  and  borrowings,  payables,  or  as  derivatives  designated  as 
hedging  instruments  in  an  effective  hedge,  as  appropriate.  The  Group’s  financial 
liabilities  currently  include  interest  bearing  loans  and  borrowings,  and  trade  and  other 
payables. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value. Obligations for loans 
and  borrowings  are  recognised  when  the  Group  becomes  party  to  the  related contracts 
and  are  measured  initially  at  the  fair  value  of  consideration  received  less  directly 
attributable transaction costs. 

After  initial  recognition,  interest-bearing  loans  and  borrowings  are  subsequently 
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  the  income  statement  when  the  liabilities  are 
derecognised as well as through the amortisation process. 

Derivative financial instruments 

The  Group  uses  derivative  financial  instruments,  such  as  forward  commodity  contracts, 
to hedge its commodity price risks. The Group has elected not to apply hedge accounting 
to these derivatives. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair 
value  on  the  date  on  which  a  derivative  contract  is  entered  into  and  are  subsequently 
- 73 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value 
is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses 
arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to the statement 
of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and presented within operating profit.  

Further details of the fair values of derivative financial instruments and how they are 
measured are provided in Note 20. 

Equity 

Equity  instruments  issued  by  the  Company  are  recorded  in  equity  at  the  proceeds 
received, net of direct issue costs. 

Provisions 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation 
as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to 
settle  the  obligation,  and  a  reliable  estimate  can  be  made  of  the  amount  of  the 
obligation. 

The  Group’s  estimate  in  respect  of  contingent  consideration  that  may  be  payable 
following  the  acquisition  of  its  interest  in  the  Erskine  field,  is  capitalised  as  an  asset 
acquisition cost. The value of the provision is determined by the amounts and nature of 
operating costs incurred over a contractual period.  

Revenue from contracts with customers 

Revenue  from  contracts  with  customers  is  recognised  when  control  of  the  goods  or 
services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to 
which  the  Group  expects  to  be  entitled  to  in  exchange  for  those  goods  or  services. 
Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable  and 
represents amounts receivable for goods provided in the normal course of business, net 
of  discounts,  customs  duties  and  sales  taxes.  The  Group  has  concluded  that  is  is  the 
principal in its revenue arrangements because it typically controls the goods or services 
before transferring them to the customer. 

The  sale  of  crude  oil,  gas  or  condensate  represents  a  single  performance  obligation, 
being the sale of barrels equivalent on collection of a cargo or on delivery of commodity 
into an infrastructure. Revenue is accordingly recognised for this performance obligation 
when  control  over  the  corresponding  commodity  is  transferred  to  the  customer.  The 
normal credit term is 15 to 45 days upon collection or delivery. 

Finance Revenue 

Finance revenue chiefly comprises interest income from cash deposits on the basis of the 
effective  interest  rate  method  and  is  disclosed  separately  on  the  face  of  the  income 
statement. 

Finance Costs 

Finance costs of debt are allocated to periods over the term of the related debt using the 
effective interest method. Arrangement fees and issue costs are amortised and charged 
to the income statement as finance costs over the term of the debt. 

Share-Based Payment Transactions 

Employees (including executive directors) of the Group receive remuneration in the form 
of  share-based  payment  transactions,  whereby  employees  render  services  in  exchange 
for shares or rights over shares (‘equity-settled transactions’).  

- 74 - 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-settled transactions 

The  cost  of  equity-settled  transactions with  employees is measured  by  reference  to the 
fair value at the date on which they are granted.  In valuing equity-settled transactions, 
no  account  is  taken  of  any  service  or  performance  conditions,  other  than  conditions 
linked to the price of the shares of Serica Energy plc (‘market conditions’), if applicable. 

The  cost  of  equity-settled  transactions  is  recognised,  together  with  a  corresponding 
increase in equity, over the period in which the relevant employees become fully entitled 
to the award (the ‘vesting period’). The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled 
transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the 
vesting  period  has  expired  and  the  Group’s  best  estimate  of  the  number  of  equity 
instruments that will ultimately vest. The income statement charge or credit for a period 
represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end 
of that period. 

No  expense  is  recognised  for  awards  that  do  not  ultimately  vest,  except  for  awards 
where  vesting is  conditional  upon  a  market  or  non-vesting  condition,  which  are  treated 
as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, 
provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied.  For equity awards cancelled 
by forfeiture when vesting conditions are not met, any expense previously recognised is 
reversed  and  recognised  as  a  credit  in  the  income  statement.  Equity  awards  cancelled 
are  treated  as  vesting  immediately  on  the  date  of  cancellation,  and  any  expense  not 
recognised for the award at that date is recognised in the income statement. Estimated 
associated  national  insurance  charges  are  expensed  in  the  income  statement  on  an 
accruals basis. 

Where the terms of an equity-settled award are modified or a new award is designated 
as  replacing  a  cancelled  or  settled  award,  the  cost  based  on  the  original  award  terms 
continues  to  be  recognised  over  the  original  vesting  period.  In  addition,  an  expense  is 
recognised over the remainder of the new vesting period for the incremental fair value of 
any  modification,  based  on  the  difference  between  the  fair  value  of  the  original  award 
and  the  fair  value  of  the  modified  award,  both  as  measured  on  the  date  of  the 
modification. No reduction is recognised if this difference is negative. 

Income Taxes 

Current  tax,  including  UK  corporation  tax  and  overseas  corporation  tax,  is  provided  at 
amounts  expected  to  be  paid  using  the  tax  rates  and  laws  that  have  been  enacted  or 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method and tax rates and laws that have been 
enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  Provision  is  made  for 
temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of the assets and 
liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  for  financial  reporting  purposes.  Deferred  tax  is 
provided on all temporary differences except for: 

• 

• 

temporary  differences  associated  with investments in  subsidiaries, where the  timing 
of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled by the Group and it is 
probable  that  the  temporary  differences  will  not  reverse  in  the  foreseeable  future; 
and 

temporary  differences  arising  from  the  initial  recognition  of  an  asset  or  liability  in  a 
transaction  that  is  not  a  business  combination  and,  at  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
affects neither the income statement nor taxable profit or loss. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, to the extent 
that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  the  deductible 

- 75 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  presented 
net only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current 
tax liabilities and if the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by 
the same taxation authority. 

Earnings Per Share 

Earnings  per  share is  calculated using  the weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares 
outstanding  during  the  period.  Diluted  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  based  on  the 
weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  during  the  period  plus  the 
weighted  average  number  of  shares  that  would  be  issued  on  the  conversion  of  all 
relevant  potentially  dilutive  shares  to  ordinary  shares.  It is  assumed that  any proceeds 
obtained  on  the  exercise  of  any  options  and  warrants  would  be  used  to  purchase 
ordinary  shares  at  the  average  price  during  the  period.  Where  the  impact  of  converted 
shares  would  be  anti-dilutive,  these  are  excluded  from  the  calculation  of  diluted 
earnings. 

New and amended standards and interpretations 

The  Group  has  adopted  and  applied  the  following  standards  that  are  relevant  to  its 
operations for the first time for the annual reporting period commencing 1 January 2019: 

- 

IFRS 16 - Leases 

IFRS  16  Leases,  issued  in  January  2016,  set  out  the  principles  for  the  recognition, 
measurement,  presentation  and  disclosure  of  leases  for  both  lessors  and  lessees.  It 
replaced  the  previous  leases  standard  IAS  17  Leases  and  is  effective  from  1  January 
2019.  Under  the  new  standard  all  lease  contracts,  with  limited  exceptions,  are 
recognised in financial statements by way of right of use assets and corresponding lease 
liabilities.  Compared  with  the  previous  accounting  for  operating  leases,  it  impacts  the 
classification  and  timing  of  expenses  and  consequently  the  classification  between  cash 
flow from operating activities and cash flow from financing activities. 

IFRS  16  introduced  a  single,  on-balance  sheet  lease  accounting  model  for  lessees.  A 
lessee recognises a right-of-use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset, 
and  a  lease  liability,  representing  its  obligation  to  make  lease  payments.  Lessees 
recognise  separately  the  interest  expense  on  the  lease  liability  and  the  depreciation 
expense  on  the  right-of-use  asset.  There  were  recognition  exemptions  for  short-term 
leases and leases of low-value items. Lessor accounting remains similar to the previous 
accounting  under  IAS  17  i.e.  lessors  continue  to  classify  leases  as  finance  or  operating 
leases.  

There  are  no  other  new  or  amended  standards  or  interpretations  effective  for  the  first 
time  for  periods  beginning  on  or  after  1  January  2019  that  had  a  significant  impact  on 
the financial statements. 

Leases 

Impact of IFRS 16 on Serica and accounting policy applicable from 1 January 2019 
Serica does not currently have material lease contracts and therefore the impact of the 
adoption  of  the  new  standard  at  1  January  2019  is  not  considered  to  be  material.  In 
applying IFRS 16 for the first time the Group has applied the short-term lease practical 
expedient  by  not  recognising  lease  liabilities  in  respect  to  lease  arrangements  with  a 
remaining lease term of less than 12 months as at 1 January 2019. The Group adopted 
the  modified  retrospective  approach to adoption  on  1  January  2019, measuring  right-of 
use  assets  at  an  amount  based  on  their  respective  lease  liability  on  adoption,  with  the 
cumulative  effect  of  adopting  the  standard  recognised  at  the  date  of  initial  application 
without restatement of comparative information. 

- 76 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  a lessee,  the  Group  recognises  a  right-of-use  asset  and  a lease liability  at the lease 
commencement date. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the 
lease  payments  that  are  not  paid  at  the  commencement  date,  discounted  by  using  the 
rate implicit in the lease, or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group uses its 
incremental borrowing rate.  

The lease liability is subsequently recorded at amortised cost, using the effective interest 
rate method. The liability is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments 
arising  from  a  change  in  an  index  or  rate  or  if  the  Group  changes  its  assessment  of 
whether  it  will  exercise  a  purchase,  extension  or  termination  option.  When  the  lease 
liability is  remeasured in  this  way,  a  corresponding  adjustment is  made  to  the  carrying 
amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of 
the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.  

The  right-of-use  asset  is  measured  at  cost,  which  comprises  the  initial  amount  of  the 
lease  liability  adjusted  for  any  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement 
date,  plus  any  initial  direct  costs  incurred  and  an  estimate  of  costs  to  dismantle  and 
remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is 
located, less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the 
shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.  

The Group does not currently act as a lessor. 

Accounting policy before 1 January 2019  
Under  IAS  17,  the  determination  of  whether  an  arrangement  is  or  contains  a  lease  is 
based  on  the  substance  of  the  arrangement  at  the  inception  date.  The  arrangement  is 
assessed for whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific 
asset  or  assets  or  the  arrangement  conveys  a  right  to  use  the  asset  or  assets,  even  if 
that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.  

As a lessee  
A  lease  is  classified  at  the  inception  date  as  a  finance  lease  or  an  operating  lease.  A 
lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the 
Group is classified as a finance lease.  

Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the 
leased  asset  or,  if  lower,  at  the  present  value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments.  Lease 
payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so 
as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance 
charges  are  recognised  in  finance  costs  in  the  income  statement.  A  leased  asset  is 
depreciated  over  the  shorter  of  the  useful  life  of  the  asset  or,  if  applicable,  the  lease 
term.  

An  operating lease is  a lease  other  than  a finance lease.  Operating lease  payments  are 
recognised  as  an  operating  expense  in  the  income  statement  on  a  straight-line  basis 
over the lease term. 

Standards issued but not yet effective 

Certain  standards  or  interpretations  issued  but  not  yet  effective  up  to  the  date  of 
issuance  of  the  Group’s  financial  statements  are  listed  below.  This  listing  of  standards 
and  interpretations  issued  are  those  that  the  Group  reasonably  expects  to  have  an 
impact  on  disclosures,  financial  position  or  performance  when  applied  at  a  future  date. 
The  Group  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  of  these  standards  and  intends  to  adopt 
them when they become effective. In reviewing the below standards, the Group does not 
believe that there will be a material impact on the financial statements. 

- 77 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Standard 

Effective year 
commencing on or after 

IFRS 3 – Definition of a Business (amendments to IFRS 3) 
IAS1,  IAS8  -Definition  of  Material  (amendments  to  IAS1 
and IAS 8) 
Framework in IFRS Standards 
IFRS 17 – Insurance Contracts 

1 January 2020  
1 January 2020 

1 January 2020 
1 January 2020 

- 78 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 

Change in functional and presentational currency 

An  entity’s  functional  currency  is  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic  environment  in 
which the entity operates and in which all transactions should be recorded. In light of the 
recent developments within the Company and Group’s operations following completion of 
the BKR acquisitions on 30 November 2018, the directors have reassessed the functional 
currency of both the Company and the Group’s main operating subsidiary, Serica Energy 
(UK) Limited, and concluded that the functional currency of these entities is now pounds 
sterling  (“£”).  The  directors  further  concluded  that  the  currency  in  which  the  Company 
and  Group’s  financial  results  are  reported,  the  presentational  currency,  should  also  be 
changed to £. 

The BKR acquisitions have brought a significant increase in scale to the business with a 
majority of revenues now earned from gas sales which realise revenue in £, and most of 
the  operator  expenditure  running the  BKR  assets is  also  denominated in  £. The  date  of 
change in functional currency from US$ to £ is 30 November 2018. However, given that 
the  impact  between  a  change  on  30  November  2018  compared  to  1  January  2019  is 
considered  to  be  immaterial  the  change  has  been  made  effective  on  1  January  2019. 
Consequently,  the  Group  2019  Interim  Financial  Statements  were  presented  in  £  and 
future  Group  and  Company  financial  statements,  starting  with  these  for  2019,  will  also 
be  presented  in  £.  The  change  in  presentational  currency  from  US$  to  £  represents  a 
voluntary  change  in  accounting  policy  and  is  applied  retrospectively  with  2018 
comparatives restated. 

The  presentation  currency  for  the  Company  and  Group  has  been  changed  to  £  from  1 
January  2019,  with  retrospective  effect  on  comparative  figures.  Assets  and  liabilities 
have  been  translated into  £  at  closing rates  of  exchange  on  the  relevant  balance  sheet 
date,  whilst  income  and  expenditure  items  were  translated  at  rates  of  exchange 
prevailing at the relevant time of the transaction. Share capital and other reserves have 
been  translated  at  the  closing  rates  of  exchange  on  the  relevant  balance  sheet  date. 
Equity  per  1  January  2018  has  been  translated  to  £  using  the  £/US$  closing  rate 
applicable for the same date. As a result, a translation effect occurs for each component 
of equity. The translation effect related to share capital, other reserve and accumulated 
deficit is shown as a separate item in the statement of change in equity for 2018.  

The exchange rates of the US dollar to pounds sterling over the periods  restated in this 
report are as follows: 31 December 2017- closing rate 1.349, year ended 31 December 
2018 - closing rate 1.2734, average rate 1.335. 

- 79 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 

Segment Information 

The Group’s business is that of oil and gas exploration, development and production. The 
Group’s reportable segments are based on the location of the Group’s assets.  

The  following  tables  present  revenue,  profit  and  certain  asset  and  liability  information 
regarding  the  Group’s  geographical  reportable  segments  for  the  years  ended  31 
December 2019 and 2018. Costs associated with the UK corporate centre are included in 
the UK reportable segment.  

Year ended 31 December 2019 

Revenue 
Continuing operations 
Depletion 
Other expenses 
Pre-licence costs 
E&E asset write-offs 
Operating and segment profit/(loss) 
Change in BKR financial liability 
Finance revenue 
Finance costs 
Profit/(loss) before taxation 
Taxation charge for the year 
Profit/(loss) after taxation 

Other segment information: 
Property, plant & equipment 
Exploration and evaluation assets 
Other assets 
Unallocated assets 
Total assets 

           UK 
£000 

Ireland 
£000 

     Africa 
£000 

        Total 
Ireland 
£000 

Ireland 

Ireland 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa 

250,533 

- 

(52,631)  
(109,576)  
(566)  
(62) 
87,698 
21,771 
571 
(1,252)  
108,788 
(44,750) 
64,038 

- 
- 
- 
(18)  
(18)  
- 
- 
- 
(18)  
- 
(18)  

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

250,533 

(52,631) 
(109,576)  
(566) 

(80) 
87,680 
21,771 
571 
(1,252)  
108,770 
(44,750) 
64,020 

  UK 
£000 

   Ireland 
£000 

Africa 
£000 

Total 
£000 

325,404 
304 
149,282 

474,990 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
3,348 
- 

3,348 

325,404 
3,652 
149,282 
- 
478,338 

Segment liabilities 
Total liabilities 

(280,272)  
(280,272)  

(52)  
(52)  

(4)   (280,328)  
(4)   (280,328)  

Capital expenditure 2019: 
Property, plant & equipment 
Exploration and evaluation assets 

5,074 
291 

- 
18 

- 
240 

5,074 
549 

- 80 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended 31 December 2018 

Revenue 
Continuing operations 
Depletion 
Other expenses 
Pre-licence costs 
E&E asset impairment/write-offs 
BKR transition costs 
Operating and segment profit/loss 
Bargain purchase gain on BKR acquisition 
BKR transaction costs 
Finance revenue 
Finance costs 
Profit before taxation 
Taxation credit for the year 
Profit after taxation 

           UK 
£000 

Ireland 
£000 
*restated  *restated 

35,708 

- 

- 
(6,153) 
- 
(14,984) 
(217) 
- 
9,866  (7,416) 
- 
(8,814) 
15,406  (7,416) 
- 
33,673 
- 
(2,102) 
- 
201 
- 
(282) 
46,896  (7,416) 
12,005 
- 
58,901  (7,416) 

     Africa 
£000 
*restated 

        Total 
Ireland 
£000 
*restated 

Ireland 

Ireland 

Africa 

Africa 

Africa 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

35,708 

(6,153) 
(14,984) 
(217) 
2,450 
(8,814) 
7,990 
33,673 
(2,102) 

201 
(282) 
39,480 
12,005 
51,485 

Other segment information: 
Property, plant & equipment 
Exploration and evaluation assets 
Other assets 
Unallocated assets 
Total assets 

  UK 
£000 

   Ireland 
£000 

Africa 
£000 

Total 
£000 

373,721 
74 
85,765 

459,560 

- 
- 
5 

5 

- 
3,109 
- 

3,109 

373,721 
3,183 
85,770 
14,731 
477,405 

Segment liabilities 
Total liabilities 

(345,362) 
(345,362) 

(128) 
(128) 

(110) 
(110) 

(345,600) 
(345,600) 

Capital expenditure 2018: 
Property, plant & equipment 
Exploration and evaluation assets 

3,964 
753 

- 
409 

- 
189 

3,964 
1,351 

Unallocated assets comprise cash on deposit. In 2019 all cash on deposit is allocated to 
the UK operating segment. 

Information on major customers is provided in note 5. 

- 81 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  Sales Revenue 

Gas sales 
Oil sales 
NGL sales 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

28,137 
 152,586 
75,237 
4,877 
22,710            2,694 

250,533 

35,708 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Gas sales revenue in 2018 and 2019 arose from one key customer, all oil sales revenue 
in 2018 and 2019 was from one key customer, and NGL sales in 2019 were made to four 
(2018: four) customers. 

6.  Cost of Sales 

Operating costs 
Depletion (see note 16) 
Movement in liquids overlift/underlift  

2019 
£000 

105,148 
52,631 
6,969  

2018 
£000 
*restated 

13,146 
6,153 
(3,609) 

164,748 

15,690 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

7.  Group Operating Profit 

This is stated after crediting/(charging): 

Realised hedging gains 
Unrealised hedging gains/(losses) 

Other income/(expense) 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

3,876 
6,742 

273 
(1,827) 

10,618 

(1,554) 

Operating leases 
Operating lease rentals on land and buildings expensed in 2018 were £208,000*. 

Depreciation, depletion and amortisation expense 
Depreciation  of  other  property,  plant  and  equipment  totalled  £190,000  in  2019  (2018: 
£nil) and was allocated within general and administrative expenses. 

Depletion of oil and gas properties is classified within cost of sales. 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 82 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Auditor’s Remuneration 

Audit of the Group accounts 
Audit of the Company’s accounts 
Audit of accounts of Company’s subsidiaries 
Total audit fees 

Other fees to auditor: 
Corporate transaction services 
Other assurance fees 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

325                170 
30 
11 
211 

30 
12 
367 

£000 

£000 

- 
- 

- 

267 
32 

299 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Fees  paid  to  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  and  its  associates  for  non-audit  services  are  not 
disclosed  in  the  individual  accounts  of  the  Company  as  Group  financial  statements  are 
prepared which are required to disclose such fees on a consolidated basis.  

- 83 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.  Staff Costs and Directors’ Emoluments 

a)  Staff Costs 

Staff costs  
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension costs 
Share-based long-term incentives 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

16,749 
2,075 
1,960 
1,094 

4,765 
525 
140 
367 

21,878 

5,797 

The average number of persons employed by the Group during the year was 145 (2018: 22), 
with operating ac 
9 in management functions (2018: 7), 126 in technical functions (2018: 13) and 10 (2018:2) 
in finance and administrative functions. 

The average number of persons employed by the Company during the year was 10 (2018: 7), 
operating ac 
with 7 in management functions (2018: 6), nil in technical functions (2018: nil) and 3 (2018:1) 
in finance and administrative functions. 

Staff costs for key management personnel: 
Short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Share-based payments 

1,255 
40 
242 

1,095 
27 
175 

1,537 

1,297 

b)  Directors’ Emoluments 
The emoluments of the individual Directors were as follows. All amounts are paid in £ sterling. 

A Craven Walker 

M Flegg (1) 
N Pike 

I Vann 

T Garlick (2) 

M Webb (3) 

fees 

£000 

400 
400 
50 
50 
50 
50 

2019 
Salary and 

2019 
Bonus 

2019 
Pension 

£000 

£000 

- 
124 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
40 
- 
- 
- 
- 

40 

1,000 

124 

Note (1) Cash in lieu of pension. 
Note (2) Trevor Garlick was appointed on 30 November 2018. 

Note (3) Malcolm Webb was appointed on 30 November 2018. 

Number of Directors securing benefits under defined 
contribution schemes during the year 
Number of Directors who exercised share options 

- 84 - 

2019 
Benefits 

in kind 

£000 

19 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2019 
Total 

£000 

419 
564 
50 
50 
50 
50 

2018 
Total 

£000 
*restated 

489 
432 
50 
50 
3 
3 

19 

1,183 

1,027 

2019 

2018 

1 
- 

1 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Aggregate gains made by Directors on the exercise of options 

£000 
- 

£000 
- 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

The  Group  defines  key  management  personnel  as  the Directors  of  the  Company.  There 
are no transactions with Directors other than their remuneration as disclosed above and 
those described in Note 32. 

10. Finance Revenue  

Bank interest receivable 

Total finance revenue 

2019 
£000 

571 

571 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

201 

201 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

11. Finance Costs 

Interest payable on BKR Facility 
Interest payable on Erskine acquisition consideration 
Other interest payable 
Unwinding of discount on decommissioning provisions (note 24) 

Total finance costs 

2019 
£000 

643 
- 
96 
513 

1,252 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

204 
41 
5 
32 

282 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 85 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Taxation 

a)  Tax charged/(credited) in the income statement 

Charge for the year 

Total current income tax charge 

Deferred tax 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Origination and reversal of temporary differences in the  
current year 
Adjustment in respect of prior years 

Total deferred tax charge/(credit) 

44,750 
-  

- 
(12,005) 

44,750  

(12,005)  

Tax charge/(credit) in the income statement 

44,750 

(12,005) 

b)  Reconciliation of the total tax charge/(credit) 

The tax in the income statement for the year differs from the amount that would be 
expected by applying the standard UK corporation tax rate for the following reasons: 
corporation tax in the UK of  

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Accounting profit before taxation 

108,770 

39,480 

Statutory rate of corporation tax in the UK of 40% (2018: 
40%) 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Unrecognised tax losses 
Exploration write-offs 
Bargain gain on BKR acquisitions 
Utilisation of tax losses not previously recognised 
Different foreign tax rates 
Other 
Recognition of losses not previously recognised 
Tax charge/(credit) reported in the income statement 

43,508 
218 
1,033 
29 
- 
-  
11 
(49) 
-  
44,750  

15,792 
1,010 
377 
1,854 
(13,470) 
(6,350) 
1,123 
(336) 
(12,005) 
(12,005) 

- 86 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c)  Recognised and unrecognised tax losses 

The Group’s deferred tax assets at 31 December 2019 are recognised to the extent that 
taxable  profits  are  expected  to  arise  in  the  future  against  which  tax  losses  and 
allowances  in  the  UK  can  be  utilised.  In  accordance  with  IAS  12  Income  Taxes,  the 
Group assessed the recoverability of its deferred tax assets at 31 December 2019 with 
respect to ring fence losses and allowances. 

The  Group  has  UK  ring  fence  tax  losses  of  £40.2  million  available  as  at  31  December 
2019  (2018:  £109.4  million)  which  form  part  of  total  UK  tax  losses  of  approximately 
£65.4  million  (2018:  £133.7  million)  that  are  available  indefinitely  for  offset  against 
future trading profits of the companies in which the losses arose. Of this amount £40.2 
million  (2018:  £51.8  million)  has  been  set  off  against  taxable  temporary  differences. 
The  benefit  of  approximately  £25.2  million (2018:  £24.3  million)  of  tax losses has  not 
been recognised in these consolidated statements which reflects the extent of the total 
available  UK  tax  losses  that  have  not  either  been  recognised  in  the  net  deferred  tax 
asset or set against a deferred tax liability arising. 

d)  Deferred tax 

The deferred tax included in the balance sheet is as follows: 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Deferred tax liability: 
Temporary differences on capital expenditure 

     (130,162)  

(149,828) 

Deferred tax liability 

    (130,162)  

(149,828) 

Deferred tax asset: 
Tax losses carried forward 
Deductibles under the Net Cash Flow Sharing Deed 
Decommissioning liability 

Deferred tax asset 

Net deferred tax liability 

Reconciliation of net deferred tax (liabilities)/assets 

At 1 January 
*Translation effect 
Tax (charge)/ income during the year recognised in profit 
Deferred taxes acquired (see note 27) 

At 31 December 

      16,395 
28,900 
9,036 

43,878 
65,810 
9,059 

54,331        118,747 

(75,831)       (31,081) 

2019 
£000 

(31,081) 
- 
(44,750) 
-  

2018 
£000 
*restated 

12,016 
777 
12,005 
(55,879) 

(75,831)  

(31,081) 

- 87 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The deferred tax in the Group income statement is as follows: 

Deferred tax in the income statement: 
Temporary differences on capital expenditure 
Temporary difference on future recoverable costs 
Tax losses carried forward 
Net Cash Flow Sharing Deed 
Other temporary differences 

2019  
£000 

        (19,666)     

- 
27,483  
36,910 
23 

2018  
£000 
*restated 

3,903 
- 
(15,908) 
- 
- 

Deferred income tax charge/(credit) 

44,750 

(12,005) 

e)  Changes to UK corporation tax legislation 

Finance Act 2016 enacted a change in the mainstream corporation tax rate to 17% with  
effect from 1 April 2020. In the Budget statement on 11 March 2020 it was announced 
that the corporation tax rate will remain at 19% from 1 April 2020.   
The headline rate of tax for UK ring-fenced trading profits remains at 40%. 

f)  Unrecognised deferred tax liability 

In  2019  and  2018  there  are  no  material  temporary  differences  associated  with 
investments withbsidiaries forhich 
subsidiaries for which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised. 

g)  Company 

The Company has £25.2 million (2018: £23.9 million *) of UK corporation tax  
losses which are not recognised as deferred tax assets. 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 88 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.  Earnings Per Share 

Basic earnings or loss per ordinary share amounts are calculated by dividing net profit or 
loss  for  the  year  attributable  to  ordinary  equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the  weighted 
average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.  

Diluted earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net profit attributable 
to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
that  would  be  issued  on  the  conversion  of  dilutive  potential  ordinary  shares  granted 
under share-based payment plans (see note 29) into ordinary shares.  

The following reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings 
per share computations: 

2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Net profit from continuing operations 

64,020 

51,485 

Net profit attributable to equity holders of the parent 

64,020 

51,485 

2019 
’000 

2018  
’000 

Basic weighted average number of shares 

265,768 

264,164 

Dilutive potential of ordinary shares granted under  
share-based payment plans 

10,362 

11,087 

Diluted weighted average number of shares 

276,130 

275,251 

Basic EPS on profit for the year (£) 
Diluted EPS on profit for the year (£) 

2019 
£ 

2018 
£ 
*restated 

0.24 
0.23 

0.20 
0.19 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

14.  Dividends proposed 

Proposed dividends on ordinary shares 

A final cash dividend for 2019 of 3 pence per share is proposed (2018: nil) which would 
generate a payment of £8.0 million. 

Proposed  dividends  on  ordinary  shares  are  subject  to  approval  at  the  annual  general 
meeting and are not recognised as a liability as at 31 December 2019. 

- 89 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Exploration and Evaluation Assets 

Group 

Cost: 
1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Additions 
Write-offs 
Transfers to property, plant and equipment (note 16) 

31 December 2018 

Additions 
Write-offs 

31 December 2019 

Provision for impairment: 
1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Impairment reversal for the year 

31 December 2018 

Impairment reversal for the year 

31 December 2019 

Net book amount: 
31 December 2019 

31 December 2018 

1 January 2018 

Total 
£000 
*restated 

48,905 

2,971 

1,351 
(7,416) 
(42,628) 

3,183 

549 
(80) 

3,652 

(9,313) 

(553) 

9,866 

- 

- 

- 

3,652 

3,183 

39,592 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

The  2019  asset  write-off  figure  comprised  a  £0.1  million  charge  following  the 
relinquishment  of  UK  Licence  P1620 (containing  the  Rowallan  prospect)  and  final  minor 
charges against costs incurred on the Group’s Irish licences.  

The impairment reversal net of write-off charges against E&E assets in 2018 was a credit 
of  £2.5  million. This  comprised  an impairment  reversal  of  £9.9 million in  respect  of  the 
Group’s  Columbus  asset  in  the  UK  North  Sea  partially  offset  by  asset  write-off  charges 
against the  Group’s  Irish  assets  consisting  of  the  Slyne  1/06  Licence (£2.7  million)  and 
Rockall 1/09 and 4/13 Licences (£4.7 million). 

- 90 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The full impairment reversal recorded against the Columbus  asset book amount in 2018 
arose  from  revised  economic  evaluations  and  operational  developments  in  the  project. 
The  recoverable  post-tax  amount  of  US$68  million  for  the  Columbus  asset  was 
determined on a fair value less costs to sell basis (’FVLCS’) using a discounted cash flow 
model  which  exceeded  the  Columbus  book  cost  of  £42.6  million.  The  projected  cash 
flows  were  extrapolated  until  2029  using  a  2%  growth  rate  and  were  adjusted  to  risks 
specific  to  the  asset  and  discounted  using  a  discount  rate  of  10%  (10.5%  for  previous 
impairment reversal in 2015). This discount rate was derived from the Group’s estimate 
of  discount  rates  that might  be  applied  by  active market  participants  and  was  adjusted 
where applicable to take into account any specific risks relating to the region where the 
asset is located. 

In  determining  FVLCS  it  was  necessary  to  make  a  series  of  assumptions  to  estimate 
future  cash  flows  including  volumes,  price  assumption  and  cost  estimates.  The 
calculation was most sensitive to the following assumptions; discount rates, oil and gas 
prices, reserve estimates and project risk. There were no reasonably possible changes in 
any  of  the  above  key  assumptions  that  would  have  caused  the  carrying  value  of  the 
Columbus  asset  to  materially  exceed  its  recoverable  amount.  Serica  submitted  a  Field 
Development  Plan  to  the  OGA  in  June  2018  and  was  granted  development  and 
production  consent  in  October  2018.  Effective  31  December  2018,  Columbus  resources 
were re-classified as reserves and the book costs previously recorded as Exploration and 
Evaluation  assets  were  reclassified  as  Oil  and  Gas  assets  within  Property,  Plant  and 
Equipment. 

Company 

The Company has no E&E assets. 

- 91 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16.  Property, Plant and Equipment 

Group 

Cost: 
1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Additions 
Acquisitions (note 27) 
Transfers (note 15) 

31 December 2018 

Additions 

Revisions (note 24) 

Oil and gas 
properties 

£000 
*restated 

8,869 

1,442 

3,752 
326,342 
42,628 

383,033 

4,558 

(570) 

Equipment, 
fixtures 
and fittings 
£000 
*restated 

Right-of-
use assets 

Total 

£000 

£000 
*restated 

- 

- 

212 
- 
- 

212 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

8,869 

1,442 

3,964 
326,342 
42,628 

383,245 

516 

5,074 

- 

(570) 

31 December 2019 

387,021 

212 

516 

387,749 

Depreciation and depletion: 
1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

3,206 

165 

Charge for the year (note 6) 

6,153 

31 December 2018 

9,524 

Charge for the year (note 6,7) 

52,631 

31 December 2019 

62,155 

Net book amount: 
31 December 2019 

31 December 2018 

1 January 2018 

324,866 

373,509 

5,663 

- 

- 

- 

- 

61 

61 

151 

212 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,206 

165 

6,153 

9,524 

129 

52,821 

129 

62,345 

387 

325,404 

- 

373,721 

- 

5,663 

BKR asset acquisitions 
On 30 November 2018 the Group acquired interests in the Bruce, Keith and Rhum fields 
resulting in an acquisition of assets (see note 27) at a value of £326.3 million allocated 
to property, plant and equipment.  

Columbus 
Following  the  approval  of  the  FDP for  Columbus  and  decision for  the  project  to  proceed 
the  associated  net  book  amount  of  £42.6  million  was  transferred  from  E&E  assets  to 
property, plant and equipment in 2018. 

- 92 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other 
Depletion  charges  on  oil  and  gas  properties  are  classified  within  ‘cost  of  sales’. 
Depreciation  on  other  elements  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  provided  on  a 
straight-line basis, and taken through general and administration expenses.  

Company 
The Company has right-of-use assets with a net book amount of £0.4 million as at 31 
December 2019. 

17.  Investments 

Company – Investment in subsidiaries 

Cost: 
As at 1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 
Movement in investment 

As at 1 January 2019 

Movement in investment 

As at 31 December 2019 

Provision for impairment: 
As at 1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 
Impairment reversal for the year 

As at 1 January 2019 

Impairment reversal for the year 

As at 31 December 2019 

Net book amount: 
31 December 2019 

31 December 2018 

1 January 2018 

Total 
£000 
*restated 

99,358 

5,898 
- 

105,256 

- 

105,256 

(98,358) 

(5,838) 
104,196 

- 

- 

- 

105,256 

105,256 

1,000 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

In the Company financial statements, the cost of the investment acquired on  an historic 
reorganisation  in  2005  was  calculated  with  reference  to  the  market  value  of  Serica 
Energy  Corporation  as  at  the  date  of  the  reorganisation.  As  a  UK  company,  under 
Section 612 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company is entitled to merger relief on its 
share  reorganisation  with  Serica  Energy  Corporation,  and  the  excess  of  £88,088,000 
over  the  nominal  value  of  shares  issued  (US$7,475,000)  was  credited  to  a  merger 
reserve.  The  merger  reserve  is  adjusted  for  any  write-down  in  the  value  of  the 
investment in  subsidiary.  Following the impairment  charges  recorded in  2010 and  2013 

- 93 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
against  the  Company’s  investment  in  subsidiary  undertakings,  all  amounts  initially 
credited  to  the  merger  reserve  were  eliminated.  The  write-back  of  investment  in 
subsidiary  in  2018  noted  below  generated  a  transfer  of  £88,088,000  to  the  merger 
reserve of those amounts initially eliminated in prior periods. 

Management  assessed  the  carrying  value  of  investments  in  subsidiaries  in  the  parent 
company  balance  sheet  for  impairment  by  reference  to  the  recoverable  amount.  The 
impairment reversal in 2018 of £104,196,000 against the carrying value of investments 
in  subsidiaries,  and  the  reduction  of  £25,347,000  in  provision  for  impairment  against 
amounts owed by Group undertakings (see note  19) was made following an increase in 
value  attributed  to  certain  of  the  oil  and  gas  assets  held  by  the  Company’s  subsidiary 
undertakings.  This  was  largely  generated  following  the  acquisition  of  the  BKR  assets  in 
November  2018,  an  upgrade  to  Erskine  proved  and  probable  reserves,  and  operational 
developments on the Columbus asset during 2018. 

Details of the investments in which the Group and the Company (unless indicated) hold 
20% or more of the nominal value of any class of share capital are as follows: 

Name of company: 

Holding 

Nature of 
business 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 

Holding 
Serica Holdings UK Ltd  
Holding 
Serica Energy Holdings BV (i & iii) 
E&P 
Serica Energy (UK) Ltd (i) 
Exploration 
Serica Energy Slyne BV (i & iii) 
Exploration 
Serica Energy Rockall BV (i & iii) 
Exploration 
Serica Energy Namibia BV (i & iii) 
Exploration 
Serica Sidi Moussa BV (i & iii) 
Serica Foum Draa BV (i, iii & iv) 
Dormant 
Serica Glagah Kambuna BV (i & iii)  Ordinary   Dormant 
Ordinary 
Dormant 
Serica Energy Corporation (i & ii) 
Ordinary 
Dormant 
APD Ltd (i & ii) 
Ordinary 
Dormant 
PDA Asia Ltd (i & ii) 
Dormant 
Ordinary 
PDA (Lematang) Ltd (i) 
Dormant 
Serica UK Exploration Ltd (i) 
Ordinary 
Dormant 
Serica Walvis Namibia BV (i,iii & iv)  Ordinary 

(i) Held by a subsidiary undertaking 
(ii) Incorporated in the British Virgin Islands 
(iii) Incorporated in the Netherlands 
(iv) Liquidated in 2018 

% voting 
rights 
and 
shares 
held 
2019 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
- 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
- 

% voting 
rights and 
shares 
held  

2018 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
- 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
- 

The registered office of the Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in the UK is  48 George 
Street, London, W1U 7DY. 

The  registered  office  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries  incorporated  in  the  Netherlands  is 
Hoogoorddreef 15, 1101 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 

The  registered  office  of  APD  Ltd  and  PDA  Asia  Ltd  is  P.O.  Box  957,  Offshore 
Incorporations Centre, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The registered office of 
Serica Energy Corporation is P.O. Box 71, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. 

- 94 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18.  Inventories 

Group 

2019 
£000 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Materials and spare parts 

4,671 

4,284 

4,671 

4,284 

- 

- 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

- 

- 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined 
by  the  first-in  first-out  method  and  comprises  direct  purchase  costs  and  transportation 
expenses.  Inventories  are  recorded  net  of  an  obsolescence  provision  of  £1.3  million 
(2018: 1.3 million) which was recognised as part of the BKR acquisition accounting (note 
27).  

19.  Trade and Other receivables 

Due within one year: 
Amounts owed by Group undertakings 
Trade receivables 
Amounts recoverable from JV partners 
Other BKR receivables 
Other receivables 
Prepayments and accrued income 
VAT recoverable 
Liquids underlift 

Group 
2019 
£000 

- 
20,859 
10,870 
907 
284 
983 
2,003 
- 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

- 
30,952 
5,894 
7,004 
35 
320 
2,024 
6,747 

93,064 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
266 
- 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

84,868 
- 
- 
- 
15 
264 
1,087 
- 

35,906 

52,976 

93,330 

86,234 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Trade  receivables  at  31  December  2019  arose  from  five  (2018:  five)  customers.  They 
are non-interest bearing and are generally on 15 to 30 day terms. 

Other BKR receivables include final consideration amounts due from the BKR acquisitions 
and deferred BKR transition costs. 

None  of  the  Group’s  receivables  are  considered  impaired  and  there  are  no  financial 
assets  past  due  but  not  impaired  at  the  year  end.  The  Directors  consider  the  carrying 
amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value. 

Management  considers  that  there  are  no  unreasonable  concentrations  of  credit  risk 
within the Group or Company.  

At  the  reporting  date  the  amounts  owed  by  Group  undertakings  to  the  Company  are 
disclosed net of an impairment of £13,231,000 (2018: £13,231,000) – see note 17. 

- 95 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Financial assets 

Financial assets - current 
Derivative financial instruments 

Group 
2019 
£000 

6,880 

6,880 

2018 
£000 

*restated 

138 

138 

Company 
2019 
£000 

- 

- 

2018 
£000 

*restated 

- 

- 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Derivative financial instruments 
The  Group  enters  into  derivative  financial  instruments  with  various  counterparties.  The 
gas  put  option  commodity  contract  with  BP  (fair  value  hierarchy  level  2)  is  measured 
based  on  a  consensus  of  mid-market  values  from  third  party  providers  based  on  the 
Black Scholes model with inputs of observable spot commodities price, interest rates and 
the  volatility  of  the  commodity.  Other  derivative  financial  instruments  are  valued  by 
counterparties,  with  the  valuations  reviewed  internally  and  corroborated  with  readily 
available market data (level 2). 

Details of the Group’s derivative financial instruments held as at 31 December 2019 and 
entered into during 2020 to date are provided in note 25. 

21.  Cash and Term Deposits 

Group 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Short-term deposits 

42,584 
59,241 

28,372 
13,731 

5,281 
6,067 

6,372 
13,338 

Cash and cash equivalents 

101,825 

42,103 

11,348 

19,710 

Term deposits 

- 

1,000 

- 

1,000 

101,825 

43,103 

11,348 

20,710 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

As  at  31  December  2019,  the  cash  balance  of  £101.8  million  contains  an  amount  of 
£12.1  million  held  in  a  restricted  account  as  security  against  letters  of  credit  issued  in 
respect of certain decommissioning liabilities. 

- 96 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash  at  bank  earns  interest  at  floating  rates  based  on  daily  bank  deposit  rates.  Short-
term  deposits  and  term  deposits  are  made  for  varying  periods  of  between  one  and 
ninety-five days depending on the immediate cash requirements of the Group and earn 
interest at the respective short  to medium term deposit rates. The Group’s exposure to 
credit  risk  arises  from  potential  default  of  a  counterparty,  with  a  maximum  exposure 
equal to the carrying amount. The Group seeks to minimise counterparty credit risks by 
only  depositing  cash  surpluses  with  major  banks  of  high  quality  credit  standing  and 
spreading the placement of funds over a range of institutions.  

Financial  institutions,  and  their  credit  ratings,  which  held  greater  than  10%  of  the 
Group’s cash and short-term deposits at the balance sheet date were as follows: 

 S&P/Moody’s 
credit rating 

Group 
2019 
£000 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

Barclays Bank plc 
Lloyds Bank plc 
Investec Bank plc 

A-1 
A-1 
P-1 

36,358 
53,120 
12,314 

19,567 
23,508 
- 

5,229 
6,119 
- 

5,166 
15,544 
- 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

For the purposes of the consolidated and Company cash flow statement, cash and cash 
equivalents exclude term deposits of £nil from the above amounts at 31 December 2019 
(2018: £1,000,000). 

22.  Trade and Other Payables 

Current: 
Trade payables 
Other payables 
Accrued expenses 
Liquids overlift 

Group 
2019 
£000 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

5,807 
1,914 
16,657 
222 

4,443 
12,206 
18,580 
- 

94 
629 
1,015 
- 

2,595 
624 
- 
- 

24,600 

35,229 

1,738 

3,219 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Trade payables are non-interest bearing and are generally on 15 to 30 day terms. 

Accrued  expenses  include  accruals  for  operating  and  capital  expenditure  in  relation  the 
oil  and  gas  assets.  The  Directors  consider  the  carrying  amount  of  trade  and  other 
payables approximates to their fair value. 

Lease liabilities in respect of right of use assets are included within other payables. 

- 97 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Financial liabilities 

Group 
2019 
£000 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

BKR contingent consideration (note 27) 
BKR deferred consideration (note 27) 
BKR prepayment facility 

148,054 
7,405 
- 

227,386 
11,513 
15,896 

Split: 
Current 
Non-current 

155,459 

254,795 

45,351 
110,108 

90,307 
164,488 

155,459 

254,795 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

BKR consideration 

On 30 November 2018 Serica completed the four BKR acquisitions.  These comprised: 

•  36% in  Bruce,  34.83333% in  Keith  and  50% in  Rhum  plus  operatorship  of  each 
field from BP Exploration Operating Company Limited (“BP”). Initial consideration, 
paid  at  completion,  was  £12.8  million  with  contingent  payments  of  £16  million 
due in  relation  to the  outcome  of  future  work  on  the Rhum  R3 well  and  up  to  a 
total  £23.1 million  due in  relation  to  Rhum  field  performance  and  sales  prices in 
respect of 2019, 2020 and 2021. 

•  42.25%  in  Bruce  and  25%  in  Keith  from  Total  E&P  UK  Limited  (“Total  E&P”). 
Initial  consideration  was  US$5  million  with  three  further  instalments  of  deferred 
consideration  of US$5 million  each  due  on  31  July 2019, 31  March 2020  and 30 
November 2020. 

•  16% in Bruce and 31.83333% in Keith from BHP Billiton Petroleum Great Britain 

Limited (“BHP”). Initial consideration was £1 million. 

•  3.75% in Bruce and 8.33334% in Keith from Marubeni Oil and Gas (UK) Limited 
(“Marubeni”).  Initial  consideration  was  US$1  million  payable  to  Serica  with  no 
contingent or deferred consideration. 

In  addition  to  combined  initial,  deferred  and  contingent  considerations,  Serica  pays 
contingent cash consideration to BP, Total E&P and BHP calculated as a percentage (60% 
in  2018,  50%  in  2019  and  40%  in  each  of  2020  and  2021)  of  net  cash  flows  resulting 
from  the  respective  field  interests  acquired.  Serica  will  also  pay  deferred  contingent 
consideration equal  to  30%  of  their  respective  shares  of  future  decommissioning  costs, 
reduced  by  the  tax  relief  that  each  of  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  Billiton  receives  on  such 
costs. 

The  bulk  of  contingent  consideration  due  under  the  BKR  acquisition  agreements  is 
related to future successful field performance and consequently will be either reduced or 
deferred in the event of production interruptions or lower net cash generation. 

- 98 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Fair value measurement of BKR contingent consideration  

The  fair  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  is  estimated  as  at  applicable  reporting 
dates  from  a  valuation  technique  using  future  expected  discounted  cash  flows.  This 
methodology  uses  several  significant  unobservable  inputs  which  are  categorised  within 
Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. 

The  calculations  are  complex  as  they  are  structured  with  most  of  the  contingent 
consideration contingent upon future commodity price and economic environment as well 
as  future  asset  performance.  They  involve  a  range  of  projections  and  assumptions 
related to future operating and development costs, production volumes, oil and gas sales 
prices,  discount  rates,  estimates  of  future  decommissioning  expenditure  and  taxation. 
Estimated contingent consideration payments have been calculated at a discount rate of 
11%  (2018:  12%)  and  assumed  repayment  across  the  remaining  2020-2021  period 
(2018:  2019-2021  period)  of  the  Net  Cash  Flow  Sharing  Deed  and  other  operational 
timelines that trigger payment of consideration. 

Given the multiple input variables and judgements used in the calculations, and the inter 
relationships  between  changes in  these  variables,  an  estimate  of  a  reasonable  range  of 
possible  outcomes  of  undiscounted  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  is  not 
considered possible. In isolation, the calculations are most sensitive to assumed oil and 
gas  reserves  and  production  profiles  and  future  natural  gas  prices.  Changes  in  most  of 
the key assumptions noted above would also impact the fair value of assets/liabilities in 
addition to the contingent consideration.  

In calculating the fair value of contingent consideration on the BKR acquisitions payable 
as  at  31  December  2019,  assumptions  underlying  the  calculation  were  updated  from 
2018. These included updated commodity prices, production profiles, future opex, capex 
and  decommissioning  cost  estimates,  discount  rates,  proved  and  probable  reserves 
estimates and risk assessments. 

A sensitivity analysis to the gas prices used shows a decrease of 10% in the price used 
would  result  in  a  decrease  in  the  fair  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  by  £11.5 
million,  and  an  increase  of  10%  would  result  in  an  increase  in  the  fair  value  of  the 
contingent consideration by £11.6 million.  

A  sensitivity  analysis  to  the  discount  rate  used  shows  a  decrease  in  the  discount  rate 
used  from  11%  to  9%  would  result  in  an  increase  in  the  fair  value  of  the  contingent 
consideration  by  £9.9  million,  and  an  increase  from  11%  to  13%  would  result  in  a 
decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration by £8.4 million.  

2019  payments  and  income  statement  gain  of  £21.8  million  arising  on 
revaluation of BKR consideration 

Short  and  long-term  financial  liabilities  representing  estimated  BKR  consideration  as  at 
31 December 2018 totalled £238.9 million. During 2019, £61.7 million of BKR contingent 
and  deferred  consideration  was  paid  comprising  £4.1  million  of  deferred  consideration 
(paid to Total E&P) and £57.6 million of Net Cash Flow Sharing Deed payments (paid to 
BP, Total E&P and BHP).  

As  noted  above,  the  fair  value  of  this  financial  liability  was  re-assessed  for  the  2019 
financial  period  end,  with  the  final  estimate  of  short  and  long-term  liabilities  as  at  31 
December  2019  amounting  to  £155.5  million.  The  overall  liability  reduction  of  £83.5 
million  in  2019  comprised  cash  payments  of  £61.7  million  and  a  non-cash  revision  of 
£21.8 million recorded as a gain in the Income Statement.  

The  most  significant  factors  behind  the  downward  revision  released  to  the  Income 
Statement are lower realised gas pricing on amounts paid in respect of 2019 and lower 

- 99 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
short-term  gas  prices  now  used  in  the  forecast  of  2020  Net  Cash  Flow  payments  and 
other elements of contingent consideration. 

Reconciliation of movement in BKR consideration  

At 31 December 2018 *restated  

Payments made in year 

Revisions during the year 
Unwinding of discount 
Change in fair value liability 

At 31 December 2019 

Classified as: 
Current 
Non-current 

Total 
£000 

238,899 

(61,669) 

(43,824) 
22,053 
(21,771) 

155,459 

45,351 
110,108 

155,459 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

BKR prepayment facility 

Current liabilities of  £15.9 million as at 31 December 2018 represented amounts drawn 
under  the  prepayment  facility  made  between  Serica  and  BP  Gas  Marketing  Limited  and 
dated 21 November 2017. All amounts due under the facility were repaid during 2019. 

Under  this  facility,  BP  Gas  agreed  to  provide  for  drawings  to  cover  the  initial 
consideration  and  cost  of  premiums  payable  for  gas  price  puts  (hedging  instruments 
which  set  a  floor  price for  certain volumes  of  gas  production)  which  were  purchased  by 
Serica  in  conjunction  with  signing  the  acquisition  agreement.  The  prepayment  facility 
carried  interest  at  one-month  LIBOR  plus  4.5%  per  annum  compounded  monthly  and 
added  to  the  outstanding  amount  and  had  a  maximum  duration  of  three  years  from 
initial  drawings  on  21  November  2017.  Repayments  commenced  six  months  after 
completion  and  were  based  on  35%  of  Serica’s  retained  share  of  gas  sales  revenues 
from  the  BKR  Assets  including  any  price  related  hedging  gains  and  after  deduction  of 
those proportions due to BP under the Net Cash Flow Sharing Deed. 

- 100 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24.  Provisions 

At 1 January 2018 

*Translation effect 

Acquisitions (note 27) 
Revisions during the year 
Unwinding of discount (note 11) 

At 31 December 2018 

Revisions during the year 
Unwinding of discount (note 11) 

Erskine  Decommissioning 
provision 
£000 
*restated 

consideration 
£000 
*restated 

Total 
£000 
*restated 

1,994 

118 

- 
(264) 
- 

1,848 

- 
- 

- 

- 

1,994 

118 

22,615 
- 
32 

22,615 
(264) 
32 

22,647 

24,495 

(570) 
513 

(570) 
513 

At 31 December 2019 

1,848 

22,590 

24,438 

Classified as: 
Current 
Non-current 

1,848 
- 

1,848 

- 
22,590 

1,848 
22,590 

22,590 

24,438 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Decommissioning provision 
Bruce, Keith and Rhum fields 
The  Group  makes  full  provision  for  the  future  costs  of  decommissioning  its  production 
facilities and pipelines on a discounted basis. With respect to the Bruce, Keith and Rhum 
fields, the decommissioning provision is based on the Group’s contractual obligations of 
3.75%, 8.33334% and 0% respectively of the decommissioning liabilities rather than the 
Group’s equity interests acquired. The Group’s provision represents the present value of 
decommissioning  costs  which  are  expected  to  be  incurred  up  to  2032  and  assumes  no 
further  development  of  the  Group’s  assets.  The  liability  is  discounted  at  a  rate  of  2% 
(2018:  2%)  and  the  unwinding  of  the  discount  is  classified  as  a  finance  cost  (see  note 
11). 

Erskine field 
No  provision  for  decommissioning  liabilities  for  the  Erskine  field  is  recorded  as  at  31 
December  2018  or  2019  as  the  Group’s  current  estimate  for  such  costs  is  under  the 
agreed  capped  level  to  be  funded  by  BP.  This has  been fixed  at  a  gross  £174.0  million 
(£31.32 million net to Serica) with this figure adjusted for inflation.  

Erskine consideration payments 
Under  the  terms  of  the  Erskine  acquisition,  certain  contingent  payments  may  be  made 
by Serica related to savings in field operating costs. The current estimated provision for 
these  amounts  is  £1.8  million  which  has  been  capitalised  as  an  oil  and  gas  asset  cost 
(see note 16). Uncertainties currently exist as to the quantification of any final payment 
but it is expected to be settled in 2020. 

Company 
The Company has no provisions. 

- 101 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25.  Financial Instruments 

The  Group’s  financial  instruments  comprise  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  bank  loans  and 
borrowings,  accounts  payable  and  accounts  receivable,  derivative financial instruments, 
deferred consideration and contingent consideration It is management’s opinion that the 
Group  is  not  exposed  to  significant  interest,  credit  or  currency  risks  arising  from  its 
financial instruments other than as discussed below: 

Serica  has  exposure  to  interest  rate  fluctuations  on  its  cash  deposits  and,  during 
2018  and  2019, the  BKR  facility;  given  the level  of  expenditure  plans  over  2020/21 
this is  managed in  the  short-term  through  selecting  treasury  deposit  periods of  one 
to three months. Cash and treasury credit risks are mitigated through spreading the 
placement  of  funds  over  a  range  of  institutions  each  carrying  acceptable  published 
credit ratings to minimise concentration and counterparty risk. 

Serica sells oil, gas and related products only to recognised international oil and gas 
companies  and  has  no  previous  history  of  default  or  non-payment  of  trade 
receivables.  Where  Serica  operates  joint  ventures  on  behalf  of  partners  it  seeks  to 
recover  the  appropriate  share  of  costs  from  these  third  parties.  The  majority  of 
partners in these ventures are well established oil and gas companies. In the event of 
non-payment,  operating  agreements  typically  provide  recourse  through  increased 
venture shares.  

Serica retains certain non-£ cash holdings and other financial instruments relating to 
its  operations.  The  £  reporting  currency  value  of  these  may  fluctuate  from  time  to 
time  causing  reported  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses.  Serica  maintains  a  broad 
strategy  of  matching  the  currency  of  funds  held  on  deposit  with  the  expected 
expenditures  in  those  currencies.  Management  believes  that  this  mitigates  most  of 
any actual potential currency risk from financial instruments. 

It is management’s opinion that the fair value of its financial instruments approximate to 
their carrying values, unless otherwise noted. 

Interest Rate Risk Profile of Financial Assets and Liabilities 
The interest rate profile of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group as at 31 December is 
as follows: 

Group 
Year ended 31 December 2019 

Fixed rate 
Short-term deposits 

Within 1 year  1-2 years   2-5 years 
£000 
- 

£000 
59,241 

£000 
- 

Floating rate 
Cash 

Within 1 year  1-2 years 
£000 
- 

£000 
42,584 

2-5 years 
£000 
- 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

Fixed rate 

Short-term deposits 
Term deposits 

Within 1 year  1-2 years   2-5 years 

£000 
*restated 

13,731 
1,000 

£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 102 - 

Total 
£000 
59,241 
59,241 

Total 
£000 
42,584 
42,584 

Total 

£000 

*restated 
13,731 
1,000 
14,731 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Floating rate 
Cash 
BKR facility 

Within 1 year  1-2 years 
£000 
- 
- 

£000 
28,442 
(15,896) 

2-5 years 
£000 
- 
- 

Total 
£000 
28,442 
(15,896) 

12,546 

The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of finance revenue and finance costs to 
a reasonably possible change in interest rates, with all other variables held constant, of 
the Group’s profit before tax (through the impact on fixed rate short-term deposits and 
applicable bank loans).  

Increase/decrease in interest rate 

+0.75% 
-0.75% 

Effect on profit  Effect on profit 
before tax 
2018 
£000 
*restated 

before tax 
2019 
£000 

524 
(524) 

127 
(127) 

The  other  financial  instruments  of  the  Group  that  are  not  included  in  the  above  tables 
are non-interest bearing and are therefore not subject to interest rate risk. 

The interest rate profile of the financial assets and liabilities of the Company as at 31 
December is as follows: 

Company 
Year ended 31 December 2019 

Fixed rate 
Short-term deposits 

Within 1 year 
£000 
6,067 

1-2 years   2-5 years 
£000 
- 

£000 
- 

Floating rate 
Cash 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

Fixed rate 

Short-term deposits 
Term deposits 

Floating rate 
Cash 

Within 1 year 
£000 
5,281 

1-2 years 
£000 
- 

2-5 years 
£000 
- 

Within 1 year 
£000 
*restated 

1-2 years   2-5 years 
£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

13,338 
1,000 

- 
- 

- 
- 

Within 1 year 
£000 
6,372 

1-2 years 
£000 
- 

2-5 years 
£000 
- 

Total 
£000 
6,067 
6,067 

Total 
£000 
5,281 

Total 
£000 
*restated 

13,338 
1,000 
14,338 

Total 
£000 
6,372 

- 103 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit risk 

The  Group’s  and  Company’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  relating  to  financial  assets  arises 
from the default of a counterparty with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying value 
as  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  Cash  and  treasury  credit  risks  are  mitigated  through 
spreading  the  placement  of  funds  over  a  range  of  institutions  each  carrying  acceptable 
published credit ratings to minimise counterparty risk.  

In  addition,  there  are  credit  risks  of  commercial  counterparties  including  exposures  in 
respect of outstanding receivables. The Group’s oil and gas sales are all contracted with 
well-established  oil  and  gas  or  energy  companies.  Also,  where  Serica  operates  joint 
ventures on behalf of partners it seeks to recover the appropriate share of costs from the 
third-party  counterparties.  The  majority  of  partners  in  these  ventures  are  well 
established oil and gas companies. In the  event of non-payment, operating agreements 
typically  provide  recourse  through  increased  venture  shares.  Receivable  balances  are 
monitored on an ongoing basis with appropriate follow-up action taken where necessary. 

Foreign currency risk 

The  Group  enters  into  transactions  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  its  GBP£ 
reporting  currency.  Non-GBP  denominated  balances,  subject  to  exchange  rate 
fluctuations, at year-end were as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents: 

US Dollar 
Norwegian kroner 
Euros 

Accounts receivable: 
US Dollar 

Trade and other payables: 
US Dollar 

Group 
2019 
£000 

30,395 
6 
172 

  Company 
2019 
£000 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

8,383 
6 
27 

7,783 
- 
- 

2018 
£000 
*restated 

5,996 
- 
- 

7,397 

13,368 

10 

273 

2,584 

3,297 

- 

35 

The following table demonstrates the Group’s sensitivity to a 10% increase or decrease 
in the US Dollar against the Pound sterling. The sensitivity analysis includes only foreign 
currency denominated monetary items and adjusts their translation at the year-end for a 
10% change in the foreign currency rate.  

Increase/decrease in foreign exchange rate 

10% strengthening of £ against US$  
10% weakening of £ against US$  

Effect on profit 
before tax 
2019 
£000 

Effect on profit 
before tax 
2018 
£000 
*restated 

(3,521) 
3,521 

(1,845) 
1,845 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 104 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity risk 

The  table  below  summarises  the  maturity  profile  of  the  Group  and  Company’s  financial 
liabilities at 31 December 2019 based on contractual undiscounted payments. The Group 
monitors  its  risk  to  a  potential  shortage  of  funds  by  monitoring  the  maturity  dates  of 
existing debt. 

Group 
Year ended 31 December 2019  Within 
1 year 
£000 

1 to 2 
years 
£000 

2 to 5 
years 
£000 

>5 
years 
£000 

Total 
£000 

Trade and other payables 
BKR deferred consideration 

24,600 
7,405 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

24,600 
7,405 

Year ended 31 December 2018  Within 
1 year 
£000 
*restated 
38,615 
3,850 
15,896 

Trade and other payables 
BKR deferred consideration 
BKR facility 

2 to 5 
years 
£000 

1 to 2 
years 
£000 

>5 
years 
£000 
*restated  *restated  *restated 
- 
- 
- 

- 
7,663 
- 

- 
- 
- 

Total 
£000 
*restated 
38,615 
11,513 
15,896 

Amounts payable as BKR contingent consideration are explained in detail in note 23. The 
bulk of contingent consideration due under the BKR acquisition agreements is related to 
future successful field performance and either paid out as a proportion of cash inflows or 
dependent  on  successful  performance,  with 
impacted  downwards 
accordingly. 

liquidity  risk 

Company 
Year ended 31 December 2019  Within 
 1 year 
£000 

1 to 2 years 
£000 

2 to 5 years 
£000 

Total 
£000 

Trade and other payables 

1,738 

- 

- 

1,738 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

Trade and other payables 

Within  
1 Year 
£000 
*restated 
3,219 

1 to 2 years 
£000 

2 to 5 years 
£000 

- 

- 

Total 
£000 
*restated 
3,219 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

Commodity price risk 

The Group is exposed  to  commodity  price  risk.  Where  and  when  appropriate  the  Group 
will put in place suitable hedging arrangements to mitigate the risk of a fall in commodity 
prices.  All  gas  production  is  sold  at  prices  linked  to  the  spot  market.  The  significant 
majority of oil and NGL production was sold at prices linked to the spot market. 

At  31  December  2019  Serica  held  gas  price  puts  covering  volumes  of  160,000  therms 
per  day  for  1H  2020  at  a  floor  price  of  35  pence  per  therm  with  no  upside  price 
restrictions.  Serica  also held  gas  price swaps  at  fixed  prices  of; 46.55  pence per  therm 
covering 160,000 therms per day for Q1 2020, 40.75 pence per therm covering 160,000 

- 105 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
therms per day for Q2 2020, 37.6 pence per therm covering 80,000 therms per day for 
Q3 2020 and 45.41 pence per therm covering 80,000 therms per day for Q4 2020. 

In  January  2020,  Serica  obtained  additional  gas  price  swaps  covering  120,000  therms 
per  day  for  Q1  2021  at  an  average  of  45.95  pence  per  therm.  In  March  2020,  further 
swaps of 80,000 therms per day for November 2020 at 32.55 pence per therm, 100,000 
therms  per  day  for  December  2020  at  35.55  pence  per  therm  and  65,000  therms  per 
day for Q1 2021 at 36.20 pence per therm were obtained. 

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities 

Management  assessed  that  the  fair  values  of  cash  and  short-term  deposits,  trade 
receivables,  trade  payables  and  other  current  liabilities  approximate  their  carrying 
amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. As such the fair 
value hierarchy is not provided. 

Capital management 

The  primary  objective  of  the  Group’s  capital  management  is  to  maintain  appropriate 
levels  of  funding  to  meet  the  commitments  of  its  forward  programme  of  exploration, 
production  and  development  expenditure,  and  to  safeguard  the  entity’s  ability  to 
continue as a going concern and create shareholder value. At 31 December 2019, capital 
employed  of  the  Group  amounted  to  £198.0  million  (comprised  of  £198.0  million  of 
equity  shareholders’  funds  and  £nil  of  borrowings),  compared  to  £147.7  million  at  31 
December  2018  (comprised  of  £131.8  million  of  equity  shareholders’  funds  and  £15.9 
million of borrowings).  

At  31  December  2019,  capital  employed  of  the  Company  amounted  to  £208.6 
(comprised  of  £208.6  million  of  equity  shareholders’  funds  and  £nil  of  borrowings), 
compared to £209.0 million at 31 December 2018 (comprised of £209.0 million of equity 
shareholders’ funds and £nil of borrowings). 

- 106 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26.  Equity Share Capital 

The  concept  of  authorised  share  capital  was  abolished  under  the  Companies  Act  2006 
and  shareholders  approved  the  adoption  of  new  Articles  of  Association  at  the  2010 
Annual General Meeting which do not contain any reference to authorised share capital. 

As at 31 December 2019, the share capital of the Company comprised one “A” share of 
GB£50,000  and  267,230,216  ordinary  shares  of  US$0.10  each.  The  “A”  share  has  no 
special rights.  

The balance classified as total share capital includes the total net proceeds (both nominal 
value  and  share  premium)  on  issue  of  the  Group  and  Company’s  equity  share  capital, 
comprising US$0.10 ordinary shares and one ‘A’ share.  

Allotted, issued and fully paid: 

Group 

Number 

Share 

Share   
Total 
capital  premium  Share capital 
£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

As at 1 January 2018 

263,679,040 

19,613  150,371 

169,984 

*Translation effect 
Shares issued 

1,078,780 

1,168 
81 

8,934 
127 

10,102 
208 

As at 1 January 2019  

264,757,820 

20,862  159,432 

180,294 

Shares issued  

2,472,397 

200 

891 

1,091 

As at 31 December 2019 

267,230,217 

21,062  160,323 

181,385 

Allotted, issued and fully paid: 

Company 

Number 

Share  

Share 
Total 
capital  premium  Share capital  
£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

£000 
*restated 

As at 1 January 2018 

263,679,040 

19,613  124,224 

143,837 

*Translation effect 
Shares issued 

1,078,780 

1,168 
81 

7,382 
127 

8,550 
208 

As at 1 January 2019 

264,757,820 

20,862  131,733 

152,595 

Shares issued  

2,472,397 

200 

891 

1,091 

As at 31 December 2019 

267,230,217 

21,062  132,624 

153,686 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

2,048,500  ordinary  shares  were  issued  across  2019  used  to  satisfy  awards  under  the 
Company’s  share-based  incentive  schemes  and  423,897  ordinary  shares  issued  under 
the Share Incentive Plan. 201,506 ordinary shares have been issued in 2020 to date and 
as  at  21  April  2020  the  issued  voting  share  capital  of  the  Company  was  267,431,722 
ordinary shares and one “A” share. 

- 107 - 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.  Business Combination 

Acquisition of Bruce, Keith and Rhum interests 

On 30 November 2018 Serica completed a transaction to acquire various interests in the 
Bruce, Keith and Rhum fields in the UK North Sea from BP and three further transactions 
with Total E&P, BHP and Marubeni to acquire their respective interests in the Bruce and 
Keith fields.  

Completion of these four transactions means Serica now has a 50% interest in the Rhum 
field, a 98% interest in the Bruce field and a 100% interest in the Keith field.  

The combination of transactions was an acquisition of interests in a joint operation under 
IFRS  11  and,  as  the  activity  constituted  a  business  as  defined  in  IFRS  3  Business 
Combinations,  the  acquisitions  were  accounted  for  as  a  business  combination.  The 
consolidated  financial  statements  for  2018  included  the  fair  values  of  the  identifiable 
assets  and  liabilities  as  at  the  date  of  acquisition,  and  the  results  of  the  combined 
transaction assets for the one-month period from the acquisition date. 

Assets 

Property, plant and equipment (note 16) 
VAT recoverable and other assets  
Underlift 
Inventory 

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Deferred tax liability (note 12d) 
Provisions (note 24) 

Fair value 

Final 
provisionally  assessment 

Fair value 
recognised 
and other  on acquisition  

recognised on 
acquisition 
£000 
*restated   
326,342 
397 
3,995 
5,212 
335,946 

revision 
£000 

- 
- 
- 
(1,268) 
(1,268) 

(14,672) 
(45,109) 
(22,615) 
(82,396) 

3,379 
(10,770) 
- 
(7,391) 

£000 

326,342 
397 
3,995 
3,944 
334,678 

(11,293) 
(55,879) 
(22,615) 
(89,787) 

Total identifiable net assets at fair value 

253,550 

(8,659) 

244,891 

Bargain purchase gain arising on  
acquisitions 

41,474 

(7,801) 

33,673 

Initial consideration received/receivable 
Deferred consideration payable (note 23) 
Contingent consideration payable (note 23) 
Purchase consideration 

26,823 
(11,513) 
(227,386) 
(212,076) 

858 
- 
- 
858 

27,681 
(11,513) 
(227,386) 
(211,218) 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

The excess of fair value  of the net assets acquired over the purchase consideration has 
been recognised as a bargain purchase gain in the income statement.  

- 108 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of consideration 

The 2018 bargain purchase gain of £33.7 million represented the difference between fair 
valuations  of  the  BKR  assets  acquired  and  consideration  paid  or  potentially  payable 
calculated  in  accordance  with  applicable  accounting  standards.  In  accordance  with 
accounting  standards,  the  fair  value  was  provisionally  determined  at  year  end  2018. 
Adjustments  to  the  provisional  fair  value  assessments  have  been  identified  during  the 
current period. The net impact of the adjustments to the acquisition date balance sheet 
is  a  reduction  in  the  bargain  purchase  gain  of  £7.8  million.  This  comprises  revisions  to 
the  estimations  of  the  consideration  payable  and  of  the  acquisition  date  fair  value  of 
inventory and trade and other payables that were identified within twelve months of the 
completion  of  the  acquisitions  and  are  therefore  recognised  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3. 
This  also  comprises  a  £10.8  million  adjustment  to  the  estimation  of  the  deferred  tax 
liabilities arising at the acquisition date. This adjustment was identified more than twelve 
months  after  the  completion  of  the  acquisition  and  therefore,  it is not  accounted  for  as 
revision  of  the  provisional  fair  values  under  IFRS  3.  As  the  item  is  though  quantitively 
material to the 2019 financial statements,  it has been accounted for in accordance with 
the requirements of IAS 8. As a result, the revision is still reflected as a restatement of 
the acquisition date balance sheet with a resulting impact on the bargain purchase gain 
in the 2018 income statement.  

The  bargain  purchase  gain,  representing  the  excess  of  fair  value  of  the  net  assets 
acquired over the purchase consideration, arose primarily due to the strategic decisions 
of  the  sellers to  exit  these  assets  due to  a  variety  of  factors  including  operational  risks 
and  relatively  low  materiality  for  the  sellers.  These  later  life  assets  have  significant 
remaining  resources  and  Serica  has  the  ability  to  both  maximise  the  value  from  these 
assets  and  share  the  value  with  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  Billiton.  Furthermore,  the 
majority  of  the  consideration  payable  is  contingent  upon  future  events  and  is  also 
subject  to  the  impact  of  discounting.  The  BKR  asset  acquisitions  consisted  of  four 
separate  transactions  with  the  four  different  counterparties  who  reported  historical 
financial  information  under  differing  financial  reporting  requirements.  Management 
considered that it was impractical to assess the income statement disclosure impacts in 
respect  of  the  combined  single  entity  for  the  2018  reporting  period  as  though  the 
acquisitions had completed on 1 January 2018.  

Cash (outflow)/inflow from business combination in cash flow statement 

The cash outflow of £57.3 million arising in 2019 (2018: cash inflow of £22.2 million of 
initial  consideration)  for  the  BKR  acquisition  comprises  payments  of  £57.6  million  of 
contingent consideration paid, £4.1 million of deferred consideration paid partially offset 
by £4.4 million of initial consideration received.  

BKR acquisitions and other transition related costs 

Significant  transition  costs  of  £8.8  million  and  transaction  costs  of  £2.1  million  were 
expensed in 2018 on various elements of the four BKR acquisitions which completed on 
30  November  2018.  These  were  largely  incurred  on  the  significant  transition  work 
streams  associated  with  the  preparations  for  the  transfer  of  operatorship  of  the  BKR 
Assets (US$5.0 million), related IT costs (US$4.0 million), the transfer of documentation 
and  contracts,  and  general  preparation  covering  all  associated  processes.  Other  costs 
included  corporate  items  incurred  on  the  negotiation  and  documentation  of  the 
transactions and on the AIM Re-admission Document published in November 2018.  

- 109 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28.  Additional Cash Flow Information 

Analysis of Group net cash 
Year ended 31 December 2019 

1 January 

2019  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 

31 
December 
2019 
£000 

Cash 
Short-term deposits 

28,371 
13,732 

14,424 
45,936 

(211) 
(427) 

42,584 
59,241 

42,103 

60,360 

(638) 

101,825 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

1 January 

2018  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 
*restated 

        *restated    

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 
*restated 

31 
December 
2018 
£000 
*restated 

Cash 
Short-term deposits 

6,226 
14,735 

22,043 
(1,151) 

103 
147 

28,372 
13,731 

20,961 

20,892 

250 

42,103 

Analysis of Company net cash 
Year ended 31 December 2019 

1 January 

2019  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 

31  
December 
2019 
£000 

Cash 
Short-term deposits 

6,372 
13,338 

(1,142) 
(7,369) 

51 
98 

5,281 
     6,067 

19,710 

(8,511) 

     149 

11,348 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

1 January 

2018  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 
*restated 
*restated 

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 
*restated 

31  
December 
2018 
£000 
*restated 

Cash 
Short-term deposits 

3,472   

10,399 

2,868         
2,870 

32 
69 

6,372           

     13,338 

13,871 

5,738 

101      

19,710      

- 110 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Group liabilities arising from financing activities 
 Year ended 31 December 2019 

1 January 

2019  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 

31 
December 
2019 
£000 

BKR facility 

15,896 

(16,539) 

643 

- 

Cash outflows in 2019 comprised £15,673,000 of borrowing repayments and £866,000 
of finance costs paid. 

Year ended 31 December 2018 

1 January 

2018  Cash flow 
£000 
£000 

Non-cash 
movements 
£000 

31 
December 
2018 
£000 

BKR facility 

2,892 

12,800 

204 

15,896 

*restated from US$ to £ following change of functional and presentational currency – see note 3 

- 111 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29.  Share-Based Payments 

Share Option Plans 

The  Company  operates  three  discretionary  incentive  share  option  plans:  the  Serica 
Energy  Plc  Long  Term  Incentive  Plan  (the  "LTIP"),  which  was  adopted  by  the  Board  on 
20  November  2017  which  permits  the  grant  of  share-based  awards,  the  2017  Serica 
Energy plc Company Share Option Plan (“2017 CSOP”), which was adopted by the Board 
on  20  November  2017,  and  the  Serica  2005  Option  Plan,  which  was  adopted  by  the 
Board  on  14  November  2005.  Awards  can  no  longer  be  made  under  the  Serica  2005 
Option  Plan.  However,  options  remain  outstanding  under  the  Serica  2005  Option  Plan. 
The LTIP and the 2017 CSOP together are known as the "Discretionary Plans". 

The  Discretionary  Plans  will  govern  all  future  grants  of  options  by  the  Company  to 
Directors,  officers,  key  employees  and  certain  consultants  of  the  Group.  The  Directors 
intend that the maximum number of ordinary shares which may be utilised pursuant to 
the  Discretionary  Plans  will  not  exceed  10%  of  the  issued  ordinary  shares  of  the 
Company  from  time  to  time  in  line  with  the  recommendations  of  the  Association  of 
British Insurers.  

The  objective  of  these  plans  is  to  develop  the  interest  of  Directors,  officers,  key 
employees  and  certain  consultants  of  the  Group  in  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
Group by providing them with the opportunity to acquire an interest in the Company and 
to assist the Company in retaining and attracting executives with experience and ability. 

Serica 2005 Option Plan 
As at 31 December 2019, 4,578,050 options granted by the Company under the Serica 
2005  Option  Plan  were  outstanding.  All  options  awarded  under  the  Serica  2005  Option 
Plan since November 2009 have a three-year vesting period. When awarding options to 
directors,  the  Remuneration  Committee  are  required  to  set  Performance  Conditions  in 
addition  to  the  vesting  provisions  before  vesting  can  take  place.  Of  the  above  options, 
2,500,000  of  these  options  were  granted  to  Mr  Craven  Walker in  July  2015  at  exercise 
prices  higher  than  the  market  price  at  the  time  of  the  grant  to  establish  firm 
performance targets.  

No options were granted in 2018 or 2019 under the Serica 2005 Option Plan.  

The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices (WAEP) 
of, and movements in, share options during the year: 

Serica 2005 option plan 

Outstanding as at 1 January 
Exercised during the year 
Expired during the year 

2019 
Number 

6,465,550 
(1,887,500) 
- 

2019 
WAEP 

£ 
0.25 
0.48 
- 

2018 
Number 

8,196,330 
(1,078,780) 
(652,000) 

2018 
WAEP  
£ 
0.25 
0.24 
0.40 

Outstanding as at 31 December 

4,578,050 

0.11 

6,465,550 

0.25 

Exercisable as at 31 December 

4,578,050 

0.11 

6,465,550 

0.25 

The  weighted  average  remaining  contractual  life  of  options  outstanding  as  at  31 
December 2019 is 5.0 years (2018: 4.9 years). 

For  the  Serica  2005  option  plan,  the  exercise  price for  outstanding  options  at the  2019 
year-end ranges from £0.07 to GB£0.31 (2018: £0.07 to £0.68). 

- 112 - 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  at  31  December  2019,  the  following  director  and  employee  share  options  were 
outstanding:  

Expiry Date  

Amount 

April 2021 
January 2022 
January 2023 
January 2024 
June 2025 
July 2025 
July 2025 
July 2025 
Total 

50,000 
428,050 
200,000 
300,000 
1,100,000 
1,000,000 
1,000,000 
500,000 
4,578,050 

Exercise cost 
GB£ 
15,685 
91,496 
54,500 
39,000 
72,600 
120,000 
180,000 
120,000 

Long Term Incentive Plan 
The  following  awards  granted  to  certain  Directors  and  employees  under  the  LTIP 
(deemed  to  be  granted  in  November  2017  under  IFRS  2)  are  outstanding  as  at  31 
December 2019. 

Director/Employees 

Antony Craven Walker 
Mitch Flegg 
Employees below Board level (in aggregate) 

Total number of shares 
granted subject to 
Deferred Bonus Share 
Awards 

225,000 
225,000 
414,000 
864,000 

Deferred Bonus Share Awards involve the deferral of bonuses into awards over shares in 
the Company. They are structured as nil-cost options and may be exercised up until the 
fifth anniversary of the  date of grant. Vesting of the Deferred Bonus Share Awards was 
the later  of the  date  of  completion  of the  BKR  Acquisition  and 31  January  2019  and  all 
awards  have  therefore  now  vested.  They  were  not  subject  to  performance  conditions; 
however,  they  were  conditional  on  completion  of  the  BKR  Acquisition,  subject  to  the 
Board determining otherwise. 

Director/Employees 

Antony Craven Walker 
Mitch Flegg 
Employees below Board level (in aggregate) 

Total number of shares 
granted subject to 
Performance Share 
Awards 

1,500,000 
1,500,000 
2,250,000 
5,250,000 

Performance  Share  Awards  have  a  three-year  vesting  period  and  are  subject  to 
performance conditions based on average share price growth targets to be measured by 
reference to dealing days in the period of 90 days ending immediately prior to expiry of 
a  three-year  performance  starting  on  the  date  of  grant  of  a  Performance  Share  Award. 
Performance  Share  Awards  are  structured  as  nil-cost  options  and  may  be  exercised  up 
until the tenth anniversary of the date of grant. They  were not subject to completion of 
the BKR Acquisition and are not exercisable as at 31 December 2019. 

- 113 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LTIP awards in 2019 

In  Q1  2019,  the  Company  granted  nil-cost  Performance  Share  Awards  over  3,735,640 
ordinary  shares  and  nil-cost  Retention  Share  Awards  over  242,539  ordinary  shares,  a 
combined  total  of  3,978,179  ordinary  shares  under  the  LTIP.  The  award  was  made  to 
members  of  the  Group’s  executive  team,  senior  management  and  employees.  The 
awards  included  a  total  of  822,154  ordinary  shares  for  the  executive  directors  and 
persons discharging managerial responsibilities as follows: 

Director/PDMR 

Antony Craven Walker 
Mitch Flegg 

Total number of shares 
granted subject to 
Performance Share 
Awards 

411,067 
411,067 
822,134 

These awards are subject to vesting criteria based on absolute share price performance 
over a three-year period and are not exercisable as at 31 December 2019. 

Share-based compensation 
The  Company  calculates  the  value  of  share-based  compensation  using  a  Black-Scholes 
option  pricing  model  (or  other  appropriate  model  for  those  options  subject  to  certain 
market conditions) to estimate the fair value of share options at the date of grant. There 
are  no  cash  settlement  alternatives. The  estimated fair value  of  options is  amortised  to 
expense over the options' vesting period.  

£1,094,000 has been charged to the income statement for the year ended 31 December 
2019  (2018:  £367,000)  and  a  similar  amount  credited  to  the  share-based  payments 
reserve, classified as ‘Other reserve’ in the Balance Sheet. A charge of £242,000 (2018: 
£175,000)  of the  total  charge  was in  respect  of key  management  personnel (defined in 
note 10).  

30.  Leases 

In March 2019 the Group entered into a three-year lease at its new registered office, 48 
George  Street,  following  the  expiry  of  its  previous  London  office  lease  at  52  George 
Street, which had been recognised as an operating lease.  

Following the adoption of IFRS 16  – Leases on 1 January 2019, the Group recognised a 
right-of use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. 

The  lease  liability  is  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  that 
are  not  paid  at  the  commencement  date,  discounted  by  using  the  rate  implicit  in  the 
lease,  or,  if  that  rate  cannot  be  readily  determined,  the  Group  uses  its  incremental 
borrowing rate.  

The  right-of-use  asset  is  measured  at  cost,  which  comprises  the  initial  amount  of  the 
lease  liability  adjusted  for  any  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement 
date.  Right-of-use  assets  are  depreciated  over  the  shorter  period  of  lease  term  and 
useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of 
the lease.  

The Group had no right-of use assets as at 31 December 2018. Initial right-of-use assets 
and  lease  liabilities  of  £516,000  were  recognised  by  the  Group  during  2019  within 
property, plant and equipment and other liabilities respectively. A depreciation charge of 
£129,000  was  expensed  within  administrative  expenses.  £178,000  of  cash  payments 

- 114 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
made  against  the  lease  liability  during  2019  are  reflected  in  the  2019  Group  cash  flow 
statement as a cash outflow on property, plant and equipment.  

An  operating lease is  a lease  other  than  a finance lease.  Operating lease  payments  are 
recognised  as  an  operating  expense  in  the  income  statement  on  a  straight-line  basis 
over the lease term. 

31.  Capital Commitments and Contingencies 

At  31  December  2019,  other  amounts  contracted  for  but  not  provided  in  the  financial 
statements  for  the  acquisition  of  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  and  oil  and  gas 
properties amounted to £nil for the Group and £nil for the Company (2018: £nil and £nil 
respectively).  

The  Company  also  has  obligations  to  carry  out  defined  work  programmes  on its  oil  and 
gas properties, under the terms of the award of rights to these properties. The Company 
is not obliged to meet other joint venture partner shares of these programmes. 

BKR commitments 

There are no significant current capital commitments on the BKR producing fields though 
plans  to  carry  out  work  on  the  Rhum  R3  well  are  in  hand  with  work  expected  to  be 
carried out in 2020. Net revenues from Serica’s share of income from the fields, after net 
cash  flow  sharing  payments,  are  expected  to  cover  Serica’s  retained  share  of  ongoing 
field  expenditures  and  deferred  or  contingent  consideration  due  under  the  respective 
acquisition agreements.  These include £16 million due to BP upon a successful outcome 
from  the  Rhum R3  workover,  US$5  million  due  to  Total E&P  on  31  March  2020  and  30 
November 2020 and amounts of up to £7.7 million due to BP in respect of each or 2020 
and  2021  dependent  upon  achievement  of  certain  Rhum  field  production  and  gas  price 
levels.  Further  deferred  contingent  consideration  amounts  will  fall  due  to  each  of  BP, 
Total  E&P  and  BHP  representing  30%  of  their  retained  share  of  the  actual  costs  of 
decommissioning  the  BKR  field  facilities  in  existence  at  completion  net  of  tax  relief.  In 
April  2019,  Serica  posted  cash  collateral  of  approximately  £12.1  million  under  BKR 
decommissioning  security  arrangements  in  support  to  the  issue  of  letters  of  credit 
required.  This  secured  amount is  within  the  Group’s  cash  balances  of  £101.8 million  as 
at 31 December 2019. The funds are freely transferable  but alternative collateral would 
need to be put in place to replace the cash security. 

Erskine commitments 
As at 31 December 2018, the cash balance of £43.1 million contained an amount of £3.0 
million  that  was  secured  against  a  bank  guarantee  given  in  respect  of  operational  and 
capital  expenditure  to  be  carried  out  during  2019  on  the  Erskine  field  in  the  UK.  This 
security was no longer required during the course of 2019 and no Erskine guarantee now 
exists.  

Other commitments 
The Group has no significant exploration commitments apart from the well on North Eigg 
prospect to be drilled within three years of the November 2019 licence award. Other less 
material minimum obligations include G&G, seismic work and ongoing licence fees in the 
UK. 

Other 
The Group occasionally has to provide security for a proportion of its future obligations to 
defined work programmes or other commitments.  

Where  the  Company  enters  into  financial  guarantee  contracts  and  guarantees  the 
indebtedness  of  other  companies  within  the  Group,  the  Company  considers  these  to  be 
insurance  arrangements,  and  accounts  for  them  as  such.  In  this  respect,  the  Company 

- 115 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
treats  the  guarantee  contract  as  a  contingent  liability  until  such  time  that  it  becomes 
probable that the Company will be required to make a payment under the guarantee.  

- 116 - 

 
 
 
32.  Related Party Transactions and Transactions with Directors 

There  are  no  related  party  transactions,  or  transactions  with  Directors  that  require 
disclosure except for the remuneration items disclosed in the Directors Report and note 
9  above.  The  disclosures  in  note  9  include  the  compensation  of  key  management 
personnel. 

The  Company’s  related  parties  consist  of  its  subsidiaries  and  the  transactions  and 
amounts due to/due from them are disclosed in the accompanying notes to the Company 
financial statements. 

33.  Post Balance Sheet Events 

Bruce Platform Caisson 

On  30  January  2020  Serica  announced  that  during  a  Bruce  platform  inspection,  the 
condition  of  an  unused  seawater  return  caisson  on  the  platform  was  observed  to  have 
deteriorated. This caisson had been taken out of service in 2009.  Production through the 
Bruce facility, comprising the Bruce Keith and Rhum fields, was halted while the problem 
was fully investigated.   

A  subsequent  underwater  inspection  determined  that  the  unused  caisson  had  parted 
below  the  water  line  leaving  both  the  upper  and  lower  sections  of  the  caisson  intact. 
Engineering  work  to  ensure  that  the  caisson  was  properly  secured  was  carried  out  and 
after  a  shut-in  of  approximately  six  weeks,  production  from  the  three  fields  was 
restarted. 

The financial impact has been mitigated by the net cash flow sharing arrangements put 
in  place  with  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  respectively  in  conjunction  with  the  BKR 
acquisitions.  

COVID-19 

Since 31 December 2019 the building COVID-19 crisis has caused increasing restrictions 
of  all  forms  of  travel  and  many  normal  business  and  commercial  activities  both  in  the 
UK, Serica’s main arena of operations, and globally. This has impacted markets generally 
with oil and gas commodity markets particularly disrupted. In addition, an international 
dispute  between  OPEC+  countries  in  early  March  2020  triggered  a  price  war.  The 
resultant  over-supply  of  oil  and  gas  to  global  markets,  coupled  with  the fall in  demand 
due to the outbreak of Covid-19, has significantly reduced the price at which Serica has 
been selling its oil and gas production since early March though partially mitigated by the 
Company’s  gas  price  puts  and  swaps.  The  spread  of  the  virus  could  also  disrupt  the 
Company’s operations either directly or through its supply chain, product offtake routes 
or other dependencies. The impact to Serica is mitigated by the workings of the net cash 
flow  sharing  agreements  put  in  place  with  BP,  Total  E&P  and  BHP  respectively  in 
conjunction with the BKR acquisitions. 

In  addition  to  its  price  hedging  cover  and  net  cash  flow  sharing  arrangements,  Serica 
entered  this  period  with  strong  cash  balances,  no  debt,  limited  fixed  liabilities  and 
relatively  low  operating  costs  per  boe.  In  management’s  opinion  this  leaves  the 
Company  well  placed  to  withstand the actual  and  potential impacts  of  the  current  crisis 
and continue to seek opportunities to further build its business. 

Serica  has  put in  place measures  to  protect its  personnel including  working  from  home 
for  onshore  staff  and  safe  travel  and  social  distancing  procedures  for  offshore  staff 
working on the Bruce platform. 

COVID-19  and  the  impact  of  the  OPEC+  dispute  on  commodity  prices,  have  been 
determined  as  a  non-adjusting  balance  sheet  events.  However  the  significant estimates 
and judgements that will be made in preparing future financial statements may also be 
impacted  if  the  current  macro-economic  uncertainty  continues  and  estimates  of  long-

- 117 - 

 
 
 
 
 
 
term  commodity  prices  decrease.  In  particular,  we  expect  the  following  would  be 
impacted:  the  estimated  amounts  of  BKR  contingent  consideration  payable,  which 
include  significant  short-term  elements,  would  reduce  and  the  estimated  recoverable 
amounts  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  would  be  lower  and  the  headroom  of 
recoverable  amounts  over  respective  carrying  values  would  reduce.  We  do  not  believe, 
based on current forecasts, that impairments on oil and gas assets would arise.   

- 118 - 

 
 
 
 
GLOSSARY 

bbl 

bcf 
boe  

BKR Assets 
BPEOC 
CPR 
ESG 
FDP 
FPS 
HPHT 

mscf 
mmbbl 

mmboe 
mmscf 
mmscfd 
NGLs 
NTS 
OGA 
Overlift 
Underlift 
P10 

P50 

P90 

Pigging 

Proved 
Reserves 

Probable 
Reserves 

Possible 
Reserves 

Reserves 

Tcf 
UKCS 

barrel of 42 US gallons 

billion standard cubic feet 
barrels of oil equivalent (barrels of oil, condensate and LPG plus the heating 
equivalent of gas converted into barrels at the appropriate rate) 
Bruce, Keith and Rhum fields 
BP Exploration Operating Company 
Competent Persons Report 
Environmental, Social and Governance 
Field Development Plan 
Forties Pipeline System 
High pressure high temperature 

thousand standard cubic feet 
million barrels 

million barrels of oil equivalent 
million standard cubic feet 
million standard cubic feet per day 
Natural gas liquids extracted from gas streams 
National Transmission System 
Oil and Gas Authority 
Volumes of oil or NGLs sold in excess of volumes produced 
Volumes of oil or NGLs produced but not yet sold 
A high estimate that there should be at least a 10% probability that the 
quantities recovered will actually equal or exceed the estimate 
A best estimate that there should be at least a 50% probability that the 
quantities recovered will actually equal or exceed the estimate 
A low estimate that there should be at least a 90% probability that the 
quantities recovered will actually equal or exceed the estimate 
A process of pipeline cleaning and maintenance which involves the use of 
devices called pigs 
Proved reserves are those Reserves that can be estimated with a high 
degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining 
quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves 
Probable reserves are those additional Reserves that are less certain to be 
recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual 
remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the 
estimated proved + probable reserves 
Possible reserves are those additional Reserves that are less certain to be 
recovered than probable reserves. It is unlikely that the actual remaining 
quantities recovered will exceed the sum of the estimated proved + 
probable + possible reserves 
Estimates of discovered recoverable commercial hydrocarbon reserves 
calculated in accordance with the revised June 2018 Petroleum Resources 
Management System (PRMS) version 1.01 
trillion standard cubic feet 
United Kingdom Continental Shelf 

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