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Severn Trent

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FY2011 Annual Report · Severn Trent
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Sustainable growth
Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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Severn Trent Plc
Registered office:
Severn Trent Centre
2 St John’s Street
Coventry
CV1 2LZ 
Tel: 02477 715000
www.severntrent.com 

Registered number: 2366619

 
 
 
 
 
 
www.severntrent.com

Contents

Introduction

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

125

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Overview
1 
2 
4 
6 
8 

2011 Severn Trent group highlights
Group at a glance
Chairman’s statement
Chief Executive’s review 
Our strategy 

Business review
10  Severn Trent Water – Performance
16  Severn Trent Services – Performance
20 
Looking forward
22  Financial review

Governance
26  Directors’ report
29  Directors’ responsibility statement
30  Board of directors
32  Executive Committee
33  Chairman’s letter
39  Nominations Committee
40  Audit Committee
42  Corporate Responsibility Committee
43  Remuneration Committee
56  Risk and assurance

Group financial statements
59 
Independent auditor’s report
60  Consolidated income statement
61  Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
62  Consolidated statement of changes in equity
63  Consolidated balance sheet
64  Consolidated cash flow statement
65  Notes to the group financial statements

Independent auditor’s report 

Company financial statements
112 
113  Company balance sheet
113  Company statement of total recognised gains and losses
114  Notes to the company financial statements

Other information
122  Five year summary
123  Severn Trent Water – delivering against our KPIs
124 

Information for shareholders

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Severn Trent is a FTSE 100 
company. Our core business is 
water. We provide and treat water 
and waste water in the UK and 
internationally through our two 
complementary businesses – 
Severn Trent Water and Severn 
Trent Services.

  Find out more at our corporate website 
  www.severntrent.com

  Severn Trent Water website 
  www.stwater.co.uk

  Severn Trent Services website 
  www.severntrentservices.com

Cautionary statement
This document contains certain ‘forward looking statements’ with respect to Severn Trent’s 
financial condition, results of operations and business and certain of Severn Trent’s plans and 
objectives with respect to these items.

Forward looking statements are sometimes, but not always, identified by their use of a date in  
the future or such words as ‘anticipates’, ‘aims’, ‘due’, ‘will’, ‘could’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘expects’, 
‘believes’, ‘intends’, ‘plans’, ‘potential’, ‘reasonably possible’, ‘targets’, ‘goal’ or ‘estimates’. By their 
very nature forward looking statements are inherently unpredictable, speculative and involve  
risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur 
in the future.

There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. These factors 
include, but are not limited to, changes in the economies and markets in which the group 
operates; changes in the regulatory and competition frameworks in which the group operates; 
the impact of legal or other proceedings against or which affect the group; and changes in 
interest and exchange rates.

All written or verbal forward looking statements, made in this document or made subsequently, 
which are attributable to Severn Trent or any other member of the group or persons acting on 
their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the factors referred to above. Severn Trent 
does not intend to update these forward looking statements.

Nothing in this document should be regarded as a profits forecast.

This document is not an offer to sell, exchange or transfer any securities of Severn Trent Plc  
or any of its subsidiaries and is not soliciting an offer to purchase, exchange or transfer such 
securities in any jurisdiction. Securities may not be offered, sold or transferred in the United 
States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the 
US Securities Act of 1933 (as amended).

Severn Trent Plc
Severn Trent Plc is a public limited company listed on the  
London Stock Exchange and registered in England and Wales 
with company number 2366619. This is the Annual Report  
and Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2011.

More information on Severn Trent Plc can be found on our 
website at www.severntrent.com

Lost investors
During 2009/10 we appointed ProSearch to look for investors 
who had failed to keep their details up to date. We have unclaimed 
funds waiting to be claimed. Shareholders are reminded that if 
they move house they need to contact Equiniti and advise them 
of their new address.

Buying and selling shares in the UK
If you wish to buy or sell certificated Severn Trent shares, you will 
need to use a stockbroker or high street bank which trades on the 
London Stock Exchange. There are also many telephone and 
online services available to you. If you are selling, you will need to 
present your share certificate at the time of sale. Details of low 
cost dealing services may be obtained from www.shareview.co.uk 
or 0845 603 7037.

Share price information
Shareholders can find share price information on our website 
and in most national newspapers. Ceefax, where available, also 
displays share prices that are updated regularly throughout the 
trading day. For a real-time buying or selling price, you should 
contact a stockbroker.

Gifting your shares
To transfer your shares to another member of your family as a gift, 
please request a gift transfer form from Equiniti. The completed 
transfer form together with the relevant share certificate(s) should 
be returned to Equiniti to record the change in ownership.

If you have a small number of shares and would like to donate 
them to charity, please ask Equiniti for a ShareGift (charity 
donation scheme) transfer form. ShareGift (registered charity No. 
1052686) is an independent charity which provides a free service 
for shareholders wishing to dispose charitably of small numbers 
of shares, which would cost more to sell than they are worth. 
Further information is also available on the ShareGift website at 
www.sharegift.org or by telephoning 020 7337 0501.

Shareholder security
Many companies have become aware that their shareholders have 
received unsolicited phone calls or correspondence concerning 
investment matters. These are typically from overseas based 
‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders, offering to sell them what 
often turn out to be worthless or high risk shares in US or UK 
investments. These operations are commonly known as ‘boiler 
rooms’. These ‘brokers’ can be very persistent and extremely 
persuasive and the number of instances of this type of fraud has 
increased dramatically in recent years. A 2006 survey by the 
Financial Services Authority (FSA) has reported that the average 
amount lost by investors is around £20,000. It is not just the novice 
investor that has been duped in this way: many of the victims had 
been successfully investing for several years.

In addition, in the current economic climate, boiler rooms are now 
targeting victims who have redundancy money or those who are 
not experienced investors, and are asking for smaller sums of 
money to be invested.

If you receive any unsolicited investment advice: 

•  ensure you get the full name of the person and organisation; 
•  check that they are properly authorised by the FSA before 

getting involved by visiting www.fsa.gov.uk/register

•  report the matter to the FSA either by calling 0300 500 5000  

or visiting www.moneymadeclear.fsa.gov.uk; and 

•  if the calls persist, hang up.

Please be aware that if you deal with an unauthorised firm, you 
will not be eligible to receive payment under the Financial 
Services Compensation Scheme. The FSA can be contacted by 

completing an online form at www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/doing/
regulated/law alerts/overseas.shtml

Shareholders are advised to be very wary of any unsolicited 
advice, offers to buy shares at a discount or offers of free 
company reports. Details of any share dealing facilities that the 
company endorses will be included in company mailings or on 
our website. For more detailed information from the FSA go to 
www.moneymadeclear.fsa.gov.uk

Shareholder fraud – tips on protecting your shareholding
To reduce the risk of fraud happening to you please consider the 
following:

•  ensure all your share certificates and dividend tax vouchers 
are kept in a safe place, or consider holding your shares 
electronically in CREST via a nominee;

•  keep all correspondence from the registrar in a safe place. 
Destroy all correspondence showing your personal details  
(e.g. shareholder reference number) by shredding;

•  if you change your address inform the registrar. If you receive  
a letter from the registrar regarding a change of address and 
have not recently moved house, please contact them 
immediately. You may be a victim of identity theft; and

•  know when dividends are paid. Consider having your dividend 

paid directly into your bank or building society account, reducing 
the risk of cheques being intercepted or lost in the post. If you 
change your bank or building society account, inform the 
registrar of the details of your new account immediately. 
Respond to any letters the registrar sends you about this.

If you have any reason to believe that you may have been the 
target of a fraud, or attempted fraud, please contact the registrar 
immediately.

Unsolicited mail
The company is legally obliged to make its share register 
available to the general public. Consequently some shareholders 
may receive unsolicited mail. If you wish to limit the amount of 
unsolicited mail you receive please contact:

The Mailing Preference Service (MPS),  
Freepost 29 LON20771, London W1E 0ZT

Alternatively, register online at www.mpsonline.org.uk or call the 
MPS Registration line on 0845 703 4599.

Share capital history
Information on the company’s share capital history, including the 
share capital reorganisation in August 1997 and the demerger of 
Biffa Plc, return of capital by payment of a special dividend and 
share consolidation in October 2006, is available from the 
Investor Centre pages on our website.

Designed and produced by Salterbaxter

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This report was printed by Pureprint Group using their pureprint® and alcofree® 
environmental print technology. All the electricity used in the production of this report 
was generated from renewable sources and vegetable based inks were used 
throughout. Pureprint Group is a CarbonNeutral® company and registered to the 
Environmental Management System, ISO 14001 and EMAS, the Eco Management 
and Audit Scheme. It is printed on Cocoon 100 Uncoated, a recycled paper containing 
100% post consumer waste which is manufactured to ISO 14001 standard.

 
 
 
 
2011 Severn Trent group highlights

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

1

•  Good start to AMP5 regulatory period – realising benefits of efficiency 

improvement programmes and planned outputs delivered

•  Severn Trent Water opex below level allowed in Final Determination
•  Self-generated renewables now supplying 22% of Severn Trent Water’s power 

requirements

•  Real price reduction in first year of new AMP has rebased underlying profitability
•  Full year dividend 65.09 pence per share. Dividend for 2011/12 to grow by 

7.7%* to 70.10p

•  On track to deliver further efficiencies – ambition remains to outperform  

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over AMP5

* November 2010 RPI of 4.7%, + 3%

Group turnover £m

£1,711.3m

2011

2010: £1,703.9m

Group profit* £m

£288.6m

2011

2010: £338.4m

* before tax, gains/losses on financial instruments  
and exceptional items

Group profit before tax £m

£253.0m

2011

2010: £334.4m

Dividend pence per share

Earnings per share* pence

65.09p

2011

2010: 72.32p

Total shareholder return

105.6p

2011

2010: 122.8p

* before exceptional items, gains/losses  
on financial instruments and deferred tax

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2011

Severn Trent Plc

FTSE 100 Index 

       Source: Datastream

Severn Trent Plc

FTSE 100 Index

This graph illustrates the value at 31 March 2011, 
of £100 invested in Severn Trent on 31 March 
2006 compared with the value of £100 invested  
in the FTSE 100 Index. The intermediate points 
show the value at intervening financial year ends.  
Source: Datastream 

 
 
2

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Group at a glance
Severn Trent Water 
Find out more on page 10 

Severn Trent Water provides 
high quality water and 
sewerage services to over  
3.2 million households and 
businesses in the Midlands  
and mid-Wales.

Key strengths

• We are committed to the long term 

sustainable stewardship of the 
business, the environment, customers 
and the communities in which we live 
and work.

• Our efficiencies and high standards 

help us keep our costs low and 
generate progressive, sustainable 
returns for our shareholders.

• We continually work to improve our 
performance and deliver cost and 
operational efficiencies against 18 Key 
Performance Indicators (KPIs), each  
of which is aligned to our long term 
strategy.

• Our bills for water and sewerage 

combined are the lowest on average in 
England and Wales.

• We have one of the lowest reported per 

capita consumption rates in the UK.

• We have a strong management team,  
a clear business plan and we launched 
our long term plans in our 25 year 
Strategic Direction Statement in 2007.

Our industry
The water industry in England and Wales 
invests more than £3 billion a year and 
employs over 27,000 people. There are 
currently 10 water and sewerage companies 
in England and Wales.

Our sector is facing significant long term 
challenges. The privatisation of the industry 
just over 20 years ago led to improvements 
in services to customers, better quality 
drinking water and higher environmental 
standards. It also attracted new investment. 
Those successes, however, have also had 
consequences, such as high levels of debt, 
rising prices for customers and increased 
carbon emissions. Our proposals for 
changes in our industry are helping us to 
play a role in shaping the debate. We talk 
more about our position and how other 
bodies with a stake in our industry are 
responding on pages 20 and 21.

Our business
Severn Trent Water is a regulated business. 
We work within five year price cycles, with the 
prices we charge our customers set at the 
beginning of each cycle by our economic 
regulator, Ofwat. These five year cycles are 
known as Asset Management Plan (AMP) 
periods. We have just reached the end of the 
first year of AMP5. 

Our performance
Every June, all water companies submit 
a detailed annual breakdown of their 
performance, known as the June Return,  
to Ofwat. Ofwat uses this information to 
monitor and compare companies’ 
performance. 

As well as being regulated by Ofwat, our 
performance is monitored by:

•  the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI), 
which is responsible for making sure we 
comply with drinking water quality 
regulations. 

•  the Environment Agency, which controls 
water abstraction, river pollution and 
flooding.

We also work with the government 
(including the Department for Environment, 
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the 
Welsh Assembly government) and other 
agencies such as the Consumer Council for 
Water (CCWater) and Natural England to 
make sure we meet the highest customer 
service and environmental standards, while 
offering our customers the lowest prices.

Our vision for the future
Our 25 year Strategic Direction Statement 
sets out the long term direction and 
development of our group for the years 
2010–35 (see ‘Our strategy’, page 8).  
You can also find the full report on our 
website: www.stwater.co.uk/sds

Where we operate in the UK

Our region stretches 
across the heart of  
the UK, from the 
Bristol Channel to  
the Humber, and  
from mid-Wales to  
the East Midlands.

Our physical assets include:
–  46,000 km of water mains
–  126 water treatment works
–  54,000 km of sewers
–   1,026 sewage 

treatment works

Drinking water supplied per day

1.8bn litres

Waste water collected per day

1.4bn litres

Employees

5,128

As at 31 March 2011

Turnover £m
2010/11 (up 0.3%)

2011

2010

1,389.8

1,385.3

Split of business

Severn Trent Water 
Profit* 2010/11

£503.7m

(down 6.9%)
* before exceptional items, interest and tax

 
 
Group at a glance
Severn Trent Services 
Find out more on page 16 

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

3

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Number of countries with 
operating entity

11

Employees

3,056

As at 31 March 2011

Turnover £m
2010/11 (down 0.1%)

2011

2010

336.1

336.5

Severn Trent Services is one  
of the world’s leading suppliers 
of water and waste water 
treatment solutions.  
We are known for continual 
innovation, reliability, quality 
services and leadership in  
our chosen markets. 

Key strengths

• Our business has a clear strategy for 
growth, which focuses on the growing 
global demand for clean water and 
safe, efficient waste water treatment.

• We are known for our quality, reliability 

and stability.

• We provide operating services to  
an increasing number of utilities, 
municipalities and commercial 
customers in targeted countries.

• We are a leader in high growth 
technology markets such as 
disinfection, filtration, adsorption and 
marine/offshore waste water treatments.

• We have a track record of growth and 

efficient operations.

Our industry
The market for water and waste water 
products and services is large with 
substantial prospects for growth in the areas 
we serve. That is because the drivers of the 
water and waste water business – water 
scarcity, population growth, climate change 
and more stringent regulatory requirements 
– remain strong. 

Our business
Severn Trent Services provides water and 
waste water treatment and operating 
services to utilities, municipalities and 
commercial customers around the world. 

We focus on the high growth markets and 
geographies where our broad line of 
products and services meet the significant 
needs of our customers.

We have three principal business streams:

•  Operating Services provides contract 

operating services to manage and 
maintain water and waste water plants 
and networks in selected countries 
worldwide. We are a leading provider in 
the United States and United Kingdom, 
one of the few integrated water operators 
in Italy and are building a strong presence 
in Ireland.

•  Water Purification (Products) is one of 
the leading global providers of advanced 
technologies and integrated solutions for 
water and waste water disinfection, 
filtration, adsorption and marine/offshore 
waste water treatment.

•  Analytical Services is a leader in UK 
environmental water testing services.

Our performance
We measure our performance against our 
Key Strategic Initiatives. We discuss how 
these shape our businesses on page 9.

Where we operate
Our activities are focused in four regions 
– the Americas, Europe, Middle East and 
North Africa (MENA) and Asia Pacific. 
Operating Services operates in the US, UK, 
Ireland and Italy. Water Purification operates 
in all four regions and Analytical Services 
operates in the UK.

Severn Trent Services 
Profit* 2010/11 

£25.7m

(down 10.5%)
* before exceptional items, interest and tax

 
 
4

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Chairman’s statement

At the end of my first financial year as 
Chairman, I’m pleased to report that we 
have made a good start to delivering  
our targets for the new AMP5 regulatory 
period and are realising the benefits of  
our efficiency improvement programmes. 
As expected the price reductions at the 
start of the five year determination have 
reduced profitability below prior years’ 
levels but from this base Severn Trent 
Water has continued to outperform.

For the year, total group turnover was up 
0.4% to £1.7 billion. The real price reduction 
in the first year of the new AMP has 
rebased underlying profitability with group 
profit before tax, gains/losses on financial 
instruments and exceptional items, down 
14.7% to £288.6 million, giving adjusted 
earnings per share, excluding deferred tax, 
of 105.6p, a 14% decrease on the prior year.

This is a good solid business on track  
to perform well and deliver total overall 
benefits for shareholders, customers and 
the environment.

There remains significant opportunity for 
growth in both our Services business and 
in delivering further outperformance in 
Severn Trent Water.

Andrew Duff, Chairman

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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I am delighted to find, at Severn Trent, a 
strong board of executives, very capably  
led by Tony Wray, that is committed to 
operational excellence and continuous 
improvement. Momentum within the 
company is strong and we have the 
ambition to be recognised as a top 
performer in our sector. I am also grateful to 
the management team for the wholehearted 
support that they have given to me in my 
first year as Chairman.

We have a solid track record of financial 
performance and the board is proposing a 
final dividend of 39.05p, to be paid on 29 
July 2011. This will give a total dividend of 
65.09 pence per ordinary share. From this 
new base, we will look to grow the dividend 
by 3% above RPI each year up to 2014/15. 

The single largest profit driver was the 
performance of Severn Trent Water, which 
continued to outperform with planned 
operational expenditure below the level of 
the Final Determination. 

This improvement in efficiency is a 
consequence of the group’s ongoing change 
programme, which is resulting in significant 
business improvement. One of the most 
momentous changes during the year was 
the move to our new operating centre in 
Coventry, resulting in not only a change  
of environment for our people, but a  
change to new, more efficient and 
innovative, working practices. I’ve yet to 
meet a visitor who isn’t impressed by this 
truly modern working environment and the 
building has created a level of energy and 
enthusiasm that is infectious.

The change programme extends beyond 
the office to the group’s operations and 
processes and includes significant systems 
investment. Naturally, as with many 
programmes of this size and scale, it comes 
with its challenges. But we’re confident we 
have embarked upon a course that will allow 
us to continue to deliver further efficiencies 
throughout the AMP period.

‘ We have the talent, the innovation, the 
systems and the resources to continue  
to achieve profitable and sustainable 
growth for our group whilst also  
meeting the needs of our customers  
and the environment.’
Andrew Duff,  
Chairman

Operational performance during the year 
was impacted by the severe winter weather, 
placing pressure on our leakage 
performance. During the year the number of 
unplanned interruptions to customers’ water 
supply increased. We have decided to 
increase the level of investment in our water 
distribution system in order to build even 
greater resilience in our infrastructure to 
cope with severe weather in future years. 

Severe weather notwithstanding however, 
we continue to provide some of the highest 
standards of customer service in the 
industry, with excellent drinking water quality 
and a year on year reduction in the number 
of properties suffering from sewer flooding. 

I am particularly pleased to see the focus  
on health and safety within the business. 
The personal safety of employees has 
always been one of my priorities so I was 
pleased to find a strong culture and focus on 
safety in the company. Our recent Employee 
Engagement survey shows that 95% of our 
people say that health and safety is taken 
seriously at Severn Trent Water and this is 
reflected in the Severn Trent Water Lost 
Time Incident (LTI) performance which 
remains the best in the sector. Safety is one 
issue but the commitment of our employees 
is vital to our group’s success and so we are 
continuing to invest in the development and 
training of our employees and future leaders.

During the year, we made good progress in 
protecting our environment and dealing with 
waste water whilst continuing to lead the 
industry in the production of renewable 
energy. Self-generated renewables now 
supply 22% of Severn Trent Water’s power 
requirements, helping to mitigate our  
carbon impact. 

Severn Trent Services had a mixed year 
with performance falling below expectations. 
Although the business made good progress 
in reducing its costs and maintains a strong 
order book, results were affected by project 
delays in our Middle East and North Africa 
region and the slowdown in the global 
economic environment, impacting public 
funded initiatives. Growth and profitability  
in our Services business remains a priority 
and we are well placed to make progress  
on this aim. 

As I write this statement it seems likely that 
there will be some regulatory change 
following the publication of the government’s 
White Paper later this year. We intend to 
continue to play an active role in regulatory 
reform and play an influential role in the 
debate about how our industry addresses 
the challenges ahead of us in order to 
promote sustainable growth. We also want 
to make sure that any change strikes the 
right balance between delivering value and 
security to our customers and reliable 
returns to our shareholders. We must get 
this right because the investment challenge 
over future years means that we must be 
able to compete for capital internationally as 
the need for infrastructure funding globally 
becomes more pressing. You can read 
more about our position on page 20 of  
this report.

All of this will undoubtedly bring more 
challenges but I firmly believe that we have 
the talent, the innovation, the systems and 
the resources to continue to achieve 
profitable and sustainable growth for our 
group whilst also meeting the needs of our 
customers and the environment.

6

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Chief Executive’s review

Our strategy of sustainable growth 
through a focus on water and waste  
water operations in the UK and 
internationally, continues to deliver 
significant overall value.

In the UK, Severn Trent Water made  
a good start to the new five year  
regulatory period, performing broadly  
in line with expectations. 

In a challenging year, I would like to  
pay tribute to our people, who 
professionally handled both difficult 
operational circumstances and  
significant internal change.

Our Severn Trent Services business 
started the year strongly, but was  
affected by the economic slowdown  
and political and regulatory uncertainty  
in the second half. 

Fundamentally, we remain well placed  
to deliver our business plan and to 
continue to play an active role in shaping 
the future of the UK water industry.

Tony Wray, Chief Executive

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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Business Performance Review
Group profit before interest, tax and 
exceptional items is down 7% due to 
expected price reductions in the first year  
of the AMP period for Severn Trent Water 
and a disappointing second half 
performance in Severn Trent Services,  
in challenging market conditions.

From the new dividend base of 65.09p we 
will grow the dividend by 3% above RPI up 
to 2014/15. 

Underlying financial performance remains 
strong and we continued to outperform our 
regulatory targets.

Severn Trent Water
With our focus on operational excellence 
and continuous improvement, our goal is  
to keep prices low and deliver the highest 
customer service and environmental 
standards.

Overall, we achieved these goals in the past 
year. We delivered industry-leading drinking 
water quality and reduced the number of 
incidents of sewer flooding, one of the 
biggest causes of distress to our customers. 
Our customers also benefited from the 
lowest combined average water and 
sewerage bills in England and Wales.

In these straitened times, we’ve carried  
on helping customers who have difficulties 
paying their bills and as a result we have 
also been able to reduce bad debt.

Environmental performance continues to  
be strong and we are reinforcing our leading 
position in renewable energy generation, 
with 22% of Severn Trent Water’s electricity 
requirements being met by self-generated 
renewables. Some of that was generated  
by the UK’s first commercial scale crops to 
energy plant, which was opened this year. 

Leakage was above target as a result of the 
severe winter weather. However, despite 
significant operational challenges we 
maintained our leakage at the same level as 
last year. Unplanned interruptions to supply 
also increased during the year. 

Steps are in place to improve the resilience 
of our water distribution network, but I would 
like to pay tribute to our people who, faced 
with unprecedented operational challenges, 
kept customer supplies running over this 
difficult period. 

That we are able to work in such a flexible 
and responsive way is thanks in part to the 
changes we have made to our internal 
operations. This year we moved to our new 
operating centre, Severn Trent Centre in 
Coventry, bringing together under one roof 
many teams previously dispersed over 
seven older buildings. We have transformed 
our technology infrastructure and 
implemented the second phase of SAP 
which will help us to run our business more 
effectively.

Once again, I would like to use this 
opportunity to thank our people for the way 
they have responded to such a significant 
change in technology and ways of working.

Severn Trent Services
The economic environment remained 
especially challenging for our Severn Trent 
Services business, which started the year 
well only to experience a market downturn  
in the second half.

While the underlying market is growing and 
demand remains strong, projects are being 
delayed as project financing has been less 
available and slower to obtain. In addition, 
political uncertainty in the Middle East, a key 
market for our water purification products, 

and the moratorium on deep well drilling  
in the US, led to lower sales of our highly 
successful electrochlorination product line. 
In the US, in particular, municipal budget 
shortfalls have limited infrastructure 
spending on products while driving more 
project opportunities for outsourcing in our 
Operating Services units.

Looking ahead
At Severn Trent Water, with strong 
underlying performance and the right 
people, technology and AMP5 contracts  
in place, we are well placed to achieve  
our business plan and outperform our 
regulatory targets. 

In Severn Trent Services, the prospects for 
long term growth remain good, but the first 
half of the coming year is likely to see the 
same market conditions that prevailed at the 
end of last year. With a good portfolio of 
business and products, we are confident  
of returning to profitable and sustainable 
growth once the public finances start to 
recover and the political and regulatory 
uncertainty in key markets subside.

In terms of prospects for regulatory and 
industry change, Severn Trent remains at 
the forefront of industry thinking and our 
ideas for a sustainable future for our  
industry have been widely published  
and well received. 

Throughout our operations, our goal 
continues to be to deliver long term 
sustainable growth. This strategy, 
underpinned by a clear focus on customers, 
environmental performance, people and 
shareholder value will continue.

Total shareholder return 
2006–2011

2007 £128

2008 £132

2006 £100

2009 £97

2011 £161

2010 £125

8

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Our strategy
Sustainable growth

Sustainable
We need to strike the right 
balance to maintain a healthy 
business. We do this by:

Providing high standards of service to 
our customers, strong environmental 
performance, a fair return for investors 
and a great place to work for our people
Running a sustainable business, balancing 
the needs of all our stakeholders, along with 
the needs of the environment in which our 
businesses operate.

Making sure our business is efficiently 
financed, with a flexible and sustainable 
balance sheet 
As well as ensuring we are securely funded 
we work to manage our balance sheet 
sensibly and keep our credit ratings stable. 
We keep our refinancing needs under 
constant review to take advantage of 
favourable market conditions.

Acting responsibly, operating safely 
and doing the right things
The very nature of our business makes 
corporate responsibility part and parcel of 
our everyday business activities. What we 
do affects the environment, local and 
regional communities, our people and 
society at large. Acting responsibly, 
operating safely and doing the right thing 
also play important roles in enhancing our 
reputation with our stakeholders. It therefore 
makes sense to make ethical and 
responsible business practices an integral 
part of our strategy, incorporated into our 
business planning and risk management.

Severn Trent Water 
Our vision is to be the best water and waste water company in the 
UK. We aim to achieve this by providing the highest standards 
and lowest charges and through great people. We focus on four 
key areas – customers, environment, people and value. 

Customers
Our customers have the lowest, on average, 
bills in England and Wales. But keeping 
customers satisfied is not just about low 
charges and value for money. We also need 
to reflect their needs and priorities in our 
plans, communicate clearly, keep our 
promises and apologise if things go wrong. 

Environment
Our operations depend on the environment 
in which we operate. Our activities can have 
a significant impact and we take our 
stewardship of the environment very 
seriously, looking for innovative ways to 
manage our river catchments, and minimise 
pollution and our carbon footprint.

People
Our drive to work safer, better and faster  
is the cornerstone of our business 
transformation initiatives. Making sure  
we have the right processes and systems  
in place, underpinned by a strong safety 
culture, is a fundamental part of our drive  
for operational excellence and continuous 
improvement.

Value
The more efficiently we work, the higher  
our standards. In turn this improves our 
ability to keep our costs low and generate 
progressive, sustainable returns which 
earns the trust of our shareholders.

Our key focus:

Customers

Environment

People

Value

Delivering quality 
services at 
prices customers 
can afford

Reducing 
pollution and our 
carbon footprint 

Investing in the 
right people with 
the right skills

Making our 
business 
attractive to 
investors

Key Strategic Intentions

Our strategy is based on 
eight Key Strategic Intentions 
(KSIs) which reflect what 
matters to our customers and 
wider stakeholder groups. 
We measure our performance 
within each KSI against our 
18 Key Performance 
Indicators (KPIs):  

1.  Providing a continuous 
supply of quality water

2.  Dealing effectively with 

waste water

3.  Responding to customers’ 

needs

4.  Minimising our carbon 

footprint

5.  Having the lowest possible 

charges

6.  Having the right skills to 

deliver

7.  Maintaining investor 

confidence

8.  Promoting an effective 

regulatory regime

 
Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

9

Growth 
We create and release value by 
focusing on water and waste 
water. We achieve this by:

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Growing Severn Trent Water in the  
UK through investment in our networks 
and services
We are committed to reaching the highest 
standards in the industry and to continually 
improving our performance in every area of 
our business, from the resilience of our 
networks to the energy we consume and the 
way we interact with our customers. For that 
reason the improvement targets we set 
ourselves are ambitious, and often more 
challenging than our regulatory requirements.

Winning in a changing world – 
positioning Severn Trent to capitalise 
on opportunities in a new regulatory 
framework
Our industry has delivered significant 
benefits in the two decades since 
privatisation. However, we believe that 
changes to the regulatory and policy 
framework are now needed in order to make 
the industry sustainable. Our strategy of 
continually improving our operational and 

financial performance, backed by a 
significant programme of change, puts us  
in a strong position to prosper from future 
changes to the way we are regulated.

Deploying our Severn Trent Services 
business into new markets
This business operates at the forefront  
of the demand for water and waste water 
services. We achieve growth in this 
business by expanding the scope of our 
existing markets, entering new high growth 
markets and investing in innovative 
technologies. 

Developing new treatment technologies
Our research and development teams 
investigate treatment technologies to 
improve our efficiency and continually 
reduce our environmental impacts. By 
challenging traditional approaches we are 
able to introduce groundbreaking solutions 
that require less capital investment and 
lower operational costs.

Severn Trent Services 
 We aim to maintain strong operational performance through  
cost control and revenue growth and by capitalising on the  
right opportunities for growth in the higher return, unregulated 
market sectors.

Severn Trent Services is one of the leading 
water and waste water businesses in the 
world. To achieve our strategy we focus on:

•  Expanding the scope of our operating 
services to existing clients around the 
world.

•  Continuing the geographic expansion  

of our products.

•  Enhancing products and operations to 

improve our effectiveness and efficiency.

•  Developing new technologies at the 
forefront of water and waste water 
solutions.

Operational performance
As a competitive business, it is crucial that 
we build on our strengths in order to secure 
new business and maintain high levels of 
contract renewals in Operating Services. 
For our Water Purification (Products) 
business this means continuing innovation 
to develop high-end products taking 
advantage of market opportunities while 
staying focused on water. We also aim to 
preserve our operational margins through 
efficiency gains.

We are always looking for ways to improve 
our standards and operate more efficiently. 
We achieve this through supply chain cost 
reduction in component sourcing and lower 
cost locations for engineering and 
assembly; and by improving our 
environmental and health and safety 
performance.

Key Strategic Initiatives

Eight Key Strategic Initiatives 
define our strategy and set 
out how we intend to achieve 
our objectives:  

1.  Deliver what customers 

value

2.  Establish long term 

contracts and strong sales 
channel relationships

3.  Expand our global 

technology programme

4.  Continuously improve 
quality, health, safety  
and environmental 
performance

5.  Invest in strategic 
partnerships to 
supplement organic 
growth

6.  Optimise processes and 
organisational capabilities

7.  Continue to build a strong, 
coherent and respected 
brand

8.  Increase employee 

engagement

 
Our challenge is to keep 
continually improving how we 
engage with our customers. 
We need to maintain our 
efficiency while making our 
customers feel more valued.

10

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review
Severn Trent Water
Performance

Underlying improvements in 
operational performance were 
affected by a challenging 
business and economic 
environment, together with  
the coldest December in  
100 years. However, overall 
progress remains strong with 
significant business change 
resulting in the delivery of 
planned efficiencies.

Our aim is to deliver the highest standards 
and lowest prices for customers and one of 
the best standards of drinking water in the 
UK. At an average of £298, Severn Trent 
Water customers also paid the lowest 
average combined water and sewerage bill 
in England and Wales over the last year. 
For those customers struggling to pay, we 
helped to manage their payments, whilst 
reducing our own bad debt risk.

The harsh December had a significant 
impact on our operations, particularly on 
our leakage performance, with a sharp 
peak in leakages at the height of the 
freeze/thaw events. The severe weather 
also meant that our capital programme got 
off to a slower start than we had aimed for.

We are particularly pleased with progress 
in our work to tackle sewer flooding, one  
of the biggest causes of disruption and 
distress to our customers. We also halved 
the total number of pollution incidents in the 
category 1 and 2 bands, with none in the 
most serious, category 1 classification.

Our business also underwent change 
during the year as we set up to deliver  
our ambitious AMP5 programme. Our 
streamlined new supply chain is now  
in place and major improvements in 
technology and ways of working have been 
implemented, including the move to a state 
of the art operational centre in Coventry.

Customers
Our customers’ combined average water 
and sewerage bills are the lowest in 
England and Wales and the quality of the 
water we provide is amongst the best in the 
industry. We also score well on the process 
side of dealing with our customers – we 
aim to deal with customer issues at first 
point of contact. Although we solve 
problems efficiently, we need to improve 
the way we engage with our customers. 
Our challenge is to maintain our  
efficiency whilst making our customers  
feel more valued.

We worked with customer 
focus groups to redesign our 
customer bills so they fit our 
customers’ needs.

8.2m

We serve 8.2 million people

82p

Average customer pays just  
82 pence per day

£298

Lowest combined average water  
and sewerage bill in England and  
Wales at £298

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Customer experience
We are committed to providing the best 
customer experience possible. Ofwat’s 
Service Incentive Mechanism (SIM), a new 
way of measuring the customer experience, 
will help us keep track of our performance.  
It measures whether our customers feel 
valued when we interact with them, as well 
as how well we respond to their telephone 
and written communications. The 2010/11 
financial year is our first full year of data.  
We are using the information we gather to 
put together a Customer Experience 
programme that covers recruitment, training, 
our telephone performance and improving 
every single touch point customers have 
with Severn Trent. 

At times, and especially during the harsh 
winter, our customers found it difficult to 
contact us as we were inundated with calls 
from people with frozen domestic pipes. 
This has increased complaints which we  
are working hard to resolve. 

A continuous supply of quality water
In 2010 we delivered 99.98% overall mean 
zonal compliance with DWI drinking water 
quality regulatory standards. However,  
our unplanned interruptions to supply 
performance over the year was not at the 
level we expect. Three major events caused 
significant disruption and regrettably a 
number of our customers were without 
water for some time. We have a dedicated 
programme in place to improve performance. 

Flooding and pollution 
We are ahead of our target for reducing the 
number of properties on the sewer flooding 
risk register, thanks to investments in our 
network and our proactive monitoring, which 
allows us to identify and fix problems before 
they result in failure. We have reduced the 
number of network failure-related repairs by 
15%, resulting in less disruption to customers 
and reduced flooding and pollution. 

Managing debt
Our challenge is to reduce bad debt while 
helping people who genuinely want to pay, 
but are finding it difficult to meet their 
payments. In 2010 we introduced a new 
credit management system that helps us 
target our efforts more efficiently. Along with 
our Relationships team, which works with 
social housing landlords to track tenants 
moving in and out of rented accommodation 
and stay on top of debt in this sector, we 
reduced bad debt to 2.3% of sales. Our 
region is still feeling the effects of the 
economic change the country is currently 
experiencing and for this reason our outlook 
on debt reduction is cautious.

To help people on lower incomes who want 
to be good payers but have fallen into debt, 
we are piloting the new Together Tariff, 
where we match payments made by 
customers. We have contributed £4.5 million 
to the Severn Trent Trust Fund, helped over 
4,800 customers through our WaterSure 
tariff and signed up 43,549 people to  
Water Direct.

Case study 
Transferring sewer 
ownership

We anticipate the transfer of 
private drains and sewers 
(PDAS) will take place in 
October 2011. At the moment 
home owners are responsible 
for everything up to the main 
sewer, including the 
connection. After the transfer 
we will own around 37,000km 
of sewers which are currently 
privately owned, and be 
responsible for their repair 
and maintenance. We also 
expect roughly 4,000 
pumping stations to be 
transferred in stages over the 
following five years. We 
believe this will benefit some 
customers in a number of 
ways such as reducing their 
liability and repair costs,  
but will lead to higher bills  
in general to fund the 
necessary continued 
investment. Our plans for the 
transition are well advanced 
and we have been engaging 
with regulators and 
government to make sure  
we provide customers with 
an efficient service after  
the transfer.

Customer written complaints per 1,000 
properties

First time call resolution for billing 

5.73 2011 4.95 2010

90% 2011 89% 2010

Properties at risk of low pressure per 
1,000 properties

0.07 2011 0.12  2010

For more information on KPIs  
see page 123

 
12

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review
Severn Trent Water
Performance (continued)

Our sewage treatment works failing consent 
limit was 1.69% (2010: 1.80%). We are 
working to improve this as part of our 
Environmental Improvement plan which we 
put in place this year. Our plan, developed 
alongside Ofwat, supports our aim of raising 
the standards of our watercourses to benefit 
local communities and those who use our 
rivers for recreation.

One of our challenges is striking a balance 
between river water quality and carbon 
production. We invest in plant to eliminate 
nitrates and pesticides in order to improve 
water quality in our rivers and comply with 
the Water Framework Directive (WFD). To 
reduce the number of new treatment works 
we need to build, we work in partnership 
with farmers and industries to encourage 
them to discharge less effluent and waste 
into watercourses through the use of 
Catchment Management Investigations 
(CMI). Severn Trent is currently engaged  
in 47 CMIs, more than any other water 
company. We have also developed a  
joint initiative with the Environment  
Agency to balance carbon emissions  
and river ecology.

Environment 
Our customers should have confidence that 
we will take away waste water and treat it to 
the highest environmental standards before 
returning it to our region’s rivers. We also 
strive to run our operations in a sustainable 
way and reduce our carbon footprint. 

During the year we made good progress  
in protecting our environment and dealing 
with waste water, whilst continuing to lead 
the industry in the production of renewable 
energy. However, severe winter weather 
impacted our leakage performance in  
what was otherwise a year of improved 
environmental performance.

Dealing with waste water
During the past 12 months we have had a 
strong focus on continuous improvement 
which has resulted in us halving the  
number of serious pollution incidents from 
eight to four in the year, with no category  
1 pollutions. We have been working on 
improved processes for identifying, 
monitoring and reporting pollution and our 
self reporting has increased by 11%. We are 
confident that this is helping us to focus on 
the right things and whilst this has led to an 
overall increase from 322 to 378 reported 
pollution incidents, we are confident that this 
is due to raising our standards of working 
and improving our understanding, such  
that in the longer term we will deliver  
better overall performance.

An £8.2 million investment to resolve 
pollution from our sewers overflowing in 
rivers and streams will lead to a further 
significant improvement in river quality  
in the region.

Jobs resolved first time 

Net energy use – gigawatt hours (GWh) 

97.5% 2011 96.5% 2010

706 2011

714 2010

Leakage – megalitres per day (Ml/d) 

Pollution incidents (cat 1, 2 and 3)  

497 2011

497 2010

378 2011

322 2010

For more information on KPIs  
see page 123

Case study 
Improving river water 
quality 

A £9 million project to 
upgrade our sewerage 
network and improve the 
water quality of the River 
Tame unearthed several 
hurdles at the feasibility study 
stage. These included 
contaminated ground, buried 
concrete structures, the 
presence of great crested 
newts and a complex 
geology with a past history of 
deep coal mining and high 
groundwater levels. We 
worked with the Environment 
Agency and the local 
authority to secure an 
agreement to re-use all 
excavated material on site, 
delivering a huge reduction in 
the project’s carbon footprint. 
Collaborating with our 
contractor also enabled us  
to introduce several 
innovations, such as 
specialist covers to the tank, 
and control of groundwater. 

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Reducing our carbon footprint
In 2010/11 we met our target of producing 
22% of Severn Trent Water’s energy 
requirements from renewables, reinforcing 
our leading position in the production of 
renewable electricity from sewage.  
The group also delivered the UK’s first 
commercial scale ‘energy crop’ power  
plant, using maize and wheat to generate  
15 gigawatt hours (GWh) of electricity  
per annum, enough to power 4,500 homes.  
The group has recently received permission 
to build its first wind turbine which will  
help us achieve the goal of 30% of Severn 
Trent Water’s power requirements being 
generated from our own renewables  
by 2014/15.

As well as reducing our carbon impact, 
renewables will also offer protection against 
rising energy prices, reducing our exposure 
in volatile energy markets and saving 
around £28 million over the next five years. 

In addition to generating our own energy,  
we also set targets and monitor energy use 
across every area of our business. Our 
people take every opportunity to reduce 
energy from turning off lights to reducing 
unnecessary journeys. We continue to 
invest in trackers and software that routes 
vehicles to make job scheduling more 
efficient, leading to reduced mileage and  
an improvement in productivity.

Protecting the biodiversity of our region
The scale and scope of our operations puts 
us in a unique position to protect and often 
enhance the biodiversity of our region, 
particularly its aquatic ecosystem. There are 
over 800 Sites of Special Scientific Interest 
(SSSI) in our region, a number of which are 
nominated as sites of European importance 
for the conservation and protection of 
endangered species. We own or partly 
manage 37 SSSIs and work in partnership 
with Natural England, Countryside Council 
for Wales, our tenants and other partners to 
safeguard the special interest of these sites. 

Reducing leakage
We experienced the coldest December  
in 100 years with significant snowfall and a 
prolonged freeze across our region. The 
graph below shows how leakage increased 
sharply compared to previous years. This 
caused severe operational difficulties but we 
kept customers on supply throughout the 
winter. However, two freezes followed by 
two thaws caused leakage to rise to 
unprecedented levels. We were able to 
maintain leakage at last year’s levels of  
497 megalitres per day (Ml/d). However, 
despite deploying additional resources we 
were unable to achieve our leakage target  
of 483 Ml/d as a direct result of the weather. 
We have reduced leakage significantly  
since the winter and we have plans in  
place to achieve our targets in 2011/12.  
Our long term trend on leakage is good  
and we are confident of hitting our targets  
in future years.

Customers also have a part to play and  
our water conservation and efficiency 
programme has resulted in one of the  
lowest per capita water usages in the UK. 
Severn Trent Water customers use an 
average of 126 litres per day, compared  
to the national average of 146 litres.

Winter Peaks 2007/08 to 2010/11 
Weekly Leakage April 2007 to March 2011

)
d
/
l

M

(

y
a
d

r
e
p

s
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r
t
i
l

a
g
e
M

800

750

650

550

450

350

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Case study 
Saving water and energy

Thanks to the efforts of our 
customers we continue to 
lead the industry in water 
efficiency. Nottingham couple 
Gary and Clare Blissett are a 
good example: by making a 
few practical changes they 
virtually halved their water 
consumption – and energy 
bills – in a year. As Gary 
explains, “It’s about small 
behavioural changes such  
as turning off the tap when 
brushing our teeth, only 
putting a full load into the 
washing machine and 
dishwasher and taking 
showers instead of baths.” 
They also ordered free water 
saving devices, such as a 
ShowerSave device, from 
Severn Trent. Our work  
with customers, energy 
companies and schools 
helps us have the lowest per 
capita consumption of water 
in the UK.

15 GWh

of electricity from 37,000 tonnes  
of converted maize sludge

9%

increase in our production of renewable 
energy 

126 litres

Customers used on average just  
126 litres of water per day

 
 
 
 
14

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review
Severn Trent Water
Performance (continued)

People
Over the past 12 months we have taken 
significant steps to transform the way we 
work, from the environment our people work 
in to the processes and technologies we 
use. This is a vital part of our strategy to 
improve our performance and operational 
efficiency, and the service we provide to our 
customers. Any change on this scale is 
bound to be challenging but overall our 
people are embracing the new working 
arrangements, and once again showed 
exceptional commitment over a difficult 
winter period. 

A new way of working
In October we moved to the Severn Trent 
Centre in Coventry. One of the most energy 
efficient buildings in Europe, it reflects our 
ethos of openness, team working, high 
standards and low charges. We also 
transformed our technology infrastructure. 
Virtual desktops allow our employees to 
access their PCs and business systems 
from any desk at a large proportion of our 
sites. It also allows us to form teams 
dynamically to resolve specific problems. 
For example, during the extreme cold 
weather the technology allowed our people 
to rapidly form work groups and share 
information. We are now using these 
working arrangements as a template to 
modernise the rest of our sites through our 
ongoing workplace improvement plan.

Lost time incidents per 100,000 hours 
worked

0.37 2011 0.36 2010

For more information on KPIs  
see page 123

Severn Trent Centre in Coventry

Improving our technology and  
business processes
Throughout the year we continued to invest 
strategically in new technology completing 
the implementation of our new SAP 
workforce management systems, refreshing 
our desktop technology, providing high 
bandwidth telecoms infrastructure and new 
data centres. The adoption of new, lower 
running cost technology has increased 
reliability and performance at a lower 
operating cost.

The new SAP workforce scheduling 
technology and processes are starting to 
make our operational teams more 
productive and our investment in SAP’s 
asset management systems is contributing 
to improved capital programme efficiencies.

Our new systems and technology are 
fundamentally changing the way we work 
and so we have invested heavily in training 
our people to equip them with the right skills 
to exploit the new technology and systems.

Throughout our business, our teams are 
improving their performance by changing 
the way they work using our ‘Safer Better 
Faster’ approach to continuous 
improvement. With more than two thirds of 
the organisation now upskilled in the tools 
and techniques, managers and their teams 
are equipped to improve their processes to 
deliver higher standards of performance to 
our customers in the most cost effective 
ways they can. The approach is now being 
introduced into our business support areas. 
The success of this programme is due to the 
involvement and engagement of our people 
in making the improvements for themselves 
– taking ownership of their performance, 
learning new tools and techniques,  
and working more collaboratively with 
colleagues in different functions to  
solve problems.

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15

A concept known as Safety 
Improvement Teams, set up  
by our Waste Water Services 
Team to increase employee 
engagement around health 
and safety, won a RoSPA 
Silver Award in 2010.

We have introduced better health 
surveillance processes as part of improving 
our employees’ wellbeing but recognise that 
while we have made positive progress, we 
have more to do in this area.

Recruitment and training
Having the right people with the right skills is 
more important than ever. We are working 
to make sure we have a more diverse 
workforce, with a particular focus on 
attracting more female candidates for 
operational and senior roles. In 2010 we 
continued to provide regular diversity-related 
training and communications to managers, 
employees and new joiners and worked to 
embed the importance of diversity within our 
business. With the help of ACAS we have 
designed and are implementing diversity 
training events that will eventually train 500 
Water Distribution employees.

To develop succession plans, we identify 
and mentor future leaders through our  
talent review process which assessed  
893 managers and potential leaders this 
year. Current managers have access to  
our Line Manager Journey which includes  
a suite of training modules such as  
change management and coaching for 
performance. We continue to develop  
the training programme package and add 
new modules when a need is identified.

Engaging our people
Although our people went through 
considerable changes during the year,  
those changes led to upskilling, simplified 
processes, and a better workplace and 
technologies. Our employee engagement 
survey revealed that 74% of employees 
across the organisation remain positively 
engaged. Positively engaged means 
employees are committed to the 
organisation and have the desire to go 
above and beyond the call of duty to achieve 
success. People support the need for the 
improvements and changes we are making 
(86%) and think their colleagues give them 
the support they need to do their job (87%). 
A high percentage (88%) are also happy to 
go the extra mile when required. 

However, only 33% of employees felt that 
changes which affected their job had been 
well implemented. In response to this we 
introduced a module on change 
management to our line manager 
development programme. 

We share the results of the employee 
engagement survey with our teams and 
trades union partners in order to find more 
productive and co-operative ways to work 
together in the future. 

A safe and healthy workforce
During the year our health and safety 
performance, despite remaining at upper 
quartile and leading the sector, did not 
improve. This is the first time in a number  
of years that we have not seen a year on 
year improvement and we are seeking to 
address the identifying causes to enable  
the business to attain further progress in  
this important performance measure. 
Importantly, we have a strong culture of 
people taking personal responsibility for 
their own health and safety, and that of 
others. This year 95% of our workforce 
agreed that health and safety is taken 
seriously, and 87% said we give them  
the right support to do their job safely.  

Employee motivation 

74% 2011 74% 2010

For more information on KPIs  
see page 123

 
16

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review 
Severn Trent Services
Performance

A challenging economic 
environment and social and 
political uncertainty impacted 
negatively on performance, 
especially in the second half. 
However, we made good 
progress in reducing our  
costs and improving our 
environment and health and 
safety performance. We are 
also investing in specific 
segments, both in our Products 
business and Operating 
Services, to capture growth 
opportunities and deliver 
longer term profitability.

The wider social and economic environment 
remained challenging, particularly in the 
second half of the year, with delays to 
financing of capital projects; the Gulf coast 
deep well drilling moratorium in the US; and 
political unrest in the Middle East. There 
were a few visible signs of recovery in the 
majority of our markets post the financial 
crisis, although a few markets, China for 
example, were more robust. The impact was 
felt most acutely in our Products business, 
particularly disinfection products in the US, 
and in Operating Services the impact was 
mainly in Europe, particularly Italy.

Water Purification (Products)
Industry publications and trade associations 
reported market contractions in the range of 
4% for water equipment. Despite the slower 
than anticipated market recovery, we were 
able to grow some product lines, mainly in 
filtration, while disinfection, particularly 
electrochlorination, was impacted by the 
moratorium on the Gulf of Mexico deep well 
drilling. The US water business was 
particularly impacted, with the budget crises 
experienced by municipal establishments 
rippling out to the market. In the future we 
expect recovery in this market to be slow 
and gradual.

‘ Despite the slower than 
anticipated market recovery,  
we were able to grow some 
product lines.’

In Europe, after a slow start, activity picked 
up towards the end of the year. In the UK, 
more projects were commissioned as water 
companies settled into the new regulatory 
period. Delays in financing in our other 
European markets led to a slowdown in 
product shipments. However, while projects 
were delayed, none were cancelled. 

With the exception of China, which 
remained healthy for most of the year, 
uncertainties around the economy and 
funding also affected our business in Asia 
Pacific, although in the final quarter of the 
year there were some signs of improvement.

New project orders (turnover):

Denitrification plant in China 

Electrochlorination in India 

£1m

£1.3m

Electrochlorination in Egypt  

Filtration blocks in Mexico 

£2.8m

£2.8m

Case study 
Growing business in Spain

Our acquisition of PS 
Apliclor SA near Barcelona 
in 2009 has resulted in 
several new orders in the 
country, such as a contract 
to supply Spain’s largest 
electrochlorination plant in 
Tarragona. The plant will 
improve water management 
in the region, which supplies 
140,000 residents with 
drinking water. This is a 
good working example of 
our acquisition strategy to 
create a European hub from 
which we can bring new 
Water Purification business 
to the rest of the region.

 
 
 
 
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Analytical Services
Our business continued to feel the effects  
of the UK slowdown, particularly in the 
commercial sector. We have just reached 
the end of the first full year of our 10 year 
contract with Yorkshire Water, using our new 
laboratory in Wakefield. During the year our 
Wakefield laboratory also took on some 
work from our Bridgend facility, where some 
testing was temporarily suspended following 
a DWI audit. The facility at Bridgend is fully 
operational, and with new accreditation 
following corrective action.

Continuous improvement
Operational efficiency
In a more challenging market environment 
our focus is on being more efficient. Our 
Products division has been moving our 
production to lower cost regions closer to 
our markets, rather than shipping them from 
the UK and US. This year we exceeded our 
target and made supply chain savings of 
£2.4 million on the previous year.

One of the ways we deal with price 
pressures in our Operating Services 
business is by offering energy management 
plans to our US customers. At no extra cost 
we review their energy use. This enables 
our customers to alter their processes and 
operating procedures and improve 
efficiency, benefiting both our customers 
and Severn Trent Services.

Operating Services  
adds £2.1 million through  
hub and spoke

We operate on a hub and 
spoke approach, looking for 
new business in the areas 
surrounding existing 
contracts. This proved 
particularly successful in 
Oklahoma where we 
expanded our presence  
in the area by signing three 
new multi year Operating 
Services contracts during  
the year, bringing in over 
£2.1 million revenue annually.

South America remains relatively strong 
with 36% year on year growth and a number 
of attractive orders, including two orders  
for filtration blocks in Mexico worth over 
£2.8 million.

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) 
region the global economic slowdown 
continued to adversely impact our business 
and several large projects were postponed 
due to delays in financing. During the last 
quarter the region was also impacted by 
social and political unrest.

Operating Services
Forced to find cost efficiencies, municipal 
utilities will sometimes look to public private 
partnerships. They need to make real 
savings from any outsourcing strategy,  
so our focus is on cost efficiency and 
continually improving our processes. In the 
US we increased our market position and 
were one of just two companies to report 
year on year revenue growth.

To support new business we have continued 
to selectively add people to our business 
development, new project proposals and 
technical support service teams. We expect 
to accelerate the investment in these same 
departments in the coming year to take 
advantage of the medium term growth 
potential in the US market. 

We also developed our presence in Ireland 
this year – an operate and maintain project 
in Limerick has been running for almost a 
year, and we have won and started work  
on a new contract for a waste water 
treatment plant in Letterkenny. In the rest  
of Europe, financing delayed some larger 
design-build-operate projects in the UK  
and Italy, which negatively impacted 
performance in the second half, although 
we continue to develop the project pipeline 
in both countries.

£336.1m

£0.4m 

turnover in 2010/11 

down on 2009/10

£25.7m

(down 10.5%) profit before interest,  
tax and exceptional items 

 
 
 
 
18

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review 
Severn Trent Services
Performance (continued)

Environment
As part of a global water company we 
understand the need to find innovative ways 
to reduce our impact on the environment 
and in turn, those of our clients and 
customers. We achieve this through careful 
management of our resources and waste 
water discharges, the way we operate our 
treatment sites and development of 
technologies. For the third consecutive year, 
we completed Site Energy Management 
Plans (SEMPs) for five major plants in our 
US Operating Services business. Our 
SEMPs evaluate several operating 
conditions to determine the most energy 
efficient treatment process. Several of our 
businesses are certified under ISO 
14001:2004, the international standard  
for environmental management systems, 
which we use to manage and minimise  
our impacts.

Many of our products and services help  
our customers improve their environmental 
performance and operate more efficiently. 
In the first year of our public private 
partnership to operate sewerage and waste 
water treatment plants for the City of 
Clinton, Oklahoma, we saved the city 
approximately £100,000 in operating 
expenses, improved compliance, got the 
plants operating more efficiently and made 

significant reductions in energy usage. In 
Italy we completed a green energy plant to 
generate electricity from biogas, produced 
by sewage sludge. We use the energy to 
run the treatment plant and sell any excess 
to the national energy grid.

People, health and safety
To meet the aims of our growth strategy, 
we need to recruit and develop a talented 
and motivated workforce and provide them 
with a safe and rewarding place to work. 
We were therefore delighted that in our 
employee engagement survey, Severn 
Trent Services outperformed many other 
industry and country benchmarks. Results 
of the independently run survey show that 
the majority of our employees are proud to 
work for us, and 90% feel we meet the 
needs of our customers.

Given our strategy to embed health and 
safety in all areas of our business we were 
particularly pleased that 95% of our 
employees take personal responsibility for 
working safely and 90% are aware of their 
responsibility to protect the environment.  
In January we set up a multi level task 
team to suggest ways we could continue  
to improve our health and safety 
performance, incorporating their 
recommendations into our health and 
safety plans for 2011/12. 

‘ Our organisation serves more than 38,000 
families in Haiti through our household 
water treatment programmes. Severn Trent 
Services’ donation of water disinfection 
equipment will improve our capacity to 
serve each of these families in an ongoing, 
sustainable way.’
Michael Ritter  
Co Founder and CEO of Deep Springs International 

90%

of employees feel we meet the needs  
of our customers

Case study 
Assisting in the effort to 
provide safe drinking water 
to the residents of Haiti

As part of a humanitarian 
campaign to enable ordinary 
citizens to treat their drinking 
water at the point of 
consumption, we donated  
11 portable electrolytic water 
disinfection systems to 
agencies working in Haiti. 
The units, which convert 
saltwater and energy into 
liquid sodium hypochlorite, 
are being used to disinfect 
drinking water.

Ten portable Sanilec® 
systems and one ClorTec® 
unit were donated to three 
humanitarian agencies 
working in Haiti: Operation 
Blessing International, Deep 
Springs International (DSI) 
and St. Damien Hospital. 
DSI seeks to alleviate 
poverty, illness and 
unemployment through an 
integrated and sustainable 
safe water programme. 
Operation Blessing 
International provides 
strategic disaster relief, 
medical aid, hunger relief, 
clean water and community 
development around the 
world, and St. Damien 
Hospital is a free paediatric 
hospital in Haiti.

The equipment allowed  
DSI to quickly set up bulk 
distribution of sodium 
hypochlorite solution in 
response to the cholera 
outbreak. In addition to the 
equipment, we provided 
technical support to optimise 
production. This support 
allowed DSI to treat over  
86 million litres of water.

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In the UK, Operating Services won two 
Gold awards from the Royal Society for the 
Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). 

Sustainability and growth
As a global leader in advanced water and 
waste water technology, it is vital we 
develop a strong pipeline of new 
technologies that meet a specific need in 
the market. It is equally important that our 
product portfolio meets and anticipates 
future regulatory standards. To that end we 
have been centralising product development 
across Severn Trent Services, ensuring 
that we focus our efforts on developing the 
right products in the right areas around the 
world. Our recent developments include 
two groundbreaking new products:

•  BALPURE® is a ballast water treatment 
system that received approval from  
the Marine Environment Protection 
Committee (MEPC) in October (see case 
study, right).

•  MicroDynamics® microwave ultraviolet 

technology uses microwave technology in 
the disinfection of waste water. We are the 
only company selling this kind of patented 
microwave technology, which is more 
efficient and leads to longer bulb life. 

We plan to continue to invest in the 
development of new products, to meet 
changing market demands and improve 
performance. 

‘ With a three year 
lamp life guarantee, 
the MicroDynamics® 
system offered the 
lowest overall 
operational costs 
and maintenance 
requirements of any 
UV technology we 
evaluated.’
Jim Newton,  
Environmental Programme Manager,  
Regional Waste Water Treatment Plant,  
Kent County, Delaware

Outlook
The second half of the year saw significant 
impacts from project delays in Europe, 
unrest in the Middle East and the impact 
from the Gulf of Mexico drilling moratorium. 
Although some countries in the Middle 
East are now moving forward and the 
moratorium has lifted, shipments are only 
slowly returning to normal. Financing will 
continue to be an issue in the coming year. 

The opportunity for sustained future growth 
in Severn Trent Services remains. Around 
60 ATOs in Italy are expected to move from 
the public to private sector in the medium 
term and the market for municipality 
outsourcing in the US is expected to double 
to c.$3 billion. In the Products arena 
MicroDynamics® and BALPURE® offer 
attractive medium and longer term growth. 
As a result, in 2011/12 we will be investing 
around £5 million in total, in our business 
development resources in the USA and 
Italy, and building our market and 
technology resources to support the launch 
of our BALPURE® and MicroDynamics® 
product lines. Our base business of 
Operating Services and Water Purification 
is expected to deliver increased top line 
growth year on year in 2011/12, despite 
current difficult market conditions, although 
the first six months may still be challenging. 
At the PBIT level, growth in the base 
business is expected to be offset by the 
investment in new opportunities, leaving 
Severn Trent Services PBIT in 2011/12 
lower year on year. Investment in these 
growth areas will, in the medium term, 
enable Severn Trent Services to deliver 
higher levels of sustainable growth.

Legislation in Italy will drive 
market activity for private 
partners investing in the 
country’s integrated water 
services (ATO) segment. We 
believe that our strong market 
presence gives us a great 
foundation to work from and 
expect to see an increase in our 
business here over the next 
several years.

Case study 
Tapping into a new  
market opportunity

International Maritime 
Organisation (IMO) 
regulations will soon require 
the treatment of ballast water 
before it is brought into ports 
worldwide. We have 
developed the patented 
BALPURE® system for the 
treatment of ballast water. 
The result is highly desirable 
technology that puts us at the 
forefront of ballast treatment 
solutions for larger vessels in 
an addressable market that is 
expected to be worth around 
£7 billion up to 2020 and 
around £450 million annually 
beyond that.

 
20

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review 
Looking forward

‘ The debate over  
the next 20 years 
will be about 
security of supply.’
Michael McKeon,  
Finance Director

Trent will face a shortfall of 232 million  
litres a day because of climate change  
and population growth if we do not do  
things differently. 

But this is not just a problem for Severn 
Trent; it is one for the nation as a whole. 
One change we would like to see is more 
water trading. Water companies could trade 
resources nationally using water from areas 
of lower cost to higher cost. With the right 
regulatory regime we believe it would be 
possible to use existing networks to move 
water from one region to another. 

Intelligent funding
There is no doubt that over the next 20 
years, the water industry will need to 
maintain significant investment in 
infrastructure in order to improve network 
resilience and reach higher environmental 
standards.

Initiatives like water trading and more flexible 
outcome-based regulation will help avoid 
unnecessary capital investment, but the 
sector’s continuing ability to deliver its 
investment programmes relies on its being 
able to fund them. We believe that 
continuing to finance the programme 
entirely from borrowing is unsustainable, 
putting pressure on credit ratings and 
passing on risk to customers. Equity 
participation remains as important as ever. 
Long term sustainable returns need to 
reflect this reality.

Since privatisation our industry 
has experienced two decades 
of improvement. But the world 
today is a very different place 
and if we are to meet our vision 
of creating a sustainable water 
industry, we need some 
changes. We are playing an 
active role in shaping the future 
of the water industry in the UK.

Severn Trent continues to address the 
medium and longer term challenges facing 
the industry and published its views in its 
publication ‘Changing Course’. This 
document is available for shareholders to 
read and copies may be obtained from the 
Company Secretary or electronically at 
www.severntrent.com. Some of the  
key highlights from that document are 
presented below.

Over the past 20 years our industry has 
seen improved customer standards, 
environmental performance and service 
quality, and become more efficient. Water 
companies have also successfully funded 
an investment programme valued at around 
£85 billion. However, these improvements 
have come at a cost. 

Customer bills have risen, energy use  
has increased by 113% and the industry  
as a whole is managing debts of some  
£33 billion. On top of that, the reality of 
climate change is already having an impact 
on our business. To carry on in the same 
way would not be sustainable. That is why 
we published our document Changing 
Course in 2010, setting out our position and 
outlining the six key changes we believe are 
needed to address the challenges we face.

Later this year the UK government is due to 
publish its White Paper. While we do not 
know what recommendations it will contain, 
we are pleased with the response to 
Changing Course and encouraged by the 
development of the debate over water 
trading and policy making. 

Climate change
Whether it’s the energy we use, the water 
we supply to our customers, or the quality  
of the diverse environment under our 
stewardship, our business both contributes 
to, and is affected by, climate change. On 
the question of water scarcity, our strategy is 
to reduce demand and improve the flexibility 
of our network before developing new 
sources. For instance, by encouraging our 
customers to use water sensibly we have 
one of the lowest per capita consumptions 
of water in the UK. 

However valuable these measures, they are 
not enough on their own. Water companies 
need to think differently in order to tackle 
climate change and arrive at more 
sustainable solutions.

Water trading
Changing weather patterns are predicted  
to lead to hotter, drier summers and wetter 
winters. This will mean less water being 
available at different times of the year. Our 
last Water Resources Management Plan 
showed that, over the next 25 years, Severn 

‘ We’re beyond the 
point of whether you 
believe in climate 
change or not.  
The reality is we  
are experiencing 
more extremes and 
we have to find 
ways to cope.’

Tony Wray,  
Chief Executive

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21

A digital version  
of the Changing 
Course report is 
available at  
www.stwater.co.uk

‘ …we are looking at how we can better 
reveal the true value of water to enable the 
sectors to make better, more sustainable 
decisions. For example, we are exploring 
how abstraction and water trading can 
contribute to this.’
Regina Finn, Chief Executive, Ofwat 
Ofwat Annual Report 2009/10

‘ The companies will 
need to plan, 
innovate and deliver 
services in new and 
more sustainable 
ways. And that 
means the regulatory 
environment we 
provide needs to 
change as well.’
Phillip Fletcher, Chairman, Ofwat  
Ofwat Annual Report 2009/10

Competition and consolidation
Bringing about the kind of changes we 
believe our industry needs would require a 
change in the structure and regulation of the 
water sector. The framework of incentives 
and output setting under the existing regime 
can mean that more sustainable solutions 
are overlooked in favour of capital intensive 
solutions. Faced with the choice of sourcing 
low-cost water elsewhere or building a 
reservoir, companies often opt to build a 
reservoir. This then becomes part of the 
regulated asset base, allowing water 
companies to increase pricing. 

We believe it would be better to encourage 
sustainable solutions that benefit customers 
and the environment. A gradual move 
towards a market-based framework and 
competition within the sector would enable 
water companies to make best use of 
resources nationally rather than regionally. 
Such a move would help maintain investors’ 
confidence in our industry and avoid an 
increase in the cost of capital. 

As a water company we are unusual in that 
we are already able to supply water to large 
commercial and industrial companies 
across England and Wales through Severn 
Trent Services. Our expertise in commercial 
markets, together with our confidence about 
embracing the future and our operational, 
financial and strategic strength mean we are 
well placed to adapt to any structural or 
regulatory changes in our industry. Indeed, 
we are looking forward to the opportunities 
the future will bring, both in the regulated 
and commercial spheres.

Changing course – six key 
changes required to meet 
future challenges

Policy changes
•  More flexible 

implementation of EU 
Directives to ensure a 
better trade off between 
costs and carbon 
emissions

•  Developing competition 
through water trading;  
this would also optimise 
resources nationally rather 
than just regionally

Regulatory changes
•  A more flexible approach 

to environmental consents 
to allow for more cost 
effective approaches

•  An improved price setting 

process to provide the right 
incentives for sustainable 
financing, more 
sustainable solutions and 
increased innovation

Industry changes
•  Companies must take the 
lead in driving innovation, 
both in terms of the 
strategic and technical 
solutions they pursue and 
in shaping the wider 
direction the sector takes

Changes to the institutional 
framework
•  Government should 

prioritise national policy 
outcomes and ensure the 
regulatory framework is  
set up to deliver them

 
22

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review 
Financial review

Group financial performance
We are now some two years on from the full effect of the financial 
crisis and many, but not all, financial activities and markets have 
returned to what may be considered normal levels. However, we are 
yet to see the return of a fully functioning commercial paper market 
and have continued to support our liquidity position by holding cash 
reserves from earlier bond market issuances. In other areas, we are 
yet to see any material effect on the finances of our customer base 
from the package of measures the UK Government has announced 
on public spending. Indeed, we have improved our customer 
collections performance year on year. The ability of domestic and 
commercial customers alike to support their water bills in this new 
environment has yet to be seen, though we remain confident that 
our debt recovery processes are in good shape to address any 
challenge that may arise.

PBIT is profit before interest and tax; underlying PBIT is PBIT 
excluding exceptional items as set out in note 8.

Group turnover was £1,711.3 million (£1,703.9 million), an increase 
of 0.4% over last year. Severn Trent Water’s prices were reduced by 
an average of 0.7% but measured consumption increased so that 
turnover was broadly similar to the prior year.

Underlying group PBIT decreased by 6.8% to £519.1 million (£557.1 
million). The primary factors affecting underlying PBIT are described 
in the commentary on Severn Trent Water and Severn Trent 
Services below. There were net exceptional charges of £21.4 million 
(£49.7 million). Group PBIT decreased 1.9% to £497.7 million 
(£507.4 million).

Severn Trent Water
Turnover in Severn Trent Water increased by 0.3% in 2010/11  
to £1,389.8 million. Sales prices decreased by 0.7% (including 
inflation) from 1 April 2010. In the first half of the year consumption 
was higher period on period, as a result of strong household and 
robust commercial consumption. The second half of the year 
showed a more normal period on period declining trend, leading to 
the 0.3% increase in turnover over the full year.

Underlying PBIT decreased by 6.9% on the previous year to £503.7 
million. Beyond the increase in turnover of £4.5 million, a number of 
factors impacted underlying PBIT. Employee costs decreased by 
£8.1 million as lower headcount offset higher pension costs but hired 
and contracted services were £9.8 million higher. Depreciation 
increased by £16.4 million due to the growing asset base and write 
down of £6.4 million on one experimental sludge dryer. There was a 
reduction in infrastructure renewals expenditure of £7.6 million. Own 
work capitalised was £21.2 million lower in line with the lower levels 
of capital expenditure in the year. Bad debts were £1.4 million lower 
and other costs increased by £11.8 million.

During the financial year, Severn Trent Water invested £405.3 million 
(UK GAAP net of grants and contributions) in fixed assets and 
maintaining and improving its infrastructure network. Included in this 
total was net infrastructure renewals expenditure of £96.9 million, 
charged to the income statement under IFRS.

Severn Trent Services

Turnover
Services as reported
Impact of exchange rate fluctuations
Like for like businesses in constant 
currency

Underlying PBIT
Services as reported
Impact of exchange rate fluctuations
Like for like businesses in constant 
currency

2011 
£m

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
%

2010 
£m

336.1 
– 
336.1 

336.5 
(4.4)
332.1 

(0.1%)

1.2%

2011 
£m

25.7
– 
25.7 

Increase/ 
(decrease) 
%

2010 
£m

28.7 
(0.3)
28.4 

(10.5%)

(9.5%)

Reported turnover in Severn Trent Services was £336.1 million  
in 2010/11, a decrease of 0.1% vs. the prior year, and reported 
underlying PBIT decreased by 10.5% to £25.7 million.

After adjusting for the impact of exchange rate fluctuations, turnover 
on a constant currency basis increased 1.2% but underlying PBIT 
measured on the same basis was down 9.5%. The first half year 
saw profits rise period on period but the second half was impacted 
by the factors mentioned in the operating review.

Operating Services
Turnover for the year was £201.3 million, a decrease of 3.2% 
compared to the prior year on a constant currency basis. In the US 
and UK the Operating Services businesses broadly maintained their 
levels of activity from the previous year. However, the business was 
impacted by project delays in Italy and reduced activity in our 
metering services and searches businesses in the UK, both of 
which are driven to some extent by the housing market.

Water Purification
Turnover for the year was £105.6 million, an increase of 9.2% 
compared to the prior year on a constant currency basis. However, 
the strong growth experienced in the first half of the year did not 
continue into the second half of the year and turnover in the second 
half of 2010/11 was at broadly the same level as the same period in 
the previous year.

Analytical Services
Turnover for the year was £29.2 million, an increase of 6.2%.  
This represented an improvement due to growth in revenue  
from new contracts.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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23

Corporate and other
Corporate overheads amounted to £9.2 million (£12.7 million). Our 
captive insurance company and other businesses generated a loss 
of £0.6 million (loss of £2.3 million). The group’s captive insurance 
company insures Severn Trent group risks only and does not write 
any external business.

Exceptional items
There were net exceptional charges in the year to 31 March 2011  
of £21.4 million (£49.7 million) comprising:

Restructuring costs:

•  a charge of £13.0 million in Severn Trent Water arising from 
programmes to restructure and realign the business; and

•  a charge of £0.7 million in Severn Trent Services from the 

programmes to restructure the Water Purification and Analytical 
Services businesses.

Regulatory matters:

•  a charge of £3.8 million in Severn Trent Services arising from  
the group’s response to an audit in September 2010 by the 
Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) of aspects of the services 
provided by Severn Trent Laboratories Limited from its Bridgend 
laboratory; and

•  a charge of £3.9 million in Corporate overheads arising from the 
group’s response to a request from Ofwat to provide certain 
information under the Competition Act in connection with Severn 
Trent Laboratories Limited’s contracts with Severn Trent Water 
Limited and certain other water companies.

Net finance costs
The group’s net finance costs were £230.6 million, compared to 
£218.8 million in the prior year. The group has fixed the interest rate 
of its non index-linked debt for the five year period to March 2015. 
The group’s cost of index-linked debt is however linked to the 
movement in the Retail Prices Index (RPI). This debt provides an 
economic hedge for Severn Trent Water’s revenues and regulatory 
asset values that are also RPI linked under its regulatory regime. 
The increase in the full interest charge is therefore largely due to 
higher interest charges on index-linked debt as inflation was higher 
than the prior year and in addition, average group net debt 
increased during the year. The effective interest rate for 2010/11  
was 6.4% (5.8%) of which cash interest cost is 5.0% vs 5.4% in  
the prior year.

Profit before tax
Underlying group profit before tax decreased by 14.7% to £288.6 
million (£338.4 million). Group profit before tax was £253.0 million 
(£334.4 million).

Taxation 
The total tax credit for the full year was £21.5 million (charge of 
£82.9 million), of which current tax represented a charge of £32.1 
million (£40.7 million) and deferred tax was a credit of £53.6 million 
(£42.2 million).

A prior year tax credit amounting to £34.4 million arose during the 
year, mainly as a result of the agreement of open tax positions 
covering a number of years.

The effective rate of current tax, excluding prior year items and 
exceptional items, calculated on profit before tax, exceptional items 
and gains/(losses) on financial instruments was 24.4% (22.6%). The 
change in effective rate is as a result of lower capital allowances in 
Severn Trent Water.

Going forward, we expect the effective current tax rate for 2011/12  
to be in the range of 26% to 27%.

Profit for the period and earnings per share
Profit for the period was £274.5 million (£251.5 million).

Basic earnings per share were 115.2 pence (105.6 pence).  
Adjusted basic earnings per share (before exceptional items,  
gains/(losses) on financial instruments and deferred tax) were  
105.6 pence (122.8 pence).

Cash flow

Cash generated from operations
Net capital expenditure
Net interest paid
Tax (paid)/received
Other cash flows
Free cash flow
Acquisitions and disposals
Dividends
Net issue of shares
Change in net debt from cash flows
Non cash movements
Change in net debt
Net debt 1 April
Net debt at 31 March 

Net debt comprises:
Cash and cash equivalents
Cross currency swaps hedging debt
Bank loans
Other loans
Finance leases

2011 
£m

2010 
£m

753.0 
(399.5)
(180.3)
(32.4)
(1.5)
139.3 
–
(169.4)
2.7 
(27.4)
(80.0)
(107.4)

708.0 
(487.8)
(194.2)
(53.8)
(1.6)
(29.4)
(11.0)
(159.7)
2.4 
(197.7)
(3.8)
(201.5)
(3,761.4) (3,559.9)
(3,868.8)
(3,761.4)

315.2 
160.4 
(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)
(3,868.8)

227.8 
187.3 
(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)
(3,761.4)

 
 
 
 
 
24

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Business review 
Financial review (continued)

Cash generated from operations was £753 million (£708 million). 
Capital expenditure net of grants and proceeds of sales of fixed 
assets was £399.5 million (£487.8 million). Net interest paid 
decreased to £180.3 million (£194.2 million).

Net debt at 31 March 2011 was £3,868.8 million (£3,761.4 million). 
Balance sheet gearing (net debt/net debt plus equity) at the year 
end was 77.8% (79.9%). Net debt, expressed as a percentage of 
Regulatory Capital Value at 31 March 2011 was 57% (58%). The 
group’s net interest charge, excluding gains/(losses) on financial 
instruments and net finance costs from pensions, was covered 3.5 
times (3.9 times) by profit before interest, tax, depreciation and 
exceptional items, and 2.3 times (2.7 times) by underlying PBIT.

The fair value of the group’s borrowings at 31 March 2011 is 
estimated to be £4,671.8 million (£4,267.9 million) compared to the 
book value of £4,344.4 million (£4,176.5 million). The group’s debt 
instruments are not traded in an active market and hence the fair 
value disclosed above is based on a theoretical discounted cash 
flow calculation and does not represent an estimate of the amount 
for which the debt could be settled.

Treasury management and liquidity
The group continues to monitor liquidity carefully. At 31 March 2011 
the group had £315.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. The 
group also has an undrawn £500 million committed bank facility of 
which £41.7 million expires in 2012 with the balance maturing in 
2013. Average debt maturity is around 16 years. The group is 
funded for its investment and cash flow needs up to March 2013.

Cash is invested in deposits with highly rated (A+) banks and 
liquidity funds and the list of counterparties is regularly reviewed and 
reported to the board.

Treasury policy and operations
Our treasury affairs are managed centrally and in accordance  
with our Treasury Procedures Manual and Policy Statement. The 
treasury operation’s role is to manage liquidity, funding, investment 
and our financial risk, including risk from volatility in interest and (to a 
lesser extent) currency rates and counterparty credit risk. The board 
determines matters of treasury policy and its approval is required for 
certain treasury transactions.

Our strategy is to access a broad range of sources of finance  
to obtain both the quantum required and lowest cost compatible  
with the need for continued availability. Our principal operating 
subsidiary, Severn Trent Water, is a long term business 
characterised by multi year investment programmes. Our strategic 
funding objectives reflect this and the liquidity position and the 
availability of committed funding are essential to meeting our 
objectives and obligations. We therefore aim for a balance of long 
term funding or commitment of funds across a range of funding 
sources at the best possible economic cost.

The group’s current policy for the management of interest rate risk 
requires that no less than 45% of the group’s borrowings should be 
at fixed interest rates, or hedged through the use of interest rate 
swaps or forward rate agreements. At 31 March 2011, interest rates 
for some 76% of the group’s net debt of £3,868.8 million were fixed 
in this way.

We use financial derivatives solely to manage risks associated with 
our normal business activities. We do not hold or issue derivative 
financial instruments for financial trading.

Except for debt raised in foreign currency, which is fully hedged, our 
business does not involve significant exposure to foreign exchange 
transactions. We have investments in various assets denominated 
in foreign currencies, principally the US dollar and the euro. Our 
current policy is to hedge an element of the currency translation risk 
associated with certain foreign currency denominated assets.

We have entered into energy swaps that fix the cost of substantially 
all of Severn Trent Water’s expected net electricity consumption for 
the next three years and part of its anticipated consumption for the 
following year. The price fixed in these swaps is lower than the 
amount assumed in the Final Determination for AMP5. 

The group issues notes in foreign currency under its EMTN 
programme and uses cross currency swaps to convert the proceeds 
to sterling. The effect of these swaps is that interest and principal 
payments on the borrowings are denominated in sterling and hence 
the currency risk is eliminated. The foreign currency notes and the 
cross currency swaps are recorded in the balance sheet at their fair 
values and the changes in fair values are taken to gains/(losses) on 

Maturity profile of gross debt (£ millions)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
2011

2016

2021

2026

2031

2036

2041

2046

2051

2056

2061

2066

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Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

25

financial instruments in the profit and loss account. Since the terms 
of the swaps closely match those of the underlying notes, such 
changes tend to be broadly equal and opposite.

The group holds interest rate swaps with a net notional principal 
amount of £462.3 million and cross currency swaps with a net 
notional principal amount of £536.6 million which economically act 
to hedge the interest rate risk on floating rate debt or the exchange 
rate risk on certain foreign currency borrowings. However, the 
swaps do not meet the hedge accounting rules of IAS 39 and 
therefore these swaps are carried in the balance sheet at fair value. 
The changes in fair value are taken to gains/(losses) on financial 
instruments in the profit and loss account. During the period there 
has been a decrease of £15.7 million in the fair value of these 
instruments. 

It is important to note that we intend to, and typically do hold these 
swaps to maturity. Further, this is not a cash movement and, over 
the life of the swaps, these changes in fair value will net out.

Credit ratings
Our long term credit ratings are:

Long term ratings

Moody’s
Standard and Poor’s

Severn  
Trent Plc

Severn  
Trent Water

Baa1 
BBB-

A3
BBB+

Further details of our borrowings, investments and financial 
instruments are contained in note 32 to the financial statements.

Pensions
The group operates two defined benefit pension schemes, of which 
the Severn Trent Pension Scheme (STPS) is by far the largest. 
Formal triennial actuarial valuations and funding agreements for the 
STPS are in the course of being renewed as at 31 March 2010. The 
key actuarial assumptions from these valuations have been updated 
for the accounts as at 31 March 2011 with overall contribution levels 
remaining unchanged, including deficit reduction payments of £10 
million per annum, until new agreements are agreed.

On an IAS 19 basis, the estimated net position (before deferred tax) 
of the group’s defined benefit pension schemes was a deficit of 
£292.1 million as at 31 March 2011. This compares to a deficit of 
£354.9 million as at 31 March 2010.

On an IAS 19 basis, the funding level has increased from around 
79.7% at 31 March 2010 to around 83.5% at 31 March 2011.

Price inflation
Salary increases
Pension increases in payment
Pension increases in deferment
Discount rate
Long term rate of return on equities
Age to which current pensioners aged 65 are 
expected to live
– men
– women
Age to which future pensioners aged 45 at the 
balance sheet date are expected to live
– men
– women

2011 
%

3.50 
4.00 
3.50 
3.50 
5.60 
7.85 

2010 
%

3.60 
4.10 
3.60 
3.60 
5.70 
8.00 

87.4 
91.0 

85.3
88.6

88.0 
91.8 

86.5 
89.6 

The following table summarises the estimated impact on scheme 
liabilities resulting from changes to key actuarial assumptions whilst 
holding all other assumptions constant.

Assumption

Change in assumption

Impact on  
scheme liabilities

Discount rate

Price inflation

Mortality

Increase/decrease  
by 0.1%
Increase/decrease  
by 0.1%
Increase in life 
expectancy by 1 year

Decrease/increase 
by £30 million
Increase/decrease  
by £25 million
Increase  
by £45 million

On 11 May 2011, Severn Trent announced it is consulting with its 
6,000 plus UK employees on proposed changes to its pension 
arrangements, which would see all existing pensions replaced by 
one new defined contribution scheme. Under the new proposals, 
the defined benefit schemes would close to future accrual, whilst 
protecting the benefits already built up by members. The existing 
defined contribution scheme would also be replaced by the new 
pension arrangements. The proposal is to automatically enrol new 
employees into the new pension from 2012 and automatically enrol 
those employees who are not currently members of a Severn Trent 
scheme from 2013. Severn Trent is consulting with its employees 
from June for three months, with changes introduced no earlier  
than April 2012.

Accounting Policies and presentation of the financial statements
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards that have been 
endorsed by the European Union. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
26

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Directors’ report

The directors present their report, together with the audited financial 
statements of the group, for the year ended 31 March 2011.

Principal activity
The principal activity of the group is to provide and treat water and 
remove waste water in the UK and internationally.

Details of the principal joint ventures, associated and subsidiary 
undertakings of the group at 31 March 2011 appear in notes 19,  
20 and 40 to the financial statements on pages 83 and 111.

Business review
The Chairman’s statement, the Chief Executive’s review,  
the report and performance reviews for the group’s main 
businesses and the financial review on pages 10 to 25 provide 
detailed information relating to the group and its strategy, the 
operation of its businesses and the results and financial position 
for the year ended 31 March 2011.

Details of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the group are 
set out in the risk and assurance section on pages 56 to 58.

All of the above are incorporated by reference in (and are deemed  
to form part of) this report.

Directors and their interests
Biographies of the directors currently serving on the board are set 
out on pages 30 and 31.

Details of changes to the board during the year and of the directors 
offering themselves for reappointment at the Annual General Meeting 
(AGM) are set out in the Chairman’s letter on pages 33 to 38.

Details of directors’ service agreements are set out in the Directors’ 
remuneration report on page 50. The interests of the directors in the 
shares of the company are shown on pages 52 to 55 of that report.

Directors’ indemnities
The company’s articles of association provide that directors of the 
company shall be indemnified by the company against any costs 
incurred by them in carrying out their duties, including defending any 
proceedings brought against them arising out of their positions as 
directors in which they are acquitted or judgment is given in their 
favour or relief from any liability is granted to them by the court.

Employees
The average number of employees within the group is shown in 
note 9 to the financial statements on page 76.

Severn Trent believes that a diverse and inclusive culture is a key 
factor in being a successful business. Apart from ensuring an 
individual has the ability to do the job we do not discriminate in any 
way and make every effort to ensure that those with disabilities are 
able to be employed by us. We ensure that training, career 
development and promotion opportunities are available for all our 
employees irrespective of their gender, race, age or disability.

The group actively encourages employee involvement and 
consultation and places emphasis on keeping its employees 
informed of its activity and financial performance by way of briefings 
and publication to staff of all relevant information and corporate 
announcements. To help develop employees’ interest in the 
company’s performance, Severn Trent offers two employee share 
plans. The Severn Trent Sharesave Scheme, an HM Revenue and 
Customs approved SAYE plan, is offered to UK employees on an 
annual basis. The Severn Trent Share Incentive Plan, approved by 

HM Revenue and Customs, makes an annual award of shares to 
Severn Trent Plc and Severn Trent Water Limited employees, based 
on performance against the KPIs.

Research and development
Expenditure on research and development is set out in note 7 to the 
accounts on page 75.

Treasury management
The disclosures required under the EU Fair Value Directive in 
relation to the use of financial instruments by the company are set 
out in note 32 to the accounts on pages 92 to 103. Further details  
on our treasury policy and management are set out in the financial 
review on page 24.

Post balance sheet events
Details of post balance sheet events are set out in note 38 to the 
group financial statements on page 110.

Dividends
An interim dividend of 26.04 pence per ordinary share was paid on 
14 January 2011. The directors recommend a final dividend of 39.05 
pence per ordinary share to be paid on 29 July 2011 to shareholders 
on the register on 24 June 2011. This would bring the total dividend 
for 2010/11 to 65.09 pence per ordinary share (2010: 72.32 pence). 
The payment of the final dividend is subject to shareholder approval 
at the AGM.

Capital structure
Details of the company’s issued share capital and of the movements 
during the year are shown in note 29 to the financial statements on 
page 91. The company has one class of ordinary shares which 
carries no right to fixed income. Each share carries the right to one 
vote at general meetings of the company. The issued nominal value 
of the ordinary shares is 100% of the total issued nominal value of 
all share capital.

There are no specific restrictions on the size of a holding nor on  
the transfer of shares, which are both governed by the general 
provisions of the articles of association and prevailing legislation. 
The directors are not aware of any agreements between holders of 
the company’s shares that may result in restrictions on the transfer 
of securities or on voting rights.

Details of employee share schemes are set out in note 33 to the 
financial statements on pages 103 to 107. For shares held by the 
Severn Trent Employee Share Ownership Trust, the trustee abstains 
from voting.

No person has any special rights of control over the company’s 
share capital and all issued shares are fully paid.

With regard to the appointment and replacement of directors, the 
company is governed by its articles of association, the Combined 
Code on Corporate Governance, the Companies Act 2006 and 
related legislation. The articles may be amended by special 
resolution of the shareholders. The powers of directors are 
described in the Board Governance document, the articles and the 
Chairman’s letter on pages 33 to 38.

Under its articles of association, the directors have authority to allot 
ordinary shares, subject to the aggregate nominal amount limit set 
at the 2010 AGM.

There are a number of agreements that take effect after, or 
terminate upon, a change of control of the company, such as 

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

27

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commercial contracts, bank loan agreements, property lease 
arrangements and employee share plans. None of these is 
considered to be significant in terms of their likely impact on the 
business of the group as a whole. There are no agreements 
between the company and its directors or employees that provide 
for compensation for loss of office or employment that occurs 
because of a takeover bid.

Substantial shareholdings
As at 23 May 2011 the company had been notified in accordance 
with chapter 5 of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the 
following major shareholdings:

Name of holder

Norges Bank 
Legal & General Group Plc
Aegon Asset Management 

Percentages rounded to two decimal places

Percentage of 
voting rights and 
issued share 
capital

3.98%
3.97%
3.04%

No. of ordinary 
shares of  
9717/19p each

9,438,492
9,403,273
7,214,266

Authority to purchase shares
The company was given authority at its AGM in 2010 to make 
market purchases of ordinary shares up to a maximum number  
of 23,697,346 shares. Similar authority will again be sought from 
shareholders at this year’s AGM. No market purchases were made 
by the company during the year ended 31 March 2011.

Supplier payment policy
Individual operating companies within the group are responsible for 
establishing appropriate policies with regard to the payment of their 
suppliers. The companies agree terms and conditions under which 
business transactions with suppliers are conducted. It is group 
policy that provided a supplier is complying with the relevant terms 
and conditions, including the prompt and complete submission of all 
specified documentation, payment will be made in accordance with 
agreed terms. It is also group policy to ensure that suppliers know 
the terms on which payment will take place when business is 
agreed. Details of supplier payment policies can be obtained from 
the individual companies at the addresses shown in note 40 to the 
financial statements on page 111. Trade creditors for the group at 
the year end are estimated as representing 24.4 days’ purchases 
(2010: 44.1 days’ purchases).

Contributions for political and charitable purposes
Donations to charitable organisations during the year amounted to 
£181,843 (2010: £326,382). Donations are given to charities whose 
projects align closely with our aim to promote the responsible use  
of water resources and waste water services which provide the 

Analysis of shareholdings at 31 March 2011

Category

Individual and 
joint accounts
Other*
Total

Number of 
shareholders

% of 
shareholders

Number of  
shares

%  
of shares

67,072
6,774
73,846

90.83
9.17
100.00

26,250,821
210,891,713
237,142,534

11.07
88.93
100.00

* 

Includes insurance companies, nominee companies, banks, pension funds, other 
corporate bodies, limited and public limited companies

opportunity for longer term partnerships. In addition we provide 
donations to employee nominated charities through a matched 
funding scheme and health and safety reward schemes. We are 
also committed to supporting WaterAid, the UK’s only major charity 
dedicated to improving access to safe water, hygiene and sanitation 
in the world’s poorest countries.

In 2008/09 a provision of £5 million was established for additional 
contributions to the Severn Trent Charitable Trust as agreed with 
Ofwat. Severn Trent Water paid £2 million additional contributions in 
that year and a further £2 million in 2009/10. The remaining £1 million 
was paid in 2010/11 (provided for in previous years), to the Severn 
Trent Trust Fund which helps people out of poverty and debt.

Severn Trent’s policy is not to make any donations for political 
purposes in the UK, or to donate to EU political parties or incur EU 
political expenditure. Accordingly neither Severn Trent Plc nor its 
subsidiaries made any political donations or incurred political 
expenditure in the financial year under review.

Under the provisions of the Political Parties Elections and 
Referendums Act 2000 (the relevant provisions of which are now 
contained in Part 14 of the Companies Act 2006), shareholder 
authority is required for political donations to be made or political 
expenditure to be incurred by the company or any of its subsidiaries 
in the EU and disclose any such payments in the annual report.  
The legislation gives a wide definition of what constitutes political 
donations and political expenditure including sponsorship, 
subscriptions, payment of expenses, paid leave for employees 
fulfilling public duties and support for bodies representing the 
business community in policy review or reform. The company  
has therefore obtained limited authority from shareholders as a 
precautionary measure to allow the company to continue supporting 
the community and such organisations without inadvertently 
breaching the legislation.

At the 2010 AGM, shareholders gave the company authorities to 
make political donations or to incur political expenditure in the EU 
(which would not ordinarily be regarded as political donations) up  
to an aggregate annual limit of £50,000 for the company and its 
subsidiaries. Pursuant to those authorities, during the year ended  
31 March 2011 the group incurred costs of £nil (2010: £nil). Those 
authorities will expire at the 2011 AGM and, in line with market 
practice to renew the authorities on an annual basis, the board has 
decided to put forward a resolution to this year’s AGM to renew the 
authorities to make donations to political organisations and to incur 
political expenditure up to a maximum of £50,000 per annum.  
As permitted under the Companies Act 2006, this resolution also 
covers any political donations made, or political expenditure 
incurred, by any subsidiaries of the company.

Size of holding

1–500
501–1,000 
1,001–5,000
5,001–10,000 
10,001–25,000
25,001–50,000
Over 50,000
Total

Number of 
shareholders

% of 
shareholders

Number of  
shares

%  
of shares

54,416
12,947
5,452
311
196
138
386
73,846

10,730,367
73.69
9,353,906
17.53
9,932,847
7.38
2,162,766
0.42
3,214,558
0.27
5,157,229
0.19
0.52 196,590,861
237,142,534

100.00

4.52
3.94
4.19
0.91
1.36
2.17
82.91
100.00

 
28

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Directors’ report (continued)

Internal controls
The board is responsible for the group’s system of internal control 
and for reviewing its effectiveness. The board reviews the 
effectiveness of the system of internal control, including financial, 
operational and compliance and risk management, at least annually 
in accordance with the requirements of the Combined Code for 
effectiveness and adequacy. The internal control system can only 
provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss, as it is designed to manage rather than 
eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives.

The Audit Committee reviews the group’s risk management process 
and the effectiveness of the system of internal control on behalf of 
the board and keeps under review ways in which to enhance the 
control and audit arrangements. The Audit Committee receives 
reports every six months from the Chief Executive detailing the 
significant risks and uncertainties faced by the group, an 
assessment of the effectiveness of controls over each of those  
risks and an action plan to improve controls where this has been 
assessed as necessary. During the course of its review of the 
system of internal control in 2010/11, the Audit Committee has not 
identified nor been advised of any failings or weaknesses which it 
has determined to be significant. Therefore a confirmation in respect 
of necessary actions has not been considered appropriate.

The Internal Audit department provides objective assurance and 
advice on risk management and control. The external auditor also 
reports on significant financial control issues to this committee.

The board confirms that procedures providing an ongoing process 
for identifying, evaluating and managing the principal risks and 
uncertainties faced by the group have been in place for the year to 
31 March 2011 and up to the date of approval of the Annual Report, 
which is in accordance with the revised guidance on internal control 
published in October 2005 (the Turnbull Guidance).

External auditor
In the case of each of the persons who were directors of the 
company at the date when this report was approved:

•  so far as each of the directors is aware, there is no relevant audit 

information of which the company’s auditor is unaware; and

•  each of the directors has taken all the steps that he/she ought to 
have taken as a director to make himself/herself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s 
auditor is aware of that information.

Relevant audit information means information needed by the 
company’s auditor in connection with preparing its report.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance 
with the provisions of section 418 of the Companies Act 2006.

Deloitte LLP have indicated their willingness to continue as auditor. 
A resolution to reappoint Deloitte LLP will be proposed at this  
year’s AGM.

The Audit Committee has recommended to the board the 
reappointment of Deloitte LLP and a resolution to that effect will  
be on the agenda at the AGM. The Audit Committee will also be 
responsible for determining the audit fee on behalf of the board.

Accounts of Severn Trent Water Limited
Regulatory accounts for Severn Trent Water Limited are prepared 
and sent to Ofwat. A copy of these accounts will be available from 

the website of Severn Trent Water Limited (www.stwater.co.uk) or on 
written request to the Company Secretary (at the address given on 
the back cover). There is no charge for this publication.

Going concern
The group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to 
affect its future development, performance and position are set out 
in the Chief Executive’s review on pages 6 and 7 and the business 
reviews of Severn Trent Water and Severn Trent Services on  
pages 8 to 19. The financial position of the group, its cash flows, 
liquidity position and borrowing facilities are described in the 
Financial review on pages 22 to 25. The group’s objectives,  
policies and processes for managing its capital and its financial  
risk management objectives are described in the Financial review 
and in the Governance report on pages 26 to 58. Details of the 
group’s financial instruments, hedging activities and exposure to 
credit risk and liquidity risk are described in note 32 to the group 
financial statements.

The group’s principal operating subsidiary, Severn Trent Water, is a 
regulated long term business characterised by multi year investment 
programmes. The group’s strategic funding objectives reflect this. 
The group therefore seeks to attain a balance of long term funding 
or commitment of funds across a range of funding at the best 
possible economic cost. Average debt maturity is 16 years and the 
effective average interest cost during the year was 6.4%. The group 
is in a strong liquidity position with £315.2 million in cash and liquid 
reserves and £500 million of undrawn committed bank facilities, 
which are expected to be sufficient to fund its investment and cash 
flow needs until March 2013 in the normal course of business. 

Severn Trent Water operates in an industry that is currently subject 
to economic regulation rather than market competition. Ofwat, the 
economic regulator, has a statutory obligation to set price limits that 
it believes will enable the water companies to finance their activities. 
As a consequence the directors believe that the group is well placed 
to manage its business risks successfully despite the current 
uncertain economic outlook.

After making enquiries, the directors have a reasonable expectation 
that the company and the group have adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 
Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in 
preparing the Annual Report and Accounts.

Annual general meeting
The AGM of the company will be held at the International Convention 
Centre, Broad Street, Birmingham B1 2EA at 11am on Wednesday 
20 July 2011. The notice convening the meeting, together with details 
of the business to be considered and explanatory notes for each 
resolution, is distributed separately to shareholders. It is also available 
on the company’s website (www.severntrent.com).

By order of the board

Fiona Smith 
General Counsel and Company Secretary 
26 May 2011

Governance
Directors’ responsibility statement

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

29

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that 
the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. 

They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of 
the corporate and financial information included on the company’s 
website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ 
from legislation in other jurisdictions.

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:

•  the financial statements, prepared in accordance with the relevant 

financial reporting framework, give a true and fair view of the 
assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the 
company and the undertakings included in the consolidation 
taken as a whole; and

•  the management report, which is incorporated into the directors’ 

report, includes a fair review of the development and performance 
of the business and the position of the company and the 
undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole, 
together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties 
that they face.

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Andrew Duff 
Chairman 

Michael McKeon
Finance Director

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report, 
Directors’ remuneration report and the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare such financial 
statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors are 
required to prepare group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by 
the European Union and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation and have 
chosen to prepare the parent company financial statements in 
accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting 
Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable 
law). Under company law the directors must not approve the 
accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the 
company for that period. 

In preparing the parent company financial statements, the directors 
are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them 

consistently;

•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable 

and prudent;

•  state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been 

followed subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements; and

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will 
continue in business.

In preparing these financial statements, International Accounting 
Standard 1 requires that the directors: 

•  properly select and apply accounting policies;

•  present information, including accounting policies, in a manner 

that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable 
information;

•  provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific 

requirements in IFRSs are insufficient to enable users to 
understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and 
conditions on the entity’s financial position and financial 
performance; and

•  make an assessment of the company’s ability to continue as a 

going concern.

30

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance 
Board of directors

Severn Trent Plc board of directors as at 31 March 2011

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5

9

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6

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11

Board committees

Management committee

  A

  R

  C

  N

  E

Audit 
Committee 
Baroness Noakes (C)* 
Dr Bernard Bulkin* 
Richard Davey* 
Kerry Porritt (S)

Remuneration 
Committee
Richard Davey (C)* 
Dr Bernard Bulkin* 
Andrew Duff* 
Martin Lamb*
Fiona Smith (S)

(C) Chairman  
(S) Secretary  
( * ) Non-executive director

Corporate 
Responsibility  
Committee
Dr Bernard Bulkin (C)* 
Andrew Duff* 
Gordon Fryett* 
Tony Wray 
Kerry Porritt (S)

Nominations 
Committee
Andrew Duff (C)* 
Dr Bernard Bulkin* 
Richard Davey*
Gordon Fryett* 
Martin Lamb* 
Baroness Noakes* 
Tony Wray 
Fiona Smith (S)

Executive 
Committee
Tony Wray (C) 
Dr Tony Ballance
Simon Cocks 
Evelyn Dickey
Len Graziano
Myron Hrycyk
Martin Kane
Michael McKeon
Alec Richmond
Andy Smith
Fiona Smith

Senior independent 
non-executive director
Richard Davey* 

General Counsel and 
Company Secretary
Fiona Smith

 
 
 
 
Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

31

1. Dr Tony Ballance BSc 
(Hons) MA (Econ) PhD (46)
Director, Strategy and 
Regulation
Appointed to the board in  
October 2007.
Tony’s extensive experience in utility 
policy and regulation working for Ofwat 
as Chief Economist and then as an 
economic consultant leaves him ideally 
placed to lead the company’s strategic 
and regulatory work. Other 
directorships and offices: Chief 
Economist, Office of Water Services 
(Ofwat) (1996–1999), director of London 
Economics (1999–2000), director of 
Stone and Webster Consultants 
(2000–2005).

  E

2. Dr Bernard Bulkin* BS PhD 
FRSC FRSA FIE (69)
Independent non-executive 
director
Appointed to the board in January 
2006. Bernard is the Chairman of the 
Corporate Responsibility Committee. 
Bernard’s involvement in both innovation 
and policy on climate change and 
renewable energy, together with an 
understanding of how to guide improved 
performance on safety and 
environmental operational issues, 
enables him to contribute significantly  
to the board. Other directorships and 
offices: Chairman of Chemrec AB, 
a Swedish company, non-executive 
director of REAC AB in Sweden and of 
Ze-gen Corporation in Boston, Venture 
Partner at Vantage Point, an international 
venture capital firm, Chair of the Office  
of Renewable Energy Deployment,  
UK Department of Energy and Climate 
Change, was Chief Scientist at BP Plc 
(2000–2003).

 A    C     R     N

3. Richard Davey* BA (62)
Senior independent  
non-executive director
Appointed to the board in January 
2006. Richard is Chairman of the 
Remuneration Committee. 
Richard has an investment banking 
background and was formerly Head of 
Investment Banking at NM Rothschild 
and Sons. With extensive experience of 
the financial services sector, having run 
Rothschild’s Financial Services Group 
and working with a number of high street 
banks and insurers, Richard brings 
valuable financial expertise to the board 
and Audit Committee and as chair of the 
Remuneration Committee. Other 
directorships and offices: non-
executive Chairman of London Capital 
Holdings Plc, Vice Chairman of Yorkshire 
Building Society, non-executive director 
of Amlin Plc, non-executive director of 
Freeserve Plc (1999–2001), non-
executive director of Scottish Widows 
Fund and Life Assurance Society 
(1996–2000).

  A     R     N

4. Andrew Duff* BSc FEI (52)
Non-executive Chairman
Appointed to the board in May 2010.
Andrew’s strong track record working in 
regulated business gives him the relevant 
experience to make him the right 
Chairman to lead the group through  
the next phase of development. Other 
directorships and offices: Senior 
independent director of Wolseley Plc, 
Member of the board of trustees of 
Macmillan Cancer Support, Group  
Chief Executive Officer, RWE npower 
(2003–2009), Fellow of the Energy 
Institute.

  N     R    C  

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5. Gordon Fryett* (57)
Independent non-executive 
director
Appointed to the board in July 2009.
Gordon’s extensive experience working 
in and with international businesses, 
accountability for managing large areas 
of capital expenditure and a broad range 
of executive and operational experience 
in a highly customer facing environment, 
enables him to bring a great deal of 
experience and expertise to the board. 
Other directorships and offices: 
Group Property Director of Tesco, CEO 
of Tesco Ireland (2001–2006), Director  
of International Support for Tesco 
(1997–2001), Alumnus of INSEAD.

 C     N

6. Martin Kane BSc CEng 
CEnv MICE MIWEM FIW (58)
Director of Customer Relations
Appointed to the board in October 
2007. Martin has been Director of 
Customer Relations, Severn Trent 
Water, since May 2006.
Martin joined Severn Trent Water in 1975 
and has held various senior posts giving 
him an extensive understanding of the 
design, construction and operation of 
water and waste water treatment plants, 
water distribution networks and 
sewerage systems. Other directorships 
and offices: board member of UK Water 
Industry Research Limited, board 
member of Utilities and Service 
Industries Training Limited.

 E

7. Martin Lamb* BSc MBA (51)
Independent non-executive 
director
Appointed to the board in  
February 2008.
Martin has extensive experience of 
managing and developing large 
engineering businesses in all parts of the 
world. His strong commercial acumen, 
experience of managing complex 
projects, and familiarity with current 
market pressures as a serving Chief 
Executive leave him well placed to add 
value to the Severn Trent business. 
Other directorships and offices: 
Chief Executive of IMI plc, non-executive 
director of Spectris plc (1999–2006).

  R

  N

8. Michael McKeon MA CA (54)
Finance Director
Appointed to the board in  
December 2005.
Michael has extensive international 
business experience having worked 
overseas for CarnaudMetalbox, Elf 
Atochem and Price Waterhouse. He also 
held various senior roles with Rolls-
Royce Plc from 1997 to 2000 including 
Finance Director of Aerospace Group 
and was Finance Director of Novar Plc 
from 2000 to 2005. Michael is a 
Chartered Accountant and a Member  
of the Institute of Chartered Accountants 
of Scotland. Other directorships and 
offices: non-executive director and 
Chairman of the Audit Committee of  
The Merchants Trust Plc, Finance 
Director of Novar Plc (2000–2005).

  E  

9. Baroness Noakes* DBE 
LLB FCA (61)
Independent non-executive 
director
Appointed to the board in February 
2008. Sheila Noakes is the Chairman 
of the Audit Committee.
Sheila is a Fellow of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants in England and 
Wales and served as its President from 
1999–2000. She was a senior partner of 
KPMG from 1983 to 2000. She is an 
experienced audit committee chairman 
and currently chairs the Carpetright Plc 
Audit Committee. Other directorships 
and offices: senior independent 
director of Carpetright Plc, director  
of the Thomson-Reuters Founder Share 
Company, non-executive director of 
Imperial Chemical Industries Plc 
(2004–2008), non-executive director  
of Hanson Plc (2001–2007), Member  
of the Court of the Bank of England 
(1994–2001).

 A     N  

10. Andy Smith BTech (Hons) 
(50)
Director of Water Services
Appointed to the board in  
October 2007.
Andy has worked in the UK and overseas 
with BP, Mars and Pepsi, in engineering 
and operational management roles, and 
as group HR director and a member of 
the board at Boots. Andy brings a broad 
range of executive and operational 
experience from different sectors to the 
board. Other directorships and 
offices: director of Boots Group Plc 
(2002–2003)

 E

11. Tony Wray BSc (Hons) (49)
Chief Executive
Appointed to the board in March 2005 
and became Chief Executive in 
October 2007.
Tony’s experience of a wide range of 
operational and strategic leadership roles 
in the Energy, Telecoms, Water and 
Waste industries enables him to bring a 
multi disciplined approach to the board. 
Other directorships and offices: 
non-executive director – Energy and 
Utility Skills, the sector skills council, 
Member of the Business Advisory Board 
for Living with Environmental Change, 
director of Networks at Eircom, the 
Republic of Ireland’s telephone operation 
(2003–2005), director roles within 
Transco and National Grid Transco 
(1997–2003).

  C    N     E

32

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance 
Executive Committee

The Chief Executive is supported in his role by the executive 
management team and together they comprise the Executive 
Committee. During the year, the Executive Committee comprised 
the executive directors and senior executive managers responsible 
for key operational and central functions. Photographs of the 
members of the committee, together with their biographies are  
set out below.

The Executive Committee oversees the development and 
execution of the Severn Trent strategy. It also has accountability  
for achieving business results. The terms of reference of the 
Executive Committee are available on the company’s website 
(www.severntrent.com) or from the Company Secretary.

During the year, the Executive Committee met to consider 
strategy, business management, policy and planning, and 
operational performance.

Members of the Executive Committee are delegated responsibility 
to sit on steering groups that oversee the delivery of our strategy 
and business management. During the year, steering groups  
were set up to oversee areas such as our move to Severn Trent 
Centre, the integrated delivery of our year end results and  
annual June Return to Ofwat and our leadership development.

1

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2

6

10

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7

11

4

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1. Tony Wray BSc (Hons) 
(49) Chief Executive
Please see full biography on page 31.

2. Martin Kane BSc CEng 
CEnv MICE MIWEM FIW (58) 
Director of Customer Relations
Please see full biography on page 31.

3. Michael McKeon MA CA 
(54) Finance Director
Please see full biography on page 31.

4. Fiona Smith LLB (52) 
General Counsel and Company 
Secretary 
Joined Severn Trent in February 
2006. Fiona is a Solicitor and was 
previously General Counsel and 
Company Secretary at National Grid 
plc, where she worked for 15 years, 
before becoming General Counsel at 
Transport for London for two years, 
prior to joining Severn Trent.

5. Alec Richmond BSc (Econ) 
FCA FIIA (53)  
Director of Internal Audit
Joined Severn Trent in June 2007. 
Prior to that, he worked for Cadbury 
Schweppes Plc, leading the company’s 
global internal audit service from 
2000-2005. Before joining Severn 
Trent, he worked for RSM Robson 
Rhodes as a Director and a member of 
the management board responsible for 
Risk Assurance Services. Alec is a 
fellow of the ICAEW.

6. Andy Smith BTech (Hons) 
(50) Director of Water Services
Please see full biography on page 31.

7. Dr Tony Ballance BSc 
(Hons) MA (Econ) PhD (46) 
Director, Strategy and 
Regulation
Please see full biography on page 31.

8. Simon Cocks BA (Hons) 
(45) Waste Water Services 
Director 
Joined Severn Trent in July 2009. 
Simon is an electrical engineer by 
training and began his career in military 
communications working for Plessey 
and then GEC. He previously worked for 
London Electricity in various operational 
and management roles and, more 
recently, for National Grid where he was 
Head of UK Operations Performance 
and Planning, then Commercial Director 
for the gas and electricity business in the 
UK and Europe, and more recently held 
the position of Chief Procurement Officer 
before joining Severn Trent.

9. Myron Hrycyk MBA (54) 
Chief Information Officer
Joined Severn Trent in April 2008. 
Myron has delivered major IT strategic 
programmes, reorganised corporate IT 
units and deployed high performance 
IT practices in previous roles for NYK 
Logistics and Unipart. Myron is the 
executive sponsor of the company’s 
SAP/ERP transformation programme.

10. Leonard Graziano MBA 
BEng (65) President and Chief 
Executive Officer, Severn Trent 
Services
Joined Severn Trent in January 
2000. Prior to joining Severn Trent 
Services, Len served as President of 
Chemineer, Inc., a unit of Robbins & 
Myers, Inc., a global leader in industrial 
mixing and agitation equipment and 
technology. He also served as a 
President of Johnston Pump Company, 
a full line vertical pump, parts and 
repair company.

11. Evelyn Dickey
BSc (Hons) (48) 
Director of Human Resources
Joined Severn Trent in November 
2006. Evelyn has wide HR experience 
leading design and delivery of major 
change programmes, business 
restructuring, employee relations, 
resourcing, organisational capability 
and performance management 
initiatives. Before joining Severn Trent 
Evelyn worked in HR consultancy and 
as HR Director (HR Operations) for 
Boots the Chemists.

Governance
Chairman’s letter

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

33

Dear Shareholder

Introduction
I want to set out in this letter how governance underpins our activities in Severn Trent and 
describe how we apply the principles of good corporate governance as set out in the 
Combined Code on Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting Council 
(FRC) in 2008 (Combined Code).

Compliance with the Combined Code
The Combined Code sets out standards of good practice that listed companies are 
expected to follow in areas such as how we structure the board appropriately and develop 
its members, how we pay and reward our executive team, our accountability and audit, and 
our relationship with our shareholders. 

For the whole of the financial year ended 31 March 2011, Severn Trent was fully compliant  
in its application of the Combined Code. 

Our compliance with the Combined Code demonstrates our commitment to the highest 
standards of governance and corporate behaviour. The Combined Code has been replaced 
during the financial year by the UK Corporate Governance Code. The events in our 
corporate markets over the previous two years necessitated a review of the Combined 
Code and your board encouraged and supported the changes that the new Code has 
introduced. Our response to the consultation on the review of the Combined Code is 
available for you to view on the website of the Financial Reporting Council, www.frc.org.uk. 
The UK Corporate Governance Code applies to accounting periods beginning on or after  
29 June 2010. Our formal obligation for 2011 is to report how we have applied the principles 
of the Combined Code.

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Board membership
From 10 May 2010 the board has consisted of me, your non-executive Chairman, five 
executive directors and five independent non-executive directors. Together, as a unified 
board, I believe we bring an appropriate balance of innovation, experience, independence 
and challenge to ensure effective decision making.

Photographs of the members of the board, together with their biographies and a description 
of the skills that they bring to bear, can be found on pages 30 and 31. 

Further to the publication of the Davis Report, ‘Women on Boards’, in February this year, 
boards of FTSE 350s have been encouraged to promote greater female representation  
on corporate boards. Recent guidance from the Financial Reporting Council has also 
highlighted the importance of greater diversity of psychological profile around the  
board table. 

I consider that diversity in the board room is essential to good business, helping companies 
better to meet the needs of their stakeholders.

As part of our ongoing board membership renewal we will ensure that our recruitment and 
appointment processes continue to ensure that all appointments are meritocratic and that 
our board represents the best interests of shareholders. 

Role of the Chairman
I joined the board in May 2010 and was appointed Chairman from the end of the AGM, on 
20 July 2010, replacing Sir John Egan.

Andrew Duff
Chairman

Governance in Severn Trent

The way we are structured
•   Our organisation is structured to allow 
for effective and efficient decision 
making with clear accountabilities.

The way we choose to behave
•   Our Code of Conduct sets out our 
approach to responsible business 
behaviours.

•   The Code of Conduct is supported by 
14 group policies and our behaviour 
model. Further details of the Code of 
Conduct can be found on our website 
(www.severntrent.com).

The way we assure our performance
•   Management assurance is provided  

by a combination of effective 
management processes and risk and 
compliance activities.

•   Independent assurance is provided 
primarily by Internal Audit, by our 
external auditors and other external 
bodies.

The way 
we are 
structured

The way 
we work

The way 
we choose 
to behave

The role of the Chairman is to lead a unified board, facilitating its members at its meetings, 
and to be responsible for ensuring that the principles and processes of the board are 
maintained in line with the Board Governance document. 

The way we 
assure our 
performance

Agendas for our meetings are agreed in consultation with the Chief Executive and Company 
Secretary, although any director may request that an item be added to the agenda. I have 
authority to act and speak for the board between its meetings, including engaging with the 
Chief Executive. I report to the board and committee chairmen as appropriate on decisions 
and actions taken between meetings of the board. I also meet with the non-executive 
directors without the executive directors present, to consider the performance of the 
executive directors and to provide feedback.

34

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Chairman’s letter (continued)

Group Authorisation Arrangements
The Group Authorisation Arrangements 
(GAA) are the framework through  
which the Severn Trent Plc board 
authorises the right people, at the right 
level, to take important decisions as we 
manage legal, financial and administrative 
issues throughout the group. The GAA 
are designed to facilitate good control, 
efficient decision making and 
demonstrable compliance.

The flow of authority is from the Severn 
Trent Plc board to the Chief Executive. In 
respect of certain issues, the delegated 
authority is subject to an obligation to 
work with specialist business services 
areas (such as Tax, Treasury, Finance 
and Company Secretariat) that provide 
additional expertise and a group wide 
perspective. 

Governance of subsidiaries
The board of the listed company,  
Severn Trent Plc, is the same as that  
of its subsidiary, Severn Trent Water 
Limited. This structure was implemented 
in 2007 when it was decided to  
integrate the management of the 
companies to gain greater focus, 
transparency and effectiveness around 
Severn Trent Water.

The two companies operate as distinct 
legal entities. The boards have regard to 
the Severn Trent Plc Board Governance 
document and the Severn Trent Water 
Limited Matters Reserved to the  
Board. They are assisted through the 
management of separate agendas, 
meetings and minutes by the Company 
Secretariat and advised in their  
meetings by the Company Secretary 
where appropriate.

Subsidiary company boards are required 
to be managed scrupulously with respect 
to all legal, fiscal and administrative 
matters. In particular, the relationships 
between Severn Trent Water Limited and 
our other businesses such as Severn 
Trent Services are monitored and 
controlled to ensure that we comply with 
our Ofwat obligations on arm’s length 
transactions. 

Senior independent non-executive director
Richard Davey is the senior independent non-executive director. He chairs the 
Remuneration Committee and is a member of the Audit and Nominations Committees.  
The board has agreed that Richard Davey will act as Chairman of the board in the event  
that I am unable to do so for any reason. 

Non-executive directors
Your non-executive directors are appointed to the board to contribute their external expertise 
and experience in areas of importance to the group such as corporate finance, general 
finance, corporate strategy, environmental matters, general management and supply chain 
management. They also provide independent challenge and rigour in the board’s 
deliberations and are encouraged to make independent assessments of the group’s 
competencies. The non-executive directors, led by Richard as the senior independent 
non-executive director, meet without me at least once a year, where there is an opportunity 
for them to appraise my performance.

Your board has reviewed the status of the non-executive directors and considers them all  
to be independent in character and judgement and within the definition of this term in the 
Combined Code and the UK Corporate Governance Code.

Chief Executive
The board has delegated all responsibility beyond its matters reserved to the Chief 
Executive to achieve the company’s strategy. The Chief Executive, Tony Wray, is 
empowered to take all decisions and actions that further the company’s strategy and which 
in his judgement are reasonable, having regard to the Chief Executive limits set out in the 
company’s Group Authorisation Arrangements (GAA).

Executive directors
The executive directors support Tony in driving strategy forward in Severn Trent. They  
are committed to implementing strategy in a responsible way that takes account of our 
commitment to long term responsible stewardship of the business, the environment,  
our customers and the communities in which we live and work. 

Role of the Company Secretary
All directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary, Fiona 
Smith, and the Company Secretariat team. The Company Secretary is responsible for 
ensuring that the board operates in accordance with the governance framework it has 
adopted and that there are good information flows to the board and its committees and 
between senior management and the non-executive directors.

Fiona retires from her role at the AGM in July 2011. We wish her a long and happy 
retirement and on behalf of the board, I offer her our thanks for her services over the past 
five years.

Bronagh Kennedy will succeed Fiona. Bronagh is a qualified solicitor and until recently was 
the Company Secretary and General Counsel at Mitchells and Butlers plc.

The appointment and resignation of the Company Secretary is a matter for consideration  
by the board as a whole.

Induction
On joining the board, directors are evaluated and then provided with a comprehensive and 
individualised induction pack that includes notes on the group structure, the regulatory 
framework of the operating businesses within the group, financial reports and business 
plans and information on our governance framework. 

Meetings are arranged with members of the executive management team and external 
advisers who provide support to the relevant board committees the directors may serve on. 
Visits to operational and office sites across the group are also arranged for directors  
joining the board.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

35

Shareholders
The board recognises the importance  
of representing and promoting the 
interests of its shareholders and that  
it is accountable to shareholders for  
the performance and activities of  
the company.

Continuing professional development
The directors received updates throughout the year on matters such as the Flood and Water 
Management Act and the impacts of the proposals on private drains and sewers. There was 
also an opportunity to review and understand the outcomes of an exercise to evaluate our 
business plan for AMP5.

We are creating individual programmes for learning and development. The programmes will 
be reviewed by me with each director as part of the annual performance and effectiveness 
reviews undertaken by the board.

Retail shareholder engagement 
strategy
The board has an active shareholder 
engagement strategy, the main elements 
of which are set out below.

Performance and effectiveness reviews
Last year Sir John Egan, my predecessor as Chairman, carried out an internal review on the 
effectiveness of the board and its committees. The board discussed the outcomes of that 
review in July 2010 and the outcomes gave me some insights into the operations of the 
board and its committees that have been helpful to me during my first year as Chairman.

The Annual Report and Accounts is the 
principal means of communicating with 
shareholders. The group adopted 
e-communications after they were 
approved by shareholders as an 
alternative means of receiving company 
information at the 2007 annual general 
meeting. As at 5 May 2011, 39,723 
shareholders receive company 
communications via electronic methods 
whilst 28,521 shareholders continue to 
receive communications by post.

The company’s website  
(www.severntrent.com) contains an 
archive of annual reports together with 
other information relevant to investors. 
This includes comprehensive share  
price information, financial results and 
financial calendars.

The company offers a Dividend 
Reinvestment Plan (DRIP). Details of  
the DRIP are available on the company 
website and the website of Equiniti,  
our registrar.

Further shareholder information can be 
found on pages 124 to 125.

Financial calendar
22 June 2011

24 June 2011

20 July 2010
29 July 2011

Ex-dividend date for 
2010/11 final dividend
Record date for 
2010/11 final dividend
AGM
Payment date for 
proposed 2010/11 final 
dividend

24 November 2011 Announcement date 

13 January 2012

for 2011/12 interim 
results
Payment date for 
proposed 2011/12 
interim dividend

July 2011 marks my first full year as Chairman. I will commence an external review of the 
board, committees and the directors in November 2011 and will report back to you on the 
outcomes of that review in next year’s report.

Board processes
We have processes in place regarding:

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•  our tasks and activities (board membership and administration);

•  the matters specifically reserved for our decision making, the authority delegated to the 

Chief Executive, the accountability of the Chief Executive for that authority, and guidance 
on managing the relationship between us and the Chief Executive; and 

•  the boundaries on Chief Executive action (Chief Executive limits).

An approved Board Governance document outlines those processes and is available on our 
website (www.severntrent.com).

The board has reserved the following for its own consideration:

•  the appointment of the Chief Executive, directors, the Company Secretary and the 

Director of Internal Audit;

•  the strategy and budgets of the company;

•  the GAA which set out the group’s delegated approval limits;

•  decisions regarding the company and its subsidiaries required to be made by the 
company’s GAA, constitutional documents, statute or external regulation; and

•  the approval or adoption of documents (including the publication of reports and 

statements to shareholders), required to be made by the board by the company’s GAA, 
constitutional documents, statute or external regulation.

Board meetings
We have regular scheduled meetings throughout the year. 

Papers, including minutes of board committees held since the previous board meeting and 
performance reports, are circulated in advance of each meeting.

There is an agreed procedure in place which allows directors to take independent 
professional advice in the course of their duties and all directors have access to the advice 
and services of the Company Secretary. Where a director has a concern over any 
unresolved matter he/she is entitled to require the Company Secretary to minute that 
concern. Should the director later resign over the issue, I, as Chairman, will bring it to the 
attention of the board.

36

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Chairman’s letter (continued)

Reporting obligations
As a publicly listed company, the 
company has a range of reporting 
obligations to meet that are set out by  
law and regulation. The company is 
committed to the promotion of investor 
confidence by taking steps within its 
power to ensure that trade in its 
securities takes place in an efficient and 
informed market.

The company recognises the importance 
of effective communication as a key part 
of building shareholder value and that,  
to prosper and achieve growth, it must 
(among other things) earn the trust of 
security holders, employees, customers, 
suppliers and communities, by being 
open in its communications and 
consistently delivering on its 
commitments.

The company announces its results on  
a half yearly basis and complies with  
the requirement to make interim 
management statements.

The Chief Executive has established a 
Disclosure Committee, chaired by the 
Finance Director, with specific 
responsibilities for the delivery of the year 
end reporting processes. The Committee 
oversees the delivery of an integrated 
plan incorporating all elements of the 
year end reporting process, namely the 
group’s final results announcement and 
report and accounts, the company’s 
AGM, the statutory and regulatory 
accounts of Severn Trent Water Ltd and 
the June Return to Ofwat.

Board attendance in 2010/11

Sir John Egan

Tony Ballance

Dr Bernard Bulkin

Richard Davey

Andrew Duff

Gordon Fryett

3/3

7/7

7/7

7/7

5/6

7/7

Martin Kane

Martin Lamb

Michael McKeon

Baroness Noakes

Andy Smith

Tony Wray

7/7

6/7

7/7

7/7

7/7

7/7

In addition to the formal board meetings, your board attended two full day strategy sessions 
this year, where the board and executive management team together considered Severn 
Trent Services and also the most significant risks facing the company. During the financial 
year, five ad hoc meetings of the board were convened to consider such matters as Severn 
Trent Plc’s preliminary and interim results and interim management statements.

Board committees
We have established committees of the board to deal with specific issues or approvals,  
as and when necessary.

The four permanent committees of the board assist in the execution of its responsibilities 
and the board delegated some of its responsibilities to those board committees. The 
committees assist the board by focusing on their specific activities, fulfilling their roles and 
responsibilities, reporting to the board on decisions and actions taken, and making any 
necessary recommendations.

The terms of reference of the Audit, Remuneration and Nominations Committees comply 
with the provisions of the Combined Code and are available for inspection, together with the 
terms of reference of the Corporate Responsibility Committee, on the company’s website 
(www.severntrent.com) or may be obtained on written request from the Company Secretary 
at the address given on the back cover.

Each of the committees has reviewed its effectiveness and terms of reference during the 
year and any necessary actions have been identified and reported to the board.

Reports from the Chairmen of these committees are set out on pages 39 to 55 of this report.

Terms and conditions of appointment
We have made the terms and conditions of appointment of the directors available for 
inspection by any person at the company’s registered office during normal business hours. 
They will also be available at the AGM. The letters of appointment of the directors can also 
be seen on our website (www.severntrent.com).

Remuneration
The Directors’ remuneration report is set out on pages 43 to 55.

Insurance and indemnities
Severn Trent purchases directors’ and officers’ liability and indemnity insurance to cover its 
directors and officers against the costs of defending themselves in civil proceedings taken 
against them in that capacity, and in respect of damages resulting from the unsuccessful 
defence of any proceedings.

Interests
No director had a material interest at any time during the year in any contract of significance 
with the company or any of its subsidiary undertakings.

Institutional shareholders and analysts
Presentations are made to shareholders 
and analysts following the release of the 
interim and year end results. The Chief 
Executive and Finance Director meet 
shareholders during the year. The 
Chairman and, if appropriate, the senior 
independent non-executive director are 
available to meet shareholders if 
required. The board receives written 
feedback following meetings with 
institutional shareholders and monitors 
shareholder activity on a quarterly basis 
at its meetings. 

In December 2010, 50 people attended 
the Severn Trent Investor Day, entitled 
‘Winning in a changing world’, hosted by 
the Chief Executive and Finance Director 
at our offices in Coventry.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

37

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Conflicts of interests – update
The board has a full process in place to authorise situational conflicts in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

For any actual or potential conflicts, the following procedure has been adopted by the board 
to consider and, if it sees fit, to authorise situations where a director has an interest that 
conflicts, or may possibly conflict, with the interests of the company:

•  the director will notify the Chairman and Company Secretary of the actual or potential 

conflict;

•  the Nominations Committee will consider the notification and determine whether it needs 

to be proposed to a board meeting for authorisation; and

•  the conflict will be considered by the board at a scheduled board meeting.

Full details of the conflict will be sent to directors in advance of the meeting. If there is a 
major conflict or it is decided that authorisation should not wait until the next scheduled 
meeting, the board would be asked to authorise the conflict by way of written resolution.

In addition to reviewing any conflicts notified and proposing them for authorisation by the 
board, the Nominations Committee monitors changes to previously notified conflicts and 
any conditions imposed. Half yearly reports are made to the board of all directors’ conflicts 
and directors are reminded from time to time of their obligations. An annual review of 
conflicts is carried out and this is incorporated into the year end process of verifying 
directors’ interests.

Annual general meeting
The AGM of the company will be held at the International Convention Centre, Broad Street, 
Birmingham B1 2EA at 11am on Wednesday 20 July 2011.

The AGM is shareholders’ opportunity to feedback to the company on performance, 
management and the way we work in a very direct fashion – through the way they vote – 
either in favour of the resolution, against the resolution or by withholding their vote so that it 
does not count either for or against. It is also shareholders’ opportunity to meet informally 
with directors and senior management before and after the meeting and ask formal 
questions during the meeting.

The board encourages shareholders to attend the company’s AGM and exercise their right 
to vote. The notice of meeting and related papers are sent to shareholders at least 20 
working days before the meeting. Separate resolutions are proposed on each substantially 
separate issue.

Presentations are made on the group’s activities and performance prior to the formal 
business of the meeting. Shareholders have the opportunity to ask questions of the board 
and present their views. The Chairmen of the Audit, Corporate Responsibility, Remuneration 
and Nominations Committees, together with all other directors, will attend the AGM.

The company uses electronic voting at the AGM, allowing shareholders present at the 
meeting to register one vote per share held. Results of the poll on each resolution, including 
details of the votes for and against registered prior to and at the meeting, proxy votes and 
the number of abstentions will be displayed at the meeting.

The poll results and a list of questions and answers from the AGM will be made available on 
our website after the meeting.

At the 2010 AGM, over 50 shareholders registered for Severn Trent’s Shareholder 
Networking Programme which took place on 30 March 2011. The aim of the programme  
is to offer retail shareholders the opportunity to learn more about the company, through  
a combination of site visits and talking to staff.

38

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Chairman’s letter (continued)

The event was hosted by Martin Kane, Director of Customer Relations and a member of the 
board. Twenty participants were taken to Minworth, to our Sewage Treatment Works, for a 
tour and presentation on renewable energy. This was followed by a visit to our new 
headquarters at the Severn Trent Centre.

Positive feedback was given on the organisation and content with strong support for the 
company continuing the programme, both from shareholders and employees who enjoyed 
the positive interest shown in their work and their part in explaining what work they did.

Your board encourages those shareholders attending the 2011 AGM to register for this 
year’s visit.

Reappointment
Under the company’s articles of association, all directors are required to retire and submit 
themselves for appointment or reappointment if they have been appointed by the board 
since the previous Annual General Meeting or if it is the third Annual General Meeting 
following that at which they were appointed or last reappointed. 

However, the UK Corporate Governance Code now requires that all directors of companies 
in the FTSE 350 index such as the company should be subject to annual election by 
shareholders. Accordingly, the directors will all retire at this year’s Annual General Meeting 
and submit themselves for reappointment by the shareholders.

Conclusions
At Severn Trent, we are committed to operational excellence and continuous improvement, 
supported by good governance. We run our business in a manner which is responsible and 
consistent with our belief in transparency and accountability. Good governance is not simply 
an exercise in compliance. For Severn Trent it is a vital aspect forming a foundation for the 
sustainable growth of the business.

I firmly believe that Severn Trent will continue to achieve profitable and sustainable growth 
for our company through the successful mix of good governance, a clear business plan and 
strategy and strong management team.

Andrew Duff 
Chairman

Governance
Nominations Committee

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

39

This report provides details of the role of the Nominations Committee and the work it has 
undertaken during the year. 

The Committee keeps under review the balance of skills on the board and the knowledge, 
experience, length of service and performance of the directors. It also reviews their external 
interests with a view to identifying any actual, perceived or potential conflicts of interests, 
including the time available to commit to their duties to the company. The Committee 
monitors the independence of each non-executive director and makes recommendations 
concerning such to the board. The results of these reviews are important when the board 
considers succession planning and the election and reappointment of directors. Members  
of the committee take no part in any discussions concerning their own circumstances.

During the year the Committee reviewed the procedure for reporting and authorising, as 
appropriate, any actual or potential conflicts of interests, in accordance with the provisions  
of the Companies Act 2006. 

The members of the Nominations Committee in 2010/11 were the non-executive directors  
of the board and the Chief Executive, Tony Wray.

In accordance with the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code, all members 
of the board will seek re-election at the annual general meeting in July 2011. In March this 
year the Nominations Committee formally reviewed the performance, contribution and 
commitment of each of the directors retiring at this year’s AGM and seeking reappointment 
and supported and recommended their reappointment to the board. The Committee has 
confirmed that each director continues to perform well on an individual and collective basis, 
making a valuable contribution to the board’s deliberations and demonstrating commitment 
to the long term interests of the company.

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Nominations Committee attendance in 2010/11
Sir John Egan 
Dr Bernard Bulkin 
Richard Davey 
Andrew Duff
Gordon Fryett 
Martin Lamb 
Baroness Noakes 
Tony Wray 

2/2
4/4
4/4
3/3
2/4
3/4
4/4
4/4

Each committee meeting complied with the terms of reference in that a minimum of five 
members were in attendance, with the majority being independent, non-executive directors.

Andrew Duff
Chairman of the Nominations Committee

The main purpose of the Committee is  
to assist the board by keeping the 
composition of the board under review 
and conducting a rigorous and 
transparent process when making or 
renewing appointments of directors to  
the board. It also advises the board on 
issues of directors’ conflicts of interest 
and independence. The full terms of 
reference for the Committee can be 
found on the company’s website  
(www.severntrent.com) and are also 
available from the Company Secretary.

Succession planning
When considering new appointments to 
the board, the Committee oversees the 
preparation of a position specification 
that is provided to an independent 
recruitment organisation retained to 
conduct a global search. In addition to 
the specific skills, knowledge and 
experience deemed necessary, the 
specification contains criteria such as:

•  a proven track record of creating 

shareholder value;

•  unquestioned integrity and a diversity 

of psychological mindset;

•  a commitment to the highest standards 

of governance;

•  having the required time available to 

devote to the job;

•  strategic mindset, an awareness of 
market leadership, outstanding 
monitoring skills;

•  a preparedness to question, challenge 

and openly assess; and

•  an independent point of view.

40

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Audit Committee

Baroness Noakes DBE
Chairman of the Audit Committee

The Committee assists the board in 
discharging its responsibilities for the 
integrity of the company’s financial 
statements, the assessment of the 
effectiveness of the systems of internal 
controls and monitoring the effectiveness 
and objectivity of the internal and external 
auditors. The role and the responsibilities 
of the Committee are set out in written 
terms of reference. These can be  
found on the company’s website  
(www.severntrent.com) and are also 
available from the Company Secretary.

This report provides details of the role of the Audit Committee and the work it has 
undertaken during the year.

The members of the Audit Committee are Baroness Noakes DBE (Chairman), Dr Bernard 
Bulkin and Richard Davey whose experience and background are set out on pages 30 and 
31. The board is satisfied that Baroness Noakes and Richard Davey have recent and 
relevant financial experience and that all members of the Committee remain independent. 
The members of the Committee receive updates in financial reporting and the group’s 
regulatory framework in various forms throughout the year.

The Chairman, the Chief Executive, the Finance Director, the Director of Internal Audit, the 
Director of Strategy and Regulation, the Group Financial Controller, the Company Secretary 
and the external auditor normally attend, by invitation, all meetings of the Committee. Other 
members of senior management are also invited to attend as appropriate. In performing its 
duties, the Committee has access to the services of the Director of Internal Audit, the 
Company Secretary and external professional advisers.

We met five times in 2010/11 and our work focused on four key areas: financial statements 
and accounting policies; internal controls; oversight of internal and external audit; and the 
regulatory reporting obligations of our subsidiary Severn Trent Water Limited.

Financial Statements and Accounting Policies
Reviewing the financial statements and accounting policies requires us to make certain 
judgements and we set out below some of the key issues we discussed in respect of 2010/11: 

•  the implementation of accounting standards in the period, in particular IFRIC 18 (in 

respect of assets transferred from customers) 

•  the assumptions which underpin accounting for the group’s retirement benefits schemes

•  the rationale for items shown as exceptional in the accounts.

In reviewing the financial statements, we receive input from the Executive Disclosure 
Committee and Deloitte. The former is chaired by the Finance Director and considers the 
content, accuracy and tone of the financial statements and other public disclosures prior  
to their release.

Deloitte reported to the Committee on their review of the half year interim results and on 
their audit of the year end financial statements.

Internal Controls
We receive regular reports from Internal Audit in respect of their work on internal controls 
and we review management letters received from the external auditors. We review Internal 
Audit’s annual review of fraud prevention and mitigation as well as a regular fraud log.

Technology controls and governance were areas of focus in 2010/11 and we received 
several reports on the control environment in this area, where we had previously identified 
the potential to enhance controls. Much progress has been made in improving the control 
environment and we will continue to monitor progress into 2011/12.

We reviewed the processes for and outputs from our enterprise risk management process, 
through which the principal risks and related controls are identified. In addition, we 
monitored the ongoing development of our compliance and assurance processes in respect 
of the key risks.

We discussed the new compliance requirement for Senior Accounting Officers to provide 
certification in respect of the accounting records and processes which underpin the 
calculation of tax liabilities for UK based companies owned by the group.

A programme is under way to ensure the group is in compliance with the UK Bribery Act which 
is due to become effective in July 2011. We will receive further progress reports in 2011/12.

Further details of our Internal Control Framework, including the main features of our internal 
control and risk management systems in relation to the financial reporting process, can be 
found in the Directors’ Report on page 28.

Oversight of Internal Audit and External Audit
We are responsible for overseeing the work of the internal audit function and also for 
managing the relationship with the group’s external auditor. We review the performance of 

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

41

Policy on the provision of non-audit 
services
The company has approved a formal 
policy on the provision of non-audit 
services aimed at safeguarding and 
supporting the independence and 
objectivity of the external auditor.

The policy sets out the approach to be 
taken by the group when using the 
services of the external auditor, including 
requiring that certain services provided 
by the external auditor are pre-approved 
by the Audit Committee or its Chairman. 

It distinguishes between those services 
where an independent view is required 
and that should be performed by the 
external auditor (such as statutory and 
non-statutory audit and assurance work), 
prohibited services where the 
independence of the external auditor 
could be threatened and they must not 
be used, and other non-audit services 
where the external auditor may be used. 

Non-audit services where the external 
auditor may be used include: non-
recurring internal controls and risk 
management reviews (i.e. excluding 
outsourcing of internal audit work), advice 
on financial reporting and regulatory 
matters, due diligence on acquisitions 
and disposals, project assurance and 
advice, tax compliance services, and 
employee tax services. 

The approval of the Audit Committee  
or its Chairman is always required if  
a non-audit service provided by the 
auditor is expected to cost more than 
£100,000 or if non-audit fees for the  
year would thereby exceed the amount  
of the audit fee.

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the internal and external auditor annually to ensure that they are effective and recommend 
to the board whether the external auditor should be reappointed.

The Committee regularly holds discussions with both the internal and external auditors in 
the absence of management. The Committee reports to the subsequent meeting of the 
board on the Committee’s work and the board receives a copy of the minutes of each 
meeting of the Committee.

Internal audit
The Director of Internal Audit and his Internal Audit team report on a day to day basis  
to management on the effectiveness of the group’s systems of internal controls and the 
adequacy of these systems to manage business risk and to safeguard the group’s assets 
and resources. This work is summarised and reported to the Audit Committee on a regular 
basis and is a key element of the assurance that the Committee receives on the risks and 
controls in the group.

The plans, the level of resources and the budget of the Internal Audit function are reviewed 
at least annually by the Audit Committee. The Director of Internal Audit is free to raise any 
issues with the Committee or its Chairman at any time during the year.

External auditor
Deloitte LLP (Deloitte) were appointed auditor of the company in 2005. The Audit 
Committee reviews the auditor’s effectiveness each year prior to recommending to the 
board that they be proposed for reappointment at the AGM. Deloitte audit all significant 
subsidiaries of the group.

Annually, the committee reviews information provided by the external auditor confirming 
their independence and objectivity within the context of applicable regulatory requirements 
and professional standards. The company does not have a policy of tendering the external 
audit at specific intervals but would initiate a tender process if there were any concerns 
about the quality of the audit or the independence and objectivity of the auditor. There are 
no contractual obligations that act to restrict the Committee’s choice of external auditor.

Details of the amounts paid to Deloitte for audit and non-audit services are provided in note 
7 to the accounts page 75.

In accordance with the requirements for auditor independence, the lead partner stood down 
after the 2009/10 audit having served five years in that capacity. Our new lead partner 
observed the 2009/10 audit to ensure continuity following the changeover.

Severn Trent Water Limited
The regulated activities carried out by Severn Trent Water Limited result in other reporting 
requirements to Ofwat and these are also covered by the Audit Committee. These 
regulatory reporting obligations include a comprehensive annual return on all of Severn 
Trent Water Limited’s regulatory obligations, known as the June Return, and a statement 
that underpins the customer charges made by Severn Trent Water Limited, known as the 
Principal Statement.

Deloitte make reports to Ofwat in respect of the June Return. The June Return covers many 
aspects which are not financial and Severn Trent Water Limited appoints a Reporter, Atkins, 
to report on those aspects. The Audit Committee receives reports from Deloitte and the 
Reporter on their work as part of its review of the returns.

In June 2010, we held an additional meeting to consider and review the new Ofwat reporting 
requirements regarding the split of operating costs and fixed assets between different 
activities within Severn Trent Water Limited (‘accounting separation’).

Audit Committee attendance in 2010/11
Baroness Noakes 
Dr Bernard Bulkin 
Richard Davey 

5/5
4/5
5/5

In April 2010, we conducted an annual review of our performance as part of the annual 
Board Effectiveness Review process and the board, as a whole, concluded that we continue 
to operate effectively. 

42

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Corporate Responsibility Committee

Dr Bernard Bulkin
Chairman of the Corporate  
Responsibility Committee

The Committee provides guidance and 
direction to the group’s corporate 
responsibility (CR) programme, reviews 
the group’s key non-financial risks and 
opportunities and monitors progress.  
The terms of reference for the Committee 
can be found on the company’s website 
(www.severntrent.com) and are also 
available from the Company Secretary.

The Committee reviews annually the 
group’s formal whistleblowing policy that 
deals with allegations from employees 
relating to breaches of the Code of 
Conduct and reviews at each of its 
meetings the whistleblowing incident log.

The purpose of the Corporate Responsibility (CR) Committee is to provide board oversight 
of the management of all non-financial risks to the group. The structure for our CR policy 
and framework is based around the four areas of Workplace, Marketplace, Environment  
and Community, providing a common framework for both our businesses – regulated and 
non-regulated. The framework remains under review as we continue to integrate corporate 
responsibility into our core business operations for both Severn Trent Water and Severn 
Trent Services. For each of the areas, there are four goals within our CR policy which help 
to focus improvements in our performance.

Within our CR framework, we have identified 10 focus areas that are critical to our 
management of risk and reputation. These areas have been determined through 
stakeholder dialogue, risk assessment and benchmarking within the water industry and the 
FTSE 100. The 10 areas provide the focus of the forward agenda of our CR Committee.

Workplace:
Health, safety and wellbeing. Employee skills, conduct and motivation. Diversity.

Marketplace:
Customer needs – including vulnerable customers. Supply chain responsibility.

Environment:
Environmental stewardship. Waste reduction and recycling. Climate change – 
mitigation and adaptation.

Community:
Community engagement. Working with our customers – including pollution 
prevention and water efficiency.

These focus areas also determine our approach to working in collaboration with other 
organisations who share mutual interests and objectives. Further information is available on 
our corporate website (www.severntrent.com/corporateresponsibility).

Within Severn Trent Water we have an effective performance management system in place 
through 18 core business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and eight KSIs. These are 
overseen by the Severn Trent Executive Committee and the board. Many of the business 
KPIs relate directly to our CR focus areas and therefore contribute significantly to our CR 
performance.

We report internally on our performance through both our Executive Committee and our CR 
Committee. Externally, we report through a number of channels including our annual June 
Return (our regulatory submission to Ofwat), our websites and our Annual Report and 
Accounts.

The members of the Corporate Responsibility Committee are Dr Bernard Bulkin (Chairman), 
Gordon Fryett and Tony Wray.

Corporate Responsibility Committee attendance in 2010/11
Dr Bernard Bulkin 
Gordon Fryett 
Tony Wray 

3/3
3/3
3/3

Governance
Remuneration Committee

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

43

Richard Davey
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

The Committee assists the board by 
focusing on the activities detailed below, 
reporting to the board on decisions and 
actions taken, and making any 
necessary recommendations:

•   the remuneration policy and its 

application to the Chief Executive  
and executives reporting to the  
Chief Executive;

•   the adoption of annual and longer term 

incentive plans;

•   determination of levels of reward to the 

Chief Executive and approval of 
reward to executives reporting to the 
Chief Executive;

•   setting the Chairman’s fee; and

•   the communication to shareholders  

on remuneration policy and the 
Committee’s work on behalf of  
the board.

The full terms of reference for  
the Committee can be found on  
the company’s website  
(www.severntrent.com) and are also 
available from the Company Secretary.

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This report sets out the remuneration policy for the directors of Severn Trent Plc and 
discloses the amounts paid to them in the year ended 31 March 2011.

The report is subject to a shareholder vote and a resolution to approve this Directors’ 
remuneration report will be proposed at the AGM. The report has been prepared in 
accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, the principles of the 
Combined Code on Corporate Governance and best practice guidelines.

During the year, the Committee undertook a thorough review of the variable arrangements 
for the executive directors and other members of the Severn Trent Executive Committee. 
This review included an examination of both the quantum and structure of the variable pay 
arrangements and the measures used to assess performance. The conclusions of this 
review were as follows:

•  The Committee determined that the structure of awards (cash bonus, deferred share 

bonus with matching and long term incentive plan awards) remained appropriate and the 
significant proportion of variable pay delivered in shares provided a strong alignment 
between the interests of management and shareholders.

•  The quantum of rewards remains competitive and no changes were proposed to current 

award levels.

•  The performance measures and weighting of the targets for the annual bonus plan 

(Severn Trent Water KPIs, personal performance and Severn Trent Services performance 
for the Chief Executive and Finance Director) continue to provide a strong and challenging 
assessment of the financial and operating performance of the business. The annual 
bonus will therefore continue to operate on the same basis for 2011/12, save that Severn 
Trent Water performance will be measured by reference to 20 rather than 18 KPIs.

•  Relative TSR remains an appropriate measure of performance for the Share Matching 

Plan, providing alignment with the returns received by shareholders. In the absence of a 
sufficient number of listed utility companies, the current FTSE 51-150 comparator group  
is considered the most relevant benchmark for measuring performance. However, to 
address the share price volatility caused by the uncertainty of the five year pricing review, 
rather than measuring performance over a single three year period, a multi-point 
measurement basis will be applied to future grants (20% over 0-18 months, 30% over 
0-27 months and 50% over 0-36 months). The awards will continue to be subject to the 
Committee being satisfied with the financial performance over the performance period 
and, further, there being no compromise to the commercial integrity of Severn Trent over 
the performance period. This approach should reduce the impact of price uncertainty in 
the run up to new asset management periods and reward for sustainable and steady 
shareholder returns.

•  To provide a stronger focus on the long term financial performance of the business,  

future awards under the Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) will be subject to a performance 
measure based on the company’s return on regulatory capital value (RoRCV) compared 
to the Ofwat Final Determination (current awards under this plan are subject to a relative 
TSR performance condition). RoRCV was chosen as the measure of performance 
because it directly targets management’s delivery of the business plan. For awards 
granted in 2011, 0% of the shares will vest if RoRCV equals the Final Determination, 
increasing on a straight line basis to 50% vesting if RoRCV exceeds the Final 
Determination by 2% p.a. and 100% vesting for outperformance of 7% p.a. or more. 
Performance will be based on the average RoRCV over three financial years, starting in 
the year in which the award is granted. Further details on the performance measure for 
the 2011 award are set out on page 48.

The Committee believes that the new performance measures for the Share Matching Plan 
and Long Term Incentive Plan will provide a more rounded assessment of the overall 
financial and operational performance of the business and will provide a clearer line of sight 
for executives between performance and reward.

44

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

Remuneration Committee
The Committee determines, on behalf of the board, the company’s 
policy on the remuneration of executive directors, other members of 
the Executive Committee and the Chairman of the board. The 
Committee determines the total remuneration packages and 
contractual terms and conditions for these individuals. The policy 
framework for remunerating all senior executive managers is 
consistent with the approach taken for executive directors.

The Committee is comprised exclusively of independent non-
executive directors of the company, with the exception of Andrew 
Duff, the company Chairman, who was independent on his 
appointment to the board. 

The members of the Committee during the year were Dr Bernard 
Bulkin, Richard Davey (Committee Chairman), Andrew Duff, Sir 
John Egan and Martin Lamb.

Remuneration Committee attendance in 2010/11
Richard Davey 
Andrew Duff (appointed to the Committee 20 July 2010)
Dr Bernard Bulkin
Sir John Egan (retired from the Committee 20 July 2010)
Martin Lamb

4/4
3/4
3/4
1/1
4/4

With the exception of the company Chairman, the Committee 
members have no personal financial interest, other than as 
shareholders, in the matters to be decided. As company Chairman, 
Andrew Duff’s fees are set by the Committee but he is not party to 
this discussion. In setting performance related remuneration, the 
Committee has regard to the provisions set out in Schedule A to the 
Combined Code.

Advisers
To ensure that the company’s remuneration practices are market 
competitive, the Committee has access to detailed external 
research on market data and trends from experienced specialist 
consultants.

Hewitt New Bridge Street (a trading name of Aon Corporation) is the 
independent advisor to the Committee. Neither Hewitt New Bridge 
Street nor any other part of the Aon Corporation provided other 
services to the company during the year.

The Chief Executive (Tony Wray), the Human Resources Director 
(Alec Luhaste until December 2010, Evelyn Dickey thereafter) and 
the Reward and HR Systems Manager (Marilyn Gillert) also 
attended the Committee meetings to provide advice and respond  
to specific questions. Such attendances specifically excluded any 
matter concerning their own remuneration. The Company 
Secretary, Fiona Smith, acts as secretary to the Committee.

Remuneration Committee activity
During the year ended 31 March 2011, the Committee met four 
times to discuss the key remuneration issues arising, the operation 
of the remuneration policy and the market updates by its advisers. 
The following table sets out what the Committee covered at each of 
the meetings over the course of the year.

Date 

May 2010

November 2010

January 2011

March 2011

Key agenda items

Agree the vesting results for the 2009/10 annual 
bonus scheme and the 2007 LTIP awards
Approve the incentive plan targets for the 
2010/11 annual bonus scheme (including 
personal performance targets) and the 2010 
LTIP awards
Approve the 2010 Directors’ Remuneration 
Report
Strategic review of the annual bonus plan and 
LTIP (including performance metrics) 
Update on executive pension provision

Review of salaries and benefits for 2011 for the 
executive directors and other senior executives
Consider proposed changes to the annual bonus 
plan and LTIP
Review of the executive directors shareholding 
requirements
Incentive plan performance update
Review of good leaver plan statements

Remuneration policy
Each year, the Committee reviews the remuneration policy for 
executive directors and other senior executive managers, taking  
into account both the external market and the company’s strategic 
objectives over the short and the medium term. 

The company’s continuing remuneration policy for executive 
directors is to provide remuneration in a form and amount which  
will attract, retain, motivate and reward high calibre individuals.  
The remuneration package is based on the following principles:

Principle

Rationale

Incentives are aligned with the 
interests of shareholders and 
seek to reward the creation of 
long term value. 

Reward elements are designed 
to reinforce the link between 
performance and reward. 
Performance related elements 
should form a significant 
proportion of the total 
remuneration package and 
typically comprise at least 50% 
of total remuneration, if paid at 
the maximum.

The total remuneration package 
for on target performance 
should be fully competitive, but 
not excessive, in the relevant 
market. 

Packages are structured flexibly 
to meet critical resource needs 
and retain key executives. 

Executives must be adequately 
focused on the long term 
strategy and make decisions 
that lead to the creation of long 
term value.

The performance of the 
business is key and the  
package should be 
appropriately geared towards 
performance related pay. 

The Committee wishes the 
executives to be appropriately 
remunerated for the challenges 
they face and ensure that the 
right structure and levels are  
in place to take the business 
forward.

Package flexibility allows the 
Committee to take decisive 
action with issues of recruitment 
and retention in the best 
interests of business continuity 
and shareholder value.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

45

The charts below show, as a proportion of the package, firstly, the 
expected values of salary, bonus and long term incentives for target 
performance and, secondly, the maximum values of salary, bonus 
and long term incentives for the executive directors based on the 
proposed remuneration policy for 2011/12. The Committee 
considers the mix between fixed and performance related pay to  
be appropriate.

External directorships
Executive directors are permitted to take on external non-executive 
directorships, though normally only one other FTSE 100 
appointment. In order to avoid any conflicts of interest, all such 
appointments are subject to the approval of the Nominations 
Committee. Executive directors are normally only permitted to retain 
the fees arising from one such appointment.

Expected value

Chief Executive

All other executive directors

0%

20

40

60

80

100%

Base salary
Target bonus (cash)
Target bonus (deferred shares)
Expected value of SMP awards
Expected value of LTIP awards

Maximum value

Chief Executive

All other executive directors

0%

20

40

60

80

100%

Base salary
Maximum bonus (cash)
Maximum bonus (deferred shares)
Maximum value of SMP awards
Maximum value of LTIP awards

The Committee takes seriously the issue of balancing risk and 
reward. During the year, the Committee undertook a detailed review 
of the variable pay arrangements for the executive directors and 
other members of the Executive Committee. The Committee 
concluded that the schemes were appropriately managed and the 
choice of performance measures and targets did not encourage 
undue risk taking by the executives. The schemes incorporate a 
range of internal and external performance metrics, measuring both 
operational and financial performance providing a rounded 
assessment of overall company performance. The Committee 
retains ultimate approval for the executive incentive schemes and all 
share plans across the company and has the final discretion as to 
how they are applied. Furthermore, the rules of the annual bonus 
scheme and long term incentive schemes provide that the 
Committee may reclaim (‘clawback’) some or all of the after tax part 
of any award to executive directors if it transpires that the award was 
based on calculations which are subsequently demonstrated to be 
materially incorrect.

Personal shareholdings 
The company operates shareholding guidelines under which 
executive directors are expected to build and maintain a minimum 
holding of shares in the company. The Chief Executive is expected  
to build and maintain a holding of shares to the value of 1.5 x base 
salary and other executive directors 1 x base salary. Executive 
directors are expected to retain at least half of the shares they 
receive through the Long Term Incentive Plan and other share based 
plans until they meet the guideline holdings. Details of the current 
shareholdings of the executive directors are set out on page 52.

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Michael McKeon was appointed as a non-executive director of  
The Merchants Trust Plc on 1 May 2008 and in respect of the 
appointment for the year ended 31 March 2011 he was paid fees  
of £20,115. He has retained these fees in accordance with the 
above policy.

No other executive directors currently hold any external fee earning 
non-executive directorships.

Base salaries and benefits
Base salaries for individual directors are reviewed annually by  
the Committee and take effect from 1 July. Salaries are set with 
reference to individual performance, experience and contribution, 
together with developments in the relevant employment market 
(having regard to the market median for similar roles in publicly 
quoted companies of a comparable size and practice in other  
water companies) and internal relativities.

The Committee gives due consideration to the current economic 
climate and current market practice regarding executive salary 
reviews and the broader employee salary review policy at the 
company. The Committee has not set a specific policy on the 
relationship between executive directors’ pay and that of the rest  
of the workforce but aims to pay all employees fairly, taking into 
account their respective roles and responsibilities.

With this in mind, the Committee adopted a policy of a zero increase 
for the base salaries of the executive directors in 2009/10 and a 2% 
increase in 2010/11. Against a backdrop of economic recovery, it 
has chosen to adopt a general policy of 3% increase for the base 
salaries of the executive directors in 2011/12. This is in line with the 
policy of all employees of a 3% increase for base salaries.

At the time of the Chief Executive’s appointment, his salary reflected 
the fact that he was new to the role and, accordingly, the Committee 
gave a commitment to review his performance each year and if 
appropriate increase the base salary over time to align it with the 
market median. The Committee agreed that the Chief Executive’s 
base salary should be reviewed again this year. Giving due 
consideration to the performance of the company and the  
individual and the internal relativity with the other executive  
directors and market alignment, the Committee agreed that the 
Chief Executive’s base salary will be increased from £500,000  
to £550,000 on 1 July 2011. 

The non-salary benefits for executive directors comprise:

•  a car allowance

•  private medical insurance

•  life assurance

•  an incapacity benefits scheme.

Private medical insurance and some other benefits may be flexed 
under the company’s flexible benefits scheme.

46

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

Remuneration arrangements for executive directors
The remuneration arrangements for the executive directors comprise the following elements:

•  Base salary and benefits

•  Annual bonus scheme

•  Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and Share Matching Plan (SMP)

•  Pension.

Details of each of the above elements follow but the table below summarises the proposed packages of each of the executive directors:

Component

Base salary from 1 July 2011
On target bonus (% of salary) 
Maximum bonus (% of salary) 
% of bonus earned deferred into shares
LTIP award (% salary)
SMP award – ratio of matching shares  
to deferred shares
Pension arrangement

Tony Wray  
Chief Executive

£550,000
60%
120%
50%
70%

0.5:1
Final salary 
occupational 
scheme

£446,500
60%
120%
50%
50%

0.5:1
Cash 
allowance

Michael  
McKeon  
Finance  
Director

Tony Ballance 
Director,  
Strategy and 
Regulation

Martin Kane 
Customer 
Relations  
Director

£220,600
60%
120%
50%
50%

Andy Smith 
Director of  
Water  
Services

£262,600
60%
120%
50%
50%

£202,100
60%
120%
50%
50%

0.5:1
Defined 
contribution 
scheme

0.5:1
Cash 
supplement

0.5:1
Final salary 
occupational 
scheme

Benefits   

                   A car allowance, private medical insurance, life assurance and an incapacity benefits scheme

Annual bonus scheme
Executive directors are eligible for annual bonuses to encourage improved performance, with targets established by the Committee  
to align executive directors’ interests with shareholders. The annual bonus opportunity for all the executive directors is 120% of salary.  
For the achievement of target performance (which requires satisfaction of challenging goals), 60% of salary could be earned.

The following charts show how the annual bonus metrics are weighted for the executive directors:

Annual bonus metric weightings

Chief Executive and Finance Director

Other executive directors

0%

20

40

60

80

100%

Severn Trent Water performance
Severn Trent Services performance
Personal metrics

 
Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

47

The bonus outturn in respect of Severn Trent Water performance 
was operated by reference to a balanced scorecard of measures, 
based on the 18 KPIs. The Committee believes that the use of the 
Severn Trent Water KPIs continues to be both an effective and 
challenging annual bonus metric and meets the needs of the 
business. The bonus entitlement was determined by reference to 
the aggregate number of points awarded across all the KPIs. The 
targets taken together are considered by the board to have an 
impact on the longer term financial performance of the company 
and a number of them are reported to Ofwat. 

The table below shows the points awarded by the Committee for 
bonus purposes under each of the 18 KPIs in relation to the 2010/11 
annual bonus scheme. Four of the 18 KPI points have been 
adjusted upwards. This was only done after detailed consideration 
and in making this decision we recognised that management had 
done the right thing when faced with exceptional operational 
challenges over the winter period. They also maintained overall 
financial performance. As a consequence the bonus awarded for 
the Severn Trent Water portion of the annual bonus was 40.0% of its 
bonus element maximum.

The Chief Executive and Finance Director have 10% of their bonus 
linked to the performance of Severn Trent Services. Performance  
is measured against the profit before interest and tax (before 
exceptional items) of Severn Trent Services, a measure which is a 
fully disclosed KPI of the Severn Trent Services business, as shown 
in the Business review section. Performance is measured against 
budgeted profit, reflecting the desired growth of Severn Trent 
Services, subject to adjustment by the Committee based on its 
assessment of overall performance of the business. Severn Trent 
Services performance over the year did not reach its target and 
therefore resulted in a bonus award of 0%.

In addition, each director has 10% of their bonus opportunity 
measured against a set of personal performance metrics.  
The metrics for 2010/11 include:

•  supporting the business change and transformation process 
– focusing on the ongoing improvements to optimise the 
performance of the business (e.g. process improvements, 
technology and systems to support the processes and location, 
training and development of people to operate in the new 
environment); and

•  developing people – focusing on the individual’s contribution to 

ensuring that the talent management processes help to develop 
future leaders and therefore support succession planning and 
business continuity.

Half of any bonus paid is deferred into shares to be held for three 
years following payment. If the executive is summarily dismissed 
without notice under his/her employment contract then the deferred 
bonuses are forfeited. In all other cases of cessation of employment 
the deferred bonus is not lost and the shares automatically vest on 
the dealing day after the cessation of employment.

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The rules of the annual bonus scheme provide that the Committee 
may reclaim (‘clawback’) some or all of the after tax part of any 
bonuses awarded to executive directors if it transpires that the 
bonus calculation was based on calculations which are 
subsequently demonstrated to be materially incorrect.

Severn Trent Water KPI award for the 2010/11 annual bonus payment 

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

d
e
d
r
a
w
a
s
t
n
o
P

i

0%

1
I

P
K

0%

3
I

P
K

2
I

P
K

4
I

P
K

5
I

P
K

0%

6
I

P
K

Employee

Customer

7
I

P
K

8
I

P
K

9
I

P
K

0
1
I

P
K

N/A

1
1
I

P
K

2
1
I

P
K
Financial

N/A

0%

3
1
I

P
K

4
1
I

P
K

5
1
I

P
K

6
1
I

P
K

KPI on target performance = 100%

7
1
I

8
1
I

P
K

P
K
Environmental

9
1
I

P
K

0
2
I

P
K

Lost time incidents
Employee motivation

KPI 1 
KPI 2 
KPI 3  Water quality
KPI 4 
KPI 5 
KPI 6 
KPI 7 

Customer written complaints
First time call resolution for billing
Unplanned interruptions
Properties at risk of low pressure

First time job resolution
Non-performance of regulatory obligations

KPI 8 
KPI 9 
KPI 10  Capex versus Final Determination
KPI 11  Capex process quality (not measured for bonus)
KPI 12  Debtor days
KPI 13  Opex
KPI 14  Ofwat efficiency billing factor (not measured for bonus)

KPI 15  Pollution incidents
KPI 16  Sewer flooding incidents
KPI 17  Sewage treatment works - failing consents
KPI 18  Supply availability
KPI 19  Net energy use
KPI 20  Leakage MI/d

For the purpose of the annual bonus calculation KPIs – Ofwat efficiency billing factor and capex process quality are not included.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

Annual bonus payments to executive directors are not pensionable.

The targets for awards granted in 2011 will be as follows: 

The Committee has reviewed the operation of the plan and 
concluded that it should operate on the same basis for 2011/12. 
However, for 2011/12 Severn Trent Water performance will be 
measured by reference to 20 KPIs as set out on page 47.

Long term incentives
As disclosed on page 43, the Committee undertook a thorough 
review of the incentive arrangements during the year and determined 
that some changes should be made to the operation of the long term 
incentive schemes to encourage a greater focus on operational 
performance and to provide a fairer method of assessing 
performance. In this section, we set out details of both the long term 
incentives in place for the year under review and the proposed long 
term incentive arrangements for 2011/12 and beyond.

During the year under review, the executive directors participated in 
two long term incentive schemes: (i) a Long Term Incentive Plan 
and (ii) a Share Matching Plan.

a) Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) was approved by shareholders 
at the 2005 AGM. Under the LTIP, annual conditional awards of 
performance shares may be made to executive directors and senior 
staff, up to an annual maximum limit of shares worth 125% of base 
salary. In 2010, a share award equivalent to 70% of salary was 
made to the Chief Executive and 50% of salary to the other 
executive directors.

The number of shares subject to an award will be increased to 
reflect dividends paid through the performance period on the basis 
of such notional dividends being reinvested at the then prevailing 
share price. Awards will normally vest as soon as the Committee 
determines that the performance conditions have been met 
provided that the participant remains in employment at the end  
of the performance period.

Vesting of awards granted under the LTIP since 2006 has been 
subject to TSR performance, measured relative to those companies 
ranked 51–150 in the FTSE by market capitalisation (excluding 
investment trusts): 25% of awards vesting at median performance, 
and 100% vesting for performance in the upper quartile. In addition, 
for awards to vest, the Committee must be satisfied that the 
company’s TSR is reflective of the company’s underlying 
performance. This is the same performance condition as applying  
to the awards granted in 2010 under the Share Matching Plan.

At the end of the performance period for each award, the TSR 
performance condition will be measured and independently verified 
by Hewitt New Bridge Street on behalf of the Committee.

As disclosed on page 43 of this report, during the year the 
Committee undertook a review of the variable pay arrangements for 
executives and determined to change to the performance targets 
applying to future LTIP awards to provide a stronger alignment 
between the long term financial and operational performance of the 
group and the rewards delivered to management.

Vesting of awards granted in 2011 and beyond will be based on 
return on regulatory capital value (RoRCV), with a sliding scale of 
targets linked to outperformance of the Ofwat Final Determination. 

Severn Trent average annual 
RoRCV outperformance against  
the Ofwat Final Determination 
expectation
Less than or equal to Final 
Determination (≤100%)
102%
107% or higher

Vesting level for performance 
shares

0%

50%
100%

Performance will be measured over the three financial years ending 
31 March 2012, 2013 and 2014. The Committee reserves the 
discretionary power to change the result if it is 0% or greater than 
50%. If it is greater than 50% it can reduce the vesting to not less 
than 50%. If it is 0% it can increase the vesting to not more than 
50%. The use of this discretion is expected to be exceptional, but 
may be invoked by the Committee in order to take into account of 
any of the following factors (not an exhaustive list):

•  Actual RPI compared to the Ofwat assumed RPI figure – even 

though the regulatory capital value is adjusted each year for RPI  
a significant swing in inflation during the year can result in 
substantial under or over performance on the return on regulatory 
capital value target.

•  Changes to the financing of the company as approved by the 

board during the performance period – for example a significant 
change to the level of gearing of the balance sheet would result  
in partially meeting this performance condition.

•  Policy changes that occur during the performance period – there 
is much discussion on the future shape of the water industry in  
the UK and if enacted we would wish to ensure that any changes 
have a neutral impact on existing awards.

b) Share Matching Plan
Under the Share Matching Plan executives can receive up to one 
matching share for each share deferred under the annual bonus 
plan. For awards made in 2010 (the first set of awards granted under 
the plan), the ratio was limited to 0.5 matching share for each 
deferred share. The performance condition requires the company’s 
TSR to be measured relative to those companies ranked 51–150  
in the FTSE Index by market capitalisation (excluding investment 
trusts). This is considered to be the most suitable comparator group 
since the number of comparable regulated utilities against which to 
compare the company’s performance remains too small to enable 
meaningful analysis. The FTSE 51–150 comparator group allows for 
the company’s performance to be measured against a broader 
market without any one sector overly impacting the group. 25% of 
the matching awards will vest at median performance and 100% will 
vest for performance in the upper quartile. In addition, for awards to 
vest, the Committee must be satisfied that the TSR is reflective of 
the company’s underlying performance. This replicates the LTIP 
performance condition for the 2010 awards.

As with the LTIP, the number of shares subject to an award will be 
increased to reflect dividends paid through the performance period 
on the basis of such notional dividends being reinvested at the then 
prevailing share price. Awards will normally vest as soon as the 
Committee determines that the performance conditions have been 
met provided that the participant remains in employment at the end 
of the performance period.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

49

The below board level executives also participate in the same 
incentive arrangements as the executive directors, albeit at lower 
award levels. 

All employee share plans
Through a variety of share schemes, employees are encouraged  
to hold shares in the company.

This includes an all employee Share Incentive Plan. Awards are 
currently made which include a performance condition based on  
the award of points for the KPIs. Employees of Severn Trent Plc and 
Severn Trent Water Limited participate in the plan. For the year 
2010/11, awards of shares to the value of £300 will be made to all 
eligible employees.

The company also offers an all employee HMRC approved SAYE 
plan on an annual basis and periodically reviews the use of other  
all employee incentive vehicles.

Hedging of awards
Details of the company’s shares that are held in trust on behalf of 
participants of certain of the employee share schemes are given on 
pages 53 and 54. In respect of the LTIPs, deferred share awards 
(under the Annual Bonus Scheme) and the Share Matching Plan the 
company’s policy is to purchase, and hold in trust, 50% of the total 
number of shares that could potentially vest from all outstanding 
awards. The requirement to purchase shares is calculated, and the 
purchase carried out, shortly after each annual award.

In respect of awards made under the company’s Share Incentive 
Plan, all the shares taken up by employees at each invitation are 
normally purchased and placed in trust immediately.

The company grants SAYE options over unissued shares, always 
operating within the dilution limits contained in the scheme rules.

The Committee is satisfied that the overall dilution limits provide 
sufficient headroom for all the company’s share schemes.

Pensions
Severn Trent Executives receive retirement benefits from a variety 
of pensions arrangements including defined benefit, defined 
contribution, payments made direct to personal plans and cash  
in lieu. As a result of the changes in pension legislation for high 
earners, Severn Trent will introduce the following options from April 
2011 for any individuals who are affected by the tax changes:

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After careful review, the Committee concluded that relative TSR 
remains the most appropriate performance measure for the Share 
Matching Plan since it provides alignment between the rewards 
received by management and the returns received by shareholders. 
The FTSE 51-150 comparator group will be retained and the same 
vesting schedule will apply (25% vesting at median performance, 
increasing on a straight line basis to 100% vesting for performance 
in the upper quartile). However, rather than measure performance 
over a single three year period, the Committee concluded that for 
future awards performance would be measured on a multi-point 
basis (20% over 0-18 months, 30% over 0-27 months and 50% over 
0-36 months). The awards will continue to be subject to the 
Committee being satisfied with the financial performance over the 
performance period and, further, there being no compromise to the 
commercial integrity of Severn Trent over the performance period.

The Committee has the authority to reclaim (‘clawback’) some or all 
of the after tax part of any shares awarded to executive directors 
under the Long Term Incentive Plan and Share Matching Plan and  
if it transpires that the vesting calculation was based on calculations 
which are subsequently demonstrated to be materially incorrect.

Performance graph
This graph shows the value, by 31 March 2011, of £100 invested in 
Severn Trent Plc on 31 March 2006 compared with the value of 
£100 invested in the FTSE 100 Index. The FTSE 100 was chosen 
as the comparator because the company is a constituent of that 
index. The intermediate points show the value at intervening 
financial year ends.

Total shareholder return

)
£
(

l

e
u
a
V

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

For defined contribution members

Severn Trent Plc

FTSE 100 Index 

       Source: Datastream

•  Continue in the scheme and meet any tax liabilities as they fall 

due; or

Below board remuneration
In 2010/11 there were fifteen executives immediately below board 
level who were paid salaries of between £100,000 and £300,000 
per annum.

•  Continue in the scheme up to the Annual Allowance (£50,000 for 
2011/12 tax year) and receive a cash alternative (equivalent to the 
level of employer contributions made to the scheme) above the 
Annual Allowance. 

Salary £000 

100–150 
151–200 
201–250 
251–300

Number of executives

For defined benefit members 

10
2
1
2

•  Continue in the scheme and meet any tax liabilities as they fall due

•  Opt out of future defined benefit accrual and join the defined 

contribution section with the same options as above.

Of the current executive directors, Andy Smith and Tony Wray 
participate in the Severn Trent Pension Scheme. The scheme is a 
funded HMRC registered final salary occupational pension scheme 
which provides:

 
 
50

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

•  a normal retirement age of 60 years;

•  an overall pension at normal retirement age of two thirds of final 
pensionable salary, which for executive directors is defined as 
base salary only, subject to the completion of 20 years’ 
pensionable service;

•  life cover of 4 x pensionable earnings;

•  a pension payable in the event of retirement on grounds of ill 

health; and

•  a dependant’s pension on death of two thirds of the member’s 

pension.

Andy Smith and Tony Wray participate up to the level of the scheme 
specific earnings cap which in 2010/11 was £129,600. They are 
provided with a cash supplement in lieu of pension entitlement 
above this scheme cap at 40% of their respective salaries.

Members’ contributions are payable at the rate of 6% of pensionable 
earnings. Early retirement is available after the age of 55 with the 
consent of the company. Any pension would be subject to a 
reduction that the Trustees consider appropriate, acting on actuarial 
advice, to reflect the expected longer payment of the pension. In the 
event of incapacity, early retirement is available on an unreduced 
basis allowing for pensionable service to age 60.

Under the Trust Deed and Rules, pension payments in excess of 
any Guaranteed Minimum Pension are guaranteed to increase in 
line with price inflation subject to a maximum of 5% each year. In the 
calculation of individual cash equivalent transfer values, allowance is 
made for such increases.

It is the policy of the Committee to offer new executives an 
allowance, expressed as a percentage of base salary, to fund their 
own pension provision. The individual is able to choose whether the 
allowance is paid to the company’s registered defined contribution 
scheme, taken as cash or paid to a personal pension arrangement. 
This reflects the wish of the committee to remove future exposure to 
defined benefit schemes for senior executives. These arrangements 
apply to Michael McKeon at 40% of base salary.

Martin Kane is a member of the Severn Trent Pension Scheme 
(WPS Section) but opted out of the scheme in June 2007. He 
receives a cash supplement of 30% of his basic salary in lieu of 
accrual for future service from that date. While he no longer accrues 
additional years of service for pension purposes, consistent with the 
legislation, Martin Kane’s accrued benefits generally continue to be 
linked to his final salary (or £161,000 plus RPI from 30 June 2007  
to the date of his retirement, if higher) and scheme benefits are 
preserved in relation to ill health, retirement and death in service. 
The normal retirement age for the scheme is 65 although early 
retirement is possible prior to age 65 with the consent of the 
company, but any benefits relating to service accruing after 
1 December 2006 would be subject to an actuarial reduction.

Tony Ballance is a member of the Severn Trent Pension Scheme 
(Pension Choices section) which is the company’s defined 
contribution scheme. He currently contributes 3% of salary and the 
company contributes at 30%, plus a further 2.5% in respect of death 
in service and ill health benefits. The normal retirement age for the 
scheme is 65 although retirement prior to 65 is possible with the 
consent of the company.

Directors’ service agreements and letters of appointment
A model service contract was approved by the Committee in 2004 
and updated during 2007/08. The main terms of the contracts are 
summarised in the table below:

Provision

Policy

Notice period 12 months from either party
Termination 
payment

Maximum payment in the case of redundancy  
or termination in breach of the agreement by the 
company of up to and capped at 175% of base salary 
which is calculated as a conservative estimate of the 
value of salary, fixed benefits and on target bonus

Any payment will not include amounts in respect of 
awards which have been made under the company’s 
Long Term Incentive Plan over which the Committee 
retains discretion
Any termination payment will not be made 
automatically but will be subject to both phasing and 
mitigation unless, in the circumstances, the 
Committee considers it appropriate to achieve a 
clean break through payment of a lump sum, in which 
case it will require some discount for early payment
There are no specific contractual payments or 
benefits which would be triggered in the event of  
a change in control of the company
Executive 
directors
Tony Wray

Date of 
agreement
20 May 2008

7 March 2005

Effective date

Mitigation

Change of 
control

Contract  
dates

Michael McKeon 6 December 

Tony Ballance

2005
2 June 2008

Martin Kane

2 June 2008

Andy Smith

2 June 2008

13 December 
2005
23 July 2005

30 September 
1975
1 January 2005

The Committee believes that the contracts provide as much scope 
as is feasible to protect the interests of shareholders when 
negotiating a termination, at which time it would address the duty  
of mitigation.

The Committee recognises that, in line with current best practice 
guidelines, any termination payment should be based upon an 
estimate of salary and fixed benefits only. Accordingly, the 
Committee will adopt this policy in the service agreements of future 
executive directors.

In accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, all the 
directors are subject to reappointment as directors at the 
forthcoming AGM. 

Chairman and other non-executive directors
The remuneration policy for non-executive directors, other than the 
Chairman, is determined by the board, within the limits set out in the 
articles of association.

Remuneration for non-executive directors, other than the Chairman, 
comprises an annual fee for acting as a non-executive director  
of the company and additional fees for the senior independent 
director and chairmanship or membership of the committees. 

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

51

The annual fee, last increased in 2010, is £43,350. The additional fees, unchanged since 2008 are as follows:

Additional fee per annum

Senior  
independent  
director

£10,000

Audit Committee

Remuneration Committee

Chairman

£15,000

Member

£3,000

Chairman

£15,000

Member

£3,000

Corporate  
Responsibility Committee

Chairman

Member

Nominations 
Committee

£10,000

£3,000 No fee paid

The Chairman receives a fee of £250,000 per annum. He does not receive any additional fees for committee memberships. He does not 
participate in any of the company’s pension arrangements, share or bonus schemes.

The board does not require directors to take a proportion of their fees in shares and, instead, leaves decisions regarding the holding of 
shares to individual non-executive directors.

Non-executive directors do not participate in share or bonus schemes, nor is any pension provision made.

Non-executive directors normally serve three terms of three years. They do not have service contracts but their terms of engagement are 
regulated by letters of appointment, details of which are shown below:

Chairman and non-executive directors

Sir John Egan (Chairman – retired)
Dr Bernard Bulkin
Richard Davey
Andrew Duff (Chairman)
Gordon Fryett
Martin Lamb
Baroness Noakes

Initial appointment

Current appointment

Current expiry date*

1 October 2004
1 January 2006
1 January 2006
10 May 2010
1 July 2009
29 February 2008
29 February 2008

1 January 2008
1 January 2009
1 January 2009
10 May 2010
1 July 2009
22 February 2011
22 February 2011

–
31 December 2011
31 December 2011
9 May 2013
30 June 2012
28 February 2014
28 February 2014

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* subject to the requirements of the company’s articles of association for the reappointment of directors at AGMs.

All of the directors are subject to reappointment as directors at the 2011 AGM.

The text and tables that follow comprise the auditable part of the Directors’ remuneration report, being the information required by the UKLA 
Listing Rules 9.8.6 and 9.8.8.

Directors’ emoluments

Basic salary and fees

Chairman and other non-executive directors
Sir John Egan (Chairman – retired)
Dr Bernard Bulkin
Richard Davey
Andrew Duff (Chairman)
Gordon Fryett
Martin Lamb
Baroness Noakes

Executive directors
Tony Ballance
Martin Kane
Michael McKeon
Andy Smith
Tony Wray

Cash 
£000

BIKs 
£000

Annual 
bonus1
£000

Other2
£000

Total 
2010/11 
£000

Total 
2009/10 
£000

76.1
59.4
71.4
224.2
46.4
46.4
58.4

190.2
213.3
430.9
252.8
486.2
2,155.7

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

4.5
0.0
0.1
–
–
–
0.3

80.6
59.4
71.5
224.2
46.4
46.4
58.7

262.5
58.6
70.6
–
34.1
43.1
57.5

3.3
3.1
5.6
3.7
6.3
22.0

103.6
118.2
218.5
133.1
252.0
825.4

15.0
79.0
15.1
67.1
160.6
341.7

312.1
413.6
670.1
456.7
905.1
3,344.8

291.5
411.3
701.8
470.2
878.1
3,279.3

1  The directors receive 50% of their bonus in cash and 50% is deferred into shares to be held for three years.
2  Other emoluments include expenses chargeable to income tax, car allowances, travel allowances, telephone allowances, payments made under the group’s flexible benefits 

arrangements and amounts paid in lieu of pension contributions. Included in other emoluments are:

•  Sir John Egan car allowance £4,545

•  Dr Bernard Bulkin expenses £41

•  Richard Davey expenses £69

•  Baroness Noakes expenses £301

•  Tony Ballance flexible benefits payments £983 and car allowance £15,000

•  Martin Kane pension supplement £63,945, flexible benefits payments £126, car allowance £15,000 and expenses £12

•  Michael McKeon car allowance £15,000 and expenses £113

•  Andy Smith pension supplement £52,060, car allowance £15,000

•  Tony Wray pension supplement £145,560 and car allowance £15,000

52

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

Directors’ pension provisions

Name

Andy Smith
Tony Wray
Martin Kane

Name

Andy Smith
Tony Wray
Martin Kane

Notes: 

Service 
completed in 
years (including 
transferred in 
service credits)

Accrued 
pension at  
31 March 2011 
£pa

Increase in 
accrued pension  
during the year 
£pa

Increase in 
accrued pension  
during the year  
(net of inflation) 
£pa

Transfer value  
of accrued 
pension at  
31 March 2011 
£000

Transfer value  
of accrued 
pension at  
31 March 2010 
£000

Increase/ 
(decrease) in 
transfer value 
over the year,  
net of directors’ 
contributions 
£000

6
6
35

25,736
25,002
126,829

4,120
4,120
5,593

2,931
2,971
(1,075)1

434.2
404.8
2,000.6

328.9
303.7
1,751.2

97.9
93.7
249.4

Accrued  
pension at  
31 March 2011 
£pa

25,736
25,002
126,829

Increase in 
accrued pension 
during the year 
£pa

4,120
4,120
5,593

Increase in 
accrued pension 
during the year 
(net of inflation) 
£pa

2,931
2,971
(1,075)1

Transfer 
value of accrued 
benefits net 
of directors’ 
contributions 
£000

62.1
59.3
88.5

Relevant directors confirmed by Severn Trent Plc.

Accrued pension figures and transfer value calculations provided by Towers Watson.

There have been no changes to the transfer value basis since last year’s disclosures.

Allowance has been made for changes in market conditions over the year by applying the relevant Market Value Adjustment.

Inflation figure used in respect of year is to February 2011 (5.5%) as the latest available figure prior to the year end.

1  Martin Kane has an increase in accrued pension from £121,236 to £126,829 equating to 4.6%, inflation level used (February 2011) is 5.5% producing a negative net of inflation 

figure. Therefore the benefit increase is due to a change in salary not from additional accrual earned over the reporting period.

The following contributions were paid to defined contribution pension arrangements in respect of directors:

Name

Tony Ballance
Michael McKeon

2011

£67,175
£172,550

2010

£59,640
£170,000

Directors’ share interests
The directors of the company at 31 March 2011 and their beneficial interests in the shares of the company were as follows:

(i)  Beneficial holdings

Chairman and other non-executive directors
Dr Bernard Bulkin
Richard Davey
Andrew Duff (Chairman)
Martin Lamb
Baroness Noakes
Gordon Fryett

Executive directors
Tony Ballance
Martin Kane1
Michael McKeon
Andy Smith
Tony Wray

Notes: 

At 1 April 2010  
(or date of  
appointment if later) 
Number of ordinary  
shares of 9717/19p each

At 31 March 2011 
Number of  
ordinary shares of  
9717/19p each

At 23 May 2011 
Number of  
ordinary shares of  
9717/19p each

554
588
–
3,012
4,018
1,000

2,032
8,189
67
5,217
7,057

554
588
3,500
3,012
4,018
1,018

3,149
9,699
4,231
7,516
10,158

554
588
3,500
3,012
4,018
1,018

3,149
10,013
4,231
7,516
10,158

1  Martin Kane acquired 314 shares on 5 May 2011 following the exercise of his 2008 three year Sharesave scheme option.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

53

(ii)  Long Term Incentive Plan
The executive directors have further interests in the company’s ordinary shares of 9717/19p each by virtue of having received contingent 
awards of shares under the Severn Trent Plc Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP). The LTIP operates on a three year rolling basis. The Severn 
Trent Employee Share Ownership Trust is operated in conjunction with the LTIP. Awards do not vest until they have been held in trust for 
three years and specific performance criteria have been satisfied.

Executive directors have a technical interest in 552,019 shares held by the Employee Share Ownership Trust. The details of the 
performance criteria are explained on page 48 of this report. The individual interests, for the above named directors, which represent the 
maximum aggregate number of shares to which each individual could become entitled, are as follows:

Awards 
granted

Maximum 
award

Awards 
vested

Awards  
lapsed

Maximum outstanding 
awards as at  
31 March 2011

Tony Ballance

Martin Kane

Michael McKeon

Andy Smith

Tony Wray

18 July 2007
14 July 2008
7 July 2009
21 June 2010

18 July 2007
14 July 2008
7 July 2009
21 June 2010

18 July 2007
14 July 2008
7 July 2009
21 June 2010

18 July 2007
14 July 2008
7 July 2009
21 June 2010

18 July 2007
14 July 2008
7 July 2009
21 June 2010

3,261
5,486
7,405
6,803

3,475
6,001
8,154
8,504 

12,363
13,717
18,733
17,211

5,881
8,230
11,019
10,124

9,189
19,684
27,769
25,512

1,966
–
–
–

2,095
–
–
-

7,454
–
–
–

3,546
–
–
-

5,540
–
–
–

1,295
–
–
–

1,380
–
–
-

4,909
–
–
–

2,335
–
–
-

3,649
–
–
–

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–
5,486
7,405
6,803

–
6,001
8,154
8,504

–
13,717
18,733
17,211

–
8,230
11,019
10,124

–
19,684
27,769
25,512

The market price on the date of the 2010 award was 1,235 pence. The market price at the date of 2007 vesting was 1,221 pence.

The performance period for awards granted on 18 July 2007 ended on 31 March 2010. The TSR result and the level of vesting achieved for 
this award is shown below:

LTIP award

2007

Ranking

33 out of 85

Vesting %

60.3%

The performance period for awards granted on 14 July 2008 ended on 31 March 2011. The Committee has subsequently determined the 
TSR result and the level of vesting achieved for this award is shown below:

LTIP award

2008

Ranking

48 out of 89

Vesting %

0%

54

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Remuneration Committee (continued)

(iii) Annual Bonus Scheme
Since 2008, half of any bonus paid has been deferred into shares. The table below shows the directors’ deferred share awards and the 
vesting dates.

Name

Tony Ballance

Martin Kane

Michael McKeon

Andy Smith

Tony Wray

Date of grant

27 June 2008
7 July 2009
21 May 2010
27 June 2008
7 July 2009
21 May 2010
27 June 2008
7 July 2009
21 May 2010
27 June 2008
7 July 2009
21 May 2010
27 June 2008
7 July 2009
21 May 2010

Annual bonus  
deferred into shares

Number of  
shares

£24,554
£62,294
£51,448
£26,245
£68,598
£64,310
£85,667
£157,590
£128,724
£37,732
£92,700
£75,810
£76,029
£166,680
£138,996

1,818
5,669
4,139
1,957
6,243
5,173
6,345
14,343
10,355
2,794
8,437
6,098
5,631
15,187
11,182

Deferred share  
award vests

26 June 2011
6 July 2012
20 May 2013
26 June 2011
6 July 2012
20 May 2013
26 June 2011
6 July 2012
20 May 2013
26 June 2011
6 July 2012
20 May 2013
26 June 2011
6 July 2012
20 May 2013

(iv) Share Matching Plan

The Share Matching Plan received shareholder approval at the 2009 AGM. Under the Share Matching Plan executives can receive, subject 
to performance, matching shares for each share deferred under the annual bonus plan. For awards made in 2010 (the first set of awards 
granted under the plan), the ratio was limited to 0.5 matching share for each deferred share. The details of the performance criteria are 
explained on pages 48 and 49 of this report. The individual interests, for the directors under the Share Matching Plan, are as follows:

Tony Ballance
Martin Kane
Michael McKeon
Andy Smith
Tony Wray

Date of grant

21 May 2010
21 May 2010
21 May 2010
21 May 2010
21 May 2010

Maximum 
award

Awards  
vesting

Award  
lapsing

Maximum outstanding 
awards as at  
31 March 2011

2,069
2,586
5,177
3,049
5,591

–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

2,069
2,586
5,177
3,049
5,591

The number of shares subject to an award will be increased to reflect dividends paid through the performance period on the basis of such 
notional dividends being reinvested at the then prevailing share price. Awards will normally vest as soon as the Committee determines that 
the performance conditions have been met, provided that the participant remains in employment at the end of the performance period.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

55

(v)  Sharesave options over ordinary shares

At the start of 
the year  
(No. of shares)

Exercised  
during  
the year  
(No. of shares)

Cancelled 
during  
the year  
(No. of shares)

Granted  
during  
the year  
(No. of shares)

At the  
end of  
the year  
(No. of shares)

Year of  
grant of  
option

Exercise  
price (p)

Date from 
which 
exercisable

Expiry 
date

Sharesave1

Tony Ballance

Martin Kane

Michael McKeon
Andy Smith

Tony Wray

556
561

322
314
222
449
–

1,943
1,123

1,123

–

(322)
–
–

–

–

–

–
–
–

–

–

–

–
–
–

316

–

556
561

–
314
222
449
316

1,943
1,123

1,123

2009
2010

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

2009
2010

2010

862 May 2012 Oct 2012
808 May 2013 Oct 2013

1172 May 2010 Oct 2010
1221 May 2011 Oct 2011
862 May 2012 Oct 2012
808 May 2013 Oct 2013
1137 May 2014 Oct 2014

862 May 2014 Oct 2014
808 May 2013 Oct 2013

808 May 2013 Oct 2013

1  The executive directors, in common with all eligible UK employees of the group, are entitled to participate in the company’s HMRC approved Sharesave Scheme.

The terms and conditions applicable to these options are those provided in that scheme. The options have no performance conditions as 
such conditions are not permitted by legislation.

a)  No executive share options in respect of executive directors were granted or lapsed during the year. At 31 March 2011 there were two 

other executives participating in the group’s historical executive Share Option Scheme (31 March 2010: five other executives).

b)  At the close of business on 31 March 2011 the mid-market price of the company’s shares was 1461p and the range during the year  

was 1086p to 1513p.

Signed on behalf of the board which approved the Directors’ remuneration report on 26 May 2011.

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Richard Davey 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee

56

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Risk and assurance

Risk management process

Cascading  
objectives

Company  
risk map

Performance  
reporting and  
monitoring

Board & 
Committees

Businesses & 
Functions

STEC  
cut off

Departments, Teams & Individuals

filter

Business Unit  
risk maps

filter

Specific risk  
assessments, e.g.

safety asset

project

fraud

process

Enterprise Risk Management
Our established Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process as 
illustrated above is used for the identification and assessment of 
risks to significant business objectives. This includes consideration 
of the effectiveness of existing controls and identification, 
prioritisation and tracking of actions needed to reduce the risk and/
or improve controls. Our assessment also considers both financial 
and reputational impact of risks in order to give a holistic view.

During the year we have continued to work to fully embed the 
process across the business, including rolling out the process to 
Severn Trent Services. We have continued to keep the process 
fresh through the introduction of new tools and challenges and are 
working to better integrate with the processes used by business 
teams to monitor their performance.

The key business risks are formally reported to the Severn Trent 
Executive Committee and Audit Committee every six months and  
to the board annually. Reviews of risk generally take place within  
the business on a quarterly basis to monitor that our key risks are 
identified, that controls and mitigating actions continue to be 
effective and to confirm that focus is maintained on the most critical 
risks requiring attention.

During the year we have also held a risk workshop with the board 
which looked at their views on the most significant risks facing the 
organisation in order to give greater visibility of their view on risk. 
The key focus of these discussions was around the inter-
relationships between risks, and the board recognised that whilst 
some risks may not be catastrophic on their own, an aggregation of 
smaller risks occurring simultaneously or in close succession could 
become very significant.

In response to the discussions at the board we are now conducting 
a series of workshops aimed at challenging the robustness of 
controls in order to help us withstand even the most catastrophic 
scenario. These workshops will consider the inter-relationships 
between risks to enable us to obtain maximum value from the risk 
information held.

Over the coming year we will continue to work to maintain and 
improve our ERM process with a particular emphasis on closer 
integration with the business planning process. This will include 
clearer articulation of our willingness to accept risk as part of the 
prioritisation of business activity. 

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

57

Principal Risks
The following table illustrates the principal risks facing our business. However, as part of our regular reporting, other risks have also been 
considered and discussed by the Severn Trent Audit, Corporate Responsibility and Executive Committees and the board during the year.

Examples of how we are managing our risks can also be found in the table.

Principal risk and business impact

Examples of controls, procedures and future plans

Strategic

We continue to manage the risks associated with the delivery 
of the strategic objectives of Severn Trent Water including our 
ability to influence the regulatory framework towards creating 
a sustainable Water Industry in England and Wales and our 
ability to continue to develop a sustainable water company.

Additionally, in the current and ongoing challenging economic 
climate, we continue to address risks which may affect the 
strategic objective to grow Severn Trent Services such as the 
political situations in some of our markets and the threat of 
new competitors. 

Stakeholder

We continue to manage the risks associated with meeting  
the needs and expectations of key stakeholders (investors, 
regulators, customers, staff and suppliers) in order to protect  
and enhance our financial position, brand, reputation and 
investor confidence.

With regard to Severn Trent Water:

• We have a strategy to be the leading water and waste water 
company in the UK that is supported by a robust approach to 
legal and regulatory compliance.

• We have an appropriate organisational design to support the 
achievement of the strategy.

• We engage with key regulatory and government stakeholders to 
understand and influence the direction of future regulatory and 
public policy development within the Water Industry.

With regard to Severn Trent Services:

• We have a clearly articulated strategy in place for products and 
markets to be targeted.  See pages 16 and 19 for details.

• We are implementing a plan to deliver the anticipated growth.

• We have business partners in place to provide local support in 
target markets.

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• We promote and protect the reputation of Severn Trent Water 
through effective internal and external communications and 
robust crisis management plans that include a clear 
communications plan and responsibilities.

• We maintain performance across a range of corporate 
responsibility issues to increase confidence of our key 
stakeholders and to enhance and protect our reputation.

• We maintain close relationships with our regulators and other 
stakeholders.

• We continue to build on Changing Course and demonstrate 
thought leadership within the industry.  See page 21 
for details.

• We continue to work with our staff to ensure our people have 
the right skills.

• We monitor closely the performance of our One Supply Chain 
contractors involved on the AMP5 programme. 

58

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Governance
Risk and assurance (continued)

Principal risk and business impact

Examples of controls, procedures and future plans

Operational and asset related

We continue to manage the risks associated with our daily 
operations, including the failure of assets, processes or systems 
which in turn may affect our ability to serve our customers, could 
impact on health and safety or security at our sites and on our 
ability to meet regulatory targets.

Financial

We continue to manage the risks associated with our financial 
activities including our ability to effectively manage counterparty 
risk, attract funding at commercially attractive rates, fund 
pensions promises sustainably and meet the challenging stretch 
targets we have set ourselves within our Severn Trent Water and 
Severn Trent Services businesses. 

Legal, regulatory and compliance

We continue to manage the risks associated with potential 
non-compliance with the numerous and increasingly demanding 
obligations reflecting the international spread of our operations. 
Management of these is often dispersed throughout the 
organisation. We pay particular attention to risks in areas 
subjected to changing legal and regulatory requirements.

Current areas of focus include:

• The UK Bribery Act.

• The taking on of private sewers and lateral drains (PDAS).

• The introduction of Service Incentive Mechanism (SIM)  
by Ofwat.

• We have asset management plans in place for key assets and 
investment governance boards to prioritise capital investment.

• We have initiated an ‘Always On’ improvement programme to 
improve controls in relation to investment, training, and the 
processes and equipment to maintain our distribution network.

• We conduct contingency planning and ‘what if’ analyses to 
ensure our assets, systems and processes are robust to 
withstand significant disruption events. 

• We have safety improvement programmes in place at all sites 
driven by local employee groups to continuously improve 
performance.  See page 15 for details.

• We run awareness campaigns to ensure security issues are 
appropriately considered. 

• We have developed a close working relationship with 
government departments and emergency forces to maintain 
appropriate levels of security required at all critical sites.

• We have regular detailed counterparty and investment reporting 
processes and monitoring.

• Through planning and monitoring we ensure the group has 
access to funds to meet its ongoing business needs. 

• We have an effective Pension Trustee structure, investment 
policy and investment performance monitoring process in place 
in addition to regular board reviews of pension affordability. 

• We ensure external audits are conducted of processes and 
departments. 

• We establish business plans and budgets and continually 
monitor the financial performance of our businesses against 
those targets.

• We have established a compliance management framework,  
as part of the corporate governance framework for the group, 
for Severn Trent Water.

• We plan to undertake a legal risk review of our Severn Trent 
Services business.

• We are currently in the process of updating our existing Anti 
Bribery and Anti Fraud Policy and supporting standards to 
reflect the Bribery Act 2010 guidance.

• We have a change programme in place to effectively manage 
the transfer of private sewers and lateral drains.  See page 11 
for details.

Independent auditor’s report to the members  
of Severn Trent Plc

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

59

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies  
Act 2006
In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ report for 
the financial year for which the group financial statements are 
prepared is consistent with the group financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following:

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you 
if, in our opinion:

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by 

law are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations  

we require for our audit.

Under the Listing Rules we are required to review:

•  the directors’ statement, contained within the Directors’ 

report, in relation to going concern;

•  the part of the Chairman’s letter relating to the company’s 
compliance with the nine provisions of the June 2008 
Combined Code specified for our review; and

•  certain elements of the report to shareholders by the Board 

on directors’ remuneration.

Other matters
We have reported separately on the parent company financial 
statements of Severn Trent Plc for the year ended 31 March 
2011 and on the information in the Remuneration Committee 
report that is described as having been audited.

Carl D Hughes (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London, UK 
26 May 2011

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i

We have audited the group financial statements of Severn Trent 
Plc for the year ended 31 March 2011 which comprise the 
consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes 
in equity, the consolidated balance sheet, the consolidated cash 
flow statement, and the related notes 1 to 40. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is 
applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a 
body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibility statement, 
the directors are responsible for the preparation of the group 
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an 
opinion on the group financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and 
Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give 
reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from 
material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This 
includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies  
are appropriate to the group’s circumstances and have been 
consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the 
reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by  
the directors; and the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. In addition, we read all the financial and non-
financial information in the annual report to identify material 
inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. If we 
become aware of any apparent material misstatements or 
inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.

Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion the group financial statements:

•  give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as 
at 31 March 2011 and of its profit for the year then ended;
•  have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 

adopted by the European Union; and

•  have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of 
the Companies Act 2006 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.

 
60

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 March 2011

Turnover
Operating costs before exceptional items
Exceptional restructuring costs
Exceptional charge relating to regulatory matters
Total operating costs
Exceptional loss on disposal of businesses
Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items
Exceptional items
Profit before interest and tax
Finance income
Finance costs
Net finance costs
(Losses)/gains on financial instruments
Share of results of associates and joint ventures
Profit before tax, (losses)/gains on financial instruments and exceptional items
Exceptional Items
(Losses)/gains on financial instruments
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation
Taxation on profit on ordinary activities
Current tax
Deferred tax
Exceptional deferred tax credit arising from rate change
Total taxation

Profit for the period

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the company
Non-controlling interests

Earnings per share (pence)
Basic
Diluted

Notes

6, 5
7
8
8
7
8
5
8

10
11

12

8
12

13
13
13
13

15
15

2011
£m

1,711.3
(1,192.2)
(13.7)
(7.7)
(1,213.6)
–
519.1
(21.4)
497.7
100.7
(331.3)
(230.6)
(14.2)
0.1
288.6
(21.4)
(14.2)
253.0

(32.1)
(14.1)
67.7
21.5

2010
£m

1,703.9
(1,146.8)
(48.0)
–
(1,194.8)
(1.7)
557.1
(49.7)
507.4
80.9
(299.7)
(218.8)
45.7
0.1
338.4
(49.7)
45.7
334.4

(40.7)
(42.2)
–
(82.9)

274.5

251.5

272.6
1.9

274.5

115.2
114.6

249.2
2.3

251.5

105.6
105.5

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 March 2011

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

61

Profit for the period

Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges taken to equity
Deferred tax on gains/losses on cash flow hedges taken to equity
Amounts on cash flow hedges transferred to the income statement in the period
Deferred tax on transfers to income statement
Exchange movement on translation of overseas results and net assets
Tax on exchange differences on foreign currency
Actuarial gains/(losses) on defined benefit pension schemes
Tax on actuarial gains/losses
Deferred tax movement arising from rate change

Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period

Total comprehensive income for the period

Attributable to:
Equity shareholders of the company
Non-controlling interests

2011
£m

274.5

16.0
(4.1)
4.5
(1.2)
(6.3)
(0.4)
50.7
(13.2)
0.7

2010
£m

251.5

(13.2)
3.7
7.6
(2.1)
(9.0)
(0.4)
(124.4)
34.8
–

46.7

(103.0)

321.2

148.5

319.7
1.5

321.2

146.5
2.0

148.5

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62

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 31 March 2011

At 1 April 2009

Profit for the period
Losses on cashflow hedges taken to equity
Deferred tax on losses on cashflow hedges taken 
to equity
Amounts on cash flow hedges transferred to the 
income statement
Deferred tax on transfers to the income statement
Exchange movement on translation of overseas 
results and net assets
Tax on exchange differences
Actuarial losses
Tax on actuarial losses

Total comprehensive income for the period
Share options and LTIPs
- proceeds from shares issued
- value of employees’ services
- free shares issued
Current tax on share based payments
Dividends paid

Share
capital
£m

231.0

–
–

–

–
–

–
–
–
–

–

0.6
–
–
–
–

At 31 March 2010

231.6

75.9

455.6

Profit for the period
Gains on cashflow hedges taken to equity
Deferred tax on gains on cashflow hedges taken 
to equity
Amounts on cash flow hedges transferred to the 
income statement
Deferred tax on transfers to the income statement
Exchange movement on translation of overseas 
results and net assets
Tax on exchange differences
Actuarial gains
Tax on actuarial gains
Deferred tax arising from rate change

Total comprehensive income for the period
Share options and LTIPs
- proceeds from shares issued
- value of employees’ services
- free shares issued
Current tax on share based payments
Deferred tax on share based payments
Dividends paid

–
–

–

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

0.6
–
–
–
–
–

–
–

–

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

4.1
–
–
–
–
–

–
16.0

(4.1)

4.5
(1.2)

(5.9)
(0.4)
–
–
–

8.9

–
–
–
–
–
–

Share
premium
£m

Other
reserves
£m

Retained
earnings
£m

Equity 
attributable to 
equity holders 
of Severn
Trent Plc
£m

Non-
controlling
interests
£m

71.9

468.7

–
–

–

–
–

–
–
–
–

–

4.0
–
–
–
–

–
(13.2)

3.7

7.6
(2.1)

(8.7)
(0.4)
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

(13.1)

159.6

174.5

249.2
–

–

–
–

–
–
(124.4)
34.8

–
5.1
(2.2)
0.3
(159.7)

177.6

272.6
–

–

–
–

–
–
50.7
(13.2)
0.7

946.1

249.2
(13.2)

3.7

7.6
(2.1)

(8.7)
(0.4)
(124.4)
34.8

146.5

4.6
5.1
(2.2)
0.3
(159.7)

940.7

272.6
16.0

(4.1)

4.5
(1.2)

(5.9)
(0.4)
50.7
(13.2)
0.7

310.8

319.7

–
4.6
(2.0)
0.3
1.2
(169.4)

4.7
4.6
(2.0)
0.3
1.2
(169.4)

Total
£m

952.1

251.5
(13.2)

3.7

7.6
(2.1)

(9.0)
(0.4)
(124.4)
34.8

148.5

4.6
5.1
(2.2)
0.3
(161.4)

947.0

274.5
16.0

(4.1)

4.5
(1.2)

(6.3)
(0.4)
50.7
(13.2)
0.7

321.2

4.7
4.6
(2.0)
0.3
1.2
(170.9)

6.0

2.3
–

–

–
–

(0.3)
–
–
–

2.0

–
–
–
–
(1.7)

6.3

1.9
–

–

–
–

(0.4)
–
–
–
–

1.5

–
–
–
–
–
(1.5)

At 31 March 2011

232.2

80.0

464.5

323.1

1,099.8

6.3

1,106.1

Consolidated balance sheet

At 31 March 2011

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

63

2011

Note

£m

2010
(Restated
see note 3)
£m

70.6
138.5
6,302.0
0.3
4.6
203.8
0.1

68.3
134.9
6,427.0
0.2
4.8
188.1
0.1

6,823.4

6,719.9

27.1
478.5
4.3
315.2

825.1

26.5
472.8
2.9
227.8

730.0

7,648.5

7,449.9

(23.9)
(0.1)
(391.2)
(67.0)
(12.6)

(260.9)
(4.4)
(464.4)
(67.2)
(25.5)

(494.8)

(822.4)

(4,320.5)
(122.4)
(367.8)
(919.4)
(292.1)
(25.4)

(3,915.6)
(140.3)
(284.9)
(956.4)
(354.9)
(28.4)

(6,047.6)

(5,680.5)

(6,542.4)

(6,502.9)

1,106.1

947.0

232.2
80.0
464.5
323.1

1,099.8
6.3

1,106.1

231.6
75.9
455.6
177.6

940.7
6.3

947.0

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17
18
19
20
32
32

21
22
32
23

32
32
25

28

32
32
25
26
27
28

29
30
31

Non-current assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Interests in joint ventures
Interests in associates
Derivative financial instruments
Available for sale financial assets

Current assets
Inventory
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Current liabilities
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Trade and other payables
Current income tax liabilities
Provisions for liabilities and charges

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Trade and other payables
Deferred tax
Retirement benefit obligations
Provisions for liabilities and charges

Total liabilities

Net assets

Capital and reserves attributable to the company’s equity shareholders
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Equity attributable to the company’s equity shareholders
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Signed on behalf of the board who approved the accounts on 26 May 2011.

Andrew Duff 
Chairman 

Michael McKeon
Finance Director

Company Number: 2366619

 
64
64

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Consolidated cash flow statement

For the year ended 31 March 2011

Cash generated from operations
Tax paid

Net cash generated from operating activities

Investing activities
Interest received
Dividends received from associates and joint ventures
Net cash inflow from sale of investments
Acquisition of subsidiaries
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Purchases of intangible assets
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Contributions and grants received

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities
Interest paid
Closed out swap
Interest element of finance lease payments
Dividends paid to shareholders of the parent
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests
Repayments of borrowings
Repayments of obligations under finance leases
New loans raised
Issues of shares
Purchase of own shares

Net cash used in financing activities

Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Net cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Effect of foreign exchange rates

Net cash and cash equivalents at end of period

The increase in cash and cash equivalents is reconciled to the movement in net debt in note 34.

Note

34

2011
£m

753.0
(32.4)

2010
£m

708.0
(53.8)

720.6

654.2

10.3
–
–
–
5.1
(20.9)
(403.1)
19.4

10.5
0.1
2.2
(13.2)
6.9
(47.8)
(464.9)
18.0

(389.2)

(488.2)

(179.8)
20.5
(10.8)
(169.4)
(1.5)
(28.7)
(47.3)
171.2
4.7
(2.0)

(194.7)
–
(10.0)
(159.7)
(1.7)
(180.0)
(43.2)
1.0
4.6
(2.2)

(243.1)

(585.9)

88.3
227.8
(0.9)

315.2

(419.9)
648.1
(0.4)

227.8

Notes to the group financial statements

For the year ended 31 March 2011

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

65

1  General information
The Severn Trent group has a number of operations. These are 
described in the segmental analysis in note 5.

Severn Trent Plc is a company incorporated and domiciled in the 
United Kingdom. The address of its registered office is shown on 
the back of the cover of the annual report and accounts.

Severn Trent Plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

2  Accounting policies
a)  Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance  
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), 
International Accounting Standards (IAS) and IFRIC 
interpretations issued and effective and ratified by the  
European Union as at 31 March 2011.

The financial statements have been prepared on the going 
concern basis (see Directors’ report on page 28) under the 
historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of 
certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative 
instruments) at fair value.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS 
requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the 
financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and 
expenses for the reporting period. Although these estimates are 
based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or 
actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

b)  Basis of consolidation
The financial statements include the results of Severn Trent Plc 
and its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated undertakings. 
The results of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated 
undertakings are included from the date of acquisition or 
incorporation, and excluded from the date of disposal.

The results of subsidiaries are consolidated where the group has 
the power to control a subsidiary.

The results of joint venture undertakings are accounted for on an 
equity basis where the company exercised joint control under a 
contractual arrangement.

The results of associates are accounted for on an equity basis 
where the company holding is 20% or more or the company has 
the power to exercise significant influence.

Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated 
subsidiaries are identified separately from the group’s equity 
therein. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those 
interests at the date of the original business combination and the 
non-controlling interest’s share of changes in equity since that 
date. Losses attributable to the non-controlling interest in excess 
of its interest in the subsidiary’s equity are allocated against the 
interests of the group except to the extent that the non-
controlling interest has a binding obligation and is able to make 
an additional investment to cover the losses.

All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are 
eliminated on consolidation.

c)  Revenue recognition
Revenue represents the fair value of consideration receivable, 
excluding value added tax, trade discounts and inter-company 
sales, in the ordinary course of business for goods and  
services provided.

Revenue is not recognised until the service has been provided to 
the customer, or the goods to which the sale relates have either 
been despatched to the customer or, where they are held on the 
customer’s behalf, title has passed to the customer.

Turnover includes an estimate of the amount of mains water and 
waste water charges unbilled at the year end. The accrual is 
estimated using a defined methodology based upon a measure 
of unbilled water consumed by tariff, which is calculated from 
historical billing information.

In respect of long term contracts, revenue is recognised based 
on the value of work carried out during the year with reference  
to the total sales value and the stage of completion of  
these contracts.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis by reference to the 
principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable. 
Dividend income from investments is recognised when the 
group’s rights to receive payment have been established. 
Interest and dividend income are included in finance income.

d)  Exceptional items
Exceptional items are income or expenditure, which individually 
or, if of a similar type, in aggregate should, in the opinion of the 
directors, be disclosed by virtue of their size or nature if the 
financial statements are to give a true and fair view. In this 
context, materiality is assessed at the segment level.

e)  Taxation
Current tax payable is based on taxable profit for the year. 
Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the income 
statement because it excludes items of income and expenses 
that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further 
excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The  
group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates  
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the  
balance sheet date.

Deferred taxation is provided in full, using the liability method,  
on taxable temporary differences between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial 
statements. A deferred tax asset is only recognised to the extent 
it is probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available in  
the future to utilise it. Deferred taxation is measured on a 
non-discounted basis using the tax rates and laws that have  
then been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance 
sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred 
income tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a 
legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against 
current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes  
levied by the same taxation authority and the group intends  
to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

f)  Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase 
consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired. 
Goodwill arising on acquisition of subsidiaries is included in 
intangible assets, whilst goodwill arising on acquisition of 
associates is included in investments in associates. If an 
acquisition gives rise to negative goodwill this is credited  
directly to the income statement. Fair value adjustments  
based on provisional estimates are amended within one year  
of the acquisition, if required, with a corresponding adjustment  
to goodwill.

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Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

2  Accounting policies (continued)
f)  Goodwill (continued)
Goodwill arising on all acquisitions prior to 1 April 1998 was 
written off to reserves under UK GAAP and remains eliminated 
against reserves. Purchased goodwill arising on acquisitions 
after 31 March 1998 is treated as an intangible fixed asset.

Goodwill is tested for impairment in accordance with the policy 
set out in note 2 m) below and carried at cost less accumulated 
impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating 
unit that derives benefit from the goodwill for impairment  
testing purposes.

Where goodwill forms part of a cash-generating unit and all  
or part of that unit is disposed of, the associated goodwill is 
included in the carrying amount of that operation when 
determining the gain or loss on disposal of the operation.

g)  Intangible non-current assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are capitalised at cost and 
when acquired in a business combination are capitalised at fair 
value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, the 
historical cost model is applied to intangible assets. Amortisation 
charged on assets with finite lives is taken to the income 
statement through operating expenses.

Finite life intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis 
over their estimated useful economic lives as follows:

Software
Other assets

Years
3-10
2-20

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment where indicators 
of impairment exist.

h)  Research and development
Research expenditure is expensed when it is incurred. 
Development expenditure is capitalised and written off over  
its expected useful economic life where the following criteria  
are met:

•  it is technically feasible to create and make the asset 

available for use or sale; 

•  there are adequate resources available to complete the 

development and to use or sell the asset;

•  there is the intention and ability to use or sell the asset;
•  it is probable that the asset created will generate future 

economic benefits; and

•  the development cost can be measured reliably.

Expenditure on property, plant and equipment relating to 
research and development projects is capitalised and written  
off over the expected useful life of those assets.

i)  Pre-contract costs
Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred except where it is 
probable that the contract will be awarded, in which case they 
are recognised as a prepayment which is written off to the 
income statement over the life of the contract.

j)  Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is held at cost (or at deemed 
costs for infrastructure assets on transition to IFRS) less 
accumulated depreciation. The costs of like for like replacement 
of infrastructure components are recognised in the income 
statement as they arise. Where it is probable that the 
expenditure will cause future economic benefits to flow to  
the group, then costs are capitalised. 

Where items of property, plant and equipment are transferred  
to the group from customers or developers, the fair value of the 
asset transferred is recognised in the balance sheet. Fair value 
is determined based on estimated depreciated replacement cost. 
Where the transfer is in exchange for connection to the network 
and there is no further obligation, the corresponding credit is 
recognised immediately in turnover. Where the transfer is 
considered to be linked to the provision of ongoing services  
the corresponding credit is recorded in deferred income and 
released to operating costs over the expected useful lives of  
the related assets.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, 
construction or production of assets, that necessarily take a 
substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, are 
added to the cost of those assets until such time as the assets 
are ready for their intended use.

Property, plant and equipment is depreciated to its estimated 
residual value over its estimated useful life, with the exception  
of freehold land which is not depreciated. Assets in the course  
of construction are not depreciated until commissioned.

The estimated useful lives are:

Infrastructure assets
Impounding reservoirs
Raw water aqueducts
Mains
Sewers
Other assets
Buildings
Fixed plant and equipment
Vehicles and mobile plant

Years

250
250
80-150
150-200

30-80
20-40
2-15

k)  Leased assets
Where the group obtains assets under leasing arrangements 
which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of 
ownership of an asset to the group as lessee (finance leases), 
the lower of the fair value of the leased asset or the present 
value of the minimum lease payments is capitalised as an asset 
with a corresponding liability representing the obligation to the 
lessor. Lease payments are treated as consisting of a capital 
element and a finance charge, the capital element reducing the 
obligation to the lessor and the finance charge being written off 
to the income statement at a constant rate over the period of  
the lease in proportion to the capital amount outstanding. 
Depreciation is charged over the shorter of the estimated useful 
life and the lease period.

Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of 
ownership remain with the lessor are classified as operating 
leases. Rental costs arising under operating leases are 
expensed on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. 
Leases of land are normally treated as operating leases, unless 
ownership is transferred to the group at the end of the lease.

l)  Grants and contributions
Grants and contributions received in respect of non-current 
assets, including certain charges made as a result of new 
connections to the water and sewerage networks, are treated as 
deferred income and released to the income statement over the 
useful economic life of those non-current assets.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

67

2  Accounting policies (continued)
l)  Grants and contributions (continued)
Grants and contributions which are given in compensation for 
expenses incurred with no future related costs are recognised in 
operating costs in the income statement in the period that they 
become receivable.

m) Impairment of non-current assets
If the recoverable amount of goodwill, an item of property, plant 
and equipment, or any other non-current asset is estimated to be 
less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset  
is reduced to its recoverable amount. Where the asset does not 
generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the 
group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating 
unit to which the asset belongs. Recoverable amount is the 
higher of fair value less costs to sell or estimated value in use  
at the date the impairment review is undertaken. Fair value less 
costs to sell represents the amount obtainable from the sale  
of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between 
knowledgeable and willing third parties, less costs of disposal. 
Value in use represents the present value of future cash flows 
expected to be derived from a cash generating unit, discounted 
using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market 
assessments of the cost of capital of the cash-generating  
unit or asset.

The discount rate used is based on the group’s cost of capital 
adjusted for the risk profiles of individual businesses.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually. Impairment reviews 
are also carried out if there is an indication that an impairment 
may have occurred, or, where otherwise required, to ensure  
that non-current assets are not carried above their estimated 
recoverable amounts.

Impairments are recognised in the income statement.

present value of the liabilities of the group’s defined benefit 
pension schemes expected to arise from employee service in 
the period, is included in operating costs. The expected return 
on the scheme’s assets and the increase during the period in the 
present value of the scheme’s liabilities, arising from the passage 
of time, are included in other finance income or cost.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments, 
changes in actuarial assumptions and amendments to pension 
plans are charged or credited to equity and recorded in the 
statement of comprehensive income.

Contributions to defined contribution pension schemes are 
charged to the income statement in the period in which they  
fall due.

q)  Provisions
Provisions are recognised where:

•  there is a present obligation as a result of a past event;
•  it is probable that there will be an outflow of economic 

benefits to settle this obligation; and

•  a reliable estimate of this amount can be made.

Insurance provisions are recognised for claims notified and for 
claims incurred but which have not yet been notified, based on 
advice from the group’s independent insurance advisers.

Provisions are discounted to present value using a pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects the risks specific to the liability where 
the effect is material.

r)  Purchase of own shares
The group balance sheet includes the shares held by the Severn 
Trent Employee Share Ownership Trust and which have not 
vested unconditionally by the balance sheet date. These are 
shown as a deduction from shareholders’ funds until such time 
as they vest.

n)  Inventory
Inventory and work in progress is stated at the lower of cost and 
net realisable value. Cost includes labour, materials, transport 
and attributable overheads.

s)  Financial instruments
(i)  Financial assets
Financial assets are classified into the following specified 
categories:

o)  Service concession agreements
Where the group has an unconditional right to receive cash from 
a government body in exchange for constructing or upgrading  
a public sector asset, the amounts receivable are recognised  
as a financial asset in prepayments and accrued income.

Costs of constructing or upgrading the public sector asset are 
recognised on a straight line basis, before adjusting for expected 
inflation, over the life of the contract.

p)  Retirement benefits
The group operates both defined benefit and defined 
contribution pension schemes.

The difference between the value of defined benefit pension 
scheme assets and defined benefit pension scheme liabilities  
is recorded on the balance sheet as a retirement benefit asset  
or obligation.

Defined benefit pension scheme assets are measured using bid 
price. Defined benefit pension scheme liabilities are measured  
at the balance sheet date by an independent actuary using the 
projected unit method and discounted at the current rate of 
return on high quality corporate bonds of equivalent term and 
currency to the liability. Service cost, which is the increase in the 

•  At fair value through profit or loss;
•  Held to maturity investments;
•  Available for sale financial assets; and
•  Loans and receivables.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset is classified at fair value through profit or loss if 
it is so designated or if it is held for trading. Derivative financial 
assets that are not designated and effective as hedging 
instruments are classified as held for trading. Financial assets at 
fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any 
gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in  
gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement. 
Fair value is determined using the methodology described in 
note 32. Interest receivable in respect of derivative financial 
assets is included in finance income.

Held to maturity investments
Where the group has the ability and intent to hold an investment 
to maturity the financial asset is classified as held to maturity. 
Such financial assets are measured at amortised cost using the 
effective interest rate method, with any gains or losses being 
recognised in the income statement.

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Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

2  Accounting policies (continued)
s)  Financial instruments (continued)
(i)  Financial assets (continued)
Available for sale financial assets
After initial recognition at cost (being the fair value of the 
consideration paid), investments which are classified as 
available for sale are measured at fair value, with gains or losses 
recognised in equity. When an available for sale investment is 
disposed of or impaired, the gain or loss previously recognised in 
equity is taken to the income statement. Where there is no active 
market in the investments and the fair value cannot be measured 
reliably, the investments are held at cost.

Loans and receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables that have fixed  
or determinable payments and that are not quoted in an active 
market are classified as loans and receivables. Such assets are 
measured at fair value on initial recognition and are subsequently 
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate 
method unless there is objective evidence that the asset is 
impaired, where it is written down to its recoverable amount and 
the irrecoverable amount is recognised as an expense.

Trade receivables that are assessed not to be impaired 
individually are assessed collectively for impairment by reference 
to the group’s historical collection experience for receivables of 
similar age.

(ii)  Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as either:

•  financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss; or
•  other financial liabilities.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
A financial liability is classified at fair value through profit or loss 
if it is so designated or if it is held for trading. Derivative financial 
liabilities that are not designated and effective as hedging 
instruments are classified as held for trading. Financial liabilities 
at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with 
any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in 
gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement. 
Fair value is determined using the methodology described in 
note 32. Interest payable in respect of derivative financial 
liabilities is included in finance costs.

Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially 
recognised at fair value less transaction costs. After initial 
recognition, other financial liabilities are subsequently measured 
at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

(iii) Hedge accounting
The group uses derivative financial instruments such as cross 
currency swaps, forward currency contracts and interest rate 
swaps to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency and 
interest rate fluctuations. Such derivative instruments are 
recognised and measured in accordance with the accounting 
policies described above. 

At the inception of the hedge relationship the group documents:

•  the relationship between the hedging instrument and the 

hedged item;

•  its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking 

hedge transactions; and

•  whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in 
offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows (as 
appropriate) of the hedged item.

The group continues to test and document the effectiveness of 
the hedge on an ongoing basis.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument 
expires, is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies 
for hedge accounting.

Fair value hedges
Where a loan or borrowing is in a fair value hedging relationship 
it is remeasured for changes in fair value of the hedged risk at 
the balance sheet date, with gains or losses being recognised in 
gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement. 
The gain or loss on the hedging instrument is taken to gains/
losses on financial instruments in the income statement where 
the effective portion of the hedge will offset the gain or loss on 
the hedged item.

When hedge accounting is discontinued the fair value 
adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising 
from the hedged risk is amortised to the income statement from 
that date.

Cash flow hedges
The portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument that  
is determined to be an effective hedge is recognised directly in 
equity and the ineffective portion in gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement. The gains or losses 
deferred in equity in this way are recycled through gains/losses 
on financial instruments in the income statement in the same 
period in which the hedged underlying transaction or firm 
commitment is recognised in the income statement.

When hedge accounting is discontinued any cumulative gain  
or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in equity is kept  
in equity until the forecast transaction occurs, or transferred  
to gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement 
if the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur.

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations
Where forward currency contracts and foreign currency 
borrowings are used to hedge net investments in foreign 
currency denominated operations, to the extent that they are 
designated and effective as net investment hedges, they are 
matched in equity against changes in value of the related assets. 
Any ineffectiveness is taken to gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement.

(iv) Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other 
host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their 
risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the 
host contract and the host contract is not carried at fair value, 
with gains and losses reported in gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement.

t)  Share based payments
The group operates a number of equity settled share based 
compensation plans for employees. The fair value of the 
employee services received in exchange for the grant is 
recognised as an expense over the vesting period of the grant.

The fair value of employee services is determined by reference 
to the fair value of the awards granted calculated using an 
appropriate pricing model, excluding the impact of any  
non-market vesting conditions. The number of awards that are 
expected to vest takes into account non-market vesting 
conditions including, where appropriate, continuing employment 
by the group. The charge is adjusted to reflect shares that do not 
vest as a result of failing to meet a non-market condition.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

69

2  Accounting policies (continued)
u)  Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash and cash 
equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily 
convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to 
an insignificant risk of change in value. Such investments are 
normally those with less than three months’ maturity from the 
date of acquisition and include cash and bank balances and 
investments in liquid funds. Cash and cash equivalents also 
include overdrafts repayable on demand.

v)  Foreign currency
The results of overseas subsidiary and associated undertakings 
are translated into sterling, the presentational currency of the 
group, using average rates of exchange ruling during the year.

The net investments in overseas subsidiary and associated 
undertakings are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange 
ruling at the year end. Exchange differences thus arising are 
treated as movements in equity. On disposal of a foreign 
currency denominated subsidiary, the deferred cumulative 
amount recognised in equity since 1 April 2004 relating to that 
entity is recognised in the income statement under the 
transitional rule of IFRS 1.

Exchange differences arising in respect of foreign exchange 
instruments taken out as hedges of overseas investments are 
also treated as movements in equity to the extent that the hedge 
is effective (see note 2 s).

All other foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of 
the company and its subsidiary undertakings are translated into 
the relevant functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at 
the year end. Any exchange differences so arising are dealt with 
through the income statement. 

Foreign currency transactions arising during the year are 
translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling on the date 
of the transaction. All profits and losses on exchange arising 
during the year are dealt with through the income statement.

w)  Discontinued operations and assets held for sale
Where an asset or group of assets (a disposal group) is available 
for immediate sale and the sale is highly probable and expected 
to occur within one year then the disposal group is deemed as 
held for sale. The disposal group is measured at the lower of the 
carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Where a group of assets which comprises operations that can 
be clearly distinguished operationally and for financial reporting 
purposes from the rest of the group, (a component), has been 
disposed of or classified as held for sale, and it:

•  represents a separate major line of business or geographical 

area of operations; or

•  is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate 
major line of business or geographical area of operations; or

•  is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale;

then the component is classified as a discontinued operation.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at 
the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. 
Depreciation is not charged on such assets.

3  New accounting policies and future requirements
IAS 27 (revised) was required to be implemented by the group 
from 1 April 2010. The revised standard requires the effects of  
all transactions with non-controlling interests to be recorded in 
equity if there is no change in control. The standard also 
specifies the accounting when control is lost. The group has had 
no transactions in the current or prior year that would have been 
impacted by the revised standard.

IFRS 3 (revised) was also required to be implemented by the 
group from 1 April 2010. The standard continues to apply the 
acquisition method to business combinations, with some 
significant changes. The group has had no significant 
transactions in the current or prior year that would have been 
impacted by the revised standard.

IFRIC 18 “Transfers of assets from customers” was issued in 
January 2009 and was required to be applied with effect from  
1 April 2010 for assets transferred after 1 July 2009. Where 
property, plant and equipment is transferred, the fair value of the 
asset is recognised in the balance sheet. Where the transfer is  
in exchange for connection to the network, the corresponding 
credit is recognised immediately in turnover. However, in most 
cases the transfer is considered to be linked to the provision of 
ongoing services and in these cases the corresponding credit is 
recorded in deferred income and released to operating costs 
over the expected useful lives of the related assets. The impact 
of the adoption of IFRIC 18 on the comparative figures presented 
in these financial statements is summarised below:

At 31 March 2010
As previously stated
Fair value of assets 
transferred

Property 
plant and 
equipment
£m
6,260.5

Trade and other payables

Current 
liabilities
£m
(464.2)

Non-current 
liabilities
£m
(243.6)

41.5

(0.2)

(41.3)

As restated

6,302.0

(464.4)

(284.9)

The following standards have been issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board and are likely to affect future 
financial statements.

IFRS 9 “Financial instruments” is likely to affect the 
measurement and disclosure of financial instruments. The 
standard is required to be implemented by the group with effect 
from the year ending 31 March 2014, subject to EU 
endorsement. 

IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” was issued in May 
2011 and is required to be implemented by the group from 1 April 
2013. The standard includes a new definition of control to be 
used to determine when entities are consolidated. The standard 
is not expected to have a material impact on the current 
consolidation.

IFRS 11 “Joint Agreements” was issued in May 2011 and is 
required to be implemented by the group from 1 April 2013.  
IFRS 11 replaces IAS 31 “Interests in Joint Ventures” and SIC-13 
“Jointly-controlled Entities”. IFRS 11 uses the definition of control 
given in IFRS 10 to define joint control and removes the option  
to account for joint ventures using proportionate consolidation. 
This is not expected to have a material impact on the group.

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70

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

c)  Retirement benefit obligations
Determining the amount of the group’s retirement benefit 
obligations and the net costs of providing such benefits requires 
assumptions to be made concerning long term interest rates, 
inflation, salary and pension increases, investment returns and 
longevity of current and future pensioners. Changes in these 
assumptions could significantly impact the amount of the 
obligations or the cost of providing such benefits. The group 
makes assumptions concerning these matters with the 
assistance of advice from independent qualified actuaries. 
Details of the assumptions made are set out in note 27 to the 
financial statements.

d)  Unbilled revenue
Severn Trent Water raises bills and recognises revenue in 
accordance with its right to receive revenue in line with the limits 
established by the periodic regulatory price review processes. 
For water and waste water customers with water meters, the 
amount recognised is dependent upon the volume supplied 
including an estimate of the sales value of units supplied 
between the date of the last meter read and the year end. Meters 
are read on a cyclical basis and the group recognises revenue 
for unbilled amounts based on estimated usage from the last 
billing to the end of the financial year. The estimated usage is 
based on historical data, judgement and assumptions.

e)  Provision for impairment of trade receivables
Provisions are made against Severn Trent Water’s trade 
receivables based on historical experience of levels of recovery 
from accounts in a particular ageing category. The actual 
amounts collected could differ from the estimated level of 
recovery which could impact operating results.

5  Segmental analysis
The group has two reportable segments: Severn Trent Water 
and Severn Trent Services. The key factor determining the 
identification of reportable segments is the regulatory 
environment in which the businesses operate. Severn Trent 
Water is subject to economic regulation by Ofwat and operates 
under a licence to provide water and sewerage services within a 
defined geographical region in England and Wales. Severn Trent 
Services is not subject to economic regulation and operates in 
markets in the USA, Europe and Asia.

The Severn Trent Executive Committee (STEC) is considered to 
be the group’s chief operating decision maker. The reports 
provided to STEC include segmental information prepared on 
the basis described above. Details of Severn Trent Water’s 
operations are described on pages 10 to 15 of the Business 
Review and those of Severn Trent Services on pages 16 to 19.

The group has a large and diverse customer base and there is 
no significant reliance on any single customer.

3  New accounting policies and future  

requirements (continued)

IFRS 12 “Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities” was issued in 
May 2011 and is required to be implemented by the group from  
1 April 2013. The standard provides disclosure requirements for 
subsidiaries, associates and joint agreements and structured 
entities which were previously covered in IAS 27, IAS 28 and IAS 
31. Additional disclosures will be required in the group financial 
statements to meet the requirements of the standard.

IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement” was issued in May 2011 and 
is required to be implemented by the group from 1 April 2013. 
The standard provides additional guidance on how to measure 
fair value but does not change when fair value is permitted or 
required. The standard may impact the methods of determining 
fair value which are currently employed by the group and will 
require enhanced disclosure of these methods. 

The directors assess that the other standards and interpretations 
issued but not yet effective are not likely to have a significant 
impact on future financial statements.

4  Significant accounting judgements and key 

sources of estimation uncertainty

In the process of applying the group’s accounting policies, the 
group is required to make certain judgements, estimates and 
assumptions that it believes are reasonable based on the 
information available.

The more significant judgements were:

a)  Tax provisions
Assessing the outcome of uncertain tax positions requires 
judgements to be made regarding the result of negotiations with 
and enquiries from tax authorities in a number of jurisdictions. 
The assessments made are based on advice from independent 
tax advisers and the status of ongoing discussions with the 
relevant tax authorities.

b)  Provisions for other liabilities and charges
Assessing the financial outcome of uncertain commercial and 
legal positions requires judgements to be made regarding the 
relative merits of each party’s case and the extent to which  
any claim against the group is likely to be successful. The 
assessments made are based on advice from the group’s 
internal counsel and, where appropriate, independent  
legal advice.

The key accounting estimates were:

a)  Goodwill impairment
Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation 
of the value in use of the cash-generating units (CGU) to  
which goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation 
requires the group to estimate the future cash flows expected  
to arise from the CGU and a suitable discount rate to calculate 
present value. Details of the assumptions used are set out in 
note 16 to the financial statements.

b)  Depreciation and carrying amounts of property, plant 

and equipment

Calculating the depreciation charge and hence the carrying 
value for property, plant and equipment requires estimates to be 
made of the useful lives of the assets. The estimates are based 
on engineering data and the group’s experience of similar 
assets. Details are set out in note 2 j).

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

71

5  Segmental analysis (continued)

The measure of profit or loss that is reported to STEC for the segments is profit before interest, tax and exceptional items (underlying 
PBIT). A segmental analysis of sales and underlying PBIT is presented below.

2011
External sales
Inter-segment sales

Total sales

Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items
Exceptional items

Profit before interest and tax

Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items is stated after
Amortisation of intangible assets
Depreciation of property plant and equipment
Profit on disposal of fixed assets

2010
External sales
Inter-segment sales

Total sales

Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items
Exceptional items

Profit before interest and tax

Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items is stated after charging
Amortisation of intangible assets
Depreciation of property plant and equipment
Profit on disposal of fixed assets

Severn Trent 
Water

Severn Trent 
Services

£m
1,388.9
0.9

1,389.8

503.7
(13.0)

490.7

23.6
247.4
(2.1)

£m
321.7
14.4

336.1

25.7
(4.5)

21.2

1.6
6.4
(0.5)

Severn Trent 
Water
£m
1,383.6
1.7

Severn Trent 
Services
£m
320.3
16.2

1,385.3

336.5

541.3
(42.1)

499.2

23.4
232.5
(4.3)

28.7
(7.6)

21.1

1.6
6.1
(0.2)

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The group’s treasury and tax affairs are managed centrally by the Group Treasury and Tax Departments. Finance costs are managed 
on a group basis and hence interest income and costs are not reported at the segmental level. Tax is not reported to STEC on a 
segmental basis.

Interests in joint ventures and associates are not material and are not included in the segmental reports reviewed by STEC.

Separate segmental analyses of assets and liabilities are not reviewed by STEC. The balance sheet measure reviewed by STEC on  
a segmental basis is capital employed which includes the following components:

2011
Operating assets
Goodwill
Interests in joint ventures and associates

Segment assets
Segment operating liabilities

Capital employed

Severn Trent 
Water
£m
6,864.8
–
0.1

Severn Trent 
Services
£m
203.8
68.3
4.7

6,864.9
(959.7)

5,905.2

276.8
(87.8)

189.0

 
72

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

5  Segmental analysis (continued)

2010
Operating assets
Goodwill
Interests in joint ventures and associates

Segment assets
Segment operating liabilities

Capital employed

Severn Trent 
Water
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m
6,731.4
–
0.2

6,731.6
(1,026.8)

Severn Trent 
Services

£m
215.3
70.6
4.7

290.6
(92.0)

5,704.8

198.6

Operating assets comprise other intangible assets, property plant and equipment, inventory and trade and other receivables.

Operating liabilities comprise trade and other payables, retirement benefit obligations and provisions.

The comparative figures for Severn Trent Water have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

Additions to other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment were as follows:

2011
Other intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

2010
Other intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Severn Trent 
Water
£m
18.3

Severn Trent 
Services
£m
2.6

370.7

4.9

Severn Trent 
Water
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m
44.4

538.9

Severn Trent 
Services

£m
3.2

13.0

The comparative figures for Severn Trent Water have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

The reportable segments’ revenue is reconciled to group turnover as follows:

Severn Trent Water
Severn Trent Services
Other
Inter-segment sales

Group turnover

2011
£m
1,389.8
336.1
8.1
(22.7)

2010
£m
1,385.3
336.5
5.3
(23.2)

1,711.3

1,703.9

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

73

5  Segmental analysis (continued)

Segmental underlying PBIT is reconciled to the group’s profit before tax and discontinued operations as follows:

Underlying PBIT
- Severn Trent Water
- Severn Trent Services
Corporate and other costs
Consolidation adjustments

Group underlying PBIT
Exceptional items
- Severn Trent Water
- Severn Trent Services
Corporate
Share of results of associates and joint ventures
Net finance costs
(Losses)/gains on financial instruments

2011
£m

2010
£m

503.7
25.7
(12.5)
2.2

519.1

(13.0)
(4.5)
(3.9)
0.1
(230.6)
(14.2)

541.3
28.7
(14.2)
1.3

557.1

(42.1)
(7.6)
–
0.1
(218.8)
45.7

Profit before tax and discontinued operations

253.0

334.4

The reportable segments’ assets are reconciled to the group’s total assets as follows:

Segment assets
- Severn Trent Water
- Severn Trent Services
Corporate assets
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Available for sale financial assets
Consolidation adjustments

Total assets

2011

£m

2010
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m

6,864.9
276.8
46.8
192.4
315.2
0.1
(47.7)

6,731.6
290.6
21.7
206.7
227.8
0.1
(28.6)

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7,648.5

7,449.9

The consolidation adjustments include intra-group debtors and unrealised profits on fixed assets.

The comparative figures for Severn Trent Water have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

 
74

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

5  Segmental analysis (continued)

The reportable segments’ liabilities are reconciled to the group’s total liabilities as follows:

Segment liabilities
- Severn Trent Water
- Severn Trent Services
Corporate and other
Borrowings
Derivative financial liabilities
Current tax
Deferred tax
Consolidation adjustments

Total liabilities

2011

£m

2010
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m

(959.7)
(87.8)
(59.0)
(4,344.4)
(122.5)
(67.0)
(919.4)
17.4

(1,026.8)
(92.0)
(49.7)
(4,176.5)
(144.7)
(67.2)
(956.4)
10.4

(6,542.4)

(6,502.9)

The consolidation adjustments include intra-group creditors.

The comparative figures for Severn Trent Water have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

Geographical areas
The group’s sales were derived from the following countries:

UK
USA
Other

2011
£m
1,465.4
154.0
91.9

2010
£m
1,459.2
145.1
99.6

1,711.3

1,703.9

The group’s non-current assets (excluding financial instruments, deferred tax assets and post employment benefit assets) were 
located in the following countries:

UK
USA
Other

The comparative figures have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

6  Revenue

Water and sewerage services
Other services
Sale of goods
Service concession arrangements (note 36)

Total turnover
Interest receivable (note 10)

Total revenue

2011

£m
6,550.8
58.3
26.2

2010
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m
6,428.2
61.3
26.6

6,635.3

6,516.1

2011

£m
1,380.0
192.3
103.2
35.8

1,711.3
7.5

2010
(Restated)
£m
1,377.0
190.4
100.5
36.0

1,703.9
9.8

1,718.8

1,713.7

The significant categories of revenue have been redefined to better reflect the nature of the activities performed. The prior year 
figures have been restated accordingly. Revenue from service concessions arrangements is now disclosed separately to other 
service income and revenue from long term contracts to supply goods is included in sale of goods.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

75

2011

Total
£m
266.8
16.2
27.6
4.6

315.2
57.9
135.9
62.4
35.2
32.6
251.5
25.4
184.8

4.7
0.8
7.8
4.5
(2.6)
(0.9)

96.9
69.9

1,282.0
(8.4)
(60.0)

Before 
exceptional 
costs
£m
276.8
18.5
19.1
5.1

Exceptional 
costs
£m
14.6
0.5
7.5
–

319.5
56.0
116.9
61.0
35.1
31.1
236.1
25.2
145.9

4.2
1.1
8.2
5.6
(4.5)
–

104.5
89.5

1,235.4
(7.5)
(81.1)

22.6
–
0.4
0.8
0.1
–
0.8
5.8
4.9

5.4
0.1
0.1
–
–
–

–
7.0

48.0
–
–

48.0

1,213.6

1,146.8

2010

Total
£m
291.4
19.0
26.6
5.1

342.1
56.0
117.3
61.8
35.2
31.1
236.9
31.0
150.8

9.6
1.2
8.3
5.6
(4.5)
–

104.5
96.5

1,283.4
(7.5)
(81.1)

1,194.8

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2011
£m

2010
£m

0.1
0.4
0.1

0.6

0.2
0.2
–

0.4

0.1
0.4
0.1

0.6

0.2
–
0.1

0.3

7  Operating costs

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Pension costs
Share based payments

Total employee costs
Power
Raw materials and consumables
Rates
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Service charges
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets
Hired and contracted services
Operating leases rentals
- land and buildings
- other
Hire of plant and machinery
Research and development expenditure
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Foreign exchange gains
Water and sewerage infrastructure maintenance 
expenditure
Other operating costs

Release from deferred income
Own work capitalised

Total operating costs

Before 
exceptional 
costs
£m
263.7
15.8
27.0
4.6

Exceptional 
costs
£m
3.1
0.4
0.6
–

311.1
57.9
135.3
62.4
35.2
32.6
251.5
25.4
177.6

4.3
0.8
7.8
4.5
(2.6)
(0.9)

96.9
60.8

1,260.6
(8.4)
(60.0)

1,192.2

4.1
–
0.6
–
–
–
–
–
7.2

0.4
–
–
–
–
–

–
9.1

21.4
–
–

21.4

Further details of exceptional costs are given in note 8. 

During the year the following fees were charged by the auditors:

Fees payable to the company’s auditors for
- the audit of the company’s annual accounts
- the audit of the company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation
- audit fees payable to associates of the company’s auditors

Total audit fees

Fees payable to the company’s auditors and their associates for other services to the group
- other services pursuant to legislation
- other services relating to taxation
- services relating to corporate finance

Total non-audit fees

Details of directors’ remuneration are set out in the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 51 to 55.

 
76

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

8  Exceptional items

Restructuring programmes
- Severn Trent Water
- Severn Trent Services

Exceptional restructuring costs

Costs relating to regulatory matters (see note 35)
- Severn Trent Services
- Corporate and other

Exceptional costs relating to regulatory matters

Total exceptional operating costs
Exceptional loss on disposal of business

Total exceptional items

9  Employee numbers
Average number of employees (including executive directors) during the year:

By type of business
Severn Trent Water
Severn Trent Services
Corporate and Other

10  Finance income

Interest revenue earned on
Bank deposits
Other financial income

Total interest revenue
Expected return on defined benefit scheme assets

Total finance income

2011
£m

13.0
0.7

13.7

3.8
3.9

7.7

21.4
–

21.4

2010
£m

42.1
5.9

48.0

–
–

–

48.0
1.7

49.7

2011
Number

2010
Number

5,236.6
3,031.7
13.2

5,685.8
3,090.0
11.7

8,281.5

8,787.5

2011
£m

3.8
3.7

7.5
93.2

100.7

2010
£m

7.0
2.8

9.8
71.1

80.9

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

77

11  Finance costs

Interest on bank loans and overdrafts
Interest on other loans
Interest on finance leases

Total borrowing costs
Other financial expenses
Interest cost on defined benefit scheme obligations

Total finance costs

2011
£m
6.9
214.1
11.1

232.1
0.8
98.4

331.3

2010
£m
7.6
195.0
10.1

212.7
0.9
86.1

299.7

In accordance with IAS 23 borrowing costs of £11.4 million (2010: £2.6 million) incurred funding eligible capital projects have been 
capitalised at an interest rate of 5.99% (2010: 5.65%).

12  (Losses)/gains on financial instruments

Gain/(loss) on cross currency swaps used as hedging instruments in fair value hedges
(Loss)/gain arising on adjustment for foreign currency debt in fair value hedges
Exchange loss on other loans
Loss on cash flow hedges transferred from equity
(Loss)/gain arising on swaps where hedge accounting is not applied

The group’s hedge accounting arrangements are described in note 32 g).

13  Taxation
a)  Analysis of tax (credit)/charge in the year

Current tax
Current year at 28% (2010: 28%)
Prior year at 28% (2010: 28%)

Total current tax

Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of temporary differences - current year
Origination and reversal of temporary differences - prior year
Exceptional credit arising from rate change

Total deferred tax

Total tax (credit)/charge

2011
£m
17.6
(10.4)
(1.2)
(4.5)
(15.7)

(14.2)

2011
£m

66.5
(34.4)

32.1

4.6
9.5
(67.7)

(53.6)

(21.5)

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a
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F

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2010
£m
(10.9)
22.3
–
(7.6)
41.9

45.7

2010
£m

71.3
(30.6)

40.7

25.9
16.3
–

42.2

82.9

The prior year credit for current tax arises from the settlement in the year of certain outstanding tax positions which arose principally 
in the years 2005 – 2009.

The exceptional deferred tax credit arises from the reduction in the rate at which the temporary differences are expected to reverse 
from 28% to 26%.

The standard rate of corporation tax in the UK changed from 28% to 26% with effect from 1 April 2011.

 
78

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

13 Taxation (continued)

b)  Factors affecting the tax (credit)/charge in the year
The tax expense for the current year is lower (2010: lower) than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The differences are 
explained below:

Profit on ordinary activities before tax

Tax at the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK 28% (2010: 28%)
Tax effect of (income not taxable)/expenditure not deductible in determining taxable profits
Effect of different rates in overseas jurisdictions
Adjustments in respect of prior years
Exceptional deferred tax credit arising from rate change

Total tax (credit)/charge

2011
£m
253.0

70.8
(0.2)
0.5
(24.9)
(67.7)

(21.5)

2010
£m
334.4

93.6
2.7
0.9
(14.3)
–

82.9

c)  Tax charged/(credited) directly to equity
In addition to the amount (credited)/charged to the income statement, the following amounts of tax have been charged/(credited)  
directly to equity.

2011
£m

2010
£m

Current tax
Tax on share based payments
Tax on pension contributions in excess of profit and loss charge
Tax on exchange differences on foreign currency hedging

Total current tax credited directly to equity

Deferred tax
Tax on actuarial gains/losses
Tax on cash flow hedges
Tax on share based payments
Effect of change in tax rate

Total deferred tax charged/(credited) directly to equity

14  Dividends
Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the period:

Final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2010 (2009)
Interim dividend for the year ended 31 March 2011 (2010)

Proposed final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2011

(0.3)
–
0.4

0.1

13.2
5.3
(1.2)
(0.7)

16.6

Pence per 
share
41.1
26.7

(0.3)
(0.7)
0.4

(0.6)

(34.1)
(1.6)
–
–

(35.7)

2010

£m
96.5
63.2

67.8

159.7

2011

£m
107.8
61.6

169.4

Pence per 
share
45.6
26.0

71.7

39.1

The proposed final dividend is subject to approval by shareholders at the AGM and has not been included as a liability in these 
financial statements.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

79

15  Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average 
number of ordinary shares in issue during the year, excluding those held in the Severn Trent Employee Share Ownership Trust,  
which are treated as cancelled.

For diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all 
potentially dilutive ordinary shares. These represent share options granted to employees where the exercise price is less than the 
average market price of the company’s shares during the year.

Basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations are calculated on the basis of profit from continuing operations 
attributable to the equity holders of the company.

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data:

Earnings

Earnings for the purpose of basic and diluted earnings per share from operations

Profit for the period attributable to the equity holders of the company

Number of shares

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of basic earnings per share
Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares
- share options and LTIPs

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of diluted earnings per share

Adjusted earnings per share

Adjusted basic earnings per share

Adjusted diluted earnings per share

2011
£m

2010
£m

272.6

249.2

2011
m
236.7

2010
m
236.0

1.1

0.3

237.8

236.3

2011
pence
105.6

105.1

2010
pence
122.8

122.6

Adjusted earnings per share figures are presented for continuing operations. These exclude the effects of deferred tax,  
losses/gains on financial instruments and exceptional items in both 2011 and 2010. The directors consider that the adjusted  
figures provide a useful additional indicator of performance. The denominators used in the calculations of adjusted basic and  
diluted earnings per share are the same as those used in the unadjusted figures set out above.

The adjustments to earnings are as follows:

Adjustments to earnings

Earnings for the purpose of basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations
Adjustments for
- exceptional items
- current tax related to exceptional items at 28% (2010: 28%)
- losses/(gains) on financial instruments
- deferred tax

2011
£m
272.6

21.4
(4.7)
14.2
(53.6)

2010
£m
249.2

49.7
(5.6)
(45.7)
42.2

Earnings for the purpose of adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share

249.9

289.8

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80

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

16  Goodwill

Cost and net book value
At 1 April
Additions
Amounts written off
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March

2011
£m

70.6
–
–
(2.3)

68.3

2010
£m

63.3
10.3
(0.2)
(2.8)

70.6

Goodwill impairment tests
Goodwill is allocated to the group’s cash-generating units (CGUs) identified according to country of operation and business segment. 

A summary of the goodwill allocation by CGU is presented below:

Severn Trent Services
Water Purification US
Contract Operations
UK Laboratories
Services Italy
Apliclor

2011
£m

26.2
11.6
12.0
8.2
10.3

68.3

2010
£m

27.8
12.5
12.0
8.0
10.3

70.6

The recoverable amount of a CGU is determined using value in use calculations. These calculations use cash flow projections based 
on financial budgets approved by management covering a five year period. The key assumption underlying these budgets is revenue 
growth. Assumptions are determined by management of each CGU based on past experience, current market trends and 
expectations of future developments.

Cash flows beyond the five year period are extrapolated using an estimated nominal growth rate stated below. The growth rate does 
not exceed the long term average growth rate for the economy in which the CGU operates. The assumptions used in relation to 
growth rates beyond the five year period and discount rates were:

Water Purification US
Contract Operations
UK Laboratories
Services Italy
Apliclor

Nominal growth rate

Discount rate

2011
%
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

2010
%
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0

2011
%
7.3
7.7
7.3
11.0
11.6

2010
%
7.8
8.9
8.9
10.1
10.0

The weighted average growth rates used are consistent with the forecasts included in industry reports. The discount rates used are 
pre-tax and reflect specific risks relating to the CGU.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

81

16  Goodwill (continued)

Changes in the growth rate outside the five year period or in the discount rate applied to the cash flows may cause a CGU’s carrying 
value to exceed its recoverable amount. Where such a change is considered reasonably possible, the amount by which the 
recoverable amount exceeded its carrying value, and the amount by which the growth rate and discount rate would have to change,  
is set out below for each CGU.

Severn Trent Services
UK Laboratories
Services Italy
Apliclor

Surplus of 
recoverable amount 
over carrying 
amount  
£m

Change required for recoverable 
amount to equal carrying amount

Growth rate 
percentage 
points

Discount rate 
percentage 
points

22.0
1.0
–

(4.7)
(0.3)
(0.4)

3.5
0.1
0.2

In the opinion of the directors, the changes in growth rate or discount rate that would be required to reduce the recoverable amounts 
of Water Purification US and Contract Operations below their carrying value are not reasonably possible.

17  Intangible assets

Cost
At 1 April 2009
Additions
Acquisition of businesses
Disposals
Disposal of businesses
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 1 April 2010
Additions
Disposals
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March 2011

Amortisation
At 1 April 2009
Amortisation for year
Exceptional impairment
Disposals
Disposal of businesses
Exchange adjustments

At 1 April 2010
Amortisation for year
Disposals
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March 2011

Net book value

At 31 March 2011

At 31 March 2010

Other assets primarily comprise capitalised development costs and patents.

Computer software

Internally 
generated
£m

Purchased
£m

Other

Internally 
generated
£m

104.3
13.1
–
–
–
–
–

117.4
4.1
–
–
–

121.5

(62.0)
(9.1)
(2.3)
–
–
–

(73.4)
(9.4)
–
–

154.9
31.5
0.3
(1.2)
(0.1)
0.1
(0.2)

185.3
14.6
(29.8)
0.2
(0.2)

170.1

(84.1)
(14.7)
(3.5)
1.1
0.1
0.2

(100.9)
(15.1)
29.7
0.1

18.7
3.1
–
–
(0.1)
0.4
(0.3)

21.8
2.2
–
1.2
(0.4)

24.8

(10.5)
(1.4)
–
–
0.1
0.1

(11.7)
(0.9)
–
0.1

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m
e
t
a
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a
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a
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F

i

Total
£m

277.9
47.7
0.3
(1.2)
(0.2)
0.5
(0.5)

324.5
20.9
(29.8)
1.4
(0.6)

316.4

(156.6)
(25.2)
(5.8)
1.1
0.2
0.3

(186.0)
(25.4)
29.7
0.2

(82.8)

(86.2)

(12.5)

(181.5)

38.7

44.0

83.9

84.4

12.3

10.1

134.9

138.5

 
82

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

18  Property, plant and equipment

Cost
At 1 April 2009
Additions (restated see note 3)
Acquisition of businesses
Disposals
Disposal of businesses
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 1 April 2010
Additions
Disposals
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March 2011

Depreciation
At 1 April 2009
Charge for the year
Exceptional impairment
Acquisition of businesses
Disposals
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 1 April 2010
Charge for the year
Disposals
Reclassifications
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March 2011

Net book value
At 31 March 2011

At 31 March 2010

Land and 
buildings
£m

Infrastructure 
assets
£m

Fixed plant  
and equipment
£m

Movable  
plant
£m

2,330.0
162.2
0.3
(7.4)
–
(1.4)
(0.4)

2,483.3
94.7
(7.5)
(0.3)
(0.3)

3,942.2
119.8
–
–
–
–
–

4,062.0
130.2
(0.5)
–
–

2,902.1
270.0
0.9
(22.0)
(0.3)
1.0
(1.7)

3,150.0
153.5
(32.0)
(3.9)
(1.4)

60.4
10.4
–
(10.0)
–
(0.1)
(0.7)

60.0
3.8
(6.4)
–
(0.7)

Total
£m

9,234.7
562.4
1.2
(39.4)
(0.3)
(0.5)
(2.8)

9,755.3
382.2
(46.4)
(4.2)
(2.4)

2,569.9

4,191.7

3,266.2

56.7

10,084.5

(725.8)
(51.7)
–
–
7.3
0.9
0.2

(769.1)
(56.3)
7.3
1.9
0.1

(1,040.2)
(25.7)
–
–
–
–
–

(1,065.9)
(27.6)
–
–
–

(1,457.5)
(150.3)
(0.8)
(0.7)
21.7
(1.0)
1.2

(1,587.4)
(160.5)
31.5
–
1.0

(31.1)
(8.4)
–
–
8.0
0.1
0.5

(30.9)
(7.1)
5.0
–
0.5

(3,254.6)
(236.1)
(0.8)
(0.7)
37.0
–
1.9

(3,453.3)
(251.5)
43.8
1.9
1.6

(816.1)

(1,093.5)

(1,715.4)

(32.5)

(3,657.5)

1,753.8

3,098.2

1,550.8

1,714.2

2,996.1

1,562.6

24.2

29.1

6,427.0

6,302.0

The comparative figures have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18 as set out in note 3. The amounts included for additions 
to infrastructure assets and fixed plant and equipment increased by £41.1 million and £0.4 million respectively.

The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment includes the following amounts in respect of assets held under finance leases:

Net book value
At 31 March 2011

At 31 March 2010

Land and 
buildings
£m

Infrastructure 
assets
£m

Fixed plant  
and equipment
£m

Movable plant
£m

–

–

120.1

121.1

96.4

116.4

–

–

Total
£m

216.5

237.5

Property, plant and equipment includes £433.8 million (2010: £459.6 million) in respect of assets in the course of construction for 
which no depreciation is charged.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

83

2011
£m

0.2
0.6
(0.6)

0.2

3.3
(3.3)

–
–

–

2010
£m

–
1.8
(1.5)

0.3

4.7
(4.7)

–
–

–

19  Interests in joint ventures

Group’s share of
Long term assets
Current assets
Current liabilities

Group’s share of
Turnover
Operating costs

Profit before tax
Tax

Profit after tax

As at 31 March 2011 and 2010 the joint ventures had no significant contingent liabilities to which the group was exposed and the 
group did not have any significant contingent liabilities in relation to its interests in the joint ventures. The group had no capital 
commitments in relation to its interests in the joint ventures.

Particulars of the group’s principal joint venture undertakings at 31 March 2011 were:

Name
Cognica Limited
Jackson Water Partnership

Country of 
incorporation
Great Britain
USA

Proportion of 
Proportion of 
voting power
ownership
50%
50%
70% See below

The partnership agreement for the Jackson Water Partnership requires that certain key decisions require the unanimous consent of 
the partners and consequently the partnership has been accounted for as a joint venture.

20  Interests in associates

At 1 April 2009
Share of profits
Other movements

At 31 March 2010

Group’s share of
Total assets
Total liabilities

Turnover

Profit before tax

2011
£m
4.6
0.1
0.1

4.8

2010
£m
4.8
0.1
(0.3)

4.6

26.1
(21.3)

25.6
(21.0)

4.8

0.1

0.1

4.6

8.0

0.1

At 31 March 2011 and 2010 the associate company had no significant contingent liabilities to which the group was exposed. The 
group had no capital commitments in relation to its interests in the associate at 31 March 2011 and 2010.

The principal associate at 31 March 2011 was:

Name

Country of operation 
and incorporation

Equity interest

Percentage of share 
capital held

Nature of business

Servizio Idrico Integrato S.c.p.a.

Italy 16,279,127 of €1

30%

Water and 
sewerage

The group has given certain guarantees in respect of the associate’s borrowings. The guarantees are limited to €11.2m  
(2010: €11.2m). The group does not expect any liabilities to arise from these arrangements.

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84

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

21  Inventory

Inventory and work in progress

22  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Less provisions for impairment of receivables

Trade receivables net
Receivables from related parties
Other amounts receivable
Prepayments and accrued income

2011
£m

27.1

2010
£m

26.5

2011
£m
286.6
(98.5)

188.1
0.2
40.1
250.1

478.5

2010
£m
288.4
(91.8)

196.6
0.2
42.4
233.6

472.8

The carrying values of trade and other receivables are reasonable approximations of their fair values.

Prepayments and accrued income include £27.1 million (2010: £26.2 million) in respect of amounts due from customers for contract 
work and £49.7 million (2010: £43.0 million) which is recoverable after more than one year.

Credit control policies and procedures are determined at the individual business unit level. By far the most significant business unit  
of the group is Severn Trent Water Limited, which represents 81% of group turnover and 68% of net trade receivables. Severn Trent 
Water has a statutory obligation to provide water and sewerage services to customers within its region. Therefore there is no 
concentration of credit risk with respect to its trade receivables and the credit quality of its customer base reflects the wealth and 
prosperity of all of the commercial businesses and domestic households within its region. None of the other business units are 
individually significant to the group.

Movements on the doubtful debts provision were as follows:

At 1 April
Amounts written off during the year
Charge for bad and doubtful debts
Exchange adjustments

At 31 March

2011
£m
91.8
(28.5)
35.2
–

98.5

2010
£m
93.0
(36.3)
35.2
(0.1)

91.8

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

85

22  Trade and other receivables (continued)

Included in trade receivables are balances with a carrying amount of £146.0 million (2010: £139.2 million) which were past due at  
the reporting date but for which no specific provision has been made as the collective impairment recorded against such assets  
is considered to be sufficient allowance for the risk of non-collection of such balances.

The aged analysis of past due receivables that were not individually impaired is as follows:

Up to 90 days
91-365 days
1-2 years
2-3 years
More than 3 years

Total

2011
£m
47.7
60.6
25.0
8.4
4.3

2010
£m
52.6
60.4
19.4
5.9
0.9

146.0

139.2

Included in the allowance for doubtful debts are provisions amounting to £24 million (2010: £13.1 million) against specific trade 
receivables. The age of the impaired receivables was as follows:

Up to 90 days
91-365 days
1-2 years
2-3 years
More than 3 years

Total

23  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand
Short term deposits

2011
£m
2.5
18.1
4.1
3.7
4.7

33.1

2011
£m
66.6
248.6

315.2

2010
£m
1.6
15.4
1.2
0.4
3.1

21.7

2010
£m
44.1
183.7

227.8

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Of the £248.6 million (2010: £183.7 million) of short term bank deposits, £28.4 million (2010: £27.4 million) is held as security deposits 
for insurance obligations and is not available for use by the group.

24  Finance leases
Obligations under finance lease are as follows:

Gross obligations under finance leases
Less future finance charges

Present value of lease obligations

2011
£m
316.6
(49.9)

2010
£m
385.5
(84.7)

266.7

300.8

 
86

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

24  Finance leases (continued)

A maturity analysis of gross obligations under finance leases is presented in note 32. Net obligations under finance leases fall due  
as follows:

Within one year

In the second year
In the third to fifth year inclusive
After more than five years

Included in non-current liabilities

2011
£m

13.5

16.4
84.1
152.7

253.2

266.7

2010
£m

47.3

12.9
57.3
183.3

253.5

300.8

The remaining terms of finance leases ranged from 4 to 21 years at 31 March 2011. Interest terms are set at the inception of the 
leases. Leases with capital outstanding of £266.7 million (2010: £159.0 million) bear fixed interest at a weighted average rate of 5.4% 
(2010: 5.4%). The lease obligations are secured against the related assets. 

There were no contingent rents, escalation clauses or material renewal or purchase options. The terms of the finance leases do not 
impose restriction on dividend payments, additional debt or further leasing.

25  Trade and other payables

Current liabilities
Trade payables
Social security and other taxes
Other payables
Accruals and deferred income

Non-current liabilities
Trade payables
Other payables
Deferred income
Accrued expenses

2011

£m

2010
(Restated  
see note 3)
£m

31.8
6.8
32.1
320.5

391.2

0.5
2.1
345.9
19.3

367.8

28.4
6.0
34.9
395.1

464.4

–
0.3
280.6
4.0

284.9

The directors consider that the carrying value of trade payables is not materially different from their fair values.

Accruals and deferred income includes nil (2010: nil) in respect of amounts due to customers for contract work.

The comparative figures for accruals and deferred income have been restated by £0.2 million and £41.3 million respectively  
(see note 3).

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

87

26  Deferred tax
An analysis of the movements in the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the group is set out below:

At 1 April 2009
Charge to income
Charge to equity
Transfers
Acquisitions/disposals
Exchange differences

At 1 April 2010
Charge to income
Credit to income arising from rate change
Charge to equity
Credit to equity arising from rate change
Exchange differences

At 31 March 2011

Accelerated 
tax 
depreciation
£m

Retirement 
benefit 
obligation
£m

Fair value of 
financial 
instruments
£m

Tax losses
£m

1,066.0
44.2
–
51.0
0.4
0.2

1,161.8
13.6
(77.5)
–
(5.5)
(0.5)

1,091.9

(65.3)
–
(34.1)
–
–
–

(99.4)
3.2
3.1
13.2
4.0
–

(75.9)

(10.5)
2.7
–
–
–
0.7

(7.1)
0.3
–
–
–
0.4

(6.4)

(44.2)
12.3
(1.6)
–
–
–

(33.5)
1.0
1.2
5.3
1.2
–

(24.8)

Other
£m

2.4
(17.0)
–
(51.0)
–
0.2

(65.4)
(4.0)
5.5
(1.2)
(0.4)
0.1

Total
£m

948.4
42.2
(35.7)
–
0.4
1.1

956.4
14.1
(67.7)
17.3
(0.7)
–

(65.4)

919.4

Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset. The offset amounts are as follows:

Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months
Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months

Deferred tax liability to be settled after more than 12 months
Deferred tax liability to be settled within 12 months

27  Retirement benefit schemes
a)  Defined benefit schemes
(i)  Amount included in the balance sheet arising from the group’s obligations under defined benefit schemes

Fair value of scheme assets
Equities
Gilts
Corporate bonds
Property
Cash

Total fair value of assets
Present value of the defined benefit obligations – funded schemes

Present value of the defined benefit obligations – unfunded schemes

Liability recognised in the balance sheet

2011
£m

(14.4)
–

(14.4)

933.8
–

933.8

919.4

2011
£m

798.8
41.3
530.6
95.0
7.7

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

2010
£m

(13.6)
(4.0)

(17.6)

974.0
–

974.0

956.4

2010
£m

745.7
270.8
307.0
61.1
8.4

1,473.4
(1,757.4)

(284.0)
(8.1)

1,393.0
(1,740.3)

(347.3)
(7.6)

(292.1)

(354.9)

 
88

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

27  Retirement benefit schemes (continued)

Movements in the fair value of the scheme assets were as follows:

Fair value at 1 April
Expected return on scheme assets
Contributions from the sponsoring companies
Contributions from scheme members
Actuarial gains recognised in the statement of comprehensive income
Benefits paid

Fair value at 31 March

Movements in the present value of the defined benefit obligations were as follows:

Present value at 1 April
Service cost
Interest cost
Curtailment/settlement costs
Contributions from scheme members
Actuarial (gains)/losses recognised in the statement of comprehensive income
Benefits paid

Present value at 31 March

Of which:

Amounts relating to funded schemes
Amounts relating to unfunded schemes

Present value at 31 March

(ii)  Amounts recognised in the income statement in respect of these defined benefit schemes

Amounts charged to operating costs
Current service cost
Exceptional curtailment charge

Amounts charged to finance costs
Interest cost
Amounts credited to finance income
Expected return on scheme assets

Total amount charged to the income statement

2011
£m

1,393.0
93.2
40.0
6.1
12.2
(71.1)

2010
£m

1,075.0
71.1
39.6
6.8
270.4
(69.9)

1,473.4

1,393.0

2011
£m

1,747.9
22.7
98.4
–
6.1
(38.5)
(71.1)

2010
£m

1,308.0
14.7
86.1
7.4
6.8
394.8
(69.9)

1,765.5

1,747.9

2011
£m

1,757.4
8.1

2010
£m

1,747.9
–

1,765.5

1,747.9

2011
£m

(22.7)
–

(22.7)

2010
£m

(14.7)
(7.4)

(22.1)

(98.4)

(86.1)

93.2

(27.9)

71.1

(37.1)

The actual return on scheme assets was a gain of £105.4 million (2010: gain of £341.5 million).

Actuarial gains and losses have been reported in the statement of comprehensive income. The cumulative amount of actuarial gains 
and losses recognised in the statement of comprehensive income since the adoption of IFRSs is a net loss of £169.4 million  
(2010: net loss of £220.1 million).

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

89

27  Retirement benefit schemes (continued)

(iii) Background
The group operates a number of defined benefit pension schemes in the UK, covering the majority of UK employees. The defined 
benefit schemes are funded to cover future salary and pension increases and their assets are held in separate funds administered  
by trustees. The trustees are required to act in the best interests of the schemes’ beneficiaries. A formal actuarial valuation of each 
scheme is carried out on behalf of the trustees at triennial intervals by an independent professionally qualified actuary. Under the 
defined benefit schemes, members are entitled to retirement benefits calculated as a proportion (varying between 1/30 and 1/80 for 
each year of service) of their salary for the final year of employment with the group or, if higher, the average of the highest three 
consecutive years’ salary in the last ten years of employment. 

The final salary sections of all of the pension schemes listed below are closed to new entrants and the age profile of scheme 
participants is expected to rise and hence service costs are also expected to rise in the future.

On 11 May 2011, Severn Trent announced it is consulting with its 6,000 plus UK employees on proposed changes to its pension 
arrangements, which would see all existing pensions replaced by one new defined contribution scheme. Under the new proposals, 
the group would close its defined benefit scheme to future accrual, whilst protecting the benefits already built up by members.

The UK defined benefit schemes and the date of their last formal actuarial valuation are as follows:

Severn Trent Pension scheme (STPS)*
Severn Trent Mirror Image Pension Scheme

* The STPS is by far the largest of the group’s UK defined benefit schemes.

Date of last formal actuarial valuation

31 March 2007
31 March 2009

The group has an obligation to pay pensions to a number of former employees, whose benefits would otherwise have been restricted 
by the Finance Act 1989 earnings cap. Provision for such benefits amounting to £8.1 million (2010: £7.6 million) is included as an 
unfunded scheme within the retirement benefit obligation.

(iv) Actuarial assumptions
The major assumptions used in the valuation of the STPS (also the approximate weighted average of assumptions used for the 
valuations of all group schemes) were as follows:

Price inflation
Salary increases
Pension increases in payment
Pension increases in deferment
Discount rate
Long term rate of return on
Equities
Gilts
Corporate bonds
Property
Cash

2011
%
3.50
4.00
3.50
3.50
5.60

7.85
4.35
5.60
6.85
4.25

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

2010
%
3.60
4.10
3.60
3.60
5.70

8.00
4.50
5.70
7.00
4.50

The assumption for price inflation is derived from the difference between the yields on longer term fixed rate gilts and on index-linked 
gilts. The discount rate is set by reference to AA rated sterling corporate 17 year bonds. 

The expected rate of return on scheme assets is based on market expectations at the beginning of the period for returns over the life 
of the benefit obligation. For gilts and corporate bonds the expected rates of return are based on market yields. For equities, an equity 
risk premium has been added to the gilt rate.

The mortality assumptions adopted are based on mortality tables applicable to the sex and year of birth of individual members, with 
allowance for the CMI 2010 future improvements and a 0.5% trend. For men the assumptions are based on 110% of the “SAPS” 
S1NMA_L tables and for women on 78% of the S1NFA_L tables. These have been based on a mortality investigation carried out in 
conjunction with the valuation of the STPS as at 31 March 2010 on behalf of the Trustees.

The life expectancies implied by the mortality assumptions adopted at each year end are as follows:

Age to which current pensioners aged 65 are expected to live
- men
- women
Age to which future pensioners aged 45 at the balance sheet date are expected to live
- men
- women

Years

Years

87.4
91.0

88.0
91.8

85.3
88.6

86.5
89.6

 
90

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

27  Retirement benefit schemes (continued)
(iv) Actuarial assumptions (continued)
The calculation of the scheme liabilities is sensitive to the actuarial assumptions and in particular to the assumptions relating to 
discount rate, price inflation and mortality. The following table summarises the estimated impact on scheme liabilities and service cost 
resulting from changes to key actuarial assumptions whilst holding all other assumptions constant.

Assumption

Discount rate
Price inflation
Mortality

Change in assumption

Impact on scheme liabilities

Increase/decrease by 0.1%
Increase/decrease by 0.1%
Increase in life expectancy by 1 year

Decrease/increase by £30 million
Increase/decrease by £25 million
Increase by £45 million

(v)  Contributions to the schemes
Contribution rates are set in consultation with the trustees for each scheme and each participating employer. The triennial actuarial 
valuation of the STPS is currently under discussion with the trustees. It is therefore not possible to determine the level of contributions 
that will be payable in the year ending 31 March 2012.

(vi) History of actual and expected performance of pension scheme assets and liabilities

Present value of defined benefit obligations
Fair value of scheme assets

2011
£m

2010
£m

2009
£m

2008
£m

2007
£m

(1,765.5)
1,473.4

(1,747.9)
1,393.0

(1,308.0)
1,075.0

(1,458.3)
1,332.3

(1,499.7)
1,364.6

Deficit in schemes

(292.1)

(354.9)

(233.0)

(126.0)

(135.1)

Difference between actual and expected return on scheme assets

Experience adjustments on scheme liabilities

12.2

105.1

270.4

(329.8)

(125.7)

19.8

(7.9)

(64.3)

(10.6)

(3.7)

b)  Defined contribution schemes
The group also operates defined contribution arrangements for certain of its UK and overseas employees. In September 2001, the 
Severn Trent Group Pension Scheme (an occupational defined contribution scheme) was established to ensure compliance with 
stakeholder legislation and to provide the group with an alternative pension arrangement. This was closed to new entrants on 1 April 
2005 and replaced by the Severn Trent Stakeholder Pension Scheme.

The total cost charged to operating costs of £4.9 million (2010: £4.5 million) represents contributions payable to these schemes by the 
group at rates specified in the rules of the schemes. As at 31 March 2011, all contributions (2010: 100%) due in respect of the current 
reporting period had been paid over to the schemes.

28  Provisions

At 1 April 2010
Charged to income statement
Utilisation of provision
Other movements
Exchange differences

At 31 March 2011

Included in
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities

Restructuring
£m

Insurance
£m

Onerous 
contracts
£m

Terminated 
operations and 
disposals
£m

10.9
2.0
(9.5)
(0.1)
–

3.3

22.1
9.0
(8.0)
–
–

23.1

12.4
(2.3)
(0.8)
(2.4)
–

6.9

5.6
(1.8)
–
–
(0.1)

3.7

Other
£m

2.9
(0.1)
(0.7)
(1.0)
(0.1)

1.0

2011
£m

12.6
25.4

38.0

Total
£m

53.9
6.8
(19.0)
(3.5)
(0.2)

38.0

2010
£m

25.5
28.4

53.9

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

91

28  Provisions (continued)

The restructuring provision reflects costs to be incurred in respect of committed restructuring programmes.

Derwent Insurance Limited, a captive insurance company, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the group. Provisions for claims are made 
as set out in note 2. The associated outflows are estimated to arise over a period of up to five years from the balance sheet date.

The onerous or loss making contract provision relates to specific contractual liabilities either assumed with businesses acquired or 
arising in existing group businesses, where estimated future costs are not expected to be recovered in revenues. The associated 
outflows are estimated to occur over a period of ten years from the balance sheet date.

Provisions relating to terminated operations and disposals include amounts that it is probable will be paid in respect of claims arising 
from services performed by these businesses and the indemnities described in note 35 b).

29  Share capital

Total issued and fully paid share capital

237,142,534 ordinary shares of 9717/19p (2010: 236,585,205)

Changes in share capital were as follows:

Ordinary shares of 97 17/19p
At 1 April 2010
Shares issued under the Employee Sharesave Scheme
Shares issued under the group’s Share Option Scheme

At 31 March 2011

30  Share premium

At 1 April
Share premium arising on issue of shares for Employee Sharesave Scheme

At 31 March

31  Other reserves

2011
£m

2010
£m

232.2

231.6

Number

£m

236,585,205
550,525
6,804

237,142,534

2011
£m

75.9
4.1

80.0

231.6
0.6
–

232.2

2010
£m

71.9
4.0

75.9

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

At 1 April 2009
Total comprehensive loss for the period

At 1 April 2010
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the period

At 31 March 2011

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£m

Infrastructure 
reserve
£m

Translation 
exchange 
reserve
£m

Hedging 
reserve
£m

Total other 
reserves
£m

156.1
–

156.1
–

156.1

314.2
–

314.2
–

314.2

40.8
(9.1)

31.7
(6.3)

25.4

(42.4)
(4.0)

(46.4)
15.2

(31.2)

468.7
(13.1)

455.6
8.9

464.5

The capital redemption reserve arose on the redemption of B shares.

The infrastructure reserve arose on restating infrastructure assets to fair value as deemed cost on transition to IFRS.

The translation reserve arises from exchange differences on translation of the results and financial position of foreign subsidiaries as 
well as foreign exchange differences arising from hedges of net investment.

The hedging reserve arises from gains or losses on interest rate swaps taken directly to equity under the hedge accounting provisions 
of IAS 39 and the transition rules of IFRS 1.

 
92

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments
a)  Capital management
It is the group’s policy to access a broad range of sources of finance to obtain both the quantum required and the lowest cost 
compatible with the need for continued availability. The group is funded using a mixture of equity and debt (including fixed rate, index 
linked and floating rate).

At 31 March the group’s equity and debt capital comprised the following:

Cash and short term deposits
Bank loans
Other loans
Obligations under finance leases
Cross currency swaps

Net debt
Equity attributable to the company’s equity shareholders

Total capital

b)  Categories of financial assets

Fair value through profit and loss
Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting
- cross currency swaps
- interest rate swaps
Derivatives that are designated and effective as hedging instruments carried at fair value
- cross currency swaps
- energy swaps

Available for sale investments carried at fair value
Unquoted shares

Loans and receivables (including cash and cash equivalents)
Trade receivables
Short term deposits
Cash at bank in hand

Total financial assets

Disclosed in the balance sheet as:
Non-current assets
Derivative financial instruments
Available for sale financial assets

Current assets
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables (note 22)

2011
£m

315.2
(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)
160.4

(3,868.8)
(1,099.8)

2010
£m

227.8
(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)
187.3

(3,761.4)
(940.7)

(4,968.6)

(4,702.1)

2011
£m

2010
£m

62.3
17.3

98.1
14.7

192.4

–
19.4

187.3
–

206.7

0.1

0.1

188.1
248.6
66.6

503.3

695.8

188.1
0.1

188.2

4.3
315.2
188.1

507.6

695.8

196.6
183.7
44.1

424.4

631.2

203.8
0.1

203.9

2.9
227.8
196.6

427.3

631.2

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

93

32  Financial instruments (continued)

c)  Categories of financial liabilities

Fair value through profit and loss
Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting
- interest rate swaps
- foreign exchange forward contracts
Derivatives that are designated and effective as hedging instruments carried at fair value
- interest rate swaps
- energy swaps

Other financial liabilities
Bank loans
Other loans
Obligations under finance leases
Trade payables

Total financial liabilities

Disclosed in the balance sheet as
Non-current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments
Borrowings

Current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments
Borrowings
Trade payables (note 25)

2011
£m

2010
£m

(104.6)
(0.1)

(125.4)
–

(17.8)
–

(9.5)
(9.8)

(122.5)

(144.7)

(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)
(32.3)

(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)
(28.4)

(4,376.7)

(4,204.9)

(4,499.2)

(4,349.6)

(122.4)
(4,320.5)

(140.3)
(3,915.6)

(4,442.9)

(4,055.9)

(0.1)
(23.9)
(32.3)

(4.4)
(260.9)
(28.4)

(56.3)

(293.7)

(4,499.2)

(4,349.6)

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

 
94

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments (continued)

d)  Derivative contracts

Cross currency swaps - fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges
Energy swaps - cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in a formal hedging relationship
Cross currency swaps - derivatives not in a formal hedging relationship
Foreign exchange forward contracts - derivatives not in a formal hedging 
relationship

Total

Less non-current portion
Cross currency swaps - fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges
Energy swaps - cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in a formal hedging relationship
Cross currency swaps - derivatives not in a formal hedging relationship
Foreign exchange forward contracts - derivatives not in a formal hedging 
relationship

Total non-current

Current portion

Asset
£m

98.1
–
14.7
17.3
62.3

2011

Liability
£m

–
(17.8)
–
(104.6)
–

Asset
£m

187.3
–
–
19.4
–

2010

Liability
£m

–
(9.5)
(9.8)
(125.4)
–

–

(0.1)

–

–

192.4

(122.5)

206.7

(144.7)

95.6
–
12.9
17.3
62.3

–
(17.8)
–
(104.5)
–

184.5
–
–
19.3
–

–
(9.5)
(9.7)
(121.1)
–

–

(0.1)

–

–

188.1

(122.4)

203.8

(140.3)

4.3

(0.1)

2.9

(4.4)

e)  Fair values of financial instruments
Except as disclosed below, the directors consider that the carrying amount of financial assets and liabilities recorded in the financial 
statements approximate their fair values:

Bank loans - amortised cost
Other loans
Obligations under finance leases - amortised cost

31 March 2011

31 March 2010

Book value
£m
(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)

Fair value
£m
(836.8)
(3,597.6)
(237.4)

Book value
£m
(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)

Fair value
£m
(679.1)
(3,328.5)
(260.3)

(4,344.4)

(4,671.8)

(4,176.5)

(4,267.9)

Discounted future cash flows are used to determine fair values for debt. Discount rates are derived from yield curves based on quoted 
interest rates and are adjusted for the group’s credit risk.

Fair value measurements recognised in the balance sheet
The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, 
grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:

Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and 
liabilities;

Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable 
for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not 
based on observable market data.

The fair value of interest rate swaps is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows estimated and discounted 
based on the application of yield curves derived from quoted interest rates.

Cross currency swaps and forward exchange contracts are valued by reference to quoted forward exchange rates at the balance 
sheet date and yield curves derived from quoted interest rates matching the maturities of the contracts.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

95

32  Financial instruments (continued)
e)  Fair values of financial instruments (continued)

2011
Derivative financial assets
Cross currency swaps - fair value hedges
Cross currency swaps - derivatives not in designated hedging relationships
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in designated hedging relationships
Energy swaps - cash flow hedges

Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in designated hedging relationships
Foreign exchange forward contracts

2010
Derivative financial assets
Cross currency swaps - fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in designated hedging relationships

Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps - derivatives not in designated hedging relationships
Energy swaps - cash flow hedges

Level 1
£m

Level 2
£m

Level 3
£m

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–

Level 1
£m

–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–

98.1
62.3
17.3
14.7

192.4

(17.8)
(104.6)
(0.1)

(122.5)

69.9

Level 2
£m

187.3
19.4

206.7

(9.5)
(125.4)
(9.8)

(144.7)

62.0

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–

Level 3
£m

–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–

Total
£m

98.1
62.3
17.3
14.7

192.4

(17.8)
(104.6)
(0.1)

(122.5)

69.9

Total
£m

187.3
19.4

206.7

(9.5)
(125.4)
(9.8)

(144.7)

62.0

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

f)  Financial risk factors
The group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency and interest rate risk) credit risk, liquidity 
risk and inflation risk. The group’s overall risk management programme addresses the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks 
to reduce potential adverse effects on the group’s financial performance or position.

Financial risks are managed by a central treasury department (Group Treasury) under policies approved by the board of directors. 
Group Treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the group’s operating units. The board 
provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas such as exchange rate risk, 
interest rate risk, credit risk, the use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments are used to 
hedge exposure to changes in exchange rates and interest rates. The group’s policy is that derivative financial instruments are not 
held for trading.

 
96

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)
(i)  Market risk
The principal market risk that the group is exposed to is fluctuations in interest rates. Since substantially all of the group’s profits and 
net assets arise from Severn Trent Water, which has very limited and indirect exposure to changes in exchange rates, the sensitivity 
of the group’s results to changes in exchange rates is not material.

Interest rate risk
The group’s income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.

The group’s interest rate risk arises from long term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the group to cash flow 
interest rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the group to fair value interest rate risk. Group policy is to maintain 45-90% 
of its net debt in fixed rate instruments. At 31 March 2011 75.9% of the group’s net debt was fixed (2010: 82.4%).

The group manages its cash flow interest rate risk by using floating to fixed interest rate swaps. Such interest rate swaps have the 
economic effect of converting borrowings from floating rates to fixed rates. Under the terms of the interest rate swaps, the group 
agrees with other parties to exchange, mainly semi-annually, the difference between fixed contract and floating rate interest rates 
calculated by reference to the agreed notional principal amounts. The group has entered into a series of long dated interest rate 
swaps to hedge future debt. Economically these act to fix debt within the group which is denominated as floating rate, but do not 
achieve hedge accounting under the strict criteria of IAS 39. This has led to a £15.7 million charge (2010: credit of £41.9 million) in  
the income statement.

Some of the group’s debt is index-linked, that is its cost is linked to changes in the Retail Price Index (RPI). This debt provides an 
economic hedge for Severn Trent Water’s revenues and Regulatory Capital Value that are also RPI linked under its regulatory regime.

Financial liabilities analysed by interest rate after taking account of various interest rate swaps entered into by the group

2011

Bank loans and overdrafts
Other loans
Finance leases
Other financial liabilities

Impact of interest rate swaps not matched against specific debt 
instruments

Non-interest 
bearing 

liabilities Floating rate
£m

£m

Fixed rate
£m

Index-linked
£m

Total
£m

–
(1.2)
–
(32.3)

(33.5)

(544.1)
(263.5)
–
–

(150.0)
(2,014.7)
(266.7)
–

(152.7)
(951.5)
–
–

(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)
(32.3)

(807.6)

(2,431.4)

(1,104.2)

(4,376.7)

–

462.3

(462.3)

–

–

(33.5)

(345.3)

(2,893.7)

(1,104.2)

(4,376.7)

Weighted average interest rate
Weighted average period for which interest is fixed (years)

5.96%
11.7

2010

Bank loans and overdrafts
Other loans
Finance leases
Other financial liabilities

Impact of interest rate swaps not matched against specific debt 
instruments

Non-interest 
bearing 
liabilities
£m

–
–
–
(28.5)

(28.5)

Floating rate
£m

Fixed rate
£m

Index-linked
£m

(544.2)
(247.5)
(141.8)
–

–
(2,029.9)
(159.0)
–

(145.6)
(908.5)
–
–

Total
£m

(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)
(28.5)

(933.5)

(2,188.9)

(1,054.1)

(4,205.0)

–

835.0

(835.0)

–

–

(28.5)

(98.5)

(3,023.9)

(1,054.1)

(4,205.0)

Weighted average interest rate
Weighted average period for which interest is fixed (years)

5.88%
10.9

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

97

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)
Financial assets analysed by interest rates

2011

Available for sale financial assets
Loans and receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

2010

Available for sale financial assets
Loans and receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Non-interest 
bearing 

liabilities Floating rate
£m

£m

Fixed rate
£m

Index-linked
£m

0.1
188.1
–

188.2

–
–
315.2

315.2

–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–

Non-interest 
bearing 
liabilities
£m

0.1
196.6
–

196.7

Floating rate
£m

Fixed rate
£m

Index-linked
£m

–
–
227.8

227.8

–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–

Interest rate sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity after tax of the group’s profits, cash flow and equity, including the impact on derivative financial instruments, to 
changes in interest rates at 31 March is as follows:

Profit or loss
Cash flow
Equity

+1.0%
£m
46.1
0.1
83.3

2011

-1.0%
£m
(55.3)
(0.1)
(98.6)

+1.0%
£m
(38.7)
19.4
(33.7)

Inflation rate sensitivity analysis
The sensitivity of the group’s profit and equity to changes in inflation at 31 March is set out in the following table. This analysis 
excludes any impact on Severn Trent Water’s revenues and Regulated Capital Value.

Profit or loss
Equity

+1.0%
£m

(8.0)
(8.0)

2011

-1.0%
£m

8.0
8.0

+1.0%
£m

(7.6)
(7.6)

Total
£m

0.1
188.1
315.2

503.4

Total
£m

0.1
196.6
227.8

424.5

2010

-1.0%
£m
47.9
(15.4)
43.5

2010

-1.0%
£m

7.6
7.6

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

Exchange rate risk
The group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from net investments in foreign operations, 
primarily with respect to the US dollar and the euro. However, since substantially all of the group’s profits and net assets arise from 
Severn Trent Water which has very limited and indirect exposure to changes in exchange rates, the sensitivity of the group’s results  
to changes in exchange rates is not material.

The group has a significant value of foreign currency debt, primarily in yen and euros. The group’s policy is to manage the foreign 
exchange risk arising from foreign currency debt by entering into cross currency swaps, or forward contracts with external parties.

At 31 March 2011 the group had cross currency swaps or forward contracts in place for all foreign currency denominated debt  
(2010: 100%).

 
98

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)
Monetary assets and liabilities by currency, excluding functional currency
Certain of the group’s subsidiaries operate in markets where the local currency is different from the functional currency of the 
operation. Exchange risks relating to such operations are managed centrally by Group Treasury through forward exchange contracts 
to buy or sell currency. External foreign exchange contracts are designated at group level as hedges of foreign exchange risk on 
specific assets, liabilities or future transactions on a gross basis. The net amount of foreign currency assets and liabilities and the 
forward contracts that have been taken out to hedge the exchange risks on these assets and liabilities and on future committed 
transactions are summarised below.

2011
Functional currency of operation
Sterling

Total

2010
Functional currency of operation
Sterling

Total

US Dollar
£m

–

–

US Dollar
£m

0.6

0.6

Euro
£m

0.1

0.1

Euro
£m

0.1

0.1

Other
£m

0.1

0.1

Other
£m

0.1

0.1

Total
£m

0.2

0.2

Total
£m

0.8

0.8

The group’s borrowings are denominated in the following currencies after taking account of cross currency swaps:

Sterling
Euro

2011
£m

2010
£m

(4,343.1)
(1.3)

(4,175.3)
(1.2)

(4,344.4)

(4,176.5)

The euro denominated borrowings relate to operations in which the euro is the functional currency.

(ii)  Credit risk
Operationally the group has no significant concentrations of credit risk. It has policies in place to ensure that sales of products are 
made to customers with an appropriate credit history, other than in Severn Trent Water Limited, whose operating licence obliges it  
to supply domestic customers even in cases where bills are not paid. Amounts provided against accounts receivable and movements 
on the provision during the year are disclosed in note 22. 

For financing purpose, derivative counterparties and cash transactions are limited to high credit quality financial institutions.  
The group has policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution.

Credit risk analysis
At 31 March the credit limits and the amounts held on short term deposits were as follows:

AAA
Double A range
Single A range

Credit limit

Amount deposited

2011
£m

300.0
450.0
525.0

2010
£m

300.0
450.0
525.0

2011
£m

54.8
81.2
112.6

2010
£m

35.5
89.6
58.6

1,275.0

1,275.0

248.6

183.7

The amounts of derivative assets analysed by credit ratings of counterparties were as follows:

Rating
Double A range
Single A range

Financial assets
2010
£m
90.8
115.9

2011
£m
100.9
91.5

192.4

206.7

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

99

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)
(iii) Liquidity risk
Prudent liquidity management implies maintaining sufficient cash balances and the availability of funding through an adequate 
amount of committed facilities and the ability to close out market positions. Group Treasury manages liquidity and flexibility in funding 
by monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and the maturity profile of financial assets and liabilities and by keeping committed credit 
lines available. 

At the balance sheet date the group had committed undrawn borrowing facilities expiring as follows:

Within one year
Between one and two years
Between two and five years

2011
£m
41.7
458.3
–

500.0

2010
£m
–
191.7
458.3

650.0

Non-derivative financial instruments analysed by maturity date
The following tables detail the group’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative net financial liabilities. The information 
presented is based on the earliest date on which the group can be required to pay and represents the undiscounted cash flows 
including principal and interest.

within one year
£m

between one 
and two years
£m

between two 
and five years
£m

between five 
and ten years
£m

between ten  
and twenty 
years
£m

after more  
than twenty 
years
£m

2011
Financial liabilities
Bank loans
Other loans
Finance leases
Other financial liabilities

Financial assets
Trade receivables
Cash and short term deposits

2010
Financial liabilities
Bank loans
Other loans
Finance leases
Other financial liabilities

Financial assets
Trade receivables
Cash and short term deposits

(19.7)
(135.8)
(19.7)
(32.3)

(207.5)

188.1
315.2

295.8

(206.0)
(142.4)
(56.2)
(28.4)

(433.0)

196.6
227.8

(26.8)
(201.3)
(25.7)
–

(431.5)
(1,264.3)
(109.5)
–

(507.7)
(808.8)
(47.4)
–

(39.4)
(1,650.1)
(114.3)
–

–
(5,770.3)
–
–

(253.8)

(1,805.3)

(1,363.9)

(1,803.8)

(5,770.3)

(11,204.6)

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

188.1
315.2

(253.8)

(1,805.3)

(1,363.9)

(1,803.8)

(5,770.3)

(10,701.3)

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

within one year
£m

between one  
and two years
£m

between two  
and five years
£m

between five  
and ten years
£m

between ten  
and twenty  
years
£m

after more  
than twenty 
 years
£m

(10.4)
(142.2)
(21.2)
–

(212.7)
(743.7)
(78.8)
–

(341.9)
(1,444.8)
(101.5)
–

(43.1)
(1,680.0)
(95.8)
–

–
(5,320.7)
(32.0)
–

(173.8)

(1,035.2)

(1,888.2)

(1,818.9)

(5,352.7)

(10,701.8)

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

196.6
227.8

(8.6)

(173.8)

(1,035.2)

(1,888.2)

(1,818.9)

(5,352.7)

(10,277.4)

Total
£m

(1,025.1)
(9,830.6)
(316.6)
(32.3)

Total
£m

(814.1)
(9,473.8)
(385.5)
(28.4)

 
100

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)
Other loans include index-linked debt with maturities up to 56 years. The principal is revalued at fixed intervals and is linked to 
movements in the retail price index. Interest payments are made biannually based on the revalued principal. The principal repayment 
equals the revalued amount at maturity. The calculations above are based on forward inflation rates at the balance sheet date.

Derivative financial instruments analysed by maturity date
The following table details the group’s liquidity analysis for its derivative financial instruments. The tables are based on the 
undiscounted net cash inflows/(outflows) on the derivative financial instruments that settle on a net basis and the undiscounted gross 
inflows and (outflows) on those derivatives that require gross settlement. When the amount payable or receivable is not fixed, the 
amount disclosed has been determined by reference to the projected interest and foreign currency rates derived from the forward 
curves existing at the balance sheet date. Actual amounts may be significantly different from those indicated below.

2011
Instruments settled net
Interest rate swaps
Energy swaps
Instruments settled gross
Cross currency swaps
- cash receipts
- cash payments

Net cash flow

Total

Within one year
£m

Between one 
and two years
£m

Between two 
and five years
£m

Between five 
and ten years
£m

Between ten 
and twenty 
years
£m

Greater than 
twenty years
£m

Assets total
£m

Financial 
assets  
falling due

7.1
1.9

48.3
(31.6)

16.7

25.7

5.1
9.1

6.2
4.8

131.4
(99.2)

32.2

46.4

891.9
(759.8)

132.1

143.1

–
–

2.4
(2.2)

0.2

0.2

–
–

27.5
(12.2)

15.3

15.3

–
–

–
–

–

–

18.4
15.8

1,101.5
(905.0)

196.5

230.7

Financial 
liabilities 
falling due

2011
Instruments settled net
Interest rate swaps

Total

Within one year
£m

Between one 
and two years
£m

Between two 
and five years
£m

Between five 
and ten years
£m

Between ten 
and twenty 
years
£m

Greater than 
twenty years Liabilities total
£m

£m

(30.2)

(30.2)

(23.4)

(23.4)

(42.8)

(42.8)

(15.2)

(15.2)

(6.9)

(6.9)

0.8

0.8

(117.7)

(117.7)

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

101

32  Financial instruments (continued)
f)  Financial risk factors (continued)

2010
Instruments settled net
Interest rate swaps
Instruments settled gross
Cross currency swaps
- cash receipts
- cash payments

Net cash flow

Total

Within one year
£m

Between one  
and two years
£m

Between two  
and five years
£m

Between five  
and ten years
£m

Between ten  
and twenty  
years
£m

Greater than 
twenty years
£m

Assets total
£m

8.0

6.0

5.5

0.3

–

–

19.8

Financial  
assets  
falling due

51.9
(33.0)

18.9

26.9

48.2
(43.3)

4.9

10.9

303.7
(244.2)

59.5

65.0

753.7
(630.9)

122.8

123.1

56.7
(38.7)

18.0

18.0

128.9
(60.7)

68.2

68.2

1,343.1
(1,050.8)

292.3

312.1

Financial 
liabilities  
falling due

2010
Instruments settled net
Interest rate swaps
Energy swaps

Total

Within one year
£m

Between one  
and two years
£m

Between two  
and five years
£m

Between five 
and ten years
£m

Between ten  
and twenty  
years
£m

Greater than 
twenty years
£m

Liabilities total
£m

(44.5)
(0.1)

(44.6)

(30.4)
(0.6)

(31.0)

(45.4)
(8.7)

(54.1)

(26.1)
(1.0)

(27.1)

(33.4)
–

(33.4)

(15.8)
–

(15.8)

(195.6)
(10.4)

(206.0)

g)  Hedge accounting
The group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in exchange rates and interest rates. Hedge 
accounting is adopted for such instruments where the criteria set out in IAS 39 are met.

(i)  Fair value hedges
The group raises debt denominated in currencies other than sterling – principally Japanese Yen and Euro. Cross currency swaps are 
entered into at the time that the debt is drawn down to swap the proceeds into sterling debt bearing interest based on LIBOR in order 
to mitigate the group’s exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. The terms of the receivable leg of the swap closely match the terms  
of the underlying debt hence the swaps are expected to be effective hedges. At the year end the amounts of cross currency swaps 
designated as fair value hedges were as follows:

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

US dollar
Euro
Yen
Czech krona

Notional principal amount

Fair value

2011
£m

27.0
11.4
103.3
47.2

188.9

2010
£m

27.0
548.0
161.0
47.2

783.2

2011
£m

6.6
6.0
60.8
24.7

98.1

2010
£m

7.7
90.2
66.9
22.5

187.3

 
102

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

32  Financial instruments (continued)
g)  Hedge accounting (continued)
(ii)  Cash flow hedges
The group has entered into interest rate swaps under which it has agreed to exchange the difference between fixed and floating 
interest rate amounts calculated on agreed notional principal amounts. Such contracts enable the group to mitigate the risk of 
changing interest rates on future cash flow exposures arising from issued variable rate debt. The group also entered into a number of 
interest rate contracts with future start dates during the AMP5 regulatory period. Such contracts enable the group to mitigate the risk 
of changing interest rates on debt which is highly probable to be issued over the AMP5 period to fund Severn Trent Water’s capital 
programme and have been accounted for as cash flow hedges. The fair value of interest rate swaps at the balance sheet date is 
determined by discounting the future cash flows using the yield curve prevailing at the balance sheet date and the credit risk inherent 
in the contract.

The interest rate swaps primarily settle net on a biannual basis. The floating rate on the interest rate swaps is six months LIBOR.

Details of interest rate swaps that have been accounted for as cash flow hedges are summarised below.

Period to maturity

Less than 1 year
1-2 years
2-5 years
5-10 years
10-20 years
More than 20 years

Average 
contract fixed 
interest rate

2011
%

–
–
–
–
5.07%
–

5.07%

2010
%

–
–
–
–
5.07%
–

5.07%

2011
£m

–
–
–
–
493.0
–

493.0

Notional 
principal 
amount

2010
£m

–
–
–
–
493.0
–

493.0

2011
£m

–
–
–
–
(17.8)
–

(17.8)

Fair value

2010
£m

–
–
–
–
(9.5)
–

(9.5)

The group has entered into a series of energy swaps under which it has agreed to exchange the difference between fixed and market 
prices of electricity at six-monthly intervals up to March 2015.

Details of energy swaps that have been accounted for as cash flow hedges are summarised below:

Period to maturity
Less than 1 year
1-2 years
2-5 years

Average
contract  
price

2010
£/MWh
35.6
43.9
52.4

Notional
contracted 
amount

2010
MWh
65,520
196,560
1,275,456

2011
MWh
131,040
428,064
1,087,632

44.0

1,646,736

1,537,536

2011
£/MWh
42.0
45.1
54.7

47.3

Changes in the amounts deferred in equity during the period relating to cash flow hedges were as follows:

Fair value (losses)/gains deferred in equity at the start of the period
Fair value gains/(losses) recognised in equity in the period
Fair value gains transferred to finance costs in the period

Fair value gains/(losses) deferred in equity at the end of the period

2011
£m
1.8
6.2
6.7

14.7

2011
£m
(2.1)
16.0
4.5

18.4

Fair value

2010
£m
(0.1)
(1.0)
(8.7)

(9.8)

2010
£m
3.5
(13.2)
7.6

(2.1)

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

103

32  Financial instruments (continued)
g)  Hedge accounting (continued)
Details of interest rate swaps that have not been accounted for as cash flow hedges are summarised below:

Period to maturity

Less than 1 year
1-2 years
2-5 years
5-10 years
10-20 years
20-30 years

Average contract fixed  
interest rate

Notional principal amount

Fair value

2011
%

–
–
6.32
–
5.41
5.22

5.60

2010
%

5.11
–
–
6.32
–
5.32

5.60

2011
£m

–
–
225.0
–
237.3
200.0

2010
£m

355.0
–
–
225.0
–
455.0

2011
£m

–
–
(33.0)
–
(41.2)
(30.4)

2010
£m

(4.2)
–
–
(38.6)
–
(82.6)

662.3

1,035.0

(104.6)

(125.4)

Contracts where the group receives fixed interest are summarised below:

Period to maturity

Less than 1 year
1-2 years
2-5 years
5-10 years
10-20 years
20-30 years

Average contract fixed  
interest rate

Notional principal amount

Fair value

2011
%

–
–
5.18
–
–
–

5.18

2010
%

–
–
–
5.18
–
–

5.18

2011
£m

–
–
200.0
–
–
–

200.0

2010
£m

–
–
–
200.0
–
–

200.0

2011
£m

–
–
17.3
–
–
–

17.3

2010
£m

–
–
–
19.4
–
–

19.4

33  Share based payments
The group operates a number of share based remuneration schemes for employees. During the period, the group recognised total 
expenses of £4.6 million (2010: £5.1 million) related to equity settled share based payment transactions.

The weighted average share price during the period was £13.40 (2010: £10.50).

At 31 March 2011 the number of shares that were exercisable under each of the share based remuneration schemes was as follows:

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Long Term Incentive Plan
Employee Sharesave Scheme
Share Incentive Plan
Approved Share Option Scheme
Unapproved Share Option Scheme
Share Matching Plan

2011

2010

Number of 
exercisable 
options/awards

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

Number of 
exercisable 
options/awards

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

–
369,304
–
–
22,984
–

392,288

–
937p
–
–
729p
–

–
525,098
–
3,125
35,259
–

563,482

–
870p
–
720p
728p
–

a) Long Term Incentive Plans (LTIPs)
Under the LTIPs conditional awards of shares may be made to executive directors and senior staff. Awards are subject to 
performance conditions and continued employment throughout the vesting period. Awards have been made on different bases  
to Severn Trent Plc and Severn Trent Water employees (the LTIP) and to Severn Trent Services employees (the Services LTIP). 

During the year awards over 141,111 shares (2010: 163,421 shares) with a fair value of £7.91 (2010: £5.41) were made to 20 
employees (2010: 21 employees) under the LTIP. The LTIP awards are subject to total shareholder return over three years relative  
to the companies ranked 51 – 150 by market capitalisation in the FTSE index (excluding investment trusts).

The Services LTIP awards vest in three equal tranches which are subject to achievement of turnover and profit targets in the years 
ending 31 March 2011, 2012 and 2013. No awards have been made to employees under the Services LTIP during the year (2010: nil).

 
104

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

33  Share based payments (continued)
a)  Long term incentive plans (continued)
Details of changes in the number of awards outstanding during the year are set out below:

Outstanding at 1 April 2009
Granted during the year
Cancelled during the year
Lapsed during the year

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Granted during the year
Vested during the year
Cancelled during the year
Lapsed during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Details of LTIP awards outstanding at 31 March were as follows:

Date of grant

July 2007
July 2008
July 2008
July 2008
July 2009
July 2010

Number of awards

LTIP Services LTIP

582,182
163,421
(17,131)
(334,989)

393,483
141,111
(71,849)
(10,671)
(49,373)

118,489
–
(8,049)
–

110,440
–
–
(9,053)
–

402,701

101,387

Number of shares

2011

2010

–
151,322
33,671
33,109
151,786
134,200

121,223
153,528
36,813
36,813
155,546
–

504,088

503,923

Normal date  
of vesting

2010
2011
2012
2013
2012
2013

The fair value of the LTIP awards made during the year was calculated using the Monte Carlo method using the principal assumptions 
set out below:

Assumptions

Expected volatility
Severn Trent group
Comparator group
Correlation between Severn Trent Plc and comparator group
Proportion of employees expected to cease employment before vesting

2011

2010

27%
47%
32%
0%

25%
45%
30%
0%

Severn Trent share price volatility is based on observations of historical weekly volatility over a period prior to grant commensurate 
with the remaining term of the performance period for each award. 

For the July 2010 LTIP award and the July 2009 award the comparator group is the group of companies ranked 51 – 150 in the  
FTSE index excluding investment trusts.

The volatility of the comparator companies, the correlation between Severn Trent and the comparator companies, and performance 
over the portion of the performance period that had elapsed at the date of grant was taken into account when modelling the TSR 
performance condition.

The share price at the grant date was £12.28 (2010: £11.34). The vesting period commences before the grant date. Performance in 
the vesting period prior to the grant date is taken into account in determining the fair value of the award. 

Dividends ‘paid’ on shares during the vesting period are accumulated during the vesting period and released subject to achievement 
of the performance condition in the same manner as the underlying shares. As a result a dividend yield assumption is not required.

The 2009 Services LTIP is based entirely on non-market conditions and hence market assumptions are not required to determine the 
fair value of the award. For 2011 it has been assumed that performance against the Services LTIP non-market conditions will be 0.3%

Details of the basis of the LTIP schemes are set out in the remuneration report on page 48.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

105

33  Share based payments (continued)
b)  Employee Sharesave Scheme
Under the terms of the Sharesave Scheme, the board may grant the right to purchase ordinary shares in the company to those 
employees who have entered into an HMRC approved Save As You Earn contract for a period of three or five years.

Details of changes in the number of options outstanding during the year are set out below:

Outstanding at 1 April 2009
Granted during the year
Forfeited during the year
Cancelled during the year
Exercised during the year
Expired during the year

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Granted during the year
Forfeited during the year
Cancelled during the year
Exercised during the year
Expired during the year

Number of 
share options

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

3,724,812
992,888
(95,659)
(320,240)
(639,121)
(25,612)

3,637,068
366,272
(146,468)
(92,030)
(550,525)
(86,132)

877p
808p
1,007p
981p
715p
953p

899p
1,137p
895p
875p
841p
1,062p

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

3,128,185

904p

Sharesave options outstanding at 31 March were as follows:

Date of grant

January 2003
January 2004
January 2005
January 2006
January 2007
January 2008
January 2009
January 2010
January 2011

Normal date of exercise

Option price

2011

2010

Number of share options

2010
2011
2010 or 2012
2011 or 2013
2010, 2012 or 2014
2011 or 2013
2012 or 2014
2013 or 2015
2014 or 2016

536p
592p
759p
823p
1,172p
1,221p
862p
806p
1,137p

–
45,820
54,324
212,941
93,243
218,048
1,247,781
890,670
365,358

73,017
53,862
332,581
239,385
286,787
252,683
1,411,657
987,096
–

3,128,185

3,637,068

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The fair value of the Sharesave options granted during the year was calculated using the Black Scholes model. The principal 
assumptions were as follows:

Assumptions

3 year scheme 5 year scheme

3 year scheme

5 year scheme

2011

2010

Expected volatility
Risk free rate
Expected dividend yield
Proportion of employees expected to cease employment before vesting
Fair value per share - Sharesave

27%
1.63%
4.4%
15%
348p

27%
2.24%
4.4%
17%
359p

25%
1.80%
4.0%
15%
264p

25%
2.78%
4.0%
17%
280p

Expected volatility is based on historical weekly volatility over a three year period. Weekly volatility in the observed data was  
between 25-31%.

The risk free rate is derived from yields at the grant date of gilts of similar duration to the Sharesave contracts.

The proportion of employees expected to cease employment before vesting is based on historically observed data.

 
106

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

33  Share based payments (continued)
b)  Employee Sharesave Scheme (continued)
The following data was used in calculating the fair value of the Sharesave options:

Share price at grant date
Vesting period (years)
Option life (years)

3 year scheme 5 year scheme

3 year scheme

5 year scheme

2011

2010

1,486p
3
3.5

1,486p
5
5.5

1,080p
3
3.5

1,080p
5
5.5

The number of employees entering into Sharesave contracts and the number of options granted during the year were as follows:

Number of employees
Number of options granted

3 year scheme 5 year scheme

3 year scheme 5 year scheme

2011

2010

1,073
223,291

448
142,981

1,602
586,381

563
406,507

c) Share Incentive Plan (SIP)
Under the SIP the board may grant share awards to employees of group companies. During the year the board has announced that  
it will make awards under the SIP based on performance against Severn Trent Water’s targets for its Key Performance Indicators. 
Eligible employees will be entitled to shares to a maximum value of £750. It is expected that these awards will be made in August 
2011. SIP shares vest with the employee on the date of grant.

d) Approved Share Option Scheme
Under the terms of the Share Option Scheme (formerly Executive Share Option Scheme), the board has granted directors and other 
executives options to purchase ordinary shares in the company. No awards have been made under this scheme since July 2003.

Outstanding 1 April 2009
Exercised during the year

Outstanding 1 April 2010
Exercised during the year

Outstanding 31 March 2011

Number of 
share options

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

4,759
(1,634)

3,125
(3,125)

–

724p
731p

720p
720p

–

Options outstanding under this scheme at 31 March were as follows:

Date of grant

July 2002

Normal date of 
exercise

Option price

2005-2012

720p

Number of shares

2011

–

2010

3,125

e) Unapproved Share Option Scheme
The board has granted a number of executives options to purchase ordinary shares in the company under an unapproved share 
option scheme. No awards have been made under this scheme since July 2003.

Details of movements in the share awards outstanding during the year are as follows:

Outstanding at 1 April 2009
Exercised during the year

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Lapsed during the year
Exercised during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Number of 
share options

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

40,763
(5,504)

35,259
(8,596)
(3,679)

22,984

728p
728p

728p
729p
720p

729p

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

107

33  Share based payments (continued)
e) Unapproved Share Option Scheme (continued)
Options outstanding under this scheme at 31 March were as follows:

Date of grant

June 2001
June 2002

Number of shares

Normal date of 
exercise

2004-2011
2005-2012

Option price

2011

2010

738p
720p

11,844
11,140

16,274
18,985

22,984

35,259

f) Share Matching Plan (SMP)
Under the Share Matching Plan members of the Executive Committee receive matching share awards over those shares which have 
been acquired under the deferred share component of the annual bonus scheme. Matching shares may be awarded at a maximum 
ratio of one matching share for every one deferred share and are subject to a three year vesting period. During the year matching 
shares were awarded at a ratio of 0.5 to 1.

Matching shares are subject to total shareholder return over three years measured relative to the companies ranked 51-150 by market 
capitalisation in the FTSE Index (excluding investment trusts). This replicates the LTIP performance condition for the July 2010 award.

The number of shares subject to an award will increase to reflect dividends paid through the performance period on the basis of such 
notional dividends being reinvested at the then prevailing share price. Awards will normally vest as soon as the Remuneration 
Committee determines that the performance conditions have been met provided that the participant remains in employment at the 
end of the performance period.

During the year 25,187 matching shares with a fair value of £6.79 were awarded to 11 employees (2010: nil).

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Number of 
share options

–
25,187
–

25,187

Details of share matching awards outstanding at 31 March 2011 were as follows:

Date of grant

May 2010

Number of shares

Normal date of 

vesting  

2011

June 2013  

25,187 

2010

– 

The fair value of the share matching awards made during the year was calculated using the Monte Carlo method using the principal 
assumptions set out below:

Assumptions

Expected volatility
Severn Trent group
Comparator group
Correlation between Severn Trent Plc and comparator group
Proportion of employees expected to cease employment before vesting

2011

27%
46%
33%
0%

Share price volatility is based on observations over a historical period prior to the date of grant, commensurate to the expected term 
of the performance period.

The comparator group is the companies ranked 51-150 in the FTSE Index.

The share price at the grant date was £11.26.

Dividends paid on the shares during the vesting period are accumulated during the vesting period and released subject to the 
achievement of the performance condition, in the same manner as the underlying shares. As a result a dividend yield assumption  
is not required.

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108

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

34  Cash flow statement
a)  Reconciliation of operating profit to operating cash flows

Profit before interest and tax
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Amortisation of intangible assets
Exceptional impairment and depreciation
Pension service cost
Curtailment cost
Pension contributions
Share based payments charge
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment
Loss on disposal of businesses
Deferred income movement
Provisions charged to the income statement
Utilisation of provisions for liabilities and charges
(Increase)/decrease in stocks
Increase in debtors
Increase/(decrease) in creditors

Cash generated from operations
Tax paid

2011
£m

497.7
251.5
25.4
–
22.7
–
(40.0)
4.6
(2.6)
–
(8.4)
6.8
(19.0)
(0.5)
(7.5)
22.3

753.0
(32.4)

2010
£m

507.4
236.1
25.2
6.6
14.7
7.4
(39.6)
5.1
(4.5)
1.7
(7.4)
24.2
(10.5)
3.9
(26.4)
(35.9)

708.0
(53.8)

Net cash generated from operating activities

720.6

654.2

b)  Non-cash transactions
No additions to property, plant and equipment during the year were financed by new finance leases (2010: nil).

c)  Exceptional cash flows
The following cash flows arose from items classified as exceptional in the income statement:

Restructuring costs
Regulatory matters
Fines and penalties
Loss on disposal of businesses

d)  Reconciliation of movement in cash and cash equivalents to movement in net debt

2011
£m

(27.6)
(3.8)
–
–

(31.4)

2010
£m

(15.9)
–
(2.0)
(0.9)

(18.8)

Cash and cash equivalents

Net cash and cash equivalents
Bank loans
Other loans
Finance leases
Cross currency swaps

As at
1 April
2010
£m

227.8

227.8
(689.8)
(3,185.9)
(300.8)
187.3

Cash flow
£m

Fair value
adjustments
£m

RPI uplift on
index-linked
debt
£m

Foreign
exchange
£m

Other
non-cash
movements
£m

As at
31 March
2011
£m

88.3

88.3
(150.0)
7.5
47.3
(20.5)

–

–
–
(10.4)
–
(4.1)

(14.5)

–

–
(7.0)
(42.9)
–
–

(49.9)

(0.9)

(0.9)
–
(1.2)
–
–

(2.1)

–

315.2

–
–
2.0
(13.2)
(2.3)

315.2
(846.8)
(3,230.9)
(266.7)
160.4

(13.5)

(3,868.8)

Net debt

(3,761.4)

(27.4)

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

109

35  Contingent liabilities
a)  Bonds and guarantees
Group undertakings have entered into bonds and guarantees in the normal course of business. No liability is expected to arise in 
respect of either bonds or guarantees.

b)  Disposal of subsidiaries
The group has given certain guarantees and indemnities in relation to disposals of businesses.

On 5 March 2007 the group received notice of a claim for €23.4 million from Veolia Proprete S.A (‘Veolia’) alleging breach of warranty 
in relation to the disposal of Biffa Belgium. The group subsequently received notice from Veolia of a further claim for €5 million 
relating to the same matter. The group considered that there was no basis for this claim and hence no provision was recorded in the 
financial statements in relation to this matter. Following a hearing in the Commercial Court in Belgium in February 2010, the Court 
rendered judgment in favour of the group on 1 April 2010 and declared all of Veolia’s claims to be unfounded. The group has received 
notice that Veolia has filed an appeal against this decision.

The group is not aware of any other liability that is likely to result from these guarantees and indemnities that has not been provided 
for in these financial statements.

c)  Regulatory matters
Following an audit in September 2010 by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) of aspects of the services provided by Severn Trent 
Laboratories Ltd from its Bridgend laboratory, inorganic testing services provided by that laboratory were temporarily suspended, and 
transferred to another of the group’s laboratories, pending completion of an investigation commissioned by Severn Trent Plc. The 
results of this investigation have been discussed with the DWI. Inorganics testing resumed at Bridgend in January 2011 following 
accreditation by UKAS of revised testing processes.

At this stage it is not possible to determine what, if any, liability will arise as a result of this incident.

On 17 December 2010 Severn Trent Plc, Severn Trent Water Ltd and Severn Trent Laboratories Ltd received a request from Ofwat to 
provide certain information under the Competition Act in connection with Severn Trent Laboratories Ltd’s contracts with Severn Trent 
Water Ltd and certain other water companies. The information requested has subsequently been provided to Ofwat.

At this stage it is not possible to determine what, if any, liability will arise as a result of this request.

36  Service concession arrangements
The group’s contract to provide water and waste water services to the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is a service concession 
arrangement under the definition set out in IFRIC 12. The group acts as the service provider under the MoD Project Aquatrine 
Package C – a 25 year contract spanning some 1,523 sites across England covering the Eastern sea border and from Lancashire  
in the North West to West Sussex on the South Coast. 

Under the contract the group maintains and upgrades the MoD infrastructure assets and provides operating services for water and 
waste water. The maintenance and upgrade services are charged at an agreed rate, adjusted for inflation, that is agreed in the 
contract. The operating services are charged under an agreed volumetric tariff.

Since the group has an unconditional right to receive cash in exchange for the maintenance and upgrade services, the amounts 
receivable are recognised as a financial asset within prepayments and accrued income. At 31 March 2011 the amount receivable  
was £27.1 million (2010: £26.2 million).

There have been no significant changes to the arrangement during the year.

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110

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the group financial statements (continued)

For the year ended 31 March 2011

37  Financial and other commitments
a)  Investment expenditure commitments

Contracted for but not provided in the financial statements

2011
£m

91.7

2010
£m

321.0

In addition to these contractual commitments, Severn Trent Water Limited has longer term expenditure plans which include 
investments to achieve improvements in performance mandated by the Director General of Water Services (Ofwat) and to provide  
for growth in demand for water and sewerage services.

b)  Leasing commitments
At the balance sheet date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum operating lease payments under non-
cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Within one year
In the second year to fifth years inclusive
After more than five years

2011
£m

4.4
11.2
7.3

22.9

2010
£m

4.9
9.0
4.9

18.8

Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the group for certain of its office properties, plant and equipment.

38  Post balance sheet events
Following the year end the board of directors has proposed a final dividend of 39.05 pence per share. Further details of this are 
shown in note 14.

39  Related party transactions
Transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation and are not 
included in this note. Transactions between the group and its associates and joint ventures are disclosed below.

Trading transactions

Cognica
SII
Jackson Water Partnership

Sale of goods

Purchase of goods

Amounts due from related 
parties

2011
£m

–
6.9
2.9

9.8

2010
£m

–
10.5
5.0

15.5

2011
£m

–
–
–

–

2010
£m

0.1
–
–

0.1

2011
£m

–
18.5
–

18.5

2010
£m

–
15.5
1.5

17.0

Amounts due to related parties

2011
£m

2010
£m

–
–
–

–

The related parties are associates and joint ventures in which the group has a participating interest.

Remuneration of key management personnel
Key management personnel comprise the members of STEC during the year.

The remuneration of the directors is included within the amounts disclosed below. Further information about the remuneration  
of individual directors is provided in the audited part of the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 51 to 55.

Short term employee benefits
Post employment benefits
Termination benefits
Share based payments

2011
£m

4.8
0.5
0.3
0.6

6.2

–
–
–

–

2010
£m

5.5
0.6
0.3
0.5

6.9

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

111

40  Principal subsidiary undertakings and  

their directors

Details of the principal operating subsidiaries as at 26 May 2011 
are given below. A complete list of subsidiary undertakings is 
available on request to the company and will be filed with the 
next Annual Return.

Severn Trent Water
Severn Trent Water Limited
2 St John’s Street, Coventry CV1 2LZ 
Telephone 02477 715 000

Directors
A J Duff  
A J Ballance  
B Bulkin  
R H Davey  
G Fryett  
M J Lamb

M J Kane 
M J E McKeon 
Baroness Noakes 
A P Smith 
A P Wray 

Severn Trent Services
Severn Trent Services Inc.
Suite 300, 580 Virginia Drive, 
Ft Washington, Pennsylvania 19034, USA 
Telephone 001 215 646 9201 
(Incorporated and operational in the United States of America)

Directors
D L Chester 

L F Graziano

Severn Trent Environmental Services Inc.
Park 10, 16337 Park Row 
Houston, Texas 77084, USA 
Telephone 001 281 578 4200 
(Incorporated and operational in the United States of America)

Directors
D L Chester 
L F Graziano

K J Kelly 

Severn Trent Services Limited
Arley Drive, Birch Coppice Business Park 
Dordon, Tamworth B78 1SA 
Telephone 01827 266 000

Directors
L F Graziano 
R C McPheely 

K A A Porritt  
P M Senior

Severn Trent Water Purification Inc.
3000 Advance Lane,  
Colmar, Pennsylvania 18915, USA 
Telephone 001 215 997 4000 
(Incorporated and operational in the United States of America)

Directors
D L Chester 
L F Graziano

K J Kelly 

Severn Trent Services International Limited
2308 Coventry Road, Birmingham B26 3JZ 
Telephone 0121 722 6000

Directors
L F Graziano 
R C McPheely 

K A A Porritt 
P M Senior

C2C Services Limited
(80% owned) 
2308 Coventry Road, Birmingham B26 3JZ 
Telephone 0121 722 6000

Directors
D Godfrey 
A J Handford 
R G Piper 

R J Phillips 
W G Weatherdon 
E A Wilson

Severn Trent Laboratories Limited
STL Business Centre, Torrington Avenue 
Coventry CV4 9GU 
Telephone 024 764 21213

Directors
L F Graziano 
R C McPheely 

K A A Porritt 
P M Senior

Other Businesses
Derwent Insurance Limited
6A Queensway, PO Box 64, Gibraltar 
Telephone 00 350 47529 
(Insurance company – incorporated and operational in Gibraltar)

Directors
J Davies 
N Feetham 

F B Smith 
F White

Severn Trent Luxembourg Overseas Holdings S.a.r.l.
1A rue Thomas Edison L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg 
(Finance company – registered and operational in Luxembourg)

Directors
D L Chester 
L F Graziano 
M J E McKeon 

X Pauwels 
D Robyns 
F B Smith

Country of incorporation and main operation is Great Britain and 
registration is in England and Wales unless otherwise stated.  
All subsidiary undertakings are wholly owned unless otherwise 
indicated. All shareholdings are in ordinary shares.

All subsidiary undertakings have been included in the 
consolidation.

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112

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Independent auditor’s report to the members of 
Severn Trent Plc

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies 
Act 2006
In our opinion:

•  the part of the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited 
has been properly prepared in accordance with Companies 
Act 2006; and

•  the information given in the Directors’ report for the financial 

year for which the financial statements are prepared is 
consistent with the parent company financial statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters 
where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if,  
in our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 
parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have  
not been received from branches not visited by us; or
•  the parent company financial statements and the part of  
the Directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not in 
agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by 

law are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations  

we require for our audit.

Other matter
We have reported separately on the group financial statements 
of Severn Trent Plc for the year ended 31 March 2011. 

Carl D Hughes (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor
London, UK 
26 May 2011

We have audited the parent company financial statements of 
Severn Trent Plc for the year ended 31 March 2011 which 
comprise the company balance sheet, the company statement  
of total recognised gains and losses, and the related notes  
1 to 19. The financial reporting framework that has been applied 
in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted 
Accounting Practice).

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a 
body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies 
Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and  
the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for  
this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibility statement, 
the directors are responsible for the preparation of the parent 
company financial statements and for being satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and 
express an opinion on the parent company financial statements 
in accordance with applicable law and International Standards 
on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to 
comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards  
for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the financial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts  
and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give 
reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free  
from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. 
This includes an assessment of: whether the accounting policies 
are appropriate to the parent company’s circumstances and 
have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the 
reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by  
the directors; and the overall presentation of the financial 
statements.

Opinion on financial statements
In our opinion the parent company financial statements:

•  give a true and fair view of the state of the parent company’s 

affairs as at 31 March 2011;

•  have been properly prepared in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
•  have been prepared in accordance with the requirements  

of the Companies Act 2006.

Company balance sheet

At 31 March 2011

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

113

Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets
Investments in subsidiaries
Derivative financial instruments

Current assets
Debtors
Derivative financial instruments
Cash at bank and in hand

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Net current liabilities

Total assets less current liabilities
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

Net assets

Capital and reserves attributable to the company’s equity shareholders
Called up share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Equity attributable to the company’s equity shareholders

Signed on behalf of the board who approved the accounts on 26 May 2011.

Andrew Duff 
Chairman 

Michael McKeon
Finance Director

Company Number: 2366619

Note

2011
£m

2010
£m

2
3

4

5

6

8
9
10
11

11

0.2
3,550.1
27.5

0.4
3,609.3
21.0

3,577.8

3,630.7

16.2
–
223.2

239.4
(827.2)

56.3
2.8
239.0

298.1
(746.1)

(587.8)

(448.0)

2,990.0
(167.7)

3,182.7
(466.6)

2,822.3

2,716.1

232.2
80.0
150.6
2,359.5

231.6
75.9
148.6
2,260.0

2,822.3

2,716.1

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Company statement of total recognised gains  
and losses

For the year ended 31 March 2011

Transfers
Transfers to the profit and loss account on cash flow hedges
Deferred tax on transfers to the profit and loss account

Profit for the period

Total recognised gains and losses for the period

2011
£m

2.7
(0.7)

2.0
264.5

266.5

2010
£m

3.2
(0.9)

2.3
140.0

142.3

 
114

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the company financial statements

For the year ended 31 March 2011

1  Accounting policies
a)  Basis of accounting
The financial statements have been prepared under the 
historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of 
financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) 
at fair value through profit or loss and in accordance with 
applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards and comply 
with the requirements of the United Kingdom Companies Act 
2006 (‘the Act’).

b)  Tangible fixed assets and depreciation
Tangible fixed assets are included at cost less accumulated 
depreciation. Freehold land is not depreciated. Other assets  
are depreciated on a straight line basis over their estimated 
economic lives, which are principally as follows:

Buildings
Computers and software

Years
30-60
2-15

c)  Leased assets
Where assets are financed by leasing arrangements which 
transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an 
asset to the lessee (finance leases), the assets are accounted 
for as if they had been purchased and the fair values of the 
minimum lease payments are shown as an obligation to the 
lessor. Lease payments are treated as consisting of a capital 
element and a finance charge, the capital element reducing the 
obligation to the lessor and the finance charge being written off 
to the profit and loss account over the period of the lease in 
proportion to the capital amount outstanding. Depreciation is 
charged over the shorter of the estimated useful life and the 
lease period. All other leases are accounted for as operating 
leases. Rental costs arising under operating leases are charged 
to the profit and loss account on a straight line basis over the life 
of the lease.

d)  Impairment of fixed assets and investments
Impairments of fixed assets and investments are calculated  
as the difference between the carrying values of net assets  
of income generating units, including where appropriate 
investments and goodwill, and their recoverable amounts. 
Recoverable amount is defined as the higher of net realisable 
value or estimated value in use at the date the impairment review 
is undertaken. Net realisable value represents the net amount 
that can be generated through sale of assets. Value in use 
represents the present value of expected future cash flows 
discounted on a pre-tax basis, using the estimated cost of capital 
of the income generating unit. Impairment reviews are carried 
out if there is some indication that an impairment may have 
occurred, or, where otherwise required, to ensure that goodwill 
and fixed assets are not carried above their estimated 
recoverable amounts. Impairments are recognised in the  
profit and loss account and, where material, are disclosed  
as exceptional.

e)  Financial instruments
(i)  Financial assets
Financial assets are classified into the following specified 
categories:

•  At fair value through profit or loss;
•  Held to maturity investments;
•  Available for sale financial assets; and
•  Loans and receivables.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset is classified at fair value through profit or loss if 
it is so designated or if it is held for trading. Derivative financial 
assets that are not designated and effective as hedging 
instruments are classified as held for trading. Financial assets at 
fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any 
gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in gains/
losses on financial instruments in the income statement. Fair 
value is determined using the methodology described in note 32 
to the group’s financial statements. Interest receivable in respect 
of derivative financial assets is included in finance income.

Held to maturity investments
Where the company has the ability and intent to hold an 
investment to maturity the financial asset is classified as held to 
maturity. Such financial assets are measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest rate method, with any gains or losses 
being recognised in the income statement.

Available for sale financial assets
After initial recognition at cost (being the fair value of the 
consideration paid), investments which are classified as 
available for sale are measured at fair value, with gains or losses 
recognised in equity. When an available for sale investment is 
disposed of, or impaired, the gain or loss previously recognised 
in equity is taken to the income statement. Where there is no 
active market in the investments and the fair value cannot be 
measured reliably, the investments are held at cost.

Loans and receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables that have fixed  
or determinable payments and that are not quoted in an active 
market are classified as loans and receivables. Such assets  
are measured at fair value on initial recognition and are 
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the  
effective interest rate method unless there is objective  
evidence that the asset is impaired, where it is written down  
to its recoverable amount and the irrecoverable amount is 
recognised as an expense.

(ii)  Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as either:

•  financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss; or
•  other financial liabilities.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
A financial liability is classified at fair value through profit or loss 
if it is so designated or if it is held for trading. Derivative financial 
liabilities that are not designated and effective as hedging 
instruments are classified as held for trading. Financial liabilities 
at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with 
any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in 
gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement. 
Fair value is determined using the methodology described  
in note 32 in the group financial statements. Interest payable  
in respect of derivative financial liabilities is included in  
finance costs.

Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially 
recognised at fair value less transaction costs. After initial 
recognition, other financial liabilities are subsequently measured 
at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

115

1 Accounting policies (continued)
e)  Financial instruments (continued)
(iii) Hedge accounting
The company uses derivative financial instruments such as 
cross currency swaps, forward currency contracts and interest 
rate swaps to hedge its risks associated with foreign currency 
and interest rate fluctuations. Such derivative instruments are 
recognised and measured in accordance with the accounting 
policies described above. 

At the inception of the hedge relationship the company 
documents:

•  the relationship between the hedging instrument and the 

hedged item;

•  its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking 

hedge transactions; and

•  whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in 
offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows (as 
appropriate) of the hedged item.

The company continues to test and document the effectiveness 
of the hedge on an ongoing basis.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument 
expires, is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies 
for hedge accounting.

Fair value hedges
Where a loan or borrowing is in a fair value hedging relationship 
it is remeasured for changes in fair value of the hedged risk at 
the balance sheet date, with gains or losses being recognised in 
gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement. 
The gain or loss on the hedging instrument is taken to gains/
losses on financial instruments in the income statement where 
the effective portion of the hedge will offset the gain or loss on 
the hedged item.

When hedge accounting is discontinued the fair value 
adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising 
from the hedged risk is amortised to the income statement  
from that date.

Cash flow hedges
The portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument that  
is determined to be an effective hedge is recognised directly in 
equity and the ineffective portion in gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement. The gains or losses 
deferred in equity in this way are recycled through gains/losses 
on financial instruments in the income statement in the same 
period in which the hedged underlying transaction or firm 
commitment is recognised in the income statement.

When hedge accounting is discontinued any cumulative gain  
or loss on the hedging instrument recognised in equity is kept  
in equity until the forecast transaction occurs, or transferred  
to gains/losses on financial instruments in the income statement 
if the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur.

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations
Where forward currency contracts and foreign currency 
borrowings are used to hedge net investments in foreign 
currency denominated operations, to the extent that they are 
designated and effective as net investment hedges, they are 
matched in equity against changes in value of the related assets. 
Any ineffectiveness is taken to gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement.

(iv) Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other 
host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their 
risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the 
host contract and the host contract is not carried at fair value, 
with gains and losses reported in gains/losses on financial 
instruments in the income statement.

Investments

f) 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings are held at  
historical cost.

After initial recognition at cost (being the fair value of the 
consideration paid), investments which are classified as held  
for trading or available for sale are measured at fair value, with 
gains or losses recognised in income or equity respectively. 
When an available for sale investment is disposed of, or 
impaired, the gain or loss previously recognised in reserves  
is taken to the profit and loss account.

g)  Share based payments
The company operates a number of equity settled, share based 
compensation plans for employees. The fair value of the 
employee services received in exchange for the grant is 
recognised as an expense over the vesting period of the grant.

The fair value of employee services is determined by reference 
to the fair value of the awards granted calculated using a pricing 
model, excluding the impact of any non-market conditions.  
The number of awards expected to vest takes into account 
non-market vesting conditions including, where appropriate, 
continuing employment by the group. The charge is adjusted  
to reflect shares that do not vest as a result of failing to meet  
a non-market based condition.

h)  Cash flow statement
The company has taken advantage of the exemption under 
Financial Reporting Statement 1 ‘Cash flow statements’ and  
not produced a cash flow statement.

i)  Deferred taxation
Deferred taxation is fully provided for in respect of timing 
differences between the treatment of certain items for taxation 
and accounting purposes only to the extent that the company 
has an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay 
less tax in the future. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to 
the extent that taxable profits are expected to arise in the future. 
Material deferred taxation balances arising are discounted by 
applying an appropriate risk free discount rate.

j)  Pensions
The company participates in the group’s defined benefit and 
defined contribution pension schemes, details of which are set 
out in note 27 to the group financial statements. However, the 
company is currently unable to identify its share of assets and 
liabilities relating to the defined benefit schemes. The pension 
costs charged against the operating profit are the contributions 
payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period in 
respect of the defined benefit and defined contribution schemes.

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116

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

2  Tangible fixed assets

Cost
As at 1 April 2010

As at 31 March 2011

Depreciation
As at 1 April 2010
Charge for the year

As at 31 March 2011

Net book value
At 31 March 2011

At 31 March 2010

3 

Investments

As at 1 April 2010
Additions/loans advanced
Disposals/loans repaid

As at 31 March 2011

Land and 
buildings
£m

Plant and 
equipment
£m

0.7

0.7

(0.7)
–

(0.7)

–

–

0.6

0.6

(0.2)
(0.2)

(0.4)

0.2

0.4

Total
£m

1.3

1.3

(0.9)
(0.2)

(1.1)

0.2

0.4

Shares
£m
3,288.1
4.4
–

Subsidiary undertakings

Loans
£m
321.2
–
(63.6)

Total
£m
3,609.3
4.4
(63.6)

3,292.5

257.6

3,550.1

Details of principal subsidiaries of the company are given in note 40 of the group financial statements.

4  Debtors

Amounts owed by group undertakings
Deferred tax
Corporation tax recoverable
Other debtors
Prepayments and accrued income

5  Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Bank overdrafts
Other loans

Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Trade creditors
Amounts due to group undertakings
Other creditors
Taxation and social security
Accrued expenses

2011
£m
5.4
9.2
–
0.2
1.4

16.2

2011
£m
(4.9)
–

(4.9)
–
(0.2)
(808.3)
(8.6)
(0.7)
(4.5)

2010
£m
3.5
10.1
38.3
0.1
4.3

56.3

2010
£m
(91.4)
(10.6)

(102.0)
(2.0)
(0.2)
(635.5)
(5.6)
–
(0.8)

(827.2)

(746.1)

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

117

2011
£m
(81.8)
(52.8)
(33.1)

2010
£m
(77.8)
(350.2)
(38.6)

(167.7)

(466.6)

6  Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

Borrowings - other loans (note 7)
Amounts due to group undertakings
Derivative financial instruments

7  Borrowings

Borrowings due within one year
Borrowings due after more than one year
Between one and two years
Between two and five years
After more than five years

Total borrowings due after one year

2011
£m
4.9

22.9
58.9
–

81.8

86.7

2010
£m
102.0

–
55.8
22.0

77.8

179.8

Total
£m
4.9
81.8

86.7
–

86.7

Total
£m
91.4
88.4

179.8
–

179.8

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Borrowings analysed by interest rate after taking account of interest rate swaps entered into by the company were:

2011
Bank loans and overdrafts
Other loans

Impact of interest rate swaps not matched against specific debt instruments

Weighted average interest rate
Weighted average period for which interest is fixed (years)

2010
Bank loans and overdrafts
Other loans

Impact of interest rate swaps not matched against specific debt instruments

Weighted average interest rate
Weighted average period for which interest is fixed (years)

Non-interest 
bearing 

liabilities Floating rate
£m
4.9
81.8

£m
–
–

Fixed rate
£m
–
–

–
–

–

86.7
(225.0)

–
225.0

(138.3)

225.0

6.32%
4.5

Non-interest 
bearing 
liabilities
£m
–
–

–
–

–

Floating rate
£m
91.4
88.4

179.8
(300.0)

Fixed rate
£m
–
–

–
300.0

(120.2)

300.0

6.32%
4.2

 
118

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

7  Borrowings (continued)

The company’s borrowings are denominated in sterling, after taking account of cross currency swaps the company has entered into. 
There is no difference between the book value and the fair value of the company’s borrowings. Fair values are based on the expected 
future cash flows discounted using zero coupon forward interest rates related to the expected timing of payments.

At the balance sheet date the company had committed undrawn borrowing facilities expiring as follows:

Within one year
1-2 years
2-5 years
After more than five years

8  Share capital

Total issued and fully paid share capital
237,142,534 ordinary shares of 97 17/19p (2010: 236,585,205)

Changes in share capital were as follows:

Ordinary shares of 97 17/19p
At 1 April 2010
Shares issued under the group’s Employee Sharesave Scheme
Shares issued under the group’s Share Option Scheme

At 31 March 2011

9  Share premium

At 1 April
Share premium arising on issue of shares for Employee Sharesave Scheme

At 31 March

10  Other reserves

2011
£m
41.7
458.3
–
–

500.0

2010
£m
–
191.7
458.3
–

650.0

2011
£m

2010
£m

232.2

231.6

Number

£m

236,585,205
550,525
6,804

237,142,534

2011
£m
75.9
4.1

80.0

231.6
0.5
0.1

232.2

2010
£m
71.9
4.0

75.9

At 1 April 2009
Transfers to the profit and loss account on cash flow hedges

At 1 April 2010
Transfers to the profit and loss account on cash flow hedges

At 31 March 2011

The capital redemption reserve arose on the repurchase of B shares. This is not distributable.

Capital 
redemption 
reserve
£m
156.1
–

156.1
–

156.1

Hedging 
reserve
£m
(9.8)
2.3

(7.5)
2.0

(5.5)

Total other 
reserves
£m
146.3
2.3

148.6
2.0

150.6

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

119

Share  
capital
£m
231.0

Share 
premium
£m
71.9

Other 
reserves
£m
146.3

Retained 
earnings
£m
2,274.5

Equity 
attributable to 
the equity 
holders of 
Severn Trent 
Plc
£m
2,723.7

–

0.6
–
–
–

–

4.0
–
–
–

2.3

–

2.3

–
–
–
–

–
5.2
140.0
(159.7)

4.6
5.2
140.0
(159.7)

231.6

75.9

148.6

2,260.0

2,716.1

–

0.6
–
–
–

–

4.1
–
–
–

2.0

–

2.0

–
–
–
–

–
4.4
264.5
(169.4)

4.7
4.4
264.5
(169.4)

232.2

80.0

150.6

2,359.5

2,822.3

11  Reconciliation of movements in shareholders’ equity

At 1 April 2009
Cash flow hedges
- transfers to net profit
Share options and LTIPs
- proceeds from shares issued
- awards granted by subsidiaries
Net profit for the year
Dividends

At 1 April 2010
Cash flow hedges
- Transfers to net profit
Share options and LTIPs
- proceeds from shares issued
- awards granted by subsidiaries
Net profit for the year
Dividends

At 31 March 2011

In previous years £1,221.2 million of the company’s retained profit arose as a result of group restructuring exercises, and is not 
considered likely to be distributable. As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, no profit or loss account is presented 
for the company.

12  Employee costs and auditors’ remuneration

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Pension costs

Total employee costs

2011
£m
1.3
0.2
0.6

2.1

2010
£m
1.2
0.1
0.8

2.1

For details of directors’ remuneration see the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 51 to 55.

Fees payable to Deloitte LLP and their associates for non-audit services to the company are not required to be disclosed because  
the consolidated financial statements are required to disclose such fees on a consolidated basis.

13  Employee numbers
Average number of employees of the company (including executive directors) during this year was 12 (2010: 11).

All were based in the United Kingdom.

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120

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Notes to the company financial statements (continued)

14  Employee share schemes
For details of employee share schemes and options granted over the shares of the company, see note 33 of the group financial 
statements. Details of the LTIP conditional awards and share options granted by the company to its employees are set out below. 

The company has charged £0.1 million (2010: £0.1 million) to the profit and loss account in respect of share based payments.

At 31 March 2011 the number of options that were exercisable under each of the share based remuneration schemes was as follows:

Employee Sharesave Plan
Long Term Incentive Plan
Share Matching Plan

(i)  Long Term Incentive Plan
Changes in the number of awards outstanding during the year:

Outstanding at 1 April 2009
Granted during the year
Lapsed during the year

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Granted during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Awards outstanding at 31 March were:

Date of grant
2008
2009
2010

(ii) Employee Sharesave Scheme
Changes in the number of options outstanding during the year:

Outstanding at 1 April 2009
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year
Transferred from other group companies

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Lapsed during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Options outstanding at 31 March were:

Date of grant
January 2007
January 2009
January 2010

2011

Number of 
exercisable 
options/awards
–
–
–

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
–
–
–

Number of 
exercisable 
options
161
–
–

2010

Weighted 
average 
exercise price
1,172
–
–

Number of 
awards
80,140
4,813
(76,574)

8,379
4,422

12,801

Number of shares

2011
3,566
4,813
4,422

12,801

Number of 
shares
1,237
449
(1,237)
4,107

4,556
(161)

4,395

2010
3,566
4,813
–

8,379

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price
598p
806p
598p
874p

867p
1,172p

856p

Number of shares

2011
–
3,946
449

4,395

2010
161
3,946
449

4,556

Normal date of vesting
2011
2012
2013

Normal date of vesting
2010, 2012 or 2014
2012 or 2014
2013 or 2015

Option price
1,172p
862p
806p

14  Employee share schemes (continued)

(iii) Share Matching Plan (SMP)
Changes in the number of options outstanding during the year:

Outstanding at 1 April 2010
Granted during the year
Exercised during the year

Outstanding at 31 March 2011

Options outstanding at 31 March were:

Date of grant

May 2011

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

121

Number of 
share options
– 
457 
– 

457 

Normal date of 

vesting  

June 2011  

Number of shares

2011

457 

457 

2010

– 

– 

15  Pensions
The company operates two defined benefit schemes (being the Severn Trent Pension Scheme and the Severn Trent Water Mirror 
Image Pension Scheme). In addition, the group operates an unfunded arrangement for certain employees whose earnings are above 
the pension cap.

Further details regarding the operation of these schemes are given in note 27 of the group financial statements.

The company is currently unable to identify its share of the underlying assets and liabilities from the group’s defined benefit schemes, 
and hence it continues to account for the cost of contributions as if the scheme was a defined contribution scheme.

The pension charge for the year was £0.2 million (2010: £0.8 million).

16  Related party transactions
The company has taken advantage of the exemption under FRS 8 “Related Party Disclosures” and not disclosed details of 
transactions with other undertakings within the Severn Trent group of companies.

17  Contingent liabilities
a)  Bonds and guarantees
The company has entered into bonds and guarantees in the normal course of business. No liabilities are expected to arise in respect 
of either the bonds or guarantees.

b)  Bank offset arrangements
The banking arrangements of the company operate on a pooled basis with certain of its subsidiary undertakings. Under these 
arrangements participating companies guarantee each others’ overdrawn balances to the extent of their credit balances, which can 
be offset against balances of participating companies.

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18  Post balance sheet events
On 26 May 2011 the board of directors proposed a final dividend of 39.05 pence per share.

19  Dividends
For details of the dividends paid in the years ended 31 March 2011 and 31 March 2010 see note 14 in the group financial statements.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
122

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Five year summary

Continuing operations
Turnover
Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items
Net exceptional items
Net interest payable before (losses)/gains on financial 
instruments
(Losses)/gains on financial instruments
Results of associates and joint ventures

Profit on ordinary activities before taxation
Current taxation on profit on ordinary activities
Deferred taxation

Profit on ordinary activities after taxation
Discontinued

Profit for the period

Net assets employed
Fixed assets
Other net liabilities excluding net debt, retirement benefit 
obligation and provisions
Derivative financial instruments1
Retirement benefit obligation
Provisions for liabilities and charges and deferred tax
Net assets held for sale

Financed by
Called up share capital
Reserves

Total shareholders’ funds
Non-controlling interests
Net debt2

Statistics
Earnings per share (continuing) - pence
Adjusted earnings per share - pence
Dividends per share (excluding special dividend) - pence
Dividend cover (before exceptional items and deferred tax)
Gearing
Ordinary share price at 31 March - pence
Average number of employees
- Severn Trent Water

- Other

1 Excludes hedging instruments

2 Includes hedging instruments

2011

£m
1,711.3
519.1
(21.4)

(230.6)
(14.2)
0.1

253.0
(32.1)
53.6

274.5
–

274.5

2010
(restated)
£m
1,703.9
557.1
(49.7)

(218.8)
45.7
0.1

334.4
(40.7)
(42.2)

251.5
1.0

252.5

2009

2008

2007

£m
1,642.2
469.9
(18.9)

£m
1,552.4
469.5
(68.8)

£m
1,480.2
405.3
24.7

(196.4)
(87.0)
–

167.6
(52.1)
(171.5)

(56.0)
–

(56.0)

(177.4)
(31.0)
0.1

192.4
(56.2)
74.4

210.6
0.8

211.4

(153.8)
48.8
0.5

325.5
(58.5)
(18.4)

248.6
20.0

268.6

6,635.3

6,516.1

6,169.9

5,892.9

5,675.5

(320.4)
(90.5)
(292.1)
(957.4)
–

(317.2)
(125.3)
(354.9)
(1,010.3)
–

(287.2)
(153.9)
(233.0)
(988.0)
4.2

(217.3)
(26.1)
(165.6)
(885.5)
–

(242.9)
(41.6)
(135.1)
(930.0)
–

4,974.9

4,708.4

4,512.0

4,598.4

4,325.9

232.2
867.6

1,099.8
6.3
3,868.8

231.6
709.1

940.7
6.3
3,761.4

231.0
715.1

946.1
6.0
3,559.9

229.7
971.3

1,201.0
4.2
3,393.2

228.3
905.9

1,134.2
3.1
3,188.6

4,974.9

4,708.4

4,512.0

4,598.4

4,325.9

115.2
105.6
65.1
1.6
77.8%
1,446.0

105.6
122.8
72.3
1.7
79.9%
1,195.0

(24.6)
92.7
67.3
1.4
78.9%
990.0

89.3
97.8
65.6
1.5
74.0%
1,419.0

106.1
82.4
61.5
1.3
73.3%
1,434.0

5,236.6

5,685.8

5,624.0

5,569.0

5,289.0

3,044.9

3,101.7

3,144.0

2,814.0

7,172.0

The prior year figures have been restated to reflect the impact of IFRIC 18, which is described in note 3.

Gearing has been calculated as net debt divided by the sum of equity and net debt.

Severn Trent Water – 
Delivering against our KPIs

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

123

2009/10  
Performance

2010/11  
performance

2010/11  
quartile

At a glance

0.37

74%

210

5.73

90%

23.85

0.07

97.5%

4%

7.4%

33.8

519.0

378

0.103

1.69%

94.4%

706

497

Upper

Lower

Upper

Upper

Median

Lower

Upper

Upper

Upper

N/A

Median

N/A

N/A

N/A

Median

Upper

Lower

Lower

Upper

N/A

N/A

Basis

KPI

MAT

Lost time incidents per 100,000 hrs worked 1

QR

Employee motivation % 2

MAT

Water quality (test failure rate) ppm

MAT

Customer written complaints per 1,000 properties 3,4

MAT

First time call resolution for billing % 5

MAT

Unplanned interruptions > 6 hrs per 1,000 properties 3

NPR

Properties at risk of low pressure per 1,000 properties 3

MAT

First time job resolution % 5

QR

Non-performance against Regulatory Obligations % 5

AMP

Capex (Gross) vs Final Determination % 6,14

ACT

Debtor days 7

ACT

Opex - £m 6,7

MAT

Pollution incidents (cat 1, 2 & 3)8,9

0.36

74%

131

4.95

89%

10.09

0.12

96.5%

5%

6.1%

32.6

492.4

322

MAT

Sewer flooding incidents – other causes per 1,000 properties 3,13

0.131

ACT

Sewage Treatment Works – failing consent limit % 9,10

ACT

Supply availability % 11

MAT

Net Energy Use – GWh 5, 12

MLE

Leakage MI/d 3,6

1.80%

91.9%

714

497

Key

  Improved quartile

  Maintained quartile

  Declined quartile

Notes 

Benchmarks updated in September.

MAT  =  Moving Annual Total
QR  =  Quarterly Review
NPR  =  Number of Properties on Register
AMP  =  Asset Management Plan 5 to date
PPS  =  Percentage of Population Served
MLE  =  Maximum Likelihood Estimate
ACT  =  Year end Actual

1.  Actual performance across all employees and 

agency staff.

2.  Performance based on annual survey of all 
employees (2009/10 based on a sample of  
10% of STW’s employees).

3.  As reported in June Return to Ofwat. Performance 
figures are provisional at this stage as the June 
Return will be submitted to Ofwat on 10 June 2011.

4.  Performance excludes properties billed by other 

water companies.

5.  Actual performance based partially or wholly  

on internal data.

6.  As this is the first year of AMP5, benchmark data  

is unavailable until September 2011.

7.  Actual performance based on audited UK  

GAAP financial statements for the year ended  
31 March 2011.

8.  Metrics of this KPI changed from pollution incidents 

per 1,000 properties to number of pollution 
incidents. Prior year performance has been 
restated accordingly.

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9.  Measure for calendar year to 31 December 2010.
10. Metrics of this KPI changed to align with 

Environment Agency approach. Prior year 
performance has been restated accordingly.

11. Metrics of this KPI changed from security of supply 
to supply availability. Prior year performance has 
been restated accordingly. The KPI measures how 
much of our designed capacity is available taking 
into account known restrictions and works outages.  
There were no supply failures resulting from works 
restrictions during the year.

12. Metrics of this KPI changed from KWh/Ml to GWh. 

Prior year performance has been restated 
accordingly.

13. Excludes minor escape of sewage.
14. Percentage outperformance against the  

Final Determination.

 
 
124

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

Information for shareholders

Electronic communications and our website
Under the Articles of Association, the company is authorised to 
communicate with shareholders either via the Severn Trent Plc 
website or by post. The company last wrote to shareholders in 
April 2008 asking that they choose to either:

•  provide an email address to receive notifications when 

shareholder documentation is made available on the website; or
•  continue to receive shareholder documentation in hard copy by 

returning the personalised reply card. 

If the completed card was not returned then, in accordance with 
the Companies Act 2006, shareholders were deemed to have 
agreed to receive shareholder documentation via the website. 
These shareholders, and those who have positively elected for 
website communication, will receive, immediately prior to the 
publication date, notification whenever shareholder documents 
are available to view on the website at www.severntrent.com

Shareholders may receive electronic communications either:

•  via email – this option is available though Shareview. 

Shareholders will receive an email notification when a new 
document is made available; or

•  via our website – shareholders will receive a notification by 

post when a new document is made available.

The electronic arrangements enable shareholders to access 
information immediately as it becomes available. By using 
electronic communications the company is also able to both 
reduce its impact on the environment from reducing the use of 
paper and the energy required for publication and distribution, 
and benefit from savings associated with reduced printing and 
mailing costs.

Shareholders who register to receive shareholder documentation 
from Severn Trent Plc electronically can:

•  view the Annual Report and Accounts on the day it  

is published;

•  receive an email alert when shareholder documents  

are available;

•  cast their AGM vote electronically; and
•  manage their shareholding quickly and securely online, 

through Shareview.

Shareholders who receive such a notification are entitled to 
request a hard copy of the document and may also change the 
way they receive communications, at any time, by contacting 
Equiniti. Visit www.shareview.co.uk for more information and to 
register for electronic shareholder communications.

We will periodically consult with shareholders to check how they 
wish to receive information from us and a shareholder is taken to 
have agreed to website communications if a response has not 
been received.

Notwithstanding any election, the company may, at its sole and 
absolute discretion, send any notification or information to 
shareholders in hard copy form.

Corporate website
Our website provides company news and information, together 
with links to our operational businesses’ websites. The Investor 
Centre on the website contains up to date information for 
shareholders including:

•  comprehensive share price information;
•  financial results;
•  a history of dividend payment dates and amounts; and
•  access to current and historical shareholder documents such 

as the Annual Report and Accounts.

Severn Trent shareholder helpline
The company’s registrar is Equiniti Limited. Equiniti’s main 
responsibilities include maintaining the shareholder register  
and making dividend payments. 

If you have any queries on the following matters you should 
contact Equiniti:

•  transfer of shares;
•  change of name or address;
•  lost share certificate;
•  lost or out of date dividend cheques and other  

dividend queries; 

•  death of the registered holder of shares; or
•  any other query relating to your Severn Trent shareholding.

Registrar contact details:

Telephone: 0871 384 2967*
Overseas enquiries: +44 121 415 7044
Text phone: 0871 384 2255*
By post: Equiniti, Aspect House, Spencer Road, Lancing, West 
Sussex, BN99 6DA
Email: severntrent@equiniti.com

Dividend payments directly into bank accounts
Dividends can be paid automatically into your bank or building 
society account. This service has a number of benefits:

•  no risk of the dividend cheque being lost in the post;
•  the dividend payment is cleared more quickly as the cash is 

paid directly into the account on the payment date without the 
need to pay in the cheque and wait for it to clear; and

•  since the 2009/10 financial year, a single consolidated tax 
voucher is issued annually in February in time for your self 
assessment tax return.

To take advantage of this service or for further details contact 
Equiniti or visit www.shareview.co.uk

Dividend reinvestment plan 
A dividend reinvestment plan was introduced in July 2009. 

The plan gives shareholders the option of using their dividend 
payments to buy more Severn Trent Plc shares instead of 
receiving cash. If you would like to participate in the plan, please 
request a dividend reinvestment plan mandate from Equiniti 
Financial Services Limited. 

Telephone: 0871 384 2268*

Lines are open from 8.30am to 5.30pm Monday to Friday. 

Telephone number from outside the UK: +44 121 415 7058

Overseas dividend payments
Shareholders in over 30 countries have the opportunity to 
receive Severn Trent dividends in their local currency. For a  
small administration fee, shareholders can have their dividends 
automatically converted from sterling and paid into their bank 
account, normally within five working days of the dividend 
payment date. Please call +44 121 415 7044 for further details.

Amalgamating different share accounts
Shareholders with more than one account, arising from 
inconsistencies in name or address details, may avoid receipt  
of duplicate mailings by asking the registrar to amalgamate  
their holdings.

*  Calls to these numbers are charged at 8 pence per minute from a BT landline. 

Other providers’ costs may vary.

www.severntrent.com

Contents

Introduction

Severn Trent Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2011

125

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Overview
1 
2 
4 
6 
8 

2011 Severn Trent group highlights
Group at a glance
Chairman’s statement
Chief Executive’s review 
Our strategy 

Business review
10  Severn Trent Water – Performance
16  Severn Trent Services – Performance
20 
Looking forward
22  Financial review

Governance
26  Directors’ report
29  Directors’ responsibility statement
30  Board of directors
32  Executive Committee
33  Chairman’s letter
39  Nominations Committee
40  Audit Committee
42  Corporate Responsibility Committee
43  Remuneration Committee
56  Risk and assurance

Group financial statements
59 
Independent auditor’s report
60  Consolidated income statement
61  Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
62  Consolidated statement of changes in equity
63  Consolidated balance sheet
64  Consolidated cash flow statement
65  Notes to the group financial statements

Independent auditor’s report 

Company financial statements
112 
113  Company balance sheet
113  Company statement of total recognised gains and losses
114  Notes to the company financial statements

Other information
122  Five year summary
123  Severn Trent Water – delivering against our KPIs
124 

Information for shareholders

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Severn Trent is a FTSE 100 
company. Our core business is 
water. We provide and treat water 
and waste water in the UK and 
internationally through our two 
complementary businesses – 
Severn Trent Water and Severn 
Trent Services.

  Find out more at our corporate website 
  www.severntrent.com

  Severn Trent Water website 
  www.stwater.co.uk

  Severn Trent Services website 
  www.severntrentservices.com

Cautionary statement
This document contains certain ‘forward looking statements’ with respect to Severn Trent’s 
financial condition, results of operations and business and certain of Severn Trent’s plans and 
objectives with respect to these items.

Forward looking statements are sometimes, but not always, identified by their use of a date in  
the future or such words as ‘anticipates’, ‘aims’, ‘due’, ‘will’, ‘could’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘expects’, 
‘believes’, ‘intends’, ‘plans’, ‘potential’, ‘reasonably possible’, ‘targets’, ‘goal’ or ‘estimates’. By their 
very nature forward looking statements are inherently unpredictable, speculative and involve  
risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur 
in the future.

There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. These factors 
include, but are not limited to, changes in the economies and markets in which the group 
operates; changes in the regulatory and competition frameworks in which the group operates; 
the impact of legal or other proceedings against or which affect the group; and changes in 
interest and exchange rates.

All written or verbal forward looking statements, made in this document or made subsequently, 
which are attributable to Severn Trent or any other member of the group or persons acting on 
their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the factors referred to above. Severn Trent 
does not intend to update these forward looking statements.

Nothing in this document should be regarded as a profits forecast.

This document is not an offer to sell, exchange or transfer any securities of Severn Trent Plc  
or any of its subsidiaries and is not soliciting an offer to purchase, exchange or transfer such 
securities in any jurisdiction. Securities may not be offered, sold or transferred in the United 
States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the 
US Securities Act of 1933 (as amended).

Severn Trent Plc
Severn Trent Plc is a public limited company listed on the  
London Stock Exchange and registered in England and Wales 
with company number 2366619. This is the Annual Report  
and Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2011.

More information on Severn Trent Plc can be found on our 
website at www.severntrent.com

Lost investors
During 2009/10 we appointed ProSearch to look for investors 
who had failed to keep their details up to date. We have unclaimed 
funds waiting to be claimed. Shareholders are reminded that if 
they move house they need to contact Equiniti and advise them 
of their new address.

Buying and selling shares in the UK
If you wish to buy or sell certificated Severn Trent shares, you will 
need to use a stockbroker or high street bank which trades on the 
London Stock Exchange. There are also many telephone and 
online services available to you. If you are selling, you will need to 
present your share certificate at the time of sale. Details of low 
cost dealing services may be obtained from www.shareview.co.uk 
or 0845 603 7037.

Share price information
Shareholders can find share price information on our website 
and in most national newspapers. Ceefax, where available, also 
displays share prices that are updated regularly throughout the 
trading day. For a real-time buying or selling price, you should 
contact a stockbroker.

Gifting your shares
To transfer your shares to another member of your family as a gift, 
please request a gift transfer form from Equiniti. The completed 
transfer form together with the relevant share certificate(s) should 
be returned to Equiniti to record the change in ownership.

If you have a small number of shares and would like to donate 
them to charity, please ask Equiniti for a ShareGift (charity 
donation scheme) transfer form. ShareGift (registered charity No. 
1052686) is an independent charity which provides a free service 
for shareholders wishing to dispose charitably of small numbers 
of shares, which would cost more to sell than they are worth. 
Further information is also available on the ShareGift website at 
www.sharegift.org or by telephoning 020 7337 0501.

Shareholder security
Many companies have become aware that their shareholders have 
received unsolicited phone calls or correspondence concerning 
investment matters. These are typically from overseas based 
‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders, offering to sell them what 
often turn out to be worthless or high risk shares in US or UK 
investments. These operations are commonly known as ‘boiler 
rooms’. These ‘brokers’ can be very persistent and extremely 
persuasive and the number of instances of this type of fraud has 
increased dramatically in recent years. A 2006 survey by the 
Financial Services Authority (FSA) has reported that the average 
amount lost by investors is around £20,000. It is not just the novice 
investor that has been duped in this way: many of the victims had 
been successfully investing for several years.

In addition, in the current economic climate, boiler rooms are now 
targeting victims who have redundancy money or those who are 
not experienced investors, and are asking for smaller sums of 
money to be invested.

If you receive any unsolicited investment advice: 

•  ensure you get the full name of the person and organisation; 
•  check that they are properly authorised by the FSA before 

getting involved by visiting www.fsa.gov.uk/register

•  report the matter to the FSA either by calling 0300 500 5000  

or visiting www.moneymadeclear.fsa.gov.uk; and 

•  if the calls persist, hang up.

Please be aware that if you deal with an unauthorised firm, you 
will not be eligible to receive payment under the Financial 
Services Compensation Scheme. The FSA can be contacted by 

completing an online form at www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/doing/
regulated/law alerts/overseas.shtml

Shareholders are advised to be very wary of any unsolicited 
advice, offers to buy shares at a discount or offers of free 
company reports. Details of any share dealing facilities that the 
company endorses will be included in company mailings or on 
our website. For more detailed information from the FSA go to 
www.moneymadeclear.fsa.gov.uk

Shareholder fraud – tips on protecting your shareholding
To reduce the risk of fraud happening to you please consider the 
following:

•  ensure all your share certificates and dividend tax vouchers 
are kept in a safe place, or consider holding your shares 
electronically in CREST via a nominee;

•  keep all correspondence from the registrar in a safe place. 
Destroy all correspondence showing your personal details  
(e.g. shareholder reference number) by shredding;

•  if you change your address inform the registrar. If you receive  
a letter from the registrar regarding a change of address and 
have not recently moved house, please contact them 
immediately. You may be a victim of identity theft; and

•  know when dividends are paid. Consider having your dividend 

paid directly into your bank or building society account, reducing 
the risk of cheques being intercepted or lost in the post. If you 
change your bank or building society account, inform the 
registrar of the details of your new account immediately. 
Respond to any letters the registrar sends you about this.

If you have any reason to believe that you may have been the 
target of a fraud, or attempted fraud, please contact the registrar 
immediately.

Unsolicited mail
The company is legally obliged to make its share register 
available to the general public. Consequently some shareholders 
may receive unsolicited mail. If you wish to limit the amount of 
unsolicited mail you receive please contact:

The Mailing Preference Service (MPS),  
Freepost 29 LON20771, London W1E 0ZT

Alternatively, register online at www.mpsonline.org.uk or call the 
MPS Registration line on 0845 703 4599.

Share capital history
Information on the company’s share capital history, including the 
share capital reorganisation in August 1997 and the demerger of 
Biffa Plc, return of capital by payment of a special dividend and 
share consolidation in October 2006, is available from the 
Investor Centre pages on our website.

Designed and produced by Salterbaxter

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This report was printed by Pureprint Group using their pureprint® and alcofree® 
environmental print technology. All the electricity used in the production of this report 
was generated from renewable sources and vegetable based inks were used 
throughout. Pureprint Group is a CarbonNeutral® company and registered to the 
Environmental Management System, ISO 14001 and EMAS, the Eco Management 
and Audit Scheme. It is printed on Cocoon 100 Uncoated, a recycled paper containing 
100% post consumer waste which is manufactured to ISO 14001 standard.

 
 
 
 
Sustainable growth
Annual Report and Accounts 2011

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Severn Trent Plc
Registered office:
Severn Trent Centre
2 St John’s Street
Coventry
CV1 2LZ 
Tel: 02477 715000
www.severntrent.com 

Registered number: 2366619