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SLM

slm · NYSE Financial Services
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Ticker slm
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Industry Financial - Credit Services
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2015 Annual Report · SLM
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549 

Form 10-K 

(Mark One) 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 

or 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from                  to                  

Commission file numbers 001-13251 

SLM Corporation 

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) 

Delaware
(State of Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)

300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

52-2013874
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

19713
(Zip Code)

(302) 451-0200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act 
Common Stock, par value $.20 per share. 
Name of Exchange on which Listed: 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market 
6.97% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $.20 per share 
Name of Exchange on which Listed: 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market 
Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B, par value $.20 per share 
Name of Exchange on which Listed: 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 
None. 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  

        No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  

        No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during 

the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the 
past 90 days.    Yes  

        No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and 
post such files).    Yes  

        No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of 

registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the 

definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer   

Non-accelerated filer     

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Accelerated filer  

Smaller reporting company  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  

         No  

The aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2015 was $4.2 billion (based on closing sale price of $9.87 per 

share as reported for the NASDAQ Global Select Market).

As of January 31, 2016, there were 426,316,005 shares of common stock outstanding. 

Portions of the proxy statement relating to the Registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Form 10-K. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Available Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART I

Item 1.

Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 2.
Item 3.

Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 6.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. . . . .

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 8.

Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . .

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 9B. Other Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 11. Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder

Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page
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83

 
 
FORWARD-LOOKING AND CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Sallie Mae,” “SLM” and the “Company” refer 

to SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries, except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains "forward-looking" statements and information based on management’s 

current expectations as of the date of this report. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the 
Company’s beliefs, opinions or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-
looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause 
actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among 
others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and 
subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; 
increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards and the impact of 
related changes in significant accounting estimates; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which the Company is 
a party; credit risk associated with the Company’s exposure to third-parties, including counterparties to the Company’s 
derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of education loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes 
resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). The Company could also be affected by, among other things: 
changes in its funding costs and availability; reductions to its credit ratings; failures or breaches of its operating systems or 
infrastructure, including those of third-party vendors; damage to its reputation; failures to successfully implement cost-cutting 
and restructuring initiatives and adverse effects of such initiatives on the Company’s business; risks associated with 
restructuring initiatives; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational 
institutions, students and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and 
financial institutions generally; changes in banking rules and regulations, including increased capital requirements; increased 
competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of the Company’s customers; changes in the general 
interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of the 
Company’s earning assets versus the Company’s funding arrangements; rates of prepayment on the loans that the Company 
makes; changes in general economic conditions and the Company’s ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions; and other 
strategic initiatives. The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make 
certain estimates and assumptions, including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions 
may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are qualified by these 
cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this report. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update 
or revise these forward-looking statements to conform such statements to actual results or changes in its expectations. 

The financial information contained herein and in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, statements of 

income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015, presents 
information on our business as configured after the Spin-Off, as hereafter defined. For more information regarding the basis of 
presentation of these statements, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies — 
Basis of Presentation.”

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our website address is www.salliemae.com. Copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 
10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports, and any significant investor presentations, 
are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or 
furnished to, the SEC. In addition, copies of our Board Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct (which includes the 
code of ethics applicable to our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) and 
the governing charters for each committee of our Board of Directors are available free of charge on our website, as well as in 
print to any stockholder upon request. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers from our Code of Business Conduct 
(to the extent applicable to our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer or Principal Accounting Officer) by 
posting such information on our website. Information contained or referenced on our website is not incorporated by reference 
into and does not form a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2

 
Item 1. Business 

Company History

PART I.

SLM Corporation, more commonly known as Sallie Mae, is the nation’s leading saving, planning and paying for 
education company. For 43 years, we have made a difference in students’ and families’ lives, helping more than 34 million 
Americans pay for college. We recognize there is no single way to achieve this task, so we provide a range of products to help 
families, whether college is a long way off or right around the corner. We promote responsible financial habits that help our 
customers dream, invest and succeed.

Our primary business is to originate and service Private Education Loans we make to students and their families. We use 

“Private Education Loans” to mean education loans to students or their families that are not made, insured or guaranteed by any 
state or federal government. We also operate a consumer savings network that provides financial rewards on everyday 
purchases to help families save for college.

We were formed in 1972 as the Student Loan Marketing Association, a federally chartered government sponsored 

enterprise (“GSE”), with the goal of furthering access to higher education by providing liquidity to the education loan 
marketplace. Under privatization legislation passed in 1997, we incorporated SLM Corporation as a Delaware corporation with 
the GSE as a subsidiary and on December 29, 2004, we terminated the federal charter and dissolved the GSE. 

On April 30, 2014, we completed our plan to legally separate (the “Spin-Off”) into two distinct publicly traded entities: an 

education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business, named Navient Corporation (“Navient”); and a consumer 
banking business, named SLM Corporation. We sometimes refer to the SLM Corporation that existed prior to the Spin-Off as 
“pre-Spin-Off SLM” herein.

Our principal executive offices are located at 300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware 19713, and our telephone number 

is (302) 451-0200.

Our Business 

Our primary business is to originate and service Private Education Loans. In 2015, we originated $4.3 billion of Private 

Education Loans, an increase of 6 percent from the year ended December 31, 2014.  As of December 31, 2015, we had 
$10.5 billion of Private Education Loans outstanding. 

Private Education Loans

The Private Education Loans we make to students and families are primarily to bridge the gap between the cost of higher 

education and the amount funded through financial aid, federal loans and customers’ resources. We also extend Private 
Education Loans as an alternative to similar federal education loan products where we believe our rates are competitive. We 
earn interest income on our Private Education Loan portfolio, net of provision for loan losses. 

In 2009, we introduced the Smart Option Student Loan, our Private Education Loan product emphasizing in-school 

payment features that can produce shorter terms to minimize customers’ total finance charges. Customers elect one of three 
Smart Option repayment types at the time of loan origination. The first two, Interest Only and Fixed Payment options, require 
monthly payments while the student is in school and for six months thereafter, and accounted for approximately 56 percent of 
the Private Education Loans Sallie Mae Bank originated during 2015. The third repayment option is the more traditional 
deferred Private Education Loan product where customers are not required to make payments while the student is in school and 
for a six-month grace period after separation. Lower interest rates on the Interest Only and Fixed Payment options incentivize 
customers to elect those options. Having borrowers make payments while in school helps reduce the total loan cost compared 
with the traditional deferred loan, and also helps borrowers become accustomed to making on-time regular loan payments. 

We regularly review and update the terms of our Private Education Loan products. Our Private Education Loans include 

important protections for the family, including loan forgiveness in case of death or permanent disability of the student borrower 
and a free, quarterly FICO Score benefit to students with a Smart Option Student Loan disbursed since academic year 
2014-2015.

3

Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of the customers. We manage this risk by underwriting and pricing based 

on customized credit scoring criteria and the addition of qualified cosigners. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our 
average FICO scores were 748 at the time of origination and approximately 90 percent of our loans were cosigned. In addition, 
we voluntarily require school certification of both the need for, and the amount of, every Private Education Loan we originate, 
and we disburse the loans directly to the higher education institution.

The core of our marketing strategy is to promote our products on campuses through financial aid offices as well as 

through online and direct marketing to students and their families. Our on-campus efforts with 2,400 higher education 
institutions are led by our sales force, the largest in the industry, which has become a trusted resource for financial aid offices.  

Our loans are high credit quality and the overwhelming majority of our borrowers manage their payments with great 

success. At December 31, 2015, 2.2 percent of loans in repayment were delinquent, and loans in forbearance were 3.4 percent 
of loans in repayment and forbearance. In 2015, 0.82 percent of total loans in repayment charged off. Loans in repayment 
include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal 
and interest repayment status.

Sallie Mae Bank

Since 2006, virtually all of the Private Education Loans we currently own or service have been originated and funded by 

Sallie Mae Bank (the “Bank”), our Utah industrial bank subsidiary, which is regulated by the Utah Department of Financial 
Institutions (“UDFI”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 
(“CFPB”). At December 31, 2015, the Bank had total assets of $15.0 billion, including $10.5 billion in Private Education Loans 
and $1.1 billion of FFELP Loans, and total deposits of $12.0 billion. 

Our ability to obtain deposit funding and offer competitive interest rates on deposits will be necessary to sustain the 
growth of our Private Education Loan originations. Our ability to obtain such funding is dependent, in part, on the capital level 
of the Bank and its compliance with other applicable regulatory requirements. At the time of this filing, there are no restrictions 
on our ability to obtain deposit funding or the interest rates we charge other than those restrictions generally applicable to all 
FDIC-insured banks of similar size. We diversify our funding base by raising term funding in the long-term asset-backed 
securities (“ABS”) market collateralized by pools of Private Education Loans. We plan to continue to do so, market conditions 
permitting. This helps us reduce our reliance on deposits to fund our growth, and match-fund our assets. 

We expect the Bank to retain servicing of all Private Education Loans it originates, regardless of whether the loans are 
held, sold or securitized. If Private Education Loans are sold and servicing is retained, the Bank receives ongoing servicing 
revenue for those loans in addition to the gain on sale recognized on the sale of those assets.

See the subsection titled “Regulation of Sallie Mae Bank” under “Supervision and Regulation” for additional details 

about Sallie Mae Bank.

Operational Infrastructure 

In April 2014, we began to perform collection activity on our portfolio of Private Education Loans. In October 2014, we 

launched our stand-alone servicing platform and began servicing our portfolio of Private Education Loans. Since early 2015, all 
servicing and collections activities have been conducted in the United States. 

Our servicing operation includes resources dedicated to assist customers with specialized needs and escalated inquiries. 

We also have a group of customer service representatives dedicated to assisting military personnel with available military 
benefits. 

In 2015, we completed the build-out of our operational infrastructure to independently originate Private Education Loans. 

This included the implementation of a new loan originations platform.

4

Upromise by Sallie Mae

Upromise by Sallie Mae is a save-for-college rewards program helping Americans save for higher education. Membership 
is free and each year approximately 400,000 consumers enroll to use the service. Members earn money for college by receiving 
cash back rewards when shopping at participating on-line or brick-and-mortar retailers, booking travel, dining out at 
participating restaurants, and by using their Upromise MasterCard. As of December 31, 2015, more than 850 merchants 
participated by providing discounts passed on to members in the form of cash back rewards. Since inception, Upromise 
members have received approximately $1 billion for college, and more than 390,000 members actively use the Upromise credit 
card for everyday purchases. 

Our Approach to Advising Students and Families How to Pay for College 

Our annual research on How America Pays for College1 confirms students and their families cover the cost of college 

using multiple sources. According to this research, just 40 percent of families have a plan to pay for college. Sallie Mae offers 
free online financial literacy resources, including interactive tools and content, at SallieMae.com/Plan-for-College, to help 
families construct a comprehensive financial strategy to save and pay for college. Plan for College features the College 
Planning Calculator, which facilitates families setting college savings goals, projecting the full cost of a college degree, and 
estimating future student loan payments and the annual starting salary level needed to keep payments manageable. In addition, 
Sallie Mae offers a free mobile application, College Ahead, that engages high school juniors and seniors in a step-by-step 
journey to college.  

To encourage responsible borrowing, Sallie Mae advises students and families to follow a three-step approach to paying 

for college:

Step 1: Use scholarships, grants, savings and income. 

We provide access to an extensive free online scholarship database, which includes information about more than 5 million 

scholarships with an aggregate value in excess of $24 billion. 

Through the Bank, we offer traditional savings products, such as high-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, 

and certificates of deposit (“CDs”). 

In addition, our Upromise by Sallie Mae save-for-college rewards program helps families jumpstart their save-for-college 

plans by providing financial rewards on everyday purchases made at participating merchants. 

Step 2: Explore federal government loan options. 

We encourage students to explore federal government loan options, including Perkins loans, Direct loans and PLUS 

loans. Students apply for federal student aid, including federal student loans, by completing the Free Application for Federal 
Student Aid. 

Step 3: Consider affordable Private Education Loans to fill the gap. 

We offer competitively priced Private Education Loan products to bridge the gap between family resources, federal loans, 

grants, student aid and scholarships, and the cost of a college education. 

____________________
 1 Sallie Mae’s How America Pays for College 2015, conducted by Ipsos, www.salliemae.com/howamericapays.

5

Our Approach to Assisting Students and Families Borrowing and Repaying Private Education Loans

To ensure applicants borrow only what they need to cover their school’s cost of attendance, we actively engage with 
schools and require school certification before we disburse a Private Education Loan. To help applicants understand their loan 
and its terms, we provide multiple, customized disclosures explaining the applicant’s starting interest rate, the interest rate 
during the life of the loan and the loan’s total cost under the available repayment options. Our Smart Option Student Loan 
features no origination fees and no prepayment penalties, provides rewards for paying on time, offers a choice of repayment 
options, and a choice of either variable or fixed interest rates.

The majority of our Smart Option Student Loan borrowers elect an in-school repayment option. By making in-school 
payments, customers learn to establish good repayment patterns, reduce the total loan cost, and graduate with less debt. We 
send monthly communications to customers while they are in school, even if they have no monthly payments scheduled, to 
keep them informed and encourage them to reduce the amount they will owe when they leave school.

Some customers transitioning from school to the work force may require more time before they are financially capable of 

making full payments of principal and interest. Sallie Mae created a Graduated Repayment Program to assist new graduates 
with additional payment flexibility, allowing customers to elect to make interest-only payments instead of full principal and 
interest payments during the first year after their six-month grace period.

Our experience has taught us the successful transition from school to full principal and interest repayment status involves 

making and carrying out a financial plan. As customers approach the principal and interest repayment period on their loans, 
Sallie Mae engages with them and communicates what to expect during the transition. In addition, an informational section of 
SallieMae.com, Managing Your Loans, provides educational content for borrowers on how to organize loans, set up a monthly 
budget, and understand repayment obligations. Examples are provided that help explain how payments are applied and 
allocated, and help site visitors estimate payments and see how the accrued interest on alternative repayment programs could 
affect the cost of their loans. The site also provides important information on special benefits available to service men and 
women under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act.

After graduation, a customer may apply for the cosigner to be released from the loan. This option is available once there 

have been 12 consecutive, on-time principal and interest payments and the student borrower adequately meets our credit 
requirements. In the event of a cosigner’s death, the student borrower automatically continues as the sole individual on the loan 
with the same terms.

During repayment, customers may struggle to meet their financial obligations. If a customer’s account becomes 
delinquent, we will work with the customer and/or the cosigner to understand their ability to make ongoing payments. If the 
customer is in financial hardship, we work with the customer and/or cosigner to understand their financial circumstances and 
identify any available alternative arrangements designed to reduce monthly payment obligations. These can include extended 
repayment schedules, temporary interest rate reductions and, if appropriate, short-term hardship forbearance, suited to their 
individual circumstances and ability to make payments.

In some cases, loan modifications and other efforts may be insufficient for those experiencing extreme long term 
hardship. Sallie Mae has long supported bankruptcy reform that (i) would permit the discharge of education loans, both private 
and federal, after a required period of good faith attempts to repay and (ii) is prospective in application, so as not to rewrite 
existing contracts. Any reform should recognize education loans have unique characteristics and benefits as compared to other 
consumer loan classes.

Key Drivers of Private Education Loan Market Growth 

The size of the Private Education Loan market is based primarily on three factors: college enrollment levels, the costs of 

attending college and the availability of funds from the federal government to pay for a college education. The amounts 
students and their families can contribute toward college costs and the availability of scholarships and institutional grants are 
also important. If the cost of education increases at a pace exceeding the sum of family income, savings, federal lending, and 
scholarships, more students and families can be expected to rely on Private Education Loans. If enrollment levels or college 
costs decline or the availability of federal education loans, grants or subsidies and scholarships significantly increases, Private 
Education Loan originations could decrease. 

6

We focus primarily on borrowers attending public and private not-for-profit four-year degree granting institutions. We 

lend to some borrowers attending two-year and for-profit schools. Due to the low cost of two-year programs, federal grant and 
loan programs are typically sufficient for funding needs of these students. The for-profit industry has been the subject of 
increased scrutiny and regulation over the last several years. Since 2007, we have reduced the number of for-profit institutions 
included in our lending program. Approximately 10 percent or $430 million of our 2015 Private Education Loan originations 
were for students attending for-profit institutions. The for-profit institutions where we continue to do business are focused on 
career training. We expect students who attend and complete programs at for-profit schools to support the same repayment 
performance as students who attend and graduate from public and private not-for-profit four-year degree granting institutions. 

Our competitors1 in the Private Education Loan market include large banks such as Wells Fargo Bank NA, Discover 

Bank, Citizens Financial Group, Inc. and PNC Bank NA, as well as a number of smaller specialty finance companies. 

Enrollment

We expect modest enrollment growth over the next several years. 

•  Enrollments at public and private not-for-profit four-year institutions increased by approximately 9 percent from 
academic years (“AYs”) 2004-2005 through 2007-2008. Enrollment increased especially during the recession of 
2007-2009, which created high unemployment. Enrollment has been stable post-recession. 

        Enrollment at Four-Year Degree Granting Institutions2

          (in millions)

•  According to the U.S. Department of Education’s projections released in February 2014, the high school graduate 

population is projected to remain relatively flat from 2015 to 2022.2  

_________________________
1Source: MeasureOne Q3 2015 Private Student Loan Report, December 2015. www.measureone.com.
2Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics to 2022 (NCES, February 
2014), Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions (NCES, December 2013), Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions (NCES, October 2014) 
and Enrollment and Employees in Postsecondary Institutions (NCES, November 2015).

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
Tuition Rates

•  Average published tuition and fees (exclusive of room and board) at four-year public and private not-for-profit 
institutions increased at compound annual growth rates of 5.5 percent and 4.4 percent, respectively, from AYs 
2005-2006 through 2015-2016. Growth rates have been more modest the last two AYs, with average published tuition 
and fees at public and private four-year not-for-profit institutions increasing 2.9 percent and 3.8 percent, respectively, 
between AYs 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 and 2.9 percent and 3.6 percent, respectively, between AYs 2014-2015 and 
2015-2016.3 Tuition and fees are likely to continue to grow at the more modest rates of recent years.

Published Tuition and Fees3
       (Dollars in actuals)

______
3  Source: The College Board-Trends in College Pricing 2015. © 2015 The College Board. 
www.collegeboard.org. The College Board restates its data annually, which may cause 
previously reported results to vary.

Sources of Funding

•  Borrowing through federal education loan programs increased at a compound annual growth rate of 10 percent 
between AYs 2004-2005 and 2011-2012.6 Federal borrowing increased considerably during the recession, with 
borrowing increasing 26 percent between AYs 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 alone. A major driver of this activity was the 
Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005, which in AY 2007-2008 raised annual Stafford loan limits for the first 
time since 1992 and expanded federal lending with the introduction of the Graduate PLUS loan. In response to the 
financial crisis in AY 2008-2009, The Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008 raised unsubsidized 
Stafford loan limits for undergraduate students again by $2,000.4 Federal education loan program borrowing peaked in 
AY 2011-2012. Since then it declined by 4 percent in AY 2012-2013, 1 percent in AY 2013-2014, and another 5 
percent in AY 2014-2015. We believe these declines are principally driven by enrollment declines in the for-profit 
schools sector.4 Between AYs 2004-2005 and 2014-2015, federal grants increased 164 percent to $46.2 billion.5 

_________________________
4 Source:  FinAid, History of Student Financial Aid and Historical Loan Limits. © 2014 by FinAid. www.FinAid.org.
5 Source: The College Board-Trends in Student Aid 2015. © 2015 The College Board. www.collegeboard.org.

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
•  These increases in federal lending for higher education had a significant impact on the market for Private Education 

Loans. Annual originations of Private Education Loans peaked at $21.1 billion in AY 2007-2008 and declined to $6.0 
billion in AY 2010-2011. Contributing to the decline in Private Education Loan originations was a significant 
tightening of underwriting standards by Private Education Loan providers, including Sallie Mae. Private Education 
Loan originations increased to an estimated $9.0 billion in AY 2014-2015, up 7.0 percent over the previous year.6

_______
6  Source: The College Board-Trends in Student Aid 2015. © 2015 The College Board. www.collegeboard.org. Funding 
sources in current dollars and includes Federal Grants, Federal Loans, Education Tax Benefits, Work Study, State, 
Institutional and Private Grants and Non-Federal Loans. Other sources for the size of the Private Education Loan 
market exist and may cite the size of the market differently. We believe the College Board source (a) includes Private 
Education Loans made by major financial institutions in the Private Education Loan market, with an unknown 
adjustment for Private Education Loans made by smaller lenders such as credit unions, and (b) may include 
consolidation loans made by the major financial institutions. The College Board restates its data annually, which may 
cause previously reported results to vary.

9

 
                        
•  We estimate total spending on higher education was $412 billion in the AY 2014-2015, up from $336 billion in the AY 
2009-2010. Private Education Loans represent just 2 percent of total spending on higher education. Modest growth in 
total spending can lead to meaningful increases in Private Education Loans in the absence of growth in other sources 
of funding.7

•  Over the AY 2009-2015 period, increases in total spending have been born primarily through increased family 

contributions. If household finances continue to improve, we would expect this trend continue. 

_________________________         

7 Source: Total post-secondary education spending is estimated by Sallie Mae determining the full-time equivalents for both graduates and
undergraduates and multiplying by the estimated total per person cost of attendance for each school type. In doing so, we utilize information from the
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Projections of Education Statistics to 2022 (NCES 2014-, February 2014),
The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), College Board -Trends in Student Aid 2015. © 2015 The College Board.
www.collegeboard.org, College Board -Trends in Student Pricing 2015. © 2015 The College Board. www.collegeboard.org, National Student
Clearinghouse - Term Enrollment Estimates, and Company analysis. Other sources for these data points also exist publicly and may vary from our
computed estimates. NCES, IPEDS, and College Board restate their data annually, which may cause previously reported results to vary. We have also
recalculated figures in our Company analysis to standardize all costs of attendance to dollars not adjusted for inflation. This has a minimal impact on
historically-stated numbers.

10

             
Supervision and Regulation 

Overview

We are subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by various federal, state and local authorities. The 

more significant aspects of the laws and regulations that apply to us and our subsidiaries are described below. These 
descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the applicable statutes, legislation, regulations and 
policies, as they may be amended, and as interpreted and applied, by federal, state and local agencies.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was adopted to 
reform and strengthen regulation and supervision of the U.S. financial services industry. It contains comprehensive provisions 
to govern the practices and oversight of financial institutions and other participants in the financial markets. It mandates 
significant regulations, additional requirements and oversight on almost every aspect of the U.S. financial services industry, 
including increased capital and liquidity requirements, limits on leverage and enhanced supervisory authority. It requires the 
issuance of many regulations, which will take effect over several years, making it difficult to anticipate the overall impact to us, 
our affiliates, including the Bank, as well as our customers and the financial industry. 

Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations

Our origination, servicing, first-party collection and deposit taking activities subject us to federal and state consumer 

protection, privacy and related laws and regulations. Some of the more significant laws and regulations that are applicable to 
our business include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

various laws governing unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices; 

the federal Truth-In-Lending Act and Regulation Z issued by the CFPB, which govern disclosures of credit terms to 
consumer borrowers; 

the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation V issued by the CFPB, which govern the use and provision of 
information to consumer reporting agencies; 

the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) and Regulation B issued by the CFPB, which prohibit creditor practices 
that discriminate on the basis of race, religion and other prohibited factors in extending credit; 

the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”), which applies to all debts incurred prior to commencement of active 
military service (including education loans) and limits the amount of interest, including fees, that may be charged; 

the Truth in Savings Act and Regulation DD issued by the CFPB, which mandate certain disclosures related to 
consumer deposit accounts; 

the Expedited Funds Availability Act, Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act and Regulation CC issued by the 
Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”), which relate to the availability of deposit funds to consumers; 

the Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain the confidentiality of consumer financial records 
and prescribes procedures for complying with federal government requests for and subpoenas of financial records; 

the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E issued by the CFPB, which govern automated transfers of funds 
and consumers’ rights related thereto; 

the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, which governs communication methods that may be used to contact 
customers; and 

the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which governs the ability of financial institutions to disclose nonpublic information 
about consumers to non-affiliated third-parties. 

11

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

The Consumer Financial Protection Act, a part of the Dodd-Frank Act, established the CFPB, which has broad authority 

to promulgate regulations under federal consumer financial protection laws and to directly or indirectly enforce those laws, 
including regulatory oversight of the Private Education Loan industry, and to examine financial institutions for compliance. It is 
authorized to collect fines and order consumer restitution in the event of violations, engage in consumer financial education, 
track consumer complaints, request data and promote the availability of financial services to underserved consumers and 
communities. It has authority to prevent unfair, deceptive or abusive acts and practices by issuing regulations that define the 
same or by using its enforcement authority without first issuing regulations. The CFPB has been active in its supervision, 
examination and enforcement of financial services companies, notably bringing enforcement actions, imposing fines and 
mandating large refunds to customers of several large banking institutions. On January 1, 2015, the CFPB became the Bank’s 
primary consumer compliance supervisor with compliance examination authority and primary consumer protection 
enforcement authority. We expect the CFPB to begin its initial formal examination of us in early 2016. The UDFI and FDIC 
remain the prudential regulatory authorities with respect to the Bank’s financial strength.

The Dodd-Frank Act created the Private Education Loan Ombudsman within the CFPB to receive and attempt to 

informally resolve inquiries about Private Education Loans. The Private Education Loan Ombudsman reports to Congress 
annually on the trends and issues identified through this process. The CFPB continues to take an active interest in the student 
loan industry, undertaking a number of initiatives related to the Private Education Loan market and student loan servicing. On 
October 16, 2015, the Private Education Loan Ombudsman submitted its fourth report based on Private Education Loan 
inquiries received by the CFPB from October 1, 2014 through September 30, 2015. The CFPB has recently expressed some 
concerns with education loan servicers and indicated it may begin to consider possible rulemaking efforts for the industry in 
late 2016 or 2017.

Regulation of Sallie Mae Bank

The Bank was chartered in 2005 and is a Utah industrial bank regulated by the FDIC, the UDFI and the CFPB. We are not 

a bank holding company and therefore are not subject to the federal regulations applicable to bank holding companies. 
However, we and our non-bank subsidiaries are subject to regulation and oversight as institution-affiliated parties. The 
following discussion sets forth some of the elements of the bank regulatory framework applicable to us, the Bank and our other 
non-bank subsidiaries.

General

The Bank is currently subject to prudential regulation and examination by the FDIC and the UDFI, and consumer 
compliance regulation and examination by the CFPB. Numerous other federal and state laws and regulations govern almost all 
aspects of the operations of the Bank and, to some degree, our operations and those of our non-bank subsidiaries as institution-
affiliated parties.

Actions by Federal and State Regulators

Like all depository institutions, the Bank is regulated extensively under federal and state law. Under federal and state laws 

and regulations pertaining to the safety and soundness of insured depository institutions, the UDFI and the FDIC have the 
authority to compel or restrict certain actions of the Bank if it is determined to lack sufficient capital or other resources, or is 
otherwise operating in a manner deemed to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices. Under this authority, the 
Bank’s regulators can require it to enter into informal or formal supervisory agreements, including board resolutions, 
memoranda of understanding, written agreements and consent or cease and desist orders, pursuant to which the Bank would be 
required to take identified corrective actions to address cited concerns and refrain from taking certain actions.

12

Enforcement Powers

As “institution-affiliated parties” of the Bank, we, our non-bank subsidiaries and our management, employees, agents, 

independent contractors and consultants are subject to potential civil and criminal penalties for violations of law, regulations or 
written orders of a government agency. Violations can include failure to timely file required reports, filing false or misleading 
information or submitting inaccurate reports. Civil penalties may be as high as $1,000,000 a day for such violations and 
criminal penalties for some financial institution crimes may include imprisonment for 20 years. Regulators have flexibility to 
commence enforcement actions against institutions and institution-affiliated parties, and the FDIC has the authority to terminate 
deposit insurance. When issued by a banking agency, cease and desist and similar orders may, among other things, require 
affirmative action to correct any harm resulting from a violation or practice, including by compelling restitution, 
reimbursement, indemnifications or guarantees against loss. A financial institution may also be ordered to restrict its growth, 
dispose of certain assets, rescind agreements or contracts, or take other actions determined to be appropriate by the ordering 
agency. The federal banking regulators also may remove a director or officer from an insured depository institution (or bar them 
from the industry) if a violation is willful or reckless.

On May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of Justice (the "DOJ") regarding 
disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the SCRA. Under the Consent Order, Order to Pay 
Restitution and Order to Pay Civil Money Penalty issued by the FDIC (the "FDIC Consent Order"), the Bank agreed to pay 
$3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank 
since its inception in November 2005. Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement executed in connection 
with the Spin-Off (the "Separation and Distribution Agreement"), Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the 
regulatory orders, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with these matters. Under the consent order 
entered into with the DOJ (the "DOJ Consent Order"), Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related 
compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank. At the time of this filing, the Bank is 
continuing to implement both the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order.

As required by the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order, the Bank has implemented new SCRA policies, 
procedures and training, has updated billing statement disclosures, and is taking additional steps to ensure its third-party service 
providers are compliant with applicable laws and regulations. The FDIC Consent Order also requires the Bank’s compliance 
with consumer protection regulations and its compliance management system be audited by independent qualified audit 
personnel on an annual basis. The Bank is focused on achieving timely and comprehensive remediation of each item contained 
in the orders and further enhancing its policies and practices to promote responsible financial practices, customer experience 
and compliance.

In May 2014, the Bank received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the CFPB as part of the CFPB’s separate 

investigation relating to customer complaints, fees and charges assessed in connection with the servicing of student loans and 
related collection practices of pre-Spin-Off SLM by entities now subsidiaries of Navient during a time period prior to the Spin-
Off. Two state attorney generals have provided the Bank identical CIDs and others have become involved in the inquiry over 
time. To the extent requested, we have been cooperating fully with the CFPB and the attorney generals but are not in a position 
at this time to predict the duration or outcome of the investigation. Given the timeframe covered by this demand and the focus 
on practices and procedures previously conducted by Navient and its servicing subsidiaries, Navient is leading the response to 
this investigation and has accepted responsibility for all costs, expenses, losses or remediation that may arise from this 
investigation. 

Standards for Safety and Soundness

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”) requires the federal bank regulatory agencies such as the FDIC to 

prescribe, by regulation or guidance, operational and managerial standards for all insured depository institutions, such as the 
Bank, relating to internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate 
risk exposure, and asset quality. The agencies also must prescribe standards for asset quality, earnings, and stock valuation, as 
well as standards for compensation, fees and benefits. The federal banking regulators have implemented these required 
standards through regulations and interagency guidance designed to identify and address problems at insured depository 
institutions before capital becomes impaired. Under the regulations, if a regulator determines a bank fails to meet any 
prescribed standards, the regulator may require the bank to submit an acceptable plan to achieve compliance, consistent with 
deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.

13

Dividends

The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to 
pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and 
regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends to the Company from its net profits without regulatory 
approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no 
dividends for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank paid 
dividends of $120 million to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. For the foreseeable future, we expect the Bank to 
only pay dividends to the Company as may be necessary to provide for regularly scheduled dividends payable on the 
Company’s Series A and Series B Preferred Stock. 

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the UDFI. Failure to meet 

minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if 
undertaken, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Under the FDIC’s 
regulations implementing the Basel III capital framework (“U.S. Basel III”) and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective 
action, the Bank must meet specific capital standards that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-
balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and its classification under 
the prompt corrective action framework are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, 
risk weightings and other factors.

As of January 1, 2015, the Bank was required to comply with U.S. Basel III.  U.S. Basel III, which is aimed at increasing 

both the quantity and quality of regulatory capital, establishes Common Equity Tier 1 as a new tier of capital and modifies 
methods for calculating risk-weighted assets, among other things.  Certain aspects of U.S. Basel III, including new deductions 
from and adjustments to regulatory capital and a new capital conservation buffer, are being phased in over several years. 

The Bank is subject to the following minimum capital ratios under U.S. Basel III: a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based 

capital ratio of 4.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0 percent, and a 
Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0 percent.  In addition, the Bank is subject to a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer, 
which will be phased in over three years beginning January 1, 2016: 0.625 percent of risk-weighted assets for 2016, 1.25 
percent for 2017, and 1.875 percent for 2018, with the fully phased-in level of greater than 2.5 percent effective as of January 1, 
2019.  Failure to maintain the buffer will result in restrictions on the Bank’s ability to make capital distributions, including the 
payment of dividends, and to pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers. Including the buffer, by January 1, 2019, the Bank 
will be required to maintain the following minimum capital ratios: a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of greater 
than 7.0 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of greater than 8.5 percent and a Total risk-based capital ratio of greater than 
10.5 percent.

U.S. Basel III also revised the capital thresholds for the prompt corrective action framework for insured depository 
institutions. Effective January 1, 2015, to qualify as "well capitalized," the Bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-
based capital ratio of at least 6.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio 
of at least 10.0 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0 percent.

Stress Testing Requirements

The Dodd-Frank Act imposes stress testing requirements on banking organizations with total consolidated assets, 
averaged over the four most recent consecutive quarters, of more than $10 billion. As of September 30, 2014, the Bank met this 
asset threshold. Under the FDIC’s implementing regulations, the Bank is required to conduct annual company-run stress tests 
utilizing scenarios provided by the FDIC and publish a summary of those results. The Bank must conduct its first annual stress 
test under the rules in the January 1, 2016 stress testing cycle and submit the results of that stress test to the FDIC by July 31, 
2016. 

14

Deposit Insurance and Assessments

Deposits at the Bank are insured up to the applicable legal limits by the FDIC - administered Deposit Insurance Fund (the 

"DIF"), which is funded primarily by quarterly assessments on insured banks. An insured bank's assessment is calculated by 
multiplying its assessment rate by its assessment base. A bank's assessment base and assessment rate are determined each 
quarter. 

The Bank’s insurance assessment base currently is its average consolidated total assets minus its average tangible equity 
during the assessment period. The Bank’s assessment rate is determined by the FDIC using a number of factors, including the 
results of supervisory evaluations, the Bank’s capital ratios and its financial condition, as well as the risk posed by the Bank to 
the DIF. Assessment rates for insured banks also are subject to adjustment depending on a number of factors, including 
significant holdings of brokered deposits in certain instances and the issuance or holding of certain types of debt.

Deposits

With respect to brokered deposits, an insured depository institution must be well-capitalized in order to accept, renew or 
roll over such deposits without FDIC clearance. An adequately capitalized insured depository institution must obtain a waiver 
from the FDIC to accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits. Undercapitalized insured depository institutions generally may 
not accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits. For more information on the Bank’s deposits, see Item 7. “Management's 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Financial Measures — Funding Sources”.

Regulatory Examinations

The Bank currently undergoes regular on-site examinations by the Bank’s regulators, which examine for adherence to a 

range of legal and regulatory compliance responsibilities. A regulator conducting an examination has complete access to the 
books and records of the examined institution. The results of the examination are confidential. The cost of examinations may be 
assessed against the examined institution as the agency deems necessary or appropriate.

Source of Strength

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, we are required to serve as a source of financial strength to the Bank and to commit resources 

to support the Bank in circumstances when we might not do so absent the statutory requirement. Any loan by us to the Bank 
would be subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank.

Community Reinvestment Act

The Community Reinvestment Act requires the FDIC to evaluate the record of the Bank in meeting the credit needs of its 
local community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. These evaluations are considered in evaluating mergers, 
acquisitions and applications to open a branch or facility. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could result in additional 
requirements and limitations on the Bank.

Privacy Laws

The federal banking regulators, as required by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, have adopted regulations that limit the 
ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose nonpublic information about consumers to nonaffiliated third-parties. 
Financial institutions are required to disclose to consumers their policies for collecting and protecting confidential customer 
information. Customers generally may prevent financial institutions from sharing nonpublic personal financial information with 
nonaffiliated third-parties, with some exceptions, such as the processing of transactions requested by the consumer. Financial 
institutions generally may not disclose certain consumer or account information to any nonaffiliated third-party for use in 
telemarketing, direct mail marketing or other marketing. The privacy regulations also restrict information sharing among 
affiliates for marketing purposes and govern the use and provision of information to consumer reporting agencies. Federal and 
state banking agencies have prescribed standards for maintaining the security and confidentiality of consumer information, and 
the Bank is subject to such standards, as well as certain federal and state laws or standards for notifying consumers in the event 
of a security breach.

15

Other Sources of Regulation

Many other aspects of our businesses are subject to federal and state regulation and administrative oversight. Some of the 

most significant of these are described below.

Oversight of Derivatives

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act requires all standardized derivatives, including most interest rate swaps, to be submitted 

for clearing to central counterparties to reduce counterparty risk. As of December 31, 2015, $4.9 billion notional of our 
derivative contracts were cleared on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the London Clearing House. All derivative contracts 
cleared through an exchange require collateral to be exchanged based on the fair value of the derivative. Our exposure is limited 
to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain position net of any collateral we are holding. We have liquidity exposure 
related to collateral movements between us and our derivative counterparties. Movements in the value of the derivatives, which 
are primarily affected by changes in interest rates, may require us to return cash collateral held or may require us to access 
primary liquidity to post collateral to counterparties.

Credit Risk Retention

In October 2014, the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the 

FDIC, the SEC, the Federal Housing Finance Agency and the Department of Housing and Urban Development issued final 
rules to implement the credit risk retention requirements of Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act for ABS, including those backed 
by residential and commercial mortgages and automobile, commercial, credit card, and student loans, except for certain 
transactions with limited connections to the United States and U.S. investors. The regulations generally require securitizers of 
asset-backed securities, such as Sallie Mae, to retain at least five percent of the credit risk of the assets being securitized. The 
final rules provide reduced risk retention requirements for securitization transactions collateralized solely (excluding servicing 
assets) by FFELP loans. The regulations took effect in December 2015 for securitization transactions backed by residential 
mortgages and will take effect in December 2016 for any other securitization transaction, including those collateralized by 
Private Education Loans. Prior to December 2016, however, certain on-balance sheet securitizations (including those involving 
Private Education Loans) sponsored by an FDIC-insured institution and utilizing the FDIC "safe harbor" to reduce the risk to 
securitization investors in the event of an insolvency of the insured institution may also be subject to the credit risk retention 
requirements. 

Anti-Money Laundering, the USA PATRIOT Act, and U.S. Economic Sanctions

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”), which amended the Bank Secrecy Act, substantially broadened 

the scope of United States anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due 
diligence obligations, creating new crimes and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States. 
The U.S. Treasury Department has issued and, in some cases proposed, a number of regulations that apply various requirements 
of the USA Patriot Act to financial institutions such as the Bank. These regulations impose obligations on financial institutions 
to maintain appropriate internal policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist 
financing and to verify the identity of their customers. In addition, U.S. law generally prohibits or substantially restricts U.S. 
persons from doing business with countries designated by the U.S. Department of State as state sponsors of terrorism, which 
currently are Iran, Sudan and Syria. Under U.S. law, there are similar prohibitions or restrictions with countries subject to other 
U.S. economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control or other 
agencies. We maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with relevant U.S. laws and regulations 
applicable to U.S. persons.

Volcker Rule

In December 2013, the U.S. banking agencies, the SEC and U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission issued final 
rules to implement the “Volcker Rule” provisions of Dodd-Frank. The rules prohibit insured depository institutions and their 
affiliates (collectively, “banking entities”) from engaging in proprietary trading and from investing in, sponsoring, or having 
certain financial relationships with certain private funds.  These prohibitions are subject to a number of important exclusions 

16

and exemptions that, for example, permit banking entities to trade for risk mitigating hedging and liquidity management, 
subject to certain conditions and restrictions. A conformance period ended on July 21, 2015. We do not expect the Volcker Rule 
to have a meaningful effect on our current operations or those of our subsidiaries, as we do not materially engage in the 
businesses prohibited by the Volcker Rule. We may incur costs in connection with implementing the compliance program 
required by the Volcker Rule, but any such costs are not expected to be material.

Employees 

At December 31, 2015, we had approximately 1,200 employees, none of whom are covered by collective bargaining 

agreements. 

17

Item 1A. Risk Factors 

Economic Environment

Economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and 
liquidity.

Our business is significantly influenced by economic conditions. Economic growth in the United States remains uneven. 

Employment levels in the United States are often sensitive not only to domestic economic growth but to the performance of 
major foreign economies and commodity prices. High unemployment rates and the failure of our in-school borrowers to 
graduate are two of the most significant macroeconomic factors that could increase loan delinquencies, defaults and 
forbearance, or otherwise negatively affect performance of our existing education loan portfolios. Since 2009, the 
unemployment rate of 20-24 year old college graduates has been higher than in prior years. It reached a high of 13.3 percent in 
2011 and declined to 3.8 percent in December 2015. Likewise, high unemployment and decreased savings rates may impede 
Private Education Loan originations growth as loan applicants and their cosigners may experience trouble repaying credit 
obligations or may not meet our credit standards. Consequently, our borrowers may experience more trouble in repaying loans 
we have made to them, which could increase our loan delinquencies, defaults and forbearance. In addition, some consumers 
may find that higher education is an unnecessary investment during turbulent economic times and defer enrollment in 
educational institutions until the economy improves or turn to less costly forms of secondary education, thus decreasing our 
education loan application and funding volumes. Higher credit-related losses and weaker credit quality negatively affect our 
business, financial condition and results of operations and limit funding options, which could also adversely impact our 
liquidity position.

Competition

We operate in a competitive environment. Our product offerings are primarily concentrated in loan products for higher 
education and deposit products for online depositors. Such concentrations and the competitive environment subject us to 
risks that could adversely affect our financial position.

The principal assets on our balance sheet are Private Education Loans. At December 31, 2015, approximately 69 percent 
of our assets were comprised of Private Education Loans and this concentration will likely increase. We compete in the Private 
Education Loan market with banks and other consumer lending institutions, many with strong consumer brand name 
recognition and greater financial resources. We compete based on our products, origination capability and customer service. To 
the extent our competitors compete more aggressively or effectively, we could lose market share to them or subject our existing 
loans to refinancing risk. 

Competition plays a significant role in our online deposit gathering activities. The market for online deposits is highly 
competitive, based primarily on a combination of reputation and rate. Increased competition for deposits could cause our cost of 
funds to increase, with negative impacts on our financial returns.

In addition to competition with banks and other consumer lending institutions, the federal government, through the Direct 

Student Loan Program (“DSLP”), poses significant competition to our Private Education Loan products. The availability and 
terms of loans the government originates or guarantees affect the demand for Private Education Loans because students and 
their families often rely on Private Education Loans to bridge a gap between available funds, including family savings, 
scholarships, grants and federal and state loans, and the costs of post-secondary education. The federal government currently 
places both annual and aggregate limitations on the amount of federal loans any student can receive and determines the criteria 
for student eligibility. Parents and graduate students may obtain additional federal education loans through other programs. 
These federal education lending programs are generally adjusted in connection with funding authorizations from the U.S. 
Congress for programs under the Higher Education Act of 1965 (“HEA”). The HEA’s reauthorization is currently pending in the 
U.S. Congress and a vote may occur in 2016. Increased funding authorizations or federal education loan limits contained in any 
reauthorization could decrease demand for Private Education Loans. 

18

Access to alternative means of financing the costs of education and other factors may reduce demand for Private Education 
Loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The demand for Private Education Loans could weaken if families and student borrowers use other vehicles to bridge the 

gap between available funds and costs of post-secondary education. These vehicles include, among others:

•  Home equity loans or other borrowings available to families to finance their education costs;

• 

• 

Pre-paid tuition plans, which allow students to pay tuition at today’s rates to cover tuition costs in the future;

Section 529 plans, which include both pre-paid tuition plans and college savings plans that allow a family to save 
funds on a tax-advantaged basis;

•  Education IRAs, now known as Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, under which a holder can make annual 

contributions for education savings;

•  Government education loan programs such as the DSLP; and

•  Direct loans from colleges and universities.

In addition, our ability to grow Private Education Loan originations could be negatively affected if

demographic trends in the United States result in a decrease in college-age individuals, 

demand for higher education decreases, 

the cost of attendance of higher education decreases, or

public resistance to increasing higher education costs strengthens. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel could harm our business.

Our future success depends significantly on the continued services and performance of our management team. We believe 
our management team’s depth and breadth of experience in our industry is integral to executing our business plan. We also will 
need to continue to attract, motivate and retain other key personnel. The loss of the services of members of our management 
team or other key personnel to our competitors or other companies or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel as 
needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Regulatory

Failure to comply with consumer protection laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties or litigation, including 
class actions, and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a broad range of federal and state consumer protection laws applicable to our Private Education Loan 
lending and retail banking activities, including laws governing fair lending, unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and practices, 
service member protections, interest rates and loan fees, disclosures of loan terms, marketing, servicing and collections.

Violations of, or changes in, federal or state consumer protection laws or related regulations, or in the prevailing 
interpretations thereof, may expose us to litigation, administrative fines, penalties and restitution, result in greater compliance 
costs, constrain the marketing of Private Education Loans, adversely affect the collection of balances due on the loan assets 
held by us or by securitization trusts or otherwise adversely affect our business. We could incur substantial additional expense 
complying with these requirements and may be required to create new processes and information systems. Moreover, changes 
in federal or state consumer protection laws and related regulations, or in the prevailing interpretations thereof, could invalidate 
or call into question the legality of certain of our services and business practices.

For example, the Bank is currently subject to the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order.  Specifically, on May 
13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the DOJ regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, 
as well as compliance with the SCRA. 

Effective January 1, 2015, the CFPB became the Bank’s primary consumer compliance supervisor, with consumer 
compliance examination authority and primary consumer compliance enforcement authority. CFPB jurisdiction could result in 
additional regulation and supervision, which could increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. 

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Consent orders, decrees or settlements entered into with governmental agencies may also increase our compliance costs or 
restrict certain of our activities. 

Finally, we operate in an environment of heightened political and regulatory scrutiny of education loan lending, servicing 
and originations. The rising cost of higher education, questions regarding the quality of education provided, particularly among 
for-profit institutions, and the increasing level of student loan debt in the United States have prompted this heightened and 
ongoing scrutiny. This environment could lead to further laws and regulations applicable to, or limiting, our business. As an 
example of potential further laws and regulations applicable to our business, the CFPB has recently expressed some concerns 
with education loan servicers and indicated it may begin to consider possible rulemaking efforts for the industry in late 2016 or 
2017. As an example of potential further laws and regulations limiting our business, increasing numbers of allegations or 
findings levied against for-profit institutions could lead us to further curtail the loans we make to students of these institutions 
or increase the risk of enforceability of our existing loans to graduates of particular institutions found to have fraudulently 
misrepresented or to have not provided reasonably expected training or educational benefits.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, or changes in these 
laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us.

In addition to consumer protection laws, we are also subject to extensive regulation and supervision that govern almost all 

aspects of our operations. Intended to protect clients, depositors, the DIF, and the overall financial system, these laws and 
regulations, may, among other matters, 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

prescribe minimum capital requirements, 

limit the rates of growth of our business,

impose limitations on the business activities in which we can engage, 

limit the dividend or distributions the Bank can pay to us, 

restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt, 

limit proprietary trading and investments in certain private funds, 

impose certain specific accounting requirements on us that may be more restrictive and 

result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than generally accepted accounting 
principles. 

The FDIC has the authority to limit the Bank’s annual total balance sheet growth. We sold Private Education Loans from 

time to time in 2015, primarily through off-balance sheet securitization transactions, in part to meet previously imposed 
limitations. 

As our business, capital and balance sheet continue to grow, we expect to be able to achieve our annual Private Education 
Loan origination targets for 2016 without the need to sell loans to third-parties. We may reconsider loan sales from time to time, 
however, based on a number of factors, including our risk-based capital levels and input from our regulators.

Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations, as well as 
increased intensity in supervision, often impose additional compliance costs. We, like the rest of the banking sector, are facing 
increased regulation and supervision of our industry by bank regulatory agencies and expect there will be additional and 
changing requirements and conditions imposed on us. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure 
is inadvertent or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to fines, other penalties and  restrictions on our business 
activities, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations, capital base 
and the price of our securities. 

Significant increases in our FDIC insurance premiums could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of 
operations and cash flows.

Deposits at the Bank are insured up to the applicable legal limits by the DIF, which is funded primarily by quarterly 
assessments on insured banks. An insured bank’s assessment is calculated by multiplying its assessment rate by its assessment 
base. A bank’s assessment base and assessment rate are determined each quarter. See Item 1. “Business — Supervision and 
Regulation — Regulation of Sallie Mae Bank — Deposit Insurance and Assessments.” 

20

The FDIC may further redefine how assessments are calculated, impose special assessments or surcharges on us or 
increase our deposit insurance premiums. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the FDIC unveiled a plan that would impose a 4.5 basis 
point premium surcharge on banks with $10 billion or more in assets, which could be effective as early as the first quarter of 
2016.

Regulatory agencies have increased their expectations with respect to how regulated institutions oversee their relationships 
with third-party vendors and service providers.

The CFPB and the FDIC have issued guidance to supervised banks with respect to increased responsibilities to vet and 

supervise the activities of service providers to ensure compliance with federal consumer protection laws. In addition, the FDIC 
Consent Order, among other things, imposes strict requirements on the Bank with respect to oversight of third-party agreements 
and services. The issuance of regulatory guidance, the FDIC Consent Order, and the enforcement of the enhanced vendor 
management standards via examination and investigation of us or any third-party with whom we do business, may increase our 
costs, require increased management attention and adversely impact our operations. In the event we should fail to meet the 
heightened standards for management of service providers, we could be subject to further supervisory orders to cease and 
desist, civil monetary penalties or other actions due to claimed noncompliance, which could have an adverse effect on our 
business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Capital and Liquidity

Adverse market conditions or an inability to effectively manage our liquidity risk could negatively impact our ability to meet 
our liquidity and funding needs, which could materially and adversely impact our business operations and our overall 
financial condition.

We must effectively manage the liquidity risk to which we are exposed. We require liquidity to meet cash requirements 

for such things as day-to-day operating expenses, extensions of credit on our Private Education Loans, deposit withdrawals and 
payment of required dividends on our preferred stock. Our primary sources of liquidity and funding are from customer deposits, 
payments received on Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans that we hold, and proceeds from loan sales and securitization 
transactions we undertake.  We may maintain too much liquidity, which can be costly, or we may be too illiquid, which could 
result in financial distress during times of economic stress or capital market disruptions.

For at least the next several years, our ability to grow our business to its fullest potential will be heavily reliant on our ability 
to obtain deposits and obtain financing through asset-backed securitizations.

If we are unable to obtain funding sufficient to fund new Private Education Loan originations, our business, financial 

condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

We fund Private Education Loan originations through term and liquid brokered and retail deposits raised by the Bank. 
Assets funded in this manner result in refinancing risk because the average term of the deposits is shorter than the expected 
term of the Private Education Loan assets we create.  Also, our ability to maintain our current level of deposits or grow our 
deposit base could be affected by regulatory restrictions, including the possible imposition by our regulators of prior approval 
requirements or restrictions on deposit growth through brokered deposits.  As a supervisory matter, reliance on brokered 
deposits as a significant source of funding is discouraged.  As a result, to grow our deposit base, we will need to expand our 
non-brokered channels for deposit generation, including through new marketing and advertising efforts, which may require 
significant time, capital, and effort to implement.  Further, the significant competition for deposits from other banking 
organizations that are also seeking stable deposits to support their funding needs may affect deposit renewal rates, costs or 
availability.  If we are unable to expand existing, or develop new, channels for deposit generation on favorable terms, it could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.  In addition, our ability 
to maintain existing or obtain additional deposits may be affected by factors, including those beyond our control, such as 
perceptions about our financial strength, quality of deposit servicing or online banking generally, which could reduce the 
number of consumers choosing to make deposits with us.

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Our short-term success depends on our ability to structure Private Education Loan securitizations or execute other secured 
funding transactions. Several factors may have a material adverse effect on both our ability to obtain such funding and the time 
it takes us to structure and execute these transactions, including the following:

• 

Persistent and prolonged disruption or volatility in the capital markets or in the education loan ABS sector specifically;

•  Our inability to generate sufficient Private Education Loan volume;

•  Degradation of the credit quality or performance of the Private Education Loans we sell or finance through 

securitization trusts, or adverse rating agency assumptions, ratings or conclusions with respect to those trusts or the 
education loan-backed securitization trusts sponsored by other issuers;

•  Material breach of our obligations to purchasers of our Private Education Loans, including securitization trusts;

•  The timing, pricing and size of education loan asset-backed securitizations other parties issue, or the adverse 

performance of, or other problems with, such securitizations;

•  Challenges to the enforceability of Private Education Loans based on violations of, or changes to, federal or state 

consumer protection or licensing laws and related regulations, or imposition of penalties or liabilities on assignees of 
Private Education Loans for violation of such laws and regulations; or

•  Our inability to structure and gain market acceptance for new products or services to meet new demands of ABS 

investors, rating agencies or credit facility providers.

In structuring and facilitating securitizations of Private Education Loans, administering securitization trusts or providing 
portfolio management, we may incur liabilities to transaction parties.

Under applicable state and federal securities laws, if investors incur losses as a result of purchasing ABS issued in 
connection with our securitization transactions, we could be deemed responsible and could be liable to investors for damages. 
We could also be liable to investors or other parties for certain updated information that we may provide subsequent to the 
original issuances. If we fail to cause the securitization trusts or other transaction parties to disclose adequately all material 
information regarding an investment in any securities, if we or the trusts make statements that are misleading in any material 
respect in information delivered to investors in any securities, if we breach any representations or warranties made in 
connection with securitization of the loans, or if we breach any other duties as the administrator or servicer of the securitization 
trusts, it is possible we could be sued and ultimately held liable to an investor or other transaction party. This risk includes 
failure to properly administer or oversee servicing or collections and may increase if the performance of the securitization 
trusts’ loan portfolios degrades.  In addition, under various agreements, we may be contractually bound to indemnify 
transaction parties if an investor is successful in seeking to recover any loss from those parties and the securitization trusts are 
found to have made a materially misleading statement or to have omitted material information.

If we are liable to an investor or other transaction party for a loss incurred in any securitization we facilitate or structured 

and any insurance that we may have does not cover this liability or proves to be insufficient, our business, financial position, 
results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

The interest rate and maturity characteristics of our earning assets do not always match the interest rate and maturity 
characteristics of our funding arrangements, which may increase the price of, or decrease our ability to obtain, necessary 
liquidity. We are also subject to repayment and prepayment risks, which can adversely affect our financial condition.

Net interest income is the primary source of cash flow generated by our portfolios of Private Education Loans and FFELP 

Loans. Interest earned on Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans is primarily indexed to one-month LIBOR rates, but our 
cost of funds is primarily related to deposit rates. Certain of our Private Education Loans bear fixed interest rates. These loans 
are not specifically match funded with fixed-rate deposits or fixed rate funding obtained through asset-backed securitization. 
Likewise, the average term of our deposits is shorter than the expected term of our Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans.

The different interest rate and maturity characteristics of our loan portfolio and the liabilities funding that portfolio result 

in interest rate risk, basis risk and re-pricing risk. In certain interest rate environments, this mismatch may compress our net 
interest margin (the net interest yield earned on our portfolio less the rate paid on our interest bearing liabilities).  It is not 
possible to hedge all of our exposure to such risks. While the assets, liabilities and related hedging derivative contract repricing 
indices are typically highly correlated, there can be no assurance that the historically high correlation will not be disrupted by 

22

capital market dislocations or other factors not within our control. In these circumstances, our earnings could be materially 
adversely affected.

We are also subject to risks associated with changes in repayment and prepayment rates on Private Education Loans. For 

example, most of our Smart Option Student Loan products promote accelerated repayment. In addition, increases in 
employment levels, wages, family income or alternative sources of financing may also contribute to higher than expected 
prepayment rates, which can adversely affect our financial condition.

Our use of derivatives to manage interest rate sensitivity exposes us to credit and market risk that could have a material 
adverse effect on our earnings. 

We maintain an overall interest rate strategy that uses derivatives to reduce the economic effect of interest rate changes. 

Developing an effective hedging strategy for dealing with movements in interest rates is complex, and no strategy can 
completely avoid the risks associated with these fluctuations. For example, our education loan portfolios remain subject to 
prepayment risk that could cause them to be under- or over-hedged, which could result in material losses. In addition, our 
interest rate risk management activities expose us to mark-to-market losses if interest rates move in a materially different way 
than was expected when we entered into the related derivative contracts. As a result, there can be no assurance hedging 
activities using derivatives will effectively manage our interest rate sensitivity, have the desired beneficial impact on our results 
of operations or financial condition or not adversely impact our liquidity and earnings.

Our use of derivatives also exposes us to market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the chance of financial loss resulting 

from changes in interest rates and market liquidity.  Some of the swaps we use to economically hedge interest rate risk between 
our assets and liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value, called the “mark-to-
market,” of the swaps that do not so qualify is included in our statement of income. A decline in the fair value of those 
derivatives could have a material adverse effect on our reported earnings.

We are also subject to the creditworthiness of third-parties, including counterparties to derivative transactions. For 
example, we have exposure to the financial conditions of various lending, investment and derivative counterparties. If a 
counterparty fails to perform its obligations, we could, depending on the type of counterparty arrangement, experience a loss of 
liquidity or an economic loss. In addition, if a derivative counterparty fails to perform, we might not be able to cost effectively 
replace the derivative position depending on the type of derivative and the current economic environment, and thus could be 
exposed to a greater level of interest rate risk, potentially leading to additional losses. Our counterparty exposure is more fully 
discussed in Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - 
Liquidity and Capital Resources - Counterparty Exposure.” If our counterparties are unable to perform their obligations, such 
inability could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Defaults on education loans, particularly Private Education Loans, could adversely affect our business, financial position, 
results of operations and cash flows.

We bear the full credit exposure on Private Education Loans. Delinquencies are an important indicator of the potential 

future credit performance for Private Education Loans. Our delinquencies, as a percentage of Private Education Loans in 
repayment, were 2.2 percent at December 31, 2015.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we conformed our policy with the Bank’s policy to charge off loans after 120 days of 

delinquency. We also changed our loss emergence period - management’s estimate of the expected period of time between the 
first occurrence of an event likely to cause a loss on a loan (e.g., a borrower’s loss of job, divorce, death, etc.) and the date the 
loan is expected to be charged off - from two years to one year to reflect both the shorter charge-off policy and related servicing 
practices. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold all loans past 90 days delinquent to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. 
Post-Spin-Off, sales of delinquent loans to Navient have been significantly curtailed. Similarly, pre-Spin-Off SLM’s Private 
Education Loan default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. As a 
result of changing our corporate charge-off policy to charging off at 120 days delinquent and greatly reducing the number of 
potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default aversion strategies now focus more on loans 30 to 120 days 
delinquent. We only have one and one half years of experience in executing our default aversion strategies on such compressed 
collection timeframes.  If we are unable to maintain or improve on our existing default aversion levels during these shortened 
collection timeframes, default rates on our Private Education Loans could increase.

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Our allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses, and we may be required to materially increase our 
allowance, which may adversely affect our capital, financial condition, and results of operations.

The evaluation of our allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be 

subject to significant changes. As of December 31, 2015, our allowance for Private Education Loan losses was approximately 
$109 million. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recognized provisions for Private Education Loan losses of 
$87 million. The provision for loan losses reflects the Private Education Loan performance for the applicable period and affects 
the allowance at a level that management believes is appropriate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. 
However, future defaults can be higher than anticipated due to a variety of factors outside of our control, such as downturns in 
the economy, regulatory or operational changes and other unforeseen future trends. Losses on Private Education Loans are also 
determined by risk characteristics such as school type, loan status (in-school, grace, forbearance, repayment and delinquency), 
loan seasoning (number of months in active repayment), underwriting criteria (e.g., credit scores), presence of a cosigner and 
the current economic environment. General economic and employment conditions, including employment rates for recent 
college graduates during the recent recession, led to higher rates of education loan defaults. In addition, our product offerings 
may prove to be unprofitable and may result in higher than expected losses. If actual loan performance is worse than currently 
estimated, it could materially increase our estimate of the allowance for loan losses in our balance sheet and the related 
provision for loan losses in our statements of income and, as a result, adversely affect our capital, financial condition and results 
of operations.

Changes in accounting standards could adversely affect our capital levels, results of operation and financial condition.

We are subject to the requirements of entities that set and interpret the accounting standards governing the preparation of 

our financial statements and other financial reports. These entities, which include the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
(“FASB”), the SEC, banking regulators and our independent registered public accounting firm, may add new requirements or 
change their interpretations of how those standards should be applied. 

For example, we anticipate the FASB will approve a final accounting standard in 2016 related to the calculation of loan 
loss reserves that will require us to apply a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model when recording impairment of loans 
and other financial instruments. The CECL model, as currently drafted, will require us to record an allowance for estimated life 
of loan losses at each balance sheet date.  Currently, for those Private Education Loans that are not TDRs (as defined below), 
we apply an inherent loss model and only record an allowance for losses expected to be realized in the 12 months following the 
balance sheet date.  Adoption of the CECL life of loan model could significantly increase our allowance for loan losses and 
thereby materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, or capital levels.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the UDFI. Failure to meet 
minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators 
that, if undertaken, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Under U.S. Basel III and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital 
standards that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under 
regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and its classification under the prompt corrective action framework 
are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors.

As of January 1, 2015, the Bank was required to comply with U.S. Basel III, which is aimed at increasing both the 
quantity and quality of regulatory capital.  U.S. Basel III establishes the following minimum capital ratios: a Common Equity 
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 
8.0 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0 percent.  In addition, on a fully phased-in basis by January 1, 2019, banks will be 
subject to a greater than 2.5 percent Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer. Institutions that do not maintain the 
buffer will face restrictions on dividend payments, share repurchases and the payment of discretionary bonuses to executive 
officers.

U.S. Basel III also revised the capital thresholds for the prompt corrective action framework for insured depository 
institutions. Effective January 1, 2015, to qualify as "well capitalized," an insured depository institution must maintain a 
Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0 percent, a 
Total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.0 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0 percent.  As of December 31, 

24

2015, the Bank had a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 14.4 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 14.4 
percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 15.4 percent and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 12.3 percent.

If the Bank fails to satisfy regulatory risk-based or leverage capital requirements, it may be subject to serious regulatory 

sanctions that could prevent us from successfully executing our business plan and may have a material adverse effect on our 
business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows. See Item 1. "Business — Supervision and Regulation — 
Regulation of Sallie Mae Bank — Regulatory Capital Requirements."

Unfavorable results from required annual stress tests conducted by us may adversely affect our capital position. 

The Dodd-Frank Act imposes stress test requirements on banking organizations with total consolidated assets, averaged 
over the four most recent consecutive quarters, of more than $10 billion, an asset threshold which the Bank meets.  Under the 
FDIC’s implementing regulations, the Bank is required to conduct annual stress tests utilizing scenarios provided by the FDIC 
and publish a summary of those results. The Bank must conduct its first annual stress test under the rules in the 2016 stress 
testing cycle and submit the results of that stress test to the FDIC by July 31, 2016. Published summary results will be required 
to include certain measures that evaluate the Bank’s ability to absorb losses in severely adverse economic and financial 
conditions. Our regulators may require the Bank to raise additional capital or take other actions, or may impose restrictions on 
our business, based on the results of the stress tests. We may not be able to raise additional capital if required to do so, or may 
not be able to do so on terms which are advantageous to us or our current shareholders. Any such capital raises, if required, may 
also be dilutive to our existing stockholders.

Operations

Failure of our operating systems or infrastructure or inability to adapt to changes could disrupt our business, cause 
significant losses, result in regulatory action or damage our reputation.

Our business is dependent on our ability to process and monitor large numbers of transactions in compliance with legal 
and regulatory standards and our product specifications. As processing demands change and our loan portfolios grow in both 
volume and differing terms and conditions, developing and maintaining our operating systems and infrastructure become 
increasingly challenging. There is no assurance we can adequately or efficiently develop, maintain or acquire access to such 
systems and infrastructure.

Our loan originations and the servicing, financial, accounting, data processing or other operating systems and facilities 

that support them may fail to operate properly, become disabled as a result of events beyond our control or be unable to be 
rapidly configured to timely address regulatory changes, in each case potentially adversely affecting our ability to process these 
transactions. Any such failure could adversely affect our ability to service our clients, result in financial loss or liability to our 
clients, disrupt our business, result in regulatory action or cause reputational damage. Despite the plans and facilities we have in 
place, our ability to conduct business may be adversely affected by a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our 
businesses. This may include a disruption involving electrical, communications, Internet, transportation or other services used 
by us or third-parties with which we conduct business. Notwithstanding our efforts to maintain business continuity, a disruptive 
event impacting our processing locations could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash 
flows.

Our business processes are becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement, and we could lose market 
share if we are not able to keep pace with rapid changes in technology.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to underwrite and approve loans, and process loan applications and 

payments and provide other customer services in a safe, automated manner with high-quality service standards. The volume of 
loan originations we are able to process is based, in large part, on the systems and processes we have implemented and 
developed. These systems and processes are becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement, such as the 
ability to process loans and payments over the Internet via personal computers or mobile devices, accept electronic signatures 
and provide initial decisions instantly. Our future success also depends, in part, on our ability to develop and implement 
technology solutions that anticipate and keep pace with continuing changes in technology, industry standards and client 
preferences. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments on a timely basis. We have made, 
and need to continue to make, investments in our technology platform to provide competitive products and services. If 

25

competitors introduce products, services, systems and processes that are better than ours or that gain greater market acceptance, 
those we offer or use may become obsolete or noncompetitive. Any one of these circumstances could have a material adverse 
effect on our business reputation and ability to obtain and retain clients.

We may be required to expend significant funds to develop or acquire new technologies. If we cannot offer new 
technologies as quickly as our competitors, we could lose market share. We also could lose market share if our competitors 
develop more cost effective technologies than those we offer or develop.

We depend on secure information technology and a breach of those systems or those of third-party vendors could result in 
significant losses, unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer information and reputational damage, which could 
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of personal, confidential and other information in 
a significant number of customer transactions on a continuous basis through our computer systems and networks and those of 
our third-party service providers. To access our products and services, our customers may use smart phones, tablets and other 
mobile devices that are beyond our security systems and those of our third-party service providers. Information security risks 
for financial institutions and third-party service providers have increased in recent years and continue to evolve in part because 
of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial 
transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists and other external 
parties, including foreign state-sponsored actors. These parties also may fraudulently induce employees, customers and other 
users of our systems to gain access to our and our customers’ data. As a result, we continue to evolve our security controls to 
effectively prevent, detect, and respond to the continually changing threats and we may be required to expend significant 
additional resources in the future to modify and enhance our security controls in response to new or more sophisticated threats, 
new regulations related to cybersecurity and other developments.

Despite the measures we and our third-party service providers implement to protect our systems and data, we may not be 
able to anticipate, prevent or detect cyber-attacks given the unknown and evolving nature of cyber criminals and techniques. As 
a result, our computer systems, software and networks, as well as those of third-party vendors we utilize, may be vulnerable to 
unauthorized access, computer viruses, malicious attacks and other events that could have a security impact beyond our control. 
Our staff, technologies, systems, networks and those of third-parties we utilize also may become the target of cyber-attacks, 
unauthorized access, malicious code, computer viruses, denial of service attacks and physical attacks that could result in 
information security breaches, the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our 
customers’ confidential, proprietary and other information, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third-parties’ 
business operations. We also routinely transmit and receive personal, confidential and proprietary information, some through 
third-parties, which may be vulnerable to interception, misuse or mishandling. 

If one or more of such events occur, personal, confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted 

through our computer systems and networks, or those of third-party vendors, could be compromised or could cause 
interruptions or malfunctions in our or our customers’ operations that could result in significant losses, loss of confidence by 
and business from customers, customer dissatisfaction, significant litigation, regulatory exposures and harm to our reputation 
and brand. 

In the event personal, confidential or other information is threatened, intercepted, misused, mishandled or compromised, 

we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures, to investigate the 
circumstances surrounding the event and implement mitigation and remediation measures. We also may be subject to fines, 
penalties, litigation and regulatory investigation costs and settlements and financial losses that are either not insured against or 
not fully covered through any insurance maintained by us. If one or more of such events occur, our business, financial condition 
or results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.

26

We depend significantly on third-parties for a wide array of our operations and customer services and key components of 
our information technology infrastructure, and a breach of security or service levels, or violation of law by one of these 
third-parties, could disrupt our business or provide our competitors with an opportunity to enhance their position at our 
expense.

We depend significantly on third-parties for a wide array of our operations and customer services and key components of 

our information technology and security infrastructures. Third-party vendors are significantly involved in aspects of our 
servicing for Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans, Bank deposit-taking activities, software and systems development, 
data center and operations, including the timely and secure transmission of information across our data communication 
network, and for other telecommunications, email, processing, storage, remittance and technology-related services in 
connection with our business. If a service provider fails to provide the services we require or expect, or fails to meet applicable 
regulatory or contractual requirements, such as service levels, protection of our customers’ personal and confidential 
information, or compliance with applicable laws, that failure could negatively impact our business by adversely affecting our 
ability to process customers’ transactions in a timely and accurate manner, otherwise hampering our ability to serve our 
customers and investors, or subjecting us to litigation and regulatory risk for matters as diverse as poor vendor oversight, 
improper release or protection of personal information, or release of incorrect information. Such a failure could adversely affect 
the perception of the reliability of our networks and services, and the quality of our brands, and could materially adversely 
affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may face risks from our operations related to litigation or regulatory actions that could result in significant legal 
expenses and settlement or damage awards.

Navient has agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may 

arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically 
excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, provided Navient receives notice of such claims or potential claims 
from us on or before April 30, 2017, the third anniversary of the Spin-Off. Consequently, due to Navient’s indemnification and 
the smaller, relatively younger vintages of our Private Education Loans, over the near term our dispute-related expenses may be 
lower than might otherwise be expected.  As our business grows, we will likely be subject to additional claims and litigation, 
which could seriously harm our business and require us to incur significant costs. Defending against litigation may require 
significant attention and resources of management and, regardless of the outcome, such actions could result in significant 
expenses.  If we are a party to material litigation and if the defenses we assert are ultimately unsuccessful, or if we are unable to 
achieve a favorable settlement, we could be liable for large damages and that could have a material adverse effect on our 
business, results of operations and financial condition. Likewise, similar material adverse effects could occur if Navient is 
unwilling or unable to honor its indemnification obligations under the Separation and Distribution Agreement.

New products and services may subject us to additional risks.

In 2016, we intend to focus more attention on expanding the suite of products and services that we provide to our 
customers. While we do not expect significant financial contributions from these products in the near term, there may be 
substantial regulatory and operational challenges, risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts and we may invest 
significant time and resources in developing and launching any new products or services. In addition, our initial timetables for 
the introduction and development of new products or services may not be met, market acceptance may fall short of our 
expectations, and price and profitability targets may not prove achievable, which could in turn unnecessarily divert 
management’s attention and focus and have a material negative effect on our perception in the marketplace and our operating 
results.

Incorrect estimates and assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial 
statements could adversely affect our reported assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make critical accounting estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses during the reporting periods. Incorrect 
estimates and assumptions by management in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements could 
adversely affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. A description of our critical accounting 
estimates and assumptions may be found in Part I, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 
Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, 
“Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. If we make incorrect 

27

assumptions or estimates, we may under- or overstate reported financial results, which could materially and adversely affect our 
business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating our risk of loss.

Our risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and appropriately balance risk and return. We have established 
processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, control and report the types of risk to which we are subject. 
We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a framework of policies, procedures, limits and reporting 
requirements. Management of risks in some cases depends upon the use of analytical and/or forecasting models. If the models 
that we use to mitigate these risks are inadequate, we may incur increased losses. In addition, there may be existing or 
developing risks that we have not appropriately anticipated, identified or mitigated. If our risk management framework does not 
effectively identify or mitigate our risks, we could suffer unexpected losses and our financial condition and results of operations 
could be materially adversely affected.

Our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls may be ineffective.

Our management is responsible for maintaining, regularly assessing and, as necessary, making changes to our internal 
controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls. Nevertheless, our internal controls over financial reporting and our 
disclosure controls can provide only reasonable assurances regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the 
preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the 
United States ("GAAP") and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Any failure or circumvention of our internal controls 
over financial reporting or our disclosure controls, failure to comply with rules and regulations related to such controls or 
failure to make sound and appropriate application of the criteria established in the framework set forth in Internal Control-
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission could have a 
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to reputational and other risks related to customer or employee fraud.

Employee and customer misconduct could subject us to financial losses, lawsuits or regulatory sanctions and severely 
harm our reputation. Misconduct by our customers could include such activities as providing fraudulent credentials, information 
or authorization on behalf of a family member or other cosigner through identification theft or by other means in order to secure 
loan approval. Customers also may attempt to fraudulently secure Private Education Loan proceeds. Misconduct by our 
employees could include, among other things, theft of our or our customers’ confidential information, or making unauthorized 
payments on behalf of a collection client in order to meet certain incentive thresholds.

If our internal controls fail to prevent or detect an occurrence of customer or employee fraud, or if any resulting loss is not 
insured, exceeds applicable insurance limits or insurance is denied, such occurrence could have a material adverse effect on our 
reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to the Spin-Off 

 We may incur significant additional costs in connection with operating as a stand-alone company.

We may incur significant additional costs in connection with our operation as a stand-alone public company and the full 

implementation of the Spin-Off. For example, Navient and its affiliates continue to provide certain services to us and our 
affiliates under various transition agreements for specified transition periods and potentially thereafter. The fees charged by 
Navient and its affiliates for the provision of these services to us and our affiliates may be higher than the costs that were 
allocated to these services prior to the Spin-Off. In addition, prior to the Spin-Off our businesses obtained services from, or 
engaged in transactions with, our affiliates under intercompany agreements. All of these factors will result in costs that are 
higher than the amounts reflected in historical financial statements, which could cause our profitability to decrease.

28

We continue to rely on Navient’s Private Education Loan data and, because of Navient's indemnification obligations, have 
significant exposures to risks related to its creditworthiness. If we are unable to rely on these data or to obtain 
indemnification payments from Navient, we could experience higher than expected costs and operating expenses and our 
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Navient regularly provides us with a significant amount of current and historical data on their portfolios of private 
education loans, including data that supports, among other things, the tracking of loan performance metrics such as default and 
recovery rates on those loans, including loans classified as troubled debt restructurings, and, in connection with our ABS 
financing transactions, to provide investors with historical information about Private Education Loan performance. We also use 
these metrics in the development of certain critical accounting assumptions.

Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may 

arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically 
excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations 
Navient has include:

• 

• 

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the 
Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt 
repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off. The remaining amount of this indemnification receivable at December 31, 
2015 is $170 million. In addition, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for uncertain pre-Spin-Off tax positions. 

Separate and apart from Navient's direct responsibility for its own actions and those of its subsidiaries, Navient will 
indemnify the Company and the Bank for any liabilities, costs or expenses they may incur arising from any action or 
threatened action related to the servicing, operations and collections activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM and its subsidiaries 
with respect to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans that were assets of the Bank or Navient at the time of the 
Spin-Off; provided that written notice is provided to Navient prior to the third anniversary date of the Spin-Off, April 
30, 2017. Navient will not indemnify for changes in law or changes in prior existing interpretations of law that occur 
on or after April 30, 2014. 

•  Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off 

SLM businesses and servicing and collection activities operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.

•  Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities, costs 
and expenses under the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order, other than fines directly levied against the 
Bank in connection with these matters.  Under the DOJ Consent Order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing 
SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank.

The Separation and Distribution Agreement provides specific processes and procedures pursuant to which we may submit 

claims for indemnification to Navient and, to date, Navient has acknowledged and accepted substantially all claims that we 
have submitted.  Nonetheless, if for any reason Navient is unable or unwilling to pay claims made against it, our costs, 
operating expenses, cash flows and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected over time. 

Sallie Mae and Navient are each subject to restrictions under a tax sharing agreement between them, and a violation of the 
tax sharing agreement may result in tax liability to Sallie Mae and to its stockholders.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a tax sharing agreement with Navient to preserve the tax-free treatment 

of the separation and distribution of Navient. Under this tax sharing agreement, both we and Navient are restricted from 
engaging in certain transactions that could prevent the Spin-Off from being tax-free to us and our stockholders at the time of the 
Spin-Off for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Compliance with the tax sharing agreement and the restrictions therein may 
limit our near-term ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or engage in activities that might be beneficial from a business 
perspective, including mergers and acquisitions transactions. This may result in missed opportunities or the pursuit of business 
strategies that may not be as beneficial for us and which may negatively affect our anticipated profitability. If Navient fails to 
comply with the restrictions in the tax sharing agreement and as a result the Spin-Off is determined to have been taxable for 
U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and our stockholders at the time of the Spin-Off that are subject to U.S. federal income 
tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. Although the tax sharing agreement provides that Navient is 
required to indemnify us for taxes incurred that may arise were Navient to fail to comply with its obligations under the tax 

29

sharing agreement, there is no assurance that Navient will have the funds to satisfy that liability. Also, Navient will not be 
required to indemnify our stockholders for any tax liabilities they may incur for Navient’s violation of the tax sharing 
agreement.

Risks Related to Our Securities

Our common and preferred stock prices may fluctuate significantly.

The market price of shares of our common stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which 

may be beyond our control, including:

•  Actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; 

•  Our smaller market capitalization as compared to pre-Spin-Off SLM; 

•  Changes in earnings estimated by securities analysts or our ability to meet those estimates; 

•  Our policy of paying no common stock dividends; 

•  The operating and stock price performance of comparable companies; 

•  News reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in the student loan industry or other parts of the financial 

services industry, including regulatory actions against other financial institutions;

• 

Perceptions in the marketplace regarding us and/or our competitors;

•  New technology used, or services offered, by competitors;

• 

Significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or 
involving us or our competitors;

•  Changes to the regulatory and legal environment under which we and our subsidiaries operate; 

•  Our ability to securitize our Private Education Loans; and

•  Domestic and worldwide economic conditions. 

The market price of shares of our preferred stock may fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which 

may be beyond our control, including:

• 

Significant sales of our preferred stock, or the expectation of significant sales;

•  Lack of credit agency ratings;

•  Movements in interest rates and spreads that negatively affect return; and

•  Call and redemption features.

In addition, when the market price of a company’s common stock drops significantly, stockholders often institute 
securities class action lawsuits against the company. A securities class action lawsuit against the Company could cause it to 
incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of its management and other resources, which could materially 
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

An investment in our securities is not an insured deposit.

Our common stock, preferred stock and indebtedness are not bank deposits and, therefore, are not insured against loss by 

the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund or by any other public or private entity. Investment in our common stock is 
inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this report and is subject to the same 
market forces that affect the price of securities of any company.  As a result, if you acquire our common stock, preferred stock 
or indebtedness, you may lose some or all of your investment.

30

The holders of our preferred stock have rights that are senior to those of our common shareholders.

At December 31, 2015, we had issued and outstanding 3.3 million shares of our 6.97 percent Cumulative Redeemable 

Preferred Stock, Series A and 4.0 million shares of our Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B.

Our preferred stock is senior to our shares of common stock in right of payment of dividends and other distributions. We 
must be current on dividends payable to holders of preferred stock before any dividends can be paid on our common stock. In 
the event of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of our preferred stock must be satisfied before any 
distributions can be made to our common shareholders.

Our ability to pay dividends on our common stock can be subject to regulatory restrictions.

We have not paid dividends on our common stock since the Spin-Off and we do not expect to do so for the foreseeable 
future. However, should we choose to do so, we are dependent on funds obtained from the Bank to fund dividend payments.  
Regulatory and other legal restrictions may limit our ability to transfer funds freely, either to or from our subsidiaries. In 
particular, the Bank is subject to laws and regulations that authorize regulatory bodies to block or reduce the flow of funds to 
us, or that prohibit such transfers altogether in certain circumstances. These laws, regulations and rules may hinder our ability 
to access funds that we may need to make payments on our obligations. The FDIC has the authority to prohibit or to limit the 
payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise, including us and our bank subsidiaries.

Restrictions on Ownership

The ability of a third-party to acquire us is limited under applicable U.S. and state banking laws and regulations.

Under the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978, as amended (“CIBC Act”), the FDIC’s regulations thereunder, and 
similar Utah banking laws, any person, either individually or acting through or in concert with one or more other persons, must 
provide notice to, and effectively receive prior approval from, the FDIC and UDFI before acquiring “control” of us.  In practice, 
the process for obtaining such approval is complicated and time-consuming, often taking longer than six months, and a 
proposed acquisition may be disapproved for a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, antitrust concerns, financial 
condition and managerial competence of the applicant, and failure of the applicant to furnish all required information. Under 
the FDIC’s CIBC Act regulations, control is rebuttably presumed to exist, and notice is required, where a person owns, controls 
or holds with the power to vote 10 percent or more of any class of our voting shares and no other person owns, controls or holds 
with the power to vote a greater percentage of that class of voting shares.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 

None.

31

 
Item 2. Properties 

The following table lists the principal facilities owned by us as of December 31, 2015:

Location

Function

Related Business Area(s)

Newark, DE . . . . . . Headquarters
Indianapolis, IN . . . Loan Servicing Center

Consumer Lending; Business Services; Other
Business Services

The following table lists the principal facilities leased by us as of December 31, 2015:

Location

Function

Related Business Area(s)

Reston, VA . . . . . . . Administrative Offices
Newton, MA . . . . . . Administrative Offices
Salt Lake City, UT . Sallie Mae Bank

Consumer Lending; Business Services; Other
Business Services and Upromise by Sallie Mae
Consumer Lending

Approximate
Square Feet

160,000
50,000

Approximate
Square Feet

18,000
18,000
11,400

None of the facilities that we own is encumbered by a mortgage. We believe that our headquarters, loan servicing centers, 

data center, back-up facility and data management and collection centers are generally adequate to meet our long-term lending 
and business goals. Our headquarters are currently located in owned space at 300 Continental Drive, Newark, Delaware, 19713.

32

 
 
 
Item 3. 

Legal Proceedings 

We and our subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various claims, lawsuits and other actions that arise in the normal 
course of business. It is common for the Company, our subsidiaries and affiliates to receive information and document requests 
and investigative demands from state attorneys general, legislative committees and administrative agencies. These requests may 
be for informational or regulatory purposes and may relate to our business practices, the industries in which we operate, or 
other companies with whom we conduct business. Our practice has been and continues to be to cooperate with these bodies and 
be responsive to any such requests.

Pursuant to the terms of the Spin-Off and applicable law, Navient assumed responsibility for all liabilities (whether 
accrued, contingent or otherwise and whether known or unknown) arising out of or resulting from the conduct of pre-Spin-Off 
SLM and its subsidiaries’ businesses prior to the Spin-Off, other than certain specifically identified liabilities relating to the 
conduct of our consumer banking business. Nonetheless, given the prior usage of the Sallie Mae and SLM names by entities 
now owned by Navient, we and our subsidiaries may from time to time be improperly named as defendants in legal proceedings 
where the allegations at issue are the legal responsibility of Navient. Most of these legal proceedings involve matters that arose 
in whole or in part in the ordinary course of business of pre-Spin-Off SLM. Likewise, as the period of time since the Spin-Off 
increases, so does the likelihood any allegations that may be made may be in part for our own actions in a post-Spin-Off time 
period and in part for Navient’s conduct in a pre-Spin-Off time period. We will not be providing information on these 
proceedings unless there are material issues of fact or disagreement with Navient as to the bases of the proceedings or 
responsibility therefor that we believe could have a material, adverse impact on our business, assets, financial condition, 
liquidity or outlook if not resolved in our favor.  

Regulatory Update

At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to the FDIC Consent Order. On May 13, 2014, the Bank reached 
settlements with the FDIC and the DOJ regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with 
the SCRA. Under the FDIC Consent Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 
million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005.

Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement, Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities under the 

regulatory orders, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with these matters. Under the DOJ Consent 
Order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation on behalf of both its subsidiary, 
Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank.

As required by the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order, the Bank has implemented new SCRA policies, 
procedures and training, has updated billing statement disclosures, and is taking additional steps to ensure its third-party service 
providers are also fully compliant in these regards. The FDIC Consent Order also requires the Bank to have its current 
compliance with consumer protection regulations and its compliance management system audited by independent qualified 
audit personnel. The Bank is focused on sustaining timely and comprehensive remediation of each item contained in the orders 
and on further enhancing its policies and practices to promote responsible financial practices, customer experience and 
compliance. 

In May 2014, the Bank received a CID from the CFPB as part of the CFPB’s separate investigation relating to customer 
complaints, fees and charges assessed in connection with the servicing of student loans and related collection practices of pre-
Spin-Off SLM by entities now subsidiaries of Navient during a time period prior to the Spin-Off. Two state attorney generals 
have provided the Bank identical CIDs and others have become involved in the inquiry over time. To the extent requested, we 
have been cooperating fully with the CFPB and the attorney generals but are not in a position at this time to predict the duration 
or outcome of the investigation. Given the timeframe covered by this demand and the focus on practices and procedures 
previously conducted by Navient and its servicing subsidiaries, Navient is leading the response to this investigation and has 
accepted responsibility for all costs, expenses, losses or remediation that may arise from this investigation.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

N/A

33

PART II. 

Item  5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities 

Our common stock is listed and has traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market ("NASDAQ") under the symbol SLM 

since December 12, 2011. Previously, our common stock was listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange. As of 
January 31, 2016, there were 426,316,005 shares of our common stock outstanding and 377 holders of record. The following 
table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock for each full quarterly period within the two most recent 
fiscal years. The prices on and before April 30, 2014 include the value of Navient, which was spun off on that date. The prices 
after that date reflect only the business of SLM Corporation after the Spin-Off. 

Common Stock Prices 

(Post-Spin-Off Prices)

1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

2015

High . . . . .

Low . . . . .

$10.32

8.97

$10.70

9.38

$10.02

7.40

$7.32

6.31

(Post-Spin-Off Prices)

2nd Quarter 
(May 1, 2014 to 
June 30, 2014)

3rd Quarter

4th Quarter

2014

High . . . . .

Low . . . . .

$9.09

8.26

$9.14

8.23

$10.34

8.47

(Pre-Spin-Off Prices)

2014

High . . . . .

Low . . . . .

1st Quarter

$27.24

21.91

2nd Quarter  
(April 1, 2014 to 
April 30, 2014)

$25.93

24.22

We paid quarterly cash dividends on our common stock of $0.15 per share for the first quarter of 2014. Following 
completion of the Spin-Off, we have not paid dividends on our common stock and we do not currently anticipate paying 
dividends on our common stock.

34

 
 
 
 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information relating to our purchase of shares of our common stock in the three months 

ended December 31, 2015. 

We do not intend to initiate share repurchase programs as a means to return capital to shareholders. We only expect to 

repurchase common stock acquired as a result of taxes withheld in connection with award exercises and vesting under our 
employee stock based compensation plans. 

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased(1)

Average Price
Paid per
Share 

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs  

27

39

43

109

$

$

$

$

7.08

6.85

6.65

6.83

—

—

—

—

Approximate Dollar
Value
of Shares That
May Yet Be
Purchased  Under
Publicly Announced
Plans or
Programs

—

—

—

(In thousands, except per share data)

Period:

October 1 - October 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

November 1 - November 30, 2015 . . . . . . . . . .

December 1 - December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . .

Total fourth-quarter 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

_

(1)    All shares purchased are pursuant to the shares of our common stock tendered to us to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercise of stock 

options, and tax withholding obligations in connection with exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units. 

The closing price of our common stock on NASDAQ on December 31, 2015 was $6.52. 

35

 
 
 
 
 
  
Stock Performance 

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total returns of SLM Corporation, the S&P Midcap 400 Index 

and the KBW Bank Index. 

This graph assumes $100 was invested in the stock or the relevant index on December 31, 2010, and also assumes the 
reinvestment of dividends through December 31, 2015, including the Company’s distribution to its shareholders of one share of 
Navient Corporation common stock for every share of SLM Corporation on April 30, 2014. For the purpose of this graph, the 
Navient Corporation distribution is treated as a non-taxable cash dividend of $16.56 that would have been reinvested in SLM 
Corporation common stock at the close of business on April 30, 2014.  

 Five-Year Cumulative Total Stockholder Return 

Company/Index

12/31/10

12/31/11

12/31/12

12/31/13

12/31/14

12/31/15

SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . .

$100.0

$108.7

$143.3

$225.7

$249.6

$159.7

S&P Midcap 400 Index* . . . .

KBW Bank Index* . . . . . . . . .

100.0

100.0

98.3

76.8

113.9

100.8

154.5

140.8

169.5

154.0

165.8

154.7

_________
Source: Bloomberg Total Return Analysis

*Prior to the Spin-Off, we compared our stock performance with the S&P 500 Financials Index and the S&P Index. Due 
to the relatively smaller size of our post-Spin-Off balance sheet and business, we believe comparisons against the S&P Midcap 
400 Index and KBW Bank Index are now more appropriate.

36

 
 
Item 6.  

Selected Financial Data. 

Selected Financial Data 2011-2015 
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 

The following table sets forth our selected financial and other operating information prepared in accordance with GAAP. 

The selected financial data in the table is derived from our consolidated financial statements. The data should be read in 
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” 

Operating Data:

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-interest income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation . .

Basic earnings per common share attributable
to SLM Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted earnings per common share
attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dividends per common share attributable to 
SLM Corporation common shareholders(1) . . . .
Return on common stockholders’ equity . . . . . .

Net interest margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Return on assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average equity/average assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating efficiency ratio - old method(2) . . . . .
Operating efficiency ratio - new method(3) . . . .
Balance Sheet Data:

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

702

183

885

274

0.60

0.59

$

$

$

$

$

$

578

157

735

194

0.43

0.42

$

$

$

$

$

$

462

298

760

259

0.59

0.58

— $

— $

0.60

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

408

267

675

218

0.46

0.45

0.50

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

367

98

465

54

0.10

0.10

0.30

18%

15%

22%

18%

4%

5.48

2.04

14.49

44%
47%

5.26

1.68

13.92

43%
45%

5.06

2.70

12.50

40%
49%

Total education loan portfolio, net. . . . . . . . . . .

$

11,631

$

9,510

$

7,931

$

Total assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity. . .

Book value per common share. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,214

11,488

1,079

2,096

3.59

12,972

10,541

—

1,830

2.99

10,707

9,002

—

1,161

2.71

_________

5.54

2.84

15.49

44%
61%

6,487

9,084

7,497

—

1,089

2.41

$

5.22

0.75

16.79

77%
66%

5,302

7,670

6,018

—

1,244

2.44

(1)   Following completion of the Spin-Off, SLM has not paid dividends on its common stock and it does not anticipate paying dividends on 
its common stock in 2016.

(2) Operating efficiency ratio is calculated as total expenses, excluding restructuring costs, divided by net interest income (after provision 
for credit losses) and other income.

(3) As shown here, in 2016 the Company will change its calculation of operating efficiency ratio in future disclosures to investors to better 
reflect the ongoing efficiency of the Company, as well as to be more consistent with the calculation used by our peers. The revised 
calculation is total expenses, excluding restructuring costs, divided by net interest income (before provision for credit losses) and other 
income, excluding gains on sales of loans. 

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and 
related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis also contains forward-
looking statements and should also be read in conjunction with the disclosures and information contained in “Forward-
Looking and Cautionary Statements” and Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Through this discussion and analysis, we intend to provide the reader with some narrative context for how our 

management views our consolidated financial statements, additional context within which to assess our operating results, and 
information on the quality and variability of our earnings, liquidity and cash flows. 

Overview 

The following discussion and analysis presents a review of our business and operations as of and for the year ended 

December 31, 2015.

On April 30, 2014, we completed the Spin-Off and separated pre-Spin-Off SLM into two distinct publicly traded entities: 

Navient and SLM.

For periods before the Spin-Off, the financial information contained herein and in the accompanying consolidated balance 

sheets, statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows is presented on a basis of accounting that reflects a change in 
reporting entity and has been adjusted for the effects of the Spin-Off. These carved-out financial statements and selected 
financial information represent only those operations, assets, liabilities and equity that form SLM on a stand-alone basis. 
Because the Spin-Off occurred on April 30, 2014, these financial statements include the carved-out financial results for the first 
four months of 2014. All prior period amounts represent comparably determined carved-out amounts. The year ended 
December 31, 2015 was the first full year where the financial results did not include the effect of carved-out amounts.

For more information regarding the basis of presentation of these statements, see Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies — Basis of Presentation.” Since the Spin-Off, we have completed the 
operational separation of our servicing platforms and personnel from Navient, established our own new loan originations 
platform, and made changes to policies to further conform to the applicable regulations and procedures of our prudential and 
consumer protection regulators.  While we still have certain ongoing business arrangements with Navient, as well as a transition 
services agreement in effect through at least 2016, we now consider our operational separation from Navient to be complete. 
The following discussion and analysis provides more detail regarding the steps taken and costs incurred to complete this 
operational separation in 2015. For a more detailed description of ongoing arrangements among the Company and Navient, see 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 16, “Arrangements with Navient Corporation.”

Key Financial Measures 

Set forth below are brief summaries of our key financial measures.  Our operating results are primarily driven by net 

interest income from our Private Education Loan portfolio, gains and losses on loan sales, provision expense for credit losses, 
and operating expenses. The growth of our business and the strength of our financial condition are primarily driven by our 
ability to achieve our annual Private Education Loan origination goals while sustaining credit quality and maintaining cost-
efficient funding sources to support our originations.

Net Interest Income

Most of our earnings are generated from the interest income earned on assets in our education loan portfolios, net of the 
interest expense we pay on funds used to originate these loans. We report these earnings as net interest income. We also often 
refer to the net interest margin, which is the net interest yield earned on a portfolio less the rate paid on our related interest 
bearing liabilities. The majority of our interest income comes from our Private Education Loan portfolio. FFELP Loans have a 
lower net interest yield and carry lower risk than Private Education Loans, as a result of the federal government guarantee 
supporting FFELP Loans. We do not expect to acquire more FFELP Loans and the balance of our FFELP Loan portfolio is 
expected to decline due to normal amortization.

38

Loan Sales and Secured Financings

We may sell Private Education Loans to third-parties through an auction process. We retain servicing of these Private 
Education Loans subsequent to their sale and earn revenue for this servicing at prevailing market rates for such services. Selling 
Private Education Loans removes the loan assets from our balance sheet and helps us manage our asset growth, capital and 
liquidity needs.  Alternatively, we may use Private Education Loans as collateral in connection with the creation of asset-backed 
securitizations or securitized commercial paper facilities structured as financings. These types of transactions may provide us 
long-term financing, but they do not remove Private Education Loan assets from our balance sheet, nor do they generate gains 
on sales of loans, net. Consequently, our operating results may be significantly affected by whether we choose to sell loans and 
recognize current gains on sale or continue to hold or finance loans, thereby retaining some or all of the net interest income 
from those loans. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 10, “Private Education Loan Term Securitizations,” for 
further discussion regarding these transactions. We currently do not expect to sell additional loans in 2016, as loan sales 
subsequent to the Spin-Off have generated sufficient capital to support our expected growth for the year.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Management estimates and maintains an allowance for loan losses for Private Education Loans at a level sufficient to 

cover charge-offs expected over the next year, plus an additional allowance to cover life-of-loan expected losses for loans 
classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). Allowances for loan losses are an important indicator of management’s 
perspective on the future performance of a loan portfolio. Each quarter, management makes an adjustment to the allowance for 
loan losses for Private Education Loans to reflect its most up-to-date estimate of future losses by recording a charge against 
quarterly revenues known as provision expense. As they occur, actual loan charge-offs and recoveries are then charged against 
the allowance for loan losses for Private Education Loans rather than against earnings.  

The allowance for loan losses and provision expense rise when future charge-offs are expected to increase and fall when 

charge-offs are expected to decline. We bear the full credit exposure on our Private Education Loans. Losses on our Private 
Education Loans are affected by risk characteristics such as loan status (in-school, grace, forbearance, repayment and 
delinquency), loan seasoning (number of months in active repayment), underwriting criteria (e.g., credit scores), presence of a 
cosigner and the current economic environment. Losses typically emerge once a borrower separates from school and enters full 
principal and interest repayment after the borrower's six month grace period ends. Our experience indicates that approximately 
50 percent of expected losses on loans occur in the first two years after a loan enters full principal and interest repayment. 
Therefore, changes in our allowance for loan losses will be driven in large measure by the amount and age of our loans in full 
principal and interest repayment. As a larger proportion of our portfolio enters full principal and interest repayment in the 
coming years, we would expect charge-offs to increase and the amount of TDRs to increase as well. 

Our allowance for loan losses for FFELP Loans and related periodic provision expense are small because we generally 
bear a maximum of three percent loss exposure due to the federal guarantee. We maintain an allowance for loan losses for our 
FFELP Loans at a level sufficient to cover charge-offs expected over the next two years. 

Charge-Offs and Delinquencies 

Delinquencies are another important indicator of potential future credit performance. When a Private Education Loan 

reaches 120 days delinquent, it is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Charge-off data provides relevant information 
with respect to the actual performance of a loan portfolio over time. Management focuses on delinquencies as well as the 
progression of loans from early to late stage delinquency as a key metric in estimating the allowance for loan losses and 
tailoring its future collections strategies. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank would sell delinquent loans to an entity that is now a 
subsidiary of Navient when the loans became 90 days delinquent. As a result, there were no charge-offs recorded against our 
allowance for loan losses prior to April 1, 2014.  In addition, because loans were sold earlier in their delinquency status prior to 
the Spin-Off, delinquency statistics for those periods are not comparable to those post-Spin-Off and are not indicative of 
expected future performance. Since the Spin-Off, the Bank has been responsible for collecting all delinquent loans and, until 
recently, all charged-off loans were sold to a third-party. In November 2015, we began to retain and collect charged-off loans 
using our own personnel. The levels of delinquencies since the Spin-Off have been additionally affected somewhat by these 
changes in collection approach. In the future, we expect to manage our charged-off loans through a mix of in-house collectors, 
third-party collectors and third-party sales.

39

Operating Expenses

The cost of operating our business directly affects our profitability. Since the Spin-Off, our operating expenses include 

those that are directly attributable to running our business, as well as the costs of building out our servicing and origination 
platforms and establishing the Company as a stand-alone entity. We separately disclose “restructuring and other reorganization 
expenses,” which represent costs we believe are one-time in nature and directly attributable to completing the Spin-Off. 

Since the Spin-Off, we calculated our operating efficiency ratio as total expenses, excluding restructuring and other 
reorganization expenses, divided by net interest income (after provisions for credit losses) and other income. Beginning in 
2016, we intend to calculate and report our operating efficiency ratio as total expenses, excluding restructuring and other 
reorganization expenses, divided by net interest income (before provision for credit losses) and other income, excluding gains 
on sales of loans, net.  We believe this change is necessary to improve visibility into our management of operating expenses 
over time and eliminate any variability the timing of loan sales and credit losses would introduce into this ratio. This 
methodology is more consistent with the calculation used by our peers.  Computed on this basis, for the year ended December 
31, 2015, our operating efficiency ratio would have been 47 percent compared to 45 percent from the year-ago period. Our 
long-term objective is to achieve steady declines in this ratio over the next several years. 

Core Earnings  

We prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, we also produce and report our after-tax earnings 
on a separate basis which we refer to as “Core Earnings.” While pre-Spin-Off SLM also reported a metric by that name, what 
we now report and what we describe below is significantly different and should not be compared to any Core Earnings reported 
by pre-Spin-Off SLM. The difference between our “Core Earnings” and GAAP results for periods presented generally is driven 
by the unrealized, mark-to-market gains (losses) on derivatives contracts recognized in GAAP, but not in “Core Earnings.”

“Core Earnings” recognizes the difference in accounting treatment based upon whether a derivative qualifies for hedge 

accounting treatment and eliminates the earnings impact associated with hedge ineffectiveness and derivatives we use as an 
economic hedge but which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. We enter into derivatives instruments to 
economically hedge interest rate and cash flow risk associated with our portfolio. We believe that our derivatives are effective 
economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management strategy.  Those derivative instruments 
that qualify for hedge accounting treatment have their related cash flows recorded in interest income or interest expense along 
with the hedged item. Hedge ineffectiveness related to these derivatives is recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivatives and 
hedging activities, net.” Some of our derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and the stand-alone derivative 
must be marked-to-fair value in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the 
hedged item.  These gains and losses, recorded in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net,” are primarily 
caused by interest rate volatility and changing credit spreads during the period as well as the volume and term of derivatives not 
receiving hedge accounting treatment.  Cash flows on derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are not 
recorded in interest income and interest expense; they are recorded in non-interest income: “Gains (losses) on derivative and 
hedging activities, net.”

 The adjustments required to reconcile from our “Core Earnings” results to our GAAP results of operations, net of tax, 
relate to differing treatments for our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge 
accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness, net of tax. The amount recorded 
in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” includes the accrual of the current payment on the interest rate 
swaps that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment as well as the change in fair values related to future expected cash 
flows for derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting and ineffectiveness on derivatives that receive hedge accounting 
treatment. For purposes of “Core Earnings”, we are including in GAAP earnings the current period accrual amounts (interest 
reclassification) on the swaps and exclude the remaining ineffectiveness.  “Core Earnings” is meant to represent what earnings 
would have been had these derivatives qualified for hedge accounting and there was no ineffectiveness. 

“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We provide “Core Earnings” basis of presentation 

because (i) earnings per share computed on a “Core Earnings” basis is one of several measures we utilize in establishing 
management incentive compensation and (ii) we believe it better reflects the financial results for derivatives that are economic 
hedges of interest rate risk but which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting. Our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation differs from 

GAAP in the way it treats derivatives as described above. 

40

The following table shows the amount in “Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” that relates to the 

interest reclassification on the derivative contracts. 

Years Ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

2015

2014

2013

Hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses) . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

1,268

$

1,198

$

(558)

Unrealized gains (losses) on instruments not in a
hedging relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interest reclassification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging
activities, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

581

3,451

(2,944)

(2,250)

(87)

1,285

5,300

$

(3,996) $

640

The following table reflects adjustments associated with our derivative activities. 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

2015

2014

2013

Years Ended December 31,

“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

GAAP net income attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GAAP net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock . .

$

$

274,284
19,595
254,689

$

$

194,219
12,933
181,286

$

$

258,945
—
258,945

Adjustments:
Net impact of derivative accounting(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net tax effect(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation common stock. . . .

GAAP diluted earnings per common share. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Derivative adjustments, net of tax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(1,849)

(711)

(1,138)

253,551

0.59

—

$

$

1,746

659

1,087

182,373

0.42

—

$

$

0.59

$

0.42

$

645

246

399

259,344

0.58

—

0.58

$

$

$

______
(1) Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses caused by the mark-to-market 
valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, as well as the periodic unrealized 
gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP.  Under GAAP, for our 
derivatives held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0. 

(2) “Core Earnings” tax rate is based on the effective tax rate at the Bank where the derivative instruments are held. 

41

 
Private Education Loan Originations

Private Education Loans are the principal asset on our balance sheet, and the amount of new Private Education Loan 

originations we generate each year is a key indicator of the trajectory of our business, including our future earnings and asset 
growth. 

Funding Sources

Deposits 

We utilize brokered, retail and other core deposits to meet funding needs and enhance our liquidity position. These 
deposits can be term or liquid deposits. Term brokered deposits may have terms as long as seven years. Interest rates on most of 
our long-term deposits are swapped into one-month LIBOR. This structure has the effect of matching our interest rate exposure 
to the index our assets reset on, thereby minimizing our financing cost exposure to interest rate risk. Retail deposits are sourced 
through a direct banking platform and serve as an important source of diversified funding. Brokered deposits are sourced 
through a network of brokers and provide a stable source of funding. In addition, we accept certain deposits that are considered 
non-brokered that are held in large accounts structured to allow FDIC insurance to flow through to underlying individual 
depositors. 

Loan Securitizations 

We have diversified our funding sources by issuing term ABS and by entering into a Private Education Loan asset-backed 

commercial paper facility (the “ABCP Facility”). Term ABS financing provides long-term funding for our Private Education 
Loan portfolio at attractive interest rates and at terms that effectively match the average life of the assets. Loans associated with 
these transactions will remain on our balance sheet if we retain the residual interest in these trusts. The ABCP Facility provides 
an extremely flexible source of funds that can be drawn upon on short notice to meet funding needs within the Bank. 
Borrowings under our ABCP Facility are accounted for as secured financings. 

2015 Management Objectives 

For 2015, we set out five major goals to create shareholder value. They were: (1) prudently grow Private Education Loan 
assets and revenues; (2) maintain our strong capital position; (3) complete necessary steps to permit the Bank to independently 
originate and service Private Education Loans; (4) continue to expand the Bank's capabilities and enhance risk oversight and 
internal controls; and (5) manage operating expenses while improving efficiency and customer experience. 

The following describes our performance relative to each of these goals.

Prudently Grow Private Education Loan Assets and Revenues   

We originated $4.3 billion in new Private Education Loans in 2015, compared with $4.1 billion in 2014, an increase of 6 

percent. This growth in originations was accomplished while maintaining our FICO scores and cosigner rates on our 2015 
originations at levels basically unchanged from those at which we ended 2014.  The average origination FICO scores were 748 
and 749, respectively, for originations made in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The cosigner rate was 90 percent 
for originations made in the each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. In 2015, we expanded our campus-focused 
sales force to provide deeper support for universities in all regions of the United States.

We also grew our revenues by selling $1.5 billion of Private Education Loans to third-parties. We recorded gains of 

$135 million on those sales. 

Our allowance for loan losses for Private Education Loans was $109 million at December 31, 2015, compared to 
$79 million at the prior year-end. The provision expense on our Private Education Loans was $87 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2015, compared to $84 million in 2014. 

42

Maintain Our Strong Capital Position

The Bank is required by its regulators, the UDFI and the FDIC, to maintain sufficient capital to support its assets and 
operations. At December 31, 2015, the Bank had a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 14.4 percent, a Tier 1 risk-
based capital ratio of 14.4 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 15.4 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 12.3 percent, 
which are each well in excess of the current “well-capitalized” standard for insured depository institutions and in line with the 
levels established by the Bank's Board of Directors. For a further discussion of regulatory capital requirements, see Item 7, 
“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources 
— Regulatory Capital” in this Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. We were able to successfully support our 
capital levels, in part, through active participation in the capital markets during 2015, our first full year since the Spin-Off.

 Complete Necessary Steps to Permit the Bank to Independently Originate and Service Private Education Loans

In 2015, we implemented the final phase of the Bank’s new loan origination platform and are now processing all of our 
new loan originations through this platform. At the time of this filing, the Bank continues to rely on Navient for disbursement 
capabilities and for limited loan origination capabilities provided under agreements entered into with Navient in connection 
with the Spin-Off. The year ended December 31, 2015 also was the first full year in which we serviced all of our Private 
Education Loans with our own post-Spin-Off personnel and platforms. After the Spin-Off, the Bank typically sold charged-off 
loans to third-parties for collection. In the latter half of 2015, however, the Bank developed the ability to retain and collect those 
loans using its own personnel. We now consider our operational separation from Navient to be complete. 

Continue to Expand the Bank’s Capabilities and Enhance Risk Oversight and Internal Controls

In 2015, we undertook significant work to establish that all functions, policies and procedures transferred to the Bank in 

the Spin-Off are sufficient to meet applicable bank and consumer protection regulatory standards. For 2015, we continued, 
completed or launched the following key initiatives:

•  Completed the adoption of the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) with respect to our internal controls over financial reporting. 

•  Continued the build-out of our Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program and established the foundation for our 

2016 Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (“DFAST”) submission and, in connection therewith, took steps to enhance our 
model risk management process. 

• 

• 

Implemented a new enterprise-wide governance framework and launched a manager’s risk and control self -
assessment methodology. 

Strengthened our Internal Audit function by adding eight additional professional staff, implementing several new 
automated systems, and significantly increasing the professional certifications of Internal Audit's staff members. We 
also received a favorable opinion from an independent accounting firm engaged to conduct an external quality 
assessment of the Internal Audit function, in accordance with internal audit industry standards.

•  Made changes and enhancements to our compliance management system and program and related consumer protection 
processes and procedures.  Our redesigned SCRA process and procedures have now received the approval of the DOJ. 
In 2014, we engaged a third-party firm to conduct independent audits of consumer protection processes and 
procedures, including our own compliance management system. At this time, that engagement is ongoing and we are 
beginning our second full cycle of those audits. To date, we have received no high-risk findings.  

Manage Operating Expenses While Improving Efficiency and Customer Experience 

Operating expenses, excluding restructuring and other reorganization expenses, were $351 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2015, as compared with $278 million for the prior year.  Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were 
$5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared with $38 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. 

In 2015, we completed the implementation of our new loan originations platform, moved all customer service for our 
Private Education Loan portfolio back to the United States, and implemented upgrades and improvements to our mobile and 
loan management capabilities. On-shoring all Private Education Loan customer service and enhancing our mobile capabilities 
represent significant investments to enhance the overall customer experience and deliver to our customers the access they 

43

expect to their account information. The costs related to these investments contributed significantly to our increase in operating 
expenses for the year. However, we expect these investments to result in increased customer satisfaction, higher loan 
originations and more efficient operations in years to come.

2016 Management Objectives 

Having now substantially completed both the legal and operational separation of our business from Navient, in 2016 we 

intend to devote ourselves to further growing our business and improving our customers’ experience. We plan to do so by 
further simplifying and expediting the delivery of our products and services and incrementally adding to our product offerings 
to reinforce and expand our existing customer relationships and foster new ones.

For 2016, we have set out the following major goals for ourselves: (1) prudently grow our Private Education Loan assets 
and revenues; (2) maintain our strong capital position; (3) enhance our customers’ experience by further improving the delivery 
of our products and services; (4) sustain the consumer protection improvements we have made to our policies, procedures and 
compliance management system since the Spin-Off and further enhance our risk oversight infrastructure; (5) successfully 
launch one or more complementary new products to increase the level of engagement we have with our customers; and (6) 
manage operating expenses while improving efficiency. Here is how we plan to achieve these objectives:

Prudently Grow Private Education Loan Assets and Revenues

We will continue to pursue managed growth in our Private Education Loan portfolio in 2016 by leveraging our Sallie Mae 

and Upromise brands and our relationship with more than two thousand colleges and universities. We recently expanded our 
campus-focused sales force to provide deeper support for universities in all regions of the United States and, as a result, we 
expect to be able to continue to increase originations through this effort. We are determined to maintain overall credit quality 
and cosigner rates in our Smart Option Student Loan originations. In 2016, we expect to introduce a Private Education Loan 
product permitting parents to borrow and fund their children's education without a student co-borrower ("Parent Loans"). As 
our business, capital and balance sheet continue to grow, we also expect to be able to achieve our annual Private Education 
Loan origination targets for the year without having to sell loans to third-parties. 

Maintain Our Strong Capital Position

We intend to maintain levels of capital at the Bank that significantly exceed those necessary to be considered “well 

capitalized” by the FDIC. The Company is a source of strength for the Bank and will obtain or provide additional capital as, 
and if, necessary to the Bank. We regularly evaluate the quality of assets, stability of earnings, and adequacy of our allowance 
for loan losses, and we continue to believe our existing capital levels are sufficient to support the Bank’s plan for significant 
growth over the next several years while remaining “well capitalized.” As our balance sheet grows in 2016, these ratios will 
decline but will remain significantly in excess of the capital levels required to be considered “well capitalized” by our 
regulators. We do not plan to pay a common stock dividend or repurchase shares in 2016 (except to repurchase common stock 
acquired as a result of taxes withheld in connection with award exercises and vesting under our employee stock based 
compensation plans). 

44

Enhance Customers' Experience By Further Improving Delivery of Products and Services

The Spin-Off provided us the opportunity to redesign our processes, procedures and customer experiences exclusively 

around our Private Education Loan products, rather than accommodating the servicing of those products as well as FFELP and 
Direct Student Loans serviced under direction of the Department of Education. In 2016, we will again focus on our new 
servicing platform and processes to specifically target further simplifications regarding important transitions in the life cycle of 
our customers’ Private Education Loan experience, including:

• 

Procedures followed and technology used by our customer service agents;

•  Online functionality available to our customers; and

•  Communications to our customers.

Sustain Consumer Protection Improvements Made Since the Spin-Off and Further Enhance Our Risk Oversight 
Infrastructure

Since the Spin-Off, we have continued to undertake significant work to establish that all customer protection policies, 
procedures and compliance management systems are sufficient to meet or exceed currently applicable regulatory standards. Our 
redesigned SCRA processes and procedures have now received the approval of the DOJ and we expect all required restitution 
activities under the FDIC Consent Order and DOJ Consent Order will be completed in 2016. In 2014, we engaged a third-party 
firm to conduct independent audits of consumer protection processes and procedures, including our own compliance 
management system. At this time, that engagement is ongoing and we are beginning our second full cycle of those audits. To 
date, these audits have produced no high risk findings. Our goal is to sustain the improvements implemented to date and 
consistently comply with or exceed regulatory standards while continuing to improve our customers’ experience and 
satisfaction levels.

We must also further embed the Enterprise Risk Management disciplines throughout our organization and execute our 

initial DFAST submission.

Successfully Launch One or More Complementary New Products to Increase Level of Engagement With Customers.

In 2015, our management team gave consideration to beginning to expand the suite of products we provide to 
customers.  Given our limited time and experience with our new originations platform and servicing capabilities, we prioritized 
opportunities to focus first on those that can leverage our core competencies and capabilities, rather than require the 
development or acquisition of new or alternative ones. For example, we will leverage our experience with our Smart Option 
Student Loan products to launch a Parent Loan program designed for parents who wish to separately finance their children’s 
education, rather than cosign loans with their children. We believe there is a market for this product that is separate from the 
Smart Option Student Loan market, and we believe our product will be a competitive alternative to PLUS loans being offered 
by the Department of Education. This product complements our portfolio of Private Education Loan offerings, but is not 
expected to have a material impact on 2016 earnings. 

We will also be exploring other product opportunities in 2016. In this process, we also place a high premium on designing 

and launching products that will be easily understood and attractive to our customers. Any activity in 2016 will focus on 
success of implementation, and we are not forecasting significant contributions to our originations, revenues or net income from 
any potential new products in 2016.

Manage Operating Expenses While Improving Efficiency

We will continue to measure our effectiveness in managing operating expenses by monitoring our efficiency ratio. Our 

efficiency ratio will be calculated by dividing our total expenses, excluding restructuring costs and other reorganization 
expenses, by net interest income (before provision for credit losses) and other income, excluding gains on sales of loans, net. 
We expect this ratio to decline steadily over the next several years as the number of loans on which we earn either net interest 
income or servicing revenue grows to a level commensurate with our loan origination platform and we control the growth of 
our expense base. 

45

 
Results of Operations 

We present the results of operations below first on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

 GAAP Statements of Income

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Interest income:

Years Ended December 31,
2014

2013

2015

Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

817

$

661

$

527

$

Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total interest expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: provisions for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . .

Net interest income after provisions for credit
losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-interest income:

Gains on sales of loans, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains on sales of securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging
activities, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total non-interest income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expenses:

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquired intangible asset impairment and
amortization expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restructuring and other reorganization
expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income before income tax expense . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling
interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM
Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation
common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic earnings per common share
attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . .

Diluted earnings per common share
attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

10

4

831

129

702

90

612

135

—

5

43

183

349

2

5

356

439

165

274

—

274

19

255

0.60

0.59

$

$

$

20

4

551

89

462

69

393

197

64

1

36

298

270

3

1

274

417

159

258

(1)

259

—

259

0.59

0.58

$

$

$

$

$

$

9

4

674

96

578

85

493

121

—

(4)

40

157

275

3

38

316

334

140

194

—

194

13

181

0.43

0.42

46

Increase (Decrease)

2015 vs. 2014
%
$

2014 vs. 2013
%
$

156

1

—

157

33

124

5

119

14

—

9

3

26

74

(1)

(33)

40

105

25

80

—

80

6

74

0.17

0.17

24%

$

11

—

23

34

21

6

24

12

—

(225)

8

17

27

(33)

(87)

13

31

18

41

—

41

46

134

(11)

—

123

7

116

16

100

(76)

(64)

(5)

4

(141)

5

—

37

42

(83)

(19)

(64)

25 %

(55)

—

22

8

25

23

25

(39)

(100)

(500)

11

(47)

2

—

3,700

15

(20)

(12)

(25)

1

(100)

(65)

13

(25)

—

41%

40%

40%

$

$

$

(78)

(30)%

(0.16)

(27)%

(0.16)

(28)%

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAAP Consolidated Earnings Summary 

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2014 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, net income was $274 million, or $.59 diluted earnings per common share, 
compared with net income of $194 million, or $.42 diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2014. 
The increase in net income was primarily due to a $124 million increase in net interest income and a $14 million increase in net 
gains on sales of loans, which were partially offset by a $40 million increase in total expenses.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of change in net income for the current year period compared 

with the year-ago period are as follows:

•  Net interest income increased by $124 million primarily due to a $2.3 billion increase in average Private Education 
Loans outstanding and a 22 basis point increase in net interest margin. Net interest margin increased primarily as a 
result of an increase in the ratio of higher yielding Private Education Loans relative to our other interest earning assets, 
which more than offset a 14 basis point increase in our cost of funds. Cost of funds increased primarily as a result of 
the use of higher cost funding such as our ABCP Facility and the issuance of $631 million in term ABS financing to 
third-parties in July 2015 (which term ABS financing has a significantly longer average life and higher cost than 
deposit funding). Costs of funds were also higher in 2015 because several interest rate swaps that were not designated 
for hedge accounting treatment for seven months of 2014 were designated for the full year of 2015. Therefore, all 
interest costs associated with these hedges were included in the cost of funds in 2015, as opposed to only five months 
of interest costs in 2014.

• 

Provisions for credit losses increased $5 million compared with the year-ago period. This increase was primarily as a 
result of a $1.3 billion increase in Private Education Loans in repayment and a $206 million increase in Private 
Education Loans classified as TDRs (where we provide for life-of-loan losses).  The impact on provision expense from 
loan sales in 2014 compared with 2015 was greater because we sold $306 million more in credit impaired loans in 
2014 than in 2015.  When we sell a credit impaired loan at a loss, the loss is recorded as additional provision expense.  
Also included in 2014 provision expense was a $14 million benefit from the change in our charge-off policy.

•  Gains on sales of loans, net, increased $14 million.   In 2015, we sold $1.5 billion of loans through Private Education 
Loan sales and a securitization transaction with third-parties. As a result, we recorded gains of $135 million. In 2014, 
we sold $1.9 billion of loans through Private Education Loan sales and a securitization transaction with third-parties 
and recorded gains of $121 million. Gains on sales of loans, net, were higher in the current period as these loans were 
sold at a higher price.

•  Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net, resulted in a net gain of $5 million in 2015 compared with a 
loss of $4 million in the year-ago period.  The primary factors affecting the change were interest rates and whether 
derivatives qualified for hedge accounting treatment. In 2015, we used more derivatives to economically hedge risk 
that qualified for hedge accounting treatment than we did in the year-ago period.  

•  Operating expenses were $349 million compared with $275 million in the year-ago period. The year-over-year 

increase in operating expenses was primarily the result of increased personnel costs related to being a stand-alone 
company and an increase in loans serviced for the Company and third-parties. In addition, we made investments in our 
servicing platform to improve customer service, such as expanding weekend service hours and improved response 
times. Operating expenses in 2014 benefited from an $8 million reversal of reserves for remediation costs relating to 
the FDIC Consent Order. 

•  Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $5 million compared with $38 million in the year-ago period. 

The decrease was primarily the result of the wind-down of our separation efforts related to the Spin-Off. 

•  The effective tax rate decreased to 37.5 percent in 2015 from 41.9 percent in 2014. The decrease in the effective tax 
rate for 2015 was primarily the result of additional reserves recorded in fourth-quarter 2014 related to uncertain 
historical tax positions and the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions and lower state tax rates in 2015, as a 
result of the favorable outcome of several state matters.

47

Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2013 

For the year ended December 31, 2014, net income was $194 million, or $.42 diluted earnings per common share, 
compared with net income of $259 million, or $.58 diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2013. 
The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $76 million decrease in net gains on sales of loans, a $64 million decrease in 
gains on sales of securities, a $16 million increase in provisions for credit losses and a $42 million increase in total expenses, 
which were partially offset by a $116 million increase in net interest income.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for 2014 compared with 2013 are as 

follows:

•  Net interest income increased by $116 million primarily due to a $1.6 billion increase in average Private Education 
Loans outstanding and a 20 basis point increase in net interest margin. Net interest margin increased 20 basis points 
primarily as a result of an increase in the proportion of higher yielding Private Education Loans in our loan portfolio.

• 

Provisions for credit losses increased $16 million compared with 2013 primarily as a result of a $13 million increase in 
charge-offs during 2014, an increase in the amount of TDRs entered into during 2014 (where we provide for life-of-
loan losses), an increase in the percentage of loans in full principal and interest repayment and the effect of fewer loan 
sales. These amounts were partially offset by a $14 million benefit from the net effect of a change in our loss 
emergence period from two years to one year and a change in our charge-off policy that was recorded in the second 
quarter of 2014. 

•  Gains on sales of loans, net, decreased $76 million. In 2014, we sold $1.9 billion of loans through Private Education 
Loan sales and a securitization transaction with third-parties. As a result, we recorded gains of $121 million. In 2013, 
we recorded $197 million in gains from the sale of $2.4 billion of loans to an entity that is now a subsidiary of 
Navient. Gains on sales of loans, net, were higher in 2013 as a result of a larger volume of loans sold and those loans 
were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient at a higher price.

•  Gains on sales of securities, net decreased $64 million in 2014 compared with 2013 because there were no sales in 

2014 and a $585 million sale of securities in 2013.  The securities sold in 2013 were ABS backed by FFELP Loans and 
were originally contributed by the Company to the Bank in 2008.  

•  Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net, resulted in a net loss of $4 million in 2014 compared with a 
gain of $1 million in 2013. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rates and whether the derivative 
qualified for hedge accounting treatment. In 2014, we had more derivatives used to economically hedge risk that did 
not qualify for hedge accounting treatment than we did in 2013.  

•  Operating expenses were $275 million in 2014 compared with $270 million in 2013. Operating expenses increased in 
2014 due to increased servicing and marketing costs as well as increased personnel and other costs related to being a 
stand-alone company. In addition, in 2013 we recorded an $11 million reserve for estimated remediation costs relating 
to the FDIC Consent Order.  In 2014, we reversed approximately $8 million of that reserve based upon the final 
determination of the Bank’s liability.

•  Restructuring and other reorganization expenses in 2014 were $38 million compared with $1 million in 2013. The 

increase was primarily the result of costs related to the Spin-Off.

•  The increase in 2014's effective tax rate to 41.9 percent from 38.2 percent in 2013 was primarily the result of 

additional reserves related to uncertain tax positions and additional state tax expense as a result of the Spin-Off. 

48

Financial Condition 

Average Balance Sheets - GAAP 

The following table reflects the rates earned on interest-earning assets and paid on interest-bearing liabilities and reflects 

our net interest margin on a consolidated basis.  

(Dollars in thousands)
Average Assets
Private Education Loans . . . .
FFELP Loans . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxable securities . . . . . . . . .

Cash and other short-term
investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total interest-earning assets .

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Balance 

Rate 

Balance 

Rate 

Balance 

Rate 

$ 9,819,053
1,179,723
395,720

7.93% $ 7,563,356
1,353,497
3.26
331,479
2.59

8.16% $ 5,996,651
1,142,979
3.24
523,883
2.68

1,423,090
12,817,586

0.26
6.48%

1,746,839
10,995,171

0.26
6.13%

1,473,392
9,136,905

8.16%
3.32
3.75

0.30
6.03%

Non-interest-earning assets . .

660,621

549,237

463,584

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 13,478,207

$ 11,544,408

$ 9,600,489

Average Liabilities and
Equity
Brokered deposits . . . . . . . . .
Retail and other deposits . . . .
Other interest-bearing 
liabilities(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total interest-bearing
liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 6,640,078
3,862,879

1.19% $ 5,588,569
3,593,817
0.95

1.12% $ 5,015,201
2,675,879
0.92

1.24%
0.96

399,907

3.27

26,794

0.91

120,546

0.92

10,902,864

1.18%

9,209,180

1.04%

7,811,626

1.14%

Non-interest-bearing
liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities and equity. . .

622,983
1,952,360
$ 13,478,207

727,806
1,607,422
$ 11,544,408

588,586
1,200,277
$ 9,600,489

Net interest margin . . . . . . . .

5.48%

5.26%  

5.06%  

_________________

(1)  

For the year ended December 31, 2015, includes the average balance of our secured borrowings and 
amortization expense of transaction costs related to our ABCP Facility.

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rate/Volume Analysis - GAAP 

The following rate/volume analysis shows the relative contribution of changes in interest rates and asset volumes. 

(Dollars in thousands)

Increase
(Decrease)

Change Due To(1)

Rate 

Volume

2015 vs. 2014
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net interest income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 156,824
32,804
$ 124,020

$ 40,302
13,817
$ 24,943

$ 116,522
18,987
99,077

$

2014 vs. 2013
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net interest income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 123,094
6,730
$ 116,364

$ 9,270
(8,468)
$ 17,738

$ 113,824
15,198
98,978

$

(1)  

Changes in income and expense due to both rate and volume have been allocated in proportion to the 
relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. The changes in income and expense are 
calculated independently for each line in the table. The totals for the rate and volume columns are not the 
sum of the individual lines. 

Summary of Our Education Loan Portfolio 

Ending Education Loan Balances, net 

(Dollars in thousands)

Total education loan portfolio:

In-school(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grace, repayment and other(2) .
Total, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Private
Education
Loans 

FFELP
Loans

Total 
Portfolio

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

$

2,823,035

$

582

$

2,823,617

$

2,548,721

$

1,185

$

2,549,906

7,773,402

10,596,437

1,115,081

1,115,663

8,888,483

11,712,100

5,762,655

8,311,376

1,263,622

1,264,807

7,026,277

9,576,183

Deferred origination costs and
unamortized premium . . . . . . . . . .

27,884

Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . .

(108,816)

3,114

(3,691)

30,998

(112,507)

13,845

(78,574)

3,600

(5,268)

17,445

(83,842)

Total education loan portfolio. . . .

$ 10,515,505

$

1,115,086

$ 11,630,591

$

8,246,647

$

1,263,139

$

9,509,786

% of total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90%

10%

100%

87%

13%

100%

_________

(1)   
(2)  

Loans for customers still attending school and who are not yet required to make payments on the loan. 

Includes loans in deferment or forbearance. 

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)

Total education loan portfolio:

In-school(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grace, repayment and other(2) .
Total, gross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred origination costs and
unamortized premium . . . . . . . . .

Allowance for loan losses . . . . . .

December 31, 2013

Private
Education
Loans 

FFELP
Loans

Total 
Portfolio

$ 2,191,445

$

2,477

$ 2,193,922

4,371,897

6,563,342

1,424,495

1,426,972

5,796,392

7,990,314

5,063

(61,763)

4,081

(6,318)

9,144

(68,081)

Total education loan portfolio . . .

$ 6,506,642

$

1,424,735

$ 7,931,377

% of total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82%

18%

100%

_________

(1)   Loans for customers still attending school and who are not yet required to make payments on the loan. 
(2)   Includes loans in deferment or forbearance. 

(Dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2012

December 31, 2011

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Total education loan portfolio . . .

$ 5,447,699

$ 1,039,755

$ 6,487,454

$ 5,062,788

$

239,452

$ 5,302,240

% of total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84%

16%

100%

95%

5%

100%

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Education Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount) 

Years Ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

2015

2014

2013

Private Education Loans . . .

$ 9,819,053

89% $ 7,563,356

85% $ 5,996,651

FFELP Loans . . . . . . . . . . .

1,179,723

11

1,353,497

15

1,142,979

84%

16

Total portfolio . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 10,998,776

100% $ 8,916,853

100% $ 7,139,630

100%

Education Loan Activity 

(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisitions and originations . . . . . . . . .

Capitalized interest and deferred
origination cost premium amortization . .
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31, 2015

 Private
Education
Loans
$ 8,246,647
4,366,651

FFELP
Loans
$ 1,263,139
—

Total
Portfolio
$ 9,509,786
4,366,651

239,330
(1,412,015)

39,743
—

279,073
(1,412,015)

Loan consolidation to third-parties . . . . .
Repayments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(75,369)
(849,739)
$ 10,515,505

(43,087)
(144,709)
$ 1,115,086

(118,456)
(994,448)
$ 11,630,591

(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisitions and originations . . . . . . . . .

Capitalized interest and deferred
origination cost premium amortization . .
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31, 2014 

 Private
Education
Loans
$ 6,506,642
4,087,320

FFELP
Loans
$ 1,424,735
7,470

Total
Portfolio
$ 7,931,377
4,094,790

170,306
(1,873,414)

46,093
(7,654)

216,399
(1,881,068)

Loan consolidation to third-parties . . . . .
Repayments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(14,811)
(629,396)
$ 8,246,647

(41,760)
(165,745)
$ 1,263,139

(56,571)
(795,141)
$ 9,509,786

52

 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisitions and originations . . . . . . . . .

Capitalized interest and deferred
origination cost premium amortization . .
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31, 2013

 Private
Education
Loans
$ 5,447,699
3,803,262

FFELP
Loans
$ 1,039,755
478,384

Total
Portfolio
$ 6,487,454
4,281,646

112,122
(2,347,521)

49,313
(1,182)

161,435
(2,348,703)

Loan consolidation to third-parties . . . . .
Repayments and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(13,445)
(495,475)
$ 6,506,642

(23,456)
(118,079)
$ 1,424,735

(36,901)
(613,554)
$ 7,931,377

Private Education Loan Originations 

The following table summarizes our Private Education Loan originations. 

Years Ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)
Smart Option - interest only(1) . . . . . . .
Smart Option - fixed pay(1) . . . . . . . . .
Smart Option - deferred(1) . . . . . . . . . .
Smart Option - principal and interest .

2015
$ 1,075,260
1,350,680
1,902,729
1,727

%
25% $
31
44
—

2014
998,612
1,256,978
1,817,011
3,347

%
25% $
31
44
—

2013
942,568
1,184,073
1,666,547
1,347

%
25%
31
44
—

Total Private Education Loan
originations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 4,330,396

100% $ 4,075,948

100% $ 3,794,535

100%

________
(1)   

Interest only, fixed pay and deferred describe the payment option while in school or in grace period. See Item 1. “Business - 
Our Business - Private Education Loans” for further discussion. 

53

 
 
 
  
 
Allowance for Loan Losses

Education Loan Allowance for Loan Losses Activity 

2015

2014

2013

Years Ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Beginning balance. . . . . . .

$ 78,574

$

5,268

$ 83,842

$ 61,763

$

6,318

$ 68,081

$ 65,218

$

3,971

$ 69,189

Less:

Charge-offs(1) . . . . . . . . .
Loan Sales(2). . . . . . . . . .

Plus:

—

—

1,005

(55,357)

(2,582)

(57,939)

(2,996)

(17,438)

—

(2,037)

(2,037)

(7,565)

(7,565)

—

(53,485)

(68,410)

(14,442)

(53,485)

—

—

(68,410)

—

Recoveries. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,820

87,344

5,820

88,349

1,155

83,583

—

1,946

1,155

85,529

—

64,955

4,384

69,339

Ending balance . . . . . . . . .

$ 108,816

$

3,691

$112,507

$ 78,574

$

5,268

$ 83,842

$ 61,763

$

6,318

$ 68,081

Troubled debt 
restructuring(3) . . . . . . .

$ 265,831

$

— $265,831

$ 60,278

$

— $ 60,278

$

— $

— $

—

Years Ended December 31,

2012

2011

(Dollars in thousands)

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Private
Education
Loans

FFELP
Loans

Total
Portfolio

Beginning balance. . . . . . .

$ 69,090

$

402

$ 69,492

$ 49,738

$

201

$ 49,939

Less:

Charge-offs(1) . . . . . . . . .
Loan Sales(2). . . . . . . . . .

—

(100)

(100)

—

(66,319)

—

(66,319)

(65,685)

(98)

—

(98)

(65,685)

Plus:

Recoveries. . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

—

Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62,447

3,669

66,116

85,037

Ending balance . . . . . . . . .

$ 65,218

$

3,971

$ 69,189

$ 69,090

$

—

299

402

—

85,336

$ 69,492

Troubled debt 
restructuring(3) . . . . . . .

_________

$

— $

— $

— $

— $

— $

—

(1) 

Prior to the Spin-Off, we sold all loans greater than 90 days delinquent to an entity 
that is now a subsidiary of Navient Corporation, prior to being charged-off. 
Consequently, many of the pre-Spin-Off, historical credit indicators and period-over-
period trends are not comparable and may not be indicative of future performance.

(2)  Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.

(3)  Represents the recorded investment of loans classified as troubled debt restructuring. 

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Education Loan Allowance for Loan Losses 

In establishing the allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of December 31, 2015, we considered several factors 
with respect to our Private Education Loan portfolio, in particular, credit quality and delinquency, forbearance and charge-off 
trends. 

Private Education Loan provision for credit losses increased $4 million compared with the year-ago period. This increase 
was primarily the result of a $1.3 billion increase in loans in repayment and a $206 million increase in loans classified as TDRs 
for which we hold a life-of-loan allowance. The impact on provision expense from loan sales in 2014 compared with 2015 was 
greater because we sold $306 million more in credit impaired loans in 2014 than in 2015. When we sell a credit impaired loan 
at a loss, the loss is recorded as additional provision expense.  Also included in 2014 provision expense was a $14 million 
benefit from the change in our charge-off policy. For the first four months of 2014, we did not have TDRs, loans in forbearance 
or a significant amount of loans that were more than 90 days past due because we typically sold loans to an affiliate prior to any 
restructuring and when they became 90 days delinquent. As a result of this past practice, there were no charge-off or recoveries 
of defaulted loans prior to April 30, 2014.

Total loans delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have increased to 2.2 percent from 2.0 percent in the year-
ago period.  Loans in forbearance (as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance) have increased to 3.4 percent from 
2.6 percent in the year-ago period. The increase in the delinquency rate and loans in forbearance was primarily due to the 
significant increase in loans in full principal and interest repayment status, which increased to 35 percent of our total portfolio 
at December 31, 2015 from 28 percent of our total portfolio at December 31, 2014.  

For a more detailed discussion of our policy for determining the collectability of Private Education Loans and 

maintaining our allowance for Private Education Loan losses, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates — Allowance for Loan Losses.” 

Our default aversion strategies are focused on the final stages of delinquency. Pre-Spin-Off, these final stages were from 

150 days to 212 days delinquent. As a result of changing our corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of 
potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, the final stages of delinquency and our default aversion strategies now focus 
more on loans 30 to 120 days delinquent. This change has the effect of accelerating the recognition of losses due to the shorter 
charge-off period. In addition, we changed our loss emergence period from two years to one year to reflect the shorter charge-
off policy and our revised servicing practices. A loss emergence period represents the expected period between the first 
occurrence of an event likely to cause a loss on a loan and the date the loan is expected to be charged off, taking into 
consideration account management practices that affect the timing of a loss, such as the usage of forbearance. 

In connection with the Spin-Off, the agreement under which the Bank previously made loan sales was amended so the 

Bank now only has the right to require Navient to purchase loans (at fair value) where (a) the borrower has a lending 
relationship with both the Bank and Navient (“Split Loans”) and (b) the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; 
(2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than six months of administrative 
forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At December 31, 2015, we held approximately 
$89 million of Split Loans.

For the reasons described above, many of our historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not indicative 

of future performance. The following results have not been adjusted to reflect what the delinquencies, charge-offs and 
recoveries would have been had we not sold these loans. Because we now retain more delinquent loans, we believe it could take 
up to two years after the date of the Spin-Off transaction before our credit performance indicators provide meaningful period-
over-period comparisons.

55

The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends. Loans in repayment includes loans on which 

borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment 
status after any applicable grace period.

(Dollars in thousands)
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in forbearance(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:

Loans current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3). . . . . . .
Total Private Education Loans in repayment. . . . . . . . .
Total Private Education Loans, gross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private Education Loan deferred origination costs . . . .
Total Private Education Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private Education Loan allowance for losses . . . . . . . .
Private Education Loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

97.8%
1.3
0.6
0.3
100.0%

2015

Balance
$ 3,427,964
241,207

6,773,095
91,129
42,048
20,994
6,927,266
10,596,437
27,884
10,624,321
(108,816)
$ 10,515,505

December 31,

2014

%

Balance
$ 3,027,143
135,018

2013

Balance
$ 2,574,711
16,314

%

99.0%
0.7
0.3
—
100.0%

5,045,600
63,873
29,041
10,701
5,149,215
8,311,376
13,845
8,325,221
(78,574)
$ 8,246,647

98.0%
1.2
0.6
0.2
100.0%

3,933,143
28,854
10,280
40
3,972,317
6,563,342
5,063
6,568,405
(61,763)
$ 6,506,642

Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment . .

65.4%  

62.0%

60.5%

Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education
Loans in repayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private
Education Loans in repayment and forbearance . . . . . .

2.2%  

3.4%  

2.0%

2.6%

1.0%

0.4%

_________
(1)    Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make 

payments on their loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation). 

(2)  

(3)  

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full 
payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures. 

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. 

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, 35 percent and 28 percent, respectively, of our portfolio of Private Education Loans had 

entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace periods. 

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses. 

(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provision for Private Education Loan losses . . . . . . . . . .
Net charge-offs:
   Charge-offs(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
   Recoveries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan sales(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

2015
78,574
87,344

(55,357)
5,820
(49,537)
(7,565)
108,816

$

$

Years Ended December 31,
2013
65,218
64,955

2014
61,763
83,583

$

$

(14,442)
1,155
(13,287)
(53,485)
78,574

$

—
—
—
(68,410)
61,763

$

2012
69,090
62,447

—
—
—
(66,319)
65,218

$

$

2011
49,738
85,037

—
—
—
(65,685)
69,090

Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans. . . . . . .

Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans in 
repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in 
repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delinquencies as a percentage of ending loans in
repayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in forbearances as a percentage of ending loans
in repayment and forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of loans with a cosigner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average FICO at origination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending total loans, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average loans in repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending loans in repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 _______

1.03%

1.57%
2.20

0.82%

0.95%

1.53%
5.91

0.30%

0.94%

1.55%
-

-

1.18%

1.74%
-

-

1.34%

1.63%
-

-

2.23%

2.01%

0.99%

1.19%

1.70%

3.36%
89.80%
748
$10,596,437
$ 6,031,741
$ 6,927,266

2.56%
89.82%
749
$ 8,311,376
$ 4,495,709
$ 5,149,215

0.41%
89.87%
745
$ 6,563,342
$ 3,509,502
$ 3,972,317

0.24%
89.81%
746
$ 5,507,908
$ 3,928,692
$ 3,750,223

0.10%
88.84%
748
$ 5,172,369
$ 3,832,531
$ 4,249,703

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Prior to the Spin-Off, we sold all loans greater than 90 days delinquent to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient Corporation, prior to being 
charged-off. Consequently, many of the pre-Spin-Off, historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not comparable and may not be 
indicative of future performance.

Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold. 

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest 
repayment status.

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we review key allowance and loan metrics. 

The most significant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage 
of total loans and of total loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages. The allowance as a percentage of 
ending total loans and ending total loans in repayment increased as a result of an increase in our balance of TDRs, for which we 
hold a life-of-loan allowance. 

The allowance as a percentage of ending total loans and ending total loans in repayment was relatively unchanged at 

December 31, 2014 compared with December 31, 2013 because of an increase in the relative size of the loan portfolio, an 
increase in our TDRs (for which we hold a life-of-loan allowance) and an increase in the percentage of loans in full principal 
and interest repayment.  These largely offset the effect of the reduction in the allowance for loan losses as a result of the change 
in our loss emergence period from two years to one year. 

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Use of Forbearance as a Private Education Loan Collection Tool  

Forbearance involves granting the customer a temporary cessation of payments (or temporary acceptance of smaller than 
scheduled payments) for a specified period of time. Using forbearance extends the original term of the loan. Forbearance does 
not grant any reduction in the total repayment obligation (principal or interest). While in forbearance status, interest continues 
to accrue and is capitalized to principal when the loan re-enters repayment status. Our forbearance policies include limits on the 
number of forbearance months granted consecutively and the total number of forbearance months granted over the life of the 
loan. In some instances, we require good-faith payments before granting forbearance. Exceptions to forbearance policies are 
permitted when such exceptions are judged to increase the likelihood of collection of the loan. Forbearance as a collection tool 
is used most effectively when applied based on a customer’s unique situation, including historical information and judgments. 
We leverage updated customer information and other decision support tools to best determine who will be granted forbearance 
based on our expectations as to a customer’s ability and willingness to repay their obligation. This strategy is aimed at 
mitigating the overall risk of the portfolio as well as encouraging cash resolution of delinquent loans. 

Forbearance may be granted to customers who are exiting their grace period to provide additional time to obtain 

employment and income to support their obligations, or to current customers who are faced with a hardship and request 
forbearance time to provide temporary payment relief. In these circumstances, a customer’s loan is placed into a forbearance 
status in limited monthly increments and is reflected in the forbearance status at month-end during this time. At the end of their 
granted forbearance period, the customer will enter repayment status as current and is expected to begin making their scheduled 
monthly payments on a go-forward basis. 

Forbearance may also be granted to customers who are delinquent in their payments. If specific requirements are met, the 

forbearance can cure the delinquency and the customer is returned to a current repayment status. In more limited instances, 
delinquent customers will also be granted additional forbearance time. 

Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold Private Education Loans that were delinquent more than 90 days or were granted a 

hardship forbearance to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. Because of this past business practice, we do not yet have 
meaningful comparative historic forbearance data with respect to our Private Education Loan portfolio. However, subsequent to 
the Spin-Off, we began using forbearance as part of our loss mitigation efforts. Nonetheless, the historic default experience on 
loans put into forbearance that Navient (pre-Spin-Off SLM) experienced prior to the Spin-Off is still considered in the 
determination of our allowance for loan losses.  

The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio aged by number of months in 
active repayment status (months for which a scheduled monthly payment was due). Active repayment status includes loans on 
which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest 
repayment status after any applicable grace period.  Our experience shows that the percentage of loans in forbearance status 
decreases the longer the loans have been in active repayment status. At December 31, 2015, loans in forbearance status as a 
percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance were 4 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less 
than 25 months. Approximately 78 percent of our Private Education Loans in forbearance status have been in active repayment 
status less than 25 months.

58

(Dollars in millions)
December 31, 2015
Loans in-school/grace/deferment . . . .
Loans in forbearance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - current . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
31-60 days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
61-90 days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - delinquent
greater than 90 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unamortized discount . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . .
Total Private Education Loans, net. . .

Loans in forbearance as a percentage
of total loans in repayment and
forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Dollars in millions)
December 31, 2014
Loans in-school/grace/deferment. . . . .
Loans in forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - current. . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
31-60 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
61-90 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - delinquent
greater than 90 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unamortized discount . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . .
Total Private Education Loans, net . . .

Loans in forbearance as a percentage
of total loans in repayment and
forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monthly Scheduled Payments Due

0 to 12

13 to 24

25 to 36

37 to 48

More than 
48

$

— $
150
2,834

— $
38
2,026

— $
26
1,037

— $
16
485

Not Yet in
Repayment
3,428
—
—

— $
11
391

$

Total
3,428
241
6,773

43

21

19

9

13

6

8

3

7

3

—

—

90

42

12
3,060

$

4
$ 2,096

3
1,085

$

$

1
513

$

2
414

$

—
3,428

22
10,596
29
(109)
$ 10,516

2.09%

0.53%

0.36%

0.22%

0.16%

—%

3.36%

Monthly Scheduled Payments Due

0 to 12

13 to 24

25 to 36

37 to 48

More than 
48

$

— $
82
2,242

— $
23
1,484

— $
16
725

— $
11
391

Not Yet in
Repayment
3,027
—
—

— $
3
204

30

14

16

7

9

4

6

2

3

2

—

—

7
2,375

$

2
1,532

$

$

1
755

$

1
411

$

—
212

$

—
3,027

$

Total
3,027
135
5,046

64

29

11
8,312
14
(79)
8,247

$

1.55%

0.43%

0.30%

0.21%

0.06%

—%

2.55%  

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
December 31, 2013
Loans in-school/grace/deferment. . . . .
Loans in forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - current. . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
31-60 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in repayment - delinquent
61-90 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in repayment - delinquent
greater than 90 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unamortized discount . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . .
Total Private Education Loans, net . . .

Loans in forbearance as a percentage
of total loans in repayment and
forbearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Monthly Scheduled Payments Due

25 to 36

37 to 48

More than 
48

$

0 to 12

13 to 24
— $ — $
10
1,862

3
1,073

— $
2
640

— $
1
332

Not Yet in
Repayment
2,575
—
—

— $
—
26

12

4

7

3

6

2

4

1

—
1,888

$

—
$ 1,086

$

—
650

$

—
338

$

—

—

—
26

—

—

—
2,575

$

$

Total
2,575
16
3,933

29

10

—
6,563
5
(62)
6,506

$

0.25%

0.08%

0.05%

0.02%

—%

—%

0.40%

Private Education Loan Repayment Options 

Certain loan programs allow customers to select from a variety of repayment options depending on their loan type and 
their enrollment/loan status, which include the ability to extend their repayment term or change their monthly payment. The 
following table shows the comparison of our Private Education Loan portfolio by product type for the years ended December 
31, 2015 and 2014. 

(Dollars in thousands
$ in repayment(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ in total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

Signature and
Other

Smart Option

Career
Training

Total

141,900

302,949

$

$

6,769,788

10,277,517

$

$

15,578

$

6,927,266

15,971

$ 10,596,437

December 31, 2015

(Dollars in thousands
$ in repayment(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ in total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

Signature and
Other

Smart Option

Career
Training

Total

124,774

275,205

$

$

5,007,318

8,018,751

$

$

17,132

17,420

$

$

5,149,224

8,311,376

December 31, 2014

_________

(1)    

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as 

loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued Interest Receivable 

The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table 

also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for 
uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due 
portfolio for all periods presented. 

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2015. . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2014. . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2013. . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2012. . . . . . . . . . . .
December 31, 2011. . . . . . . . . . . .

Private Education Loan
Accrued Interest Receivable 
Greater Than
90 Days
Past Due

Allowance for
Uncollectible
Interest

Total Interest
Receivable

$
$
$
$
$

542,919
445,710
333,857
215,752
154,204

$
$
$
$
$

791
443
1
33
56

$
$
$
$
$

3,332
3,517
4,076
3,608
3,695

61

 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Funding and Liquidity Risk Management 

Our primary liquidity needs include our ongoing ability to fund our businesses throughout market cycles, including 
during periods of financial stress, our ongoing ability to fund originations of Private Education Loans and servicing our Bank 
deposits. To achieve these objectives, we analyze and monitor our liquidity needs, maintain excess liquidity and access diverse 
funding sources, such as deposits at the Bank, issuance of secured debt primarily through asset-backed securitizations and other 
financing facilities. It is our policy to manage operations so liquidity needs are fully satisfied through normal operations to 
avoid unplanned asset sales under emergency conditions. Our liquidity management is governed by policies approved by our 
Board of Directors. Oversight of these policies is performed in the Asset and Liability Committee, a management-level 
committee.  

 These policies take into account the volatility of cash flow forecasts, expected maturities, anticipated loan demand and a 

variety of other factors to establish minimum liquidity guidelines.

Key risks associated with our liquidity relate to our ability to access the capital markets and the markets for bank deposits 
at reasonable rates. This ability may be affected by our performance, the macroeconomic environment and the impact they have 
on the availability of funding sources in the marketplace.

Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity 

Ending Balances 

(Dollars in thousands)
Sources of primary liquidity:
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:

2015

December 31,
2014

2013

Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries . . . .
Sallie Mae Bank(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Available-for-sale investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments . . . . . . . . .

$

$

9,817
2,406,402
195,391
2,611,610

$

7,677
2,352,103
168,934
$ 2,528,714

$

1,052
2,181,813
102,105
$ 2,284,970

____
(1)  This amount will be used primarily to originate Private Education Loans at the Bank. 

Average Balances 

(Dollars in thousands)
Sources of primary liquidity:
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries . . .
Sallie Mae Bank(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Available-for-sale investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments. . . . . . . . .

$

17,241
1,377,171
176,036
$ 1,570,448

$

4,364
1,755,517
140,622
$ 1,900,503

$

1,176
1,509,026
537,458
$ 2,047,660

 ____
(1)  This amount will be used primarily to originate Private Education Loans at the Bank. 

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Deposits

The following table summarizes total deposits at December 31, 2015 and 2014.

(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits - interest bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposits - non-interest bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deposits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

December 31,

2015
11,487,006
701
11,487,707

$

$

2014
10,539,953
602
10,540,555

Interest Bearing

Interest bearing deposits as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of non-maturity savings and money market 
deposits, brokered and retail CDs, as discussed further below, and brokered money market deposit accounts (“MMDAs”). In 
addition, we gather what we consider to be core deposits from various sources. These deposit products are serviced by third-
party providers. Placement fees associated with the brokered CDs are amortized into interest expense using the effective interest 
rate method.  We recognized placement fee expense of $10.5 million, $10.3 million, and $9.8 million in the years ended 
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Fees paid to third-party brokers related to these CDs were $4.1 million, $15.2 
million, and $12.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 

Interest bearing deposits at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized as follows:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

(Dollars in thousands)

Amount

Year-End 
Weighted 
Average Stated 
Rate(1)

Amount

Year-End 
Weighted 
Average Stated 
Rate(1)

Money market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

4,886,299

1.19% $

4,527,448

Savings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

669,254

Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,931,453

0.82

0.98

703,687

5,308,818

1.15%

0.81

1.00

Deposits - interest bearing. . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 11,487,006

$

10,539,953

__

(1)  Includes the effect of interest rate swaps in effective hedge relationships. 

 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were $709.9 million and $254.0 million, respectively, of deposits exceeding 

FDIC insurance limits. Accrued interest on deposits was $15.7 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, 
respectively.

Non-Interest Bearing

Non-interest bearing deposits were $0.7 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  For 
both periods, these were comprised of money market accounts related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan account. See Notes 
to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, “Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements” for additional details 
regarding this plan. 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
Counterparty Exposure 

Counterparty exposure related to financial instruments arises from the risk that a lending, investment or derivative 

counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations to us. 

Excess cash is generally invested with the Federal Reserve on an overnight basis or in the Federal Reserve’s Term 

Deposit Facility, minimizing counterparty exposure on cash balances.  

Our investment portfolio includes a small portfolio of mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies and 
government-sponsored enterprises that are purchased to meet Community Reinvestment Act targets. Additionally, our investing 
activity is governed by Board-approved limits on the amount that is allowed to be invested with any one issuer based on the 
credit rating of the issuer, further minimizing our counterparty exposure. Counterparty credit risk is considered when valuing 
investments and considering impairment. 

Related to derivative transactions, protection against counterparty risk is generally provided by International Swaps and 
Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Credit Support Annexes (“CSAs”), or clearinghouses for Over the Counter derivatives. 
CSAs require a counterparty to post collateral if a potential default would expose the other party to a loss. All derivative 
contracts entered into by the Bank are covered under such agreements and require collateral to be exchanged based on the net 
fair value of derivatives with each counterparty. Our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain 
position less any collateral posted by the counterparty. 

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act requires all standardized derivatives, including most interest rate swaps, to be submitted 

for clearing to central intermediaries to reduce counterparty risk.  As of December 31, 2015, $4.9 billion notional of our 
derivative contracts were cleared on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the London Clearing House. This represents 
88 percent of our total notional derivative contracts of $5.5 billion. All derivative contracts cleared through an exchange require 
collateral to be exchanged based on the fair value of the derivative. Our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative 
contracts in a gain position less any collateral posted by the counterparty.  

We have liquidity exposure related to collateral movements between us and our derivative counterparties. Movements in 

the value of the derivatives, which are primarily affected by changes in interest rates, may require us to return cash collateral 
held or may require us to access primary liquidity to post collateral to counterparties. 

The table below highlights exposure related to our derivative counterparties as of December 31, 2015.

(Dollars in thousands)

SLM Corporation
and Sallie Mae Bank
Contracts

Exposure, net of collateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

50,069

Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings
below S&P AA- or Moody’s Aa3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent of exposure to counterparties with credit ratings
below S&P A- or Moody’s Baa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38.44%

0.07%

64

 
Regulatory Capital 

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking authorities.  

Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by 
regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.  Under U.S. Basel III and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital 
standards that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under 
regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and its classification under the prompt corrective action framework 
are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors.

“Well capitalized” regulatory requirements are the quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital 
adequacy.  To qualify as “well capitalized,” the Bank must maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) 
of Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.  The following 
capital amounts and ratios are based upon the Bank's assets.

(Dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2015:

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted
Assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets). . . . . . . . . .

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) . . . . . . . . . .

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

As of December 31, 2014:

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets). . . . . . . . . .

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) . . . . . . . . . .

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Actual

Amount

Ratio

"Well Capitalized"
Regulatory Requirements
Amount

Ratio

1,734,315

1,734,315

1,848,528

1,734,315

14.4%

14.4%

15.4%

12.3%

$

$

781,638 >

962,017 >

$ 1,202,521 >

$

704,979 >

1,413,988

1,497,830

1,413,988

15.0%

15.9%

11.5%

$

$

$

565,148 >

941,913 >

614,709 >

6.5%

8.0%

10.0%

5.0%

6.0%

10.0%

5.0%

 Capital Management

The Bank seeks to remain “well capitalized” at all times with sufficient capital to support asset growth, operating needs, 
unexpected credit risks and to protect the interests of depositors and the DIF.  The Bank is required by its regulators, the UDFI 
and the FDIC, to comply with mandated capital ratios.  We intend to maintain levels of capital at the Bank that significantly 
exceed the levels of capital necessary to be considered “well capitalized” by the FDIC.  The Company is a source of strength 
for the Bank and will provide additional capital if necessary. The Board of Directors and management periodically evaluate the 
quality of assets, the stability of earnings, and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses for the Bank. We currently believe 
that current and projected capital levels are appropriate for 2016. As our balance sheet continues to grow in 2016, these ratios 
will decline but will remain significantly in excess of the capital levels required to be considered “well capitalized” by our 
regulators. We do not plan to pay dividends on our common stock. We do not intend to initiate share repurchase programs as a 
means to return capital to shareholders. We only expect to repurchase common stock acquired in connection with taxes 
withheld in connection with award exercises and vesting under our employee stock-based compensation plans. Our Board of 
Directors will periodically reconsider these matters.

As of January 1, 2015, the Bank was required to comply with U.S. Basel III, which is aimed at increasing both the 
quantity and quality of regulatory capital and, among other things, establishes Common Equity Tier 1 as a new tier of capital 
and modifies methods for calculating risk-weighted assets.  Certain aspects of U.S. Basel III, including new deductions from 
and adjustments to regulatory capital and a new capital conservation buffer, are being phased in over several years. The Bank’s 
Capital Policy requires management to monitor the new capital standards.  The Bank is subject to the following minimum 
capital ratios under U.S. Basel III: a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital 
ratio of 6.0 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0 percent.  In addition, the 

65

 
 
Bank is subject to a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer, which will be phased in over three years beginning 
January 1, 2016: 0.625 percent of risk-weighted assets for 2016, 1.25 percent for 2017, and 1.875 percent for 2018, with the 
fully phased-in level of greater than 2.5 percent effective as of January 1, 2019.  Failure to maintain the buffer will result in 
restrictions on the Bank’s ability to make capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, and to pay discretionary 
bonuses to executive officers.  Including the buffer, by January 1, 2019, the Bank will be required to maintain the following 
minimum capital ratios: a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of greater than 7.0 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital 
ratio of greater than 8.5 percent and a Total risk-based capital ratio of greater than 10.5 percent.

U.S. Basel III also revised the capital thresholds for the prompt corrective action framework for insured depository 
institutions. Effective January 1, 2015, in order to qualify as “well capitalized,” the Bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 
1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.5 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0 percent, a Total risk-based capital 
ratio of at least 10.0 percent, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0 percent.

As of December 31, 2015, the Bank had a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 14.4 percent, a Tier 1 risk-
based capital ratio of 14.4 percent, a Total risk-based capital ratio of 15.4 percent and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 12.3 percent, 
which are each well in excess of the current “well capitalized” standard for insured depository institutions.  If calculated today 
based on the fully phased-in U.S. Basel III standards, our ratios would also exceed the capital levels required under U.S. Basel 
III and the “well capitalized” standard.

Dividends

The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to 
pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and 
regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends to the Company from its net profits without regulatory 
approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no 
dividends for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank paid 
dividends of $120 million to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. For the foreseeable future, we expect the Bank to 
only pay dividends to the Company as may be necessary to provide for regularly scheduled dividends payable on the 
Company’s Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.  

Borrowed Funds

We maintain discretionary uncommitted Federal Funds lines of credit with various correspondent banks, which totaled 

$100 million at December 31, 2015. The interest rate we are charged on these lines of credit is priced at Fed Funds plus a 
spread at the time of borrowing, and is payable daily. We did not utilize these lines of credit in the years ended December 31, 
2015, 2014 and 2013.

We established an account at the FRB to meet eligibility requirements for access to the Primary Credit borrowing facility 

at the FRB’s Discount Window (the “Window”). The Primary Credit borrowing facility is a lending program available to 
depository institutions that are in generally sound financial condition. All borrowings at the Window must be fully 
collateralized.  We can pledge asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, as well as FFELP Loans and Private Education 
Loans, to the FRB as collateral for borrowings at the Window.  Generally, collateral value is assigned based on the estimated 
fair value of the pledged assets.  At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the value of our pledged collateral at the FRB 
totaled $1.7 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. The interest rate charged to us is the discount rate set by the FRB. We did not 
utilize this facility in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

On December 19, 2014, we closed on a $750.0 million ABCP Facility. Pursuant to FDIC safe harbor guidelines, we 
retained a 5 percent or $37.5 million ownership interest in the ABCP Facility, resulting in $712.5 million of funds available for 
us to draw under the ABCP Facility. On February 25, 2016, we amended and extended the maturity of the ABCP Facility. The 
amended ABCP Facility extends the revolving period, during which we may borrow, repay and reborrow funds, until February 
23, 2017. The scheduled amortization period, during which amounts outstanding under the ABCP Facility must be repaid, ends 
on February 23, 2018. For additional information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 24, “Subsequent 
Event.”

66

Contractual Loan Commitments

When we approve a Private Education Loan at the beginning of an academic year, that approval may cover the borrowing 

for the entire academic year.  As such, we do not always disburse the full amount of the loan at the time of origination, but 
instead have a commitment to fund a portion of the loan at a later date (usually at the start of the second semester or subsequent 
trimesters). At December 31, 2015, we had $1.5 billion of outstanding contractual loan commitments which we expect to fund 
during the remainder of the 2015/2016 academic year. At December 31, 2015, we had a $2 million reserve recorded in “Other 
Liabilities” to cover expected losses that may occur during the one-year loss emergence period on these unfunded 
commitments.

Contractual Cash Obligations 

The following table provides a summary of our contractual principal obligations associated with long-term Bank deposits, 

the ABCP Facility, term funding commitments, loan commitments and lease obligations at December 31, 2015.  

1 Year
 or Less

1 to 3 
Years

3 to 5
 Years

Over 5
Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)
Long-term bank deposits(1)(2) . . . . . . . . .
ABCP Facility(1)(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private Education Loan term 
securitizations(1)(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan commitments(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

2,668,240

$ 2,262,669

827,063

$

165,047

$ 5,923,019

81,608

418,567

—

—

500,175

67,214

136,236

106,442

279,032

1,527,077

1,433

171

2,630

—

766

—

—

588,924

1,527,248

4,829

Total contractual cash obligations . . . . .
____
 (1) Interest obligations are either variable or fixed in nature. 
 (2) Excludes derivative market value adjustments of $8.4 million. 
  (3) Amounts reflect the contractual requirements of the ABCP Facility, based on the expected paydown of the underlying collateral. 

$ 2,820,273

4,345,572

444,079

934,271

$

$

$

$ 8,544,195

Management has the intent to pay off advances on the ABCP Facility on a short term basis.

  (4) Amounts reflect the contractual requirements of the Private Education Loan term securitizations, based on the expected paydown 

of the underlying collateral. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations addresses our consolidated 
financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, 
“Significant Accounting Policies” includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the 
preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income 
and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates under varying assumptions or 
conditions. On a quarterly basis, management evaluates its estimates, particularly those that include the most difficult, 
subjective or complex judgments and are often about matters that are inherently uncertain. The most significant judgments, 
estimates and assumptions relate to the following critical accounting policies that are discussed in more detail below.

Allowance for Loan Losses 

In determining the allowance for loan losses on our Private Education Loan non-TDR portfolio, we estimate the principal 
amount of loans that will default over the next year (one year being the expected "loss emergence period," which represents the 
expected period between the first occurrence of an event likely to cause a loss on a loan and the date the loan is expected to be 
charged off, taking into consideration account management practices that affect the timing of a loss, such as the usage of 

67

 
 
 
 
forbearance) and how much we expect to recover over the same one year period related to the defaulted amount. The expected 
defaults less our expected recoveries adjusted for any qualitative factors (discussed below) equal the allowance related to this 
portfolio. Our historical experience indicates that, on average, the time between the date that a customer experiences a default 
causing event (i.e., the loss trigger event) and the date that we charge off the unrecoverable portion of that loan is one year. 

In estimating both the non-TDR and TDR allowance amounts, we start with historical experience of customer 
delinquency and default behavior. We make judgments about which historical period to start with and then make further 
judgments about whether that historical experience is representative of future expectations and whether additional adjustments 
may be needed to those historical default rates. We may also take certain other qualitative factors into consideration when 
calculating the allowance for loan losses.  These qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, changes in the economic 
environment, changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-
off and recovery practices not already included in the analysis, and the effect of other external factors such as legal and 
regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses. 

Our non-TDR allowance for loan losses is estimated using an analysis of delinquent and current accounts. Our model is 

used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately 
charge off (“roll rate analysis”). Once a charge-off forecast is estimated, a recovery assumption is layered on top.  

In connection with the Spin-Off, we changed our charge-off policy for Private Education Loans to charging off loans 
when the loans reach 120 days delinquent. Pre-Spin-Off SLM default aversion strategies were focused on the final stages of 
delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. Our default aversion strategies are now focused on loans that are 30 to 120 days 
delinquent. 

The roll rate analysis model is based upon actual historical collection experience using the 120 day charge-off default 
aversion strategies. Once the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and 
determine if qualitative adjustments need to be considered.

Separately, for our TDR portfolio, we estimate an allowance amount sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses 

through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan’s basis and the present value of expected future 
cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery assumptions) discounted at the loan’s original effective 
interest rate. 

Our TDR portfolio is comprised mostly of loans with interest rate reductions and forbearance usage greater than three 

months. All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct 
individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications 
may increase the ability and willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount 
collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an 
extended repayment plan. In the first nine months after a loan enters full principal and interest repayment, the loan may be in 
forbearance for up to six months without it being classified as a TDR. Once the initial nine-month period described above is 
over, however, any loan that receives more than three months of forbearance in a twenty-four month period is classified as a 
TDR. Also, a loan becomes a TDR when it is modified to reduce the interest rate on the loan (regardless of when such 
modification occurs and/or whether such interest rate reduction is temporary). The majority of our loans that are considered 
TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan.

The separate allowance estimates for our TDR and non-TDR portfolios are combined into our total allowance for Private 
Education Loan losses. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates 
and assumptions that may be susceptible to significant changes. If actual future performance in delinquency, charge-offs or 
recoveries is significantly different than estimated, this could materially affect our estimate of the allowance for loan losses and 
the related provision for credit losses on our income statement. 

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan loss, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The 

most relevant of these metrics are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total loans and 
of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages.

68

We consider a loan to be delinquent 31 days after the last payment was contractually due. We use a model to estimate the 
amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and reserve for that amount against current period interest 
income.

FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default, subject to a Risk Sharing level 

based on the date of loan disbursement. These insurance obligations are supported by contractual rights against the United 
States. For loans disbursed after October 1, 1993, and before July 1, 2006, we receive 98 percent reimbursement on all 
qualifying default claims. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2006, we receive 97 percent reimbursement. For loans 
disbursed prior to October 1, 1993, we receive 100 percent reimbursement. 

The allowance for FFELP Loan losses uses historical experience of customer default, behavior and a two-year loss 

emergence period to estimate the credit losses incurred in the loan portfolio at the reporting date. We apply the default rate 
projections, net of applicable Risk Sharing, to each category for the current period to perform our quantitative calculation. Once 
the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and determine if qualitative 
adjustments need to be considered.

Fair Value Measurement 

The most significant assumptions used in fair value measurements, including those related to credit and liquidity risk, are 

as follows: 

1.   Derivatives - When determining the fair value of derivatives, we take into account counterparty credit risk for 

positions where we are exposed to the counterparty on a net basis by assessing exposure net of collateral held. The 
net exposure for each counterparty is adjusted based on market information available for that specific counterparty, 
including spreads from credit default swaps. Additionally, when the counterparty has exposure to us related to our 
derivatives, we fully collateralize the exposure, minimizing the adjustment necessary to the derivative valuations 
for our own credit risk.  A major indicator of market inactivity is the widening of the bid/ask spread in these 
markets. In general, the widening of counterparty credit spreads and reduced liquidity for derivative instruments as 
indicated by wider bid/ask spreads will reduce the fair value of derivatives. 

2. 

Education Loans - Our Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans are accounted for at cost or at the lower of cost 
or fair value if the loan is held-for-sale. The fair values of our education loans are disclosed in Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Fair Value Measurements.” For both Private Education Loans and 
FFELP Loans accounted for at cost, fair value is determined by modeling loan level cash flows using stated terms 
of the assets and internally developed assumptions to determine aggregate portfolio yield, net present value and 
average life. The significant assumptions used to project cash flows are prepayment speeds, default rates, cost of 
funds, the amount funded by deposits versus equity, and required return on equity. Significant inputs into the 
models are not generally market-observable. They are either derived internally through a combination of historical 
experience and management’s expectation of future performance (in the case of prepayment speeds, default rates, 
and capital assumptions) or are obtained through external broker quotes (as in the case of cost of funds). When 
possible, market transactions are used to validate the model and, when appropriate, the model is calibrated to these 
market transactions. During 2015, we had several sales of Private Education Loans through securitization 
transactions.  We were able to use the market data from these sales to validate the model and, when appropriate, 
calibrated the model to these market transactions.

For further information regarding the effect of our use of fair values on our results of operations, see Notes to 

Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Fair Value Measurements.” 

Derivative Accounting 

The most significant judgments related to derivative accounting are: (1) concluding the derivative is an effective hedge 
and qualifies for hedge accounting and (2) determining the fair value of certain derivatives and hedged items. To qualify for 
hedge accounting, a derivative must be concluded to be a highly effective hedge upon designation and on an ongoing basis. 
There are no “bright line” tests on what is considered a highly effective hedge. We use a historical regression analysis to prove 
ongoing and prospective hedge effectiveness. See the previous discussion in the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies and 

69

 
Estimates — Fair Value Measurement” for significant judgments related to the valuation of derivatives. Although some of our 
valuations are more judgmental than others, we compare the fair values of our derivatives that we calculate to those fair values 
provided by our counterparties on a monthly basis. We view this as a critical control which helps validate these judgments. Any 
significant differences with our counterparties are identified and resolved appropriately. 

 Transfers of Financial Assets and the Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) Consolidation Model 

We account for loan sales in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. If a transfer of loans qualifies as a sale, 

we derecognize the loan and recognize a gain or loss as the difference between the carry basis of the loan sold and liabilities 
retained and the compensation received.  We recognize the results of a transfer of loans based upon the settlement date of the 
transaction.

If we have a variable interest in a VIE and we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary, then we will 
consolidate the VIE. We are considered the primary beneficiary if we have both: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE 
that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the 
entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. There can be considerable judgment as it relates to determining the 
primary beneficiary of a VIE. There are no “bright line” tests. Rather, the assessment of who has the power to direct the 
activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses 
or receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE can be very qualitative and judgmental in nature. 
We have determined that as the sponsor and servicer of Sallie Mae securitization trusts, we meet the first primary beneficiary 
criterion because we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic 
performance.  

In 2015, we executed both secured financings and securitized loan sale transactions.  Based upon our relationships with 

these securitizations, we believe the consolidation assessment is straightforward.  We consolidated our secured financing 
transactions because either we did not meet the accounting criterion for sales treatment or we determined we were the primary 
beneficiary of the VIE because we retained (a) the residual interest in the securitization and, therefore, had the obligation to 
absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE as well as (b) the power to direct 
the activities of the VIE in our role as servicer.  For those accounted for as securitized loan sales, we only retained servicing 
and, therefore, are not the primary beneficiary because we have no obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity 
that could potentially be significant to the VIE. 

Risk Management 

Our Approach 

Risk is inherent in our business activities and the specialized lending industry we serve.  The ability of management to 

anticipate, identify and remediate risk in a timely manner is critical to our continued success.  Our enterprise risk management 
(“ERM”) framework is designed to identify, remediate, control and report these risks and escalate as appropriate to the Board of 
Directors or its committees.

Risk Oversight 

Our Board of Directors and its standing committees oversee our overall strategic direction, including establishing our 
ERM framework.  The Board also has oversight of the policy and procedures used for assessing the risks our businesses face as 
well as the risk management processes developed and utilized by the management team.  We have established a robust 
framework to escalate to the Board any significant departures from the risk appetite statement in addition to any new and 
emerging risks.

The Board of Directors, with senior management, took significant steps to continue the development of the ERM function 

during 2015.  Selected achievements included the following:

• 

Further embedding of the ERM program and its attendant policies, processes and infrastructure throughout the 
organization.    

•  The launch of the Manager’s Assessment of Risk and Control, to provide a consistent methodology for risk self-

assessment across the enterprise;

70

•  The re-engineering of the model risk management framework within the business to ensure the integrity of our 

model inventory, particularly as it relates to the DFAST; and 

•  Continued investment in the ERM infrastructure and staffing to ensure the program can appropriately address the 

challenges facing our business and industry.

The Governance Framework

Our overall objective pertaining to risk and control is to ensure all significant risks inherent in our business can be 
identified, remediated, controlled and monitored.  To this end, we have adopted the “three lines of defense” governance 
framework.  Specifically, the business units form the “first line of defense” and are the “owners” of risks present in their 
business activities. As the owners of risk, the first line of defense is accountable for the day-to-day execution of risk and control 
policy and procedures. The “second line of defense” (e.g., ERM and Compliance) provides oversight of the execution by the 
first line of defense. Rather than focused on execution, the second line of defense is accountable for the related policy and 
standards executed upon by the first line of defense. Finally, the Internal Audit function comprises the “third line of defense.” 
The Internal Audit function provides opinions to the Board on the effectiveness of the first and second lines of defense.  The 
lines of defense distinction determines accountabilities; the ERM framework contains the processes and infrastructure 
necessary to deliver on those accountabilities.

Enterprise Risk Management Policy and Framework

The ERM policy and framework are designed to provide a holistic perspective of risk and control performance across the 

Company.  The policy, which is approved annually by the Board of Directors, outlines the framework used to ensure that risk 
and control issues across the enterprise are identified, remediated, controlled and reported.  The Bank’s ERM framework and 
related policies are the core of the overall governance structure within the enterprise.

The risk appetite statement is a central component of the ERM framework.  The risk appetite statement establishes the 

level of risk we are willing to accept within each risk category, described below, in pursuit of our business objectives. Our risk 
appetite is captured in a set of performance metrics specific to our business activities, both quantitative and qualitative. These 
metrics have corresponding thresholds and limits and are adopted as operating standards.  Compliance with our risk appetite is 
monitored by our management-level Enterprise Risk Committee ("ERC") with escalation to the Risk Committee of the Board or 
the Board of Directors, as appropriate. Our Board of Directors approves the risk appetite statement annually and requires that 
management provide periodic updates on compliance to the Risk Committee of our Board.

Board of Directors Committee Structure

We have a robust committee structure that facilitates oversight, effective challenge and escalation of risk and control 

issues.  

Risk Committee. The Risk Committee of the Board was established to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight 
responsibilities of risk and controls.  The Risk Committee recommends the ERM framework, related policies and the risk 
appetite statements to the Board of Directors for approval. The Risk Committee receives periodic updates on compliance with 
the ERM framework from the ERC.

Audit Committee.  The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of the Internal Audit function. Additionally, the 

Audit Committee oversees the quality and integrity of our financial reporting process and financial statements; the 
qualifications, hiring, performance and independence of our independent registered accounting firm; the performance of our 
Internal Audit function; our system of internal controls; and our compliance with the Code of Business Conduct.

Nominations, Governance and Compensation Committee.  The Nominations, Governance and Compensation Committee, 
among other things: (1) periodically reviews our compliance and performance against the risk measures and limits as contained 
in our Board approved risk appetite framework relating to our personnel, including compensation policies and practices, 
attrition and succession planning, and aspects of shareholder confidence relating to compensation policies, and assesses whether 
any such risks are reasonably likely to have a materially adverse effect on us; and (2) periodically reviews our compliance and 
performance against the risk measures as contained in our Board approved risk appetite framework relating to political risk, 
reputational risk and governance risks as related to compliance with NASDAQ listing standards and applicable rules and 
regulations relating to Board of Directors and management composition, governance, and independence.

Preferred Stock Committee.  The Preferred Stock Committee monitors and evaluates proposed actions that may impact 

the rights of holders of preferred stock.

71

 
Compliance Committee.  The purpose of the Compliance Committee of the Board of the Bank is to assist the Board in: (1) 

overseeing the continuing maintenance and enhancement of a strong and sustainable compliance culture; (2) providing 
oversight of the compliance management system; (3) approving sound policies and objectives and effectively supervising all 
compliance - related activities; (4) ensuring that the Bank has a qualified Chief Compliance Officer with sufficient authority, 
independence and resources to administer an effective compliance management system; and (5) exercising and performing all 
other duties and responsibilities delegated to the Committee. 

Management-Level Committee Structure

Enterprise Risk Committee. The ERC is authorized by the Board of Directors to provide management oversight of the 
ERM framework and compliance with our risk appetite. The ERC is the conduit from management to the Risk Committee of 
the Board and provides for escalation in the instances of non-compliance with the framework.  Additionally, the ERC is 
authorized to create sub-committees to assist in the fulfillment of its oversight activities.  During 2015, Sallie Mae operated 
with the following sub-committees: 

Credit Committee. The Credit Committee is responsible for credit and counterparty risk, product pricing, and credit and 

collections operations.

Operational Risk Committee ("ORC"). The ORC is the oversight body for risk related to inadequate or failed internal 

processes, people and systems or from external events.  It also reviews information technology risk, regulatory, legal and 
governance risks.

Asset and Liability Committee ("ALCO"). The ALCO is responsible for oversight of risks associated with managing our 

assets and liabilities, and recommending limits for inclusion in our risk appetite and the investment structure.

Each of these standing sub-committees is comprised of subject matter experts from the senior management team and is 
accountable to the ERC.  Moreover, these sub-committees may be supported by one or more working groups. These working 
groups include the Allowance for Loan Loss, Critical Accounting Assumptions and New Product and Services working groups.

Disclosure Committee. Our Disclosure Committee assists our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in their  

review of periodic SEC reporting documents, earnings releases, investor materials and related disclosure policies and 
procedures.

Compliance Committee. Our Bank Compliance Committee oversees regulatory compliance risk management activities 

for the Bank and its affiliates.

Internal Audit Risk Assessment 

Internal Audit regularly monitors our various risk management and compliance efforts, identifies areas that may require 
increased focus and resources, and reports significant control issues and recommendations to executive management and the 
Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.  Annually, Internal Audit performs an independent risk assessment to evaluate the 
risk of all significant components of the Company and uses the results to develop their annual Internal Audit plan.  Additionally, 
Internal Audit performs selected reviews of both risk management and compliance functions, including key controls, processes 
and systems, in order to assess the effectiveness of the overall risk management framework. 

Risk Categories 

Our ERM framework is designed to address the following risk categories.

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk to earnings or capital resulting from an obligor’s failure to meet the terms of any 

contract with us or otherwise fail to perform as agreed. Credit risk is found in all activities where success depends on 
counterparty, issuer or borrower performance.

We have credit or counterparty risk exposure with borrowers and cosigners to whom we have made Private Education 

Loans, the various counterparties with whom we have entered into derivative contracts and the various issuers with whom we 
make investments. Credit and counterparty risks are overseen by the CRO, his staff and the Credit Committee. Our CRO 
reports regularly to the Board’s Risk Committee as well as the Board of Directors.

72

The credit risk related to Private Education Loans is managed within a credit risk infrastructure which includes: (i) a well-
defined underwriting, asset quality and collection policy framework; (ii) an ongoing monitoring and review process of portfolio 
concentration and trends; (iii) assignment and management of credit authorities and responsibilities; and (iv) establishment of 
an allowance for loan losses that covers estimated future losses based upon an analysis of portfolio metrics and economic 
factors.

Credit risk related to derivative contracts is managed by reviewing counterparties for credit strength on an ongoing basis 

and through our credit policies, which place limits on the amount of exposure we may take with any one counterparty and 
require collateral to secure the position. The credit and counterparty risk associated with derivatives is measured based on the 
replacement cost should the counterparty with contracts in a gain position to the Company fail to perform under the terms of the 
contract.

Operational Risk. Operational risk is the risk to earnings resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people 

and systems and third-party vendors, or from external events. Operational risk is pervasive in that it exists in all business lines, 
functional units, legal entities and geographic locations, and it includes information technology risk, physical security risk on 
tangible assets, as well as regulatory, legal and governance risk.

Operational risk exposures are managed through a combination of business line management and enterprise-wide 

oversight. The ORC is the oversight body for operational risks and supports the ERC in its oversight duties. The sub-committee 
is responsible for escalation to the ERC, as appropriate. Additionally, operational risk metrics, thresholds and limits are 
included in the periodic reporting to the Risk Committee of our Board of Directors in the context of the ERM framework.

Regulatory, Legal and Governance Risk. Regulatory risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising 
from violations of, or non-conformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or 
ethical standards. Legal risk is the risk to earnings, capital or reputation manifested by claims made through the legal system 
and may arise from a product, a transaction, a business relationship, property (real, personal or intellectual), conduct of an 
employee or a change in law or regulation. Governance risk is the risk of not establishing and maintaining a control 
environment that aligns with stakeholder and regulatory expectations, including “tone at the top” and Board performance. These 
risks are inherent in all of our businesses. Regulatory, legal and governance risk are sub-sets of operational risk, but have taken 
on greater significance in the current environment. We can be exposed to these risks in key areas such as our private education 
lending, servicing and collections, and oversight of third-party vendors, if compliance with legal and regulatory requirements is 
not properly implemented, documented or tested, as well as when an oversight program does not include appropriate audit and 
control features.

Primary ownership and responsibility for legal and regulatory risk is placed with the business segments to manage their 

specific legal and regulatory risks. Our Compliance group supports these activities by providing extensive training, monitoring 
and testing of the processes, policies and procedures utilized by our business segments, maintaining consumer lending 
regulatory and information security policies and procedures, and working in close coordination with our Legal group. Our 
Operational Risk Committee has oversight over the establishment of standards related to our monitoring and control of legal 
and regulatory risks, and the General Counsel reports regularly to the Risk Committee of our Board of Directors.

Our Code of Business Conduct and the on-going training our employees receive in many compliance areas provide a 
framework for our employees to conduct themselves with the highest integrity. We instill a risk-conscious culture through 
communications, training, policies and procedures. We have strengthened the linkage between the management performance 
process and individual compensation to encourage employees to work toward corporate-wide compliance goals.

Market Risk. Market risk is the risk to earnings or capital resulting from changes in market conditions, such as interest 

rates, credit spreads, or other volatilities. We are exposed to various types of market risk, in particular the risk of loss resulting 
from interest rate risk, basis risk and other risks that arise through the management of our investment, debt and education loan 
portfolios. Market risk exposures are managed primarily through ALCO. These activities are closely tied to those related to the 
management of our funding and liquidity risks. The Risk Committee of our Board of Directors periodically reviews and 
approves the investment and asset and liability management policies and contingency funding plan developed and administered 
by ALCO. The Risk Committee of our Board of Directors as well as our Chief Financial Officer report to the full Board of 
Directors on matters of market risk management.

73

Funding and Liquidity Risk. Funding and liquidity risk is the risk to earnings, capital or the conduct of our business 

arising from the inability to meet our obligations when they become due without incurring unacceptable losses, such as the 
inability to fund liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, or invest in future asset growth and business operations at 
reasonable market rates, as well as the inability to fund Private Education Loan originations. Our primary liquidity needs 
include: our ongoing ability to meet our funding needs for our businesses throughout market cycles, including during periods of 
financial stress and to manage closely the mismatch between the maturity of assets and liabilities; our ongoing ability to fund 
originations of Private Education Loans; and servicing our indebtedness and bank deposits. Key objectives associated with our 
funding liquidity needs relate to our ability to access the capital markets at reasonable rates and to continue to maintain retail 
deposits and other funding sources through Sallie Mae Bank.

Our funding and liquidity risk management activities are centralized within our Corporate Finance department, which is 

responsible for planning and executing our funding activities and strategies. We analyze and monitor our liquidity risk, maintain 
excess liquidity and access diverse funding sources depending on current market conditions. Funding and liquidity risks are 
overseen and recommendations approved primarily through ALCO. The Risk Committee of our Board of Directors is 
responsible for periodically reviewing the funding and liquidity positions and contingency funding plan developed and 
administered by ALCO. The Risk Committee of our Board of Directors also receives regular reports on our performance against 
funding and liquidity plans at each of its meetings.

Reputational and Political Risk. Reputational risk is the risk to shareholder value and growth from a negative perception, 
whether true or not, of an organization by its key stakeholders, the changing expectations of its stakeholders and/or inadequate 
internal coordination of business decisions. This could expose us to litigation, financial loss or other damage to our business or 
brand. Political risk addresses political changes that may affect the probability of achieving our business objectives.

Management proactively assesses and manages political and reputational risk. Post-spin, we are in the process of 
establishing our government relations function to manage our review of and response to all formal inquiries from members of 
Congress, state legislators, and their staff, as well as providing targeted messaging that reinforces our public policy goals. We 
review and consider political and reputational risks on an integrated basis in connection with the risk management oversight 
activities conducted in the various aspects of our business on matters as diverse as the launch of new products and services, our 
credit underwriting activities and how we fund operations. Our public relations, marketing and media teams continuously 
monitor print, electronic and social media to understand how we are perceived; actively provide assistance and support to our 
customers and other constituencies; and maintain and promote the value of our considerable corporate brand. Significant 
political and reputational risks are reported to and monitored by the management-level ERC and the Risk Committee of our 
Board of Directors. Our Legal, Government Relations and Compliance groups regularly meet and collaborate with our Media 
and Investor Relations teams to provide more coordinated monitoring and management of our political and reputational risks.

Strategic Risk. Strategic risk is the risk to shareholder value and growth trajectory from adverse business decisions and/or 

improper implementation of business strategies. Management must be able to develop and implement business strategies that 
leverage the organization’s core competencies, are structured appropriately and are achievable. Oversight for this strategic 
planning process is provided by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. Our performance, relative to our annual 
business plan, is regularly reviewed by management, the Board of Directors and its various committees.

Common Stock 

Our shareholders have authorized the issuance of 1.125 billion shares of common stock (par value of $.20). At 

December 31, 2015, 426 million shares were issued and outstanding and 52 million shares were unissued but encumbered for 
outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and dividend equivalent units for employee compensation and remaining 
authority for stock-based compensation plans. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 12, “Stockholders' Equity” 
for additional details.

74

Arrangements with Navient Corporation 

In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company entered into a separation and distribution agreement with Navient. In 
connection therewith, the Company also entered into various other ancillary agreements with Navient to effect the Spin-Off and 
provide a framework for its relationship with Navient thereafter, such as a transition services agreement, a tax sharing 
agreement, an employee matters agreement, a loan servicing and administration agreement, a joint marketing agreement, a key 
services agreement, a data sharing agreement and a master sublease agreement. The majority of these agreements are 
transitional in nature with most having terms of two years or less from the date of the Spin-Off.  

We continue to have exposure to risks related to Navient’s creditworthiness. If we are unable to obtain indemnification 

payments from Navient, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Pursuant to the terms of the Spin-Off and applicable law, Navient assumed responsibility for all liabilities (whether 
accrued, contingent or otherwise and whether known or unknown) arising out of or resulting from the conduct of pre-Spin-Off 
SLM and its subsidiaries’ businesses prior to the Spin-Off, other than certain specifically identified liabilities relating to the 
conduct of our consumer banking business. Nonetheless, given the prior usage of the Sallie Mae and SLM names by entities 
now owned by Navient, we and our subsidiaries may from time to time be improperly named as defendants in legal proceedings 
where the allegations at issue are the legal responsibility of Navient. Most of these legal proceedings involve matters that arose 
in whole or in part in the ordinary course of business of pre-Spin-Off SLM. Likewise, as the period of time since the Spin-Off 
increases, so does the likelihood any allegations that may be made may be in part for our own actions in a post-Spin-Off time 
period and in part for Navient’s conduct in a pre-Spin-Off time period. We will not be providing information on these 
proceedings unless there are material issues of fact or disagreement with Navient as to the bases of the proceedings or 
responsibility therefor that we believe could have a material, adverse impact on our business, assets, financial condition, 
liquidity or outlook if not resolved in our favor. 

We briefly summarize below some of the most significant agreements and relationships we continue to have with 
Navient. For additional information regarding the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the other ancillary agreements, 
see our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014.

Separation and Distribution Agreement

• 

• 

• 

• 

The Separation and Distribution Agreement addresses, among other things, the following ongoing activities:

the obligation of each party to indemnify the other against liabilities retained or assumed by that party pursuant to the 
Separation and Distribution Agreement and in connection with claims of third-parties; 

the allocation among the parties of rights and obligations under insurance policies; 

the agreement of the Company and Navient (i) not to engage in certain competitive business activities for a period of 
five years, (ii) as to the effect of the non-competition provisions on post-spin merger and acquisition activities of the 
parties and (iii) regarding “first look” opportunities; and

the creation of a governance structure, including a separation oversight committee of representatives from the 
Company and Navient, by which matters related to the separation and other transactions contemplated by the 
Separation and Distribution Agreement will be monitored and managed.

The Separation and Distribution Agreement provides specific processes and procedures pursuant to which we may submit 

claims for indemnification to Navient and, to date, Navient has acknowledged and accepted substantially all claims that we 
have submitted.  Nonetheless, if for any reason Navient is unable or unwilling to pay claims made against it, our costs, 
operating expenses, cash flows and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected over time.

75

Transition Services

During a transition period, Navient and its affiliates provided the Bank with significant servicing capabilities with respect 

to Private Education Loans held by the Company and its subsidiaries. On October 13, 2014, we transitioned the Private 
Education Loan servicing to our own platform. In the second quarter of 2015, we completed the build-out of our operational 
infrastructure to independently originate Private Education Loans. It is currently anticipated that Navient will continue to 
service Private Education Loans owned by the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to individual borrowers who also have 
Private Education Loans that are owned by Navient, in order to optimize the customer’s experience.  In addition, Navient will 
continue to service and collect the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans indefinitely.

Indemnification Obligations

Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may 

arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically 
excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement. Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations 
Navient has under the Separation and Distribution Agreement and related ancillary agreements include:

• 

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the 
Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt 
repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off. The remaining amount of this indemnification at December 31, 2015 is $170 
million. In addition, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for tax assessments incurred related to identified uncertain tax 
positions taken prior to the date of the Spin-Off. At December 31, 2015, we have recorded a receivable of $16 million 
related to this indemnification. 

•  Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off 

SLM businesses operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.  

• 

Separate and apart from Navient's direct responsibility for its own actions and those of its subsidiaries, Navient will 
indemnify the Company and the Bank for any liabilities, costs or expenses they may incur arising from any action or 
threatened action related to the servicing, operations and collections activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM and its subsidiaries 
with respect to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans that were assets of the Bank or Navient at the time of the 
Spin-Off; provided that written notice is provided to Navient prior to the third anniversary date of the Spin-Off, April 
30, 2017. Navient will not indemnify for changes in law or changes in prior existing interpretations of law that occur 
on or after April 30, 2014. 

•  At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to the FDIC Consent Order. The FDIC Consent Order replaces a 

prior cease and desist order jointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI which was terminated on July 15, 
2014.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the DOJ regarding disclosures 
and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the SCRA. The DOJ Consent Order was approved by 
the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware on September 29, 2014. Under the FDIC Consent Order, the Bank 
agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or 
originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005. Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities, 
restitution and compensation under orders such as these, other than fines directly levied against the Bank.

Long-Term Arrangements

The loan servicing and administration agreement governs the terms by which Navient provides servicing, administration 

and collection services for the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans and Private Education Loans, as well as servicing history 
information with respect to Private Education Loans previously serviced by Navient and access to certain promissory notes in 
Navient’s possession. The loan servicing and administration agreement has a fixed term with a renewal option in favor of the 
Bank.

76

The data sharing agreement states the Bank will continue to have the right to obtain from Navient certain post-Spin-Off 

performance data relating to Private Education Loans owned or serviced by Navient to support and facilitate ongoing 
underwriting, originations, forecasting, performance and reserve analyses.

The tax sharing agreement governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of the Company and Navient 

after the Spin-Off relating to taxes, including with respect to the payment of taxes, the preparation and filing of tax returns and 
the conduct of tax contests. Under this agreement, each party is generally liable for taxes attributable to its business. The 
agreement also addresses the allocation of tax liabilities that are incurred as a result of the Spin-Off and related transactions. 
Additionally, the agreement restricts the parties from taking certain actions that could prevent the Spin-Off from qualifying for 
the anticipated tax treatment.

Amended Loan Participation and Purchase Agreement 

 Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold substantially all of its Private Education Loans to several former affiliates, now 

subsidiaries of Navient (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to this agreement. This agreement predates the Spin-Off but 
has been significantly amended and reduced in scope in connection with the Spin-Off. Post-Spin-Off, the Bank retains only the 
right to require the Purchasers to purchase loans (at fair value) for which the borrower also has a separate lending relationship 
with Navient when the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted 
a hardship forbearance or more than 6 months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed 
for bankruptcy.  At December 31, 2015, we held approximately $89 million of Split Loans. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Bank separately sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of 

$27.0 million in principal and $0.6 million in accrued interest income.  During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Bank 
separately sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $804.7 million in principal and $5.7 million in accrued interest income. 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $2,415.8 million in principal 
and $67.0 million in accrued interest income. 

There was no gain or loss resulting from loans sold to the Purchasers in the year ended December 31, 2015. The gain 

resulting from loans sold to the Purchasers was $35.8 million and $196.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2014 and 
2013, respectively. Total write-downs to fair value for loans sold with a fair value lower than par totaled $7.6 million, 
$53.5 million and $68.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Navient is the servicer for 
all of these loans. 

77

Item 7A.  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

Our interest rate risk management program seeks to manage and control interest rate risk, thereby reducing our exposure 
to fluctuations in interest rates and achieving consistent and acceptable levels of profit in any rate environment, and sustainable 
growth in net interest income over the long term. We evaluate and monitor interest rate risk through two primary methods:

•  Earnings at Risk (“EAR”), which measures the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on net interest income; 

and

•  Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”), which measures the sensitivity or change in the economic value of equity to 

changes in interest rates.

A number of potential interest rate scenarios are simulated using our asset liability management system.  The Bank is the 

primary source of interest rate risk within the Company. The majority of the Bank’s assets are priced off of 1-month LIBOR.  
Therefore, 1-month LIBOR is considered a core rate in our interest rate risk analysis.  Other interest rate changes are correlated 
to changes in 1-month LIBOR, with higher or lower correlations based on historical relationships.  In addition, key rates are 
modeled with a floor which indicates how low each specific rate is likely to move in practice. Rates are adjusted up or down via 
a set of scenarios that includes both rate shocks and ramps. Rate shocks represent an immediate and sustained change in 1-
month LIBOR plus the resulting changes in other indexes correlated accordingly. Interest rate ramps represent a linear increase 
in 1-month LIBOR over the course of 12 months plus the resulting changes in other indexes correlated accordingly.

The following tables summarize the potential effect on earnings over the next 24 months and the potential effect on fair 
values of balance sheet assets and liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, based upon a sensitivity analysis performed by 
management assuming a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points and 300 basis points while funding 
spreads remain constant. The EVE sensitivity is applied only to financial assets and liabilities, including hedging instruments 
that existed at the balance sheet date, and does not take into account new assets, liabilities or hedging instruments that may arise 
in 2016.

December 31,

2015

2014

+300 Basis
Points

+100 Basis
Points

+300 Basis
Points

+100 Basis
Points

EAR - Shock . . . . . . . .
EAR - Ramp. . . . . . . . .
EVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.2 %
0.1 %
-3.0 %

0.0 %
0.0 %
-1.3 %

+7.6 %
+5.9 %
-2.7 %

+2.4 %
+1.8 %
-1.5 %

A primary objective in our funding is to manage our sensitivity to changing interest rates by generally funding our assets 
with liabilities of similar interest rate repricing characteristics. This funding objective is frequently obtained through the use of 
derivatives.  Uncertainty in loan repayment cash flows and the pricing behavior of our non-maturity retail deposits pose 
challenges in achieving our interest rate risk objectives.  In addition to these considerations, we can have a mismatch in the 
index (including the frequency of reset) of floating rate debt versus floating rate assets.

As part of its suite of financial products, the Bank offers fixed-rate Private Education Loans. As with other Private 
Education Loans, the term to maturity is lengthy, and the customer has the option to repay the loan faster than the promissory 
note requires. Asset securitization provides long term fixed-rate funding for some of these assets. Additionally, a portion of the 
fixed-rate loans have been hedged with derivatives, which have been used to convert a portion of variable rate funding to fixed-
rate to match the anticipated cash flows of these loans. Any unhedged position arising from the fixed-rate loan portfolio is 

78

monitored and modeled to ensure that the interest rate risk does not cause the organization to exceed its policy limits for 
earnings at risk or for the value of equity at risk. 

In the preceding tables, the interest rate sensitivity analysis reflects the heavy balance sheet mix of fully variable LIBOR-
based loans, which exceeds the mix of fully variable funding, which in turn includes brokered CDs that have been converted to 
LIBOR through derivative transactions. The analysis does not anticipate that retail MMDAs or retail savings balances, while 
relatively sensitive to interest rate changes, will reprice to the full extent of interest rate shocks or ramps. Partially offsetting this 
asset sensitive position, is (i) the impact of FFELP loans, which receive Floor Income in low interest rate environments, and 
will therefore not reprice fully with interest rate shocks and (ii) the impact of a portion of our fixed-rate loans that have not been 
fully match-funded through derivative transactions and fixed-rate funding from asset securitization. The overall slightly asset-
sensitive position will generally cause net interest income to increase somewhat when interest rates rise. 

Although we believe that these measurements provide an estimate of our interest rate sensitivity, they do not account for 
potential changes in credit quality, balance sheet mix and size of our balance sheet. They also do not account for other business 
developments that could affect net income, or for management actions that could affect net income or could be taken to change 
our risk profile. Accordingly, we can give no assurance that actual results would not differ materially from the estimated 
outcomes of our simulations. Further, such simulations do not represent our current view of expected future interest rate 
movements.

Asset and Liability Funding Gap

The table below presents our assets and liabilities (funding) arranged by underlying indices as of December 31, 2015. In 
the following GAAP presentation, the funding gap only includes derivatives that qualify as effective hedges (those derivatives 
which are reflected in net interest margin, as opposed to those reflected in the “gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging 
activities, net” line on the consolidated statements of income). The difference between the asset and the funding is the funding 
gap for the specified index. This represents our exposure to interest rate risk in the form of basis risk and repricing risk, which 
is the risk that the different indices may reset at different frequencies or may not move in the same direction or at the same 
magnitude. (Note that all fixed-rate assets and liabilities are aggregated into one line item, which does not capture the 
differences in time due to maturity.)

(Dollars in millions)
Index
3-month Treasury bill . . . . . .
Prime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-month LIBOR . . . . . . . . . .
1-month LIBOR . . . . . . . . . .
1-month LIBOR . . . . . . . . . .
Non-Discrete reset(2) . . . . . . .
Fixed Rate(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

                ______________________

Frequency of
Variable
Resets
weekly
monthly
quarterly
monthly
daily
daily/weekly

Assets

$

162.1
7.7
—
8,632.1
953.6
2,444.2
3,014.4
$ 15,214.1

Funding (1) 

Funding
Gap

$

$

— $
—
399.2
6,069.7
—
2,597.3
6,147.9
15,214.1

$

162.1
7.7
(399.2)
2,562.4
953.6
(153.1)
(3,133.5)
—

Funding (by index) includes all derivatives that qualify as hedges.

(1)  
(2)   Assets include restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents and other overnight type instruments. 
Funding includes liquid retail deposits and the obligation to return cash collateral held related to 
derivatives exposures. 

(3)   Assets include receivables and other assets (including premiums and reserves). Funding includes 
unswapped time deposits, liquid MMDA's swapped to fixed rates and stockholders' equity. 

79

 
 
 
  
 
  
The “Funding Gap” in the above table shows primarily mismatches in the 1-month LIBOR, fixed-rate and 3-month 

LIBOR categories. As changes in 1-month and 3-month LIBOR are generally quite highly correlated, the funding gap 
associated with 3-month LIBOR is expected to partially offset the 1-month LIBOR gaps. We consider the overall risk to be 
moderate since the funding in the Non-Discrete bucket is our liquid retail portfolio, which we have significant flexibility to 
reprice at any time, and the funding in the fixed-rate bucket includes $1.7 billion of equity and $0.6 billion of non-interest 
bearing liabilities.

We use interest rate swaps and other derivatives to achieve our risk management objectives. Our asset liability 
management strategy is to match assets with debt (in combination with derivatives) that have the same underlying index and 
reset frequency or have interest rate characteristics that we believe are highly correlated. The use of funding with index types 
and reset frequencies that are different from our assets exposes us to interest rate risk in the form of basis and repricing risk. 
This could result in our cost of funds not moving in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the yield on our assets. 
While we believe this risk is low, as all of these indices are short-term with rate movements that are highly correlated over a 
long period of time, market disruptions (which have occurred in recent years) can lead to a temporary divergence between 
indices resulting in a negative impact to our earnings.

Weighted Average Life 

The following table reflects the weighted average lives of our earning assets and liabilities at December 31, 2015. 

(Averages in Years)
Earning assets
Education loans . . . . . . . . . .
Cash and investments . . . . .
Total earning assets . . . . . . .

Deposits
Short-term deposits . . . . . . .
Long-term deposits . . . . . . .
Total deposits. . . . . . . . . . . .

Borrowings
Short-term borrowings . . . .
Long-term borrowings. . . . .
Total borrowings . . . . . . . . .

Weighted

Average

Life

6.18
0.47
5.11

0.13
2.87
0.86

1.07
4.86
3.12

80

 
 
 
 
 
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

Reference is made to the financial statements listed under the heading “(a) 1.A. Financial Statements” of Item 15 hereof, 

which financial statements are incorporated by reference in response to this Item 8. 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 

Nothing to report. 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the 

effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2015. Based on this evaluation, our principal 
executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, our disclosure controls and 
procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under 
the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and 
forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal 
financial officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as 

defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, 
including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control 
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in 
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Based on our assessment and those criteria, 
management concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. 

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, as stated in their report, under the heading “(a) 1.A. Financial 
Statements” of Item 15 hereof. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 

Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 
Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely 
to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Item 9B. Other Information 

Nothing to report. 

81

 
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 

PART III. 

The information contained in the 2016 Proxy Statement, including information appearing in the sections titled “Proposal 

1 — Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Other Matters — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting 
Compliance” and “Corporate Governance” in the 2016 Proxy Statement, is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 11. Executive Compensation 

The information contained in the 2016 Proxy Statement, including information appearing in the sections titled “Executive 

Compensation” and “Director Compensation” in the 2016 Proxy Statement, is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 

The information contained in the 2016 Proxy Statement, including information appearing in the sections titled “Equity 

Compensation Plan Information,” “Ownership of Common Stock” and “Ownership of Common Stock by Directors and 
Executive Officers” in the 2016 Proxy Statement, is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 

The information contained in the 2016 Proxy Statement, including information appearing under “Other Matters — 
Certain Relationships and Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” in the 2016 Proxy Statement, is incorporated herein by 
reference. 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

The information contained in the 2016 Proxy Statement, including information appearing under “Independent Registered 

Public Accounting Firm” in the 2016 Proxy Statement, is incorporated herein by reference. 

82

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

PART IV. 

(a) 1. Financial Statements 

A. The following consolidated financial statements of SLM Corporation and the Report of the Independent Registered 
Public Accounting Firm thereon are included in Item 8 above: 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 

and 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 . .
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 . . . . . . .
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5

F-6

F-7
F-10
F-12

2. Financial Statement Schedules 

All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated 
financial statements or notes thereto. 

3. Exhibits 

The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K. 

We will furnish at cost a copy of any exhibit filed with or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-
K. Oral or written requests for copies of any exhibits should be directed to the Corporate Secretary. 

83

(b)  Exhibits 

    2.2

    3.1

    3.2

    4.1

  10.1†

  10.2†

  10.3†

  10.4†

  10.5†

Form of Separation and Distribution Agreement by and among SLM Corporation, New BLC Corporation and Navient
Corporation, dated as of April 28, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on May 2, 2014).

Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated February 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2015).

Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company effective June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 29, 2015).

Indenture, dated as of June 17, 2015, between SLM Corporation and Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, as Trustee
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on June 17, 2015).

Form of SLM Corporation Omnibus Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet (one-year restriction), 2014
Management Incentive Plan Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q filed on April 22, 2015).

Form of SLM Corporation Omnibus Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet (two-year restriction), 2014 
Management Incentive Plan Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q filed on April 22, 2015).

Form of SLM Corporation Omnibus Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet (three-year restriction), 2014
Management Incentive Plan Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-
Q filed on April 22, 2015).

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2015 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on April 22, 2015).

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Independent Director Restricted Stock Agreement 2015 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 22, 2015).

  10.6†*

SLM Corporation Executive Severance Plan for Senior Officers, including amendments as of June 25, 2015.

  10.7†*

SLM Corporation Change in Control Severance Plan for Senior Officers, including amendments as of June 25, 2015.

  10.8†

Form of Director’s Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Company’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2012).

  10.9†*

Sallie Mae Supplemental 401(k) Savings Plan, as Amended and Restated as of June 25, 2015.

  10.10†*

Sallie Mae Deferred Compensation Plan for Key Employees, as Established Effective May 1, 2014 and Amended June 25,
2015.

  10.11†*

SLM Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, as Established Effective May 1, 2014 and Amended June 25,
2015.

  10.12†

Amended and Restated SLM Corporation Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Company’s Current
Report on Form 8-K (file no. 001-13251) filed on May 25, 2005).

  10.13†

Director’s Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file no.
001-13251) filed on May 25, 2005).

  10.14†

Form of SLM Corporation Incentive Stock Plan Stock Option Agreement, Net-Settled, Performance Vested Options, 2009
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2009).

  10.15†

SLM Corporation Directors Equity Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Registration Statement on
Form S-8 (File No. 333-159447) filed on May 22, 2009).

  10.16†

SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Registration
Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-159447) filed on May 22, 2009).

84

  10.17†

Form of SLM Corporation Directors Equity Plan Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement - 2009 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2009).

  10.18†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement, Net Settled, Time Vested Options - 2010
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 7 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2010).

  10.19†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan Performance Stock Award Term Sheet, Time Vested - 2010 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2010).

  10.20†

Amendment to Stock Option and Restricted/Performance Stock Terms (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 of the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2011).

  10.21†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement, Net Settled, Time Vested Options - 2011
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2011).

  10.22†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet, Time Vested -
2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2011).

  10.23†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan, Performance Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2012 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2012).

  10.24†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2012 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2012).

  10.25†

Form of SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive Plan, Stock Option Agreement, Net Settled Options - 2012 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2012).

  10.26†

SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy
Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders filed on April 13, 2012).

  10.28†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Performance Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2013 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2013).

  10.29†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2013 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2013).

  10.30†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Stock Option Agreement, Net Settled Options-2013 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2013).

  10.31†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Independent Director Restricted Stock Agreement - 2013
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2013).

  10.32†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Independent Director Stock Option Agreement - 2013 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2013).

  10.33†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2013 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.36 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2014).

  10.34†

  10.35†

  10.36†

  10.37†

  10.38†

Letter Agreement, dated January 15, 2014 with Raymond J. Quinlan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 of the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2014).

SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - Raymond J. Quinlan Signing Award
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 of the Company’s Annual Report  on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2014).

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Bonus Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2014 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 12, 2014).

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Restricted Stock Unit Term Sheet - 2014 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 12, 2014).

Employment Agreement, dated April 21, 2014 between Laurent C. Lutz and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 24, 2014).

  10.39†*

Sallie Mae Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Amended and Restated as of June 24, 2014, Including Amendments as of June 25,
2015.

85

  10.40†

Form of SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan, Independent Director Restricted Stock Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 24, 2014).

  10.41†

Letter Agreement, dated April 24, 2014, with Jeffrey Dale (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2015).

  10.42†

Sallie Mae 401(k) Savings Plan (Effective as of April 30, 2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2015).

  10.43

  10.44

  10.45

  10.46

Transition Services Agreement by and between New Corporation and SLM Corporation, dated as of April 29, 2014
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014).

Employee Matters Agreement between New BLC Corporation and Navient Corporation, dated as of April 28, 2014
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014).

Tax Sharing Agreement between Navient Corporation and New BLC Corporation, dated as of April 29, 2014 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014).

Amended and Restated Loan Servicing and Administration Agreement between Sallie Mae Bank and Navient Solutions, Inc.,
dated as of April 30, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
May 2, 2014).

  12.1*

Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends.

  21.1*

List of Subsidiaries.

  23.1*

Consent of KPMG LLP

  31.1*

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003.

  31.2*

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003.

  32.1*

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003.

  32.2*

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

†   Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement 

*   Filed herewith 

86

 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant 

has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. 

Dated: February 26, 2016 

SLM CORPORATION

By:

/S/ RAYMOND J. QUINLAN
Raymond J. Quinlan
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the 
following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

/S/ RAYMOND J. QUINLAN
Raymond J. Quinlan

/S/ STEVEN J. MCGARRY
Steven J. McGarry

/S/ JONATHAN R. BOYLES
Jonathan R. Boyles

/S/ PAUL G. CHILD
Paul G. Child

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)

February 26, 2016

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)

February 26, 2016

Senior Vice President and Controller 
(Principal Accounting Officer)

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

/S/ MARY CARTER WARREN FRANKE
Mary Carter Warren Franke

Director

February 26, 2016

/S/ EARL A. GOODE
Earl A. Goode

/S/ RONALD F. HUNT
Ronald F. Hunt

/S/ MARIANNE M. KELER

Marianne M. Keler

/S/ JIM MATHESON

Jim Matheson

Director

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

87

 
/S/ JED H. PITCHER
Jed H. Pitcher

/S/ FRANK C. PULEO
Frank C. Puleo

/S/ VIVIAN C. SCHNECK-LAST

Director

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

Vivian C. Schneck-Last

Director

February 26, 2016

/S/ WILLIAM N. SHIEBLER
William N. Shiebler

/S/ ROBERT S. STRONG
Robert S. Strong

Director

February 26, 2016

Director

February 26, 2016

88

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

F-2

F-3

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

F-10

F-12

F-1

 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
SLM Corporation:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SLM Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of 
December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, 
period  ended  December 31,  2015. These  consolidated  financial 
and  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  years  in  the 
statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these 
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts 
and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of 
period  ended  December 31,  2015,  in  conformity  with  U.S. generally  accepted  accounting 
the  years  in  the 
principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
SLM Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 
(COSO), and our report dated February 26, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

McLean, Virginia
February 26, 2016

F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
SLM Corporation:

We have audited SLM Corporation’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based 
on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective 
internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, 
included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to 
express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective 
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding 
of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the 
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such 
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for 
our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts 
and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of 
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, 
use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee 
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), 
the consolidated balance sheets of SLM Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related 
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the 
three-year period ended December 31, 2015, and our report dated February 26, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on 
those consolidated financial statements.

McLean, Virginia 
February 26, 2016

/s/ KPMG LLP

F-3

SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Available-for-sale investments at fair value (cost of $196,402 and
$167,740, respectively) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $112,507 and
$83,842, respectively) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted cash and investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other interest-earning assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accrued interest receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Premises and equipment, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquired intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax indemnification receivable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

2015

2014

$

2,416,219

$

2,359,780

195,391

168,934

11,630,591
27,980
54,845
564,496
81,273
1,745
186,076
55,482

9,509,786
4,804
72,479
469,697
78,470
3,225
240,311
64,757

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

15,214,098

$

12,972,243

Liabilities

Deposits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Long-term borrowings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income taxes payable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Upromise related liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commitments and contingencies
Equity

Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized

Series A: 3.3 million and 3.3 million shares issued, respectively, at
stated value of $50 per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Series B: 4 million and 4 million shares issued, respectively, at stated
value of $100 per share. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares
authorized: 430.7 million and 424.8 million shares, issued, respectively. .
Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (net of tax benefit $9,949 and
$7,186, respectively) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

11,487,707
500,175
579,101
166,662
275,384
108,746
13,117,775

10,540,555
—
—
191,499
293,004
117,227
11,142,285

165,000

165,000

400,000

400,000

86,136
1,135,860

(16,059)
366,609

84,961
1,090,511

(11,393)
113,066

Total SLM Corporation's stockholders' equity before treasury stock . . . . .

2,137,546

1,842,145

Less: Common stock held in treasury at cost: 4.4 million and 1.4 million
shares, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(41,223)

2,096,323

(12,187)

1,829,958

Total liabilities and equity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

15,214,098

$

12,972,243

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

 
SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Interest income:

Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

817,120

$

660,792

$

527,257

Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,247

3,751

831,118

8,913

4,589

674,294

20,090

3,853

551,200

Interest expense:

Deposits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116,386

95,774

88,019

Interest expense on short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interest expense on long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total interest expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: provisions for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net interest income after provisions for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-interest income:

Gains on sales of loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains on sales of securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total non-interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expenses:

Compensation and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total operating expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense. . . .

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income before income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preferred stock dividends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock . . . . . . . .

Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation. . .

Average common shares outstanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation .

Average common and common equivalent shares outstanding. . . . . . .

$

$

$

6,490

5,738

5

128,619

702,499

90,055

612,444

135,358

—

5,300

41,935

182,593

158,975

190,120

349,095

1,480

5,398

355,973

439,064

164,780

274,284

—

274,284

19,595

254,689

0.60

425,574

0.59

432,234

$

$

$

—

—

41

95,815

578,479

85,529

492,950

121,359

—

(3,996)

39,921

157,284

129,709

145,172

274,881

3,290

38,311

316,482

333,752

139,967

193,785

(434)

194,219

12,933

181,286

0.43

423,970

0.42

432,269

$

$

$

—

—

1,066

89,085

462,115

69,339

392,776

196,593

63,813

640

37,222

298,268

106,799

163,675

270,474

3,317

726

274,517

416,527

158,934

257,593

(1,352)

258,945

—

258,945

0.59

440,108

0.58

448,549

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)

Years Ended December 31,  

2015

2014

2013

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

274,284

$

193,785

$

257,593

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:

Unrealized (losses) gains on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reclassification adjustments for (gain) on sale of
available-for-sale securities included in other income . . . .

Total unrealized (losses) gains on investments . . . . . . . . . .

Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total unrealized (losses) gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2,205)

—

(2,205)

(5,224)

(7,429)

2,763

(4,666)

Comprehensive income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

269,618

6,066

—

6,066

(19,772)

(13,706)

5,337

(8,369)

185,416

35,802

(63,813)

(28,011)

—

(28,011)

10,639

(17,372)

240,221

Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling
interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

(434)

(1,352)

Total comprehensive income attributable to SLM Corporation

$

269,618

$

185,850

$

241,573

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In thousands)

Navient's
Subsidiary
Investment

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Total SLM
Corporation
Equity

Non-
controlling
Interest

Total Equity

Balance at December 31, 2012. . . . . . . .

$

1,068,928

$

14,348

$

1,083,276

$

6,024

$

1,089,300

Net income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax . . . .

Total comprehensive income (loss) . . . . .

258,945

—

—

(17,372)

258,945

(17,372)

241,573

(1,352)

—

(1,352)

257,593

(17,372)

240,221

Net transfers to affiliate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(163,378)

—

(163,378)

—

(163,378)

Balance at December 31, 2013. . . . . . . .

$

1,164,495

$

(3,024)

$

1,161,471

$

4,672

$

1,166,143

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share 
amounts) 

Common Stock Shares

Preferred
Stock
Shares

Issued

Treasury

Outstanding

Preferred
Stock

Common
Stock

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

Navient's
Subsidiary
Investment

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings

Treasury
Stock

Total SLM
Corporation
Equity

Non-
controlling
interest

Total Equity

— $

— $

— $

— $

1,164,495

$

(3,024)

$

— $

— $

1,161,471

$

4,672

$

1,166,143

68,173

—

126,046

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

479,409

7,300,000

422,790,320

—

422,790,320

565,000

84,558

1,062,519

(1,712,077)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,013,805

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,013,805

—

—

—

(1,365,277)

(1,365,277)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

403

—

—

—

—

—

—

47

8,280

3,271

16,394

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(8,369)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,667)

(5,266)

(47)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

194,219

(434)

193,785

(8,369)

—

(8,369)

185,850

479,409

(434)

185,416

—

479,409

—

—

(7,667)

(5,266)

—

8,683

3,271

16,394

—

—

(4,238)

(4,238)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(7,667)

(5,266)

—

8,683

3,271

16,394

(12,187)

(12,187)

(12,187)

7,300,000

424,804,125

(1,365,277)

423,438,848

$ 565,000

$

84,961

$ 1,090,511

$

— $

(11,393)

$ 113,066

$

(12,187)

$

1,829,958

$

— $

1,829,958

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-8

Balance at
December 31, 2013 .

Net income (loss) .

Other
comprehensive
loss, net of tax . . .

Total
comprehensive
income (loss) . . . . . .

Net transfers from
affiliate . . . . . . . . . . .

Separation
adjustments related
to Spin-Off of
Navient
Corporation. . . . . . .

Sale of non-
controlling interest .

Cash dividends:

Preferred Stock,
series A ($2.61
per share). . . . . . .

Preferred Stock, 
series B ($1.47 
per share). . . . . . .

Dividend equivalent
units related to
employee stock-
based compensation
plans . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Issuance of common
shares . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tax benefit related
to employee stock-
based compensation

Stock-based
compensation
expense. . . . . . . . . . .

Shares repurchased
related to employee
stock-based
compensation plans

Balance at
December 31, 2014 .

SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) 

Common Stock Shares

Preferred Stock
Shares

Issued

Treasury

Outstanding

Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Additional
Paid-In Capital

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Retained
Earnings

Treasury Stock

Total SLM
Corporation
Equity

Balance at December 31, 2014 . . . . .

7,300,000

424,804,125

(1,365,277)

423,438,848

565,000

84,961

1,090,511

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other comprehensive loss, net of
tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total comprehensive income . . . . . .

Separation adjustments related to
the Spin-Off of Navient
Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash dividends:

Preferred Stock, series A ($3.48
per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preferred Stock, series B ($2.06 
per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividend equivalent units related to
employee stock-based
compensation plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Issuance of common shares . . . . . . .

Tax benefit related to employee
stock-based compensation . . . . . . . .

Stock-based compensation expense .

Shares repurchased related to
employee stock-based
compensation plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance at December 31, 2015 . . . . .

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,873,309

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,873,309

—

—

(3,008,913)

(3,008,913)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,175

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,660

—

—

1,146

14,805

6,140

21,598

—

(11,393)

—

(4,666)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

113,066

274,284

—

—

—

(11,501)

(8,094)

(1,146)

—

—

—

—

(12,187)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,829,958

274,284

(4,666)

269,618

1,660

(11,501)

(8,094)

—

15,980

6,140

21,598

(29,036)

(41,223)

(29,036)

2,096,323

7,300,000

430,677,434

(4,374,190)

426,303,244

565,000

86,136

1,135,860

(16,059)

366,609

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-9

SLM CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

Operating activities

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

274,284

$

193,785

$

257,593

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Provisions for credit losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90,055

85,529

Deferred tax (benefit) provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(77,227)

(40,888)

Amortization of brokered deposit placement fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,510

10,164

Amortization of ABCP upfront fee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amortization of deferred loan origination costs and fees, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net amortization of discount on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,337

3,746

1,716

—

1,995

633

Interest income on tax indemnification receivable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5,398)

(5,904)

Depreciation of premises and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrealized (gains)/losses on derivative and hedging activities, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gains on sale of securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,437

1,480

21,598

(2,500)

—

6,099

3,290

24,971

1,214

69,339

14,567

9,754

—

2,199

(7,187)

—

5,059

3,317

15,681

(324)

—

(63,813)

Gains on sale of loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(135,358)

(121,359)

(196,593)

Other adjustments to net income, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(306)

—

1,046

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Net decrease in loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Origination of loans held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

(55)

6,519

(6,519)

3,628

(3,628)

Increase in accrued interest receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(377,648)

(331,014)

(281,856)

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash and investments, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decrease (increase) in other interest-earning assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decrease in tax indemnification receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(737)

17,634

59,633

(493)

(72,435)

44,724

Increase in other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(18,070)

(24,959)

Increase (decrease) in income tax payable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56,813

(221,222)

Increase in accrued interest payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Decrease) increase in payable due to entity that is a subsidiary of Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Decrease) increase in other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

303

(6,774)

(14,731)

2,985

8,764

(2,652)

136

(39)

—

(2,357)

56,784

239

147,379

39,096

Total adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(365,487)

(630,558)

(187,573)

Total net cash (used in) provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(91,203)

(436,773)

70,020

Investing activities

Loans acquired and originated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4,366,651)

(4,094,790)

(4,387,093)

Net proceeds from sales of loans held for investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,547,373

2,001,625

2,546,940

Proceeds from claim payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net decrease in loans held for investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Increase in restricted cash and investment - variable interest entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Purchases of available-for-sale securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,580

913,005

(22,439)

(64,112)

33,735

127,869

638,321

—

(72,049)

10,653

82,615

490,791

—

(62,097)

597,728

Total net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(1,847,509)

(1,388,371)

(731,116)

Financing activities

Brokered deposit placement fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4,098)

(15,098)

Net increase in certificates of deposit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

611,643

340,225

(12,114)

535,456

Net increase in other deposits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

324,518

1,207,487

1,126,673

Borrowings collateralized by loans in securitization trusts - issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Borrowings collateralized by loans in securitization - repaid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

620,681

(41,976)

Borrowings under ABCP facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,210,180

—

—

—

—

—

—

F-10

 
 
Repayment of borrowings under ABCP facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(710,005)

Fees paid - ABCP facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2,337)

Net decrease in deposits with entity that is a subsidiary of Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Special cash contribution from Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net capital contributions from entity that is a subsidiary of Navient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock-based awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,140

—

—

—

—

(5,633)

(126,923)

472,718

12,022

3,271

—

(164,471)

6,258

—

Preferred stock dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(19,595)

(12,933)

Dividend paid to entity that is a subsidiary of Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

(120,000)

Net cash provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,995,151

2,002,059

1,244,879

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56,439

176,915

583,783

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,359,780

2,182,865

1,599,082

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 2,416,219

$ 2,359,780

$ 2,182,865

Cash disbursements made for:

Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income taxes paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income taxes received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

111,563

205,698

$

$

90,329

401,834

$

$

(25,151) $

(3,015) $

76,901

81,194

—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-11

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

1.  Organization and Business 

SLM Corporation (“Sallie Mae,” “SLM,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) is a holding company that operates through a 
number of subsidiaries. Its predecessor was formed in 1972 as the Student Loan Marketing Association, a federally chartered 
government-sponsored enterprise (the “GSE”), with the goal of furthering access to higher education by providing liquidity to 
the education loan marketplace. Under privatization legislation passed in 1997, we incorporated SLM Corporation as a 
Delaware corporation with the GSE as a subsidiary and on December 29, 2004, we terminated the federal charter and dissolved 
the GSE. 

Our primary business is to originate and service loans we make to students and their families to finance the cost of their 

education. We use “Private Education Loans” to mean education loans to students or their families that are not made, insured or 
guaranteed by any state or federal government. Private Education Loans do not include loans insured or guaranteed under the 
previously existing Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”). The core of our marketing strategy is to generate 
Private Education Loan originations by promoting our products on campuses through the financial aid offices as well as 
through online and direct marketing to students and their families. Since the beginning of 2006, virtually all of our Private 
Education Loans have been originated and funded by Sallie Mae Bank (the “Bank”), a Utah industrial bank subsidiary, which is 
regulated by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and 
the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"). We also operate Upromise, Inc. (“Upromise”), a consumer savings 
network that provides financial rewards on everyday purchases to help families save for college.

On April 30, 2014, we completed our plan to legally separate into two distinct publicly traded entities: an education loan 

management, servicing and asset recovery business, named Navient Corporation (“Navient”); and a consumer banking 
business, named SLM Corporation. The separation of Navient from SLM Corporation (the “Spin-Off”) was preceded by an 
internal corporate reorganization, which was the first step to separate the education loan management, servicing and asset 
recovery business from the consumer banking business.  As a result of a holding company merger under Section 251(g) of the 
Delaware General Corporation Law, which is referred to herein as the “SLM Merger,” all of the shares of then existing SLM 
Corporation’s common stock were converted, on a 1-to-1 basis,  into shares of common stock of New BLC Corporation, a 
newly formed company that was a subsidiary of pre-Spin-Off SLM Corporation (“pre-Spin-Off SLM”), and, pursuant to the 
SLM Merger, New BLC Corporation replaced then existing SLM Corporation as the publicly traded registrant and changed its 
name to SLM Corporation. As part of the internal corporate reorganization, the assets and liabilities associated with the 
education loan management, servicing and asset recovery business were transferred to Navient, and those assets and liabilities 
associated with the consumer banking business remained with or were transferred to the newly constituted SLM Corporation. 
The separation and distribution were accounted for on a substantially tax-free basis.

F-12

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation 

The financial reporting and accounting policies of SLM Corporation conform to generally accepted accounting principles 

in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In conjunction with the Spin-Off, our consolidated financial statements are 
comprised of financial information relating to the Bank and Upromise. Also included in our financial statements, for periods 
before the Spin-Off, are certain general corporate overhead expenses allocated to the Company.

The timing and steps necessary to complete the Spin-Off and comply with the Securities and Exchange Commission 

(“SEC”) reporting requirements, including the replacement of pre-Spin-Off SLM with our current publicly traded registrant, 
have resulted in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 filed with the SEC on February 19, 
2014, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, filed with the SEC on May 12, 2014, 
providing business results and financial information for the periods reported therein on the basis of the consolidated businesses 
of pre-Spin-Off SLM.  While information contained in those prior reports may provide meaningful historical context for our 
business, the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014 was our first periodic report made on the 
basis of the post-Spin-Off business.   

For periods before the Spin-Off, these financial statements are presented on a basis of accounting that reflects a change in 

reporting entity and have been adjusted for the effects of the Spin-Off. These carved-out financial statements and selected 
financial information represent only those operations, assets, liabilities and equity that form Sallie Mae on a stand-alone basis. 
Because the Spin-Off occurred on April 30, 2014, these financial statements include the carved-out financial results for the first 
four months of 2014. All prior period amounts represent comparably determined carved-out amounts. The year ended 
December 31, 2015 was the first full year where the financial results did not include the effect of carved-out amounts.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the 
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results 
could differ from those estimates. Key accounting policies that include significant judgments and estimates include the 
valuation of allowance for loan losses, fair value measurements and derivative accounting.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SLM Corporation and its majority-owned and controlled 

subsidiaries after eliminating the effects of intercompany accounts and transactions.

We consolidate any variable interest entity (“VIE”) where we have determined we are the primary beneficiary.  The 
primary beneficiary is the entity which has both: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact 
the VIE’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity that could potentially 
be significant to the VIE.  

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”) and commercial bank 
accounts, and other short-term liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Fees associated with investing 
cash and cash equivalents are amortized into interest income using the effective interest rate method. 

F-13

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Investments

Investments consisted of only mortgage-backed securities in 2015 and 2014. We record our investment purchases and 

sales on a trade date basis. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of 
discounts, which are amortized using the effective interest rate method. 

Our investments are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-

sale investments are recorded in equity and are reported as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss), net of 
applicable income taxes, unless a decline in the investment’s value is considered to be other-than-temporary, in which case the 
loss is recorded directly to earnings. 

Management reviews all investments at least quarterly to determine whether any impairment is other-than-temporary. 
Impairment is evaluated by considering several factors, including the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been 
less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability to retain the investment to 
allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value. If, based on the analysis, it is determined that the impairment is other-than-
temporary, the investment is written down to fair value and a loss is recognized through earnings. 

Loans Held for Investment

Loans, consisting of Private Education Loans and FFELP loans, that we have the ability and intent to hold for the 

foreseeable future are classified as held for investment, and are carried at amortized cost. Amortized cost includes the 
unamortized premiums, discounts, and capitalized origination costs and fees, all of which are amortized to interest income as 
discussed under “Loan Interest Income.” Loans which are held for investment are reported net of an allowance for loan losses.

Prior to the Spin-Off, we participated in FFELP rehabilitation loan auctions whereby we bid on portfolios of rehabilitated 
FFELP loans offered for sale by guarantors.  For a loan to be eligible for rehabilitation, the guaranty agency must have received 
reasonable and affordable payments for 9 out of 10 months, at which time the borrower may request that the loan be 
rehabilitated. Because monthly payments are usually greater after rehabilitation, not all borrowers request rehabilitation. Upon 
rehabilitation, a borrower is again eligible for all of the benefits under the Higher Education Act that he or she was not eligible 
for as a borrower on a defaulted loan, such as new federal aid, and the default on the borrower’s credit record is expunged. No 
student loan may be rehabilitated more than once. We did not purchase any of these loans in 2015. In 2014, we purchased 
$7.5 million of these loans, at 102 percent of par value.  These loans were subject to our Allowance for Loan Loss reserve 
methodology. We no longer intend to purchase any FFELP loans.

Restricted Cash and Investments

Restricted cash and investments primarily include amounts held in student loan securitization trusts and other secured 
borrowings. This cash must be used to make payments related to trust obligations. Amounts on deposit in these accounts are 
primarily the result of timing differences between when principal and interest is collected on the trust assets and when principal 
and interest is paid on trust liabilities. 

Allowance for Loan Losses

We consider a loan to be impaired when, based on current information, a loss has been incurred and it is probable that we 

will not receive all contractual amounts due. When making our assessment as to whether a loan is impaired, we also take into 
account more than insignificant delays in payment. We generally evaluate impaired loans on an aggregate basis by grouping 
similar loans. We maintain an allowance for loan losses at an amount sufficient to absorb probable losses incurred in our 
portfolios, as well as future loan commitments, at the reporting date based on a projection of estimated probable credit losses 
incurred in the portfolio.

F-14

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

We analyze our portfolios to determine the effects that the various stages of delinquency and forbearance have on 

borrower default behavior and ultimate charge off.  We estimate the allowance for loan losses for our loan portfolios using a roll 
rate analysis of delinquent and current accounts.  A “roll rate analysis” is a technique used to estimate the likelihood that a loan 
receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately charge off. We also take into account the current 
and future economic environment and certain other qualitative factors when calculating the allowance for loan losses.

The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be 
susceptible to significant changes. Our default estimates are based on a loss emergence period of one year for Private Education 
Loans and two years for FFELP Loans. A loss emergence period represents the expected period between the first occurrence of 
an event likely to cause a loss on a loan and the date the loan is expected to be charged off, taking into consideration account 
management practices that affect the timing of a loss, such as the usage of forbearance. The loss emergence period underlying 
the allowance for loan losses is subject to a number of assumptions. If actual future performance in delinquency, charge-offs 
and recoveries are significantly different than estimated, or account management assumptions or practices were to change, this 
could materially affect the estimate of the allowance for loan losses, the timing of when losses are recognized, and the related 
provision for credit losses on our consolidated statements of income. 

We utilize various models to determine an appropriate allowance for loan losses. Changes to model inputs are made as 

deemed necessary. These models are reviewed and validated periodically.

Below we describe in further detail our policies and procedures for the allowance for loan losses as they relate to our 

Private Education Loan and FFELP Loan portfolios.

Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

We maintain an allowance for loan losses at an amount sufficient to absorb probable losses incurred in our portfolios at 

the reporting date based on a projection of estimated probable credit losses incurred in the portfolio. 

In determining the allowance for loan losses on our Private Education Loans that are not troubled debt restructurings 

(“TDRs”), we estimate the principal amount of loans that will default over the next year (one year being the expected period 
between a loss event and default) and how much we expect to recover over the same one year period related to the defaulted 
amount. The expected defaults less our expected recoveries adjusted for any qualitative factors (discussed below) equal the 
allowance related to this portfolio. Our historical experience indicates that, on average, the time between the date that a 
customer experiences a default causing event (i.e., the loss trigger event) and the date that we charge off the unrecoverable 
portion of that loan is one year.

In estimating both the non-TDR and TDR allowance amounts, we start with historical experience of customer 
delinquency and default behavior. We make judgments about which historical period to start with and then make further 
judgments about whether that historical experience is representative of future expectations and whether additional adjustments 
may be needed to those historical default rates. We may also take certain other qualitative factors into consideration when 
calculating the allowance for loan losses.  These qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, changes in the economic 
environment, changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-
off and recovery practices not already included in the analysis, and the effect of other external factors such as legal and 
regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses. 

Our non-TDR allowance for loan losses is estimated using an analysis of delinquent and current accounts. Our model is 

used to estimate the likelihood that a loan receivable may progress through the various delinquency stages and ultimately 
charge off. Once a charge-off forecast is estimated, a recovery assumption is layered on top.  In estimating recoveries, we use 
both estimates of what we would receive from the sale of delinquent loans as well as historical borrower payment behavior to 
estimate the timing and amount of future recoveries on charged-off loans.

F-15

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

In fourth quarter 2015, we stopped selling defaulted loans to third-parties and began collecting on defaulted loans in-

house.  It is our expectation that in the future we will continue to collect on defaulted loans in-house as well as sell defaulted 
loans to third-parties. Prior to this change in practice, we only used estimates of what we would receive from the sale of 
delinquent loans in estimating recoveries. For December, 31, 2015, we used both an estimate of recovery rates from in-house 
collections as well as expectations of future sales of defaulted loans to estimate the timing and amount of future recoveries on 
charged-off loans.   

The roll rate analysis model is based upon actual experience using the 120 day charge-off default aversion strategies.  

Once the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and determine if 
qualitative adjustments need to be considered.

In connection with the Spin-Off, the agreement under which the Bank previously made sales of defaulted loans to an 
affiliate was amended so that the Bank now has the right to require Navient to purchase (at fair value) loans only where (a) the 
borrower has a lending relationship with both the Bank and Navient (“Split Loans”) and (b) the Split Loans either (1) are more 
than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have been granted a hardship forbearance or more than six months of 
administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner who has filed for bankruptcy. At December 31, 2015, we held 
approximately $89 million of Split Loans.

Pre-Spin-Off SLM charged off loans when they were 212 days delinquent. As such, default aversion strategies were 
focused on the final stages of delinquency, from 150 days to 212 days. In connection with the Spin-Off, we changed our charge-
off policy for Private Education Loans to charging off loans when they reach 120 days delinquent. As a result of changing our 
corporate charge-off policy and greatly reducing the number of potentially delinquent loans we sell to Navient, our default 
aversion strategies now focus on loans 30 to 120 days delinquent.  This change has the effect of accelerating the recognition of 
losses due to the shorter charge-off period (120 days).  In addition, at the time of the Spin-Off, we changed our loss emergence 
period from two years to one year to reflect the shorter charge-off policy and our revised servicing practices.  These two 
changes resulted in recognizing a $14 million net reduction in our allowance for loan losses in second quarter 2014 because we 
are now only reserving for one year of losses as compared with two years under the prior policy, which more than offset the 
impact of the shorter charge-off period.  

Troubled Debt Restructurings 

Separately, for our TDR portfolio, we estimate an allowance amount sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses 

through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the loan’s basis and the present value of expected future 
cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery assumptions) discounted at the loan’s original effective 
interest rate. Our TDR portfolio is comprised mostly of loans with interest rate reductions and forbearance usage greater than 
three months.  

We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications may increase the ability and 

willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount collected on a loan.  These 
modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan.  In 
the first nine months after a loan enters full principal and interest repayment, the loan may be in forbearance for up to six 
months without it being classified as a TDR.  Once the initial nine-month period described above is over, however, any loan 
that receives more than three months of forbearance in a twenty-four month period is classified as a TDR.  Also, a loan becomes 
a TDR when it is modified to reduce the interest rate on the loan (regardless of when such modification occurs and/or whether 
such interest rate is temporary).  The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of 
payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan.  Approximately 23 percent and 10 percent of the loans 
granted forbearance as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, have been classified as TDRs due to their 
forbearance status.  

F-16

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Key Credit Quality Indicators

We determine the collectability of our Private Education Loan portfolio by evaluating certain risk characteristics. We 

consider credit score, existence of a cosigner, loan status and loan seasoning as the key credit quality indicators because they 
have the most significant effect on the determination of the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. Credit scores are an 
indicator of the creditworthiness of a borrower and the higher the credit score the more likely it is the borrower will be able to 
make all of their contractual payments. Loan status affects the credit risk because a past due loan is more likely to result in a 
credit loss than an up-to-date loan. Additionally, loans in the deferred payment status have different credit risk profiles 
compared with those in current pay status. Loan seasoning affects credit risk because a loan with a history of making payments 
generally has a lower incidence of default than a loan with a history of making infrequent or no payments. The existence of a 
cosigner lowers the likelihood of default. We monitor and update these credit quality indicators in the analysis of the adequacy 
of our allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis. 

Certain Private Education Loans do not require borrowers to begin repayment until six months after they have graduated 

or otherwise left school. Consequently, the loss estimates for these loans is generally low while the borrower is in school. At 
December 31, 2015 and 2014, 32 percent and 36 percent, respectively, of the principal balance in the Private Education Loan 
portfolio was related to borrowers who are in an in-school (fully deferred), grace, or deferment status and not required to make 
payments. As this population of borrowers leaves school, they will be required to begin payments on their loans, and the 
allowance for losses may change accordingly. 

Similar to the rules governing FFELP payment requirements, our collection policies allow for periods of nonpayment for 

borrowers requesting additional payment grace periods upon leaving school or experiencing temporary difficulty meeting 
payment obligations. This is referred to as forbearance status and is considered separately in the allowance for loan losses. The 
loss emergence period is in alignment with the typical collection cycle and takes into account these periods of nonpayment. 

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan loss, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The 
most relevant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total 
loans and of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages. 

We consider a loan to be delinquent 31 days after the last payment was contractually due. We use a model to estimate the 
amount of uncollectible accrued interest on Private Education Loans and reserve for that amount against current period interest 
income. 

Allowance for FFELP Loan Losses

FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default subject to a Risk Sharing level 

based on the date of loan disbursement. These insurance obligations are supported by contractual rights against the United 
States. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2006, we receive 97 percent reimbursement.  For loans disbursed after October 1, 
1993, and before July 1, 2006, we receive 98 percent reimbursement on all qualifying default claims. For loans disbursed prior 
to October 1, 1993, we receive 100 percent reimbursement.

The allowance for FFELP Loan losses uses historical experience of customer default behavior and a two-year loss 

emergence period to estimate the credit losses incurred in the loan portfolio at the reporting date. We apply the default rate 
projections, net of applicable Risk Sharing, to each category for the current period to perform our quantitative calculation. Once 
the quantitative calculation is performed, we review the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and determine if qualitative 
adjustments need to be considered.

F-17

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Deposits

Our deposit accounts are principally certificates of deposit (“CD”), money market deposit accounts (“MMDA”) and high 

yield savings (“HYS”) accounts. CDs are accounts that have a stipulated maturity and interest rate.  Early withdrawal of 
brokered CDs is prohibited (except in the case of death or legal incapacity).  Retail CDs may be withdrawn early, but a penalty 
is assessed.  MMDA and HYS accounts are both interest and non-interest bearing accounts that have no maturity or expiration 
date. The depositor is not required by the deposit contract, but may at any time be required by the Company, to give written 
notice of any intended withdrawal not less than seven days before the withdrawal is made.

Upromise related liabilities

Upromise related liabilities represent amounts owed to Upromise rewards members for rebates they have earned from 

qualifying purchases from Upromise’s participating merchants. These amounts are held in trust for the benefit of the members 
until distributed in accordance with the Upromise member’s request and/or the terms of the Upromise service agreement. 
Upromise, which acts as the trustee for the trust, has deposited a majority of the cash with the Bank pursuant to a money market 
deposit account agreement between the Bank and Upromise as trustee of the trust. 

Fair Value Measurement

We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for our financial statements. Fair value 

measurements are used in one of four ways:

• 
• 

• 

• 

In the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of income;
In the consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income 
section of the consolidated statement of changes in equity;
In the consolidated balance sheet for instruments carried at lower of cost or fair value with impairment charges recorded 
in the consolidated statement of income; and
In the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing and able 

market participants. In general, our policy in estimating fair value is to first look at observable market prices for identical assets 
and liabilities in active markets, where available. When these are not available, other inputs are used to model fair value such as 
prices of similar instruments, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, default rates and credit spreads (including for our 
liabilities), relying first on observable data from active markets. Depending on current market conditions, additional 
adjustments to fair value may be based on factors such as liquidity, credit, and bid/offer spreads. Transaction costs are not 
included in the determination of fair value. When possible, we seek to validate the model’s output to market transactions. 
Depending on the availability of observable inputs and prices, different valuation models could produce materially different fair 
value estimates. The values presented may not represent future fair values and may not be realizable.

We categorize our fair value estimates based on a hierarchical framework associated with three levels of price 

transparency utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Classification is based on the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value of the instrument. The three levels are as follows:

•  Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to 

access at the measurement date. The types of financial instruments included in level 1 are highly liquid instruments with 
quoted prices.

•  Level 2 — Inputs from active markets, other than quoted prices for identical instruments, are used to determine fair 
value. Significant inputs are directly observable from active markets for substantially the full term of the asset or 
liability being valued.

F-18

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

•  Level 3 — Pricing inputs significant to the valuation are unobservable. Inputs are developed based on the best 

information available. However, significant judgment is required by us in developing the inputs.

Loan Interest Income

For loans classified as held for investment, we recognize interest income as earned, adjusted for the amortization of 
deferred direct origination costs. This adjustment is recognized based upon the expected yield of the loan over its life after 
giving effect to prepayments and extensions. The estimate of the prepayment speed includes the effect of voluntary 
prepayments, student loan defaults, and consolidation (if the loan is consolidated to a third-party), all of which shorten the life-
of-loan. Prepayment speed estimates also consider the utilization of deferment, forbearance, and extended repayment plans, 
which lengthen the life-of-loan. We regularly evaluate the assumptions used to estimate the prepayment speeds. In instances 
where there are changes to the assumptions, amortization is adjusted on a cumulative basis to reflect the change since the 
origination of the loan. We also pay to the U.S. Department of Education (“ED”) an annual 105 basis point consolidation loan 
rebate fee on FFELP consolidation loans, which is netted against loan interest income. Additionally, interest earned on 
education loans reflects potential non-payment adjustments in accordance with our uncollectible interest recognition policy as 
discussed further in “Allowance for Loan Losses” of this Note 2. We do not amortize any adjustments to the basis of education 
loans when they are classified as held-for-sale.

We recognize certain fee income (primarily late fees) on education loans when earned according to the contractual 
provisions of the promissory notes, as well as our expectation of collectability.  Fee income is recorded when earned in “other 
non-interest income” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is based upon contractual interest rates adjusted for the amortization of issuance costs. We incur interest 
expense on interest bearing deposits comprised of non-maturity savings deposits, brokered and retail CDs, brokered MMDAs 
and secured financings.  Interest expense is recognized when amounts are contractually due to deposit and debt holders and is 
adjusted for net payments/receipts related to interest rate swap agreements that qualify and are designated hedges of interest 
bearing liabilities.  Interest expense also includes the amortization of deferred gains and losses on closed hedge transactions that 
qualified as hedges.  Amortization of debt issuance costs, premiums, discounts and terminated hedge-basis adjustments are 
recognized using the effective interest rate method. We incur certain fees related to our Private Education Loan asset-backed 
commercial paper facility (the “ABCP Facility”), including an unused ABCP Facility fee, and also incur fees related to our term 
asset-backed securities ("ABS"). These fees are included in interest expense.  Refer to Note 8, “Deposits,” and Note 9, 
“Borrowings” for further details of our interest bearing liabilities.

Gains on Sale of Loans, Net

We participate and sell loans to third-parties and affiliates, including entities that were related parties prior to the Spin-

Off. These sales may occur through whole loan sales or securitization transactions that qualify for sales treatment.  If a transfer 
of loans qualifies as a sale, we derecognize the loan and recognize a gain or loss as the difference between the carry basis of the 
loan sold and liabilities retained and the compensation received.  We recognize the results of a transfer of loans based upon the 
settlement date of the transaction. These loans were initially recorded as held for investment, and were transferred to held-for-
sale immediately prior to sale or securitization. 

Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold loans to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient when loans became 90 days 
delinquent and to facilitate securitization transactions. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold $805 million and $2.4 billion of 
loans resulting in a net gain on sale of loans of $36 million and $197 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, 
respectively. Subsequent to the Spin-Off, we sold loans through loan sales and securitization transactions with third-parties 

F-19

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

(including Navient) resulting in a net gain on sale of loans of $135 million and $85 million for the years ended December 31, 
2015 and 2014, respectively.  See Note 16, “Arrangements with Navient Corporation,” for further discussion regarding loan 
purchase agreements. 

Other Income

Our Upromise subsidiary has a number of programs that encourage consumers to save for the cost of college education. 

We have established a consumer savings network, which is designed to promote college savings by consumers who are 
members of this program by encouraging them to purchase goods and services from the merchants that participate in the 
program. Participating merchants generally pay Upromise fees based on member purchase volume, either online or in stores 
depending on the contractual arrangement with the merchant. We recognize revenue as marketing and administrative services 
are rendered, based upon contractually determined rates and member purchase volumes.

 Securitization Accounting

Our securitizations transactions use a two-step structure with a special purpose entity (variable interest entity (“VIE”)) 

that legally isolates the transferred assets from us in the event of bankruptcy or receivership. Transactions receiving sale 
treatment are also structured to ensure that the holders of the beneficial interests issued are not constrained from pledging or 
exchanging their interests, and that we do not maintain effective control over the transferred assets. If these criteria are not met, 
then the transaction is accounted for as an on-balance sheet secured borrowing. If a securitization qualifies as a sale, we then 
assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of the securitization trust and are required to consolidate such trust. We are 
considered the primary beneficiary if we have both: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly 
impact the VIE’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity that could 
potentially be significant to the VIE. There can be considerable judgment as it relates to determining the primary beneficiary of 
the VIEs. There are no “bright line” tests. Rather, the assessment of who has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that 
most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the 
entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE can be very qualitative and judgmental in nature. If we are the primary 
beneficiary then no gain or loss is recognized.

We have determined that as the sponsor and servicer of Sallie Mae securitization trusts, we meet the first primary 

beneficiary criterion because we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s 
economic performance.

Irrespective of whether a securitization receives sale or on-balance sheet treatment, our continuing involvement with our 

securitization trusts is generally limited to:

•  Owning the equity certificates of certain trusts.

•  The servicing of the student loan assets within the securitization trusts, on both a pre- and post-default basis.

•  Our acting as administrator for the securitization transactions we sponsored.

•  Our responsibilities relative to representation and warranty violations.

•  The option to exercise the clean-up call and purchase the student loans from the trust when the pool balance is 10 

percent or less of the original pool balance.

In 2015 and 2014, we executed both secured financing and securitized loan sale transactions.  Based upon our 
relationships with these securitizations, we believe the consolidation assessment is straightforward.  We consolidated our 
secured financing transactions because either we did not meet the accounting criterion for sales treatment or we determined we 
were the primary beneficiary of the VIE because we retained (a) the residual interest in the securitization and therefore had the 
obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE as well as (b) the 
power to direct the activities of the VIE in our role as servicer.  For those accounted for as securitized loan sales, we were not 

F-20

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

the primary beneficiary because we have no obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be 
significant to the VIE.     

The investors in our securitization trusts have no recourse to our other assets should there be a failure of the trust to pay 
when due. Generally, the only recourse the securitization trusts have to us is in the event we breach a seller representation or 
warranty or our duties as master servicer and servicer, in which event we agree to repurchase the related loans from the trust. 

We did not record a servicing asset or servicing liability related to our securitization transactions because we determined 

the servicing fees we receive are at market rate.

Derivative Accounting

We account for our derivatives, consisting of interest rate swaps, at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets as either 

an asset or liability. Derivative positions are recorded as net positions by counterparty based on master netting arrangements 
(see Note 11, “Derivative Financial Instruments”) exclusive of accrued interest and cash collateral held or pledged. We 
determine the fair value for our derivative contracts primarily using pricing models that consider current market conditions and 
the contractual terms of the derivative contract. These factors include interest rates, time value, forward interest rate curves, and 
volatility factors. Inputs are generally from active financial markets.

The majority of our derivatives qualify as effective hedges. For these derivatives, the relationship between the hedging 

instrument and the hedged items (including the hedged risk and method for assessing effectiveness), as well as the risk 
management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions at the inception of the hedging relationship, is 
documented.

Each derivative is designated to a specific (or pool of) liability(ies) on the consolidated balance sheets, and is designated 
as either a “fair value” hedge or a “cash flow” hedge. Fair value hedges are designed to hedge our exposure to changes in fair 
value of a fixed-rate liability. For effective fair value hedges, both the hedge and the hedged item (for the risk being hedged) are 
recorded at fair value with any difference reflecting ineffectiveness which is recorded immediately in the consolidated 
statements of income. Cash flow hedges are designed to hedge our exposure to variability in cash flows related to variable rate 
deposits. The assessment of the hedge’s effectiveness is performed at inception and on an ongoing basis, generally using 
regression testing. For hedges of a pool of liabilities, tests are performed to demonstrate the similarity of individual instruments 
of the pool. When it is determined that a derivative is not currently an effective hedge, ineffectiveness is recognized for the full 
change in fair value of the derivative with no offsetting amount from the hedged item since the last time it was effective. If it is 
also determined the hedge will not be effective in the future, we discontinue the hedge accounting prospectively and begin 
amortization of any basis adjustments that exist related to the hedged item.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize stock-based compensation cost in our consolidated statements of income using the fair value method. 
Under this method, we determine the fair value of the stock-based compensation at the time of the grant and recognize the 
resulting compensation expense over the vesting period of the stock-based grant.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of deferred tax 
liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax 
basis of our assets and liabilities. To the extent tax laws change, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted in the period that 
the tax change is enacted.

“Income tax expense/(benefit)” includes (i) deferred tax expense/(benefit), which represents the net change in the 
deferred tax asset or liability balance during the year when applicable, and (ii) current tax expense/(benefit), which represents 

F-21

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

the amount of tax currently payable to or receivable from a tax authority plus amounts accrued for unrecognized tax benefits. 
Income tax expense/(benefit) excludes the tax effects related to adjustments recorded in equity.

An uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the 

technical merits of the position. The amount of tax benefit recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest 
amount of benefit that is more than fifty percent likely of being sustained upon ultimate settlement of the uncertain tax position. 
We recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense/(benefit), and penalties, if any, in operating 
expenses.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we have become the taxpayer legally responsible for $283 million of deferred taxes 
payable (installment payments due quarterly through 2018) in connection with gains recognized by pre-Spin-Off SLM on debt 
repurchases in prior years. As part of the tax sharing agreement between us and Navient, Navient has agreed to fully pay us for 
these deferred taxes due.  An indemnification receivable of $291 million was recorded, which represents the fair value of the 
future payments under the agreement based on a discounted cash flow model. We will accrue interest income on the 
indemnification receivable using the interest method.

We also recorded a liability related to uncertain tax positions of $27 million for which we are indemnified by Navient.  If 
there is an adjustment to the indemnified uncertain tax liability, an offsetting adjustment to the indemnification receivable will 
be recorded as pre-tax adjustment to the income statement.

As of the date of the Spin-Off on April 30, 2014, we recorded a liability of $310 million ($283 million related to deferred 

taxes and $27 million related to uncertain tax positions) and an indemnification receivable of $291 million ($310 million less 
the $19 million discount). As of December 31, 2015, the liability balance is $207 million ($191 million related to deferred taxes 
and $16 million related to uncertain tax positions) and the indemnification receivable balance is $186 million ($170 million 
related to deferred taxes and $16 million related to uncertain tax positions). 

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, to be 

consistent with classifications adopted for 2015, which had no effect on net income, total assets or total liabilities. 

Recently Issued but Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 

No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which 
it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue 
recognition guidance when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective on January 1, 2018. Early application is not 
permitted. The adoption of this guidance by the Company is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial 
statements.

On April 7, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” The ASU 

requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction 
from the carrying amount of that debt liability. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and 
interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance by the Company is not 
expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

On April 15, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, “Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing 

Arrangement.” The ASU amends its guidance on internal use software to clarify how customers in cloud computing 
arrangements should determine whether the arrangement includes a software license. The new standard is effective for annual 
periods, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a 
material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

F-22

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

2. Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

On January 5, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and 
Financial Liabilities” which changes the income statement impact of equity investments, and the recognition of changes in fair 
value of financial liabilities when the fair value option is elected. The new standard is effective on January 1, 2018.  The 
adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On February 18, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the 
Consolidation Analysis,” which amends the current consolidation guidance. The amendments reduce the number of 
consolidation models through the elimination of the indefinite deferral of ASC 810 and place more emphasis on risk of loss 
when determining a controlling financial interest. The standard is effective January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted 
during an interim period in fiscal year 2015. In the third quarter of 2015, we elected to early adopt the new accounting guidance 
retrospectively to July 1, 2015. The early adoption of this standard had no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

F-23

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

3.  Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2015, cash and cash equivalents include cash due from the FRB of $2.4 billion and cash due from 
depository institutions of $22.4 million.  As of December 31, 2014, cash and cash equivalents include cash due from the FRB of 
$2.3 billion and cash due from depository institutions of $14.9 million.  As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no 
outstanding cash equivalents.

In 2010, the FRB introduced the Term Deposit Facility to facilitate the conduct of monetary policy by providing a tool 
that may be used to manage the aggregate quantity of reserve balances held by depository institutions.  Under this program, the 
FRB accepts deposits for a stated maturity at a rate of interest determined via auction.  The funds are removed from the 
accounts of participating institutions for the life of the term deposit.  We participated in these auctions in 2015 and 2014, 
resulting in interest income of $0.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively.  As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, no funds were 
on deposit with the FRB under this program.

We are required to maintain average reserve balances with the FRB based on a percentage of deposits.  The average 

amounts of those reserves for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $1.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

4.  Investments

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:

As of December 31, 2015

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

Available for sale:

Mortgage-backed securities . . . . .

$

196,402

$

1,370

$

(2,381) $

195,391

As of December 31, 2014

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

Available for sale:

Mortgage-backed securities . . . . .

$

167,740

$

2,686

$

(1,492) $

168,934

F-24

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

4. Investments (Continued)

The following table summarizes the amount of gross unrealized losses for our mortgage-backed securities and the 

estimated fair value by length of time the securities have been in an unrealized loss position:

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Total

Gross
unrealized
losses

Estimated
fair value

Gross
unrealized
losses

Estimated
fair value

Gross
unrealized
losses

Estimated
fair value

As of December 31, 2015:

Mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . .

$

(827) $

73,802

$

(1,554) $

39,271

$

(2,381) $

113,073

As of December 31, 2014:

Mortgage-backed securities . . . . . . .

$

(27) $

12,147

$

(1,465) $

41,462

$

(1,492) $

53,609

Our investment portfolio is comprised of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie 
Mac, with amortized costs of $93.6 million, $78.7 million, and $24.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015. We own 
these securities to meet our requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. As of December 31, 2015, there were 35 of 
74 separate mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. Fourteen of the 35 securities in a net 
loss position were issued under Ginnie Mae programs that carry a full faith and credit guarantee from the U.S. Government. 
The remaining securities in a net loss position carry a principal and interest guarantee by Fannie Mae. As of December 31, 
2014, there were 13 of 56 separate mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses in our investment portfolio. Nine of the 
13 securities in a net loss position were issued by Ginnie Mae. We have the ability and the intent to hold these securities for a 
period of time sufficient for the market price to recover to at least the adjusted amortized cost of the security. 

As of December 31, 2015, the amortized cost and fair value of securities, by contractual maturities, are summarized 

below. Contractual maturities versus actual maturities may differ due to the effect of prepayments. 

Year of Maturity

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair Value

2038 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

284

$

2039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2042 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2043 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2044 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2045 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,539

22,336

59,961

47,833

58,449

307

8,054

21,282

60,165

47,815

57,768

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

196,402

$

195,391

In October 2013, we sold our asset-backed security portfolio for a gain of $63.8 million. We no longer hold asset-backed 

securities in our investment portfolio. 

The mortgage-backed securities have been pledged to the FRB as collateral against any advances and accrued interest 
under the Primary Credit program or any other program sponsored by the FRB.  We had $188.3 million and $160.9 million par 
value of mortgage-backed securities pledged to this borrowing facility at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as 
discussed further in Note 9, “Borrowings.”

F-25

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

5. Loans Held for Investment

Loans Held for Investment consist of Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans. 

Our Private Education Loans are made largely to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount 

funded through financial aid, government loans and customers’ resources. Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of 
the customer. We manage this risk through risk-performance underwriting strategies and qualified cosigners. Private Education 
Loans generally carry a variable rate indexed to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2015, 81 percent of all Private Education Loans 
were indexed to LIBOR. We provide incentives for customers to include a cosigner on the loan, and the vast majority of loans 
in our portfolio are cosigned. We also encourage customers to make payments while in school.

FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default subject to a Risk Sharing level 

based on the date of loan disbursement. These insurance obligations are supported by contractual rights against the United 
States. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2006, we receive 97 percent reimbursement. For loans disbursed after October 1, 
1993, and before July 1, 2006, we receive 98 percent reimbursement on all qualifying claims. For loans disbursed prior to 
October 1, 1993, we receive 100 percent reimbursement.

Loans held for investment are summarized as follows:

December 31,

2015

2014

Private Education Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

10,596,437

$

8,311,376

Deferred origination costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,884

(108,816)

13,845

(78,574)

Total Private Education Loans, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,515,505

8,246,647

FFELP Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,115,663

1,264,807

Unamortized acquisition costs, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allowance for loan losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,114

(3,691)

3,600

(5,268)

Total FFELP Loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,115,086

1,263,139

Loans held for investment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

11,630,591

$

9,509,786

The estimated weighted average life of education loans in our portfolio was approximately 6.2 years at both 

December 31, 2015 and 2014. 

F-26

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

5. Loans Held for Investment (Continued)

The average balance and the respective weighted average interest rates are summarized as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate

Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate

Average
Balance

Average
Balance

Average
Balance

Private Education Loans . . .

$

9,819,053

7.93% $ 7,563,356

8.16% $5,996,651

FFELP Loans . . . . . . . . . . .

1,179,723

3.26

1,353,497

3.24

1,142,979

Total portfolio . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 10,998,776

$ 8,916,853

$7,139,630

Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate

8.16%

3.32

Certain Collection Tools — Private Education Loans

Forbearance involves granting the customer a temporary cessation of payments (or temporary acceptance of smaller than 
scheduled payments) for a specified period of time. Using forbearance extends the original term of the loan. Forbearance does 
not grant any reduction in the total repayment obligation (principal or interest). While in forbearance status, interest continues 
to accrue and is capitalized to principal when the loan re-enters repayment status. Our forbearance policies include limits on the 
number of forbearance months granted consecutively and the total number of forbearance months granted over the life of the 
loan. In some instances, we require good-faith payments before granting forbearance. Exceptions to forbearance policies are 
permitted when such exceptions are judged to increase the likelihood of collection of the loan. Forbearance as a collection tool 
is used most effectively when applied based on a customer’s unique situation, including historical information and judgments. 
We leverage updated customer information and other decision support tools to best determine who will be granted forbearance 
based on our expectations as to a customer’s ability and willingness to repay their obligation. This strategy is aimed at 
mitigating the overall risk of the portfolio as well as encouraging cash resolution of delinquent loans.

Forbearance may be granted to customers who are exiting their grace period to provide additional time to obtain 

employment and income to support their obligations, or to current customers who are faced with a hardship and request 
forbearance time to provide temporary payment relief. In these circumstances, a customer’s loan is placed into a forbearance 
status in limited monthly increments and is reflected in the forbearance status at month-end during this time. At the end of the 
granted forbearance period, the customer will enter repayment status as current and is expected to begin making scheduled 
monthly payments on a go-forward basis.

Forbearance may also be granted to customers who are delinquent in their payments. If specific requirements are met, the 

forbearance can cure the delinquency and the customer is returned to a current repayment status. In more limited instances, 
delinquent customers will also be granted additional forbearance time.

We also have an interest rate reduction program to assist customers in repaying their Private Education Loans through 

reduced payments, while continuing to reduce their outstanding principal balance. This program is offered in situations where 
the potential for principal recovery, through an interest rate reduction that results in a lower monthly payment amount, is more 
suitable than other alternatives currently available. As part of demonstrating the ability and willingness to pay, the customer 
must make three consecutive monthly payments at the reduced rate to qualify for the program. Once the customer has made the 
initial three payments, the loan’s status is returned to current and the interest rate is reduced for a twenty-four month period.

F-27

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

5. Loans Held for Investment (Continued)

During the first four months of 2014, and all of 2013, we did not utilize these collection tools because we sold loans that 
would otherwise be managed using one or more of these collection tools to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient.  See 
Note 16, “Arrangements with Navient Corporation.”

The period of delinquency for loans is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due. As of 

December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $122.9 million and $201.7 million, respectively, of FFELP loans and $20.9 million and 
$10.7 million, respectively, of Private Education Loans held for investment which were more than 90 days delinquent that 
continue to accrue interest.  At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had no loans in nonaccrual status.

Borrower-in-Custody Arrangements

We maintain Borrower-in-Custody arrangements with the FRB. Under these arrangements, we can pledge FFELP 
consolidation or Private Education Loans to the FRB to secure any advances and accrued interest generated under the Primary 
Credit program at the FRB. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $0 and $0, respectively, of FFELP consolidation loans 
and $1.7 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, of Private Education Loans pledged to this borrowing facility, as discussed 
further in Note 9, “Borrowings.”

Loans Held for Investment by Region

At December 31, 2015, 39.8 percent of total education loans were concentrated in the following states: 

New York . . . . . . .

10.1%

2015

California . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . .

9.6

8.1

6.7

5.3

39.8%

At December 31, 2014, 38.8 percent of total education loans were concentrated in the following states: 

California . . . . . . .

10.1%

2014

New York . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania. . . . .

New Jersey . . . . . .

Illinois. . . . . . . . . .

9.5

7.7

6.3

5.2

38.8%

No other state had a concentration of total education loans in excess of 5 percent of the aggregate outstanding loans held 

for investment.

F-28

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6.  Allowance for Loan Losses

Our provision for credit losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred 

probable losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently 
subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe the allowance for loan 
losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies — 
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses and — Allowance for FFELP Loan Losses” for a more detailed discussion. 

Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics

Allowance for Loan Losses

Year Ended December 31, 2015

FFELP Loans

Private Education
Loans

Total

Allowance for Loan Losses

Beginning balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Total provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs:

   Charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

   Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan sales(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,268

1,005

(2,582)

—

(2,582)

—

$

78,574

$

87,344

(55,357)

5,820

(49,537)

(7,565)

Ending Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

3,691

$

108,816

Allowance:

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Loans:

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(2)
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance. . . . .
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2) . .

Allowance coverage of net charge-offs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ending total loans, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average loans in repayment(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending loans in repayment(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

____________

— $

3,691

$

43,480

65,336

— $

265,831

1,115,663

$

10,330,606

0.30%

0.33%

0.45%

1.43

0.82%

1.03%

1.57%

2.20

1,115,663

857,359

813,815

$

$

$

10,596,437

6,031,741

6,927,266

$

$

$

$

$

83,842

88,349

(57,939)

5,820

(52,119)

(7,565)

112,507

43,480

69,027

265,831

11,446,269

(1)  Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.
(2)  Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have 

entered full principal and interest repayment status. 

F-29

 
 
 
 
    
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses

Year Ended December 31, 2014

FFELP Loans

Private Education
Loans

Total

Allowance for Loan Losses

Beginning balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Total provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs:
   Charge-offs(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

   Recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan sales(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,318

1,946

(2,996)

—

(2,996)

—

$

61,763

$

83,583

(14,442)

1,155

(13,287)

(53,485)

78,574

Ending Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

5,268

$

Allowance:

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Loans:

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . .
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(3)
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance. . . . .
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(3) . .

Allowance coverage of net charge-offs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ending total loans, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average loans in repayment(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending loans in repayment(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

____________

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

— $

5,268

$

9,815

68,759

— $

59,402

1,264,807

$

8,251,974

0.31%

0.42%

0.57%

1.76

0.30%

0.95%

1.53%

5.91

1,264,807

972,390

926,891

$

$

$

8,311,376

4,495,709

5,149,215

$

$

$

$

$

68,081

85,529

(17,438)

1,155

(16,283)

(53,485)

83,842

9,815

74,027

59,402

9,516,781

(1) 

Prior to the Spin-Off, we sold all loans greater than 90 days delinquent to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient Corporation, prior to 
being charged-off. Consequently, many of the pre-Spin-Off, historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not comparable 
and may not be indicative of future performance.

(2)  Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.

(3) 

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full 
principal and interest repayment status.

F-30

 
 
    
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses

Year Ended December 31, 2013

FFELP Loans

Private Education
Loans

Total

Allowance for Loan Losses

Beginning balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Total provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs:
   Charge-offs(1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

   Recoveries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net charge-offs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loan sales(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,971

4,384

(2,037)

—

(2,037)

—

$

65,218

$

64,955

—

—

—

(68,410)

Ending Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

6,318

$

61,763

$

69,189

69,339

(2,037)

—

(2,037)

(68,410)

68,081

Allowance:

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment. . . . . . . . . .
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . . . .

Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment. . . . . . . . . .

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment . . . . . . . . . .
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment(3) . .

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance . . . . . .
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(3). . . .

Allowance coverage of net charge-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ending total loans, gross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average loans in repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending loans in repayment(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$
$

$

$

$

$

$

____________

— $
$

6,318

— $
$

61,763

—
68,081

— $

— $

—

1,426,972

$

6,563,342

$

7,990,314

0.23%

0.44%

0.62%

3.10

—%

0.94%

1.55%

—

1,426,972

870,460

1,023,471

$

$

$

6,563,342

3,509,502

3,972,317

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

Prior to the Spin-Off, we sold all loans greater than 90 days delinquent to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient Corporation, prior to 
being charged-off. Consequently, many of the pre-Spin-Off, historical credit indicators and period-over-period trends are not comparable 
and may not be indicative of future performance.

 Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full 
principal and interest repayment status.

F-31

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Troubled Debt Restructurings 

All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct 

individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications 
may increase the ability and willingness of a borrower to make payments and thus increase the ultimate overall amount 
collected on a loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an 
extended repayment plan. In the first nine months after a loan enters full principal and interest repayment, the loan may be in 
forbearance for up to six months without it being classified as a TDR. Once the initial nine-month period described above is 
over, however, any loan that receives more than three months of forbearance in a twenty-four month period is classified as a 
TDR. Also, a loan becomes a TDR when it is modified to reduce the interest rate on the loan (regardless of when such 
modification occurs and/or whether such interest rate reduction is temporary). The majority of our loans that are considered 
TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan. Once a loan 
qualifies for TDR status, it remains a TDR for allowance purposes for the remainder of its life. Approximately 23 percent and 
10 percent of the loans granted forbearance as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, have been classified as TDRs due 
to their forbearance status.

Prior to the Spin-Off, we did not have TDR loans because the loans generally were sold to a now unrelated affiliate in the 

same month that the terms were restructured. Subsequent to May 1, 2014, we have individually assessed $307.2 million of 
Private Education Loans as TDRs.  When these TDR loans are determined to be impaired, we provide for an allowance for 
losses sufficient to cover life-of-loan expected losses through an impairment calculation based on the difference between the 
loan's basis and the present value of expected future cash flows (which would include life-of-loan default and recovery 
assumptions) discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate.  

Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. 
FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event 
of default and, therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk standpoint at any point in their life 
cycle prior to claim payment, and continue to accrue interest through the date of claim. 

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, all of our TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides 

the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans. 

Recorded
Investment

Unpaid
Principal
Balance

Allowance

December 31, 2015

TDR Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . $

269,628

$

265,831

$

43,480

December 31, 2014

TDR Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . $

60,278

$

59,402

$

9,815

F-32

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans.

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

Average
Recorded
Investment

Interest
Income
Recognized

Average
Recorded
Investment

Interest
Income
Recognized

TDR Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . $

174,087

$

14,081

$

23,290

$

1,105

The following table provides information regarding the loan status and aging of TDR loans.

TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment(1) . . . . . . . . . . .
TDR loans in forbearance(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TDR loans in repayment(3) and percentage of each 
status:

December 31,

December 31,

2015

2014

Balance

%

Balance

%

$

6,869

43,756

$

2,915

18,620

Loans current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(4). . . . . . . . . . .

185,936

86.4%

14,948

9,239

5,083

6.9

4.3

2.4

34,554

1,953

983

377

91.2%

5.2

2.6

1.0

Total TDR loans in repayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

215,206

100.0%

37,867

100.0%

Total TDR loans, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

265,831

$ 59,402

_____

(1)  Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted 
educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency 
periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation).

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment 
transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, 
consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed 
payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. 

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually 
past due.

F-33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

The following table provides the amount of modified loans (which includes forbearance and reductions in interest 
rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs 
occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and 
within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure. 

Modified 
Loans(1)

2015

Charge-
offs

Years Ended December 31,

2014

Payment-
Default

Modified 
Loans(1)

Charge-offs

Payment-
Default

TDR Loans . . . . . . . . . . $

244,890

$

10,877

$

51,602

$

59,402

$

948

$

325

_______
(1)   Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. 

F-34

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Key Credit Quality Indicators

FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of 

default; therefore, there are no key credit quality indicators associated with FFELP Loans. 

For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status 
and loan seasoning. The FICO scores are assessed at origination and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan's term. The 
following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality 
indicators. 

Credit Quality Indicators:

Balance

(1)

% of Balance

Balance

(1)

% of Balance

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Cosigners:

With cosigner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Without cosigner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FICO at Origination:

Less than 670 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

670-699. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

700-749. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Greater than or equal to 750 . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

9,515,136

1,081,301

10,596,437

90% $

7,465,339

10

846,037

100% $

8,311,376

700,779

1,554,959

3,403,823

4,936,876

7% $

558,801

15

32

46

1,227,860

2,626,238

3,898,477

90%

10

100%

7%

15

32

46

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

10,596,437

100% $

8,311,376

100%

Seasoning(2):

1-12 payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

3,059,901

29% $

2,373,117

13-24 payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-36 payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37-48 payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

More than 48 payments . . . . . . . . . . .

2,096,412

1,084,818

513,125

414,217

Not yet in repayment . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,427,964

20

10

5

4

32

1,532,042

755,143

411,493

212,438

3,027,143

29%

18

9

5

3

36

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

10,596,437

100% $

8,311,376

100%

___________ 

(1)  Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.

(2)  Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment 

status) for which a scheduled payment was due.

F-35

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

 The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans and the aging of our 

past due Private Education Loans. Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed 
payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status.

Private Education Loan Delinquencies

2015

December 31,

2014

2013

Balance

%

Balance

%

Balance

%

Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1). . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans in forbearance(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 3,427,964

241,207

$ 3,027,143

135,018

$ 2,574,711

16,314

Loans in repayment and percentage of each
status:

Loans current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3). . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3). . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3) . . . . .

6,773,095

97.8%

5,045,600

98.0%

3,933,143

99.0%

91,129

42,048

20,994

1.3

0.6

0.3

63,873

29,041

10,701

1.2

0.6

0.2

28,854

10,280

40

0.7

0.3

—

Total Private Education Loans in repayment . . .

6,927,266

100.0%

5,149,215

100.0%

3,972,317

100.0%

Total Private Education Loans, gross . . . . . . . . . .
Private Education Loans deferred origination
costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,596,437

27,884

Total Private Education Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,624,321

Private Education Loans allowance for losses . . .

(108,816)

8,311,376

13,845

8,325,221

(78,574)

6,563,342

5,063

6,568,405

(61,763)

Private Education Loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$10,515,505

$ 8,246,647

$ 6,506,642

Percentage of Private Education Loans in 
repayment(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delinquencies as a percentage of Private 
Education Loans in repayment(4). . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in 
repayment and forbearance(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.4%

2.2%

3.4%

62.0%

2.0%

2.6%

60.5%

1.0%

0.4%

(1)  Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational 

activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a 
grace period for bar exam preparation).

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or 
who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established 
loan program servicing policies and procedures.

The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only and fixed payments as well as 
loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status. 

F-36

 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

6. Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)

Accrued Interest Receivable

The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table 

also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for 
uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due 
portfolio for all periods presented.

Private Education Loan

Accrued Interest Receivable

Total Interest
Receivable

Greater Than 
90 Days 
Past Due

Allowance for
Uncollectible
Interest

December 31, 2015. . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31, 2014. . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

542,919

445,710

$

$

791

443

$

$

3,332

3,517

F-37

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

7. Premises and equipment, net

The following is a summary of our premises and equipment.

Land and land improvements . . . . . . . .

$

Buildings and leasehold improvements.

Furniture, fixtures and equipment . . . . .

Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Premises and equipment, gross . . . . . . .

Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

2015

2014

$

12,574

56,446

12,275

39,530

120,825

(39,552)

10,927

56,772

10,898

31,988

110,585

(32,115)

Premises and equipment, net . . . . . . . . .

$

81,273

$

78,470

Depreciation expense for premises and equipment was $7.4 million, $6.1 million and $5.1 million for the years ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 

8. Deposits

The following table summarizes total deposits at December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Deposits - interest bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deposits - non-interest bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total deposits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

December 31,

2015
$ 11,487,006
701
$ 11,487,707

2014
$ 10,539,953
602
$ 10,540,555

Interest Bearing

Interest bearing deposits as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of non-maturity savings and money market 
deposits, brokered and retail CDs, as discussed further below, and brokered MMDAs. In addition, we gather what we consider 
to be core deposits from various sources. These deposit products are serviced by third-party providers. Placement fees 
associated with the brokered CDs are amortized into interest expense using the effective interest rate method.  We recognized 
placement fee expense of $10.5 million, $10.3 million, and $9.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, 
respectively. Fees paid to third-party brokers related to these CDs were $4.1 million, $15.2 million, and $12.1 million during 
the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 

F-38

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

8. Deposits (Continued)

Interest bearing deposits at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized as follows:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Year-End 
Weighted
Average Stated 
Rate(1)

Amount

Year-End 
Weighted
Average Stated 
Rate(1)

Amount

Money market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

4,886,299

1.19% $

4,527,448

Savings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

669,254

Certificates of deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,931,453

Deposits - interest bearing. . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 11,487,006

0.82

0.98

703,687

5,308,818

$ 10,539,953

1.15%

0.81

1.00

___

(1)  Includes the effect of interest rate swaps in effective hedge relationships. 

Certificates of deposit remaining maturities are summarized as follows:

December 31,

2015

2014

One year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

2,667,980

$

1,717,891

After one year to two years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

After two years to three years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

After three years to four years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

After four years to five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

After five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,210,429

1,053,442

630,851

203,704

165,047

1,038,778

948,490

846,976

577,827

178,856

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

5,931,453

$

5,308,818

 As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were $709.9 million and $254.0 million of deposits exceeding FDIC insurance 

limits. Accrued interest on deposits was $15.7 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Non-Interest Bearing

Non-interest bearing deposits were $0.7 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.  For 

both periods, these were comprised of money market accounts related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan account. See Note 
14, “Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements” for additional details regarding this plan. 

F-39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

9. Borrowings

Outstanding borrowings consist of secured borrowings issued through our term ABS program and our ABCP Facility. The 

following table summarizes our secured borrowings at December 31, 2015. We had no secured borrowings outstanding at 
December 31, 2014.

December 31, 2015

Short-Term

Long-Term

Total

Secured borrowings:

Private Education Loan term securitizations

ABCP Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

— $

579,101

$

500,175

—

579,101

500,175

500,175

$

579,101

$

1,079,276

Short-term Borrowings

Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Funding Facility

On December 19, 2014, we closed on a $750.0 million ABCP Facility. Pursuant to FDIC safe harbor guidelines, we 
retained a 5 percent or $37.5 million ownership interest in the ABCP Facility, resulting in $712.5 million of funds available for 
us to draw under the ABCP Facility. During 2015, we incurred financing costs under the ABCP Facility of approximately 0.40 
percent on average on unused borrowing capacity and approximately 3 month LIBOR plus 0.80 percent on outstandings under 
the ABCP Facility. At December 31, 2015, $500.2 million was outstanding under the ABCP Facility, net of our 5 percent 
retention. At December 31, 2015, $923.7 million of our Private Education Loans were encumbered to support outstandings 
under the ABCP Facility. On February 25, 2016, we amended and extended the maturity of the ABCP Facility. The amended 
ABCP Facility extends the revolving period, during which we may borrow, repay and reborrow funds, until February 23, 
2017. The scheduled amortization period, during which amounts outstanding under the ABCP Facility must be repaid, ends on 
February 23, 2018. For additional information, see Note 24, “Subsequent Event.”

Short-term borrowings have a remaining term to maturity of one year or less. The following table summarizes the 
outstanding short-term borrowings, the weighted average interest rates at the end of the period and the related average balance 
and weighted average interest rates during the period. The ABCP Facility's contractual maturity is two years from the date of 
inception or renewal (one year revolving period plus a one year amortization period); however, we classify advances under our 
ABCP Facility as short term borrowings because it is our intention to repay those advances within one-year. Rates reflect stated 
interest of borrowings and related discounts and premiums.

F-40

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

9.

Borrowings (Continued)

December 31, 2015

Ending Balance

Weighted 
Average
Interest Rate

Year Ended
December 31, 2015

Average Balance

Weighted 
Average
Interest Rate

Short-term borrowings:

ABCP Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maximum outstanding at any month end. . .

$

$

500,175

710,005

0.84% $

135,064

3.10%

Long-term Borrowings

On July 30, 2015, we executed our SMB Private Education Loan Trust 2015-B term ABS transaction, which was 

accounted for as a secured financing. A total of $714.0 million of notes were issued in connection with the transaction. We 
retained a 5 percent or $33.0 million interest in the Class A and B notes, a 100 percent or $50 million interest in the Class C 
notes and 100 percent of the residual certificates issued in the securitization. $630.8 million of notes from the securitization 
were sold to third-parties, raising $623.0 million of gross proceeds. The Class A and B notes had a weighted average life of 4.8 
years and priced at a weighted average LIBOR equivalent cost of 1 month LIBOR plus 1.53 percent. At December 31, 2015, 
$687.3 million of our Private Education Loans were encumbered as a result of this transaction. 

The following table summarizes the outstanding long-term borrowings, the weighted average interest rates at the end of 
the period and the related average balance during the period. Rates reflect stated interest of borrowings and related discounts 
and premiums. The long-term borrowings amortize over time and mature serially from 2023 to 2040. 

December 31, 2015

Ending Balance

Weighted 
Average
Interest Rate

Year Ended
December 31, 
2015

Average Balance

Floating rate borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fixed rate borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

337,098

242,003

579,101

1.38% $

3.11% $

2.10% $

151,373

102,386

253,759

F-41

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

9.

Borrowings (Continued)

Secured Financings

Issue

Date Issued

Total Issued To
Third-Parties

Weighted Average Cost of Funds(1)

Weighted
Average Life

Private Education:

2015-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

July 2015

Total notes issued in 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total loan amount securitized in secured financing
in 2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

630,800

630,800

745,580

1 month LIBOR plus 1.53%

4.82

                ____________

(1) Represents LIBOR equivalent cost of funds for floating and fixed rate bonds, excluding issuance costs. 

Consolidated Funding Vehicles

We consolidate our financing entities that are VIEs as a result of our being the entities’ primary beneficiary. As a result, 
these financing VIEs are accounted for as secured borrowings. We consolidate the following financing VIEs as of December 31, 
2015: 

December 31, 2015

Debt Outstanding

Carrying Amount of Assets Securing Debt Outstanding

Short-Term

Long-Term

Total

Loans

Restricted
Cash

Other 
Assets(1)

Total

$

$

— $

579,101

500,175

—

500,175

$

579,101

$

$

579,101

$

687,298

500,175

923,687

1,079,276

$ 1,610,985

$

$

9,996

$

45,566

$

742,860

12,443

58,095

994,225

22,439

$ 103,661

$

1,737,085

Secured borrowings:

Private Education Loan
term securitization . . . . . .

ABCP Facility . . . . . . . . .

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

________

(1) Other assets primarily represents accrued interest receivable.

Other Borrowing Sources

We maintain discretionary uncommitted Federal Funds lines of credit with various correspondent banks, which totaled 

$100.0 million at December 31, 2015. The interest rate we are charged on these lines of credit is priced at Fed Funds plus a 
spread at the time of borrowing, and is payable daily. We did not utilize these lines of credit in the years ended December 31, 
2015, 2014 and 2013.

F-42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

9.

Borrowings (Continued)

We established an account at the FRB to meet eligibility requirements for access to the Primary Credit borrowing facility 

at the FRB’s Discount Window (the “Window”). The Primary Credit borrowing facility is a lending program available to 
depository institutions that are in generally sound financial condition. All borrowings at the Window must be fully 
collateralized.  We can pledge asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, as well as FFELP Loans and Private Education 
Loans, to the FRB as collateral for borrowings at the Window.  Generally, collateral value is assigned based on the estimated 
fair value of the pledged assets.  At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the value of our pledged collateral at the FRB 
totaled $1.7 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. The interest rate charged to us is the discount rate set by the FRB. We did not 
utilize this facility in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

10.  Private Education Loan Term Securitizations

We securitize Private Education Loan assets by selling these assets to securitization trusts. If a transfer of loans 

qualifies as a sale, we derecognize the loan and recognize a gain or loss as the difference between compensation received and 
the carrying basis of the loans sold and liabilities retained. We recognize the results of a transfer of loans based upon the 
settlement date of the transaction. If we have a variable interest in a VIE (e.g., a securitization trust) and have determined that 
we are the primary beneficiary, then we will consolidate the VIE and the transfer is accounted for as a financing as opposed to a 
sale. 

On October 27, 2015, we executed a $701.0 million Private Education Loan term ABS transaction that qualified for 

sale treatment and removed the principal balance of the loans backing the securitization trust from our balance sheet on the 
settlement date. We continue to service the loans in the trust. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $58.0 
million on the sale, net of closing adjustments and transaction costs, a 7.8 percent premium. 

On July 30, 2015, we executed a $714.0 million Private Education Loan term ABS transaction that was accounted for 

as a secured financing. We retained a 5 percent interest in the Class A and B notes, a 100 percent interest in the Class C notes 
and 100 percent of the residual certificates issued in the securitization. $630.8 million of notes were sold to third-parties, raising 
$623.0 million of gross proceeds. At December 31, 2015, $687.3 million of our Private Education Loans were encumbered as a 
result of this transaction.  

On April 23, 2015, we executed a $738 million Private Education Loan term ABS transaction that qualified for sale 

treatment and removed the principal balance of the loans backing the securitization trust from our balance sheet on the 
settlement date.  We continue to service the loans in the trust. In the second quarter of 2015, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $77.0 
million on the sale, net of closing adjustments and transaction costs, a 10.4 percent premium. 

11. Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Strategy

We maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to 
reduce the economic effect of interest rate changes. Our goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity by modifying the repricing 
frequency and underlying index characteristics of certain balance sheet liabilities so any adverse impacts related to movements 
in interest rates are managed within low to moderate limits. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged liabilities will 
appreciate or depreciate in market value or create variability in cash flows. Income or loss on the derivative instruments that are 
linked to the hedged item will generally offset the effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation or volatility in cash 
flows for the period the item is being hedged. We view this strategy as a prudent management of interest rate risk.

F-43

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

Although we use derivatives to reduce the risk of interest rate changes, the use of derivatives does expose us to both 
market and credit risk. Market risk is the chance of financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates and market liquidity. 
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under a contract and it is limited to the loss of the fair 
value gain in a derivative that the counterparty owes us less collateral held or plus collateral posted. When the fair value of a 
derivative contract less collateral held or plus collateral posted is negative, we owe the counterparty and, therefore, we have no 
credit risk exposure to the counterparty; however, the counterparty has exposure to us. We minimize the credit risk in derivative 
instruments by entering into transactions with highly rated counterparties that are reviewed regularly by our Credit Department. 
We also maintain a policy of requiring that all derivative contracts be governed by an International Swaps and Derivative 
Association Master Agreement. Depending on the nature of the derivative transaction, bilateral collateral arrangements are 
required as well. When we have more than one outstanding derivative transaction with the counterparty, and there exists legally 
enforceable netting provisions with the counterparty (i.e., a legal right to offset receivable and payable derivative contracts), the 
“net” mark-to-market exposure, less collateral held or plus collateral posted, represents exposure with the counterparty. When 
there is a net negative exposure, we consider our exposure to the counterparty to be zero. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we 
had a net positive exposure (derivative gain positions to us less collateral which has been posted by counterparties to us) related 
to derivatives of $50.1 million and $60.8 million, respectively.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments

The accounting for derivative instruments requires that every derivative instrument, including certain derivative 

instruments embedded in other contracts, be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. 
Our derivative instruments are classified and accounted for by us as fair value hedges and cash flow hedges. 

Fair Value Hedges

We generally use fair value hedges to offset the exposure to changes in fair value of a recognized fixed-rate liability. We 

enter into interest rate swaps to economically convert fixed-rate debt into variable rate debt. For fair value hedges, we generally 
consider all components of the derivative’s gain and/or loss when assessing hedge effectiveness and generally hedge changes in 
fair values due to interest rates.

Cash Flow Hedges

We use cash flow hedges to hedge the exposure to variability in cash flows of floating rate deposits. This strategy is used 

primarily to minimize the exposure to volatility in cash flows from future changes in interest rates. Gains and losses on the 
effective portion of a qualifying hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and ineffectiveness is 
recorded immediately to earnings. In assessing hedge effectiveness, generally all components of each derivative’s gains or 
losses are included in the assessment. We hedge exposure to changes in cash flows due to changes in interest rates or total 
changes in cash flow.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest 

expense as interest payments are made on our variable rate deposits. During the next twelve months, we estimate that 
$15.0 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.

Trading Activities

When derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, they are accounted for at fair value with all 

changes in fair value recorded through earnings. All our derivative instruments entered into after December 31, 2013, with a 
maturity of less than 3 years, are economically hedging risk but do not receive hedge accounting treatment. Trading derivatives 
also include any hedges that originally received hedge accounting treatment, but lost hedge accounting treatment due to failed 
effectiveness testing, as well as the activity of certain derivatives  prior to them receiving hedge accounting treatment.

F-44

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

Summary of Derivative Financial Statement Impact

The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts of all derivative instruments at December 31, 2015 

and 2014, and their impact on other comprehensive income and earnings for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 
2013.

Impact of Derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Cash Flow Hedges

Fair Value Hedges

Trading

Total

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

Hedged
Risk
Exposure

Fair Values(1)

Derivative 
Assets:(2)

Interest rate
swaps . . . . .

Interest
rate

Derivative 
Liabilities:(2)
Interest rate
swaps . . . . .

Total net
derivatives. . .

Interest
rate

$

— $

— $ 15,231

$

5,012

$

83

$

226

$ 15,314

$

5,238

(27,512)

(21,435)

(2,339)

(5,883)

(646)

(1,370)

(30,497)

(28,688)

$ (27,512) $ (21,435) $ 12,892

$

(871) $

(563) $ (1,144) $ (15,183) $ (23,450)

(1) 

Fair values reported are exclusive of collateral held and pledged and accrued interest. Assets and liabilities are presented without consideration of master 
netting agreements. Derivatives are carried on the balance sheet based on net position by counterparty under master netting agreements, and classified in 
other assets or other liabilities depending on whether in a net positive or negative position.

(2)  The following table reconciles gross positions with the impact of master netting agreements to the balance sheet classification:

Other Assets

Other Liabilities

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

2015

2014

2015

2014

Gross position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

15,314

$

5,238

$

(30,497) $

(28,688)

Impact of master netting agreement

(9,278)

(4,045)

9,278

4,045

Derivative values with impact of
master netting agreements (as
carried on balance sheet) . . . . . . . . .
Cash collateral (held) pledged(1) . . .
Net position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,036

(1,070)

1,193

(900)

(21,219)

54,845

$

4,966

$

293

$

33,626

$

(24,643)

72,478

47,835

(1)  Cash collateral amount calculations include outstanding accrued interest payable/receivable.

F-45

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

Cash Flow

Fair Value

Trading

Total

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

December
31,

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

Notional Values

Interest rate
swaps . . . . . . . .

$ 1,109,933

$ 1,106,920

$ 3,080,167

$ 3,044,492

$ 1,305,757

$ 973,539

$ 5,495,857

$ 5,124,951

Impact of Derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income 

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

2,695

$

1,718

$

(558)

29,940

20,958

32,635

$

22,676

$

28,668

28,110

(1,427) $

(520) $

(21,475)

(9,070)

(22,902) $

(9,590) $

—

—

—

Fair Value Hedges

Interest rate swaps:

Hedge ineffectiveness gains
(losses) recorded in earnings . .

Realized gains recorded in
interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash Flow Hedges

Interest rate swaps:

Hedge ineffectiveness losses
recorded in earnings . . . . . . . . .

Realized losses recorded in
interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

$

Trading

Interest rate swaps:

Interest reclassification. . . . . . .

$

3,451

$

(2,250) $

1,285

Change in fair value of future
interest payments recorded in
earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

581

4,032

(2,944)

(5,194)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

13,765

$

7,892

$

(87)

1,198

29,308

(1)  Amounts included in "gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net."

F-46

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

11. Derivative Financial Instruments (Continued)

Impact of Derivatives on the Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Amount of loss recognized in other
comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amount of loss reclassified in interest 
expense(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total change in other comprehensive
income for unrealized losses on
derivatives, before income tax benefit . . . .

$

(26,699) $

(28,842) $

(21,475)

(9,070)

$

(5,224) $

(19,772) $

—

—

—

(1)  Amounts included in “realized losses recorded in interest expense” in the “Impact of Derivatives on the 

Consolidated Statements of Income” table.

Cash Collateral

Cash collateral held related to derivative exposure between the Company and its derivatives counterparties was 

$1.1 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Collateral held is recorded in “Other Liabilities” on 
the consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral pledged related to derivative exposure between the Company and its derivatives 
counterparties was $54.8 million and $72.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Collateral pledged is recorded 
in "Other interest-earning assets" on the consolidated balance sheets.

F-47

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

12.  Stockholders' Equity

Preferred Stock 

At December 31, 2015, we had outstanding 3.3 million shares of 6.97 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 

Series A (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and 4.0 million shares of Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B 
(the “Series B Preferred Stock”). In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company, by reason of a statutory merger, succeeded 
pre-Spin-Off SLM and issued Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, on terms substantially similar to those of 
pre-Spin-Off SLM's respective series of preferred stock. Neither series has a maturity date but can be redeemed at our option. 
Redemption would include any accrued and unpaid dividends up to the redemption date. The shares have no preemptive or 
conversion rights and are not exchangeable for any of our other securities or property. Dividends on both series are not 
mandatory and are paid quarterly, when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are 
entitled to receive cumulative, quarterly cash dividends at the annual rate of $3.485 per share. Holders of Series B Preferred 
Stock are entitled to receive quarterly dividends based on 3-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points per annum in arrears. Upon 
liquidation or dissolution of the Company, holders of the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive $50 and 
$100 per share, respectively, plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends for the then current quarterly dividend 
period, if any, pro rata, and before any distribution of assets are made to holders of our common stock. 

Common Stock 

Our shareholders have authorized the issuance of 1.125 billion shares of common stock (par value of $.20). At 

December 31, 2015, 426 million shares were issued and outstanding and 52 million shares were unissued but encumbered for 
outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and dividend equivalent units for employee compensation and remaining 
authority for stock-based compensation plans. 

Because of the carve-out accounting treatment, there were no common stock dividends recognized in these financial 

statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. For additional information, see Note 2, “Significant 
Accounting Policies — Basis of Presentation.”

We currently do not intend to initiate a publicly announced share repurchase program. We only expect to repurchase 
common stock acquired in connection with taxes withheld resulting from award exercises and vesting under our employee 
stock-based compensation plans.  The following table summarizes our common share repurchases and issuances associated 
with these programs.

(Shares and per share amounts in actuals)
Shares repurchased related to employee stock-based 
compensation plans(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average purchase price per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common shares issued(2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

$

3,008,913
9.65
5,873,309

$

1,365,277
8.93
2,013,805

$

6,365,002
21.76
9,702,976

(1)    Comprises shares withheld from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock for employees’ tax withholding obligations and shares 

tendered by employees to satisfy option exercise costs. 

(2)    Common shares issued under our various compensation and benefit plans. 

The closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2015 was $6.52. 

F-48

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

12. Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

Separation Adjustments Related to the Spin-Off of Navient 

During 2015, we finalized the balances received as part of the Spin-Off transaction for the 2014 federal and state 
consolidated tax liability with Navient.  As a result, we recorded a $1.7 million adjustment to additional paid-in capital related 
to the 2014 tax returns.

Investment With Entities That Are Now Subsidiaries of Navient

Prior to the Spin-Off, there were transactions between us and affiliates of pre-Spin-Off SLM that are now subsidiaries of 

Navient. As part of the carve-out, these expenses were included in our results even though the actual payments for the expenses 
were paid by the aforementioned affiliates.  As such, amounts equal to these payments have been treated as equity contributions 
in the table below.  Certain payments made by us to these affiliates prior to the Spin-Off were treated as dividends.  

Net transfers (to)/from the entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient are included within Navient's subsidiary investment 

on the consolidated statements of changes in equity. The components of the net transfers (to)/from the entity that is now a 
subsidiary of Navient are summarized below for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. There were no transfers in the 
year ended December 31, 2015. 

Years Ended December 31,

2014

2013

Capital contributions:

Loan origination activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

32,452

$

124,722

Loan sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Corporate overhead activities. . . . . . . . . . . .

Special cash contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total capital contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Corporate push-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net change in income tax accounts. . . . . . . . .

Net change in receivable/payable . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total net transfers (to)/from the entity that is
now a subsidiary of Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

21,216

472,718

19,650

546,081

—

4,977

15,659

(87,277)

(31)

35

62,031

—

2,004

188,792

(120,000)

3,093

(134,219)

(101,044)

—

$

479,409

$

(163,378)

Capital Contributions

During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, pre-Spin-Off SLM contributed capital to the Bank by funding loan 

origination activities, purchases of loans in excess of the loans’ fair values, providing corporate overhead functions and other 
activities.

Capital contributed for loan origination activities reflects the fact that the loan origination function was conducted by a 
subsidiary of pre-Spin-Off SLM (now a subsidiary of Navient).  The Bank did not pay for the costs incurred by pre-Spin-Off 

F-49

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

12. Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

SLM in connection with these functions.  The costs eligible to be capitalized are recorded on the respective balance sheets and 
the costs not eligible for capitalization have been recognized as expenses in the respective statements of income.

Certain general corporate overhead expenses of the Bank were incurred and paid for by pre-Spin-Off SLM.

Corporate Push-Down

The consolidated balance sheets include certain assets and liabilities that have historically been held at pre-Spin-Off SLM 
but which are specifically identifiable or otherwise allocable to the Company.  The cash and cash equivalents held by pre-Spin-
Off SLM at the corporate level were not allocated to the Bank for any of the periods presented.

Receivable/Payable with Affiliate

  All significant intercompany payable/receivable balances between the Bank and pre-Spin-Off SLM are considered to 

be effectively settled for cash in the combined financial statements at the time the transaction is recorded.

F-50

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

13.  Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock 
outstanding during each period. The determination of the weighted-average shares and diluted potential common shares for pre-
Spin-Off periods are based on the activity at pre-Spin-Off SLM. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the 
basic and diluted EPS calculations follows. 

(In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

274,284

$

194,219

$

258,945

Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,595

12,933

—

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

254,689

$

181,286

$

258,945

Denominator:

Weighted average shares used to compute basic EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

425,574

423,970

440,108

Effect of dilutive securities:

Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units 
and Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") (1)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,660

8,299

8,441

Weighted average shares used to compute diluted EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

432,234

432,269

448,549

Basic earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation . . .

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation. .

__________

$

$

0.60

0.59

$

$

0.43

$

0.59

0.42

$

0.58

(1)  Includes the potential dilutive effect of additional common shares that are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, 

restricted stock, restricted stock units, and the outstanding commitment to issue shares under the ESPP, determined by the treasury 
stock method.

(2)   For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, securities covering approximately 2 million, 3 million and 3 million shares, 
respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. 

F-51

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

14.  Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements 

Plan Summaries

As of December 31, 2015, we had one active stock-based compensation plan that provides for grants of equity awards to 

our employees and non-employee directors. We also maintained an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Shares issued 
under these stock-based compensation plans may be either shares reacquired by us or shares that are authorized but unissued.

The SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan was approved by shareholders on May 24, 2012.  At December 31, 

2015, 29 million shares, as adjusted to reflect the effects of the Spin-Off, were authorized to be issued from this plan.

An amendment to our ESPP was approved by our shareholders on May 24, 2012 that authorized the issuance of 6 million 
shares under the plan and kept the terms of the plan substantially the same. The number of shares authorized under the plan was 
subsequently adjusted to 15 million shares on June 25, 2014, to reflect the effects of the Spin-Off.

Effect of Spin-Off on Equity Awards

In connection with the Spin-Off of Navient, we made certain adjustments to the exercise price and number of our stock-
based compensation awards with the intention of preserving the intrinsic value of the outstanding awards held by Sallie Mae 
officers and employees prior to the Spin-Off.  In general, holders of awards granted prior to 2014 received both Sallie Mae and 
Navient equity awards, and holders of awards granted in 2014 received solely equity awards of their post-Spin-Off employer.  
Stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units and dividend equivalent units were adjusted into 
equity in the new companies by a specific conversion ratio per company, which was based upon the volume weighted average 
prices for each company at the time of the Spin-Off, in an effort to keep the value of the equity awards constant. Our 
performance stock units with vesting contingent upon performance were replaced with time-vesting restricted stock units.  
These adjustments were accounted for as modifications to the original awards. In general, the Sallie Mae and Navient awards 
are subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as the original pre-Spin-Off SLM awards.  A comparison of the fair 
value of the modified awards with the fair value of the original awards immediately before the modification resulted in 
approximately $0.1 million of incremental expense related to fully-vested stock option awards and was expensed immediately 
and $0.6 million of incremental compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units which will 
be recorded over the remaining vesting period of the equity awards. 

Stock-Based Compensation

The total stock-based compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $21.6 million, $25.0 million and $15.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, 
there was $14.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock awards net of estimated 
forfeitures, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. We amortize compensation expense 
on a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods of each tranche of each award.

Stock Options

Stock options granted prior to 2012 expire 10 years after the grant date, and those granted since 2012 expire in 5 years. 
The exercise price must be equal to or greater than the market price of our common stock on the grant date. We have granted 
time-vested, price-vested and performance-vested options to our employees and non-employee directors. Time-vested options 
granted to management and non-management employees generally vest over three years. Price-vested options granted to 
management employees vest upon our common stock reaching a targeted closing price for a set number of days. Performance-
vested options granted to management employees vest one-third per year for three years based on corporate earnings-related 
performance targets. Options granted to non-employee directors vest upon the director’s election to the Board.

F-52

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

14. Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements (Continued)

There were no options granted in the year ended December 31, 2015.  The fair values of the options granted in the years 

ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were estimated as of the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the 
following weighted average assumptions:

(Dollars per share)

Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected dividend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Years Ended December 31,

2014

2013

0.76%

26%

2.48%

0.65%

31%

3.35%

Expected life of the option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.9 years

2.8 years

Weighted average fair value of options granted. . . . . . . .

$

3.48

$

3.11

The expected life of the options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. Groups of employees (and non-
employee directors) that have received similar option grant terms are considered separately for valuation purposes. The 
expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly traded options on our stock at the grant date and historical 
volatility of our stock consistent with the expected life of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury 
spot rate at the grant date consistent with the expected life of the option. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual 
dividend payment per share based on the dividend amount at the grant date, divided by the stock price at the grant date.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2015.

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Number of
Options

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term

Aggregate
Intrinsic
(1)
Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2014. . . . . . . . . .

16,155,119

$

Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercised(2)(3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outstanding at December 31, 2015(4) . . . . . . . .

—
(2,709,554)
(1,534,589)
11,910,976

Exercisable at December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . .

10,599,378

$

$

9.91

—
4.76
17.69
10.08

7.49

2.4

2.4

$

$

10,214

10,137

(1) 

(2) 

The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between our closing 
stock price on December 31, 2015 and the exercise price of in-the-money options) that would have been received 
by the option holders if all in-the-money options had been exercised on December 31, 2015.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $13.7 million, $11.4 million, and $8.5 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

(3)  No cash was received from option exercises for the year ended December 31, 2015. The actual tax benefit 

realized for the tax deductions from option exercises totaled $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.

(4) 

For net-settled options, gross number is reflected.

F-53

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

14. Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements (Continued)

  Restricted Stock

Restricted stock awards generally vest over three years and in some cases based on corporate earnings-related 

performance targets. Outstanding restricted stock is entitled to dividend equivalent units that vest subject to the same vesting 
requirements or lapse of transfer restrictions, as applicable, as the underlying restricted stock award. The fair value of restricted 
stock awards is based on our stock price at the grant date.

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2015.

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Number of
Shares

Weighted
Average Grant
Date
Fair Value

Non-vested at December 31, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . .

54,968

$

Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-vested at December 31, 2015(2) . . . . . . . . . .

86,174

(54,968)

—

86,174

$

9.12

8.94

8.19

—

8.94

(1)  The total fair value of shares that vested during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 

was $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

(2)  As of December 31, 2015, there was $0.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to 
restricted stock net of estimated forfeitures, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted 
average period of 0.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) are equity awards granted to employees that 
entitle the holder to shares of our common stock when the award vests. RSUs may be time-vested over three years or vested at 
grant but subject to transfer restrictions, while PSUs vest based on corporate earnings-related performance targets over a three-
year period. In April 2014, our PSUs with vesting contingent upon performance were replaced with time-vesting RSUs. This 
conversion was made prior to the Spin-Off and was assessed to yield no incremental expense. 

Outstanding RSUs are entitled to dividend equivalent units that vest subject to the same vesting requirements or lapse of 
transfer restrictions, as applicable, as the underlying award. The fair value of RSUs is based on our stock price at the grant date.

F-54

 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

14. Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements (Continued)

The following table summarizes RSU and PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2015.

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Number of
RSUs/
PSUs

Weighted
Average Grant
Date
Fair Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2014. . . . . . . . . . . .

6,279,743

$

10.95

Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested and converted to common stock(1). . . . . . .

Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outstanding at December 31, 2015(2) . . . . . . . . . .

2,466,593
(2,796,739)

(109,209)

5,840,388

$

9.45
6.78

8.57

8.52

(1) 

The total fair value of RSUs/PSUs that vested and converted to common stock during the 
years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $18.9 million, $12.6 million and $6.4 
million, respectively.

(2)  As of December 31, 2015, there was $13.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost 
related to RSUs net of estimated forfeitures, which is expected to be recognized over a 
weighted average period of 1.9 years.

  Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In the third quarter of 2014, we resumed offering the opportunity for employees to enroll in our ESPP.  Employees may 

purchase shares of our common stock at the end of a 12-month offering period at a price equal to the share price at the 
beginning of the 12-month period, less 15 percent, up to a maximum purchase price of $7,500 (whole dollars).  The purchase 
price for each offering is determined at the beginning of the offering period on August 1.

The fair values of the stock purchase rights of the ESPP offerings were calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing 

model with the following weighted average assumptions.

(Dollars per share)

Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected volatility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected dividend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected life of the option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

0.33%

27%

—%

1 year

0.13%

25%

—%

1 year

0.15%

29%

3.51%

1 year

2.95

Weighted average fair value of stock purchase rights . . $

1.74

$

1.66

$

The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly traded options on our stock at the grant date and 
historical volatility of our stock consistent with the expected life. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury spot 
rate at the grant date consistent with the expected life. The dividend yield is zero, as we have not paid dividends nor do we 
anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in 2016.

The fair values were amortized to compensation cost on a straight-line basis over a one-year vesting period. As of 
December 31, 2015, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP net of estimated forfeitures, 
which is expected to be recognized by July 2016.

F-55

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

14. Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements (Continued)

During the year ended December 31, 2015, plan participants purchased 163,136 shares of our common stock. As our 

ESPP resumed in late 2014, no shares were purchased for the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended 
December 31, 2013, plan participants purchased 47,176 shares of our common stock.

15.  Fair Value Measurements

We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for our financial statements.  

We categorize our fair value estimates based on a hierarchal framework associated with three levels of price transparency 
utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. For additional information regarding our policies for determining fair 
value and the hierarchical framework, see Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies — Fair Value Measurement.” 

The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments that are marked-to-fair value on a recurring 

basis.

Assets

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Mortgage-backed securities . $

— $

195,391

$

— $

195,391

$

— $ 168,934

$

— $ 168,934

Derivative instruments . . . . .

—

15,314

—

15,314

—

5,238

—

5,238

Total

$

— $

210,705

$

— $

210,705

$

— $ 174,172

$

— $ 174,172

Liabilities

Derivative instruments . . . . . $

— $

(30,497) $

— $

(30,497) $

— $ (28,688) $

— $

(28,688)

Total

$

— $

(30,497) $

— $

(30,497) $

— $ (28,688) $

— $

(28,688)

F-56

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

15. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The following table summarizes the fair values of our financial assets and liabilities, including derivative financial 

instruments.

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Fair
Value

Carrying
Value

Difference

Fair
Value

Carrying
Value

Difference

Earning assets

Loans held for investment, net . . . . .

$ 12,343,726

$ 11,630,591

$ 713,135

$ 10,228,399

$ 9,509,786

$ 718,613

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . .

2,416,219

2,416,219

Available for sale investments . . . . .

Accrued interest receivable . . . . . . .

Tax indemnification receivable . . . .

Derivative instruments . . . . . . . . . . .

195,391

564,496

186,076

15,314

195,391

564,496

186,076

15,314

—

—

—

—

—

2,359,780

2,359,780

168,934

469,697

240,311

5,238

168,934

469,697

240,311

5,238

—

—

—

—

—

Total earning assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 15,721,222

$ 15,008,087

$ 713,135

$ 13,472,359

$ 12,753,746

$ 718,613

Interest-bearing liabilities

Money-market and savings accounts

$

5,556,254

$

5,556,254

$

— $ 5,231,736

$ 5,231,736

$

—

Certificates of deposit. . . . . . . . . . . .

5,928,450

5,931,453

3,003

5,313,645

5,308,818

(4,827)

Short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . .

Long-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . .

Accrued interest payable . . . . . . . . .

Derivative instruments . . . . . . . . . . .

500,175

567,468

16,385

30,497

500,175

579,101

16,385

30,497

—

11,633

—

—

—

—

16,082

28,688

—

—

16,082

28,688

—

—

—

—

Total interest-bearing liabilities . . . .

$ 12,599,229

$ 12,613,865

14,636

$ 10,590,151

$ 10,585,324

$

(4,827)

Excess of net asset fair value over
carrying value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 727,771

$ 713,786

The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments are as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost. Carrying value approximated fair value for disclosure purposes. These are 

level 1 valuations.

Investments

Investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value in the consolidated financial statements.  
Investments in mortgage-backed securities are valued using observable market prices of similar assets. As such, these are level 
2 valuations. 

F-57

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

15. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Loans Held For Investment 

Our Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans are accounted for at cost or at the lower of cost or market if the loan is 

held-for-sale.  For both Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans, fair value was determined by modeling expected loan level 
cash flows using stated terms of the assets and internally developed assumptions to determine aggregate portfolio yield, net 
present value and average life. The significant assumptions used to determine fair value are prepayment speeds, default rates, 
cost of funds and required return on equity. Significant inputs into the model are not observable. However, we do calibrate the 
model based on market transactions when appropriate.  As such, these are level 3 valuations.

Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable is carried at cost. The carrying value approximates fair value due to its short-term nature. This 

is a level 1 valuation.

Tax Indemnification Receivable

Tax indemnification receivable is carried at cost. The carrying value approximates fair value. This is a level 1 valuation.

Money Market and Savings Accounts

The fair value of money market and savings accounts equal the amounts payable on demand at the balance sheet date and 

are reported at their carrying value. These are level 1 valuations.

Certificates of Deposit

The fair value of CDs are estimated using discounted cash flows based on rates currently offered for deposits of similar 

remaining maturities. These are level 2 valuations.

Accrued Interest Payable

Accrued interest payable is carried at cost. The carrying value approximates fair value due to its short-term nature. This is 

a level 1 valuation.

Borrowings

Borrowings are accounted for at cost in the consolidated financial statements. The carrying value of short-term 

borrowings approximated fair value for disclosure purposes, due to the short-term nature of those borrowings. This is a level 1 
valuation.  The fair value of long-term borrowings is estimated using current market prices. This is a level 2 valuation. 

Derivatives 

All derivatives are accounted for at fair value in the consolidated financial statements. The fair value of derivative 
financial instruments was determined by a standard derivative pricing and option model using the stated terms of the contracts 
and observable market inputs. It is our policy to compare the derivative fair values to those received from our counterparties in 
order to evaluate the model’s outputs.

When determining the fair value of derivatives, we take into account counterparty credit risk for positions where we are 
exposed to the counterparty on a net basis by assessing exposure net of collateral held.  When the counterparty has exposure to 
us under derivative contracts with the Company, we fully collateralize the exposure (subject to certain thresholds).

Interest rate swaps are valued using a standard derivative cash flow model with a LIBOR swap yield curve, which is an 

observable input from an active market. These derivatives are level 2 fair value estimates in the hierarchy.

F-58

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

15. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

The carrying value of borrowings designated as the hedged item in a fair value hedge is adjusted for changes in fair value 

due to changes in the benchmark interest rate (one-month LIBOR). These valuations are determined through standard pricing 
models using the stated terms of the borrowings and observable yield curves. 

16.   Arrangements with Navient Corporation

In connection with the Spin-Off, the Company entered into a separation and distribution agreement with Navient (the 
“Separation and Distribution Agreement”). In connection therewith, the Company also entered into various other ancillary 
agreements with Navient to effect the Spin-Off and provide a framework for its relationship with Navient thereafter, such as a 
transition services agreement, a tax sharing agreement, an employee matters agreement, a loan servicing and administration 
agreement, a joint marketing agreement, a key services agreement, a data sharing agreement and a master sublease agreement. 
The majority of these agreements are transitional in nature with most having terms of two years or less from the date of the 
Spin-Off.  

We continue to have exposure to risks related to Navient’s creditworthiness. If we are unable to obtain indemnification 

payments from Navient, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. 

Pursuant to the terms of the Spin-Off and applicable law, Navient assumed responsibility for all liabilities (whether 
accrued, contingent or otherwise and whether known or unknown) arising out of or resulting from the conduct of pre-Spin-Off 
SLM and its subsidiaries’ businesses prior to the Spin-Off, other than certain specifically identified liabilities relating to the 
conduct of our consumer banking business. Nonetheless, given the prior usage of the Sallie Mae and SLM names by entities 
now owned by Navient, we and our subsidiaries may from time to time be improperly named as defendants in legal proceedings 
where the allegations at issue are the legal responsibility of Navient. Most of these legal proceedings involve matters that arose 
in whole or in part in the ordinary course of business of pre-Spin-Off SLM. Likewise, as the period of time since the Spin-Off 
increases, so does the likelihood any allegations that may be made may be in part for our own actions in a post-Spin-Off time 
period and in part for Navient’s conduct in a pre-Spin-Off time period. We will not be providing information on these 
proceedings unless there are material issues of fact or disagreement with Navient as to the bases of the proceedings or 
responsibility therefor that we believe could have a material, adverse impact on our business, assets, financial condition, 
liquidity or outlook if not resolved in our favor. 

We briefly summarize below some of the most significant agreements and relationships we continue to have with 
Navient. For additional information regarding the Separation and Distribution Agreement and the other ancillary agreements, 
see our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2014.

Separation and Distribution Agreement

• 

• 

• 

The Separation and Distribution Agreement addresses, among other things, the following ongoing activities:

the obligation of each party to indemnify the other against liabilities retained or assumed by that party pursuant to the 
Separation and Distribution Agreement and in connection with claims of third-parties; 

the allocation among the parties of rights and obligations under insurance policies; 

the agreement of the Company and Navient (i) not to engage in certain competitive business activities for a period of 
five years, (ii) as to the effect of the non-competition provisions on post-spin merger and acquisition activities of the 
parties and (iii) regarding “first look” opportunities; and

F-59

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

16. Arrangements with Navient Corporation (Continued)

• 

the creation of a governance structure, including a separation oversight committee of representatives from the 
Company and Navient, by which matters related to the separation and other transactions contemplated by the 
Separation and Distribution Agreement will be monitored and managed.

The Separation and Distribution Agreement provides specific processes and procedures pursuant to which we may submit 

claims for indemnification to Navient and, to date, Navient has acknowledged and accepted substantially all claims that we 
have submitted.  Nonetheless, if for any reason Navient is unable or unwilling to pay claims made against it, our costs, 
operating expenses, cash flows and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected over time.

Transition Services

During a transition period, Navient and its affiliates provided the Bank with significant servicing capabilities with respect 

to Private Education Loans held by the Company and its subsidiaries. On October 13, 2014, we transitioned the Private 
Education Loan servicing to our own platform. In the second quarter of 2015, we completed the build-out of our operational 
infrastructure to independently originate Private Education Loans. It is currently anticipated that Navient will continue to 
service Private Education Loans owned by the Company or its subsidiaries with respect to individual borrowers who also have 
Private Education Loans that are owned by Navient, in order to optimize the customer’s experience.  In addition, Navient will 
continue to service and collect the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans indefinitely. 

Indemnification Obligations

Navient has also agreed to be responsible, and indemnify us, for all claims, actions, damages, losses or expenses that may 

arise from the conduct of all activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM occurring prior to the Spin-Off other than those specifically 
excluded in the Separation and Distribution Agreement.  Some significant examples of the types of indemnification obligations 
Navient has under the Separation and Distribution Agreement and related ancillary agreements include:

• 

Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for $283 million in deferred taxes that the 
Company will be legally responsible for but that relate to gains recognized by the Company’s predecessor on debt 
repurchases made prior to the Spin-Off. The remaining amount of this indemnification at December 31, 2015, is $170 
million. In addition, Navient has agreed to indemnify us for tax assessments incurred related to identified uncertain tax 
positions taken prior to the date of the Spin-Off. At December 31, 2015, we have recorded a receivable of $16 million 
related to this indemnification. 

•  Navient has responsibility to assume new or ongoing litigation matters relating to the conduct of most pre-Spin-Off 

SLM businesses operated or conducted prior to the Spin-Off.  

• 

Separate and apart from Navient's direct responsibility for its own actions and those of its subsidiaries, Navient will 
indemnify the Company and the Bank for any liabilities, costs or expenses they may incur arising from any action or 
threatened action related to the servicing, operations and collections activities of pre-Spin-Off SLM and its subsidiaries 
with respect to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans that were assets of the Bank or Navient at the time of the 
Spin-Off; provided that written notice is provided to Navient prior to the third anniversary date of the Spin-Off, April 
30, 2017. Navient will not indemnify for changes in law or changes in prior existing interpretations of law that occur 
on or after April 30, 2014. 

•  At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to a Consent Order, Order to Pay Restitution and Order to Pay Civil 

Money Penalty dated May 13, 2014 issued by the FDIC (the “FDIC Consent Order”). The FDIC Consent Order 
replaces a prior cease and desist order jointly issued in August 2008 by the FDIC and the UDFI which was terminated 
on July 15, 2014.  Specifically, on May 13, 2014, the Bank reached settlements with the FDIC and the Department of 

F-60

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

16. Arrangements with Navient Corporation (Continued)

Justice (the “DOJ”) regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with the 
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”). The DOJ Consent Order (the "DOJ Consent Order") was approved by the 
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware on September 29, 2014. Under the FDIC Consent Order, the Bank 
agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 million in late fees assessed on loans owned or 
originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005. Navient is responsible for funding all liabilities, 
restitution and compensation under orders such as these, other than fines directly levied against the Bank.

Long-Term Arrangements

The loan servicing and administration agreement governs the terms by which Navient provides servicing, administration 

and collection services for the Bank’s portfolio of FFELP Loans and Private Education Loans, as well as servicing history 
information with respect to Private Education Loans previously serviced by Navient and access to certain promissory notes in 
Navient’s possession. The loan servicing and administration agreement has a fixed term with a renewal option in favor of the 
Bank.

The data sharing agreement states the Bank will continue to have the right to obtain from Navient certain post-Spin-Off 

performance data relating to Private Education Loans owned or serviced by Navient to support and facilitate ongoing 
underwriting, originations, forecasting, performance and reserve analyses.

The tax sharing agreement governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of the Company and Navient 

after the Spin-Off relating to taxes, including with respect to the payment of taxes, the preparation and filing of tax returns and 
the conduct of tax contests. Under this agreement, each party is generally liable for taxes attributable to its business. The 
agreement also addresses the allocation of tax liabilities that are incurred as a result of the Spin-Off and related transactions. 
Additionally, the agreement restricts the parties from taking certain actions that could prevent the Spin-Off from qualifying for 
the anticipated tax treatment.

Amended Loan Participation and Purchase Agreement 

 Prior to the Spin-Off, the Bank sold substantially all of its Private Education Loans to several former affiliates, now 

subsidiaries of Navient (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to this agreement. This agreement predates the Spin-Off but 
has been significantly amended and reduced in scope in connection with the Spin-Off. Post-Spin-Off, the Bank retains only the 
right to require the Purchasers to purchase Split Loans (at fair value) for which the borrower also has a separate lending 
relationship with Navient when the Split Loans either (1) are more than 90 days past due; (2) have been restructured; (3) have 
been granted a hardship forbearance or more than 6 months of administrative forbearance; or (4) have a borrower or cosigner 
who has filed for bankruptcy.  At December 31, 2015, we held approximately $89 million of Split Loans. 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Bank separately sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $27.0 
million in principal and $0.6 million in accrued interest income. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Bank separately 
sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $804.7 million in principal and $5.7 million in accrued interest income. During 
the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank sold loans to the Purchasers in the amount of $2,415.8 million in principal and 
$67.0 million in accrued interest income. 

There was no gain or loss resulting from loans sold to the Purchasers in the year ended December 31, 2015. The gain 

resulting from loans sold to the Purchasers was $35.8 million and $196.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2014 and 
2013, respectively. Total write-downs to fair value for loans sold to the Purchasers with a fair value lower than par totaled $7.6 
million, $53.5 million and $68.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Navient is the 
servicer for all of these loans. 

F-61

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

17. Regulatory Capital (Continued)

17.  Regulatory Capital 

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking authorities.  

Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by 
regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on our financial condition.  Under the Basel III capital 
framework (“U.S. Basel III”) and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital 
standards that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under 
regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and its classification under the prompt corrective action framework 
are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors.

As of January 1, 2015, the Bank was required to report regulatory capital and ratios in accordance with U.S. Basel III.  
Among other things, U.S. Basel III establishes Common Equity Tier 1 as a new tier of capital, modifies methods for calculating 
risk-weighted assets, introduces a new capital conservation buffer, and revises the capital thresholds of the prompt corrective 
action framework, including the “well capitalized” standard.  The Bank’s regulatory capital reported as of December 31, 2014 
was calculated according to the regulatory capital framework in effect at that date.

 “Well capitalized” regulatory requirements are the quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital 
adequacy.  To qualify as “well capitalized,” the Bank must maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) 
of Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets.  The following 
capital amounts and ratios are based upon the Bank's assets.

As of December 31, 2015:

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets). .

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

As of December 31, 2014:

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Actual

Amount

Ratio

"Well Capitalized"
Regulatory Requirements
Amount

Ratio

1,734,315

1,734,315

1,848,528

1,734,315

14.4%

14.4%

15.4%

12.3%

$

$

781,638 >

962,017 >

$ 1,202,521 >

$

704,979 >

1,413,988

1,497,830

1,413,988

15.0%

15.9%

11.5%

$

$

$

565,148 >

941,913 >

614,709 >

6.5%

8.0%

10.0%

5.0%

6.0%

10.0%

5.0%

Bank Dividends

The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Utah and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank’s ability to 
pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and 
regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends from its net profits without regulatory approval if, 
following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. The Bank paid no dividends for 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank paid dividends of 
$120.0 million to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient. For the foreseeable future, we expect the Bank to only pay 

F-62

 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

17. Regulatory Capital (Continued)

dividends to the Company as may be necessary to provide for regularly scheduled dividends payable on the Company’s Series 
A and Series B Preferred Stock. 

18.  Defined Contribution Plans

We participate in a defined contribution plan which is intended to qualify under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue 
Code. The Sallie Mae 401(k) Savings Plan covers substantially all employees. After six months of service, effective January 
2013, and after one year of service prior to that time, up to 3 percent of contributions are matched 100 percent with the next 2 
percent matched at 50 percent for eligible employees. After one month of service, eligible employees receive a 1 percent core 
employer contribution.  For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we contributed $3.8 million, $3.1 million and 
$2.8 million, respectively, to this plan.

19.  Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

When we approve a Private Education Loan at the beginning of an academic year, that approval may cover the borrowing 

for the entire academic year.  As such, we do not always disburse the full amount of the loan at the time of origination but 
instead have a commitment to fund a portion of the loan at a later date (usually at the start of the second semester or subsequent 
trimesters). At December 31, 2015, we had $1.5 billion of outstanding contractual loan commitments which we expect to fund 
during the remainder of the 2015/2016 academic year. At December 31, 2015, we had a $2 million reserve recorded in "Other 
Liabilities" to cover expected losses that may occur during the one year loss emergence period on these unfunded commitments. 

Regulatory Matters 

At the time of this filing, the Bank remains subject to the FDIC Consent Order. On May 13, 2014, the Bank reached 
settlements with the FDIC and the DOJ regarding disclosures and assessments of certain late fees, as well as compliance with 
the SCRA. Under the FDIC Consent Order, the Bank agreed to pay $3.3 million in fines and oversee the refund of up to $30 
million in late fees assessed on loans owned or originated by the Bank since its inception in November 2005. 

Under the terms of the Separation and Distribution Agreement between the Company and Navient, Navient is responsible 

for funding all liabilities under the regulatory orders, other than fines directly levied against the Bank in connection with these 
matters.  Under the DOJ Consent Order, Navient is solely responsible for reimbursing SCRA benefits and related compensation 
on behalf of both its subsidiary, Navient Solutions, Inc., and the Bank.

As required by the FDIC Consent Order and the DOJ Consent Order, the Bank has implemented new SCRA policies, 
procedures and training, has updated billing statement disclosures, and is taking additional steps to ensure its third-party service 
providers are also fully compliant in these regards. The FDIC Consent Order also requires the Bank to have its current 
compliance with consumer protection regulations and its compliance management system audited by independent qualified 
audit personnel. The Bank is focused on sustaining timely and comprehensive remediation of each item contained in the orders 
and on further enhancing its policies and practices to promote responsible financial practices, customer experience and 
compliance.

In May 2014, the Bank received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the CFPB as part of the CFPB’s separate 

investigation relating to customer complaints, fees and charges assessed in connection with the servicing of student loans and 
related collection practices of pre-Spin-Off SLM by entities now subsidiaries of Navient during a time period prior to the Spin-
Off. Two state attorney generals have provided the Bank identical CIDs and others have become involved in the inquiry over 
time. To the extent requested, we have been cooperating fully with the CFPB and the attorney generals but are not in a position 

F-63

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

19. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Continued)

at this time to predict the duration or outcome of the investigation. Given the timeframe covered by this demand and the focus 
on practices and procedures previously conducted by Navient and its servicing subsidiaries, Navient is leading the response to 
this investigation and has accepted responsibility for all costs, expenses, losses or remediation that may arise from this 
investigation.

Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and 

threatened legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. These actions and 
proceedings may be based on alleged violations of consumer protection, securities, employment and other laws. In certain of 
these actions and proceedings, claims for substantial monetary damage may be asserted against us and our subsidiaries.

It is common for the Company, our subsidiaries and affiliates to receive information and document requests and 

investigative demands from state attorneys general, legislative committees, and administrative agencies.  These requests may be 
for informational or regulatory purposes and may relate to our business practices, the industries in which we operate, or other 
companies with whom we conduct business.  Our practice has been and continues to be to cooperate with these bodies and be 
responsive to any such requests.

We are required to establish reserves for litigation and regulatory matters where those matters present loss contingencies 

that are both probable and estimable. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, we do not establish 
reserves.

Based on current knowledge, management does not believe there are loss contingencies, if any, arising from pending 

investigations, litigation or regulatory matters for which reserves should be established.

F-64

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

20.  Income Taxes 

Reconciliations of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rates to our effective tax rate for continuing operations follow:

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Statutory rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.0%

35.0%

35.0%

State tax, net of federal benefit . . . . . . . . . .

Impact of state rate change on net deferred
tax liabilities, net of federal benefit. . . . . . .

State, valuation allowance adjustments on
net operating losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrecognized tax benefits, U.S. federal
and state, net of federal benefit . . . . . . . . . .

Other, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.0

0.5

(0.2)

(0.5)

(0.3)

2.9

4.4

(4.0)

4.8

(1.2)

2.6

—

—

—

0.6

Effective tax rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37.5%

41.9%

38.2%

The effective tax rate varies from the statutory U.S. federal rate of 35 percent primarily due to the impact of state taxes, 

net of federal benefit, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 

Income tax expense consists of:

December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Current provision:

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

215,950

$

137,573

$

State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total current provision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred (benefit)/provision:

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total deferred (benefit)/provision . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,057

242,007

(69,546)

(7,681)

(77,227)

43,282

180,855

(40,370)

(518)

(40,888)

130,854

13,513

144,367

13,240

1,327

14,567

Provision for income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

164,780

$

139,967

$

158,934

F-65

 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

20. Income Taxes (Continued)

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities include the following:

December 31,

2015

2014

Deferred tax assets:

Loan reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

45,082

$

Stock-based compensation plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating loss and credit carryovers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrealized losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Accrued expenses not currently deductible . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrecorded tax benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,939

209

16,106

9,949

10,696

15,251

9,871

33,570

16,342

418

14,324

7,185

10,606

19,798

8,918

Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,103

111,161

Deferred tax liabilities:

Gains on repurchased debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

190,936

251,671

Fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquired intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Student loan premiums and discounts, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,237

6,724

—

1,794

5,849

6,151

3,050

2,656

Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

205,691

269,377

Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

(81,588) $

(158,216)

Included in operating loss carryovers is a valuation allowance of $83.7 million as of December 31, 2015, against a portion 

of our state net operating loss carryovers that management believes is more likely than not will expire prior to being realized. 
As of December 31, 2015, we have apportioned state net operating loss carryforwards of $25.6 million which begin to expire in 
2029.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

The following table summarizes changes in unrecognized tax benefits: 

December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

59,405

$

7,344

$

Increases resulting from tax positions taken during a prior period. . . . .

Decreases resulting from tax positions taken during a prior period . . . .

Increases resulting from tax positions taken during the current period .

Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reductions related to the lapse of statute of limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,456

(10,121)

3,447

(7,481)

(1,597)

45,184
—
7,713

(236)

(600)

3,951

574
—
2,819

—

—

Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

47,109

$

59,405

$

7,344

F-66

 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

20. Income Taxes (Continued)

As of December 31, 2015, the gross unrecognized tax benefits are $47.1 million. Included in the $47.1 million are $25.2 

million of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate. As a part of the Spin-Off,  
the Company recorded a liability related to uncertain tax positions for which it is indemnified by Navient.  See Note 2, 
“Significant Accounting Policies - Income Taxes,” for additional details.

Tax related interest expense is reported as a component of income tax expense.  As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the 

total amount of income tax-related accrued interest, net of related benefit, recognized in the consolidated balance sheets was 
$7.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the total amount of income tax-related accrued interest, net of 

related tax benefit, recognized in the consolidated statements of income was $1.4 million,  $2.3 million and $0.1 million, 
respectively. 

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns at the U.S. federal level and in most U.S. states. U.S. 

federal income tax returns filed for years 2010 and prior have either been audited or surveyed and are now resolved. Various 
combinations of subsidiaries, tax years, and jurisdictions remain open for review, subject to statute of limitations periods 
(typically 3 to 4 prior years). We do not expect the resolution of open audits to have a material impact on our unrecognized tax 
benefits.

F-67

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

21.  Concentrations of Risk

Our business is primarily focused in providing and/or servicing to help students and their families save, plan and pay for 

college. We primarily originate, service and/or collect loans made to students and their families to finance the cost of their 
education. We provide funding, delivery and servicing support for education loans in the United States through our Private 
Education Loan programs.  Because of this concentration in one industry, we are exposed to credit, legislative, operational, 
regulatory, and liquidity risks associated with the student loan industry.

Concentration Risk in the Revenues Associated with Private Education Loans

We compete in the Private Education Loan market with banks and other consumer lending institutions, some with strong 

consumer brand name recognition and greater financial resources. We compete based on our products, origination capability 
and customer service. To the extent our competitors compete aggressively or more effectively, we could lose market share to 
them or subject our existing loans to refinancing risk. Our product offerings may not prove to be profitable and may result in 
higher than expected losses.

We are a leading provider of saving- and paying-for-college products and programs. This concentration gives us a 

competitive advantage in the marketplace. This concentration also creates risks in our business, particularly in light of our 
concentrations as a Private Education Loan lender. If population demographics result in a decrease in college-age individuals, if 
demand for higher education decreases, if the cost of attendance of higher education decreases, if public resistance to higher 
education costs strengthens, or if the demand for higher education loans decreases, our consumer lending business could be 
negatively affected. In addition, the federal government, through the Direct Student Loan Program ("DSLP"), poses significant 
competition to our private credit loan products. If loan limits under the DSLP increase, DSLP loans could be more widely 
available to students and their families and DSLP loans could increase, resulting in further decreases in the size of the Private 
Education Loan market and demand for our Private Education Loan products.

F-68

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

22.  Parent Only Statements 

The following parent company-only financial information should be read in conjunction with the other notes to the 
consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies for the parent company-only financial statements are the same as 
those used in the presentation of the consolidated financial statements other than the parent company-only financial statements 
account for the parent company's investments in its subsidiaries under the equity method.

Parent Only Condensed Balance Sheets

December 31,

2015

2014

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total investments in subsidiaries (primarily Sallie Mae Bank) . . . . . . .
Tax indemnification receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Due from subsidiaries, net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

282,036

$

434,245

1,810,567

1,389,995

186,076

21,396

1,352

240,311

32,408

1,943

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

2,301,427

$ 2,098,902

Liabilities and Equity

Liabilities
Income taxes payable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payable due to Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

189,215

$

245,782

1,990

13,899

8,764

14,398

Total liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

205,104

268,944

Equity

Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares
authorized:

Series A: 3.3 million and 3.3 million shares issued, respectively, at
stated value of $50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Series B: 4 million and 4 million shares issued, respectively, at
stated value of $100 per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares
authorized: 430.7 million and 424.8 million shares issued, respectively

165,000

165,000

400,000

400,000

86,136

84,961

Additional paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,135,860

1,090,511

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (net of tax benefit of $9,949
and $7,186, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total SLM Corporation stockholders' equity before treasury stock . . . .

Less: common stock held in treasury at cost: 4.4 million and 1.4
million shares, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(16,059)

366,609

(11,393)

113,066

2,137,546

1,842,145

(41,223)

(12,187)

Total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,096,323

1,829,958

Total liabilities and equity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

2,301,427

$ 2,098,902

F-69

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

22. Parent Only Statements (Continued)

Parent Only Condensed Statements of Income

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

6,414

$

4,980

$

Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other (loss) income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

6,414

(239)

—

4,980

1,097

—

—

—

—

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,141

36,967

3,556

Loss before income tax expense
(benefit) and equity in net income
from subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax (benefit) expense . . . . . . .

Equity in net income from
subsidiaries (primarily Sallie Mae
Bank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to common
stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(29,966)

(8,612)

295,638

274,284

19,595

(30,890)

(13,196)

211,479

193,785

12,933

(3,556)

133,121

394,270

257,593

—

$

254,689

$

180,852

$

257,593

F-70

 
SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

22. Parent Only Statements (Continued)

Parent Only Condensed Statements of Cash Flows 

Years Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

274,284

$

193,785

$

257,593

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used
in operating activities:

Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interest income on tax indemnification receivable . . . .

(Increase) decrease in investment in subsidiaries, net . .

Decrease in tax indemnification receivable . . . . . . . . . .

Decrease (increase) in due from subsidiaries, net . . . . .

Increase in other assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Decrease in income taxes payable, net . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Decrease) increase in payable due to entity that is a
subsidiary of Navient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Increase in other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net cash used in operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cash flows from investing activities:

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities . . . .

Cash flows from financing activities:

Special cash contribution from Navient. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock-based
awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preferred stock dividends paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities. . . .

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents . .

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year . . . . . .

(295,638)

(5,398)

(103,602)

59,633

11,012

(14,366)

(54,907)

(6,774)

1,402

(408,638)

(134,354)

—

—

1,740

(19,595)

(17,855)

(152,209)

434,245

(211,479)

(394,270)

(5,904)

278,365

44,724

(32,408)

(5,447)

(312,770)

8,764

14,398

—

136,677

—

—

—

—

—

—

(221,757)

(257,593)

(27,972)

—

472,718

2,432

(12,933)

462,217

434,245

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year. . . . . . . . . . . .

$

282,036

$

434,245

$

F-71

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

23.  Selected Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

2015

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 170,954

$ 168,257

$ 175,442

$ 187,846

Less: provisions for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,618

15,558

27,497

30,382

Net interest income after provisions for credit losses .

154,336

152,699

147,945

157,464

Gains on sales of loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

76,874

—

58,484

Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities,
net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquired intangible asset impairment and
amortization expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation. . . . .

Preferred stock dividends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation
common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic earnings per common share attributable to
SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to
SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

3,292

8,007

81,187

370

4,657

31,722

47,699

4,823

42,876

0.10

0.10

1,602

10,912

89,799

370

744

60,158

91,016

4,870

86,146

0.20

0.20

$

$

$

(547)

10,455

92,864

370

910

17,985

45,724

4,913

40,811

0.10

0.09

$

$

$

953

12,561

85,245

370

(913)

54,915

89,845

4,989

84,856

0.20

0.20

$

$

$

F-72

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

23. Selected Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited) (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

2014

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

Net interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 139,238

$ 144,539

$ 144,026

$ 150,676

Less: provisions for credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39,159

1,014

14,898

30,458

Net interest income after provisions for credit losses .

100,079

143,525

129,128

120,218

Gains on sales of loans, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33,888

1,928

85,147

(764)

(9,458)

15,229

60,479

1,156

13,520

31,941

44,128

—

44,128

3,228

40,900

0.1

0.09

$

$

$

5,401

5,461

72,079

1,150

14,079

54,903

82,926

—

82,926

4,850

78,076

0.18

0.18

$

$

$

396

825

11,095

78,724

(855)

10,483

24,465

19,717

—

19,717

4,855

14,862

0.04

0.03

(Losses) gains on derivative and hedging activities,
net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquired intangible asset impairment and
amortization expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,136

63,671

1,767

229

28,658

47,014

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . .

(434)

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation . . . . . . .

47,448

Preferred stock dividends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

Net income attributable to SLM Corporation
common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic earnings per common share attributable to
SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to
SLM Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

$

$

47,448

0.11

0.11

$

$

$

F-73

SLM CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands, unless otherwise noted)

24. Subsequent Event

On February 25, 2016, we amended and extended the maturity of the ABCP Facility, discussed in Note 9, “Borrowings.”  

The amended ABCP Facility is a $750.0 million ABCP Facility, under which the full $750.0 million is available for us to 
draw. Under the amended ABCP Facility, we incur financing costs of between 0.35 percent and 0.45 percent on unused 
borrowing capacity and approximately 3 month LIBOR plus 1.00 percent on outstandings. The amended ABCP Facility extends 
the revolving period, during which we may borrow, repay and reborrow funds, until February 23, 2017. The scheduled 
amortization period, during which amounts outstanding under the ABCP Facility must be repaid, ends on February 23, 2018 (or 
earlier, if certain material adverse events occur).

F-74

Exhibit 10.6

SLM CORPORATION

Executive Severance Plan for Senior Officers

(Including Amendments as of June 25, 2015)

ARTICLE 1

NAME, PURPOSE AND EFFECTIVE DATE

1.01  Name and Purpose of Plan.  The name of this plan is the SLM Corporation 

Executive Severance Plan for Senior Officers (“Plan”).  The purpose of the Plan is to provide 
compensation and benefits to certain senior level officers of SLM Corporation (the 
“Corporation”) and Sallie Mae, Inc. upon employment termination. 

1.02  Effective Date.  The effective date of the Plan is May 22, 2009.  The Plan was 
amended on September 22, 2011 and June 25, 2015.  The compensation and benefits payable 
under the Plan are payable upon certain employment terminations that occur after the effective 
date of this Plan. 

1.03  Employment Contracts Govern; Change in Control Severance Plan.  To the 

extent that an Eligible Officer is a party to an employment or other contract or agreement that 
provides for any severance payments upon such Eligible Officer’s termination of employment 
with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, then that contract or agreement governs, and not 
this Plan.  Upon the expiration of such contract or agreement, this Plan will govern.  In addition, 
an Eligible Officer shall not be entitled to receive benefits more than once under this Plan as a 
result of holding titles with multiple entities with the Corporation and the group of companies 
under common control with the Corporation.  In addition, to the extent that the Change in 
Control Severance Plan for Senior Officers provides for severance payments upon an Eligible 
Officer’s termination of employment with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, then that 
Plan will govern, and not this Plan. 

1.04  ERISA Status.  This Plan is intended to be an unfunded plan that is maintained 
primarily to provide severance compensation and benefits to a select group of “management or 
highly compensated employees” within the meaning of Sections 201, 301, and 401 of the 
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), and therefore to be exempt from 
the provisions of Parts 2, 3, and 4 of Title I of ERISA. 

ARTICLE 2

DEFINITIONS

The following words and phrases have the following meanings unless a different meaning 

is plainly required by the context: 

2.01 

“Average Bonus” means the annualized performance bonus compensation 

calculated under this Plan for the rolling twenty-four (24) month period immediately prior to the 
Eligible Officer’s Termination Date, including as a full month the month during which the 
Termination Date occurs.  An example of a calculation of the Average Bonus portion of a 
Severance Payment according to the Plan is attached hereto as Exhibit A.  For purposes of 
calculating Average Bonus under this Plan for the current fiscal year, the Eligible Officer’s base 
salary and target bonus at the Termination Date will be used and the Corporate performance 
scores from all completed quarters during the relevant portion of the fiscal year will be used.  
Notwithstanding anything to the two (2) contrary herein, if an Eligible Officer has fewer than 
twenty-four (24) months of employment with the Corporation as of his or her Termination Date, 
then “Average Bonus” means the annualized performance bonus compensation calculated as 
described above but prorated for the portion of the rolling twenty-four (24) month period that is 
represented by the time from the Eligible Officer’s date of hire to the Eligible Officer’s 
Termination Date.  An example of a calculation of the Average Bonus portion of a Severance 
Payment according to the previous sentence is attached hereto as Exhibit B. 

2.02 

“Base Salary” means the annual base rate of compensation payable to an Eligible 
Officer at the time of a Termination Event, such annual base rate of compensation not reduced by 
any pre-tax deferrals under any tax-qualified plan, non-qualified deferred compensation plan, 
qualified transportation fringe benefit plan under Code Section 132(f), or cafeteria plan under 
Code Section 125 maintained by the Corporation, but excluding the following: incentive or other 
bonus plan payments, accrued vacation, commissions, sick leave, holidays, jury duty, 
bereavement, other paid leaves of absence, short-term disability payments, recruiting/job referral 
bonuses, severance, hiring bonuses, long-term disability payments, payments from a non-
qualified deferred compensation plan maintained by the Corporation, or amounts paid on account 
of the exercise of stock options or on account of the award or vesting of restricted or 
performance stock or other stock-based compensation. 

2.03 

“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of SLM Corporation. 

2.04 

“For Cause” means a determination by the Committee (as defined herein) that 

there has been a willful and continuing failure of an Eligible Officer to perform substantially his 
duties and responsibilities (other than as a result of Eligible Officer’s death or Disability) and, if 
in the judgment of the Committee such willful and continuing failure may be cured by an 
Eligible Officer, that such failure has not been cured by an Eligible Officer within ten (10) 
business days after written notice of such was given to Eligible Officer by the Committee, or that 
Eligible Officer has committed an act of Misconduct (as defined below).  

For purposes of this Plan, “Misconduct” means: (a) embezzlement, fraud, conviction of a 
felony crime, pleading guilty or nolo contendere to a felony crime, or breach of fiduciary duty or 
deliberate disregard of the Corporation’s Code of Business Code; (b) personal dishonesty of 
Eligible Officer materially injurious to the Corporation; (c) an unauthorized disclosure of any 
Proprietary Information; or (d) competing with the Corporation while employed by the 
Corporation or during the Restricted Period, in contravention of the non-competition and non-
solicitation agreements substantially in the form provided in Exhibit C upon termination of 
employment. 

2.05 

“Termination of Employment For Good Reason” means: (a) a material 

reduction in the position or responsibilities of the Eligible Officer not including a change in title 
only; (b) a reduction in Eligible Officer’s Base Salary or a material reduction in Eligible 
Officer’s compensation arrangements (provided that variability in the value of stock-based 
compensation or in the compensation provided under the SLM Corporation Incentive Plan or a 
successor plan will not be deemed to cause a material reduction in compensation); or (c) a 
relocation of the Eligible Officer’s primary work location to a distance of more than seventy-five 
(75) miles from its location.  If an Eligible Officer continues his or her employment with the 
Corporation for more than six (6) months after the occurrence of an event described above that 
constitutes a Termination for Good Reason, then the Eligible Officer shall be deemed to have 
given his or her consent to such event and the Eligible Officer shall not be eligible for a 
Severance Payment under this Plan as a result of that event and shall be deemed to have waived 
all rights in regard to such event. 

2.06 

“Termination Date” means the Eligible Officer’s last date of employment with 

the Corporation. 

2.07 

“Termination of Eligible Officer’s Employment Without Cause” means 

termination of an Eligible Officer’s employment by the Corporation for any reason other than 
“For Cause” or on account of death or disability, as defined in the Corporation’s long-term 
disability policy in effect at the time of termination (“Disability”). 

ARTICLE 3
ELIGIBILITY AND BENEFITS

3.01  Eligible Officers.  Officers of SLM Corporation at the level of Senior Vice 

President and above and officers of Sallie Mae, Inc. at the level of Senior Vice President and 
above, are eligible for benefits under this Plan (each an “Eligible Officer”). 

3.02  Severance Benefits. 

(a) 

An Eligible Officer will be entitled to receive a severance payment 

(“Severance Payment”) and continuation of medical and dental insurance benefits and 
outplacement services, all as provided herein, after any of the following events (each a 
“Termination Event”):  (i) Termination of Employment for Good Reason, provided that if such 
termination is on account of a decision to resign due to clause (a) of the definition of 
“Termination by Eligible Officer For Good Reason,” such Eligible Officer continues his or her 
employment for a transition period mutually agreed to by the Corporation and the Executive 
Officer, or (ii) upon a Termination of Eligible Officer’s Employment Without Cause or (iii) upon 
mutual agreement of the Corporation and an Eligible Officer. 

(b) 

The amount of the Severance Payment will equal the sum of the Eligible 

Officer’s Base Salary plus the Eligible Officer’s Average Bonus times a multiplier plus a cash 
payment equal to the Eligible Officer’s target annual bonus amount for the year in which the 
Termination Date occurs, such target bonus amount to be prorated for the full number of months 
in the final year that the Eligible Officer was employed by the Corporation. The multiplier for 
Eligible Officers with the title of Chief Executive Officer will be two (2).  The multiplier for 
Eligible Officers with a title higher than Executive Vice President, such as Senior Executive Vice 
President and Vice Chairman but not including the Chief Executive Officer, will be one and one 
half (1 ½).  The multiplier for all other Eligible Officers will be one (1).  Contingent upon 
signing the Confidential Agreement and Release, the Severance Payment will be made to the 
Eligible Officer in a single lump sum cash payment within forty-five (45) calendar days after the 
Eligible Officer’s Termination Date.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in no 
event shall a Severance Payment paid to an Eligible Officer hereunder exceed the Eligible 
Officer’s Base Salary plus incentive bonus multiplied by three (the “Payment Limit”), and if a 
Severance Payment hereunder were to exceed such amount, then such payment shall be reduced 
to the highest amount that does not exceed the Payment Limit.

(c) 

For eighteen (18) months (or twenty-four (24) months if the Eligible 

Officer is the Chief Executive Officer) following the Eligible Officer’s Termination Date, the 
Eligible Officer and his or her eligible dependents or survivors will be entitled to continue to 
participate in any medical and dental insurance plans generally available to the senior 
management of the Corporation, as such plans may be in effect from time to time on the terms 
generally applied to actively employed senior management of the Corporation, including any 
Eligible Officer cost-sharing provision.  An Eligible Officer and his or her eligible dependents 
will cease to be covered under the foregoing medical and/or dental insurance plans if he or she 
becomes eligible to obtain coverage under medical and/or dental insurance plans of a subsequent 
employer. 

(d) 

An Eligible Officer will be entitled to receive outplacement services from 

the Corporation or the Corporation’s service provider(s.) 

(e) 

Upon a Termination Event, to the extent already provided in the terms and 
conditions of an Eligible Officer’s equity grants, all outstanding and unvested equity awards held 
by an Eligible Officer and granted by the Corporation before May 22, 2009 will become vested 
and non-forfeitable.  Any outstanding and unvested equity awards held by an Eligible Officer and 
granted after May 22, 2009 shall be governed by the terms and conditions applicable to such 
grants. 

(f) 

All payments and benefits provided under this Section 3.02 are 

conditioned on the Eligible Officer’s continuing compliance with this Plan and the Eligible 
Officer’s execution (and effectiveness) of a release of claims and covenant not to sue and non-
competition and non-solicitation agreements substantially in the form provided in Exhibit C 
hereto. 

3.03  Section 409A.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, to the extent that 

the Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that any payments or benefits to be provided 
hereunder to or for the benefit of an Eligible Officer who is also a “specified employee” (as such 
term is defined under Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code or any successor or comparable 
provision) would be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A(a)(1)(B) of the 
Code or any successor or comparable provision, the commencement of such payments and/or 
benefits will be delayed until the earlier of (x) the date that is six months following the 
Termination Date or (y) the date of the Eligible Officer’s death (such date is referred to herein as 
the “Distribution Date”).  In the event that the Committee determines that the commencement of 
any of the benefits to be provided under Section 3.03(b) are to be delayed pursuant to the 
preceding sentence, the Corporation will require the Eligible Officer to bear the full cost of such 
benefits until the Distribution Date at which time the Corporation will reimburse the Designated 
Employee for all such costs. 

ARTICLE 4 

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

4.01  Administrative Committee.  The Plan will be administered by a committee , 

consisting of the Corporation’s Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Administrative Officer, 
and General Counsel (the “Committee”); provided, however, that nothing herein shall limit the 
authority of the Nominations, Governance and Compensation Committee of the Corporation’s 
Board of Directors with respect to its right to review and approve all decisions made with respect 
to executive officers of the Corporation, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934. 

4.02  Powers.  The Committee will have full power, discretion and authority to 

interpret, construe and administer the Plan and any part hereof, and the Committee’s 
interpretation and construction hereof, and any actions hereunder, will be binding on all persons 
for all purposes.  The Committee will provide for the keeping of detailed, written minutes of its 
actions.  The Committee, in fulfilling its responsibilities may (by way of illustration and not of 
limitation) do any or all of the following: 

(a) 

allocate among its members, and/or delegate to one or more other persons 

selected by it, responsibility for fulfilling some or all of its responsibilities under the Plan in 
accordance with Section 405(c) of ERISA; 

(b) 

designate one or more of its members to sign on its behalf directions, 

notices and other communications to any entity or other person; 

(c) 

establish rules and regulations with regard to its conduct and the 

fulfillment of its responsibilities under the Plan; 

(d) 

designate other persons to render advice with respect to any responsibility 

or authority pursuant to the Plan being carried out by it or any of its delegates under the Plan; 
and 

(e) 

employ legal counsel, consultants and agents as it may deem desirable in 

the administration of the Plan and rely on the opinion of such counsel. 

4.03  Action by Majority.  The majority of the members of the Committee in office at 
the time will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  All resolutions or other actions 
taken by the Committee will be by the vote of the majority at any meeting or by written 
instrument signed by the majority. 

ARTICLE 5

CLAIM FOR BENEFITS UNDER THIS PLAN

5.01  Claims for Benefits under this Plan.  A condition precedent to receipt of 

severance benefits is the execution of an unaltered release of claims in form and substance 
prescribed by the Corporation.  If an Eligible Officer believes that an individual should have 
been eligible to participate in the Plan or disputes the amount of benefits under the Plan, such 
individual may submit a claim for benefits in writing to the Committee within sixty (60) days 
after the individual’s termination of employment.  If such claim for benefits is wholly or partially 
denied, the Committee will within a reasonable period of time, but no later than ninety (90) days 
after receipt of the written claim, notify the individual of the denial of the claim.  If an extension 
of time for processing the claim is required, the Committee may take up to an additional ninety 
(90) days, provided that the Committee sends the individual written notice of the extension 
before the expiration of the original ninety (90) day period.  The notice provided to the individual 
will describe why an extension is required and when a decision is expected to be made. If a claim 
is wholly or partially denied, the denial notice:  (1) will be in writing, (2) will be written in a 
manner calculated to be understood by the individual, and (3) will contain (a) the reasons for the 
denial, including specific reference to those plan provisions on which the denial is based; (b) a 
description of any additional information necessary to complete the claim and an explanation of 
why such information is necessary; (c) an explanation of the steps to be taken to appeal the 
adverse determination; and (d) a statement of the individual’s right to bring a civil action under 
Section 502(a) of ERISA following an adverse decision after appeal.  The Committee will have 
full discretion consistent with their fiduciary obligations under ERISA to deny or grant a claim in 
whole or in part.  If notice of denial of a claim is not furnished in accordance with this Section, 
the claim will be deemed denied and the claimant will be permitted to exercise his rights to 
review pursuant to Section 9.02 and 9.03. 

5.02  Right to Request Review of Benefit Denial.  Within sixty (60) days of the 
individual’s receipt of the written notice of denial of the claim, the individual may file a written 
request for a review of the denial of the individual’s claim for benefits.  In connection with the 
individual’s appeal of the denial of his benefit, the individual may submit comments, records, 
documents, or other information supporting the appeal, regardless of whether such information 
was considered in the prior benefits decision.  Upon request and free of charge, the individual 
will be provided reasonable access to and copies of all documents, records and other information 
relevant to the claim. 

5.03  Disposition of Claim.  The Committee will deliver to the individual a written 

decision on the claim promptly, but not later than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the 
individual’s written request for review, except that if there are special circumstances which 
require an extension of time for processing, the sixty (60) day period will be extended to one 
hundred and twenty (120) days; provided that the appeal reviewer sends written notice of the 
extension before the expiration of the original sixty (60) day period.  

If the appeal is wholly or partially denied, the denial notice will:  (1) be written in a 

manner calculated to be understood by the individual, (2) contain references to the specific plan 
provision(s) upon which the decision was based; (3) contain a statement that, upon request and 
free of charge, the individual will be provided reasonable access to and copies of all documents, 
records and other information relevant to the claim for benefits; and (4) contain a statement of 
the individual’s right to bring a civil action under Section 502(a) of ERISA. 

5.04  Exhaustion.  An individual must exhaust the Plan’s claims procedures prior to 

bringing any claim for benefits under the Plan in a court of competent jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE 6

MISCELLANEOUS

6.01  Successors. 

(a) 

Any successor (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, lease, 

merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Corporation’s 
business and/or assets, or all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of a business 
segment of the Corporation will be obligated under this Plan in the same manner and to the same 
extent as the Corporation would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession. 

(b) 

This Plan and all rights of the Eligible Officer hereunder will inure to the 

benefit of, and be enforceable by, the Eligible Officer’s personal or legal representatives, 
executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees.

6.02  Creditor Status of Eligible Officers.  In the event that any Eligible Officer 

acquires a right to receive payments from the Corporation under the Plan, such right will be no 
greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Corporation. 

6.03  Facility of Payment.  If it will be found that (a) an Eligible Officer entitled to 

receive any payment under the Plan is physically or mentally incompetent to receive such 
payment and to give a valid release therefor, and (b) another person or an institution is then 
maintaining or has custody of such Eligible Officer, and no guardian, committee, or other 
representative of the estate of such person has been duly appointed by a court of competent 
jurisdiction, the payment may be made to such other person or institution referred to in (b) 
above, and the release will be a valid and complete discharge for the payment. 

6.04  Notice of Address.  Each Eligible Officer entitled to benefits under the Plan must 

file with the Corporation, in writing, his post office address and each change of post office 
address.  Any communication, statement or notice addressed to such Eligible Officer at such 
address will be deemed sufficient for all purposes of the Plan, and there will be no obligation on 
the part of the Corporation to search for or to ascertain the location of such Eligible Officer. 

6.05 

 Headings.  The headings of the Plan are inserted for convenience and reference 

only and shall have no effect upon the meaning of the provisions hereof. 

6.06  Choice of Law.  The Plan shall be construed, regulated and administered under 
the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia (excluding the choice-of-law rules thereto), except 
that if any such laws are superseded by any applicable Federal law or statute, such Federal law or 
statute shall apply. 

6.07  Construction.  Whenever used herein, a masculine pronoun shall be deemed to 

include the masculine and feminine gender, a singular word shall be deemed to include the 
singular and plural and vice versa in all cases where the context requires. 

6.08  Termination; Amendment; Waiver. 

(a) 

Prior to the occurrence of a Termination Event, the Board of Directors, or 
a delegated Committee of the Board, may amend or terminate the Plan at any time and from time 
to time.  Termination or amendment of the Plan will not affect any obligation of the Corporation 
under the Plan which has accrued and is unpaid as of the effective date of the termination or 
amendment.  Unless and until a Termination Event shall have occurred, an Eligible Officer shall 
not have any vested rights under the Plan or any agreement entered into pursuant to the Plan. 

(b) 

From and after the occurrence of a Termination Event, no provision of this 

Plan shall be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge is 
agreed to in writing and signed by the Eligible Officer and by an authorized officer of the 
Corporation (other than the Eligible Officer).  No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of 
compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement by the other party shall be 
considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the same condition or provision at 
another time. 

(c) 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Board of Directors 

may, in its sole discretion, amend the Plan (which amendment shall be effective upon its 
adoption or at such other time designated by the Board of Directors) at any time prior to a 
Termination Event as may be necessary to avoid the imposition of the additional tax under 
Section 409A(a)(1)(B) of the Code; provided, however, that any such amendment shall be 
implemented in such a manner as to preserve, to the greatest extent possible, the terms and 
conditions of the Plan as in existence immediately prior to any such amendment. 

6.09  Whole Agreement.  This Plan contains all the legally binding understandings and 

agreements between the Eligible Officer and the Corporation pertaining to the subject matter 
thereof and supersedes all such agreements, whether oral or in writing, previously entered into 
between the parties. 

 
6.10  Withholding Taxes.  All payments made under this Plan will be subject to 

reduction to reflect taxes required to be withheld by law. 

6.11  No Assignment.  The rights of an Eligible Officer to payments or benefits under 

this Plan shall not be made subject to option or assignment, either by voluntary or involuntary 
assignment or by operation of law, including (without limitation) bankruptcy, garnishment, 
attachment or other creditor’s process, and any action in violation of this Section 6.11 shall be 
void.

Exhibit A

Example of calculation of “Average Bonus” Portion of Severance Payment under the Plan

(Based on a 24-month look back)

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Assumptions/Given:
• 
• 
• 

Annual salary = $250,000 
Bonus (MIP) Target = 70% of annual rate ($175,000)
Current Corp MIP Score = 40% (score for the most recent quarter-end in current 
year)
Termination Date = August 1, 2009 
2008 bonus (paid in 2009) = $65,000 
2007 bonus (paid in 2008) = $125,000 

• 
• 
• 

Compute 2009 (current year) estimated annual bonus: 
• 

Bonus Target ($175,000) * most current Corp MIP Score (40%) = $70,000 

Define 24-month period: 
• 

Since Termination date is August 1, 2009, the look-back period would include: 
• 
• 
• 

months in 2009
All 12 months of 2008 
4 months of 2007 

Prorate each year’s annual bonus: 
• 
• 
• 

2009: 8 months @ $70,000 =   $46,667 
2008: 12 months @ $65,000 = $65,000 
2007: 4 months @ $125,000 = $41,667 
    Total: 24 months = $153,333 

Annualize 24 month prorated total by dividing by 2:
• 
• 

$153,333 ÷ 2 = $76,667 
Round = $76,700

Exhibit B

Example of calculation of “Average Bonus” Portion of Severance Payment under the Plan – with 
less than 2 years of service

(Example assumes 18 months of employment from January 1, 2008, through June 30, 2009)

1. 

Assumptions/Given: 
• 
• 
• 

Annual salary = $250,000 
Bonus (MIP) Target = 70% of annual rate ($175,000) 
Current Corp MIP Score = 40% (score for the most recent quarter-end in current 
year) 4
Termination Date = June 30, 2009 
2008 bonus (paid in 2009) = $65,000 
2007 bonus (paid in 2008) = N/A 

• 
• 
• 

Use whole months for the calculation regardless of the day within the month the 

2. 
termination falls. 

3. 
If the termination falls between the last day of the quarter and the day the company score 
for that month is finalized, TBD will be placed on the worksheet until the final company score is 
posted.

4. 

5. 

Round to the nearest $100.

Compute 2009 (current year) estimated annual bonus: 

• 

Bonus Target ($175,000) * most current Corp MIP Score (40%) = $70,000 

Define 24-month period since Termination date is June 30, 2009, the look-back period 

6. 
would include: 
• 
• 
• 

6 months in 2009
All 12 months of 2008
0 months of 2007 - No additional service time since 18 months total service 

7. 

Prorate each year’s annual bonus: 
• 
• 
• 

2009:  8 months @ $70,000   = $35,000 
2008:  12 months @ $65,000 = $65,000 
              6 months no service  = $0 

        Total: 24 months = $100,000 

8. 

Annualize 24 month prorated total by dividing by 2:
• 
• 

$100,000 ÷ 2 = $50,000 
Round = $50,000

Exhibit C

CONFIDENTIAL AGREEMENT AND RELEASE

SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries, predecessors, and affiliates (collectively “SLM”) and 
I, [Name], have reached the following confidential understanding and agreement.  In exchange for 
the Plan Benefits and other consideration listed below, I agree to comply fully with the terms of 
this  Confidential  Agreement  and  Release  (“Agreement  and  Release”).    In  exchange  for  my 
Agreements, SLM agrees to provide me with the Plan Benefits and other consideration listed below, 
to which I am not otherwise entitled. 

(1) 

Plan Benefits and other consideration: 

(a) 

Unless I have revoked this Agreement and Release pursuant to Section (8) 
below, pursuant to the SLM Corporation Executive Severance Plan for Senior Officers (“Plan”), 
SLM will pay me severance in the following manner: a total amount of [$XXX] less withholding 
taxes and other deductions required by law (the “Plan Benefits”).  Such severance payment will be 
made in a lump sum no earlier than my official termination date or the eighth (8th) calendar day 
after my signature on this Agreement and Release, and no later than the thirtieth (30th) calendar day 
after my official termination date. 

(b) 

Rehiring:  If I am rehired as an employee of SLM or any of its subsidiaries 
or affiliates within the twelve (12) month period following my termination, I hereby agree to repay 
the Plan Benefits, divided by twelve (12) multiplied by the number of months remaining in the 
twelve (12) month period following my termination, adjusted and reduced by the amount of taxes 
paid and withheld on that sum, within thirty (30) days after rehire, as a condition of rehire to SLM 
or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates. 

(c)  Medical/Dental/Vision Continuation:  My current medical, dental, and vision 
coverage will continue through the end of the month of my termination.  Beginning on the first (1st) 
day of the month following my Termination Date, [Date], I will have the right to continue my 
current  medical,  dental,  and  vision  coverage  through  the  Consolidated  Omnibus  Budget 
Reconciliation Act (“COBRA”) for up to __ months.  Under the Plan, if I properly elect COBRA 
continuation coverage, SLM will pay the employer portion of the total cost of my medical, dental 
and vision insurance premiums for the __ month period of [Date through Date]. 

(d) 

Benefit  Programs:    I  waive  future  coverage  and  benefits  under  all  SLM 
disability programs, but this Agreement and Release does not affect my eligibility for other SLM 
medical, dental, life insurance, retirement, and benefit plans.  Whether I sign this Agreement and 
Release or not, I understand that my rights and continued participation in those plans will be governed 
by their terms, and that I generally will become ineligible for them shortly after my termination, 

after which I may be able to purchase continued coverage under certain of such plans. I understand 
that, except for the benefits that may be due under the 401(k) plans, deferred compensation, equity 
or  pension  plans  to  which  I  may  be  entitled  under  SLM’s  standard  employee  benefit  plans  for 
similarly situated employees and executives, I will not receive any other wage, paid time off, or 
other similar payments from SLM or any of the entities discussed in Section (2). 

(e) 

For  the  purposes  of  this  Agreement,  the  parties  acknowledge  that  the 
“Amendment to Stock Option and Restricted/Performance Stock Terms” issued under the SLM 
Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan, SLM Corporation Management Incentive Plan, SLM 
Corporation  Incentive  Plan  (as  amended  and  restated  October  2006),  and  SLM  Corporation 
2009-2012  Incentive  Plan  (collectively,  the  “Plans”)  by  SLM  Corporation,  and  effective  as  of 
January 27, 2011, is applicable. 

(f) 

Subject to any earlier payment provisions set forth above, and except for the 
benefits and payments described in 1(c) (Medical/Dental/Vision continuation) and 1(d) (Benefit 
Programs), all payments or reimbursements described in this Section (1) shall be paid to me on or 
before the eighth (8th) calendar day and no later than the twenty-first (21st) calendar day after my 
signature on this Agreement and Release. 

(2) 

Release:  In consideration of the Special Payments and Benefits described above, I 
agree to release SLM, and all of its subsidiaries, affiliates, predecessors, successors, and all related 
companies, and all of its former and current officers, employees, directors, and employee benefit 
programs (and the trustees, administrators, fiduciaries, and insurers of such programs) of any of 
them  (collectively  “Released  Parties”)  from  all  actions,  charges,  claims,  demands,  damages  or 
liabilities of any kind or character whatsoever, known or unknown, which I now have or may have 
had through the date I sign this Agreement and Release except claims that the law does not permit 
me to waive by signing this Agreement and Release.  For example, I am releasing all common law 
contract,  tort,  or  other  claims  I  might  have,  as  well  as  all  claims  I  might  have  under  the Age 
Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), the WARN Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
1964, Sections 1981 and 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, National Labor Relations Act, the 
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Family and Medical Leave Act, Genetic Information Non-
discrimination Act  (“GINA”)  of  2008,  the  Employee  Retirement  Income  Security Act  of  1974 
(“ERISA”), individual relief under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or individual relief under the 
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 or The American Recovery 
and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and any other federal, state or local laws.  I further waive any right 
to payment of  attorneys' fees, which  I may have incurred.  It is understood  and agreed that by 
entering into this Agreement and Release, SLM does not admit any violation of law, or any of 
employee’s rights, and has entered into this Agreement and Release solely in the interest of resolving 
finally all claims and issues relating to my employment and separation. 

SLM and I, the Parties (“Parties”), expressly agree however, that nothing in this 
Agreement  and  Release  shall  preclude  my  participation  as  a  member  of  a  class  in  any  suit  or 
regulatory  action  brought  against  the  Released  Parties  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  any  alleged 
securities violations or diminution in the value of SLM securities. SLM agrees that the release under 
this Section (2) shall not cover, and I reserve and do not waive, my rights, directly or indirectly to 
seek further indemnification and/or contribution under the By-Laws of SLM.  SLM hereby reaffirms 
that I am entitled to indemnification after termination of my employment, for actions taken in my 
capacity as an officer of SLM Corporation or applicable SLM Corporation subsidiaries under the 
bylaws of the applicable subsidiary or SLM (subject to the provisions of the By-Laws, which limit 
indemnity in certain circumstances).

(3) 

Covenant Not To Sue:  I agree not to sue the Released Parties with respect to any 
claims, demands, liabilities or obligations released by this Agreement and Release.  The Parties 
agree, however, that nothing contained in this covenant not to sue or elsewhere in this Agreement 
and Release shall: 

(a) 

prevent me from challenging, under the Older Workers Benefits Protection 
Act (29 U.S.C. § 626), the knowing and voluntary nature of my release of any age claims in this 
Agreement and Release before a court, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), 
or any other federal, state, or local agency; 

(b) 

prevent me from enforcing any future claims or rights that arise under the 

Age Discrimination in Employment (ADEA) after I have signed this Agreement and Release; or 

(c) 

prohibit or restrict me from: (i) making any disclosure of information required 
by law; (ii) filing a charge, initiating, making disclosures, testifying in, providing information to, 
or assisting in an investigation or proceeding brought by or to any governmental or regulatory body 
or official, or in any judicial or administrative action; (iii) making disclosures that are required or 
protected under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and any 
other law, rule or regulation, subject to the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission; 
or (iv) from testifying, participating in or otherwise assisting in a proceeding relating to an alleged 
violation of any federal or state employment law or any federal law relating to fraud or any rule or 
regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any self-regulatory organization. 

Except  with  respect  to  the  proviso  in  Section  (2)  regarding  alleged  securities 
violations and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph, I hereby waive and release 
any right to receive any personal relief (for example, money) as a result of any investigation or 
proceeding of the U.S. Department of Labor, EEOC, U.S. Department of Education, OIG, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or any federal, state, or local 
government agency or court.  Further, with my waiver and release of claims in this Agreement and 
Release, I specifically assign to the Released Parties my right to any recovery arising from any such 
investigation or proceeding.

(4) 

Additional Representations and Promises:  I further acknowledge and agree that: 

(a) 

I will return all SLM and Released Parties’ property in my possession or 

control to them.

(b) 

Other than previously disclosed to SLM’s General Counsel, Deputy General 
Counsel, or SLM’s Board of Directors, I hereby represent and warrant that I have not reported any 
illegal  or  potentially  illegal  conduct  or  activities  to  any  supervisor,  manager,  department  head, 
human resources representative, director, officer, agent or any other representative of SLM, any 
member of the legal or compliance departments, or to the Code of Business Conduct hotline and 
have no knowledge of any such illegal or potentially illegal conduct or activities.  I have disclosed 
to SLM any information I have concerning any conduct involving SLM that I have reason to believe 
may be unlawful or that involves any false claims to the United States.  I promise to cooperate fully 
in any investigation SLM undertakes into matters occurring during my employment with SLM.  I 
understand that nothing in this Agreement and Release prevents me from cooperating with any U.S. 
government investigation.  In addition, to the fullest extent permitted by law, I hereby irrevocably 
assign to the U.S. government any right I might have to any proceeds or awards in connection with 
any false claims proceedings against SLM. 

(c) 

If I breach any provisions of this Agreement and Release, I agree that I will 
pay for all costs incurred by any Released Parties, or any entities or individuals covered by this 
Agreement and Release, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in defending against my claim and 
seeking to uphold my release. 

(d) 

I  agree  to  keep  the  terms  of  this  Agreement  and  Release  completely 
confidential  except  as  may  be  required  or  permitted  by  statute,  regulation  or  court  order. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, I may disclose such information as permitted under Section 3 or 
Section 6 or to my immediate family and professional representatives, so long as they are informed 
and agree to be bound by this confidentiality clause.  This Agreement and Release shall not be 
offered or received in evidence in any action or proceeding in any court, arbitration, administrative 
agency or other tribunal for any purpose whatsoever other than to carry out or enforce the provisions 
of this Agreement and Release. 

(e) 

I further agree not to disparage SLM, its business practices, products and 

services, or any other entity or person covered by this Agreement and Release. 

(f) 

I understand that SLM in the future may change employee benefits or pay. 

I understand that my job may be refilled. 

(g) 

I have not suffered any job-related wrongs or injuries, such as any type of 
discrimination, for which I might still be entitled to compensation or relief in the future.  I have 
properly reported all hours that I have worked and I have been paid all wages, overtime, commissions, 
compensation, benefits, and other amounts that SLM or any Released Party should have paid me 
in the past, other than with respect to any benefit plan terminations or distributions authorized as 
of the date of this Agreement and Release. 

(h) 

I intentionally am releasing claims that I do not know I might have and that, 
with hindsight, I might regret having released. I have not assigned or given away any of the claims 
that I am releasing. 

(i) 

If I initially did not think any representation I am making in this Agreement 
and Release was true, or if I initially was uncomfortable making it, I resolved all my concerns before 
signing this Agreement and Release.  I have carefully read this Agreement and Release, I fully 
understand what it means, I am entering into it knowingly and voluntarily, and all my representations 
in it are true. SLM would not have signed this Agreement and Release but for my promises and 
representations.

(5) 

Arbitration  of  Disputes:    Except  with  respect  to  the  proviso  in  Section  (2) 
concerning securities litigation, SLM and I agree to resolve any disputes we may have with each 
other through final and binding arbitration.  For example, I am agreeing to arbitrate any dispute 
about the validity of this Agreement and Release or any discrimination claim, which means that an 
Arbitrator and not a court of law will decide issues of arbitrability and of liability with respect to 
any claim I may bring; provided, however, that either party may pursue a temporary restraining 
order and/or preliminary injunctive relief, with expedited discovery where necessary, in a court of 
competent jurisdiction to protect common law or contractual trade secret or confidential information 
rights and to enforce the post-employment restrictions in Section (6).  I also agree to resolve through 
final and binding arbitration any disputes I have with SLM, its affiliates, or any current or former 
officers,  employees  or  directors  who  elects  to  arbitrate  those  disputes  under  this  subsection.  
Arbitrations shall be conducted by JAMS (also known as Judicial Arbitration & Mediation Services) 
in accordance with its employment dispute resolution rules.  This Agreement to arbitrate does not 
apply to government agency proceedings, but does apply to any lawsuit I might bring, including 
but  not  limited  to  any  lawsuit  related  to  a  government  agency  proceeding.  By  agreeing  to  this 
Agreement and Release, I understand that I am waiving my right to a jury trial. 

(6) 

Confidentiality, Intellectual Property, Non-Competition, and Non-Solicitation:  
Except as required or permitted by statute, regulation or court order, or pursuant to written consent 
given by SLM’s General Counsel, I agree not to disclose to anyone else any of the information or 
materials which are proprietary or trade secrets of SLM or are otherwise confidential.  In addition, 
in consideration of the Plan Benefits, I hereby acknowledge that I previously signed an Agreement 
Regarding  Confidentiality,  Intellectual  Property,  and  Non-Solicitation  and  that  I  continue  to  be 
bound by the terms of that Agreement except as modified in this Section (6).  Notwithstanding the 

foregoing, in consideration of the Plan Benefits, I agree as follows:  I shall not, directly or indirectly, 
compete  with  SLM  or  its  subsidiaries  or  affiliates  for  a  period  of  [INSERT  NUMBER  OF 
MONTHS OF BASE PAY SEVERANCE IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months 
after the date of termination of my employment for whatever reason (“Restricted Period”).  For the 
purposes of this Section (6), “compete” means owning, managing, operating, financing, working, 
consulting,  advising,  representing,  or  providing  the  same  or  similar  services  with  or  without 
compensation  in  any  capacity  as  those  I  provided  to  SLM  within  the  last  two  (2)  years  of  my 
employment engaged in the same business conducted by SLM at the time of my termination.  

In further consideration of the Plan Benefits described above in this Agreement and 
Release,  I  agree  that  for  [INSERT  NUMBER  OF  MONTHS  OF  BASE  PAY  SEVERANCE 
IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months after my date of termination of my employment 
for whatever reason (collectively, the “Non-Solicitation Employee Period”) that I shall not solicit 
or encourage any employee with whom I communicated within the last year of my employment to 
leave the employ of SLM, or hire any such employees.  Further, for a period of [INSERT NUMBER 
OF MONTHS OF BASE PAY SEVERANCE IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months 
following the termination of my employment with the SLM, I shall not, directly or indirectly, contact 
or accept business that SLM could otherwise perform from any of SLM’s customers or prospective 
customers with whom I communicated within the last two (2) years of my employment.

I expressly agree that the markets served by SLM extend nationally are not dependent 
on the geographic location of the personnel or the businesses by which they are employed and that 
the restrictions set forth in this Section (6) have been designed to be reasonable and are no greater 
than are required for the protection of SLM and do not prevent me from earning a livelihood by 
working in positions that do not compete with SLM.  In the event that a court shall determine that 
any provision of the Agreement and Release is unenforceable, the Parties shall request that the court 
construe this Agreement and Release in such a fashion as to render it enforceable and to revise time, 
geographic and functional limits to those minimum limits that the court believes are reasonable to 
protect the interests of SLM.  I acknowledge and agree that this covenant has unique, substantial 
and immeasurable value to SLM, that I have sufficient skills to provide a livelihood for me while 
this covenant remains in force, and that this covenant will not interfere with my ability to work 
consistent with my experience, training, and education.  To enable SLM to monitor compliance 
with the obligations imposed by this Agreement and Release, I further agree to inform in writing 
Sallie Mae’s Senior Vice President, Human Resources of the identity of my subsequent employer
(s) and my prospective job title and responsibilities prior to beginning employment.  I agree that 
this notice requirement shall remain in effect for twelve (12) months following the termination of 
my employment. 

In the event that the Board of Directors of SLM or its successor reasonably determines 
that I have violated any of the post-employment restrictions of the Agreement and Release or if a 
court  at  my  request  determines  that  all  or  a  substantial  part  of  such  restrictions  are  held  to  be 
unenforceable, I will return to SLM fifty percent (50%) (less withholdings previously withheld by 
law) of the cash Plan Benefits.  The illegality, unenforceability, or ineffectiveness of any provision 
of this Section (6) shall not affect the legality, enforceability, or effectiveness of any other provision 

of this Agreement and Release.  Notwithstanding the confidentiality provisions identified in Section 
4(d) of this Agreement and Release, I may disclose my SLM restrictive covenants to perspective 
employers and agree that SLM may provide a copy of this Agreement and Release to my prospective 
or future employers. 

(7) 

Review Period:  I hereby acknowledge (a) that I initially received a copy of the 
original draft of this Agreement and Release on or before [Date]; (b) that I was offered a period of 
forty-five (45) calendar days to review and consider it; (c) that I understand I could use as much of 
the  forty-five  (45)  calendar  day  period  as  I  wish  prior  to  signing;  and  (d)  that  I  was  strongly 
encouraged to consult with an attorney in writing before signing this Agreement and Release, and 
understood whether or not to do so was my decision.  I waive any rights to further time to consider 
the Agreement and Release.

(8) 

Revocation  of  Claims:    I  understand  that  I  may  revoke  the  waiver  of  the Age 
Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) claims made in this Agreement and Release within 
seven (7) days of my signing.  My waiver and release of claims under ADEA shall not be effective 
or enforceable and I will not receive seventy percent (70%) of the cash Plan Benefits described in 
Section (1) above.  Revocation of claims can be made by delivering a written notice of revocation 
to Senior Vice President, Administration, Sallie Mae, Inc., 300 Continental Drive, Newark, DE 
19713. 

(9) 

I acknowledge that I have read and understand all of the provisions of this Agreement 
and Release.  This Agreement and Release represents the entire agreement between the Parties 
concerning the subject matter hereof and shall not be altered, amended, modified, or otherwise 
changed except by a writing executed by both Parties.  I understand and agree that this Agreement 
and Release, if not timely revoked pursuant to Section (8), is final and binding when executed by 
me.  I sign this document freely, knowingly and voluntarily.  I acknowledge that I have not relied 
upon any representation or statement, written or oral, not set forth in this Agreement and Release.  
If any provision of this Agreement and Release is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or by 
an arbitrator to be unenforceable or contrary to law, the remainder of that provision and the remaining 
provisions of this Agreement and Release will remain in full force and effect to the maximum extent 
permitted by applicable law.  If this Agreement and Release is held to be unenforceable or contrary 
to law, I agree to repay the Plan Benefit I received.  This Agreement and Release is governed by 
federal laws and the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. 

(10) 

In addition, in consideration of the Plan Benefits and other consideration described 
above,  I  further  agree  to  cooperate  with  SLM,  its  affiliates,  and  its  legal  counsel  in  any  legal 
proceedings currently pending or brought in the future against SLM, including, but not limited to: 
(a) participation as a witness; (b) drafting, producing, and reviewing documents; (c) assisting with 
interviews, depositions, discovery, hearings, and trial; and (d) contacting SLM.  In the event I am 
requested, with reasonable notice, to travel as part of this litigation cooperation, SLM agrees to pay 
my reasonable out of pocket expenses. 

Before you sign this Agreement and Release, please take it home, read through each Section 
and carefully consider it.  SLM recommends that you discuss it with your personal attorney 
(any personal attorney fees are not covered under the terms of this Agreement.  You have up 
to  forty-five  (45)  calendar  days  to  consider  this Agreement  and  Release.    By  signing  this 
Agreement and Release, you will be waiving any claims whether known or unknown. 

_______________________________________ 
Name   

__________________________________
Date

_______________________________________ 
Name   
Senior Vice President, 
Chief Human Resources Officer
SLM Corporation

__________________________________
Date

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.7

SLM CORPORATION

Change in Control Severance Plan for Senior Officers

(Including Amendments as of June 25, 2015)

ARTICLE 1

NAME, PURPOSE AND EFFECTIVE DATE

1.01 Name and Purpose of Plan.  The name of this plan is the SLM Corporation Change 
in Control Severance Plan for Senior Officers (the “Plan”).  The purpose of the Plan is to provide 
compensation and benefits to certain senior level officers of SLM Corporation and Sallie Mae, Inc. 
upon certain change in control events of SLM Corporation (the “Corporation”). 

1.02 Effective Date.  The effective date of the Plan is January 1, 2006. Sections 2.03 and 
3.01 of the Plan were amended on March 19, 2008.  The Plan was further amended effective January 
1,  2009,  December  8,  2010,  March  31,  2011,  September  22,  2011,  and  June  25,  2015.    The 
compensation and benefits payable under this Plan are payable upon Change in Control events that 
occur after the effective date of this Plan. 

1.03 ERISA Status.  This Plan is intended to be an unfunded plan that is maintained primarily 
to  provide  severance  compensation  and  benefits  to  a  select  group  of  “management  or  highly 
compensated  employees”  within  the  meaning  of  Sections  201,  301,  and  401  of  the  Employee 
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), and therefore to be exempt from the provisions 
of Parts 2, 3, and 4 of Title I of ERISA. 

ARTICLE 2

DEFINITIONS

The  following  words  and  phrases  shall  have  the  following  meanings  unless  a  different 

meaning is plainly required by the context: 

2.01 “Base Salary” means the greater of the annual base rate of compensation payable to 
an Eligible Officer at the time of (a) a Change in Control, or (b) a Termination Date, such annual 
base rate of compensation not reduced by any pre-tax deferrals under any tax-qualified plan, non-
qualified  deferred  compensation  plan,  qualified  transportation  fringe  benefit  plan  under  Code 
Section  132(f),  or  cafeteria  plan  under  Code  Section  125  maintained  by  the  Corporation,  but 
excluding the following: incentive or other bonus plan payments, accrued vacation, commissions, 
sick leave, holidays, jury duty, bereavement, other paid leaves of absence, short-term disability 
payments, recruiting/job referral bonuses, severance, hiring bonuses, long-term disability payments, 
payments  from  a  nonqualified  deferred  compensation  plan  maintained  by  the  Corporation,  or 
amounts paid on account of the exercise of stock options or on account of the award or vesting of 
restricted or performance stock or other stock-based compensation. 

2.02 “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of SLM Corporation.

2.03 “Bonus” means the greater of: (a) the average of the annual bonuses earned under the 
SLM Corporation Incentive Plan or any successor plan for the two (2) year period prior to a Change 
in Control or (b) the average of the annual bonuses earned under the SLM Corporation Incentive 

Plan or any successor plan, including a comparable annual incentive plan of a Successor Corporation, 
for the two (2) year period prior to the Eligible Officer’s Termination Date, except that with regard 
to an Eligible Officer with no bonus payment history, “Bonus” means such Eligible Officer’s target 
bonus multiplied by the percentage that results from dividing the two (2) year average of actual 
bonuses paid to officers at the same level as the Newly Hired Officer by the two (2) year average 
of the target bonuses set for officers at the same level as the Newly Hired Officer, and with regard 
to an Eligible Officer with one (1) year of bonus history, such Eligible Officer’s “Bonus” means 
the average of 1) his or her actual bonus, and 2) his or her target bonus multiplied by the percentage 
that results from dividing the average of actual bonuses paid to officers at the same level as the 
Newly Hired Officer by the average of the target bonuses set for officers at the same level as the 
Newly Hired Officer. 

2.04 “Equity  Acceleration  Change  in  Control”  means  an  occurrence  of  any  of  the 
following  events:    (a)  an  acquisition  (other  than  directly  from  the  Corporation)  of  any  voting 
securities of the Corporation (the “Voting Securities”) by any “person or group” (within the meaning 
of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), other than an employee benefit plan of the 
Corporation, immediately after which such person has “Beneficial Ownership” (within the meaning 
of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting 
power  of  the  Corporation’s  then  outstanding  Voting  Securities;  (b)  the  closing  of  a  merger, 
consolidation or reorganization involving the Corporation and the entity resulting from the merger, 
consolidation  or  reorganization  (the  “Surviving  Corporation”)  does  not  assume  the  SLM 
Corporation Incentive Plan; (c) the closing of a merger, consolidation or reorganization involving 
the Corporation and the Surviving Corporation assumes the SLM Corporation Incentive Plan but, 
either (i) the stockholders of the Corporation immediately before such merger, consolidation or 
reorganization  own,  directly  or  indirectly  immediately  following  such  merger,  consolidation  or 
reorganization,  less  than  fifty  percent  (50%)  of  the  combined  voting  power  of  the  Surviving 
Corporation in substantially the same proportion as their ownership immediately before such merger, 
consolidation or reorganization, or (ii) less than a majority of the members of the Board of Directors 
of the Surviving Corporation were directors of the Corporation immediately prior to the execution 
of the Agreement providing for such merger, consolidation or reorganization; (d) the filing of a 
certificate of dissolution with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a dissolution 
of the Corporation or the filing of a petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code; or 
(e) such other events as the Board of Directors or a Committee of the Board of Directors from time 
to time may specify. 

2.05 “Cash Acceleration Change in Control” means the occurrence of any one of the events 
constituting  an  Equity Acceleration  Change  in  Control  as  defined  above,  or  the  sale  of  all  or 
substantially all of the assets of the Corporation. 

2.06 “For Cause” means a determination by the Committee (as defined herein) that there 
has been a willful and continuing failure of an Eligible Officer to perform substantially his duties 
and responsibilities (other than as a result of Eligible Officer’s death or Disability) and, if in the 
judgment of the Committee such willful and continuing failure may be cured by an Eligible Officer, 

that such failure has not been cured by an Eligible Officer within ten (10) business days after written 
notice of such was given to Eligible Officer by the Committee, or that Eligible Officer has committed 
an act of Misconduct (as defined below).  For purposes of this Plan, “Misconduct” shall mean: (a) 
embezzlement, fraud, conviction of a felony crime, pleading guilty or nolo contender to a felony 
crime, or breach of fiduciary duty or deliberate disregard of the Corporation’s Code of Business 
Code; (b) personal dishonesty of Eligible Officer materially injurious to the Corporation; (c) an 
unauthorized disclosure of any Proprietary Information; or (d) competing with the Corporation 
while employed by the Corporation or during the Restricted Period, in contravention of the non-
competition and non-solicitation agreements substantially in the form provided in Exhibit A upon 
termination of employment. 

2.07 “Termination of Employment for Good Reason” means an Eligible Officer’s decision 
to resign from his employment due to (a) a material reduction in the position or responsibilities of 
Eligible Officer; (b) a reduction in Eligible Officer’s Base Salary or a material reduction in Eligible 
Officer’s compensation arrangements or benefits, (provided that variability in the value of stock-
based compensation or in the compensation provided under the SLM Corporation Incentive Plan 
or a successor plan shall not be deemed to cause a material reduction in compensation); or (c) a 
relocation of the Eligible Officer’s primary work location to a distance of more than seventy-five 
(75) miles from its location as of the date of this Plan without the consent of Eligible Officer, unless 
such  relocation  results  in  the  Eligible  Officer’s  primary  work  location  being  closer  to  Eligible 
Officer’s then primary residence or does not substantially increase the average commuting time of 
Eligible Officer. 

2.08 “Termination Date” has the following meaning:  For purposes of a “Termination by 
Eligible  Officer  For  Good  Reason,” Termination  Date  means  the  date  that  the  Eligible  Officer 
submits his written notice of resignation to the Corporation; provided, however, that if the decision 
to resign is due to clause (a) of the definition of “Termination by Eligible Officer For Good Reason,” 
the Termination Date means the date that is six (6) months following the date that the Eligible 
Officer submits his written notice of resignation to the Corporation.  For purposes of a “Termination 
of Employment by Corporation Without Cause,” Termination Date means the date the Corporation 
delivers written notice of termination to the Eligible Officer. 

2.09 “Termination of Eligible Officer’s Employment Without Cause” means termination 
of an Eligible Officer’s employment by the Corporation for any reason other than “For Cause” or 
on account of death or disability, as defined in the Corporation’s long-term disability policy in effect 
at the time of termination (“Disability”). 

ARTICLE 3

ELIGIBILITY AND BENEFITS

3.01 Eligible Officers.  Officers of SLM Corporation at the level of Senior Vice President 
and above and officers of Sallie Mae, Inc. at the level of Senior Vice President and above, are eligible 
for benefits under this Plan (the “Eligible Officers”).  In addition, an Eligible Officer shall not be 

entitled to receive benefits more than once under this Plan as a result of holding titles with multiple 
entities  with  the  Corporation  and  the  group  of  companies  under  common  control  with  the 
Corporation.

3.02 Limitation  on  Single  Trigger  Change-in-Control  Benefits.    Upon  an  Equity 
Acceleration Change in Control, all outstanding and unvested equity awards held by an Eligible 
Officer and granted under the SLM Corporation Management Incentive Plan or the SLM Corporation 
Incentive Plan shall become vested and non-forfeitable, provided however, that for equity awards 
granted in 2009 and in subsequent years the following shall apply: in the event of a Change of 
Control  Transaction  involving  a  merger,  consolidation  or  reorganization  and  in  which  the 
Corporation is not the Surviving Corporation, if the terms of such transaction do not provide for 
the Surviving Corporation to adopt and assume a Participant's Awards under the Plan (with any 
appropriate adjustment to the number and type of shares subject to such Awards), the Award shall 
become one hundred percent (100%) vested and (if applicable) exercisable and shall be settled and 
(if applicable) exercised in full as of the time immediately prior to the consummation of such Change 
of Control Transaction. 

3.03 Double Trigger Change-in-Control Benefits.  An Eligible Officer shall be entitled to 
receive a severance payment (the “Severance Payment”) and continuation of medical and dental 
insurance benefits if within the first twenty-four (24) month period after the occurrence of a Cash 
Acceleration  Change  in  Control,  either:  (i)  the  Eligible  Officer  gives  written  notice  of  his 
Termination of Employment for Good Reason, provided that if such notice is on account of a decision 
to resign due to clause (a) of the definition of “Termination by Eligible Officer for Good Reason,” 
such Eligible Officer continues his employment for a six (6) month period following the delivery 
of such notice or (ii) upon a Termination of Eligible Officer’s Employment Without Cause. 

(a) The amount of the Severance Payment shall equal two (2) times the sum of the 
Eligible Officer’s Base Salary and Bonus plus a cash payment equal to the Eligible Officer’s target 
annual bonus amount for the year in which the Termination Date occurs, such target bonus amount 
to be prorated for the full number of months in the final year that the Eligible Officer was employed 
by the Corporation.  The Severance Payment shall be made to the Eligible Officer in a single lump 
sum cash payment following the date that the Eligible Officer becomes entitled to a Severance 
Payment but in no event later than seventy-five calendar days from the Termination Date if intended 
to qualify under Internal Revenue Code Section 409A. 

(b) For twenty-four (24) months following the Eligible Officer’s Termination Date, 
the Eligible Officer and his eligible dependents or survivors shall be entitled to continue to participate 
in any medical and dental insurance plans generally available to the senior management of the 
Corporation, as such plans may be in effect from time to time on the terms generally applied to 
actively  employed  senior  management  of  the  Corporation,  including  any  Eligible  Officer  cost-
sharing provision.  Eligible Officer shall cease to be covered under the foregoing medical and/or 
dental  insurance  plans  if  he  becomes  eligible  to  obtain  coverage  under  medical  and/or  dental 
insurance plans of a subsequent employer. 

(c) All payments and benefits provided under this Section 3.03 are conditioned on 
the Eligible Officer’s continuing compliance with this Plan and the Eligible Officer’s execution 
(and effectiveness) of a release of claims and covenant not to sue and non-competition and non-
solicitation  agreements  substantially  in  the  form  provided  in  Exhibit  A  upon  termination  of 
employment. 

3.04.Tax Effect of Payments.

(a) No Excise Tax Gross-Up.  In the event it is determined that any compensation by 
or benefit from the Corporation to the Eligible Officer or for the Eligible Officer's benefit, whether 
pursuant  to  the  terms  of  this  Plan  or  otherwise  (“Total  Payments”),  (i)  constitute  "parachute 
payments" within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended 
(the “Code”) and (ii) would be subject to taxes of any state, local or federal taxing authority that 
would not have been imposed but for a change of control, including any excise tax under Section 
4999 of the Code, and any successor or comparable provision (“Excise Tax”), then the Eligible 
Officer's benefits under this Plan or otherwise shall be either (x) delivered in full or (y) delivered 
as to such lesser extent which would result in no portion of the Total Payments being subject to 
Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable federal, state 
and local income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the receipt by the Executive on an after-tax 
basis  of  the  greatest  amount  of  benefits,  notwithstanding  that  all  or  some  portion  of  the  Total 
Payments may be taxable under Section 4999 of the Code.  In the event that the payments and/or 
benefits are to be reduced pursuant to this Section 3.04(a), such payments and benefits shall be 
reduced such that the reduction of after-tax compensation to be provided to the Eligible Officer as 
a result of this Section 3.04(a) is minimized. In applying this principle, the reduction shall be made 
in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  requirements  of  Section  409A  of  the  Code  and  where  two  (2) 
economically  equivalent  amounts  are  subject  to  reduction  but  payable  at  different  times,  such 
amounts shall be reduced on a pro rata basis but not below zero.  In addition, the Company may in 
its discretion, include in the lesser benefits paid under (y) above, a reasonable cushion amount to 
take into account that the final value of the benefits delivered to the Executive Officer could be 
determined at a later point in time. Each Eligible Officer shall cooperate fully with the Company 
to determine the benefits applicable under this Section. 

(b) Determination  by  Auditors. 

  All  mathematical  determinations  and  all 
determinations of whether any of the Total Payments are “parachute payments” (within the meaning 
of Section 280G of the Code) that are required to be made under this Section 3, shall be made by 
the independent auditors retained by the Corporation most recently prior to the Change in Control 
(the “Auditors”), who shall provide their determination (the “Determination”), together with detailed 
supporting calculations, both to the Corporation and to the Eligible Officer promptly following the 
Eligible  Officer’s  Termination  Date,  if  applicable,  or  such  earlier  time  as  is  requested  by  the 
Corporation.  Any Determination by the Auditors shall be binding upon the Corporation and the 
Eligible Officer, absent a binding determination by a governmental taxing authority that a greater 
or lesser amount of taxes is payable by the Eligible Officer.  The Corporation shall pay the fees and 
costs of the Auditors.  If the Auditors do not agree to perform the tasks contemplated by this Section 

3, then the Corporation shall promptly select another qualified accounting firm to perform such 
tasks. 

3.05. Section 409A.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, to the extent that the 
Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that any payments or benefits to be provided hereunder 
to or for the benefit of an Eligible Officer who is also a “specified employee” (as such term is defined 
under Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Code or any successor or comparable provision) would be 
subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A(a)(1)(B) of the Code or any successor or 
comparable provision, the commencement of such payments and/or benefits shall be delayed until 
the earlier of (x) the date that is six months following the Termination Date or (y) the date of the 
Eligible Officer’s death or disability (within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(2)(C) of the Code or 
any successor or comparable provision) (such date is referred to herein as the “Distribution Date”).  
In the event that the Committee determines that the commencement of any of the benefits to be 
provided under Section 3.03(b) are to be delayed pursuant to the preceding sentence, the Corporation 
shall require the Eligible Officer to bear the full cost of such benefits until the Distribution Date at 
which time the Corporation shall reimburse the Designated Employee for all such costs.

ARTICLE 4

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

4.01 Administrative Committee.  The Plan will be administered by a committee  consisting 
of the Corporation’s Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Administrative Officer, and General 
Counsel (the “Committee”); provided, however, that nothing herein shall limit the authority of the 
Nominations, Governance and Compensation Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors 
with respect to its right to review and approve all decisions made with respect to executive officers 
of the Corporation, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

4.02 Powers.  The Committee shall have full power, discretion and authority to interpret, 
construe  and  administer  the  Plan  and  any  part  hereof,  and  the  Committee’s  interpretation  and 
construction hereof, and any actions hereunder, shall be binding on all persons for all purposes.  
The  Committee  shall  provide  for  the  keeping  of  detailed,  written  minutes  of  its  actions.    The 
Committee, in fulfilling its responsibilities may (by way of illustration and not of limitation) do 
any or all of the following: 

(a) allocate among its members, and/or delegate to one (1) or more other persons 
selected  by  it,  responsibility  for  fulfilling  some  or  all  of  its  responsibilities  under  the  Plan  in 
accordance with Section 405(c) of ERISA; 

(b) designate one (1) or more of its members to sign on its behalf directions, notices 

and other communications to any entity or other person; 

(c) establish rules and regulations with regard to its conduct and the fulfillment of 

its responsibilities under the Plan; 

(d) designate  other  persons  to  render  advice  with  respect  to  any  responsibility  or 

authority pursuant to the Plan being carried out by it or any of its delegates under the Plan; and 

e) employ  legal  counsel,  consultants  and  agents  as  it  may  deem  desirable  in  the 

administration of the Plan and rely on the opinion of such counsel. 

4.03 Action by Majority.  The majority of the members of the Committee in office at the 
time will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  All resolutions or other actions taken 
by the Committee will be by the vote of the majority at any meeting or by written instrument signed 
by the majority. 

ARTICLE 5

CLAIM FOR BENEFITS UNDER THIS PLAN

5.01 Claims for Benefits under this Plan.  A condition precedent to receipt of severance 
benefits is the execution of an unaltered release of claims in form and substance prescribed by the 
Corporation.  If an Eligible Officer believes that an individual should have been eligible to participate 
in the Plan or disputes the amount of benefits under the Plan, such individual may submit a claim 
for benefits in writing to the Committee within sixty (60) days after the individual’s termination of 
employment.  If such claim for benefits is wholly or partially denied, the Committee shall within 
a reasonable period of time, but no later than ninety (90) days after receipt of the written claim, 
notify the individual of the denial of the claim.  If an extension of time for processing the claim is 
required, the Committee may take up to an additional ninety (90) days, provided that the Committee 
sends the individual written notice of the extension before the expiration of the original ninety (90) 
day period.  The notice provided to the individual will describe why an extension is required and 
when a decision is expected to be made.  If a claim is wholly or partially denied, the denial notice:  
(1) shall be in writing, (2) shall be written in a manner calculated to be understood by the individual, 
and  (3)  shall  contain  (a)  the  reasons  for  the  denial,  including  specific  reference  to  those  plan 
provisions on which the denial is based; (b) a description of any additional information necessary 
to complete the claim and an explanation of why such information is necessary; (c) an explanation 
of the steps to be taken to appeal the adverse determination; and (d) a statement of the individual’s 
right to bring a civil action under Section 502(a) of ERISA following an adverse decision after 
appeal.  The Committee shall have full discretion consistent with their fiduciary obligations under 
ERISA to deny or grant a claim in whole or in part.  If notice of denial of a claim is not furnished 
in accordance with this Section, the claim shall be deemed denied and the claimant shall be permitted 
to exercise his rights to review pursuant to Section 5.02 and 5.03. 

5.02 Right to Request Review of Benefit Denial.  Within sixty (60) days of the individual’s 
receipt of the written notice of denial of the claim, the individual may file a written request for a 
review of the denial of the individual’s claim for benefits In connection with the individual’s appeal 
of the denial of his benefit, the individual may submit comments, records, documents, or other 
information supporting the appeal, regardless of whether such information was considered in the 

prior benefits decision.  Upon request and free of charge, the individual will be provided reasonable 
access to and copies of all documents, records and other information relevant to the claim. 

5.03 Disposition of Claim.  The Committee shall deliver to the individual a written decision 
on the claim promptly, but not later than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the individual’s written 
request for review, except that if there are special circumstances which require an extension of time 
for processing, the sixty (60) day period shall be extended to one hundred and twenty (120) days; 
provided that the appeal reviewer sends written notice of the extension before the expiration of the 
original sixty (60) day period.  If the appeal is wholly or partially denied, the denial notice will:  (1) 
be written in a manner calculated to be understood by the individual, (2) contain references to the 
specific plan provision(s) upon which the decision was based; (3) contain a statement that, upon 
request and free of charge, the individual will be provided reasonable access to and copies of all 
documents,  records  and  other  information  relevant  to  the  claim  for  benefits;  and  (4)  contain  a 
statement of the individual’s right to bring a civil action under Section 502(a) of ERISA. 

5.04 Exhaustion.  An individual must exhaust the Plan’s claims procedures prior to bringing 

any claim for benefits under the Plan in a court of competent jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE 6

MISCELLANEOUS

6.01Successors.

(a)  Any successor (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, lease, merger, 
consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Corporation’s business and/
or  assets  shall  be  obligated  under  this  Plan  in  the  same  manner  and  to  the  same  extent  as  the 
Corporation would be required to perform it in the absence of a succession.

(b)  This Plan and all rights of the Eligible Officer hereunder shall inure to the benefit 
of,  and  be  enforceable  by,  the  Eligible  Officer’s  personal  or  legal  representatives,  executors, 
administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 

6.02 Creditor Status of Eligible Officers.  In the event that any Eligible Officer acquires 
a right to receive payments from the Corporation under the Plan, such right shall be no greater than 
the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Corporation. 

6.03 Facility of Payment.  If it shall be found that (a) an Eligible Officer entitled to receive 
any payment under the Plan is physically or mentally incompetent to receive such payment and to 
give a valid release therefore, and (b) another person or an institution is then maintaining or has 
custody of such Eligible Officer, and no guardian, committee, or other representative of the estate 
of such person has been duly appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction, the payment may be 
made to such other person or institution referred to in (b) above, and the release shall be a valid and 
complete discharge for the payment. 

6.04 Notice of Address.  Each Eligible Officer entitled to benefits under the Plan must file 
with the Corporation, in writing, his post office address and each change of post office address.  
Any communication, statement or notice addressed to such Eligible Officer at such address shall 
be deemed sufficient for all purposes of the Plan, and there shall be no obligation on the part of the 
Corporation to search for or to ascertain the location of such Eligible Officer. 

6.05 Headings.  The headings of the Plan are inserted for convenience and reference only 

and shall have no effect upon the meaning of the provisions hereof. 

6.06 Choice of Law.  The Plan shall be construed, regulated and administered under the 
laws of the State of Delaware (excluding the choice-of-law rules thereto), except that if any such 
laws are superseded by any applicable Federal law or statute, such Federal law or statute shall apply. 

6.07 Construction.  Whenever used herein, a masculine pronoun shall be deemed to include 
the masculine and feminine gender, a singular word shall be deemed to include the singular and 
plural and vice versa in all cases where the context requires. 

6.08 Termination; Amendment; Waiver.

(a) Prior to the occurrence of either an Equity Acceleration Change in Control or a 
Cash Acceleration Change in Control, the Board of Directors, or a delegated Committee of the 
Board,  may  amend  or  terminate  the  Plan  at  any  time  and  from  time  to  time.    Termination  or 
amendment of the Plan shall not affect any obligation of the Corporation under the Plan which has 
accrued and is unpaid as of the effective date of the termination or amendment.  Unless and until 
an Equity Acceleration Change in Control and/or a Cash Acceleration Change in Control shall have 
occurred, an Eligible Officer shall not have any vested rights under the Plan or any agreement 
entered into pursuant to the Plan. 

(b) From and after the occurrence of either an Equity Acceleration Change in Control 
or a Cash Acceleration Change in Control, no provision of this Plan shall be modified, waived or 
discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the 
Eligible Officer and by an authorized officer of the Corporation (other than the Eligible Officer).  
No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of compliance with, any condition or provision of 
this Agreement by the other party shall be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision 
or of the same condition or provision at another time. 

(c) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Board of Directors may, in 
its sole discretion, amend the Plan (which amendment shall be effective upon its adoption or at such 
other time designated by the Board of Directors) at any time prior to an Equity Acceleration Change 
in Control and/or Cash Acceleration Change in Control as may be necessary to avoid the imposition 
of the additional tax under Section 409A(a)(1)(B) of the Code; provided, however, that any such 
amendment shall be implemented in such a manner as to preserve, to the greatest extent possible, 
the terms and conditions of the Plan as in existence immediately prior to any such amendment. 

6.09 Whole Agreement.    This  Plan  contains  all  the  legally  binding  understandings  and 
agreements between the Eligible Officer and the Corporation pertaining to the subject matter thereof 
and supersedes all such Agreements, whether oral or in writing, previously entered into between 
the parties. 

6.10 Withholding Taxes.  All payments made under this Plan shall be subject to reduction 

to reflect taxes required to be withheld by law. 

6.11 No Assignment.  The rights of an Eligible Officer to payments or benefits under this 
Plan shall not be made subject to option or assignment, either by voluntary or involuntary assignment 
or by operation of law, including (without limitation) bankruptcy, garnishment, attachment or other 
creditor’s process, and any action in violation of this Section 6.11 shall be void.

Exhibit A

CONFIDENTIAL AGREEMENT AND RELEASE

SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries, predecessors, and affiliates (collectively “SLM”) and 
I, [Name], have reached the following confidential understanding and agreement.  In exchange for 
the Plan Benefits and other consideration listed below, I agree to comply fully with the terms of 
this  Confidential  Agreement  and  Release  (“Agreement  and  Release”).    In  exchange  for  my 
Agreements, SLM agrees to provide me with the Plan Benefits and other consideration listed below, 
to which I am not otherwise entitled. 

(1)Plan Benefits and other consideration: 

(a) Unless I have revoked this Agreement and Release pursuant to Section (8) below, 
pursuant to the SLM Corporation Executive Severance Plan for Senior Officers (“Plan”), SLM will 
pay me severance in the following manner: a total amount of [$XXX] less withholding taxes and 
other deductions required by law (the “Plan Benefits”).  Such severance payment will be made in 
a lump sum no earlier than my official termination date or the eighth (8th) calendar day after my 
signature on this Agreement and Release, and no later than the thirtieth (30th) calendar day after my 
official termination date. 

(b) Rehiring:  If I am rehired as an employee of SLM or any of its subsidiaries or 
affiliates within the twelve (12) month period following my termination, I hereby agree to repay 
the Plan Benefits, divided by twelve (12) multiplied by the number of months remaining in the 
twelve (12) month period following my termination, adjusted and reduced by the amount of taxes 
paid and withheld on that sum, within thirty (30) days after rehire, as a condition of rehire to SLM 
or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates. 

(c) Medical/Dental/Vision  Continuation:    My  current  medical,  dental,  and  vision 
coverage will continue through the end of the month of my termination.  Beginning on the first day 
of the month following my Termination Date, [Date], I will have the right to continue my current 
medical, dental, and vision coverage through the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 
(“COBRA”) for up to __ months. Under the Plan, if I properly elect COBRA continuation coverage, 
SLM will pay the employer portion of the total cost of my medical, dental and vision insurance 
premiums for the __ month period of [Date through Date]. 

(d) Benefit Programs:  I waive future coverage and benefits under all SLM disability 
programs, but this Agreement and Release does not affect my eligibility for other SLM medical, 
dental, life insurance, retirement, and benefit plans.  Whether I sign this Agreement and Release or 
not, I understand that my rights and continued participation in those plans will be governed by their 
terms, and that I generally will become ineligible for them shortly after my termination, after which 
I may be able to purchase continued coverage under certain of such plans.  I understand that, except 
for the benefits that may be due under the 401(k) plans, deferred compensation, equity or pension 

plans to which I may be entitled under SLM’s standard employee benefit plans for similarly situated 
employees and executives, I will not receive any other wage, paid time off, or other similar payments 
from SLM or any of the entities discussed in Section (2). 

(e) For the purposes of this Agreement, the parties acknowledge that the “Amendment 
to  Stock  Option  and  Restricted/Performance  Stock  Terms”  issued  under  the  SLM  Corporation 
Employee Stock Option Plan, SLM Corporation Management Incentive Plan, SLM Corporation 
Incentive Plan (as amended and restated October 2006), and SLM Corporation 2009-2012 Incentive 
Plan  (collectively,  the  “Plans”)  by  SLM  Corporation,  and  effective  as  of  January  27,  2011,  is 
applicable. 

(f) Subject  to  any  earlier  payment  provisions  set  forth  above,  and  except  for  the 
benefits and payments described in 1(c) (Medical/Dental/Vision continuation) and 1(d) (Benefit 
Programs), all payments or reimbursements described in this Section (1) shall be paid to me on or 
before the eighth calendar day and no later than the twenty-first calendar day after my signature on 
this Agreement and Release. 

(2)Release:

In consideration of the Special Payments and Benefits described above, I agree to 
release  SLM,  and  all  of  its  subsidiaries,  affiliates,  predecessors,  successors,  and  all  related 
companies, and all of its former and current officers, employees, directors, and employee benefit 
programs (and the trustees, administrators, fiduciaries, and insurers of such programs) of any of 
them  (collectively  “Released  Parties”)  from  all  actions,  charges,  claims,  demands,  damages  or 
liabilities of any kind or character whatsoever, known or unknown, which I now have or may have 
had through the date I sign this Agreement and Release except claims that the law does not permit 
me to waive by signing this Agreement and Release.  For example, I am releasing all common law 
contract,  tort,  or  other  claims  I  might  have,  as  well  as  all  claims  I  might  have  under  the Age 
Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), the WARN Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
1964, Sections 1981 and 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, National Labor Relations Act, the 
Americans  with  Disabilities Act  (ADA),  Family  and  Medical  Leave Act,  Genetic  Information 
Nondiscrimination Act (“GINA”) of 2008, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 
(“ERISA”), individual relief under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or individual relief under the 
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 or The American Recovery 
and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and any other federal, state or local laws.  I further waive any right 
to payment of  attorneys' fees, which  I may have incurred.  It is understood  and agreed that by 
entering into this Agreement and Release, SLM does not admit any violation of law, or any of 
employee’s rights, and has entered into this Agreement and Release solely in the interest of resolving 
finally all claims and issues relating to my employment and separation.  

SLM and I, the Parties (“Parties”), expressly agree however, that nothing in this 
Agreement  and  Release  shall  preclude  my  participation  as  a  member  of  a  class  in  any  suit  or 
regulatory  action  brought  against  the  Released  Parties  arising  out  of  or  relating  to  any  alleged 
securities violations or diminution in the value of SLM securities.  SLM agrees that the release 

under this Section (2) shall not cover, and I reserve and do not waive, my rights, directly or indirectly 
to  seek  further  indemnification  and/or  contribution  under  the  By-Laws  of  SLM.  SLM  hereby 
reaffirms that I am entitled to indemnification after termination of my employment, for actions 
taken in my capacity as an officer of SLM Corporation or applicable SLM Corporation subsidiaries 
under the bylaws of the applicable subsidiary or SLM (subject to the provisions of the By-Laws, 
which limit indemnity in certain circumstances). 

(3)Covenant Not to Sue:

I agree not to sue the Released Parties with respect to any claims, demands, liabilities 
or obligations released by this Agreement and Release.  The Parties agree, however, that nothing 
contained in this covenant not to sue or elsewhere in this Agreement and Release shall: 

(a) prevent me from challenging, under the Older Workers Benefits Protection Act 
(29  U.S.C.  §  626),  the  knowing  and  voluntary  nature  of  my  release  of  any  age  claims  in  this 
Agreement and Release before a court, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), 
or any other federal, state, or local agency; 

(b) prevent me from enforcing any future claims or rights that arise under the Age 

Discrimination in Employment (ADEA) after I have signed this Agreement and Release; or 

(c) prohibit or restrict me from:  (i) making any disclosure of information required 
by law; (ii) filing a charge, initiating, making disclosures, testifying in, providing information to, 
or assisting in an investigation or proceeding brought by or to any governmental or regulatory body 
or official, or in any judicial or administrative action; (iii) making disclosures that are required or 
protected under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and any 
other law, rule or regulation, subject to the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission; 
or (iv) from testifying, participating in or otherwise assisting in a proceeding relating to an alleged 
violation of any federal or state employment law or any federal law relating to fraud or any rule or 
regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any self-regulatory organization.  

Except  with  respect  to  the  proviso  in  Section  (2)  regarding  alleged  securities 
violations and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this paragraph, I hereby waive and release 
any right to receive any personal relief (for example, money) as a result of any investigation or 
proceeding of the U.S. Department of Labor, EEOC, U.S. Department of Education, OIG, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or any federal, state, or local 
government agency or court. Further, with my waiver and release of claims in this Agreement and 
Release, I specifically assign to the Released Parties my right to any recovery arising from any such 
investigation or proceeding. 

(4) Additional Representations and Promises: I further acknowledge and agree that:

(a) I will return all SLM and Released Parties’ property in my possession or control 

to them. 

(b) Other  than  previously  disclosed  to  SLM’s  General  Counsel,  Deputy  General 
Counsel, or SLM’s Board of Directors, I hereby represent and warrant that I have not reported any 
illegal  or  potentially  illegal  conduct  or  activities  to  any  supervisor,  manager,  department  head, 
human resources representative, director, officer, agent or any other representative of SLM, any 
member of the legal or compliance departments, or to the Code of Business Conduct hotline and 
have no knowledge of any such illegal or potentially illegal conduct or activities.  I have disclosed 
to SLM any information I have concerning any conduct involving SLM that I have reason to believe 
may be unlawful or that involves any false claims to the United States.  I promise to cooperate fully 
in any investigation SLM undertakes into matters occurring during my employment with SLM.  I 
understand that nothing in this Agreement and Release prevents me from cooperating with any U.S. 
government investigation.  In addition, to the fullest extent permitted by law, I hereby irrevocably 
assign to the U.S. government any right I might have to any proceeds or awards in connection with 
any false claims proceedings against SLM. 

(c) If I breach any provisions of this Agreement and Release, I agree that I will pay 
for all costs incurred by any Released Parties, or any entities or individuals covered by this Agreement 
and Release, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, in defending against my claim and seeking to 
uphold my release. 

(d) I agree to keep the terms of this Agreement and Release completely confidential 
except as may be required or permitted by statute, regulation or court order.  Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, I may disclose such information as permitted under Section 3 or Section 6 or to my 
immediate family and professional representatives, so long as they are informed and agree to be 
bound by this confidentiality clause.  This Agreement and Release shall not be offered or received 
in evidence in any action or proceeding in any court, arbitration, administrative agency or other 
tribunal  for  any  purpose  whatsoever  other  than  to  carry  out  or  enforce  the  provisions  of  this 
Agreement and Release. 

(e) I further agree not to disparage SLM, its business practices, products and services, 

or any other entity or person covered by this Agreement and Release. 

(f) I  understand  that  SLM  in  the  future  may  change  employee  benefits  or  pay.  I 

understand that my job may be refilled. 

(g) I  have  not  suffered  any  job-related  wrongs  or  injuries,  such  as  any  type  of 
discrimination, for which I might still be entitled to compensation or relief in the future.  I have 
properly reported all hours that I have worked and I have been paid all wages, overtime, commissions, 
compensation, benefits, and other amounts that SLM or any Released Party should have paid me 
in the past, other than with respect to any benefit plan terminations or distributions authorized as 
of the date of this Agreement and Release.

(h) I intentionally am releasing claims that I do not know I might have and that, with 
hindsight, I might regret having released. I have not assigned or given away any of the claims that 
I am releasing. 

(i) If I initially did not think any representation I am making in this Agreement and 
Release was true, or if I initially was uncomfortable making it, I resolved all my concerns before 
signing this Agreement and Release.  I have carefully read this Agreement and Release, I fully 
understand what it means, I am entering into it knowingly and voluntarily, and all my representations 
in it are true. SLM would not have signed this Agreement and Release but for my promises and 
representations. 

(5) Arbitration of Disputes:  Except with respect to the proviso in Section (2) concerning 
securities litigation, SLM and I agree to resolve any disputes we may have with each other through 
final and binding arbitration.  For example, I am agreeing to arbitrate any dispute about the validity 
of this Agreement and Release or any discrimination claim, which means that an Arbitrator and not 
a court of law will decide issues of arbitrability and of liability with respect to any claim I may 
bring;  provided,  however,  that  either  party  may  pursue  a  temporary  restraining  order  and/or 
preliminary injunctive relief, with expedited discovery where necessary, in a court of competent 
jurisdiction to protect common law or contractual trade secret or confidential information rights 
and to enforce the post-employment restrictions in Section (6).  I also agree to resolve through final 
and binding arbitration any disputes I have with SLM, its affiliates, or any current or former officers, 
employees or directors who elects to arbitrate those disputes under this Subsection.  Arbitrations 
shall  be  conducted  by  JAMS  (also  known  as  Judicial  Arbitration  &  Mediation  Services)  in 
accordance with its employment dispute resolution rules.  This Agreement to arbitrate does not 
apply to government agency proceedings, but does apply to any lawsuit I might bring, including 
but  not  limited  to  any  lawsuit  related  to  a  government  agency  proceeding.  By  agreeing  to  this 
Agreement and Release, I understand that I am waiving my right to a jury trial. 

(6) Confidentiality,  Intellectual  Property,  Non-Competition,  and  Non-Solicitation:  
Except as required or permitted by statute, regulation or court order, or pursuant to written consent 
given by SLM’s General Counsel, I agree not to disclose to anyone else any of the information or 
materials which are proprietary or trade secrets of SLM or are otherwise confidential.  In addition, 
in consideration of the Plan Benefits, I hereby acknowledge that I previously signed an Agreement 
Regarding  Confidentiality,  Intellectual  Property,  and  Non-Solicitation  and  that  I  continue  to  be 
bound by the terms of that Agreement except as modified in this Section (6). Notwithstanding the 
foregoing, in consideration of the Plan Benefits, I agree as follows: I shall not, directly or indirectly, 
compete  with  SLM  or  its  subsidiaries  or  affiliates  for  a  period  of  [INSERT  NUMBER  OF 
MONTHS OF BASE PAY SEVERANCE IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months 
after the date of termination of my employment for whatever reason (“Restricted Period”).  For the 
purposes of this Section (6), “compete” means owning, managing, operating, financing, working, 
consulting,  advising,  representing,  or  providing  the  same  or  similar  services  with  or  without 
compensation  in  any  capacity  as  those  I  provided  to  SLM  within  the  last  two  (2)  years  of  my 
employment engaged in the same business conducted by SLM at the time of my termination.  

In further consideration of the Plan Benefits described above in this Agreement and 
Release,  I  agree  that  for  [INSERT  NUMBER  OF  MONTHS  OF  BASE  PAY  SEVERANCE 
IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months after my date of termination of my employment 

for whatever reason (collectively, the “Non-Solicitation Employee Period”) that I shall not solicit 
or encourage any employee with whom I communicated within the last year of my employment to 
leave the employ of SLM, or hire any such employees.  Further, for a period of [INSERT NUMBER 
OF MONTHS OF BASE PAY SEVERANCE IDENTIFIED IN PLAN SECTION 3.02] months 
following the termination of my employment with the SLM, I shall not, directly or indirectly, contact 
or accept business that SLM could otherwise perform from any of SLM’s customers or prospective 
customers with whom I communicated within the last two (2) years of my employment.

I expressly agree that the markets served by SLM extend nationally are not dependent 
on the geographic location of the personnel or the businesses by which they are employed and that 
the restrictions set forth in this Section (6) have been designed to be reasonable and are no greater 
than are required for the protection of SLM and do not prevent me from earning a livelihood by 
working in positions that do not compete with SLM.  In the event that a court shall determine that 
any provision of the Agreement and Release is unenforceable, the Parties shall request that the court 
construe this Agreement and Release in such a fashion as to render it enforceable and to revise time, 
geographic and functional limits to those minimum limits that the court believes are reasonable to 
protect the interests of SLM.  I acknowledge and agree that this covenant has unique, substantial 
and immeasurable value to SLM, that I have sufficient skills to provide a livelihood for me while 
this covenant remains in force, and that this covenant will not interfere with my ability to work 
consistent with my experience, training, and education.  To enable SLM to monitor compliance 
with the obligations imposed by this Agreement and Release, I further agree to inform in writing 
Sallie Mae’s Senior Vice President, Human Resources of the identity of my subsequent employer
(s) and my prospective job title and responsibilities prior to beginning employment.  I agree that 
this notice requirement shall remain in effect for twelve (12) months following the termination of 
my employment. 

In the event that the Board of Directors of SLM or its successor reasonably determines 
that I have violated any of the post-employment restrictions of the Agreement and Release or if a 
court  at  my  request  determines  that  all  or  a  substantial  part  of  such  restrictions  are  held  to  be 
unenforceable, I will return to SLM fifty percent (50%) (less withholdings previously withheld by 
law) of the cash Plan Benefits.  The illegality, unenforceability, or ineffectiveness of any provision 
of this Section (6) shall not affect the legality, enforceability, or effectiveness of any other provision 
of this Agreement and Release.  Notwithstanding the confidentiality provisions identified in Section 
4(d) of this Agreement and Release, I may disclose my SLM restrictive covenants to perspective 
employers and agree that SLM may provide a copy of this Agreement and Release to my prospective 
or future employers. 

(7) Review Period:  I hereby acknowledge (a) that I initially received a copy of the original 
draft of this Agreement and Release on or before [Date]; (b) that I was offered a period of forty-
five (45) calendar days to review and consider it; (c) that I understand I could use as much of the 
forty-five (45) calendar day period as I wish prior to signing; and (d) that I was strongly encouraged 
to consult with an attorney in writing before signing this Agreement and Release, and understood 

whether or not to do so was my decision.  I waive any rights to further time to consider the Agreement 
and Release. 

(8) Revocation  of  Claims:    I  understand  that  I  may  revoke  the  waiver  of  the  Age 
Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) claims made in this Agreement and Release within 
seven (7) days of my signing.  My waiver and release of claims under ADEA shall not be effective 
or enforceable and I will not receive seventy percent (70%) of the cash Plan Benefits described in 
Section (1) above. Revocation of claims can be made by delivering a written notice of revocation 
to Senior Vice President, Administration, Sallie Mae, Inc., 300 Continental Drive, Newark, DE 
19713.  

(9) I acknowledge that I have read and understand all of the provisions of this Agreement 
and Release.  This Agreement and Release represents the entire agreement between the Parties 
concerning the subject matter hereof and shall not be altered, amended, modified, or otherwise 
changed except by a writing executed by both Parties.  I understand and agree that this Agreement 
and Release, if not timely revoked pursuant to Section (8), is final and binding when executed by 
me. I sign this document freely, knowingly and voluntarily.  I acknowledge that I have not relied 
upon any representation or statement, written or oral, not set forth in this Agreement and Release.  
If any provision of this Agreement and Release is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or by 
an arbitrator to be unenforceable or contrary to law, the remainder of that provision and the remaining 
provisions of this Agreement and Release will remain in full force and effect to the maximum extent 
permitted by applicable law.  If this Agreement and Release is held to be unenforceable or contrary 
to law, I agree to repay the Plan Benefit I received.  This Agreement and Release is governed by 
federal laws and the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. 

(10) In  addition,  in  consideration  of  the  Plan  Benefits  and  other  consideration  described 
above,  I  further  agree  to  cooperate  with  SLM,  its  affiliates,  and  its  legal  counsel  in  any  legal 
proceedings currently pending or brought in the future against SLM, including, but not limited to:  
(1) participation as a witness; (2) drafting, producing, and reviewing documents; (3) assisting with 
interviews, depositions, discovery, hearings, and trial; and (4) contacting SLM.  In the event I am 
requested, with reasonable notice, to travel as part of this litigation cooperation, SLM agrees to pay 
my reasonable out of pocket expenses. 

Before you sign this Agreement and Release, please take it home, read through each Section 
and carefully consider it.  SLM recommends that you discuss it with your personal attorney 
(any personal attorney fees are not covered under the terms of this Agreement.  You have up 
to  forty-five  (45)  calendar  days  to  consider  this Agreement  and  Release.    By  signing  this 
Agreement and Release, you will be waiving any claims whether known or unknown. 

_______________________________________ 
Name   

__________________________________
Date

_______________________________________ 
Name   
Senior Vice President, 
Chief Human Resources Officer
SLM Corporation

__________________________________
Date

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.9

SALLIE MAE SUPPLEMENTAL 401(K) SAVINGS PLAN

Amended and Restated as of June 25, 2015

1. 

PURPOSE

The  Sallie  Mae  Supplemental  401(k)  Savings  Plan  (the  “Supplemental  Savings  Plan”) 
provides  retirement  benefits  to  certain  officers  and  key  employees  of  the  Corporation  (defined 
below) who are eligible to participate in a tax-qualified 401(k) savings plan sponsored by SLM 
Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (a “Qualified 401(k) Plan”).  The Supplemental Savings Plan 
is maintained for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management 
or highly compensated employees within the meaning of Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) 
of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.  The Supplemental 
Savings Plan will remain at all times an unfunded plan.

With respect to amounts deferred hereunder that are subject to Section 409A of the Code, 
as  amended,  and  any  regulations  and  other  official  guidance,  applicable  provisions  of  the 
Supplemental Savings Plan document shall be interpreted to permit the deferral of compensation 
in  accordance  with  Code  Section 409A,  and  any  provision  that  would  conflict  with  such 
requirements shall not be valid or enforceable.

2. 

DEFINITIONS

2.1. 

“Corporation” means SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries or any other person, firm 
or corporation that may succeed to the business of SLM Corporation by merger, consolidation or 
otherwise, and which, by appropriate action, adopts the Supplemental Savings Plan.

2.2. 

“Eligible Pay” means an Eligible Employee’s (as defined in Section 4.1) base salary 
earned (and not deferred under a non-qualified deferred compensation program) during a calendar 
year in excess of the limit set forth in section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), 
currently  $255,000,  except  that  beginning  with  the  first  payroll  period  in  which  an  Eligible 
Employee’s contributions to a Qualified 401(k) Plan are limited by Section 401(a)(17) of the Code.  
Eligible Pay means base salary, certain bonus and commissions earned (and not deferred under a 
non qualified deferred compensation program) and certain other compensation as determined by the 
Administrator during a calendar year in excess of the limit set forth in Section 401(a)(17) of the 
Code, up to $500,000 over the limit set forth in section 401(a)(17) of the Code.

2.3. 

“Employee”  means  any  employee  of  the  Corporation  or  a  subsidiary  of  the 
Corporation who participates in a Qualified 401(k) Plan in which he or she is eligible to participate.

1

 
2.4. 

“Participant” means an employee who has a Supplemental Savings Plan Account, 

as defined in Section 4.2.

2.5. 

“Termination of Employment’’ or “Terminates Employment” means a Participant’s 
termination of employment with the Corporation or other separation from service as described in 
Code Section 409A and the regulations thereunder.

3. 

EFFECTIVE DATE

This Plan is established effective May 1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”), and was amended 
June 25, 2015. The Plan represents the assumption and continuation of a portion of the Sallie Mae 
Supplemental  401(k)  Savings  Plan  (the  “Predecessor  Plan”),  sponsored  by  SLM  Corporation 
(“SLM”).  

The  original  effective  date  of  the  Supplemental  Savings  Plan,  originally  named  the 
Supplemental SLMA Employees’ Thrift & Savings Plan, was January 1, 1983. The Supplemental 
Savings Plan was renamed the Supplemental 401(k) Savings Plan and amended February 28, 1999, 
and again July 1, 2004.

4. 

ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION

4.1. 

Employees who are participants in a Qualified 401(k) Plan and whose contributions, 
or contributions on their behalf, to such Qualified 401(k) Plan are limited as a result of the limitations 
imposed by Code Section 401(a)(17) and further, who are designated by the CEO or senior human 
resources officer of the Corporation, will be eligible to participate in the Supplemental Savings Plan 
(“Eligible Employees”).

4.2. 

Eligible Employees will be so advised and an account will be established in their 

names on the books of the Corporation (a “Supplemental Savings Plan Account”).

5. 

PLAN BENEFITS

Benefits  provided  under  this  Supplemental  Savings  Plan  are  hypothetical  bookkeeping 
entries or credits allocated to an Eligible Employee’s Supplemental Savings Plan Account.  Three 
types of credits may be allocated to a Supplemental Savings Plan Account: a Deferred Pay Credit, 
an Employer Matching Contribution Credit, and an Investment Credit.  The amount and source of 
each type of credit is described below.  Each of the types of credits will be allocated to a Supplemental 
Savings Plan Account beginning no sooner than with the payroll period during or after the payroll 
period in which the Eligible Employee’s Eligible Pay exceeds the Code Section 401(a)(17) limit.

5.1.  Deferred Pay Credit: If so elected by the Eligible Employee, a Deferred Pay Credit 
will be credited by the Corporation in an amount equal to an Eligible Employee’s Eligible Pay times 
five (5) percent.

5.2. 

Employer Matching Contribution Credit: A Participant shall be eligible to receive 
an Employer Matching Contribution Credit beginning with the first pay period coincident with the 
date the Participant completes a twelve month period of service. 

2

 
 The  Employer  Matching  Contribution  Credit  will  be  credited  by  the  Corporation  in  an 
amount equal to each dollar of a Deferred Pay Credit credited to a Supplemental Savings Plan 
Account.

5.3. 

Investment Credits: At the same times as allowed under the Qualified 401(k) Plan, 
and subject to the same rules, a Participant may request that his Supplemental Savings Plan Account 
be deemed to be credited for these purposes to the core investment funds then offered under the 
Qualified 401(k) Plan in accordance with the Participant’s specific direction.  In such event, the 
Participant’s directions for the “investment” of his Supplemental Savings Plan Account will be 
subject to restrictions similar to those on investment and reinvestment that apply under the Qualified 
401(k) Plan.  The Corporation may refuse to follow a Participant’s “investment” direction on a 
prospective basis or refuse to continue to make the Investment Credits based on the investment 
performance  of  the  Qualified  401(k)  Plan Account.    In  no  event  will  amounts  credited  to  the 
Participant’s Supplemental Savings Plan Account be eligible for loans.  Investment Credits will be 
made  until  the  Supplemental  Savings  Plan Account  is  fully  distributed  to  the  Participant.   A 
Participant’s  Supplemental  Savings  Plan Account  will  initially  be  automatically  deemed  to  be 
credited with Investment Credits based on the performance of the core investment selected by the 
Participant.

Effective as of the Distribution, as defined in the Separation and Distribution Agreement, 
dated as of April 28, 2014, by and among SLM Corporation, New BLC Corporation, a Delaware 
corporation (“SLM BankCo”), and Navient Corporation, each Supplemental Savings Plan Account 
with amounts deemed invested in SLM Corporation common stock will be credited with one share 
of Navient Corporation common stock and one share of SLM BankCo common stock for each share 
of  SLM  Corporation  common  stock  credited  to  such  account.    Following  the  Distribution,  any 
additional deferrals deemed to be invested in Company stock will be deemed invested in SLM 
BankCo common stock, and no additional deferrals will be deemed invested in Navient common 
stock.

6. 

VESTING

A Participant will at all times be fully vested in Deferred Pay Credits and Employer Matching 
Contributions Credits.  A Participant will be vested in Investment Credits at the same time and in 
the same manner that corresponds to his vesting percentage under each of the Credits described in 
this section.

7. 

DISTRIBUTIONS

7.1.  Distribution  of  the vested  amounts  in  a  Participant’s  Supplemental  Savings Plan 
Account  will  be  made  as  follows.    In  the  first  year  in  which  a  Participant  becomes  eligible  to 
participate in the Supplemental Savings Plan, the Participant must make an election with respect 
to the form and timing of payment of his benefit under the Supplemental Savings Plan, provided 
the  election  is  made  within  30  days  after  the  date  the  Participant  becomes  a  Participant  in  the 
Supplemental Savings Plan and in a manner acceptable to the Corporation.  In the case of all other 
Participants, including any new Participant who fails to make an election within the 30-day period 
described above, the Participant shall make an election in a manner acceptable to the Corporation 

3

 
designating the specific time and manner of distribution of his Supplemental Savings Plan Account 
by filing the form with the Corporation by a date established by the Corporation.  In the event a 
Participant fails to make a distribution election, he shall receive his benefit in a single lump sum 
payment  as  soon  as  practicable  following  the  first  day  of  the  seventh  month  following  the 
Participant’s Termination of Employment.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will payment 
be made or commence any earlier than the date of as which a Participant Terminates Employment.  
An  election  to  change  the  time  and  manner  of  payment  of  amounts  credited  to  a  Participant’s 
Supplemental  Savings  Plan  Account  and  earnings  credited  to  such  amounts:  1)  must  delay 
distribution of such amounts for at least 5 years beyond the original distribution date; 2) must be 
made at least 12 months before the original distribution date; and 3) will not be effective until 12 
months after the new election.  In addition, the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, allow a 
Participant  to  make  a  different  election  with  respect  to  the  form  and  timing  of  payment  of  the 
Participant’s benefit under the Supplemental Savings Plan that relates to compensation otherwise 
payable in any calendar year beginning after the date of such election,  which election will be in 
the form and subject to such limitations as the Administrator may describe in its sole discretion.

If a Participant Terminates Employment and is reemployed by the Corporation in the same 
calendar year, and before a distribution of the Participant’s Supplemental Savings Plan Account has 
been made, the Participant’s election as to the time and manner of payment of his Supplemental 
Savings Plan Account in effect on his date of Termination of Employment will be in effect as of the 
date he commences reemployment with the Corporation, and can only be modified as provided 
herein, provided that in no event will payment be made or commence any earlier than the date as 
of which the Participant Terminates Employment with the Corporation.

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  any  distribution  made  to  a  Participant  as  a  result  of  the 
Participant’s Termination of Employment may not be made earlier than the first day of the seventh 
month following the Participant’s date of Termination of Employment.

7.2.  Distributions will be in the form of cash and can be paid in one (1) lump sum payment 

or spread out over a maximum of ten (10) annual installments.

7.3.  Distribution of a Participant’s Supplemental Savings Plan Account balance will not 
be accelerated upon the occurrence of a Change in Control.  For purposes of this Section 7.3, a 
Change in Control means a change in the ownership or effective control of the Corporation or in 
the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Corporation, as determined in accordance 
with the requirements of Code Section 409A.

7.4. 

In  the  event  of  a  substantial,  unforeseen  financial  hardship,  a  Participant,  or  if 
applicable,  a  beneficiary  who  succeeds  to  the  Participant’s  interest  in  the  vested  Supplemental 
Savings Plan Account following the Participant’s death, may submit to the Administrator a request 
for an early distribution.  Such request will be in writing and will advise the Administrator of the 
circumstances of the hardship.  Should the Administrator agree, such an early distribution will be 
made as soon as practicable after the Supplemental Savings Plan Account valuation date immediately 
following the date on which the Administrator agreed to the early distribution.  For these purposes, 
the value of the vested portion of the Participant’s Supplemental Savings Plan Account will be 
determined as of the valuation date specified above.  Any part of the Participant’s Supplemental 
4

 
Savings Plan Account that is vested and that is not distributed under this early distribution provision 
will be distributed in accordance with the general distribution rule in this Plan.

For purposes of this Section 7.4, a substantial unforeseen financial hardship means a severe 
financial hardship to the Participant resulting from an illness or accident of the Participant, the 
Participant’s spouse, the Participant’s beneficiary, or of a Participant’s dependent (as defined in 
Code Section 152, without regard to Code Section 152(b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)); loss of the 
Participant’s property due to casualty (including the need to rebuild a home following damage to a 
home not otherwise covered by insurance, for example, not as a result of a natural disaster); or 
similar  extraordinary  and  unforeseeable  circumstances  arising  as  a  result  of  events  beyond  the 
control of the Participant.  Examples of events that may constitute a substantial unforeseen financial 
hardship include the imminent foreclosure of or eviction from the Participant’s primary residence; 
the need to pay for medical expenses, including non-refundable deductibles, as well as for the costs 
of prescription drug medication; and the need to pay for the funeral expenses of the Participant’s 
spouse, the Participant’s beneficiary, or the Participant’s dependent (as defined in Code Section 
152, without regard to Code Sections 152(b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)).  Whether a Participant is 
faced with a substantial unforeseen financial hardship will be determined based on the relevant facts 
and circumstances of each case, but, in any case, a distribution on account of a substantial unforeseen 
financial  hardship  may  not  be  made  to  the  extent  that  such  emergency  is  or  may  be  relieved: 
(i) through reimbursement or compensation by available insurance or otherwise, (ii) by liquidation 
of the Participant’s assets, to the extent the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause severe 
financial hardship or (iii) by cessation of deferrals under the Plan.

The amount available for distribution of amounts deferred under the Plan on account of a 
substantial unforeseen financial hardship shall be limited to the amount reasonably necessary to 
satisfy the emergency need (which may include amounts necessary to pay any Federal, state, local, 
or foreign income taxes or penalties reasonably anticipated to result from the distribution), and shall 
be determined in accordance with Code Section 409A and the regulations thereunder.  In all events, 
distributions due to a substantial unforeseen financial hardship shall be made solely in accordance 
with the provisions of Code Section 409A and related official guidance.

7.5. 

Payment will be made to the Participant, or in the event of his death, his beneficiary.  
In no event may the Participant or, if applicable, the beneficiary, elect to defer receipt of payment 
under this Supplemental Savings Plan once such payment is due.  Additionally, except as provided 
in Section 7.4 above, no amounts credited to a Supplemental Savings Plan Account will be subject 
to withdrawal while the Participant is employed by the Corporation.  Amounts payable under the 
Supplemental Savings Plan will be reduced by all amounts required to be withheld under appropriate 
State or Federal law.

7.6. 

For purposes of this Supplemental Savings Plan, the Participant’s beneficiary will 
be deemed to be the same person(s) as designated by the Participant under the Qualified 401(k) 
Plan unless the Participant elects otherwise by designating a different person or persons on such 
form and in such manner as the Administrator may specify.

5

 
7.7.  Unless expressly provided, no amounts payable under the Supplemental Savings 
Plan will be deemed to be compensation for purposes of computing benefits payable under any 
other plan of compensation or benefit by the Corporation.

8. 

SOURCE OF PAYMENT

All benefits under the Supplemental Savings Plan will be paid from the general assets of 
the Corporation, and no special or separate fund will be established or other segregation of assets 
made to assure such payments.  Nothing contained in the Supplemental Savings Plan will create a 
trust of any kind.  In the event that any Participant or other person acquires a right to receive payments 
from the Corporation under the Supplemental Savings Plan, such right will be no greater than the 
right of any unsecured general creditor of the Corporation.

9. 

PLAN ADMINISTRATION

The Supplemental Savings Plan will be administered by the SLM Corporation Retirement 
Committee (the “Administrator’’) or such other committee whose members may be appointed by 
and serving at the pleasure of the management-level Enterprise Risk Committee of the Corporation.  
The Administrator will have full power, discretion and authority to interpret, construe and administer 
the Supplemental Savings Plan and any part thereof, and the Administrator’s interpretation and 
construction hereof, and actions thereunder, will be binding on all persons for all purposes.  The 
Administrator may employ legal counsel, consultants, actuaries and agents as it may deem desirable 
in the administration of the Supplemental Savings Plan and may rely on the opinion of such counsel 
or the computations of such consultants.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the Administrator 
will not incur any liability whatsoever on account of any matter connected with or related to the 
Supplemental  Savings  Plan  or  the  administration  of  the  Supplemental  Savings  Plan,  unless  the 
Administrator  has  acted  in  bad  faith,  or  has  willfully  neglected  his  duties,  in  respect  of  the 
Supplemental Savings Plan.

10. 

INTERESTS NOT TRANSFERABLE

The  interest  of  any  Participant,  the  Participant’s  spouse  or  the  Participant’s  beneficiary  or 
beneficiaries under the Supplemental Savings Plan is not subject to the claims of creditors and may 
not be voluntarily or involuntarily sold, transferred, assigned, alienated or encumbered.

11. 

AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

The Supplemental Savings Plan may at any time be amended, suspended or terminated, in 
whole or in part, by the Corporation.  No such action will adversely affect the contractual promise 
of the Corporation to pay to a Participant amounts credited under the Supplemental Savings Plan 
as of the date of such action, as determined by the Administrator.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, 
the Supplemental Savings Plan may at any time be amended in such a way as is necessary to ensure 
that the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code are satisfied so that the qualified status of the 
Qualified 401(k) Plan is preserved.  Further, in no event shall any amendment, modification or 
termination be made in a manner that is inconsistent with the requirements under Code Section 409A.

6

 
12. 

LIMITATION OF RESPONSIBILITY

12.1.  Neither  the  establishment  of  the  Supplemental  Savings  Plan,  any  modifications 
thereof, nor the payment of any amounts under the Supplemental Savings Plan will be construed 
as giving to any employee or other person any legal or equitable right against the Corporation, the 
Board of Directors of the Corporation, the Administrator, or any officer or employee thereof, except 
as herein provided.

12.2.  Nothing in the Supplemental Savings Plan will confer upon any employee of the 
Corporation any right to continued employment, or interfere with the right of the Corporation to 
terminate his or her employment at any time, for any reason.

13. 

CLAIMS FOR BENEFITS UNDER THIS PLAN

13.1. 

In general, distributions under the Supplemental Savings Plan are automatic and no 
claim for benefits need be filed.  However, a Participant may submit a claim for benefits under this 
Supplemental Savings Plan in writing to the Administrator.  If such claim for benefits is wholly or 
partially denied, the Administrator will, within a reasonable period of time, but no later than 90 
days after receipt of the written claim, notify the Participant of the denial of the claim.  Such notice 
of denial: (1) will be in writing, (2) will be written in a manner calculated to be understood by the 
Participant, and  (3) will contain (a) the specific  reason or  reasons  for denial  of  the claim; (b) a 
specific reference to the pertinent Supplemental Savings Plan provisions upon which the denial is 
based; (c) a description of any additional material or information necessary for the Participant to 
perfect  the  claim;  and  (d) an  explanation  of  the  Supplemental  Savings  Plan’s  claims  review 
procedure.  This 90-day period may be extended if circumstances require additional time, but in no 
event will the extension period be more than 90 days.  The Participant will be notified of the extension 
before the end of the initial 90-day period.

13.2.  Within 60 days of the Participant’s receipt of the written notice of denial of the claim, 
or such later time as will be deemed reasonable under the circumstances, or if the claim has not 
been granted within a reasonable period of time, the Participant may file a written request with the 
Administrator asking that it conduct a full and fair review of the denial of the Participant’s claim 
for benefits.  Such review may include the holding of a hearing if deemed necessary by the reviewing 
party.  In connection with the Participant’s appeal of the denial of his benefit, the Participant may 
review pertinent documents and may submit issues and comments in writing.

13.3.  The Administrator will deliver to the Participant a  written decision on the claim 
promptly, but not later than 60 days after the receipt of the Participants request for review, except 
that if there are special circumstances (such as the need to hold a hearing) which require an extension 
of time for processing, the 60-day period will be extended to 120 days.  Such decision will: (1) be 
written in a manner calculated to be understood by the Participant, (2) include specific reasons for 
the decision, and (3) contain specific references to the pertinent Plan provisions upon which the 
decision is based.

7

 
14.  MISCELLANEOUS

14.1.  Facility of Payment.  If it will be found that (a) a person entitled to receive any 
payment under the Plan is physically or mentally incompetent to receive such payment and to give 
a valid release therefore, and (b) another person or an institution is then maintaining or has custody 
of such person, and no guardian, administrator, or other representative of the estate of such person 
has been duly appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction, the payment may be made to such 
other person or institution referred to in (b) above, and the release of such other person or institution 
will be a valid and complete discharge for the payment.

14.2.  Notice of Address.  Each person entitled to benefits under the Plan must file with 
the Administrator,  in  writing,  his  mailing  address  and  each  change  of  mailing  address.   Any 
communication,  statement,  or  notice  addressed  to  such  person  at  such  address  will  be  deemed 
sufficient for all purposes of the Plan, and there will be no obligation on the part of the Corporation 
or the Administrator to search for or to ascertain the location of such person.

14.3.  Data.    Each  person  entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Plan  must  furnish  to  the 
Administrator  such  documents,  evidence,  or  other  information  as  the Administrator  considers 
necessary  or  desirable  for  the  purposes  of  administering  the  Plan  or  to  protect  the  Plan.    The 
Administrator  will  be  entitled  to  rely  on  representations  made  by  Participants,  spouses  and 
beneficiaries  with  respect  to  age,  marital  status  and  other  personal  facts,  unless  it  knows  said 
representations are false.

14.4.  Tax Determinations.  Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary herein, in 
the event of a determination, as defined in section 1313(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, that any 
Participant is subject to Federal income taxation on amounts deferred under this Plan, the amounts 
that are includable in the Participant’s federal gross income will be distributed to such Participant 
upon the receipt by the Corporation of notice of such determination.  Subject to the requirements 
of  Code  Section 409A  and  any  guidance  issued  thereunder,  the  Corporation  may  make  such 
provisions and take such action as it may deem necessary or appropriate for the withholding of any 
taxes which the Corporation is required by any law or regulation of any governmental authority, 
whether Federal, state or local, to withhold in connection with any benefits under the Supplemental 
Savings Plan, including, but not limited to, the withholding of appropriate sums from any amount 
otherwise  payable  to  the  Participant  (or  his  beneficiary).    Each  Participant,  however,  shall  be 
responsible for the payment of all individual tax liabilities relating to any such benefits.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, SLM Corporation has caused this Plan to be duly executed in 

its name and on its behalf.

SLM Corporation

By:____________________________________

8

 
Exhibit 10.10

SLM Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Key Employees 
(As Established Effective May 1, 2014 and Amended June 25, 2015)

Article 1.  PURPOSE

Section 1.1.  SLM Corporation offers the SLM Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan 
for Key Employees (the “Plan”) to certain key employees for the purpose of planning for 
retirement and other personal expenses on a tax-favored basis.  The Plan is effective May 
1, 2014 (the “Effective Date”).  Section 2.1 of the Plan was amended June 25, 2015.

The  Plan  represents  the  assumption  and  continuation  of  a  portion  of  the  former  SLM 
Corporation  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Key  Employees  (the  “Predecessor  Plan”) 
pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2014, by and 
among  SLM  Corporation,  New  BLC  Corporation  (“SLM  BankCo”),  and  Navient 
Corporation.  The Predecessor Plan, originally known as the SLM Holding Corporation and 
USA Education, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Key Employees, first became effective 
January 1, 1998, and was thereafter amended and renamed.  The liabilities for Predecessor 
Plan participants set forth on Appendix A have been transferred to the Plan as of the Effective 
Date.

With  respect  to  amounts  deferred  hereunder  that  are  subject  to  Code  Section  409A,  as 
amended,  and  any  regulations  and  other  official  guidance  issued  thereunder  (generally, 
amounts  deferred  on  and  after  January  1,  2005  and  the  earnings  thereon),  applicable 
provisions of the Plan document shall be interpreted to permit the deferral of compensation 
in accordance with Code Section 409A, and any provision that would conflict with such 
requirements shall not be valid or enforceable.  In addition, with respect to amounts deferred 
under the Predecessor Plan and transferred to this Plan that are not subject to Code Section 
409A (“Grandfathered Funds”), it is intended that the terms of the Predecessor Plan in effect 
on October 3, 2004, and not Code Section 409A and related official guidance, shall apply 
with respect to such Grandfathered Funds.

ARTICLE 2.  DEFINITIONS

Section 2.1.  The following words and phrases shall have the following meanings unless 
a different meaning is plainly required by the context:

Affiliate.  “Affiliate” means any firm, partnership, or corporation that directly or indirectly, 
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control 
with  the  Company,  provided  such  Affiliate  is  designated  as  such  by  the  Committee.  
“Affiliate” also includes any other organization similarly related to the Company that is 
designated as such by the Committee.

1

 
Beneficiary.  “Beneficiary” means the person or persons designated as such in accordance 
with Section 13.3.

Board.  “Board” means the Board of Directors of SLM Corporation.

Bonus.  “Bonus” means any cash performance-based compensation earned pursuant to the 
SLM Corporation Management Incentive Plan, any successor plan to the SLM Corporation 
Management Incentive Plan, and any other performance-based compensation designated by 
the Committee as eligible to be deferred pursuant hereto.

Bonus Deferral.  “Bonus Deferral” means that portion of Bonus which a Participant has 
made an election to defer receipt of pursuant to the terms of this Plan.

Code.  “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

Committee.  “Committee” means the SLM Corporation Retirement Committee, or such 
other committee whose members may be appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the 
management-level Enterprise Risk Committee of the Company.

Company.  “Company” means SLM Corporation and any Affiliate, unless the Affiliate has 
made an affirmative election not to adopt the Plan.  A Company may revoke its participation 
in  the  Plan  at  any  time,  but  until  such  revocation,  all  the  provisions  of  the  Plan  and 
amendments thereto shall apply to the Eligible Employees of the Company.  In the event a 
Company revokes its participation in the Plan, the Plan shall be deemed terminated only 
with respect to such Company.

Disabled.  “Disabled” has the meaning giving in Code Section 409A and the guidance issued 
thereunder.

Distribution  Date.  “Distribution  Date”  has  the  meaning  set  forth  in  the  Separation 
Agreement.

Distribution  Option.    “Distribution  Option”  means  one  of  the  two  distribution  options 
which are available under the Plan, consisting of the Retirement Distribution Option and 
the In-Service Distribution Option, both described in Section 7.

Distribution Option Account.  “Distribution Option Account” or “Account” means the 
account or accounts established on behalf of a Participant, on the books of the Company, 
pursuant to Section 5.1, which shall be comprised of a Retirement Distribution Account and/
or one or more In-Service Distribution Accounts.

Distribution Option Period.  “Distribution Option Period” means, with respect to the In-
Service  Distribution  Account  only,  a  period  of  five  Plan  Years  for  which  an  Eligible 
Employee elects, in the Enrollment Agreement for the first such Plan Year, the time and 
manner of payment of amounts credited to the Eligible Employee’s In-Service Distribution 
Option Account for all Plan Years in the Distribution Option Period.

2

 
Earnings Crediting Options.  “Earnings Crediting Options” means the deemed investment 
options selected by the Participant from time to time pursuant to which deemed earnings 
are credited to the Participant’s Distribution Option Account.

Eligible Employee.  “Eligible Employee” means an Employee who is a member of the 
group of selected management and/or highly compensated Employees of the Company and 
who is designated by the Committee as eligible to participate in the Plan.

Employee.  “Employee” means any individual employed by the Company, in accordance 
with the personnel policies and practices of the Company, including citizens of the United 
States employed outside of their home country and resident aliens employed in the United 
States; provided, however, that to qualify as an “Employee” for purposes of the Plan, the 
individual must be a member of a group of “key management or other highly compensated 
employees” within the meaning of Sections 201, 301, and 401 of the Employee Retirement 
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

End  Termination  Date.    “End  Termination  Date”  means  the  date  of  termination  of  a 
Participant’s Service with the Company and its Affiliates and shall be determined without 
reference to any compensation  continuation  arrangement  or  severance  benefit  arrangement  
that  may  be applicable.

Enrollment Agreement. “Enrollment Agreement” means the authorization, in form and 
substance,  satisfactory  to  the  Committee,  which  an  Eligible  Employee  files  in  order  to 
participate in the Plan.

Grandfathered  Funds.    “Grandfathered  Funds”  means  amounts  deferred  under  the 
Predecessor Plan before January 1, 2005 (and the earnings credited thereon before, on or 
after  January 1,  2005)  for  which  (i) the  Participant  had  a  legally  binding  right  as  of 
December 31, 2004, to be paid the amount, and (ii) such right to the amount was earned and 
vested  as  of  December 31,  2004,  and  was  credited  to  the  Participant’s Account  balance 
hereunder.

In-Service Distribution Account. “In-Service Distribution Account” means the account 
maintained on behalf of a Participant for each Distribution Option Period to which Salary 
and/or Bonus Deferrals are credited, pursuant to the In-Service Distribution Option.

In-Service Distribution Option. “In-Service Distribution Option” means the Distribution 
Option, pursuant to which benefits are payable in accordance with Section 7.2.

Participant.    “Participant”  means  an  Eligible  Employee  who  has  filed  a  complete 
Enrollment Agreement with the Committee or its designee, in accordance with the provisions 
of Section 4, and who is making Salary and/or Bonus Deferrals into the Plan.  In the event 
that the Participant becomes incompetent, the term shall mean his personal representative 
or guardian, who shall have the rights of a Participant, except the right to change the form 
and timing of the commencement of benefits elected by the Participant on the Enrollment 
Agreement.  In the event of the death of a Participant, the term shall mean his Beneficiary, 

3

 
who shall have the rights of a Participant, except the right to change the form and timing of 
the commencement of benefits elected by the Participant on the Enrollment Agreement.  An 
individual shall remain a Participant until that individual has received full distribution of 
any amount credited to the Participant’s Account.

Plan.  “Plan” means this plan, called the SLM Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan 
for Key Employees, as established effective May 1, 2014, and as thereafter amended from 
time to time.

Plan Year.  “Plan Year” means the 12-month period beginning on each January 1 and ending 
on the following December 31.

Post-Distribution Navient Share Price. “Post-Distribution Navient Share Price” means 
the volume-weighted average of the “when issued” trading price on NASDAQ of a share 
of common stock of Navient Corporation on the five trading days ending on the Distribution 
Date.

Post-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price.  “Post-Distribution SLM BankCo Share 
Price” means the volume-weighted average of the “ex-dividend” trading price on NASDAQ 
of  a  share  of  common  stock  of  SLM  BankCo  on  the  five  trading  days  ending  on  the 
Distribution Date.

Pre-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price.  “Pre-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price” 
means the sum of the Post-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price and the Post-Distribution 
Navient Share Price.

Retirement Distribution Account.  “Retirement Distribution Account” means the account 
maintained  on  behalf  of  a  Participant  to  which  Salary  and/or  Bonus  Deferrals  and 
Supplemental Company Contributions are credited, pursuant to the Retirement Distribution 
Option.

Retirement Distribution Option.  “Retirement Distribution Option” means the Distribution 
Option, pursuant to which benefits are payable in accordance with Section 7.1.

Salary.  “Salary” means the total amount of cash remuneration paid by the Company to an 
Eligible Employee for any calendar year of employment as base salary and/or severance 
payments, including the Participant’s contributions of Salary under this Plan, any elective 
deferrals, as defined in section 402(g) of the Code, and any compensation contributed on 
behalf of an Eligible Employee to any cafeteria plan, as defined in section 125 of the Code, 
maintained by the Company or an Affiliate, but not taking into account any fringe benefits, 
moving and relocation expenses and other forms of welfare benefits.

Salary Deferral.  “Salary Deferral” means that portion of Salary as to which a Participant 
has made an annual election to defer receipt of, pursuant to the terms of this Plan.

Sallie Mae.  “Sallie Mae” means SLM Corporation.  

4

 
Separation  Agreement.    “Separation  Agreement”  means  Separation  and  Distribution 
Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2014, by and among SLM Corporation, SLM BankCo, 
and Navient Corporation.

Service.  “Service” means the period of time during which an employment relationship 
exists  between  an  Employee  and  the  Company,  including  any  period  during  which  the 
Employee  is  on  an  approved  leave  of  absence,  whether  paid  or  unpaid.    “Service”  also 
includes  employment  with  an  Affiliate  if  an  Employee  transfers  directly  between  the 
Company and the Affiliate.

Specified Employee.  “Specified Employee” means a person identified in accordance with 
procedures adopted by the Committee that reflect the requirements of Code Section 409A
(a)(2)(B)(i) and applicable guidance thereunder.

Supplemental Company Contributions.  “Supplemental Company Contributions” means 
those  contributions  made  by  the  Company  and  credited  to  the  Retirement  Distribution 
Account of certain Participants, pursuant to Section 4.4.

Termination  of  Employment. 
  “Termination  of  Employment”  or  “Terminates 
Employment” means a termination of employment or other separation from Service from 
the Company as described in Code Section 409A and the regulations thereunder.

Valuation Date.  “Valuation Date” means the last day of any Plan Year and any other date 
selected by the Committee.

ARTICLE 3.  ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN AND DISCRETION

Section 3.1.  The Committee shall have full power and authority to interpret the Plan, to 
prescribe,  amend  and  rescind  any  rules,  forms  and  procedures  as  it  deems  necessary  or 
appropriate for the proper administration of the Plan, and to make any other determinations 
and to take any other actions as it deems necessary or advisable in carrying out its duties 
under the Plan.  All action taken by the Committee arising out of, or in connection with, the 
administration of the Plan or any rules adopted thereunder, shall, in each case lie within its 
sole discretion, and shall be final, conclusive and binding upon any Company, the Board, 
all Employees, all Beneficiaries of Employees and all persons and entities having an interest 
therein.  Notwithstanding any provision in this Plan to the contrary, the Committee shall 
have no authority to take any action or make any decision which impacts solely on the Plan 
benefits of the members of the Committee.  In addition, no member of the Committee shall 
have authority to take action or make any decision which impacts solely on the Plan benefits 
of the member of the Committee.

Section 3.2.  Members  of  the  Committee  shall  serve  without  compensation  for  their 
services unless otherwise determined by the Board.  All expenses of administering the Plan 
shall be paid by the Company.

5

 
Section 3.3.  Sallie Mae shall indemnify and hold harmless each member of the Committee 
from any and all claims, losses, damages, expenses (including counsel fees) and liability 
(including any amounts paid in settlement of any claim or any other matter with the consent 
of the Board) arising from any act or omission of such member, except when the same is 
due to gross negligence or willful misconduct.  Except as otherwise provided by law, no 
person who is a member of the Committee or who is an employee, officer and/or director 
of the Company, will incur any liability whatsoever on account of any matter connected 
with or related to the Plan or the administration of the Plan, unless such person has acted in 
bad faith, or has willfully neglected his duties, in respect of the Plan.

Section 3.4.  Any decisions, actions or interpretations to be made under the Plan by the 
Committee shall be made in its respective sole discretion, not as a fiduciary, and need not 
be  uniformly  applied  to  similarly  situated  individuals  and  shall  be  final,  binding  and 
conclusive on all persons interested in the Plan.

ARTICLE 4.  PARTICIPATION

Section 4.1.  Election to Participate: Salary Deferrals.  Annually, all Eligible Employees 
will be offered the opportunity to defer Salary to be earned in the following Plan Year.  Any 
Eligible Employee may enroll in the Plan, effective as of the first day of a Plan Year, by 
filing a complete and fully executed Enrollment Agreement with the Company’s Human 
Resources Department or a Plan administrator selected by the Company by a date established 
by the Committee, but in no event later than the last day of the preceding Plan Year.  Pursuant 
to said Enrollment Agreement, the Eligible Employee shall elect (a) the percentage of Salary 
to be deferred (pursuant to payroll reduction, and after required payroll taxes have been 
deducted), such percentage to be stated as a whole number, and (b) the Distribution Option 
applicable to such Salary Deferrals.  A Participant shall allocate his or her Salary Deferrals 
between the Distribution Options in increments of ten percent; provided, however, that 100 
percent of such deferrals may be allocated to one or the other of the Distribution Options.

The Committee may establish minimum or maximum amounts that may be deferred 
under this Section and may change such standards from time to time.  Any such limits shall 
be communicated by the Company to the Eligible Employees prior to the commencement 
of a Plan Year.

Once a Participant files an Enrollment Agreement with respect to Salary to be earned 
in the subsequent Plan Year, he may not change the percentage of Salary to be deferred or 
the allocation of such deferrals between the Distribution Options.  

For the avoidance of doubt, Enrollment Agreements filed by Participants pursuant 
to the Predecessor Plan with respect to Salary for the 2014 Plan Year will be continued and 
implemented under this Plan.

Section 4.2.  Election to Participate: Bonus Deferrals.  Annually, all Eligible Employees 
will be offered the opportunity to defer Bonus earned in such Plan Year and payable in the 
following  Plan Year.  Except  as  provided  below  with  respect  to  Bonuses  that  qualify  as 

6

 
performance-based compensation under Code Section 409A, by December 31 of each year 
or such other earlier date as the Committee may determine, each Participant may authorize, 
by filing an Enrollment Agreement with the Company, to defer all or a portion of his Bonus 
that  would  otherwise  be  payable  for  services  performed  in  the  twelve-month  period 
beginning on the January 1 immediately following such December 31. In the case of any 
Bonus that is designated by the Company as a performance-based Bonus and which qualifies 
as performance-based compensation under Code Section 409A and any guidance issued 
thereunder, a Participant’s deferral election with respect to all or a portion of his or her Bonus 
must  be  made,  in  accordance  with  Treasury  Regulation  §1.409A-2(a)(8),  by  filing  an 
Enrollment Agreement with the Company, no later than the date that is six months before 
the end of the performance period related to such Bonus (which performance period shall 
be not less than 12 months) or such other earlier date designated by the Company. Pursuant 
to said Enrollment Agreement, the Eligible Employee shall elect (a) the percentage of Bonus 
to be deferred (pursuant to payroll reduction, and after required payroll taxes have been 
deducted), such percentage to be stated as a whole number, and (b) the Distribution Option 
applicable to such Bonus Deferrals. A Participant shall allocate his or her Bonus Deferrals 
between the Distribution Options in increments of ten percent; provided, however, that 100 
percent of such deferrals may be allocated to one or the other of the Distribution Options.

The Committee may establish minimum or maximum amounts that may be deferred 
under this Section and may change such standards from time to time.  Any such limits shall 
be communicated by the Company to the Eligible Employees prior to the commencement 
of a Plan Year.

Once a Participant files an Enrollment Agreement with respect to Bonus earned in 
the Plan Year, he may not change the percentage of Bonus to be deferred or the allocation 
of such deferrals between the Distribution Options.  

For the avoidance of doubt, Enrollment Agreements filed by Participants pursuant 
to the Predecessor Plan with respect to Bonus for the 2014 Plan Year will be continued and 
implemented under this Plan.

Section 4.3.  Newly Eligible Employees.  The Committee may, in its discretion, permit 
Employees who first become Eligible Employees after the beginning of a Plan Year to enroll 
in the Plan for that Plan Year by filing a complete and fully executed Enrollment Agreement, 
in  accordance  with  Sections 4.1  and  4.2,  as  soon  as  practicable  following  the  date  the 
Employee becomes an Eligible Employee but, in no event later than 30 days after such date.  
Any election by an Eligible Employee, pursuant to this Section, to defer Salary shall apply 
only to such amounts as are earned by the Eligible Employee after the date on which such 
Enrollment Agreement is filed.  Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, a 
newly Eligible Employee shall not be eligible to elect to defer any Bonus earned in the Plan 
Year in which he first becomes an Eligible Employee, if he becomes an Eligible Employee 
after June 30 of the Plan Year.

Section 4.4.  Supplemental  Company  Contributions.    The  Company  may  make  a 
Supplemental Company Contribution, if necessary, to make up for any contributions under 

7

 
the Company’s 401(k) savings plan that a Participant would have received in such plan if 
he had not elected to make Salary Deferrals or Bonus Deferrals pursuant to the terms of this 
Plan.    Any  Supplemental  Company  Contribution  shall  be  credited  to  the  Retirement 
Distribution Account.

Section 4.5.  Transfers from Other Plans of Deferred Compensation.  The Company may 
credit an Eligible Employee with an amount under this Plan equal to the amount credited 
under a prior plan of deferred compensation maintained by the Company or its predecessor 
on behalf of a selected group of management and highly compensated employees.  Any such 
amount shall be credited to the Retirement Distribution Account.

ARTICLE 5.  DISTRIBUTION OPTION ACCOUNTS

Section 5.1.  Distribution Option Accounts.  The Company shall establish on its books a 
hypothetical account for a Participant.  This account shall be referred to as the Distribution 
Option Account.  Each Distribution Option Account shall be comprised of one or more sub-
accounts.  One sub-account shall be referred to as the Retirement Distribution Account.  
Generally, the distribution of amounts credited to the Retirement Distribution Account shall 
be  subject  to  Section 7.1.    The  other  sub-accounts  shall  be  referred  to  as  In-Service 
Distribution Accounts.  One In Service Distribution Account shall be established for each 
live-year Distribution Option Period.  Supplemental Company Contributions, when credited, 
are credited only to the Retirement Distribution Account.

Section 5.2.  Earnings  on  Distribution  Option Accounts.   A  Participant’s  Distribution 
Option Account shall be credited with earnings in accordance with the Earnings Crediting 
Options, elected by the Participant from time to time, until such Account is fully distributed.  
Participants may allocate their Retirement Distribution Account and/or each of their In-
Service Distribution Accounts among the Earnings Crediting Options available under the 
Plan only in accordance with rules and procedures adopted by the Committee.  The deemed 
rate of return, positive or negative, credited under each Earnings Crediting Option is based 
upon the actual investment performance of such Earnings Crediting Option, and shall equal 
the total return of such Earnings Crediting Option, net of asset based charges, including, 
without limitation, money management fees, fund expenses and mortality and expense risk 
insurance contract charges.  The Company reserves the right, on a prospective basis, to add 
or delete Earnings Crediting Options.

Section 5.3.  Earnings Crediting Options.  Notwithstanding that the rates of return credited 
to  Participants’  Distribution  Option Accounts  under  the  Earnings  Crediting  Options  are 
based upon the actual performance of the Earnings Crediting Options, the Company shall 
not  be  obligated  to  invest  any  Salary  or  Bonus  Deferrals,  Supplemental  Company 
Contributions, or any other amounts, in such Earnings Crediting Options.

Section 5.4.  Changes in Earnings Crediting Options.  Subject to limitations set forth in 
Section 12,  a  Participant  may  change  the  Earnings  Crediting  Options  to  which  his 
Distribution  Option  Account  is  deemed  to  be  allocated  with  whatever  frequency  is 
determined by the Committee, which shall not be less than four times per Plan Year.  Each 

8

 
such  change  may  include  (a) reallocation  of  the  Participant’s  existing  Retirement 
Distribution Account and In-Service Distribution Accounts among the Earnings Crediting 
Options, and/or (b) reallocation of Earnings Crediting Options with respect to amounts to 
be credited to the Participant’s Account in the future, as the Participant may elect. Any such 
change must be in accordance with the rules and procedures adopted by the Committee.

Section 5.5.  Valuation  of Accounts.    The  value  of  a  Participant’s  Distribution  Option 
Account  as  of  any  Valuation  Date  shall  equal  the  amounts  theretofore  credited  to  such 
Account, including any earnings (positive or negative) deemed to be earned on such Account 
in accordance with Section 5.2 through the Valuation Date preceding such date, less the 
amounts therefore deducted from such Account.

Section 5.6.  Statement of Accounts.  The Committee shall provide to each Participant, 
not less frequently than annually, a statement in such form as the Committee deems desirable 
setting forth the balance standing to the credit of each Participant in each of his Distribution 
Option Account.

Section 5.7.  Distribution from Accounts.  The Participant’s Distribution Option Account 
shall be reduced by the amount of payments made by the Company to the Participant or the 
Participant’s Beneficiary pursuant to this Plan.  Any distribution made to or on behalf of a 
Participant from his Distribution Option Account in an amount which is less than the entire 
balance of any such Account shall be made pro rata from each of the Earnings Crediting 
Options to which such Account is then allocated.

ARTICLE 6.  DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS

Section 6.1.  Election of Distribution Option.  In the first Enrollment Agreement filed with 
the Committee, an Eligible Employee shall elect the time and manner of payment pursuant 
to which the Eligible Employee’s Distribution Option Account will be paid.  The Eligible 
Employee  may  elect  that  deferrals  be  paid  either  in  accordance  with  the  Retirement 
Distribution  Option,  or  the  In Service Distribution  Option.   Any  deferrals  to  be  paid  in 
accordance with the Retirement Distribution Option shall be maintained in the Retirement 
Distribution Account.  Any deferrals to be paid in accordance with the In-Service Distribution 
Option  shall  be  maintained  in  an  In-Service  Distribution Account,  one  such  In-Service 
Distribution Option being established for each Distribution Option Period.

Section 6.2.  Retirement Distribution Option.  Initial elections as to time and manner of 
payment for a Retirement Distribution Account shall be applicable to all amounts in the 
Retirement Distribution Account.  An election to change the time and manner of payment 
of amounts deferred into the Retirement Distribution Account:  1) must delay distribution 
of such amount for at least 5 years beyond the original distribution date; 2) must be made 
at least 12 months before the original distribution date; and 3) will not be effective until 12 
months  after  the  Participant  makes  the  new  election.    Once  a  Participant  Terminates 
Employment, he may change his election with respect to the timing and manner of payment 
of  his  Retirement  Distribution Account  but  only  in  accordance  with  the  requirements 
described in this Section 6.2.

9

 
Section 6.3. 
In-Service Distribution Option.  The time and manner of payment elected 
with  respect  to  an  In-Service  Distribution Account  must  be  elected  on  the  Enrollment 
Agreement  at  the  time  Salary  or  Bonus  Deferrals  are  first  directed  into  the  In-Service 
Distribution Account.  The election of the time and manner of payment will be applicable 
to  all  amounts  in  the  In-Service  Distribution Account  and  cannot  be  changed  until  the 
Distribution Option Period has terminated and a new Distribution Option Period has begun, 
at which time, a new In-Service Distribution Account shall be established for future deferrals.  
An election to change the time and manner of payment of amounts deferred into the In-
Service Distribution Account: 1) must delay distribution of such amount for at least 5 years 
beyond the original distribution date; 2) must be made at least 12 months before the original 
distribution date; and 3) will not be effective until 12 months after the Participant makes 
the new election.  

Amounts  credited  to  the  In-Service  Distribution Account  must  remain  in  the  In-
Service Distribution Account for at least two years.  In the event a Participant’s In-Service 
Distribution Account includes amounts deferred within two years of the date on which the 
Participant has elected a distribution of his In-Service Distribution Account, deferrals in an 
amount equal to the deferrals made within the prior two-year period, measured from the 
date of distribution, and earnings attributable to such amounts, shall remain credited to the 
In-Service Distribution Account until all such deferrals have been credited to the Plan for 
two years, at which time, they shall be distributable as soon as administratively feasible in 
accordance with the Participant’s election.  

ARTICLE 7.  DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS TO PARTICIPANTS

Section 7.1.  Benefits  Under  the  Retirement  Distribution  Option.    Benefits  under  the 
Retirement Distribution Option shall be paid to a Participant as follows.  The Participant’s 
Retirement Distribution Account shall be distributed in one of the following methods, as 
elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 6.2: (i) in a lump sum, (ii) in annual 
installments,  or  (iii)  in  accordance  with  any  formula  elected  by  the  Participant  that  is 
mathematically derived and is acceptable to the Company’s Human Resources Department 
or a Plan administrator selected by the Company; except that amounts deemed to be allocated 
to SLM Corporation stock as an Earnings Crediting Option shall be made in a lump sum in 
SLM Corporation stock as provided in Section 12.  A Participant’s Retirement Distribution 
Account must be distributed in full before the end of the fortieth year following the year in 
which the Participant Terminates Employment.

Except  as  provided  in  Section 12.1,  the  Participant’s  Retirement  Distribution 
Account shall be distributed as elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 6.2: 
(1) 12  months  following  Termination  of  Employment,  or  (2) January  31st  of  the  year 
following the year in which the Participant attains a stated age, as elected by the Participant 
and  at  least  12  months  following  Termination  of  Employment.    Notwithstanding  the 
foregoing, any distribution of amounts in excess of Grandfathered Funds made to a Specified 
Employee as a result of the Specified Employee’s separation from Service may not be made 

10

 
earlier than the first day of the seventh month following the Specified Employee’s date of 
separation from Service.

A lump sum benefit shall equal the value of the Retirement Distribution Account as 
of  the  Valuation  Date  immediately  preceding  the  date  of  payment.    The  first  annual 
installment payment shall equal (i) the value of such Retirement Distribution Account as of 
the Valuation Date immediately preceding the date of payment, divided by (ii) the number 
of annual installment payments elected by the Participant in the Enrollment Agreement, 
pursuant to which such Retirement Distribution Account was established.  The remaining 
annual installments shall equal (i) the value of such Retirement Distribution Account as of 
the  Valuation  Date  immediately  preceding  Plan  Year  divided  by  (ii) the  number  of 
installments remaining.

With respect to Grandfathered Funds, a Participant may accelerate the distribution 
of his Retirement Distribution Account balance upon the occurrence of a Change in Control.  
With  respect  to  amounts  in  excess  of  Grandfathered  Funds,  a    Participant’s  Retirement 
Distribution  Account  balance  shall  become  immediately  due  and  payable  upon  the 
occurrence of a Change in Control only if the Change in Control satisfies the requirements 
of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) (and the guidance issued thereunder).  For purposes of 
this Section 7.1, a Change in Control means a change in the ownership or effective control 
of the Corporation or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Corporation, 
as determined in accordance with the requirements of Code Section 409A.

Section 7.2.  Benefits Under the In-Service Distribution Option.  Benefits under the In-
Service Distribution Option shall be paid to a Participant as follows:

(a) 

In-Service Distributions.  In the case of a Participant who continues in Service 
with the Company, the Participant’s In-Service Distribution Account for any 
Distribution Option Period shall be paid to the Participant between January 1 
and January 31 of the Plan Year elected by the Participant in the Enrollment 
Agreement  pursuant  to  which  such  In-Service  Distribution Account  was 
established, in one lump sum or in annual installments payable over 2, 3, 4, 
or 5 years.  Any lump sum benefit payable in accordance with this paragraph 
shall be paid between January 1 and January 31 of the Plan Year elected by 
the Participant in accordance with Section 6.3, in an amount equal to the 
value  of  such  In-Service  Distribution Account  as  of  the  Valuation  Date 
immediately preceding the date of payment Annual installment payments, if 
any, shall commence between January 1 and January 31 of the Plan Year as 
elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 6.3, in an amount equal 
to (i) the value of such In-Service Distribution Account as of the Valuation 
Date immediately preceding the date of payment, divided by (ii) the number 
of annual installment payments elected by the Participant in the Enrollment 
Agreement  pursuant  to  which  such  In-Service  Distribution Account  was 
established.    The  remaining  annual  installments  shall  be  paid  between 
January 1, and January 31 of each succeeding year in an amount equal to 

11

 
(b) 

(i) the value of such In Service Distribution Account as of the Valuation Date 
immediately preceding Plan Year divided by (ii) the number of installments 
remaining.  

A Participant may also elect on the Enrollment Agreement to have his In  
Service Distribution Account paid in the form of a lump sum if he should 
Terminate  Employment  prior  to  his  Retirement.   With  regard  to  amounts 
deferred into an In-Service Distribution Account constituting Grandfathered 
Funds, such lump sum will be distributed in Sallie Mae common stock no 
later than 60 days following termination of Service for Participants who are 
Executive Officers for purposes of proxy disclosure.  For other Participants, 
such  lump  sum  will  be  distributed  as  soon  as  administratively  feasible 
following the date that is 12 months from the End Termination Date and such 
an election shall be subject to the provisions of Section 6.3.  Notwithstanding 
the foregoing, any distribution made to a Specified Employee as a result of 
the Specified Employee’s separation from Service may not be made earlier 
than the first day of the seventh month following the Specified Employee’s 
date of separation from Service.

(c)  With  respect  to  Grandfathered  Funds,  a  Participant  may  accelerate  the 
distribution  of  his  In-Service  Distribution  Account  balance  upon  the 
occurrence of a Change in Control.  With respect to amounts in excess of 
Grandfathered  Funds,  a  Participant’s  In-Service  Distribution  Account 
balance shall become immediately due and payable upon the occurrence of 
a Change in Control only if the Change in Control satisfies the requirements 
of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) (and the guidance issued thereunder).  For 
purposes of this Section 7.2(c), a Change in Control means a change in the 
ownership or effective control of the Corporation or in the ownership of a 
substantial  portion  of  the  assets  of  the  Corporation,  as  determined  in 
accordance with the requirements of Code Section 409A.

ARTICLE 8.  DISABILITY

Section 8.1. 
In the event a Participant becomes Disabled, the Participant’s right to make 
any  further  deferrals  under  this  Plan  shall  terminate.    The  Participant’s  Retirement 
Distribution Account,  if  any,  shall  be  distributed  to  the  Participant  in  accordance  with 
Section 7.1.  The Participant’s In-Service Distribution Accounts, if any, will be distributed 
to  the  Participant  in  accordance  with  Section 7.2(a),  without  regard  to  the  fact  that  the 
Participant became Disabled.

ARTICLE 9.  SURVIVOR BENEFITS

Section 9.1.  Death of Participant Prior to the Commencement of Benefits.  In the event 
of a Participant’s death prior to the commencement of benefits in accordance with Section 7, 
benefits shall be paid to the Participant’s Beneficiary, as determined under Section 13.3, 
pursuant to Section 9.2 or 9.3, whichever is applicable, in lieu of any benefits otherwise 

12

 
payable under the Plan to or on behalf of such Participant.  The Participant’s Beneficiary 
shall be treated as the Participant for purposes of the Plan and shall have the authority to 
elect the Earnings Crediting Options in the same manner as the Participant.  In addition, the 
Beneficiary may elect to receive an accelerated distribution, pursuant to Section 11, or an 
Emergency Benefit, pursuant to Section 10.  However, the Beneficiary shall not be entitled 
to change the form and timing of distribution as elected on the Enrollment Agreement.

Notwithstanding any provisions in this Section 9 to the contrary, in the event there 
is  no  designated  Beneficiary,  or  the  Beneficiary  has  predeceased  the  Participant,  the 
Participant’s Distribution Option Account shall be distributed to the Participant’s estate in 
the form of a lump sum as soon as administratively feasible following the Participant’s death.

Section 9.2.  Survivor Benefits Under the Retirement Distribution Option.  A Participant 
may elect on the Enrollment Agreement the time and manner of payment of his Retirement 
Distribution Account in the event he dies prior to the commencement of distributions from 
such Retirement Distribution Account pursuant to Section 7.1.  The Participant may elect 
that his Retirement Distribution Account be paid to his Beneficiary (a) in a lump sum as 
soon as practicable following the Participant’s death, or (b) in the form, and at the time, that 
the Retirement Distribution Account would have been payable to the Participant.  The amount 
of any lump sum benefit payable in accordance with this Section shall equal the value of 
such Retirement Distribution Account as of the Valuation Date immediately preceding the 
date on which such benefit is paid.  The amount of any annual installment benefit payable 
in accordance with this Section shall equal (a) the value of such Retirement Distribution 
Account as of the Valuation Date immediately preceding the date on which such installment 
is paid, divided by (b) the number of annual installments remaining to be paid pursuant to 
the election of the Participant.

Section 9.3.  Survivor Benefits Under the In-Service Distribution Option.  A Participant 
may elect on the Enrollment Agreement the time and manner of payment of his In-Service 
Distribution Account in the event he dies prior to the commencement of distributions from 
such In-Service Distribution Account pursuant to Section 7.2.  The Participant may elect 
that his In-Service Distribution Account be paid to his Beneficiary (a) in a lump sum as soon 
as practicable following the Participant’s death, or (b) in the form, and at the time, that the 
In-Service Distribution Account would have been payable to the Participant.  The amount 
of any lump sum benefit payable in accordance with this Section shall equal the value of 
such Retirement Distribution Account as of the Valuation Date immediately preceding the 
date on which such benefit is paid.  The amount of any annual installment benefit payable 
in accordance with this Section shall equal (a) the value of such Retirement Distribution 
Account as of the Valuation Date immediately preceding the date on which such installment 
is paid, divided by (b) the number of annual installments remaining to be paid pursuant to 
the election of the Participant.

Section 9.4.  Death  of  Participant  After  Benefits  Have  Commenced.    In  the  event  a 
Participant  dies  after  annual  installments  from  his  Distribution  Option  Account  have 
commenced, but before the entire balance of such Account has been paid, any remaining 

13

 
installments shall continue to be paid to the Participant’s Beneficiary, as determined under 
Section 13.3,  at  such  times  and  in  such  amounts  as  they  would  have  been  paid  to  the 
Participant had he survived.

ARTICLE 10.  EMERGENCY BENEFIT

Section 10.1.  In  the  event  that  the  Committee,  upon  written  request  of  a  Participant, 
determines, in its sole discretion, that the Participant has suffered an unforeseeable financial 
emergency,  the  Company  shall  pay  to  the  Participant  from  the  vested  portion  of  his 
Distribution Option Account, as soon as practicable  following  such determination,  an 
amount  necessary to meet the emergency, after deduction of any and all taxes as may be 
required pursuant to Section 13.9 (the “Emergency Benefit”), and after taking into account 
the  extent  to  which  such  hardship  is  or  may  be  relieved  through  reimbursement  or 
compensation by insurance or otherwise or by liquidation of the Participant’s assets (to the 
extent the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause severe financial hardship).  An 
unforeseeable  financial  emergency  means  a  severe  financial  hardship  to  the  Participant 
resulting  from  an  illness  or  accident  of  the  Participant,  the  Participant’s    spouse,  the 
Participant’s beneficiary, or of a Participant’s dependent (as defined in Code Section 152, 
without regard to Code Section 152(b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)); loss of the Participant’s 
property due to casualty (including the need to rebuild a home following damage to a home 
not otherwise covered by insurance, for example, not as a result of a natural disaster); or 
similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond 
the control of the Participant.  Examples of events that may constitute an unforeseeable 
financial emergency include the imminent foreclosure of or eviction from the Participant’s 
primary  residence;  the  need  to  pay  for  medical  expenses,  including  non-refundable 
deductibles, as well as for the costs of prescription drug medication; and the need to pay for 
the  funeral  expenses  of  the  Participant’s  spouse,  the  Participant’s  beneficiary,  or  the 
Participant’s dependent (as defined in Code Section 152, without regard to Code Sections 
152(b)(1),  (b)(2),  and  (d)(1)(B)).   Whether  a  Participant  is  faced  with  an  unforeseeable 
financial emergency will be determined based on the relevant facts and circumstances of 
each case, but, in any case, a distribution on account of an unforeseeable financial emergency 
may  not  be  made  to  the  extent  that  such  emergency  is  or  may  be  relieved:    (i) through 
reimbursement or compensation by available insurance or otherwise, (ii) by liquidation of 
the Participant’s assets, to the extent the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause 
severe  financial  hardship  or  (iii) by  cessation  of  deferrals  under  the  Plan.    Emergency 
Benefits shall be paid first from the Participant’s In-Service Distribution Accounts, if any, 
in the order in which such Accounts would otherwise be distributed to the Participant.  If 
the distribution exhausts the In-Service Accounts, the Retirement Distribution Account may 
be  accessed.   With  respect  to  that  portion  of  any  Distribution  Option Account  which  is 
distributed to a Participant as an Emergency Benefit in accordance with this Section, no 
further benefit shall be payable to the Participant under this Plan.  Notwithstanding anything 
in this Plan to the contrary, a Participant who receives an Emergency Benefit in any Plan 
Year shall not be entitled to make any further Salary or Bonus Deferrals for the remainder 
of such Plan Year.

14

 
The  amount  available  for  distribution  of  amounts  deferred  under  the  Plan  not 
constituting Grandfathered Funds on account of an unforeseeable financial emergency shall 
be limited to the amount reasonably necessary to satisfy the emergency need (which may 
include  amounts  necessary  to  pay  any  Federal,  state,  local,  or  foreign  income  taxes  or 
penalties reasonably anticipated to result from the distribution), and shall be determined in 
accordance  with  Code  Section 409A  and  the  regulations  thereunder.    In  all  events, 
distributions due to an unforeseeable financial emergency shall be made solely in accordance 
with the provisions of Code Section 409A and related official guidance.

ARTICLE 11.  ACCELERATED DISTRIBUTION FOR AMOUNTS DEFERRED 
BEFORE JANUARY 1, 2005

Section 11.1.  Availability  of Withdrawal  prior  to  the  Commencement  of  Distributions.   
With  regard  to  Grandfathered  Funds  deferred  into  a  Participant’s  Distribution  Option 
Account, upon the Participant’s written election, the Participant may elect to withdraw all 
or a portion of the amounts at any time prior to the time such Distribution Option Account 
is otherwise payable under the Plan, provided the conditions specified in Sections 11.3, 11.4, 
and 11.5 are satisfied.  However, no amount may be distributed from deferrals, and earnings 
attributable to such deferrals, that have been credited to the Plan less than two years.  Amounts 
in excess of Grandfathered Funds that are deferred into a Participant’s Distribution Option 
Account and earnings credited to such amounts may not be withdrawn under Article 11.

Section 11.2.  Acceleration  of  Periodic  Distributions.    Upon  the  Participant’s  written 
election, the Participant or Participant’s Beneficiary who is receiving installment payments 
under the Plan may elect to have all or a percentage of the remaining installments that are 
attributable to Grandfathered Funds credited to the Participant’s Distribution Option Account 
distributed in the form of an immediately payable lump sum, provided the condition specified 
in Sections 11.3, 11.4 and 11.5 are satisfied.

Section 11.3.  Forfeiture Penalty.  In the event of a withdrawal pursuant to Section 11.1, or 
an accelerated distribution pursuant to Section 11.2, the Participant shall forfeit from the 
sub-account  of  his  Distribution  Option Account  from  which  the  withdrawal  is  made  an 
amount equal to 10% of the amount of the withdrawal or accelerated distribution, as the 
case may be.  The forfeited amount shall be deducted from the applicable sub-account prior 
to  giving  effect  to  the  requested  withdrawal  or  acceleration.    The  Participant  and  the 
Participant’s Beneficiary shall not have any right or claim to the forfeited amount, and the 
Company  shall  have  no  obligation  whatsoever  to  the  Participant,  the  Participant’s 
Beneficiary or any other person with regard to the forfeited amount.

Section 11.4.  Minimum Withdrawal. In no event shall the amount withdrawn in accordance 
with  Section 11.1  or  11.2  be  less  than  25%  of  the  amount  credited  to  the  Participant’s 
Distribution Option Account immediately prior to the withdrawal.

Section 11.5.  Suspension  from  Deferrals.    In  the  event  of  a  withdrawal  pursuant  to 
Section 11.1 or 11.2, a Participant who is otherwise eligible to make deferrals under Section 4 
shall be prohibited from making any deferrals with respect to the Plan Year immediately 

15

 
following the Plan Year during which the withdrawal is made, and any election previously 
made by the Participant with respect to deferrals for the Plan Year of the withdrawal shall 
be void and of no effect with respect to subsequent Salary and Bonus Deferrals for such 
Plan Year.

ARTICLE 12.  EARNINGS CREDITING OPTION BASED ON COMPANY STOCK

Section 12.1.  Insiders.    Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  the  Plan,  elections  by 
“Insiders” (Participants who are considered by the Company to be subject to Section 16b 
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to have their Distribution Option Account deemed 
to be invested in Sallie Mae common stock may not be changed for the entire period of time 
that the Distribution Option Account is maintained.  With regard to Grandfathered Funds, 
any portion of an Insider’s Distribution Option Account deemed to be invested in Sallie Mae 
common stock shall be distributed in a lump sum, in the form of Sallie Mae common stock 
within  60  days  of  separation  from  Service.    With  regard  to  amounts  in  excess  of 
Grandfathered Funds and earnings credited to such amounts, any portion of an Insider’s 
Distribution Option Account deemed to be invested in Sallie Mae common stock shall be 
distributed in a lump sum in the form of Sallie Mae common stock at least 6 months following 
Termination of Employment.

Section 12.2.  Designated  Key  Employees,  Including  Vice  Presidents  and  Above.  
Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  the  Plan,  for  Participants  who  are  or  become  a 
Designated Key Employee, or Vice President or above, any portion of such a Participant’s 
Distribution Option Account deemed to be invested in Sallie Mae stock may not be changed 
to another investment option for the entire period of time that the Distribution Option Account 
is maintained and shall be distributed in the form of Sallie Mae common stock.  A Designated 
Key Employee is an employee who meets the definition of a “key employee” under Code 
Section 416(i) (without regard to paragraph 5 thereof).

Section 12.3.  Effective as of the Distribution, as defined in the Separation Agreement, each 
Account with amounts deemed invested in SLM Corporation common stock pursuant to the 
Predecessor Plan will be credited with a number of shares of SLM BankCo common stock 
equal  to  a  fraction,  the  numerator  of  which  is  the  product  of  the  Pre-Distribution  SLM 
BankCo Share Price and the number of shares of SLM Corporation common stock credited 
to such account and the denominator of which is the Post-Distribution SLM BankCo Share 
Price, rounded up to the nearest whole share in replacement of shares of SLM Corporation 
common  stock  credited  to  such  account.    Such  amounts  will  be  distributed,  at  the  time 
otherwise  specified  in  the  Plan,  in  the  form  Sallie  Mae  common  stock.    Following  the 
Distribution, any additional deferrals deemed to be invested in company stock will be deemed 
to be invested in Sallie Mae common stock.

ARTICLE 13.  MISCELLANEOUS

Section 13.1.  Amendment  and  Termination.    The  Plan  may  be  amended,  suspended, 
discontinued  or  terminated  at  any  time  by  Sallie  Mae;  provided,  however,  that  no  such 
amendment,  suspension,  discontinuance  or  termination  shall  reduce  or  in  any  manner 

16

 
adversely affect the rights of any Participant with respect to benefits that are payable or may 
become payable under the Plan based upon the balance of the Participant’s Accounts as of 
the  effective  date  of  such  amendment,  suspension,  discontinuance  or  termination.  
Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  in  no  event  shall  any  amendment,  modification  or 
termination be made in a manner that is inconsistent with the requirements under Code 
Section 409A, nor shall any amendment, modification or other act or exercise be effective 
which  involves  an  unintentional  material  modification  (within  the  meaning  of  Code 
Section 409A and any guidance issued thereunder) with respect to Grandfathered Funds.

Section 13.2.  Claims Procedure.

(a) 

Claim

A person who believes that he is being denied a benefit to which he is entitled under 
the Plan (hereinafter referred to as a “Claimant”) may file a written request for such benefit 
with the Plan administrator, setting forth the claim.

(b) 

Claim Decision 

Upon receipt of a claim, the Plan administrator shall advise the Claimant that a reply 
will be forthcoming within ninety (90) days and shall, in fact, deliver such reply within such 
period.  The Plan administrator may, however, extend the reply period for an additional 
ninety (90) days for reasonable cause.

If the claim is denied in whole or in part, the Claimant shall be provided a written 

opinion, using language calculated to be understood by the Claimant, setting forth:

(1) 

The specific reason or reasons for such denial:

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

The specific reference to pertinent provisions of this Agreement on 
which such denial is based;

A description of any additional material or information necessary for 
the  Claimant  to  perfect  his  claim  and  an  explanation  why  such 
material or such information is necessary; and

Appropriate information as to the steps to be taken if the Claimant 
wishes to submit the claim for review.

(c) 

Request for Review

Within  sixty  (60)  days  after  the  receipt  by  the  Claimant  of  the  written  opinion 
described  above,  the  Claimant  may  request  in  writing  that  the  Committee  review  the 
determination of the Plan administrator.  The Claimant or his duly authorized representative 
may, but need not, review the pertinent documents and submit issues and comment in writing 
for consideration by the Committee.  If the Claimant does not request a review of the initial 

17

 
determination within such sixty (60) day period, the Claimant shall be barred and estopped 
from challenging the determination.

(d) 

Review of Decision

Within sixty (60) days after the Committee’s receipt of a request for review, it will 
review the initial determination.  After considering all materials presented by the Claimant, 
the Committee will render a written opinion, written in a manner calculated to be understood 
by the Claimant, setting forth the specific reasons for the decision and containing specific 
references to the pertinent provisions of this Agreement on which the decision is based.  If 
special circumstances require that the sixty (60) day time period be extended, the Committee 
will so notify the Claimant and will render the decision as soon as possible, but no later than 
one hundred twenty (120) days after receipt of the request for review.

Section 13.3.  Designation of Beneficiary.  Each Participant may designate a Beneficiary 
or Beneficiaries (which Beneficiary may be an entity other than a natural person) to receive 
any payments which may be made following the Participant’s death.  Such designation may 
be changed or canceled at any time without the consent of any such Beneficiary.  Any such 
designation, change or cancellation must be made in a form approved by the Committee 
and shall not be effective until received by the Committee, or its designee.  If no Beneficiary 
has been named, or the designated Beneficiary or Beneficiaries shall have predeceased the 
Participant, the Beneficiary shall be the Participant’s estate.  If a Participant designates more 
than one Beneficiary, the interests of such Beneficiaries shall be paid in equal shares, unless 
the Participant has specifically designated otherwise.

Section 13.4.  Limitation of Participant’s Right.  Nothing in this Plan shall be construed as 
conferring upon any Participant any right to continue in the employment of the Company, 
nor shall it interfere with the rights of the Company to terminate the employment of any 
Participant and/or to take any personnel action affecting any Participant without regard to 
the effect which such action may have upon such Participant as a recipient or prospective 
recipient of benefits under the Plan.  Any amounts payable hereunder shall not be deemed 
salary or other Salary to a Participant for the purposes of computing benefits to which the 
Participant may be entitled under any other arrangement established by the Company for 
the benefit of its employees.

Section 13.5.  No Limitation on Company Actions.  Nothing contained in the Plan shall be 
construed  to  prevent  the  Company  from  taking  any  action  which  is  deemed  by  it  to  be 
appropriate or in its best interest.  No Participant, Beneficiary, or other person shall have 
any claim against the Company as a result of such action.

Section 13.6.  Obligations to Company.  If a Participant becomes entitled to a distribution 
of benefits under the Plan, and if at such time the Participant has outstanding any debt, 
obligation,  or  other  liability  representing  an  amount  owing  to  the  Company,  then  the 
Company  may  offset  such  amount  owed  to  it  against  the  amount  of  benefits  otherwise 
distributable, to the extent permissible under State law.  Such determination shall be made 
by the Committee.

18

 
Section 13.7.  Nonalienation  of  Benefits.    Except  as  expressly  provided  herein,  no 
Participant or Beneficiary shall have the power or right to transfer (otherwise than by will 
or the laws of descent and distribution), alienate, or otherwise encumber the Participant’s 
interest under the Plan, except pursuant to a domestic relations order that would qualify as 
a Qualified Domestic Relations Order under section 414(p) of the Code.  The Company’s 
obligations under this Plan may not be assigned or transferred except to (a) any corporation 
or partnership which acquires all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or (b) any 
corporation or partnership into which the Company may be merged or consolidated.  The 
provisions of the Plan shall inure to the benefit of each  Participant and the  Participant’s 
Beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or successors in interest.

Section 13.8.  Protective Provisions.  Each Participant shall cooperate with the Company 
by furnishing any and all information requested by the Company in order to facilitate the 
payment of benefits hereunder, taking such physical examinations (for insurance purposes) 
as  the  Company  may  deem  necessary  and  taking  such  other  relevant  action  as  may  be 
requested by the Company.  If a Participant refuses to cooperate, the Company shall have 
no further obligation to the Participant under the Plan, other than payment to such Participant 
of the then current balance of the Participant’s Distribution Option Accounts in accordance 
with his prior elections.

Section 13.9.  Withholding Taxes.  Subject to the requirements of Code Section 409A and 
any guidance issued thereunder, the Company may make such provisions and take such 
action as it may deem necessary or appropriate for the withholding of any taxes which the 
Company  is  required  by  any  law  or  regulation  of  any  governmental  authority,  whether 
Federal, state or local, to withhold in connection with any benefits under the Plan, including, 
but not limited to, the withholding of appropriate sums from any amount otherwise payable 
to the Participant (or his Beneficiary).  Each Participant, however.  shall be responsible for 
the payment of all individual tax liabilities relating to any such benefits.

Section 13.10. Unfunded Status of Plan.  The Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” 
plan of deferred compensation for Participants.  Benefits payable hereunder shall be payable 
out of the general assets of the Company, and no segregation of any assets whatsoever for 
such benefits shall be made.  Notwithstanding any segregation of assets or transfer to a 
grantor trust, with respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant, nothing contained 
herein shall give any such Participant any rights to assets that are greater than those of a 
general creditor of the Company.

Section 13.11. Severability.    If  any  provision  of  this  Plan  is  held  unenforceable,  the 
remainder  of  the  Plan  shall  continue  in  full  force  and  effect  without  regard  to  such 
unenforceable provision and shall be applied as though the unenforceable provision were 
not contained in the Plan.

Section 13.12. Government Law.  The Plan shall be construed in accordance with the laws 
of the State of Delaware, without reference to the principles of conflict of laws.

19

 
Section 13.13. Headings.  Headings are inserted in this Plan for convenience of reference 
only and are to be ignored in the construction of the provisions of the Plan.

Section 13.14. Gender.  Singular or Plural.  All pronouns and any variations thereof shall 
be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, or neuter, as the identity of the person or 
persons may require.  As the context may require, the singular may read as the plural and 
the plural as the singular.

Section 13.15. Notice.  Any notice or filing required or permitted to be given to the Plan 
administrator or the Committee under the Plan shall be sufficient if in writing and hand 
delivered, or sent by registered or certified mail, to the Human Resources Department, or 
to such other entity as the Plan administrator or the Committee may designate from time to 
time.  Such notice shall be deemed given as to the date of delivery, or, if delivery is made 
by mail, as of the date shown on the postmark on the receipt for registration or certification.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, SLM Corporation has caused this Plan to be duly executed in 

its name and on its behalf as of the _____ day of  

, 2015.

SLM Corporation

By 

Bonnie Beasley
Senior Vice President and

Chief Human Resources Officer

20

 
 
Exhibit 10.11

SLM CORPORATION  
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN FOR DIRECTORS 
(As Established Effective May 1, 2014 and Amended June 25, 2015)

INTRODUCTION

The SLM Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (the “Plan”) is hereby 
established by SLM Corporation (the “Corporation”) effective as of May 1, 2014 (the “Effective 
Date”).  Section 9 was amended on June 25, 2015.

The  Plan  represents  an  assumption  and  continuation  of  a  portion  of  the  former  SLM 
Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, as originally adopted on February 21, 1995, 
and thereafter amended (the “Predecessor Plan”).  The liabilities for the Predecessor Plan participants 
set forth on Appendix A have been transferred to and assumed by this Plan as of the Effective Date.

This Plan includes certain Grandfathered Accounts (defined below), which shall continue 
to be subject to, and governed by, the terms of the Predecessor Plan as in effect on December 31, 
2004.    “Grandfathered Account”  means  the  separate  memorandum  account  maintained  by  the 
Corporation for a Predecessor Plan participant listed on Appendix A to which amounts that were 
deferred and vested prior to January 1, 2005, and any earnings attributable thereto, are credited. 

This Plan document applies to amounts deferred under the Predecessor Plan that were earned 
or vested after December 31, 2004, and any earnings attributable thereto, as well as any amounts 
deferred and vested under this Plan after the Effective Date.  With respect to deferrals after December 
31, 2004, the Plan is to be interpreted as necessary to comply with section 409A of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 and Treasury Regulations section 1.409A-1 et seq., as they both may be 
amended from time to time, and other guidance issued by the Treasury Department and Internal 
Revenue Service thereunder (“Section 409A”).  If an amount credited to a Grandfathered Account 
becomes subject to Section 409A, such amount shall be deemed governed by the Plan and shall be 
paid in accordance with Section 3(E).

1. 

DEFERRAL OPPORTUNITY

Each  year  during  the  annual  enrollment  period  (“Annual  Enrollment  Period’’) any  non  
employee director (“Director”) of the Corporation may, in accordance with rules, procedures and 
forms specified from time to time by the Corporation, elect to defer receipt of either all or a specified 
part of his Director’s fees for the following calendar year (the “Deferral Election”).  Any amount 
so deferred (the “Deferred Amount”), shall be credited to a memorandum account maintained by 
the Corporation on behalf of the Director (the “Deferred Account”) and paid out as hereinafter 
provided.  In addition, an individual may make an election prior to commencing his initial term as 
a member of the Board and such election shall be effective as of the date he commences such term 

1

 
or,  if  permitted  by  the  Corporation,  in  its  sole  discretion,  such  later  time  as  permitted  by 
Section 409A.

A Director who does not file a Deferral Election before the last day of the calendar year (or 
any earlier date required by the Corporation) to defer earnings for the following calendar year will 
be treated as having elected not to defer any amounts for the following calendar year.  A Director 
who does not file a Deferral Election with respect to a calendar year may file a Deferral Election 
for a subsequent calendar year in accordance with this Section.

For the avoidance of doubt, Deferral Elections made by Directors pursuant to the Predecessor 

Plan with respect to the 2014 calendar year will be continued and implemented under this Plan.

2. 

PARTICIPATION

To participate in this Plan, a Director shall submit to the Corporation a Deferral Election 

form relating to all or part of the fees he is entitled to receive as a Director.

3. 

DEFERRAL ELECTION

Upon filing a Deferral Election, a Director shall designate the amount to be deferred; elect 
the  deferral  period;  elect  to  have  such  deferred  amounts  invested  in  cash,  in  shares  of  the 
Corporation’s common stock or a successor class of stock (“Common Stock”), or some combination 
of both; elect the time and form of payment; and designate a beneficiary.

Deferral Elections are effective on a calendar year basis and become irrevocable no later 

than the December 31 before the beginning of the calendar year to which the elections relate.

A. 

Amount to be Deferred

A Director may elect to defer all or a portion of his annual retainer, meeting fees, or 
per diem payments.

Any Deferred Amount shall be credited to the Director’s Deferred Account and paid 
out as hereinafter provided.

B. 

Deferral Period

At the election of the Director, the payment of the Deferred Account shall commence 
as soon as administratively possible (but no later than 90 days) after:

(i) 

(ii) 

the first day of the tenth month after the Director ceases to be a Director of 
the Corporation for any reason, including death,

the first day of the tenth month after the Director ceases to be a Director and 
attains an age specified by the Director at the time of the Deferral Election, 
or

2

 
(iii) 

the  expiration  of  a  period  of  years  not  shorter  than  three  years.  For  the 
avoidance of doubt, payment shall commence on the first day of the calendar 
year elected by the Director; provided, however, that the Director may not 
elect a calendar year that is earlier than the third calendar year following the 
date of the Deferral Election.

For purposes of the Plan, a Director shall not be considered to cease to be a Director 
unless the cessation of the Director’s service as a Director constitutes a separation 
from service within the meaning of Section 409A.

A Director may not designate the taxable year of distribution except to the extent 
permitted in Section 3(B)(iii).

A Director shall not be allowed to receive the Deferred Account before the expiration 
of the Deferral Period, unless the Director meets the requirements of a hardship as 
provided in Section 6, nor shall a Director be allowed to defer his Deferred Account 
beyond the Deferral Period.

C. 

(i) 

Investment Election

Cash Account.  If the Director elects to have all or a portion of his Deferred 
Account invested in cash:

The Corporation shall maintain a separate memorandum account (the “Cash 
Account”),  reflecting  the  Corporation’s  liability  to  the  Director  for  the 
deferred earnings.  All deferred earnings that are invested in cash shall be 
credited to the Cash Account at the time such earnings would have been paid 
but for the Deferral Election.  Amounts credited to the Cash Account shall 
earn interest, compounded quarterly, on March 31st, June 30th, September 
30th, and December 31st, at an effective rate equal to the quarterly average 
of  the  monthly  five-year  Treasury  Constant  Maturity  Rate  listed  on  the 
Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15.

(ii) 

Stock Account.  If the Director elects to have all or a portion of his Deferred 
Account invested in Common Stock:

The Corporation shall maintain a separate memorandum account (the “Stock 
Account”),  reflecting  the  Corporation’s  liability  to  the  Director  for  the 
Deferred Account, measured in accordance with the value of Common Stock.  
All deferred earnings that are invested in Common Stock shall be converted 
into a number of shares (or fraction thereof) of Common Stock and such 
number of shares shall be credited to the Stock Account at the time such 
earnings  would  have  been  paid  but  for  the  Deferral  Election.   The  Stock 
Account will be credited with additional shares determined by reference to 
any dividends paid on or adjustments to Common Stock through the date of 
distribution.  The conversion of deferred earnings, dividends, or other cash 

3

 
payments into a number of shares of Common Stock shall be based on the 
fair market value of a share of Common Stock at the close of business on the 
business day immediately preceding the date on which a Director receives a 
credit to his Stock Account under this Plan, which shall be the last sale price 
on the NASDAQ York Stock Exchange.

Effective as of the Distribution, as defined in the Separation and Distribution 
Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2014, by and among SLM Corporation, 
New  BLC  Corporation,  a  Delaware  corporation  (“SLM  BankCo”),  and 
Navient  Corporation  (the  “Separation Agreement”),  each  Stock Account 
under  the  Predecessor  Plan  will  be  credited  with  a  number  of  shares  of 
Common Stock equal to a fraction, the numerator of which is the product of 
the  Pre-Distribution  SLM  BankCo  Share  Price  (defined  below)  and  the 
number  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  credited  to  such  account  and  the 
denominator  of  which  is  the  Post-Distribution  SLM  BankCo  Share  Price 
(defined below), rounded up to the nearest whole share in replacement of 
shares of common stock credited to such account.  Such amounts will be 
distributed, at the time otherwise specified in the Plan, in the form of Common 
Stock.

“Pre-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price” means the sum of the Post-
Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price and the Post-Distribution Navient 
Share Price.

“Post-Distribution SLM BankCo Share Price” means the volume-weighted 
average  of  the  “ex-dividend”  trading  price  on  NASDAQ  of  a  share  of 
common  stock  of  SLM  BankCo  on  the  five  trading  days  ending  on  the 
Distribution Date (as defined in the Separation Agreement).

“Post-Distribution  Navient  Share  Price”  means  the  volume-weighted 
average  of  the  “when  issued”  trading  price  on  NASDAQ  of  a  share  of 
common stock of Navient Corporation on the five trading days ending on 
the Distribution Date (as defined in the Separation Agreement).

Directors  shall  receive  quarterly  statements  reflecting  their  Deferred  Account 
balances.

D. 

Form of Payment

A  Director  may  elect  to  receive  his  Deferred Account  in  a  lump  sum  or  annual 
installments, not exceeding 15 installments.  Deferred Accounts shall be distributed 
in the form that reflects the investment of the Deferred Account at the end of the 
Deferral Period; the Cash Account shall be paid in cash and the Stock Account shall 
be paid in Common Stock.

4

 
If  a  Director  elects  to  receive  his  Deferred Account  in  annual  installments,  such 
installments shall equal:

(i) 

(ii) 

the value of the Deferred Account on the date that payments begin divided 
by the number of installments elected by the Director, plus

interest  credited  to  the  Cash Account  or  dividends  credited  to  the  Stock 
Account since the previous installment; and each annual installment will be 
paid during the year in which it is due.

E. 

Default Time and Form of Payment

If  a  Director  fails  timely  to  elect  a  time  and  form  of  distribution,  the  Director’s 
Deferred Account will be distributed as soon as administratively possible (but no 
later than 90 days) after the first day of the tenth month after the Director ceases to 
be a Director of the Corporation for any reason in the form of a single lump sum 
payment.

F. 

Death Benefit and Beneficiary Designation

In the event of the Director’s death, the entire balance in the Director’s Deferred 
Account shall be paid to his beneficiary as soon as administratively possible after 
his death but in no event later than the end of the year in which the Director’s death 
occurred or, if later, the 15th day of the third calendar month following the Director’s 
death.

A Director may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to receive the balance of his 
Deferred Account upon his death.  Any death benefit with respect to a Director who 
did not designate a beneficiary or who is not survived by a beneficiary shall be paid 
to the personal representative of the Director.

4. 

TERMINATION/AMENDMENT OF ELECTION

Once  a  Deferral  Election  becomes  irrevocable  for  a  calendar  year,  a  Director  may  not 

terminate the deferral of his earnings during that calendar year.

A Director may not modify his current or prior year Deferral Elections; however:

A. 

Increase or decrease the amount of fees that are deferred.  A Director 
may increase or decrease the amount of fees that are deferred in a future 
calendar year by filing a new Deferral Election during the relevant Annual 
Enrollment Period. Any such election shall be effective only for the calendar 
year following the year in which the Corporation receives the new Deferral 
Election.

B. 

Change the Investment Election.  A Director may change his investment 
election with respect to any portion of his Deferred Account that is invested 

5

 
in cash but a Director may not change his investment election with respect 
to any portion of his Deferred Account that is invested in Common Stock.  
Any change shall be subject to the Corporation’s open trading-window policy 
governing the purchase and sale of its Common Stock (except for when the 
Director has ceased to be a Director) and shall be effective on the later of the 
date that it is received by the Corporation or the date elected by the Director.  
At the Director’s election, the change in investment election may apply to 
amounts previously deferred and/or amounts to be deferred after the effective 
date of the modification. An investment election may not be changed after 
the expiration of the Deferral Period.

C. 

D. 

E. 

Change the Deferral Period.  A Director may change the Deferral Period 
with respect to deferrals in a future calendar year by filing a new Deferral 
Election during the relevant Annual Enrollment Period.  This change shall 
be  effective  only  for  amounts  earned  in  the  calendar  year  following  the 
calendar year in which the Corporation receives the new Deferral Election.

Change the Form of Payment. A Director may change the form of payment 
with respect to deferrals in a future calendar year by filing a new Deferral 
Election during the relevant Annual Enrollment Period.  This change shall 
be  effective  only  for  amounts  earned  in  the  calendar  year  following  the 
calendar year in which the Corporation receives the new Deferral Election.

Change in Beneficiaries.  A Director may change beneficiaries by filing a 
written  change  of  beneficiary  designation  form  with  the  Corporation  and 
such  new  beneficiary  designation  shall  be  effective  upon  receipt  by  the 
Corporation.

Upon cessation of service as a Director, the terms of this Plan shall continue to govern a 
Director’s Deferred Account until the Deferred Account is paid in full.  Accordingly, a Director’s 
Deferred Account shall continue to be credited with investment earnings, as provided by Section 
3.C, and the Deferral Period shall continue in effect.

5. 

HARDSHIP DISTRIBUTION

In the event of a substantial, unforeseen hardship, a Director may file a notice with the 
Chairman of the Compensation, Nominations and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors 
(the “Committee”), advising the Committee of the circumstances of the hardship, and requesting a 
hardship  distribution.    Upon  approval  by  the  Committee  of  a  Director’s  request,  the  Director’s 
Deferred Account,  or  that  portion  of  a  Director’s  Deferred Account  deemed  necessary  by  the 
Committee to  satisfy the hardship  (determined in a  manner  consistent with  Section 409A) plus 
amounts necessary to pay taxes reasonably anticipated because of the distribution, will be distributed 
in a single lump sum as soon as administratively possible (but no later than 90 days) following the 
date of approval.  The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine how a Director’s Cash and 
Common Stock accounts shall be debited for the distribution.  No member of the Committee may 
vote on, or otherwise influence a decision of the Committee concerning his request for a hardship 

6

 
distribution.  If the Committee approves a Director’s hardship distribution request, then effective 
as of the date the request is approved, the Committee shall cancel the Director’s Deferral Election, 
if any, for the remainder of the calendar year.  A Director whose Deferral Election is cancelled in 
accordance with this Section may file a new Deferral Election for the following calendar year in 
accordance with Section 1.  A hardship distribution by a Director shall have no effect on any amounts 
remaining in the Plan following the hardship distribution.

For  purposes  of  this  paragraph,  a  substantial,  unforeseen  hardship  is  a  severe  financial 
hardship resulting from extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events 
beyond the Director’s control, such as (i) an illness or accident of the Director or the Director’s 
spouse, the Director’s beneficiary, or the Director’s dependent (as defined in Internal Revenue Code 
section  152,  without  regard  to  Code  sections  152(b)(l),  (b)(2),  and  (d)(1)(B)),  (ii) a  loss  of  the 
Director’s  property  due  to  casualty,  or  (iii) other  similar  extraordinary  and  unforeseeable 
circumstances, all as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee.  A hardship distribution 
shall not be made to the extent such hardship is or may be relieved (i) through reimbursement or 
compensation by insurance or otherwise, (ii) by liquidation of the Director’s assets, to the extent 
the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause a severe financial hardship, or (iii) by cessation 
of deferrals under the Plan.  Examples of what are not considered to be unforeseeable hardships 
include the need to send a Director’s child to college, or the desire to purchase a home.

6. 

ACCELERATION OF PAYMENT

The Plan shall not permit the acceleration of the time or schedule of any payment, except 
as set forth herein or as otherwise permitted by Section 409A.  The Committee may, in a manner 
that results in Section 409A compliance, determine to accelerate the time of a Director’s payment 
if at any time the Plan, as applicable to such Director, fails to meet the requirements of Section 
409A. Such amount may not exceed the amount required to be included in income as a result of the 
failure to comply with Section 409A.  Any such tax liability distribution shall be paid between the 
date  of  the  Committee’s  determination  and  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  during  which  the 
determination occurred, or if later, the 15th day of the third calendar month following the date of 
the Committee’s determination.

7. 

SECTION 409A

The Plan is intended to comply with Section 409A, and shall be construed and administered 
accordingly to the extent Section 409A applies to the Plan.  To the extent that a provision of the 
Plan  would  cause  a  conflict  with  the  requirements  of  Section 409A,  or  would  cause  the 
administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy Section 409A, such provision shall be deemed null and 
void to the extent permitted by applicable law.  Nothing herein shall be construed as a guarantee of 
any particular tax treatment to a Director.

8. 

CREDITOR STATUS

The rights of a Director in his Deferred Account shall be only as a general, unsecured creditor 
of the Corporation. Any amount of cash or number of shares of Common Stock payable under this 
Plan shall be paid solely from the general assets of the Corporation and a Director shall have no 

7

 
rights, claim, interest or lien in any property which the Corporation may have, acquire, or otherwise 
identify to assist the Corporation in fulfilling its obligation to any and all Directors under the Plan.

9. 

ADMINISTRATION AND TERMINATION

The Plan shall be administered by the Chief Human Resources Officer of the Corporation 

who shall provide a copy of this Plan to each Director.

The  Board  may,  at  any  time  and  in  its  sole  discretion,  terminate  or  amend  the  Plan  in 
accordance with Section 409A; provided, however, that no such termination or amendment shall 
reduce or in any manner adversely affect the rights of any Director with respect to benefits that are 
payable or become payable under the Plan as of the effective date of such amendment or termination. 
In the event of termination, existing Deferred Accounts shall be paid in accordance with the terms 
of  the  Plan  except  to  the  extent  the  Plan  is  terminated  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
Section 409A,  in  which  event  the  existing  Deferred Accounts  shall  be  paid  in  accordance  with 
Section 409A.

8

 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, SLM Corporation has caused this amended and restated Plan 

to be duly executed in its name and on its behalf as of the _____ day of 

, 2015.

By: 

Name:   Bonnie Beasley

Title:  Senior Vice President

and Chief Human Resources Officer

9

 
 
SALLIE MAE
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
Amended and Restated as of June 25, 2014
(Including Amendments as of June 25, 2015)

Exhibit 10.39

1. 

PURPOSE

The purpose of the Sallie Mae Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Plan") is to motivate employees 
of SLM Corporation (the “Corporation”) and subsidiaries owned more than 50% by the Corporation or which 
the Corporation controls (collectively the “Employers”) to achieve corporate goals and to encourage equity 
ownership in the Corporation in order to increase proprietary interest in the Corporation's success.

2. 

ADMINISTRATION

(a)  The Plan shall be administered by the SLM Corporation Retirement Committee (the "Committee") 
or such other committee whose members may be appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the 
management-level Enterprise Risk Committee of the Corporation.  In addition to its duties with 
respect to the Plan, the Committee shall have full authority, consistent with the Plan, to interpret 
the Plan, to promulgate such rules and regulations with respect to the Plan as it deems desirable, 
to  delegate  its  responsibilities  hereunder  to  appropriate  persons  and  to  make  all  other 
determinations  necessary  or  desirable  for  the  administration  of  the  Plan.    All  decisions, 
determinations and interpretations of the Committee shall be binding upon all persons.

(b) The rights to purchase stock ("Options") that are granted under this Plan shall constitute non-
qualified stock options that are not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the “Code”).  However, the Plan is intended to 
comply with Section 409A of the Code and will be interpreted in a manner intended to comply 
with Section 409A of the Code.

3. 

SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN

The stock that may be purchased under the Plan is common stock, $.20 par value, of the Corporation.  
The aggregate number of shares that may be purchased pursuant to the Plan is 15,326,214 shares, subject to 
any adjustment pursuant to Paragraph 4.  Such shares may be previously-issued stock reacquired by the 
Corporation, authorized, but unissued stock, or stock that is purchased on the open market by the Corporation.

If at any time the number of shares to be purchased in an Offering Period, as defined in Paragraph 5
(c), causes the total number of shares offered under the Plan to exceed the above stated limit, then the number 
of shares that may be purchased by each Participant in that Offering Period shall be reduced pro rata.

 
 
 
 
4. 

ADJUSTMENTS FOR CHANGES IN CAPITALIZATION

If any change is made in, or other events occur with respect to, the Corporation’s stock subject to the 
Plan or subject to any Option granted under this Plan without receipt of consideration by the Corporation 
(through merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, stock dividend, dividend 
in property other than cash, extraordinary cash dividend, stock split, liquidating dividend, combination of 
shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure or other transaction not involving the receipt of 
consideration by the Corporation, each an “Adjustment Event”), the Plan shall be adjusted in the class(es) 
and maximum number of securities subject to the Plan pursuant to Section 3 and the outstanding Options 
granted under this Plan shall be maintained in the same equivalent economic position with respect to the 
class(es)  and number of securities and price per share of Corporation stock subject to such outstanding 
Options.  The Committee shall be responsible for determining whether an Adjustment Event has occurred 
for  purposes  of  this  Section  4.    If  an Adjustment  Event  has  occurred,  the  Committee  shall  make  such 
adjustments as described herein, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive.  No fractional 
interests shall be issued under the Plan based on such adjustments.  The Committee shall not make any 
adjustment pursuant to this Section 4 that would cause an Option that is otherwise exempt from Section 409A 
of the Code to become subject to Section 409A of the Code, or that would cause an Option that is subject to 
Section 409A of the Code to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

5. 

DEFINITIONS

(a)  Eligible Compensation.  The term “Eligible Compensation” shall mean the regular salary and 
hourly wages (calculated at the regular hourly rate, including payments for sick leave, vacation, 
paid time-off, holidays, jury duty, bereavement and other paid leaves of absence).  In addition 
commissions (i.e., amounts paid to Participants by an Employer related to a particular transaction 
or sale) paid by an Employer to a Participant during the Offering Period are considered “Eligible 
Compensation.”  “Eligible Compensation” shall not include other forms of compensation such 
as  short-term  disability  payments,  severance  payments,  incentive  compensation,  equity 
compensation and overtime pay. 

(b) Entry Date.  The term "Entry Date" shall mean the first day of each Plan Year, except that for 
eligible employees hired after the first day of any Plan Year and on or prior to January 1st, the 
initial  “Entry  Date”  shall  mean  the  first  day  of  the  month  following  their  commencement  of 
employment with the Corporation or an Employer.  For the avoidance of doubt, if an employee 
is hired after January 1st, the “Entry Date” for such employee shall be the first day of the next 
Plan Year.

(c)  Offering Period.  The term "Offering Period" shall mean the 12-month period beginning with the 
first day of each Plan Year, except that for eligible employees hired after the first day of any Plan 
Year and on or prior to January 1st, the initial “Offering Period” shall mean the period beginning 
with  the  first  day  of  the  month  in  which  benefits  are  otherwise  effective  following  their 
commencement  of  employment  with  the  Corporation  or  an  Employer  and  ending  on  the 
immediately following July 31st.

(d)  Plan Year.  The Plan will follow a twelve month cycle starting each August 1st and ending 
the next July 31st, or such other period as the Committee may designate from time to time. In 
the event of a change in the Plan Year designated by the Committee, the Committee may also 
update the dates designated in the definitions of Entry Date and Offering Period in such 
manner as the Committee may determine in its discretion.

 
 
(e)  Purchase Date.  The term "Purchase Date" shall mean the last day of an Offering Period, 
except if the NASDAQ Stock Market is closed on the last day of an Offering Period, the Purchase 
Date shall mean the immediately preceding trading day on the NASDAQ Stock Market.

(f)  Participant.  The term "Participant" shall mean an eligible employee who elects to participate 

in the Plan pursuant to Paragraph 9.  

6. 

ELIGIBILITY

All regular full-time and part-time employees working 24 or more hours per week of the Corporation 
shall be eligible to participate in the Plan on their Entry Date; provided, however, that such eligible employees 
complete the enrollment  procedures established by the Committee prior to the enrollment deadline for such 
Entry Date.  Notwithstanding the prior sentence, the following individuals shall not be eligible to participate 
in the Plan:

(a)   any individual whose services are performed for the Employer pursuant to a contract between the 

Employer and another entity, and whom the Employer treats as a leased employee;

(b)   any individual that the Employer treats as an independent contractor; 

(c)   temporary employees;

(d)   members of the Boards of Directors of the Corporation and of the Employers, unless otherwise 

eligible as described above; and

(e)   International employees.

7. 

PURCHASE PRICE

The Purchase Price per share shall be equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock on 
the first business day of the Plan Year on which the NASDAQ Stock Market is open, less 15 percent of such 
fair market value.  Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or the Committee, 
the fair market value of a share of common stock on a particular date shall be deemed to be the closing price 
of a share of common stock as recorded by the NASDAQ Stock Market on such date or, if no closing price 
has been recorded on such date, on the next day in which a closing price is recorded.

8. 

OPTION TO PURCHASE STOCK

Prior to each Entry Date, the Corporation will offer eligible employees the opportunity to elect to 
participate in the Plan.  Each eligible employee who elects to participate will receive an Option to purchase 
on the Purchase Date the number of full and/or fractional shares of common stock at the Purchase Price. 

 
 
 
 
9. 

ENROLLING IN THE PLAN

An eligible employee may elect to participate in the Plan by completing the enrollment procedures 

established by the Committee before the enrollment deadline announced for each Entry Date.  

A Participant shall elect a percentage to be deducted regularly from his or her Eligible Compensation 
on an after-tax basis provided that the Participant must elect an initial payroll deduction of no less than one 
percent (1%) and no more than twenty-five percent (25%) of his or her Eligible Compensation, not to exceed 
$7,500 per Offering Period.  Only whole percentages may be elected.

A Participant may elect to change his or her payroll deduction percentage on a biweekly basis, as 

limited by Paragraph 12. 

Unless a Participant changes his or her payroll deduction percentage or ceases participation in the 
Plan in accordance with Paragraphs 12 and 13, a Participant's payroll deductions, as limited by Paragraph 
10, and his or her initial enrollment elections will continue until the end of the Offering Period.  A Participant 
must complete the enrollment procedures established by the Committee each Offering Period.

10. 

DEPOSITS

Pursuant to the enrollment procedures established by the Committee, after-tax payroll 

contributions to the Plan will be deposited to a non-interest bearing omnibus account established for the 
Plan at the Sallie Mae Bank, a related party.  No other types of deposits may be made.

11. 

INDIVIDUAL BALANCES

Individual balances are record kept at Sallie Mae, by the Committee’s designates.

12.  MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTIONS

A Participant must elect an initial payroll deduction of no less than one percent (1%) and no more 
than twenty-five percent (25%) of his or her Eligible Compensation, not to exceed $7,500 per Offering Period.  
A Participant may change his or her contribution during the Offering Period, including changing to zero 
percent.  Contributions other than by payroll deductions are not permitted.  Only whole percentages are 
allowed.

13.  WITHDRAWALS FROM THE PLAN

A Participant may make one withdrawal during each Offering Period under the terms and procedures 
established by the Committee.  The withdrawal must be for the total amount of contributions on record at 
the time the transaction is processed.  The funds will be distributed to the employee through their regular 
payroll check as soon as practicable but no later than thirty (30) days from the date the withdrawal request 
is submitted.  If a Participant receives a withdrawal during an Offering Period, he or she shall no longer 
participate in the Plan for the remainder of such Offering Period.  An eligible employee who has ceased 
participation in the Plan may enter the Plan for the next Offering Period by following the enrollment procedures 
established by the Committee, subject to Paragraph 9.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. 

STOCK PURCHASES

In accordance with the applicable procedures established by the Committee, the Corporation shall 
exercise all Options to Purchase shares which each Participant is entitled to on each Purchase Date.  The 
Corporation shall withhold a sufficient number of shares to cover his or her applicable taxes on any gains, 
which is the difference between the value of shares purchased at the discount price and the market value of 
those shares on the purchase date.  Taxes in the required amount will be paid to the appropriate government 
agency(ies).

If the Purchase Price exceeds the fair market value per share on the Purchase Date, no shares will be 

purchased.  The individual balances will be distributed to the Participant’s via payroll.   

The common stock purchased on the Purchase Date will be issued and credited to a brokerage account 
established by the Corporation on behalf of the Participant (the “Stock Account”) as soon as administratively 
practicable after such Purchase Date.  A Participant may sell any or all shares held in his/her Stock Account 
unless restricted from trading in Corporation Stock at that time.

15. 

TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

In the event that a Participant’s employment terminates for any reason including retirement, total and 
permanent disability, or death, before the applicable Purchase Date, participation in the Plan shall terminate 
immediately and as soon as practicable and no later than March 15 following the end of the Offering Period 
in which Participant’s termination of employment occurs, the Participant or the Participant’s beneficiary(ies) 
or estate if no beneficiary is elected will be paid in cash the value of his or her Individual Balance.  A Participant 
who transfers employment between Employers shall not be deemed to have terminated employment for the 
purposes of this Paragraph. 

16. 

CHANGE IN CONTROL

In the event of a Change of Control or Change of Control Transaction, all outstanding Options under 
the Plan shall automatically be exercised immediately prior to the consummation of such Change of Control 
or Change of Control Transaction by causing all amounts credited to each Participant’s account to be applied 
to purchase as many shares pursuant to the Participant’s Option as possible at the Purchase Price, subject to 
the limitations set forth in the Plan.  The Corporation shall use its best efforts to provide at least ten (10) days’ 
prior written notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or Change of Control Transaction and Participants 
shall, following the receipt of such notice, have the right to terminate their outstanding Options prior to the 
effective date of such Change of Control or Change of Control Transaction.

“Change of Control” shall mean an occurrence of any of the following events: (a) an acquisition (other 
than directly from the Corporation) of any voting securities of the Corporation (the “Voting Securities”) by 
any “person or group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) other than 
an  employee  benefit  plan  of  the  Corporation,  immediately  after  which  such  Person  has  “Beneficial 
Ownership” (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than fifty percent (50%) 
of  the  combined  voting  power  of  the  Corporation’s  then  outstanding  Voting  Securities;  or  (b) the 
consummation  of  (i) a  merger,  consolidation  or  reorganization  involving  the  Corporation,  unless  the 
Corporation resulting from such merger, consolidation or reorganization (the “Surviving Corporation”) shall 
adopt or assume this Plan and a Participant’s Options under the Plan and either (A) the shareholders of the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporation immediately before such merger, consolidation or reorganization own, directly or indirectly 
immediately following such merger, consolidation or reorganization, at least seventy-five percent (75%) of 
the  combined  voting  power  of  the  Surviving  Corporation  in  substantially  the  same  proportion  as  their 
ownership immediately before such merger, consolidation or reorganization, or (B) at least a majority of the 
members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Surviving  Corporation  were  directors  of  the  Corporation 
immediately  prior  to  the  execution  of  the  agreement  providing  for  such  merger,  consolidation  or 
reorganization,  or  (ii) a  complete  liquidation  or  dissolution  of  the  Corporation.  “Change  of  Control 
Transaction” shall mean the consummation of any tender offer, offer, exchange offer, solicitation, merger, 
consolidation, reorganization or other transaction, either of which results in a Change of Control.

17. 

ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

The Board of Directors may, in its sole and absolute discretion, create special Offering Periods for 
individuals who become eligible employees solely in connection with the acquisition of another company 
or business by merger, reorganization or purchase of assets and, notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the 
contrary, may provide for special purchase dates for Participants who will cease to be eligible employees 
solely in connection with the disposition of all or a portion of any Employer or a portion of the Corporation, 
which Offering Periods and purchase rights granted pursuant thereto shall, notwithstanding anything stated 
herein,  be  subject  to  such  terms  and  conditions  as  the  Board  of  Directors  considers  appropriate  in  the 
circumstances.

18. 

NO TRANSFER OR ASSIGNMENT OF EMPLOYEE'S RIGHTS

Except as specified in Paragraph 17, an employee's rights under the Plan are his or hers alone and 

may not be transferred or assigned to, or availed of, by any other person.

19. 

BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION

The beneficiary shall be one or more persons designated by the Participant in accordance with the 
procedures established by the Committee who is entitled to receive amounts contributed and/or earned by 
the Participant and/or act on behalf of the Participant, pursuant to Paragraph 15.  

20. 

CLAIMS PROCEDURES

A  Participant  may  appeal  a  denial  of  benefits  under  this  Plan  by  submitting  a  written  statement 
appealing the decision, normally within 60 days of the denial of the benefit by the Committee.  In the written 
statement, the Participant must state reasons why the claim should not have been denied.  Also, the written 
statement  should  be  accompanied by  any  documents,  additional information  or  comments  that  might  be 
helpful to the Committee.  In this manner, the Committee intends to afford any Participant or beneficiary 
whose claim for benefits has been denied a reasonable opportunity for a review of the decision.   Written 
appeals must be sent to:

SLM Corporation Retirement Committee
Sallie Mae
300 Continental Drive
Newark, Delaware 19713

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Committee will review a Participant's appeal and will promptly notify such Participant in writing of the 
decision.  Normally, this decision will be made within 60 days of receipt of the appeal, but this period may 
be extended to no more than 120 days if special circumstances require additional time.  In such a case, the 
Participant will be notified before the end of the initial 60-day period of the reasons for the extension.

21. 

TERMINATION AND AMENDMENTS TO PLAN

The Board may at any time and from time to time, alter, amend, suspend or terminate this Plan in 
whole  or  in  part,  including  to  add  or  remove  subsidiaries  of  the  Corporation,  provided,  however,  that 
shareholder approval shall be required for any amendment (i) that materially alters the terms of this Plan or 
(ii) where such approval is required by applicable legal or stock exchange requirements. No amendment or 
alteration that would adversely affect the rights of any Participant under any Award previously granted to 
such Participant shall be made without the consent of such Participant. Nothing contained in this Plan shall 
be construed to prevent the Corporation from taking any corporate action which is deemed by the Corporation 
to be appropriate or in its best interest, whether or not such action would have an adverse effect on the Plan 
or any rights granted under the Plan.  No employee, beneficiary or other person or entity shall have any claim 
against the Corporation as a result of any such action.

22. 

INDEMNITY
The Corporation shall, consistent with applicable law, indemnify members of the Committee from 
any liability, loss or other financial consequence with respect to any act or omission relating to the Plan to 
the same extent and subject to the same conditions as specified in the indemnity provisions contained in the 
By-Laws and Regulations of the Corporation.

23. 

LIMITATIONS ON SALE OF STOCK PURCHASED UNDER THE PLAN

The Plan is intended to provide common stock for investment and not for resale.  The Corporation 
does not, however, intend to restrict the sale of the stock other than in accordance with the Corporation's 
general policies regarding the sale of the Corporation's stock.  The employee assumes the risk of any market 
fluctuations in the price of such stock.

24. 

PAYMENT OF EXPENSES RELATED TO PLAN

The cost, if any, for the delivery of shares to a Participant or commissions upon the sale of stock shall 
be paid by the Participant using such service.  Other expenses associated with the Plan, if any, at the discretion 
of the Committee, will be allocated as deemed appropriate by the Committee. 

25. 

OPTIONEES NOT STOCKHOLDERS

Neither the granting of an Option to an employee, nor the deductions from his or her pay shall cause 
such employee to be a stockholder of the shares covered by an Option until such shares have been purchased 
by and issued to him or her.

26. 

TAXES

As a condition of the grant and exercise of an Option, a Participant shall make such arrangements as 
the Corporation may require for the satisfaction of any applicable U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax, 
withholding, and any other required deductions or payments that may arise in connection with such Option.  
The Corporation shall not be required to issue any shares under the Plan until such obligations are satisfied.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Corporation may, to the extent permitted under applicable laws, permit a Participant to satisfy 
all or part of his or her tax, withholding, or any other required deductions or payments by cashless exercise 
or by surrendering shares (either directly or by stock attestation) that he or she previously acquired.  Any 
payment of taxes by surrendering shares to the Corporation may be subject to restrictions, including, but not 
limited to, any restrictions required by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

27. 

NO EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS

Nothing in the Plan shall confer upon any employee any right to continued employment, or interfere 
with the right of the Corporation or the Employers to terminate his or her employment at any time, for any 
reason.

28. 

EFFECTIVE DATE

This current amendment and restatement is effective June 25, 2014.  The Plan was amended again 

on June 25, 2015.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, SLM Corporation has caused this instrument to be duly executed in its name and 
on its behalf.

SLM Corporation

By: _______________

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM CORPORATION 
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES 
(Dollars in thousands) 

Exhibit 12.1 

Years Ended December 31,

Income before income tax expense . . . . . . .

$

87,848

$ 341,869

$ 416,527

$ 333,752

$ 439,064

Add: Fixed charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107,896

84,709

91,182

98,404

132,048

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Total earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 195,744

$ 426,578

$ 507,709

$ 432,156

$ 571,112

Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 105,385

$

82,912

$

89,085

$

95,815

$ 128,619

Rental expense, net of income . . . . . . . . . . .

2,511

1,797

2,097

2,589

3,429

Total fixed charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107,896

84,709

91,182

Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

98,404

12,933

132,048

19,595

Net income attributable to SLM
Corporation common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1) . . . . .
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and 
preferred stock dividends(1) . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 107,896

$

84,709

$

91,182

$ 111,337

$ 151,643

1.81

1.81

5.04

5.04

5.57

5.57

4.39

3.88

4.33

3.77

(1) For purposes of computing these ratios, earnings represent income before income tax expense plus fixed charges.
Fixed charges represent interest expensed and capitalized plus one-third (the proportion deemed representative of the
interest factor) of rents, net of income from subleases.

 
 
SUBSIDIARIES OF 
SLM CORPORATION 

Exhibit 21.1 

Incorporation
Sallie Mae Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jurisdiction of Name    
Utah

* Pursuant to Item 601(b)(21)(ii) of Regulation S-K, the names of other
subsidiaries of SLM Corporation are omitted because, considered in the
aggregate, they would not constitute a significant subsidiary as of the
end of the year covered by this report.

 
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Exhibit 23.1 

The Board of Directors
SLM Corporation:

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements of SLM Corporation (the Company):

Form
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-8
S-3

Registration Number
333-140285
333-125317
333-33575
333-33577
333-44425
333-53631
333-68634
333-80921
333-92132
333-109315
333-109319
333-159447
333-116136
333-181646
333-205031

of  our  reports  dated  February  26,  2016  with  respect  to  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  SLM  Corporation  and 
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive 
income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015, 
and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, which reports appear in the 
of the Company.
December 31, 2015 annual report on Form 

/s/ KPMG LLP

McLean, Virginia 
February 26, 2016

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Raymond J. Quinlan, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SLM Corporation; 

Exhibit 31.1

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 
all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;

4. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under 
our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is 
made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions 
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based 
on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting 
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial 
information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ RAYMOND J. QUINLAN

Raymond J. Quinlan
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer) 
February 26, 2016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Steven J. McGarry, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SLM Corporation; 

Exhibit 31.2

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in 
all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report;

4. The  registrant’s  other  certifying  officer  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under 
our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is 
made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions 
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based 
on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting 
which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial 
information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ STEVEN J. MCGARRY

Steven J. McGarry
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial Officer) 
February 26, 2016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.1

In connection with the Annual Report of SLM Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Raymond J. Quinlan, Executive 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations 

of the Company.

/s/ RAYMOND J. QUINLAN

Raymond J. Quinlan
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer) 
February 26, 2016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Exhibit 32.2

In connection with the Annual Report of SLM Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven J. McGarry, Executive 
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations 

of the Company.

/s/ STEVEN J. MCGARRY

Steven J. McGarry
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial Officer) 
February 26, 2016