Sonim Technologies, Inc.
Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO Commission File Number 001-38907 Sonim Technologies, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 94-3336783 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92121 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 378-8100 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Trading Symbol(s) SONM Name of each exchange on which registered The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act . Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☐ ☒ ☒ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ☐ ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market on June 30, 2022 was approximately $10,575,418. On March 20, 2023, there were 40,995,430 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain information required by Part III, Items 10-14 of this Form 10-K will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K. PART I Table of Contents Business Item 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Properties Legal Proceedings PART II Reserved Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures i Page 2 13 36 36 36 36 37 37 38 47 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 49 49 49 50 52 53 STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Those forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical statements of fact and those regarding our intent, belief or expectations, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our business strategies, growth prospects, operating and financial performance, plans, estimates and projections. These statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs and on information currently available to us. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including but not limited to, those risks and uncertainties set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as those set forth below under “Summary of Risk Factors.” The risks and uncertainties set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not a complete list of factors or events that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations, and we cannot predict all of them. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this report, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. As a result, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this report will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. ii SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS The following is a summary of some of the risks and uncertainties as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below in the section titled “Risk Factors.” ● We are not in compliance with the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market and as a result our common stock may become delisted; ● There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and we may not be able to improve our liquidity or financial position; ● Our liquidity has been adversely impacted by our ongoing net losses; ● We have not been profitable in recent years and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future; ● A small number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue; ● We are materially dependent on some customer relationships that are characterized by non-binding product award letters and the loss of such relationships could harm our business and operating results; ● Our quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period; ● We rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners; ● If our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience product returns and lost sales, experience product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims; ● We are required to undergo a lengthy customization and certification process for each wireless carrier customer; ● Our dependence on third-party suppliers for key components of our products could delay shipment of our products and reduce our sales; ● We are dependent on the continued services and performance of a concentrated group of senior management and other key personnel; ● We face risks related to health epidemics, pandemics and other outbreaks, including the COVID-19 pandemic; ● Changes in laws and regulations concerning the use of telecommunication bandwidth could increase our costs and adversely impact our business; ● If we are unable to successfully protect our intellectual property, our competitive position may be harmed; ● Others may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights, which may result in costly and time-consuming litigation and could delay or otherwise impair the development and commercialization of our products, and ● We have identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which, if not remediated, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Other factors not discussed above or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could also adversely affect our businesses, results of operations and financial condition. Therefore, the risk factors below should not be considered a complete list of potential risks that we may face. Any risk factor described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any of our other SEC filings could by itself, or together with other factors, materially adversely affect our liquidity, competitive position, business, reputation, results of operations, capital position or financial condition, including by materially increasing our expenses or decreasing our revenues, which could result in material losses. 1 Item 1. Business. Introduction PART I Sonim Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 5, 1999 and is headquartered in San Diego, California. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Sonim” refer to Sonim Technologies, Inc. and its wholly owned and consolidated subsidiaries. Overview We are a leading provider of rugged and consumer durable mobile devices including phones and accessories designed to provide extra protection for users that demand more durability in their work and everyday lives. In 2022, we introduced a tablet product that has generated a significant portion of the Company’s revenue since its introduction. This new product has a large screen that allows customers to easily access and process IoT data. It allows the Company to gain experience with data devices and diversifies the Company’s portfolio. The Company is developing additional data devices to further diversify the Company’s portfolio. We currently have device placements in the three largest wireless carriers in the United States - ATT, Verizon and T-Mobile – as well as the three largest wireless carriers in Canada – Bell, Telus and Rogers. While we primarily sell through the wireless carrier channel, we also sell through distribution channels in North America and Europe. Our tablets are sold unbranded, and are imported by our customer to the U.S., for sale in the U.S. Our devices and accessories connect users with voice, data, workflow and lifestyle applications that enhance the user experience while providing an extra level of protection. Task workers in the Enterprise and Government sectors have historically been limited to pen and paper, older radio technology and/or single-purpose electronic devices, such as barcode scanners, location-tracking devices and sensors, to accomplish specific tasks. These single-purpose devices have historically operated on proprietary networks, such as Land Mobile Radio 94 or LMR networks that enable Push-to-Talk or PTT services for voice communications. We provide communication devices that consolidate and integrate multiple functions including PTT, into a single ruggedized solution running on commercial wireless networks at a total cost of ownership that we believe is significantly lower than other solutions and that provides improved productivity and safety of task workers. Our solutions include ultra-rugged mobile phones that are capable of attaching to both public and private wireless networks, industrial-grade accessories that meet the requirements of specific applications, and software applications and cloud-based tools that provide management and deployment services to our customers. We tightly integrate PTT capabilities into both the hardware and software of our mobile phones, including a dedicated hard key that can initiate a PTT call even if the phone is in a sleep-state. End customers of our solutions include construction, energy and utility, hospitality, logistics, manufacturing, public sector and transportation entities that primarily purchase our devices and accessories through their wireless carriers. The key attributes of our solutions are specifically tailored for the needs of our end users, including impact resistance, waterproof, chemical resistant, and dustproof construction, extended battery life and extra loud audio, supported by a three-year comprehensive warranty. All of our devices run on the Android operating system, providing a familiar and intuitive user interface, and our smartphones have access to a library of millions of applications available through the Google Play Store. We have also implemented dozens of application programming interfaces, or APIs, specific to our mobile phones and have partnered with third-party application developers to create a purpose-built experience for our end users using these applications on our mobile phones. This includes working with the leading providers of PTT and mission-critical-PTT, or MCPTT applications to deliver a seamless instant communications experience. We currently have stocked phone and accessory products with the three largest U.S. wireless carriers: AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon, meaning that these carriers test and certify our mobile phones on their networks and maintain inventory in their warehouses that they then sell through their enterprise and retail sales teams to end customers, often on a subsidized or financed basis. Our full product portfolio has also been stocked with the three largest Canadian wireless carriers. In 2022, we sold approximately 25,000 mobile phones in Canada and 111,000 in the United States. We enter into master sales arrangements with carriers (including channel partners contributing over 53% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022) under which our partners purchase our solutions for distribution on a purchase order basis. Under these arrangements, we and the channel partners determine sales channel distribution in connection with pricing (including any discounts and price protection) and market positioning of each particular mobile phone product. We also offer our channel partners channel marketing and other promotional incentives, such as sales volume incentives, in exchange for retail price reductions. We may also offer Non-Recurring Engineering, or NRE services in the form of third-party design services relating to the design of materials and software licenses used in the manufacturing of our products. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 83% and 76% respectively, of our revenues were derived from our top four customers. In 2022, 42% of our revenues were from our new tablet product that had only one customer. We expect our revenues to continue to be heavily concentrated among our top customers, and the loss of, or significant reduction in orders from, any of these customers could significantly reduce our revenues and adversely impact our operating result. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our revenue was $69.8 million and $54.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our net loss was $14.1 million and $38.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, revenues from our top four customers were $58 million and $42 million, respectively. 2 Our Industry Communication, data collection, productivity and safety among task workers has always been a central requirement in business-critical and mission-critical environments. Organizations with remote and disparate workers—from police and firefighters to construction, oil rig, logistics and manufacturing workers—need an extremely durable solution that provides reliable and secure voice, data and workflow applications. Historically, task workers had limited options, and in many cases resorted to using pen and paper. In the 1930s, public safety organizations introduced LMR networks that enabled PTT services, allowing workers to instantly and reliably initiate communications. In the 1970s, proprietary bar code scanners and other proprietary single-purpose tools were introduced to assist task workers in accomplishing specific tasks. In addition, in the mid- 1990s, Nextel’s iDEN service provided organizations the benefits of PTT without the upfront equipment and infrastructure investments required with LMR. The advent and proliferation of LTE and advancements in smartphone technologies led to the start of the decommissioning of the Nextel iDEN network in the United States by Sprint in 2013. These developments paved the way for commercial wireless carriers to deliver mobility solutions that enhance the speed, reliability and durability of those offered by traditional LMR networks and other proprietary devices and applications. The global market for rugged devices continues to grow and we believe that the use of consumer phones in line-of-business applications provides an attractive market opportunity. Ruggedized mobile phones are well suited for industrial enterprise and other critical infrastructure applications due to their durability and functionality in a range of environments. Equipping workers with smarter mobile phones also helps enable more efficient communication with and between field employees and enhance the information that decision-makers use to deploy resources within their organizations. The PTT over cellular network market, such as rugged phones on LTE with integrated PTT functions, has been steadily growing, in part as a replacement for aging LMR systems. The migration of a large base of legacy Windows-based handheld devices to Android continues to be a growth driver for rugged devices. The core Sonim business has always been in the rugged space. Nevertheless, as there have been changes in market dynamics recently given LG’s exit and the desire to move away from Chinese OEM’s, we are moving towards evolving our expertise in rugged handsets into a consumer durable line of products which will include 5G handsets as well as mobile hotspots and solutions for fixed wireless access. It is estimated that 87 million Americans have damaged their smartphones in the last 12 months. Sonim plans to bring our expertise in rugged design into the consumer arena with competitively priced, attractively designed consumer products that have the added benefit of durability to help prevent screen breakage and a higher level of water resistance (IPx ratings). The target market is price-conscious consumers that want more protection for their devices without the cost and look of a more rugged device. A main component of our expansion strategy will be in the area of Connected Solutions which encompasses mobile hotspots and fixed wireless access solutions. With competition exiting the carrier space as well as non-competitively priced products in the market, Sonim believes that this space is a great opportunity for expansion. Sonim plans to address these segments with feature-rich devices that are competitively priced. The mobile hotspot segment has millions of LTE devices that customers will be upgrading to 5G as the cost of the devices becomes more affordable. The fixed wireless access segment is a greenfield opportunity for wireless operators to establish new revenue streams with their customers. It is in both of these areas that Sonim plans to gain market share. In 2022, we introduced our tablet product that is responsible for 42% of our revenue in 2022. We will continue to sell tablets in 2023 and will develop additional products to diversify our portfolio. Industrial Enterprise Market Opportunity Within the industrial enterprise market, we primarily focus on providing our solutions for business-critical tasks. In the United States and Canada there are task workers across verticals in our industrial enterprise end market, including transportation and logistics, construction, manufacturing, facilities management and energy and utility, who could benefit from our products. The extreme durability, and enhanced voice and text communication capabilities of our devices, enable these workers to be stationed in remote and hazardous environments, while remaining connected to their central command center at all times. The functionality and durability requirements for workers in the industrial enterprise market significantly differ from that provided by a consumer-focused mobile device. Our solutions provide enterprises with the ability to centrally manage, and control device functions and data stored on the phone remotely. Enterprises seeking to reduce their operating expenses by optimizing workflows can enhance their workers’ productivity by leveraging specialized, purpose-built rugged platforms with functions such as PTT, location tracking and extra-loud audio. These features are especially crucial for business-critical applications across the industrial enterprise. 3 Public Sector Market Opportunities Historically, U.S. public safety agencies and other critical infrastructure entities like utilities and municipalities have utilized rugged two-way radios running on proprietary LMR networks to ensure reliable and immediate communication. As these closed networks were locally funded, built and controlled, they were designed not to be interoperable across cities and states and other agencies. Over time, these users have incrementally augmented their LMR radios with mobile devices running on commercial wireless networks. These mobile devices enabled public-safety officers to gather real-time information, collected across multiple systems, and to respond and react to changing circumstances. On September 11, 2001, many firefighters perished in part due to the lack of interoperability between the LMR systems of the multiple responding agencies in New York City and surrounding areas. Additionally, commercial cellular communications were halted due to the significant increase in call volumes. Based on the 9/11 Commission Report’s recommendations, Congress passed legislation in 2012 to establish the First Responder Network Authority under the Department of Commerce, which was tasked with deploying a nationwide public safety broadband network. In March 2017, the Department of Commerce and the First Responder Network Authority awarded AT&T a contract to build, maintain and operate a nationwide high-speed broadband network for public safety, or FirstNet, for 25 years. The contract provides AT&T with 20 MHz of spectrum and $7 billion in funding to support this network and established subscriber targets, milestone buildouts and disincentive fees to help ensure that AT&T fulfills its commitments to public safety. The contract also provides AT&T a 25-year lease of FirstNet Band 14 spectrum subject to AT&T enlisting a minimum number of emergency responders across the United States. As of December 2022, FirstNet (Built with AT&T) had signed approximately 24,000 public safety agencies, representing approximately 4.4 million FirstNet connections. Due to AT&T’s focus on growing its number of public safety users, other major U.S. wireless carriers including T-Mobile and Verizon have been focused on establishing and defending their market positions, creating a highly competitive market for public safety users among the major U.S. wireless carriers. We introduced our first devices that supported FirstNet, XP8 and XP5s, in the first quarter of 2018, and XP3 the second quarter of 2019. We launched the next generation of these three devices, the XP10 in the fourth quarter of 2022, the XP5plus in the second quarter of 2022, and the XP3plus in 2021. Through our partnerships with wireless carriers that provide FirstNet and similar networks, as well as wireless carriers seeking to obtain market share through other dedicated cellular networks, we believe we are in a strong position to provide our ruggedized solutions through these channel partners to the public safety market as these competing public safety networks mature. We intend to continue to leverage our access to end customers and end users on public safety networks to increase brand awareness and become the favored provider for ruggedized solutions across the public safety market generally. We believe that the general momentum to convert to cellular based systems from LMR, either dedicated or prioritized for public safety, is a global trend as Western European countries and Australia are considering similar wireless networks. Consumer Durable Market The combined mobile phone market between the U.S. and Canada is estimated to grow to 358 million users in 2023. While the majority of this market has been dominated by Apple and Samsung, there is still a need for more durable, lower cost options for more budget-conscious users. In the past this was usually accomplished by providing a durable case that was both an additional cost to the end consumer as well as adding bulk to the device for added protection. Additionally, consumers would need to sign up for costly service plans to replace cracked screens, the most common repair for smartphones. Sonim believes there is a significant opportunity to bring our expertise in ruggedized design to this market for a lower cost, more streamlined design that will provide added protection against cracked screens and water damage without the higher cost, service plans or bulk of a durable accessory. The target market for a consumer durable device is quite expansive. While we see this segment as a natural extension of our expertise in ultra- rugged devices, the devices are meant for consumers as a lower cost, high-value option with all the expected features of a consumer device and the added protection of key rugged features. Some examples include: a busy budget-conscious mom on the go, an avid hiker who is an outdoor enthusiast, and a task worker supervisor that doesn’t necessarily need an ultra-rugged device but needs something more durable that will not need to be constantly replaced for screen breaks due to the nature of their activities. 4 Connected Solutions Market The combined mobile hotspot market in the U.S. and Canada is estimated to be 3.5 million new devices in 2023. This is split between LTE and 5G devices with most of the LTE devices being supplied by Asian suppliers and the 5G devices being supplied by U.S. suppliers. With some U.S. suppliers changing their corporate focus, there is a void in quality suppliers that are focused on the mobile hotspot market. There is also a shift in focus from the U.S. and Canadian operators with an effort to minimize the non-5G devices put onto their networks. Sonim believes that there is a significant opportunity to address this market with affordably priced products and take advantage of the LTE to 5G upgrade cycle. As 5G device costs continue to erode, the percentage of 5G devices should greatly increase compared to LTE devices. The combined fixed wireless access market in the U.S. and Canada is estimated to be 4 to 5 million new devices in 2023. The vast majority of these devices are 5G. Mobile network operators are focused on this segment as one of the pillars to achieve new revenue streams from customers as the mobile phone market becomes more saturated. Most of the competition in this segment comes from Asian ODMs. This is a reflection of the economics needed to make their fixed wireless access business work. There is an opportunity for Sonim to provide a U.S.-based alternative that is at comparable prices. This will greatly ease the burden on operators to deal with Asian suppliers as well as to alleviate geopolitical risks. Original Design Manufacturing (“ODM”) Business Model Our new tablet products represent our entry into the ODM business. In this model, we identify a customer, design a product to meet their needs, outsource the production to a third-party partner, and manage the production and quality control of the product. We use our expertise and experience to efficiently and quickly develop new products that are designed based on a customer’s specifications. The model allows us to reduce our risk by preventing us from having to commit resources for the development, production, and the financing of the raw materials and inventory. We are able to efficiently scale production without committing additional resources. We expect to continue to sell products through this ODM model. Our Ruggedized Solution ● Durability and reliability. Our mobile phones can withstand a variety of harsh environments and are supported by our industry-leading three-year comprehensive manufacturer’s warranty, which includes physical damage. Key features of our rugged devices include: ● Puncture, shock, pressure and drop and impact resistance. Durable rubber and Gorilla Glass construction to protect against damage from sharp objects, falls, vigorous movements and compression by heavy weights. ● Waterproof and dustproof construction. Reinforced seals and waterproof mesh membranes to prevent potential damage caused by moisture and debris. ● Multi-shift battery life. Replaceable battery designed to provide sufficient power to last through a dual eight-hour shift in most real-world conditions. ● Extra-loud audio. Produces high sound quality at high volumes and uses noise cancellation technology for loud background noise environments. ● Glove-friendly design. Screens and buttons responsive to touch through gloves and water. ● Operational in and resistant to extreme temperatures. Protective exterior prevents damage to our devices’ hardware from very cold and hot temperatures. ● Chemical resistance. Ability to effectively sterilize and sanitize, regardless of potential contaminants. ● Increased communication and visibility through an enterprise. Our solutions are used to track locations, update and manage various tasks and enable communication with and between task workers. For example, location tracking and data analytics enable fleet optimization, help enterprises make asset allocation and deployment decisions and ensure that fleets are at the right place at the right time. In addition, our solutions are specifically designed to capture, store and analyze multiple data types for enterprise needs, enabling them to make decisions. For example, by leveraging this data, task workers such as first responders can more strategically plan their logistics resulting in decreased response times. Finally, by providing a reliable mode of communication between employees, supervisors and command centers, those not in the field have crucial insight into the status and performance of task workers in the field. This can also result in improved safety for employees that work in high-risk environments. ● Enhanced functionality through software and hardware configurations. Our solutions allow end customers and task workers to customize our mobile phones using Android-based applications and vertical- specific accessories to address their varying needs. Enterprises and agencies can leverage the millions of applications available on the Google Play Store, our dozens of device-specific APIs, and our industrial accessories to create a purpose-built solution to meet the specific use cases of their task workers. For example, school bus operators can combine our ruggedized phones, an industrial mounting kit, a PTT application that leverages our APIs and a location-tracking application to ensure that they have a solution that enables constant communication with dispatchers that is compliant with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s hands-free driving regulations and that can also automatically alert parents of route delays. The ability for enterprises and agencies to customize their solutions allows their task workers to use a single device for tasks that would previously require multiple and often more costly devices. 5 ● Ease of use. Our devices are designed to look and function similarly to the latest generation of consumer-focused mobile phones with additional features for various enterprise-specific purposes, and also run on the Android operating system which has a familiar and intuitive interface. They provide familiar characteristics to many single-purpose devices, such as dedicated physical buttons for PTT and barcode scanning and offer a simplified user interface which helps minimize the learning curve for task workers who are transitioning from LMR or data capture devices. Furthermore, all of our mobile phones come equipped with our SonimWare software, which helps IT administrators more quickly provision and deploy our devices to task workers, reducing the cost and effort associated with converting to our solutions. ● Consolidation of devices. A large number of devices can lead to excess bulk carried by task workers and can inhibit their mobility in the field. These specialized devices can also be expensive and typically require full replacement after end-of-life, which can be a cumbersome and costly process. By combining commonly used applications and functionality into one ruggedized device with the option for add-ons, enterprises can reduce the need for multiple, single-purpose devices. We believe that replacing outdated single-purpose devices with a Sonim device can enhance fleets’ mobility and economically streamline equipment updates or replacements. As a result of these key attributes, we believe that our ruggedized, purpose-built mobile phones can increase the productivity of task workers and significantly reduce total cost of ownership for entities deploying our solutions. Our Strategy The three pillars of our go-forward strategy are as follows: ● Address growing market demand in the consumer market for high quality, lower cost, attractively designed handsets that include key rugged features such as reinforced housings to prevent screen breakage and higher water ingress ratings to better protect devices from costly damage by leveraging the company’s experience and expertise in rugged phone design. ● Approach the data device and connected solutions market with feature-rich devices that are affordably priced and leverage the company’s high-quality approach to product design and procurement. ● Maintain our leadership position in rugged enterprise and public sector markets. Our strategy includes the following: ● Reorganize Company to achieve growth and profitability. Since July 2022, our management team has endeavored to reorganize the Company into a leaner, lower cost organization to reach profitability. The Company has streamlined operational processes, enhanced cored competencies such as carrier certification and design engineering, and partnered with ODM partners to leverage their supply chain efficiency and design resources. We have also relocated our headquarters from Austin, Texas to San Diego California. We believe that the restructuring will allow the Company to reach profitability. ● Invest in sales channel partnerships and brand marketing to drive sales. Our channel partners are leading global wireless carriers, distributors of data devices, communications system integrators and electronics resellers. These channel partners have large sales forces who sell our solutions to end customers in our target markets. They enable us to cost-effectively scale our business without employing a large direct sales force of our own. Our expansion into the consumer durable and connected solutions markets opens up opportunities with additional carrier partners globally. While our rugged product line was primarily targeted towards a post-paid plan user, consumer durable devices will expand our reach into pre-paid markets with large subscriber bases that are intended for a more cost-conscious user. We believe that our investment in marketing the Sonim brand and our solutions to end customers in target markets helps to raise brand awareness, deepen existing channel partnerships, and acquire and retain new channel and end customers for our solutions. ● Expand Sonim into the consumer durable market. The current consumer market has many choices in the premium category with high end features. The mid-low tier markets often sacrifice many of these features for a lower price point. We believe we can bridge the gap between the premium category and the mid-low tier segments through our ability to bring key rugged features in a consumer-friendly design at a lower cost. This will eliminate the need for costly service plans as well as rugged accessories. We will focus on multiple price points that focus on best-in-class specifications as compared to current competitors. Key consumer specifications will be screen sized, camera and memory. Added rugged features include reinforced housings to minimize screen breaks, IP68 ratings or higher, and extended battery life. ● Sonim value proposition for data devices. The data device market differs greatly from the mobile phone market in that devices are ranged by operators and customers have little choice in the device that they can buy from the operators. Sonim’s strategy with the operators is to offer feature-rich devices that are priced at a level that allows those operators to sell the devices to a wider market than previous 5G devices that had higher prices. The data devices offer customers the ability to get fast data speeds paired with ultra-low latency. The speeds associated with 5G are comparable and frequently faster than what customers are used to with their existing wireline solutions. ● Provide development and manufacturing services for data devices including a tablet product. The Company has successfully development and shipped a tablet product since the third quarter of 2022. The strategy has enhanced and grown our internal competence for data products, increased revenue in addition to our ruggedized phone products, and has diversified our product lines to reduce business risks. 6 ● Position Sonim as the leading solution for the public sector. We believe that we are at the forefront of a public safety market that has a current need for dedicated cellular networks, such as AT&T’s FirstNet, prioritized networks, such as those provided by Verizon, and the devices that enable their use. We intend to leverage the deployment of our solutions over dedicated and prioritized LTE cellular in the public safety market to further position us as a trusted global solution. As public safety agencies continue to shift to these dedicated cellular networks, we intend to deliver mobility solutions to increase security, safety and efficiency. ● Position Sonim as a leading solution for industrial workers and logistics. Workers need reliable communications and data collection tools. We believe that our devices will provide not only the functionality that workers need, but also the ruggedness to ensure uptime and reduce loss of productivity due to device breakage. As businesses see the increasing productivity that mobile devices provide for their workers, we believe that they will further value rugged devices as a means of ensuring the ongoing benefit of computerization. Our Target Markets We believe that our solutions can improve communication reliability, operational efficiency and safety for end customers and task workers in commercial sectors, public sectors, and for individual retail customers. Our ruggedized mobility solutions target three end markets: industrial enterprise, public sector, and consumers that demand a more durable product. Industrial Enterprise Transportation and Logistics. Enterprises and fleet workers across supply chain, delivery services and field management rely on mobile devices to operate safely and efficiently in environments that are often susceptible to inclement weather. For enterprises looking to improve supply chain functionality, our mobile resource management applications such as location tracking, mileage tracking, and job dispatch can help businesses monitor operations more efficiently. We believe that a weather-resistant and long-battery ruggedized device, combined with productivity applications and services with the native camera on our XP10 smartphone—provides reliable communication options for transportation and logistics workers. In addition, our solutions reduce the number of devices and tools that these task workers would need to carry in the field by consolidating the functionality of multiple single-purpose devices into one purpose-built mobile device. Construction. We offer workers in the construction industry crush-, puncture-, scratch- and impact-resistant devices, which we believe to be crucial in environments where there is a high risk of such occurrences. Jobsites also value the PTT capabilities that are tightly integrated into Sonim devices. Additionally, we believe our phones and related accessories help promote worker safety and productivity, with support for lone-worker safety applications and with features such as extended battery life and extra loud- speakers. For business decision-makers, we offer devices with consolidated functionality, which enables a total cost of ownership that we believe is significantly lower versus comparable offerings that enable real-time reporting. This can help eliminate costly delays by capturing verbal, visual and location data from job sites more efficiently. Manufacturing. As market demand and competition in the manufacturing sector require more nimble production lines, equipment for reliable communication and safety standard compliance are necessary to improve efficiency and keep workers safe. Our devices’ PTT functionality and extra-loud speakerphones are designed to keep lines of communication open and functional in fast-changing and loud environments, while our glove-friendly touch screen displays allow for workers to have access to real-time data, thus reducing production down time. Additionally, our devices are designed to survive blunt force and can be sanitized and sterilized for safe use in food or medical processing facilities. We believe that these features can enhance the productivity of workers in the manufacturing industry. Facilities Management. Service-based operations in large indoor and outdoor facilities require management of mobile teams. Our mobile phones consolidate radio, guard tour verification, panic button systems and scanners, which otherwise would require separate and single-purpose equipment. Our devices can improve business operations through functionalities such as automated work order dispatch and job completion verification tools delivered via proprietary third-party applications integrated with our devices. Energy and Utilities. The safety standards for mobile phones used in the energy and utility industry are more stringent due to the reactive characteristics of the natural resources being procured and serviced, as well as the potentially high-voltage or explosive environments. We believe we are uniquely positioned to serve these workers because a number of our devices are designed for use in potentially explosive or hazardous environments (rated Non-Incendive or Intrinsically Safe by either the CSA Group, ATEX or IECEx notified bodies), and their resistance to various chemicals and extreme temperatures. Reliable communication devices are often mission- critical for workers to stay safe while performing energy- and utility-related operations. 7 Public Sector Public Safety. In the United States, AT&T’s FirstNet network and Verizon’s public safety prioritization provide optimized networks for this sector. Through our partnerships with the major wireless carriers, we believe we are in a strong position to provide mission-critical solutions to the public safety market as public safety networks mature. Through enhanced communication capabilities, we believe our devices can decrease the response time of first responders and help public safety workers stay safe and connected in hazardous, isolated or emergency conditions. We believe that the durability of our phones combined with their purpose-built functionality, provide a lower total cost of ownership compared to similar products, which is highly attractive to city and state decision-makers. Federal Government. Whether during natural disasters or day-to-day operations, we believe our devices help provide functionality and reliability that is crucial for federal workers to protect and serve their nation. Our mobile solutions support purpose-built voice communications and data capture applications that allow federal workers to stay connected and quickly make more informed decisions while in the field. Consumer Durables Everyday consumers and small business users. As consumers grow more reliant upon mobile devices to support all of our daily activities, mobile devices are now more than ever being placed into situations and environments that are more prone to physical damage including screen breakage and water damage. Sonim believes that this market is currently underserved with only higher cost devices offering the features that are needed. Sonim’s value proposition will be to offer an overall lower total cost of ownership as a consumer will not need to lose valuable downtime and money repairing or replacing their device as often as other devices in the market. Data Devices Mobile hotspots are used by businesses, government employees and consumers. Having the ability to access the internet in a secure way wherever the customers go is essential to many users. Whether it is a salesperson visiting their customers, a police officer using their computer in their patrol car, a student working on a paper or a family going on vacation, the need for reliable internet has become a necessity in today’s world. With the fast speed and low latency associated with 5G, there will be new devices and applications that will rely on this technology. Mobile hotspots provide the perfect vehicle for taking advantage of these features. Fixed wireless access provides an economical way for operators to quickly deploy internet to new customers as compared to digging up roads and laying cable or fiber. This service is used by businesses and consumers alike. Historically internet connectivity was effectively a monopoly business with major fixed wireline operators dividing up the country. Consumers had little choice when it came to options for internet service. With 5G, wireless operators are using fixed wireless access as a way to add new revenue streams to their businesses. Additionally, fixed wireline operators are using fixed wireless access as a way to quickly deploy to new areas. Tablets are an example of a data device that we developed for a customer. The tablets are imported to the U.S., branded, and sold to a U.S. retailer. The tablets have a lower selling price and a lower margin than our other devices, but we have increased revenue by scaling the volume to meet our customers’ needs. The tablets have no inventory risk to the Company and are accretive to our net income. We will continue to look for opportunities to develop new products to meet customer’s needs. We will utilize our design, engineering, and production experience to increase the Company’s profitability. 8 Products and Technology Features of Our Ruggedized Mobile Phones Our mobile phones can withstand a variety of harsh environments and are supported by our industry-leading three-year comprehensive manufacturer’s warranty for our ultra- rugged devices. We developed our devices to meet industry standards for protection from the ingress of water and/or micro-particles (IEC standard 60529). Our devices are rated a minimum of IP-68, allowing them to be submersed in up to six and a half feet of water for up to 30 minutes, and our XP10 smartphone has been further tested and certified to withstand sprays of high-pressure streams (up to 1,450 PSI) of hot (80°C) water (IPx9K). We have additionally designed and manufactured our devices to withstand repeated drops to concrete across all angles and faces, attaining MIL-STD-810G ratings and, in 2011, earning the Sonim XP3300 the title of World’s Toughest Phone by the Guinness Book of World Records after surviving a fall from 82 feet 11.7 inches to concrete. Engineered with a protective glass lens that is up to three times thicker than that of other cellular devices in the market and a unique blend of plastic and rubber used in the housings, our ultra-rugged mobile phones are designed to be resistant to punctures caused by impacts from external objects up to 2J on the display lens and 4J on the housing. Furthermore, we understand that the jobs of our end users often take them into extreme environments. As a result, we have designed our devices to operate from -4°F to +131°F, be usable while wearing work gloves (glove-friendly touch display, large physical buttons), be audible in noisy environments with loud 100+ dB loudspeakers and multiple microphone noise-cancellation technology, and, for our XP5plus and XP10 phones to last throughout an average day based on ordinary use without needing to be recharged with large, extended-life batteries. We have also designed, manufactured and certified our devices to be safe for use in potentially hazardous or explosive environments. In addition, our devices provide a wide range of connectivity options for our end customers (including LTE, 3G, 4G, 5G, GSM, WiFi, NFC, location tracking and Bluetooth for certain of our devices), and our phones support a wide range of global frequencies allowing them to be used almost anywhere in the world where there is cellular coverage. Our phones are certified to work on multiple mobile network operators and come equipped with LTE Band 14 to support FirstNet (built with AT&T). We continue to explore how and when to best support the latest technologies, including 5G, and we plan to incorporate them into our product roadmap when our end market segments require such functionality, and the technology has reached a reasonable level of maturity. Our Devices Mobile Phone Products ● Sonim XP10. The Sonim XP10 is an Android-based 5G smartphone that is certified as Android Enterprise Recommended by Google. The Sonim XP10 comes equipped with a 5.5 inch durable, glove-friendly display, an ultra-rugged exterior, physical programmable buttons (including a large PTT button), and unique Secure Audio accessory ports that ensures you’re your industrial accessories stay connected at all times. The XP10 is built to meet ultra-rugged standards, including MIL-STD-810H and Non-Incendive Class I, II and III Div 2 ratings. It has been tested and can survive drops from six feet directly onto concrete, be submerged in six feet of water for 60 minutes, operate in all weather conditions from -4° F to 131° F. The XP10 comes with an improved photography experience with a dual rear 50MP standard and 8MP wide angle cameras as well as an 8MP front camera. The device also includes preloaded SonimWare Enterprise Mobility Software to help customers deploy mobile devices faster as well as manage and support users in the field to increase productivity and improve safety. As of December 31, 2022, XP10 is available at AT&T, Bell Mobility and Telus with additional customers planned to launch in Q1 2023. We are expecting many of our loyal XP8 customers to upgrade to XP10 as they transition to 5G devices. ● Sonim XP5plus. The Sonim XP5plus is a purpose-built 4G feature phone designed for task workers who have a “no frills” attitude about their communications tool. It comes equipped with a 2.8 inch non-touch display, dual front-facing loudspeakers, a large PTT button, and the Secure Audio connector ports, enabling full access to our complete ecosystem of industrial accessories. The new XP5plus was designed for critical communications and includes many features that enhance the Push-to-Talk (PTT) experience. At the top of its long list of new features is a version with two easy-to-use control knobs – for channel select and volume control. PTT can now be accessed without users ever taking their eyes off the mission in front of them. As of December 31, 2022, the XP5plus is available at AT&T, Bell Mobility and Telus. We also have an unlocked version available to our European and North American customers. ● Sonim XP3plus. The Sonim XP3plus is a 4G feature phone in a clamshell form factor that offers our customers a cost-effective voice and/or PTT solution without distracting end users from doing their jobs with things like an application store or email. Built with an over-sized PTT button, a physical numeric keypad and a loud front- facing speaker, the Sonim XP3plus delivers a reliable voice-centric experience to those who operate in industrial environments. As of December 31st, XP3plus is available at Verizon, T-Mobile, Bell Mobility and Telus with additional customers expected to launch in 2023. There is also an unlocked version for our North American and European customers. Sonim recently announced the integration of NextNav Pinnacle vertical location, or z-axis capabilities, into XP3plus, making it the first Sonim feature phone available with these capabilities. By leveraging NextNav’s Pinnacle 911 to deliver reliable and consistent z-axis capabilities nationwide, floor-level altitude measurements will greatly enhance the ability of public safety answering points (PSAPs) to accurately identify the indoor location of wireless E911 callers. Dispatchers will be able to more precisely locate where a caller is by adding the vertical dimension alongside their horizontal location of latitude and longitude, and in turn more quickly get callers the help they need. NextNav’s technology has demonstrated floor-level accuracy 94 percent of the time in independent testing conducted in 2018 by the CTIA. Tablets In the third quarter of 2022 we expanded our product line to tablets as an interim strategy to diversify our business and to grow revenue. We can further enhance and grow our internal competencies as we start to broaden our portfolio. We expect to offer additional data devices in the future. Accessories Our portfolio of industrial-grade accessories extends beyond the traditional consumer cellular ecosystem of wall chargers and cases. We work with a number of accessory manufacturers and design partners to deliver innovative purpose-built accessories that enhance the functionality and usability of our devices. Our audio accessories take advantage of our SecureAudio Connector, which allows for accessories, like a Remote Speaker Microphone, or RSM, to be physically secured to the device via a screw mechanism that prevents accidental disconnection. Our multi-bay charging accessories allow for enterprises and agencies to charge multiple devices at once via a single unit, ensuring that at the start of a shift, the device is fully charged and ready to go. We also support a wide range of in-vehicle solutions that enable hands-free voice communications for those end users who work from the road. 9 SonimWare Software In addition to the ecosystem of Android developers and their applications, which are supported on our devices, we provide a suite of applications and tools that help customers manage, deploy and support their Sonim devices. The capabilities of these software applications differentiate us from many rugged vendors that only focus on hardware. Current capabilities include: ● Sonim Setup Wizard allows provisioning teams to rapidly customize and deploy large number of devices with less manual work and fewer errors. ● Sonim SafeGuard lets user administrators block usage of selected apps and features, ensuring only those critical to job related functions and cost requirements are used. We are looking to expand the functionality of SafeGuard to extend to the consumer market for key features such as parental controls. ● Sonim Kiosk Mode lets user administrators configure devices with the minimum required functionality, a critical customer need in hazardous environments or anywhere that user safety is paramount. ● Scout App Updater lets administrators control when and where updates are sent to users’ phones. ● Sonim SOS provides emergency alert capabilities for users of Sonim devices to help ensure worker and job-site safety. Additionally, given recent events that highlight school safety concerns, we are working on implementing this solution in our consumer handset line as well as our data solutions products. Sales and Marketing As of December 31, 2022, our sales and marketing team consisted of 11 professionals located in the United States, Canada and Europe. We sell our products directly to wireless carriers, through distributors and resellers and directly to end customers. Our marketing efforts consist of product marketing, channel partner/carrier marketing and corporate marketing. Product marketing focuses on ensuring that carrier requirements related to product specifications are in-line with our brand requirements. Channel partner marketing focuses on go-to-market strategy as well as developing supplemental sales tools, carrier and non-carrier marketing campaigns, industry trade show materials and brand awareness. Corporate marketing consists of public relations, social and digital marketing and lead generation operations. Manufacturing We have outsourced the manufacturing and the final assembly to third-party ODM partners for our new phones and tablets in 2022. The Company managed the material purchases, production, and quality control that was performed by a manufacturing partner for legacy phones through August of 2022. Competition We operate in a highly competitive environment serving end customers in the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. These markets are highly fragmented, evolving and increasingly competitive. Competition in our industry is intense and has been characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, significant barriers to entry in the form of carrier certification requirements, frequent new product introductions, annual operating system changes and rapid changes in end user requirements. Non-rugged mobile device manufacturers have not historically created devices specifically to compete in the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. These manufacturers typically focus on a different consumer audience and the requirements to manufacture ruggedized phones differ significantly from their core products. Nevertheless, we face competition from manufacturers of non-rugged mobile phones such as Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd, or Samsung. to the extent end users decide to purchase traditional devices and add a rugged case for use in environments that we believe are better suited for purpose built ruggedized mobile phones. We also face competition from manufacturers of rugged mobile phones such as Samsung, Bullitt Mobile Ltd. and Kyocera Corporation as well as from large system integrators and manufacturers of private and public wireless network equipment and devices. Competitors in this space include Harris Corporation, JVC KENWOOD Corporation, Motorola Solutions, Inc. and Tait International Limited. 10 We believe the principal competitive factors affecting the market for our products are the products’ performance, features (including security features), quality, design innovation, reliability, price, customer service, reputation in the industry, brand loyalty and a strong third-party software and accessories ecosystem. We believe that our strongest competitive advantages are our products’ durability and reputation in the industry, as well as the push to talk capabilities not available in all competitive devices. Additionally, we believe our XP10 rugged smartphone is one of the most rugged smartphones made anywhere in the world and it is consequently able to be fully sterilized and cleaned. In order to compete, we will be required to continue to respond promptly and effectively to the challenges of technological changes and our competitors’ innovations. With regard to competition from LMR providers, traditional LMR providers have chosen to not fully enter the LTE market primarily to avoid harming their significant existing LMR business. For example, certain major LMR providers have historically achieved over $3.0 billion in annual revenues from device sales. Further, these LMR providers typically do not have stocked products with major U.S. and Canadian wireless carriers. Achieving stocked product status with the wireless carriers requires that a manufacturer incur substantial cost and maintain technical know-how regarding carrier certification requirements. Intellectual Property Our competitiveness and future success are dependent on our ability to protect our own proprietary technology and to access other important intellectual property. We protect our freedom to operate in the markets and mitigate intellectual property costs by proactively securing licenses with key patent holders, filing our own patents, trademarks, and copyrights and participating in defensive patent pools. As of December 31, 2022, we held 17 utility and design patents in the United States and 11 outside the United States and have filed 1 utility and design patent applications in the United States. We also have contractual rights to standard essential patents for 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G wireless technologies, some of which require significant royalty payments. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we held 16 trademarks in the United States and 17 trademarks outside the United States and have filed 9 trademark applications in the United States and 11 outside the United States. We opportunistically negotiate licenses with other patent holders where appropriate for our technology. Our products are built to conform to wireless standards which are covered by numerous essential patents held by third parties. Our wireless carriers require us to provide patent indemnification for the products we sell to them, and in turn we secure intellectual property indemnification from our suppliers. We do not believe that our products infringe on the proprietary rights of any third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that third parties will not claim such infringement by us or our channel partners and end customers with respect to current or future products. In the past, we have had third parties assert exclusive patent or other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into a royalty or licensing agreement, any of which could delay the development and commercialization of our products. Our smartphone devices use the standard Android operating system and our feature phones use an operating system based on the Android Open Source Project. We additionally integrate third-party licensed software on commercially reasonable terms. Several Android-based apps and extension enablers of Android are developed internally by our employees. Certain License Agreements In January 2017, we entered into an amended and restated global patent license agreement, as amended in December 2018, or the Ericsson Agreement, with Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Publ), or Ericsson, pursuant to which Ericsson granted us a license under certain Ericsson patents to manufacture and sell mobile phones that comply with certain telecommunications standards. Under the agreement, we made a one-time payment to Ericsson to partially settle royalty arrears and are obligated to pay Ericsson (i) single-digit U.S. dollar amounts per unit, which amounts are based on the particular product sold and the standards with which such products are compliant, and (ii) quarterly payments to cover the remaining royalty arrears. The Ericsson Agreement continues until January 1, 2024, unless terminated earlier by the parties. Ericsson has the right to terminate in the event (i) we materially breach the agreement and do not cure such breach within 30 days, or (ii) in the event of a change of control of our company, where the successor does not agree to the terms of the agreement. Further, Ericsson may terminate certain rights under the agreement with respect to third-party manufacturers if a third-party manufacturer files an infringement suit relating to any patents owned by Ericsson. 11 Legislation and Regulation Wireless communication devices use radio spectrum, which is regulated by government agencies throughout the world. In the United States, use of spectrum is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, or NTIA, for non-federal government entities and federal government entities, respectively. The FCC and NTIA allocate spectrum for various uses, including commercial wireless services and public safety services, and regulate the use of that spectrum and the devices, such as our products, that operate on that spectrum. The FCC and NTIA also adopt requirements that affect wireless equipment, such as limits on radio emissions and rules requiring that handsets have specified capabilities, such as providing location information to 911 operators. The FCC also regulates the testing and certification for the import and/or sale of certain wireless devices. Other countries also have regulatory bodies that define and implement the rules for using radio spectrum, pursuant to their respective national laws and international coordination under the International Telecommunications Union. Our ability to manufacture and sell products in other countries could be affected by such rules. In addition, any significant variations between the rules in the United States and rules in other countries, including differences in available spectrum bands for wireless communication, could increase the costs of designing and manufacturing our products. Research and Development We allocate significant resources and funds to developing robust and innovative solutions for the end users of our products and ensuring that these solutions meet their exacting requirements for functionality and reliability. Our research and development initiatives are led by our internal teams and are supported by third-party original design manufacturers as needed. Our product management team and our sales and marketing team spend time interacting with a combination of end users and IT administrators in our target markets, wireless carriers and application and accessory ecosystem partners to better understand the market requirements for our solutions. Once defined, our engineering organization develops and tests the solution against these requirements and works to achieve technical certification and approval from the wireless carriers which allows the solutions to be sold to our end users. Employees We have 54 full time employees and 23 contractors as of December 31, 2022. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good. Available Information Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are filed with the Securities Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The SEC’s website is www.sec.gov. Our website provides a link to our SEC filings, which are available free of charge on the same day such filings are made. The specific location on the website where these reports can be found is ir.sonimtech.com The information contained on the websites referenced in this Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, the Company’s references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only. 12 Item 1A. Risk Factors. Investing in our securities involves a great deal of risk. Careful consideration should be made of the following factors as well as other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before deciding to purchase our securities. There are many risks that affect our business and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be significantly harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks that we do not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may also affect our business and results of operations. Risks Related to Our Business Our consolidated financial statements included a statement that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and a continuation of negative financial trends could result in our inability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, were prepared on the assumption that we would continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, did not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. As a result of our ongoing net losses, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern over the next twelve months. The reaction of investors to our potential inability to continue as a going concern, could materially adversely affect the price of our common stock. Additionally, if our projected operating results fail to improve, our liquidity could be further adversely impacted, and we may need to seek additional sources of funding. We are actively pursuing expanding our business and increasing our revenue opportunities while effectively managing business operations and exploring further cost saving opportunities. We may not be successful in these efforts, in which case, we may need to seek to raise additional capital from the sale of equity securities or the incurrence of indebtedness to allow us to invest in growth opportunities. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, if we issue additional equity securities to raise funds, whether to existing investors or others, the ownership percentage of our existing stockholders would be reduced. New investors may demand rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. We may also be limited as to the amount of funds we can raise pursuant to SEC rules and the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq. Our liquidity has been adversely impacted by our ongoing net losses, and there is no assurance that we will have sufficient liquidity to continue operations. We have incurred significant net losses since 2013 and have an accumulated deficit of $249.9 million as of December 31, 2022. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to secure sufficient liquidity to fund our operations, including through additional capital from the sale of equity securities or financings, or that we will be able achieve profitability through cost efficiencies implemented in 2022 and 2021. If we are unable to generate or obtain the requisite amount of financing needed to fund our business operations, our liquidity and ability to continue operations could be materially adversely affected. As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce or cease our operations and we may be required to seek bankruptcy protection. We may not be able to continue to develop solutions to address user needs effectively, including our new consumer durable products, which would materially adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to continue operations. Our industry is characterized by: ● evolving industry standards; ● frequent new product and service introductions; ● evolving distribution channels; ● increasing demand for customized product and software solutions; ● rapid competitive developments; and ● changing customer demands. 13 Technological advancements could render our products obsolete, which typically erodes prices and causes products to become unmarketable. Our success will depend on our ability to respond to changing technologies and customer requirements, and our ability to develop and introduce new and enhanced products in a cost-effective and timely manner. For example, our XP3plus and XP5plus products are compatible with fourth generation, or 4G, technology, but emerging fifth generation wireless, or 5G, technology will require network infrastructure upgrades, which could require us to update and migrate all of our systems from 4G to 5G. As a result, we are currently prioritizing spending on research and development of our consumer durable mobile phones and other data devices. However, the research and development necessary to launch our new products will require us to incur additional costs and our liquidity continues to be adversely impacted by our ongoing net losses. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient resources to complete the development of our new products and bring them to market. Even if we are able to introduce our new ruggedized mobile phones to the market, there can be no assurance that these new product introductions will lead to any sales or increase in revenue. If we fail to develop new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if our new products fail to achieve market acceptance, our business, operations, financial condition and liquidity would be further materially adversely affected and we may be required to delay, reduce or cease our operations and we may be required to seek bankruptcy protection. Further, the development of new or enhanced products is a complex and uncertain process requiring the accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. We may experience design, manufacturing, marketing, and other difficulties that could delay or prevent the development, introduction or marketing of our new products and enhancements. If we experience delays with new products, if our expectations regarding market demand and direction are incorrect, if sales of our existing products begin to decline more rapidly, or if the rate of decline continues to exceed the rate of growth of our next generation products, it will materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, and may require us to significantly reduce or even eliminate certain research and development programs. We are dependent on the continued services and performance of a concentrated and limited group of senior management and other key personnel, the loss of any of whom could adversely impact our business. Our future success depends in large part on the continued contributions of a concentrated and limited group of senior management and other key personnel. As previously disclosed, beginning in 2021, we outsourced substantially all of our software development and manufacturing work to third parties and, as part of these outsourcings, we transferred or eliminated a significant number of employees. As of December 31, 2022, our worldwide employee headcount was 54 employees. Due to the small size of our Company and our limited number of employees, each member of our executives, managers and other key personnel serves a critical role to our success. If we are unable to retain sufficiently experienced and capable employees, including those who can help us increase revenues generated from our end market segments, our business and financial results may suffer. The loss of the services of any additional executives, managers or other key personnel could impede the achievement of our strategic objectives, seriously harm our ability to successfully implement our business strategy and adversely impact our operating results. In addition, if additional executives, managers or other key personnel resign, retire or are terminated, or their service is otherwise interrupted, including due to COVID-19, we may not be able to replace them in a timely manner and we could experience significant declines in productivity and/or errors due to insufficient staffing or managerial oversight. Moreover, experienced and capable employees in the technology industry remain in high demand, and there is continual competition for their talents. Given our size, we may be at a disadvantage, relative to our larger competitors, in the competition for these personnel. 14 We have not been profitable in recent years and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We have incurred significant net losses since 2013 and have an accumulated deficit of $249.9 million as of December 31, 2022. We are not certain whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of sales of our products to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We also expect our costs to increase in future periods, which would negatively impact our future operating results if our revenues do not increase. In particular, we expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on: ● research and development related to our solutions, including investments in our engineering and technical teams; ● expansion of our sales and marketing efforts; ● general and administrative expenses, including legal and accounting expenses related to being, a public company; and ● continued expansion of our business. These investments may not result in increased revenues or growth in our business. Additionally, we have recently and may continue to encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If we are unable to increase our revenues at a rate sufficient to offset the expected increase in our costs, our business, operating results and financial position may be harmed, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability over the long term or continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements account for the continuation of our business as a going concern. We are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products. Our principal sources of liquidity as of December 31, 2022 consist of existing cash and cash equivalents totaling $13.2 million, which includes approximately $14.4 million in net proceeds from a new investor in July and August 2022. The cost structure of the company has been significantly reduced and many aspects of product development and operational support have been outsourced to add additional spending flexibility if needed. Existing capital at December 31, 2022 is expected to allow the company to continue operations for at least the next twelve months. If necessary, we will seek to raise additional capital from new debt. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, if we issue additional equity securities to raise funds, whether to existing investors or others, the ownership percentage of our existing stockholders would be reduced. New investors may demand rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. Additionally, we may be limited as to the amount of funds we can raise pursuant to SEC rules and the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market or Nasdaq. If we cannot grow our revenue run-rate or raise needed funds, we might be forced to make additional reductions in our operating expenses, which could adversely affect our ability to implement our business plan and ultimately our viability as a Company. We rely on our channel partners to generate a substantial majority of our revenues. If these channel partners fail to perform or if we cannot enter into agreements with channel partners on favorable terms, our operating results could be significantly harmed. A substantial portion of our revenue is generated through sales by our channel partners, which are primarily wireless carriers who sell our phones through their sales channels. To the extent our channel partners are unsuccessful in selling or do not promote our products, or we are unable to obtain and retain a sufficient number of high-quality channel partners, our business and operating results could be significantly harmed. We enter into master sales arrangements with the majority of our channel partners (including channel partners contributing approximately 53% and 89% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021) under which our partners purchase our products for distribution on a purchase order basis. While these arrangements are typically long term, they generally do not contain any firm purchase volume commitments. As a result, our channel partners are not contractually obligated to purchase from us any minimum quantity of products. We are generally required to satisfy any and all purchase orders delivered to us within specified delivery windows, with limited exceptions (such as orders significantly in excess of forecasts). If we are unable to efficiently manage our supply and satisfy purchase orders on a timely basis to our channel partners, we may be in breach of our sales arrangements and lose potential sales. Our sales arrangements also generally include technical performance standards for our mobile phones and accessories sold, which vary by channel partner. If a technical issue with any of our covered products exceeds certain preset failure thresholds for the relevant performance standard or standards, the channel partner typically has the right to cease selling the product, cancel open purchase orders and levy certain monetary penalties. If our products suffer technical issues or failures following sales to our channel partners, we may be subject to significant monetary impact and our channel partners may cease making purchase orders, which would significantly harm our business and results of operations. In addition, our channel partners retain sole discretion in which of their stocked products to offer their customers. While we may offer limited customer incentives, we generally have limited to no control over which products our channel partners decide to offer or promote, which directly impacts the number of products that our partners will purchase from us. 15 Our channel partners may be unsuccessful in marketing, selling and supporting our solutions. They may also market, sell and support solutions that are competitive with ours, and may devote more resources to the marketing, sales and support of such products. They may have incentives to promote our competitors’ products in lieu of our products, particularly for competitors who do a large volume business with the channel partner. For example, during the summer of 2019, we expected, based on input from our US wireless carrier channel partners, for such channel partners to subsidize our new products following launch, to place new releases in retail locations and to sign up push-to-talk customers to our new generation phones. In each of these cases, there were significant delays and changes in the rollout of these efforts, which negatively impacted demand for our products and thus our profitability. In the event there is not sufficient demand for our products, our channel partners may stop selling our products completely. While we employ a small direct sales force, our channel partners have significantly larger sales teams who are not contractually obligated to promote any of our devices and often have multiple competing devices in stock to offer their customers. In addition, downstream sales by our channel partners often succeed due to attractive device prices and monthly rate plans, which we do not control. In certain cases, we may promote our own devices through customer incentives, typically in exchange for retail price reductions or contributions of funds for marketing purposes; however, there can be no assurance that any such incentives would contribute to increased purchases of our products. Further, given the impact of attractive pricing on ultimate sales, we generally must offer increased promotional funding or price reductions for our more expensive products. This promotional funding or price reductions operate to reduce our margins and significantly impact our profitability. New sales channel partners, as well as sales of new products being sold by existing channel partners, may take several months or more to achieve significant sales. Our channel partner sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability and reputational harm if, for example, any of our channel partners misrepresents the functionality of our products or services to their customers or violate laws or our corporate policies. Additionally, some of our master agreements with our wireless carrier customers contain most “favored nation” clauses. These clauses typically provide that if we enter into an agreement with another wireless carrier or customer on more favorable terms, we must offer some of those terms to our existing wireless carrier customers. These provisions may obligate us to provide different, more favorable, terms to our existing wireless carrier customers, which could, if applied, result in lower revenues or otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we fail to effectively manage our existing or future sales channel partners, our channel partners fail to promote our products effectively, we are unable to meet our obligations under our sales arrangements or enter into future agreements with wireless carrier customers that have terms that are more favorable to the customer, our business and results of operations would be harmed. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 83% and 76% of our revenues respectively, were derived from our top four customers. We expect our revenues to continue to be heavily concentrated among our top customers, and the loss of, or significant reduction in orders from, any of these customers could significantly reduce our revenues and adversely impact our operating results. We currently rely on the three largest U.S. wireless carriers, and two of the three largest Canadian wireless carriers, for the majority of our revenue. We expect our revenues to remain heavily concentrated among these top wireless carriers, and we will be substantially dependent on these wireless carriers continuing to purchase and promote our products to their sales channels as well as customer demand for devices and services from these wireless carriers (factors over which we do not have any control). The communications industry is also experiencing rapid consolidation and realignment. As a result, our customers may consolidate or align with other entities in a manner that may delay orders or result in reduced demand compared to historical rates for our products. The loss of one or more of these significant customers, or reduced demand or purchases from these significant customers, would result in significant harm to our revenues and results of operations, and our growth could be limited. We are materially dependent on some customer relationships that are characterized by non-binding product award letters and the loss of such relationships could harm our business and operating results. We receive award letters or contracts from some of our customers that generally provide for the supply of a customer’s requirements for a particular product, but do not require the purchase of a product. In addition, new program launches require a significant ramp up of costs; however, the sales related to these new programs generally are dependent upon the timing and success of the introduction of our products by our customers. The loss of business with respect to, or the lack of commercial success of, a particular product for which we are a supplier could reduce our sales and thereby adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. 16 We continue to restructure and transform our business. The assumptions underlying these efforts may prove to be inaccurate, or we may fail to achieve the expected benefits from these efforts, and we may have to restructure or transform our business again in the future. In order to be successful, we must have a competitive business model which brings innovative products and services to market in a timely way. We continue to restructure and transform our business in response to changes in industry and market conditions and to focus on business simplification, quality improvement, reduced direct and indirect costs, and new revenue growth. We must manage the potentially higher growth areas of our business, which entail higher operational and financial risks, as well as the non-core areas, in order for us to achieve improved results. Our assumptions underlying these actions may not be correct, we may be unable to successfully execute these plans, and even if successfully executed, our actions may not be effective or may not lead to the anticipated benefits. As a result, we may determine that further restructuring or business transformation will be needed, which could result in the need to record further special charges such as costs associated with workforce reductions, and we may be unable to maintain or improve our market competitiveness or profitability. In connection with the transformation of our business, we have made, and will continue to make, judgments as to whether we should outsource the development and manufacturing of our products. If any of these providers experience (i) difficulties in obtaining sufficient supplies of components, (ii) component prices significantly exceeding anticipated costs, (iii) an interruption in their operations, or (iv) otherwise suffers capacity constraints, we could experience a delay in production and shipping of these products, which would have a negative impact on our revenue. Should there be any disruption in services due to natural disaster, economic or political difficulties, transportation restrictions, acts of terror, quarantines or other restrictions associated with infectious diseases, or other similar events, or any other reason, such disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business. Operating in the international outsourcing environment exposes us to certain inherent risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements and tariffs, and potentially adverse tax consequences, which could materially affect our results of operations. If these providers are unable to achieve greater operational efficiencies, delivery schedules for new product development and current product delivery could be negatively impacted. Currently, we have no second source of manufacturing for a portion of our products. In addition, switching from one provider to another is an expensive, difficult and a time-consuming process, with serious risks to our ability to successfully transfer our development and/or manufacturing operations. If overall demand for our devices increases in the future, we will need to expand our manufacturing capacity in a cost-efficient manner. Our operations, and consequently our revenues and profitability, could be materially adversely affected if we are forced to switch from any of our providers to another provider due to any of a number of factors, including financial difficulties faced by the manufacturer, disagreements in pricing negotiations between us and the manufacturer or organizational changes in the manufacturer. Further, we have made, and will continue to make, judgments as to whether we should further reduce, relocate or otherwise change our workforce We have outsourced substantially all of our manufacturing functions, software development and quality control functions to third parties, transferring the employees who previously performed this work. These reductions may have resulted in the loss of institutional knowledge and expertise and the reallocation and combination of certain roles and responsibilities across the organization, all of which could adversely affect our operations. These restructuring and additional measures we might take to reduce costs could divert management attention, yield attrition beyond our intended reduction in force, reduce employee morale, or cause us to delay, limit, reduce or eliminate certain product development plans, each of which could have an adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, our workforce efforts may impair our ability to achieve our current or future business objectives. 17 We are materially dependent on the adoption of our solutions by both the industrial enterprise and public sector markets, and if end customers in those markets do not purchase our solutions, our revenues will be adversely impacted, and we may not be able to expand into other markets. Our revenues have historically been in the industrial enterprise market, and we are materially dependent on the adoption of our solutions by both the industrial enterprise and public sector markets. End customers in the public sector market may remain, for reasons outside our control, tied to solutions or other competitive alternatives to our phones. Sales of our products to these buyers may also be delayed or limited by these competitive conditions. If our products are not widely accepted by buyers in those markets, we may not be able to expand sales of our products into new markets, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely impacted. Our quarterly results may vary significantly from period to period, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below investor, analyst or our expectations. Our quarterly results and, in particular, our revenue, gross margins, operating expenses, operating margins and net income (loss), have historically varied significantly from period to period and may continue to do so in the future. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Our budgeted expense levels are based, in large part, on our expectations of future revenue and the development efforts associated with that future revenue. Due to our smaller scale compared to many of our customers, we are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of changes in these customers’ order forecasts. Consequently, if our revenue does not meet projected levels in the short-term, our inventory levels, cost of goods sold and operating expenses would be high relative to revenue, resulting in potential operating losses. If our revenue or operating results do not meet the expectations of investors, the price of our common stock may decline substantially. Factors that may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly results, many of which are outside our control and may be difficult to predict, include: ● fluctuations in demand, sales cycles and prices for products and services, including discounts given in response to competitive pricing pressures or to secure long-term customer relationships, as well as the timing of purchases by our key customers; ● fluctuations in our customer, product or geographic mix, including the impact of new customer deployments, which typically carry lower gross margins, customer consolidation, which may affect our ability to grow revenue, and products powered by our next-generation technologies, which initially tend to be lower margin due to higher per unit production costs and greater variability in production yields; ● the timing, market acceptance and rate of adoption of our new product releases and our competitors’ new product releases; ● our ability to manage manufacturing costs, maintain or improve quality, and increase volumes and yields on products; ● our ability to successfully restructure or transform our operations within our anticipated time frame and realize our anticipated savings; ● the price, quality and timing of delivery of key components from suppliers, including any shipping cost increases or delays in the supply of components, as well as impacts due to consolidations amongst our suppliers; ● order cancellations, reductions or delays in delivery schedules by our customers; ● any delay in collecting or failure to collect accounts receivable; ● our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses and the costs and availability of components we purchase for our products; ● any significant changes in the competitive dynamics of the markets we serve, including any new entrants, new technologies, or customer or competitor consolidation, as well as aggressive pricing tactics by our competitors; ● our ability to manage inventory while timely meeting customer demand and avoiding charges for excess or obsolete inventory; ● the availability of third-party service partners to provide contract development and manufacturing services for us; ● the timing of revenue recognition and revenue deferrals; ● any future changes in U.S. GAAP or new interpretations of existing accounting rules; ● the impact of a significant natural disaster, as well as interruptions or shortages in the supply of utilities such as water and electricity; ● general economic and political conditions in domestic and international markets, and other factors beyond our control and ● additional developments regarding our intellectual property portfolio and regulatory exclusivity protections, if any 18 We participate in a competitive industry, which may become more competitive. Competitors with greater resources and significant experience in high-volume product manufacturing may be able to respond more quickly and cost-effectively than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. We face significant competition in developing and selling our solutions. Our primary competitors in the non-rugged mobile device market include Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Our primary competitors in the rugged mobile device market include Bullitt Mobile Ltd., and Kyocera Corporation. We also face competition from large system integrators and manufacturers of private and public wireless network equipment and devices. Competitors in this space include Harris Corporation, JVC KENWOOD Corporation, Motorola Solutions, Inc., or MSI, and Tait International Limited. We cannot assure we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors. Increased competition in mobile computing platforms, or related accessories and software developments may result in price reductions, lower gross profit margins, and loss of market share, and could require increased spending on research and development, sales and marketing, and customer support. Some competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships with suppliers or companies that produce complementary products, which may create additional pressures on our competitive position in the marketplace. Most of our competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources and experience than we do. In addition, because of the higher volume of components that many of our competitors purchase from their suppliers, they are able to keep their supply costs relatively low and, as a result, may be able to recognize higher margins on their product sales than we do. Many of our competitors may also have existing relationships with the channel partners who we use to sell our products, or with our potential customers. This competition may result in reduced prices, reduced margins and longer sales cycles for our products. Our competitors may also be able quickly and cost-effectively respond to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. The combination of brand strength, extensive distribution channels and financial resources of the larger vendors could cause us to lose market share and could reduce our margins on our products, especially if any of our larger competitors moved into the market for ultra-rugged mobile phones and accessories, as those competitors would enjoy relatively low barriers. If any of our larger competitors were to commit greater technical, sales, marketing and other resources to our markets, our ability to compete would be adversely impacted. If we are unable to successfully compete with our competitors, our sales would suffer and as a result our financial condition will be adversely impacted. We rely primarily on third-party contract manufacturers and partners. If these relationships are disrupted and we are unable to obtain substitute manufacturers or partners, on favorable terms or at all, our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed. We have outsourced our software development, third-party contract manufacturing, and product assembly operations to third-parties located in India and China. Our contract manufacturers now produce all of our products in facilities located in Asia. All manufacturing of our products is performed in accordance with detailed specifications and product designs furnished or approved by us and is subject to rigorous quality control standards. We periodically review our product manufacturing operations and consider changes we believe may be necessary or appropriate. Although we intend to closely manage the transition process when manufacturing changes, we could experience disruption to our operations during any such transition. Other significant risks include limited control over assembly and testing capacity, delivery schedules, quality assurance, manufacturing yields, production costs, tariffs and uncertainty over political unrest. Any such disruption could negatively affect our reputation and our operating results. In addition, we rely on third parties to provide certain services to us, or to our customers, including software development, hosting services and providers of other cloud-based services. If these third-party providers do not perform as expected, our customers may be adversely affected, resulting in potential liability and negative exposure for us. If it is necessary to migrate these services to other providers due to poor performance, cyber breaches or other security considerations, or other financial or operational factors, it could result in service disruptions to our customers and significant time and expense to us, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Migrating our design methodology to third-party contract manufacturers or partners could involve increased costs, resources and development time, and could expose us to further risk of losing control over our intellectual property and the quality of our products. 19 If our products contain defects or errors, we could incur significant unexpected expenses, experience product returns and lost sales, experience product recalls, suffer damage to our brand and reputation, and be subject to product liability or other claims. We produce highly complex products that incorporate leading-edge technology, including both hardware and software. The industry standards upon which many of our products are based are also complex, experience change over time and may be interpreted in different manners. Software often contains defects or programming flaws that can unexpectedly interfere with expected operations. In addition, our products are complex and are designed to be deployed in large quantities across complex and varying networks. Because of the nature of these products, they can only be fully tested when completely deployed in large networks with high amounts of traffic, and there is no assurance that our pre-shipment testing programs will be adequate to detect all defects. As a result, our customers may discover errors or defects in our hardware or software, or our products may not operate as expected. If we are unable to cure a product defect, we could experience damage to our reputation, reduced customer satisfaction, loss of existing customers and failure to attract new customers, failure to achieve market acceptance, reduced sales opportunities, loss of revenue and market share, increased service and warranty costs, diversion of development resources, legal actions by our customers, and increased insurance costs. Defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could also result in damages to our customers, financial or otherwise. Our customers could seek damages for related losses from us, which could seriously harm our business, operations, financial condition and liquidity. A product liability claim brought against us, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time consuming and costly. The occurrence of any of these problems would seriously harm our business, operations, financial condition and liquidity. Further, errors, defects or bugs in our solutions could be exploited by hackers or could otherwise result in an actual or perceived breach of our information systems. Alleviating any of these problems could require significant expense and could cause interruptions, delays or cessation of our product licensing, which would reduce demand for our products and result in a loss of sales, delay in market acceptance and injure our reputation and could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. We compete in a rapidly evolving market, and the failure to respond quickly and effectively to changing market requirements could cause our business and operating results to decline. The mobile device market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, changing customer needs, evolving industry standards and frequent introductions of new products and services. In order to deliver a competitive mobile device, our solutions must be capable of operating in an increasingly complex network environment. As new wireless phones are introduced and standards in the mobile device market evolve, we may be required to modify our phones and services to make them compatible with these new products and standards. Likewise, if our competitors introduce new devices and services that compete with ours, we may be required to reposition our solutions or introduce new phones and solutions in response to such competitive pressure. We may not be successful in modifying our current phones or introducing new ones in a timely or appropriately responsive manner, or at all. If we fail to address these changes successfully, our business and operating results could be significantly harmed. If our business does not grow as we expect, if we fail to manage our growth effectively or if our cost cutting measures are not sufficient our operating results and business would suffer. Our ability to successfully grow our business depends on a number of factors including our ability to: ● accelerate the adoption of our solutions by new end customers; ● expand into new vertical markets; ● develop and deliver new products and services; ● increase awareness of the benefits that our solutions offer; ● become more cost effective and scalable by utilizing contract manufacturing. As usage of our solutions grows, we will need to continue to make investments to develop and implement new or updated solutions, technologies, security features and cloud- based infrastructure operations. In addition, we will need to appropriately scale our internal business systems and our services organization, including the suppliers of our detection equipment and customer support services, to serve our growing customer base. Any failure of, or delay in, these efforts could impair the performance of our solutions and reduce customer satisfaction. 20 Further, our growth could increase quickly and place a strain on our managerial, operational, financial and other resources, and our future operating results depend to a large extent on our ability to successfully manage our anticipated expansion and growth. To manage our growth successfully, we will need to continue to invest in sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative functions and other areas. We are likely to recognize the costs associated with these investments earlier than receiving some of the anticipated benefits, and the return on these investments may be lower, or may develop more slowly, than we expect, which could adversely impact our operating results. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities or develop new solutions or upgrades to our existing solutions, satisfy customer requirements, maintain the quality and security of our solutions or execute on our business plan, any of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We are required to undergo a lengthy customization and certification process for each wireless carrier customer, which increases our operating expenses, and failure to obtain such certification would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Each wireless carrier requires each of our devices to complete a thorough technical acceptance process before it can be stocked and sold. Such acceptance processes impose rigorous and complex requirements on our devices, which result in a lengthy testing and certification process, during which we incur substantial operating expenses related to the wireless carrier’s technical acceptance of our devices. The acceptance processes and related costs to us vary across carrier customers depending on carrier size and level of customization required. Generally, the certification process commences within one to three months of product concept development. During this development stage, certain carriers provide a technology roadmap and target demographics, allowing us to define product specifications to meet carrier goals, while other carriers provide defined specifications and preferred price points. Once we receive approval of a product concept by the carrier, we and the carrier advance the product to the development stage. When the product is close to becoming a functioning model, we commence internal quality assurance processes and field testing, which may include third -party lab testing, in-market field testing and interoperability testing. Finally, as the last step in the testing phase, the wireless carrier typically conducts testing itself, following which the product may be certified and stocked. The entire process can last from 6 to 18 months depending on the particular wireless carrier and type of device. Any delay in the acceptance process or failure to satisfy the device certification requirements would affect our ability to bring products to market and adversely impacts our results of operations and financial condition. If we fail to adequately forecast demand for our inventory and supply needs, we could incur additional costs or experience manufacturing delays, which could reduce our gross margin or cause us to delay or even lose sales. Because our production volumes are based on a forecast of channel partner demand rather than firm purchase commitments from our major customers, our forecasts have been, and there is a risk that our forecasts could be in the future, inaccurate and there is a risk that we will be unable to sell our products at the volumes and prices we expect, which may result in excess inventory. We provide, and will continue to provide, forecasts of our demand to our third-party suppliers prior to the scheduled delivery of products to our channel partners. If we overestimate our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have excess component inventory, which could increase our costs. If we underestimate our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have inadequate component inventory, which could interrupt the manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and revenues, lost sales, or we could incur unplanned overtime costs to meet our requirements, resulting in significant cost increases. For example, certain materials and components used to manufacture our products may reach end of life during any of our product’s life cycles, following which suppliers no longer provide such expired materials and components. This would require us to either source and qualify an alternative component, which could require a re-certification of the device by the wireless carriers and/or regulatory agencies or forecast product demand for a final purchase of such materials and components that may reach end of life to ensure that we have sufficient product inventory through a product’s life cycle. If we overestimate forecasted demand, we will hold excess end-of-life materials and components resulting in increased costs. If we underestimate forecasted demand, we could experience delays in shipments and loss of revenues. In addition, if we underestimate our requirements and the applicable supplier becomes insolvent or is no longer able to timely supply our needs in a cost-efficient manner or at all, we may be required to acquire components, which may need to be customized for our products, from alternative suppliers, including at significantly higher costs. For example, in 2018, one of our suppliers became insolvent and ceased all production, requiring us to seek alternative supply of complex components in a very short time frame. If we cannot source alternative suppliers and/or alternative components, we may suffer delays in shipments or lost sales. Similarly, credit constraints at our suppliers could require us to accelerate payment of our accounts payable, impacting our cash flow. Further, lead times for materials and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms, customization needed for any particular component and demand for each component at a given time. Any such failure to accurately forecast demand and manufacturing and supply requirements, and any need to obtain alternative supply sources, could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. 21 The markets for our devices and related accessories may not develop as quickly as we expect or may not develop at all. Our future success is substantially dependent upon continued adoption of devices and related accessories in the industrial enterprise and public sector markets, including the transition from LMR and PTT, to smartphone and cellular networks. These market developments and transitions may take longer than we expect or may not occur at all and may not be as widespread as we expect. If the market does not develop as we expect, our business, operating results and financial condition would be significantly harmed. Our dependence on third-party suppliers for key components of our products could delay shipment of our products and reduce our sales. We depend on certain suppliers for the delivery of components used in the assembly of our products, including machined parts, injection molded plastic parts, printed circuit boards and other miscellaneous custom parts for our products. Our reliance on third-party suppliers creates risks related to our potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of components and reduced control over pricing and timing of delivery of components. In particular, we have little to no control over the prices at which our suppliers sell materials and components to us. The components business has, from time to time, experienced periods of extreme shortages in product supply, generally as the result of demand exceeding available supply. Many companies utilize the same raw materials and supplies that we do in the production of their products. Companies with more resources than our own may have a competitive advantage in obtaining raw materials and supplies due to greater buying power. When these shortages occur, suppliers also tend to either increase prices or reduce the number of units sold to customers. In addition, certain supplies of our components are available only from a single source or limited sources and we may not be able to diversify suppliers in a timely manner. We have experienced shortages in the past that have negatively impacted our results of operations and may experience such shortages in the future. These factors can result in reduced supply, higher prices of components used in the assembly of our products and delays in the receipt of certain of our key components, which in turn may generate increased costs, lower margins and delays in product delivery, with a corresponding adverse effect on revenues and customer relationships. We also do not have long-term supply agreements with any of our suppliers. Our current contracts with certain suppliers may be canceled or not extended by such suppliers and, therefore, do not afford us with sufficient protection against a reduction or interruption in supplies. Moreover, in the event any of these suppliers breach their contracts with us, our legal remedies associated with such a breach may be insufficient to compensate us for any damages we may suffer. Any interruption of supply for any material components of our products for any reason, including but not limited to a global or local health crises, or inability to obtain required components from our third-party suppliers, could significantly delay the production and shipment of our products and harm our revenues, profitability and financial condition. Our future success is dependent on our ability to create independent brand awareness for our company and products with end customers, and our inability to achieve such brand awareness could limit our prospects. We depend on a small number of wireless carriers to distribute our products. While we intend to accelerate direct marketing and end-customer brand awareness initiatives in the future, our sales and marketing efforts have historically been predominantly focused on channel partners. As such, our operating expenses related to end-customer marketing efforts have historically been very small, representing less than 1.0% of our total sales and marketing expenses during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. To increase end-customer brand awareness requires investments in our sales and marketing efforts. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in the future, primarily from increased sales personnel expenses, which will require us to cost-efficiently ramp up our sales and marketing capabilities and effectively target end customers. However, there can be no assurance that we will successfully increase our brand awareness or do so in a cost-efficient manner while maintaining market share within our existing sales channels. Our failure to establish stand-alone brand awareness with end customers of our products would leave us vulnerable to competitors and have an adverse impact on our prospects. If we are unable to significantly increase the awareness of our brand and solutions with end customers in a cost-efficient manner, we will remain significantly dependent on our channel partners for sales of our products and would adversely impact our ability to grow our business. If we are unable to sell our solutions into new markets, our revenues may not grow. Any new market into which we attempt to sell our solutions may not be receptive. Our ability to penetrate new markets depends on the quality of our solutions, the continued adoption of our public safety solution by first responders, the perceived value of our solutions as a risk management tool and our ability to design our solutions to meet the demands of our customers. If the markets for our solutions do not develop as we expect, our revenues may not grow. 22 Our ability to successfully face these challenges depends on several factors, including increasing the awareness of our solutions and their benefits, the effectiveness of our marketing programs, the costs of our solutions, our ability to attract, retain and effectively train sales and marketing personnel, and our ability to develop relationships with wireless carriers and other partners. If we are unsuccessful in developing and marketing our solutions into new markets, new markets for our solutions might not develop or might develop more slowly than we expect, either of which would harm our revenues and growth prospects. Our existing IT systems may not be adequate to manage our growth, and our implementation of updated IT systems could result in significant disruptions to our operations. Our existing IT systems may be inadequate to manage our growth and we must implement various upgrades to our enterprise resource planning, or ERP, systems, as well as other complementary IT systems, over the next several years. Implementation of these solutions and systems is highly dependent on coordination of numerous software and system providers and internal business teams. The interdependence of these solutions and systems is a significant risk to the successful completion of the initiatives and the failure of any one system could have a significant adverse impact on the implementation of our overall IT infrastructure. We may experience difficulties as we transition to these new or upgraded systems and processes, including loss or corruption of data, delayed shipments, decreases in productivity as our personnel and third-party providers implement and become familiar with new systems, increased costs and lost revenues. In addition, transitioning to these new systems requires significant capital investments and personnel resources. Difficulties in implementing new or upgraded information systems or significant system failures could disrupt our operations and have a significant adverse impact on our capital resources, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Implementation of this new IT infrastructure could have a significant impact on our business processes and information systems across a significant portion of our operations. As a result, we must undergo significant changes in our operational processes and internal controls as our implementation progresses, which in turn will require significant change management, including recruiting and training of qualified personnel. If we are unable to successfully manage these changes as we implement these systems, including harmonizing our systems, data, processes and reporting analytics, our ability to conduct, manage and control routine business functions could be negatively affected and significant disruptions to our business could occur. In addition, we could incur material unanticipated expenses, including additional costs of implementation or costs of conducting business. These risks could result in significant business disruptions or divert management’s attention from key strategic initiatives and have a significant adverse impact on our capital resources, financial condition and results of operations. A security breach or other significant disruption of our IT systems or those of our partners, suppliers or manufacturers, caused by cyberattacks or other means, could have a negative impact on our operations, sales, and operating results. We rely extensively on our information systems to manage our business operations. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience attempts to compromise our information technology systems and those of our third-party service providers. All IT systems are potentially vulnerable to damage, unauthorized access or interruption from a variety of sources, including but not limited to, cyberattacks, cyber intrusions, computer viruses, security breaches, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, sabotage, war, insider trading and telecommunication failures. A cyberattack or other significant disruption involving our IT systems or those of our outsource partners, suppliers or manufacturers could result in the unauthorized release of proprietary, confidential or sensitive information of ours or result in virus and malware installation on our devices. Such unauthorized access to, or release of, this information or other security breaches could: (i) allow others to unfairly compete with us, (ii) compromise safety or security, (iii) subject us to claims for breach of contract, tort, and other civil claims, and (iv) damage our reputation. We could face regulatory penalties, enforcement actions, remediation obligations, or private litigation by parties whose data is improperly disclosed or misused. Any or all of the foregoing could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We experience lengthy sales cycles for our products and the delay of an expected large order could result in a significant unexpected revenue shortfall. The purchase of our products is often an enterprise-wide decision for prospective customers, which requires us to engage in sales efforts over an extended period of time and provide a significant level of education to prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits of such devices. Prospective customers, especially the wireless carriers that sell our products, often undertake a prolonged evaluation process that may take from several months to several years in certain cases. Consequently, if our forecasted sales from a specific customer are not realized, we may not be able to generate revenues from alternative sources in time to compensate for the shortfall. The loss or delay of an expected large order could also result in a significant unexpected revenue shortfall. Moreover, to the extent we enter into and deliver our products pursuant to significant contracts earlier than we expected, our operating results for subsequent periods may fall below expectations. We may spend substantial time, effort and money on our sales and marketing efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce any sales. If we are unable to succeed in closing sales with new and existing customers, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed. 23 Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income will be subject to certain limitations. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, of $88.4 million and $7.4 million, respectively, due to prior period losses, a portion of which expire in various years beginning in 2037 and 2035, respectively, if not utilized. In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its NOLs to offset future taxable income. Due to the investment by AJP Holding Company, LLC during 2022 and the resulting ownership change, the future use of the NOLs to reduce future taxable income of the Company is severely limited. We may incur substantial costs and receive adverse outcomes in litigation, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters in connection with alleged violations of securities laws and regulations. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by unfavorable results in pending or future litigations, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters related to violations or perceived violations of applicable securities laws and regulations by the Company or its affiliates. We have been subject to the SEC investigation and stockholders’ class actions in the past and may become subject to securities-related investigations or legal proceedings in the future. The ultimate resolution of such investigations and lawsuits cannot be predicted, and the claims raised in these lawsuits may result in further legal matters or actions against us, including, but not limited to, government enforcement actions or additional private litigation. We were subject to an SEC investigation that had started in March 2020. Although there were no penalties imposed against the Company as a result of that SEC investigation, we cannot predict the outcome of any particular proceeding, or whether any new SEC investigation will be resolved favorably or ultimately result in charges or material damages, fines or other penalties, enforcement actions, or civil or criminal proceedings against us or members of our senior management. Litigation matters and regulatory investigations, regardless of their merits or their ultimate outcomes, are costly, divert management’s attention, and may materially adversely affect our reputation and demand for our products. We cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of pending or future legal matters. An adverse outcome of litigation or legal matters could result in us being responsible for significant damages. Any of these negative effects resulting from litigation, regulatory investigations, and other legal matters could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Changes in the availability of federal funding to support local public safety or other public sector efforts could impact our opportunities with public sector end customers. Many of our public sector end customers rely to some extent on funds from the U.S. federal government in order to purchase and pay for our solutions. Any reduction in federal funding for local public safety or other public sector efforts could result in our end customers having less access to funds required to continue, renew, expand or pay for our solutions. Additionally, the last U.S. government partial shutdown, and any future U.S. government shutdowns, could result in delayed public safety spending or re-allocation of funding into other areas of public safety. If federal funding is reduced or eliminated and our end customers cannot find alternative sources of funding to purchase our solutions, our business will be harmed. 24 Changes in laws and regulations concerning the use of telecommunication bandwidth could increase our costs and adversely impact our business. Our business depends on our ability to sell devices that use telecommunication bandwidth allocated to licensed and unlicensed wireless services, and that use of that bandwidth is subject to laws and regulations that are subject to change over time. Changes in the permitted uses of telecommunication bandwidth, reallocation of such bandwidth to different uses, and new or increased regulation of the capabilities, manufacture, importation, and use of devices that depend on such bandwidth could increase our costs, require costly modifications to our products before they are sold, or limit our ability to sell those products in to our target markets. In addition, we are subject to regulatory requirements for certification and testing of our products before they can be marketed or sold. Those requirements may be onerous and expensive. Changes to those requirements could result in significant additional costs and could adversely impact our ability to bring new products to market in a timely fashion. Failure of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, and representatives to use acceptable legal or ethical business practices, or to fail for any other reason, could negatively impact our business. We do not control the labor and other business practices of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers and third-party sales representatives, or TPSRs, and cannot provide assurance that they will operate in compliance with applicable rules, and regulations regarding working conditions, employment practices, environmental compliance, anti-corruption, and trademark a copyright and patent licensing. If one of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers, or TPSRs violates labor or other laws or implements labor or other business practices that are regarded as unethical, the shipment of finished products to us could be interrupted, orders could be canceled, relationships could be terminated, and our reputation could be damaged. If one of our suppliers or subcontractors fails to procure the necessary license rights to trademarks, copyrights or patents, legal action could be taken against us that could impact the saleability of our products and expose us to financial obligations to a third party. Any of these events could have a negative impact on our sales and results of operations. Moreover, any failure of our suppliers, subcontractors, distributors, resellers and TPSRs, for any reason, including bankruptcy or other business disruption, could disrupt our supply or distribution efforts and could have a negative impact on our sales and results of operations. We are subject to a wide range of privacy and data security laws, regulations and other legal obligations. Personal privacy and information security are significant issues in the United States and the other jurisdictions in which we operate or make our products and applications available. The legislative and regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and various state, local and foreign agencies. We may collect personally identifiable information, or PII, and other data from our customers. We use this information to provide services to our customers and to support, expand and improve our business. We may also share customers’ PII with third parties as allowed by applicable law and agreements and authorized by the customer or as described in our privacy policy. 25 The U.S. federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, transfer, use and storage of PII. In the United States, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws as imposing standards for the online collection, use and dissemination of data. Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including Canada, the European Union and other relevant jurisdictions, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of PII obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the United States. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of data that identifies or may be used to identify or locate an individual, such as names, email addresses and, in some jurisdictions, Internet Protocol, or IP, addresses. Within the European Union, legislators have adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, effective May 2018 which may impose additional obligations and risk upon our business, and which may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. We may incur substantial expense in complying with the obligations imposed by the governments of the foreign jurisdictions in which we do business or seek to do business and we may be required to make significant changes in our business operations, all of which may adversely impact our revenues and our business overall. Although we are working to comply with those federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations that apply to us, those laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another, other requirements or legal obligations, our practices or the features of our products or applications. At state level, lawmakers continue to pass new laws concerning privacy and data security. Particularly notable in this regard is the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020, as well as the California Consumer Privacy Act, which was passed in November 2020 and makes a number of significant amendments to the CCPA. The CCPA introduced significant new disclosure obligations and provides California consumers with significant new privacy rights. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of PII or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse impact on our reputation and business. Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations, or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely impact our business. We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. New laws, amendments to or re-interpretations of existing laws and regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other obligations may require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations. Such laws and regulations may require companies to implement privacy and security policies, permit users to access, correct and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals’ consent to use PII for certain purposes. In addition, a foreign government could require that any PII collected in a country not be disseminated outside of that country, and we are not currently equipped to comply with such a requirement. We are exposed to risks associated with strategic transactions. We may consider strategic acquisitions of and combinations with companies with complementary technologies or intellectual property in the future. Acquisitions hold special challenges in terms of successful integration of technologies, products, services and employees. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions or the benefits of any other acquisitions we have completed or may complete in the future, and we may not be able to incorporate any acquired services, products or technologies with our existing operations, or integrate personnel from the acquired or combined businesses, in which case our business could be harmed. Acquisitions and other strategic transactions involve numerous risks, including: ● problems integrating and divesting the operations, technologies, personnel, services or products over geographically disparate locations; ● unanticipated costs, taxes, litigation and other contingent liabilities; ● continued liability for discontinued businesses and pre-closing activities of divested businesses or certain post-closing liabilities which we may agree to assume as part of the transaction in which a particular business is divested; ● adverse impacts on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; ● cannibalization of revenues as customers may seek multi-product discounts; ● risks associated with entering into markets in which we have no, or limited, prior experience; ● incurrence of significant restructuring charges if acquired products or technologies are unsuccessful; 26 ● significant diversion of management’s attention from our core business and diversion of key employees’ time and resources; ● licensing, indemnity or other conflicts between existing businesses and acquired businesses; ● inability to retain key customers, distributors, suppliers, vendors and other business relations of the acquired business; and ● potential loss of our key employees or the key employees of an acquired organization or as a result of discontinued businesses. Financing for future strategic transactions may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we identify an appropriate acquisition or combination candidate for any of our businesses, we may not be able to negotiate the terms of the transaction successfully, finance the transaction or integrate the applicable business, products, service offerings, technologies or employees. Future strategic transactions may not be well-received by the investment community, which may cause the value of our stock to fall. We cannot ensure that we will be able to identify or complete any acquisition, divestiture or discontinued business in the future. Further, the terms of our indebtedness constrain our ability to enter into and finance certain strategic transactions. If we acquire businesses, new products, service offerings or technologies in the future, we may incur significant acquisition-related costs. In addition, we may be required to amortize significant amounts of finite-lived intangible assets and we may record significant amounts of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets that would be subject to testing for impairment. We have in the past and may in the future be required to write off all or part of the intangible assets or goodwill associated with these investments that could harm our operating results. If we consummate one or more significant future acquisitions in which the consideration consists of stock or other securities, our existing stockholders’ ownership could be significantly diluted. If we were to proceed with one or more significant future acquisitions in which the consideration included cash, we could be required to use a substantial portion of our cash and investments. Acquisitions could also cause operating margins to fall depending on the businesses acquired. Our strategic investments may involve joint development, joint marketing, or entry into new business ventures, or new technology licensing. Any joint development efforts may not result in the successful introduction of any new products or services by us or a third party, and any joint marketing efforts may not result in increased demand for our products or services. Further, any current or future strategic acquisitions and investments by us may not allow us to enter and compete effectively in new markets or enhance our business in our existing markets and we may have to impair the carrying amount of our investments. Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property If we are unable to successfully protect our intellectual property, our competitive position may be harmed. Our ability to compete is heavily affected by our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, copyright and trademark laws, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights. We also enter, and plan to continue to enter, into confidentiality, invention assignment or license agreements with our employees, consultants and other parties with whom we contract, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. The steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate, and it is possible that some or all of our confidentiality agreements will not be honored, and certain contractual provisions may not be enforceable. Existing trade secret, trademark and copyright laws offer only limited protection. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use information which we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult, time consuming and costly, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. We cannot assure you that our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology, the effect of either of which would harm our competitive position in the market. Furthermore, disputes can arise with our strategic partners, customers or others concerning the ownership of intellectual property. Others may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights, which may result in costly and time-consuming litigation and could delay or otherwise impair the development and commercialization of our products. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights, and because our products are comprised of complex technology, we are often involved in or impacted by assertions, including both requests to take licenses and litigation, regarding infringement of patent and other intellectual property rights of third parties. Third parties have asserted, and in the future may assert, intellectual property infringement claims against us and against our channel partners, end customers and suppliers. Many of these assertions are brought by non-practicing entities whose principal business model is to secure patent licensing revenues from product manufacturing companies. Claims for alleged infringement and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidation of our intellectual property rights. Defending any such claims, with or without merit, including pursuant to indemnity obligations, could be time consuming, expensive, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into a royalty or licensing agreement, any of which could delay the development and commercialization of our products or reduce our margins. If we are unable to obtain a required license, our ability to sell or use certain products may be impaired. In addition, if we fail to obtain a license, or if the terms of the license are burdensome to us, our operations could be significantly harmed. 27 Our use of open-source software could subject us to possible litigation or otherwise impair the development of our products. A portion of our technologies incorporates open-source software, including open-source operating systems such as Android, and we expect to continue to incorporate open- source software into our platform in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open-source software have been interpreted by courts, and their application to the open-source software integrated into our proprietary technology platform may be uncertain. If we fail to comply with these licenses, then pursuant to the terms of these licenses, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we make available the source code for our software that incorporates the open-source software. We cannot assure you that we have not incorporated open-source software in our software in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the applicable licenses or our current policies and procedures. If an author or other third party that distributes such open-source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our technology platform. With respect to open-source operating systems, if third parties cease continued development of such operating systems or restrict our access to such operating system, our business and financial results could be adversely impacted. We are dependent on third parties’ continued development of operating systems, software application ecosystem infrastructures, and such third parties’ approval of our implementations of their operating and system and associated applications. If such parties cease to continue development or support of such operating systems or restrict our access to such operating systems, we would be required to change our strategy for our devices. As a result, our financial results could be negatively impacted because a resulting shift away from the operating systems we currently use, and the associated applications ecosystem could be costly and difficult. Our inability to obtain and maintain any third-party license required to develop new products and product enhancements could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, we are required to license technology from third parties to develop new products or product enhancements. For example, we have entered into worldwide intellectual property cross license agreements or other technology license agreements with a number of global technology companies in the mobile telecommunications market. Third-party licenses may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we fail to renew any intellectual property license agreements on commercially reasonable terms, or any such license agreements otherwise expire or terminate, we may not be able to use the patents and technologies of these third parties in our products, which are critical to our success. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively control the level of licensing and royalty fees paid to third parties, and significant increase in such fees could have a significant and adverse impact on our future profitability. Seeking alternative patents and technologies may be difficult and time-consuming, and we may not be successful in finding alternative technologies or incorporating them into our products. Our inability to obtain any third-party license necessary to develop new products or product enhancements could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards, or at greater cost, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. 28 Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock We have identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting which, if not remediated, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As of December 31, 2021, we have identified one material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that pertain to (i) a deficiency in the design and implementation of IT general controls, including elevated (administrator) access to financial reporting systems and subsystems, which are not appropriately restricted and segregated. Although we have developed and implemented a plan to remediate the material weakness, we cannot assure you that this will occur within a specific timeframe. The material weakness will not be remediated until all necessary internal controls have been designed, implemented, tested and determined to be operating effectively. In addition, we may need to take additional measures to address the material weakness or modify the planned remediation steps, and we cannot be certain that the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls will be sufficient to address the issues identified, to ensure that our internal controls are effective or to ensure that the identified material weakness- will not result in a material misstatement of our consolidated financial statements. Moreover, we cannot assure you that we will not identify additional material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Until we remediate the material weakness, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the SEC, could be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our common units, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition. We have failed, and may continue to fail, to meet the listing standards of Nasdaq, and as a result our common stock may become delisted, which could have a material adverse effect on the liquidity of our common stock. The listing standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market provide that a company, in order to qualify for continued listing, must maintain a minimum stock price of $1.00 and satisfy standards relative to minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum market value of publicly held shares and various additional requirements (the “Bid Price Rule”). On February 16, 2022 , we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below $1.00 per share, which is the minimum closing price required to maintain continued listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the “Minimum Bid Requirement”). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were provided a period of 180 calendar days, or until August 15, 2022, in which to regain compliance. In order to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during this 180-day period. On August 16, 2022 we received an additional 180-day period from Nasdaq to regain compliance through February 13, 2023. On February 14, 2023 we received a deficiency letter from the Staff. On February 21, 2023 we filed an appeal with the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel (“NLQP”) and requested a hearing. We plan on regaining incompliance by effecting a reverse stock split if our stock price does not increase by a period that may be granted by the NLQP. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement or maintain compliance with the other Nasdaq listing requirements. If we do not regain compliance with the Nasdaq continuing listing requirements, our common stock will be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market and it could be more difficult to buy or sell our securities and to obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our common stock could suffer a material decline. In addition, a delisting would impair our ability to raise capital through the public markets, could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our securities and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Some provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or prevent a change in control and may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for, among other things: ● the authorization of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval; ● advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals; and ● certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings. 29 These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take other corporate actions than you desire. Additionally, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL. These provisions prohibit large stockholders, in particular a stockholder owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock, from consummating a merger or combination with a corporation unless this stockholder receives board approval for the transaction or 66 2/3% of the shares of voting stock not owned by the stockholder approve the merger or transaction. These provisions of DGCL may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, and may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees, agents or trustees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to such Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation described in the preceding sentence. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, this exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims which are vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or for which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction. For instance, the provision would not apply to actions arising under federal securities laws, including suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, jurisdiction over which is exclusively vested by statute in the U.S. federal courts. This exclusive choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and such persons. If a court were to find the choice of forum provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a significant impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates the U.S. federal district courts as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. We will seek to enforce these provisions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. The Delaware Supreme Court recently determined that the exclusive forum provision of federal district courts of the United States of America for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is permissible and enforceable under Delaware law, reversing an earlier decision from the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware that had ruled that such provisions were not enforceable. In light of the Delaware Supreme Court determination that Delaware law permits exclusive federal forum provisions, we have sought to enforce the exclusive federal forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation including in pending litigation. Enforcement of this provision could result in additional costs. If we face relevant litigation and are unable to enforce this provision, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, financial condition, or results of operations. 30 General Risk Factors Natural or man-made disasters and other similar events may significantly disrupt our business, and negatively impact our operating results and financial condition. Any of our facilities may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfires, floods, nuclear disasters, acts of terrorism or other criminal activities, infectious disease outbreaks, and power outages, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to operate our business for some period of time. Any disruptions in our operations could negatively impact our business and operating results and harm our reputation. For example, our headquarters in Austin, Texas were shut down without power or water for several days in 2021. In addition, we may not carry business insurance or may not carry sufficient business insurance to compensate for losses that may occur. Any such losses or damages could have a significant adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the facilities of significant vendors may be harmed or rendered inoperable by such natural or man-made disasters, which may cause disruptions, difficulties or significant adverse impact on our business. Increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations from investors, customers, lawmakers, regulators, and other stakeholders regarding environmental, social and governance, or ESG-related practices and disclosures may adversely affect our reputation, adversely impact our ability to attract and retain employees or customers, expose us to increased scrutiny from the investment community or enforcement authorities or otherwise adversely impact our business and results of operations. There is increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations from investors, customers, lawmakers, regulators, and other stakeholders on ESG-related practices and disclosures, including those related to environmental stewardship, climate change, diversity, equity and inclusion, forced labor, racial justice, and workplace conduct. Regulators have imposed, and likely will continue to impose, ESG-related rules and guidance, which may conflict with one another and impose additional costs on us or expose us to new or additional risks. Moreover, certain organizations that provide information to investors have developed ratings for evaluating companies on their approach to different ESG- related matters, and unfavorable ratings of us or our industry may lead to negative investor sentiment and the diversion of investment to other companies or industries. As a smaller company, we may not have resources to meet the evolving ESG-related expectations of an investment community. Our operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions and adverse economic conditions can materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We are highly susceptible to the global supply chain and any disruptions. The majority of our suppliers and manufacturing facilities are located outside the U.S. As a result, the Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation or recession, new or increased tariffs and other barriers to trade, changes to the U.S. fiscal and monetary policy, tighter credit, higher interest rates, high unemployment, and currency fluctuations can adversely impact consumer confidence and spending and materially adversely affect demand for our products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending can be materially adversely affected in response to financial market volatility, negative financial news, declines in income or asset values, energy shortages and cost increases, labor and healthcare costs, and other economic factors. Besides an adverse impact on demand for our products, uncertainty about, or a decline in, global or regional economic conditions can have a significant impact on our counteragents including suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, cellular network carriers, and other channel partners. These and other economic factors can materially adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and stock price. Economic uncertainties or downturns, or political changes, could limit the availability of funds available to our customers and potential customers, which could significantly adversely impact our business. Current or future economic uncertainties or downturns could adversely impact our business and operating results. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, political deadlock, natural catastrophes, infectious disease outbreaks, and warfare and terrorist attacks in North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in funds available to our customers and potential customers and negatively affect the growth rate of our business. These economic conditions may make it extremely difficult for our customers and us to forecast and plan future budgetary decisions or business activities accurately, and they could cause our customers to reevaluate their decisions to purchase our solutions, which could delay and lengthen our sales cycles or result in cancellations of planned purchases. Furthermore, during challenging economic times or as a result of political changes, our customers may tighten their budgets and face constraints in gaining timely access to sufficient funding or other credit, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. In turn, we may be required to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, which would adversely impact our financial results. We cannot predict the timing, magnitude, or duration of any economic slowdown, instability, or recovery, generally or within any particular industry, or the impact of political changes. If the economic conditions of the general economy or industries in which we operate worsen from present levels, or if recent political changes result in less funding being available to purchase our solutions, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely impacted. 31 The market price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate or decline, resulting in substantial loss of your investment. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, the factors described in this “Risk Factors” section or otherwise, and other factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the valuations of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us. Furthermore, the stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. The trading price of our common stock is likely to be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including: ● market conditions in the broader stock market in general, or in our industry in particular; ● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results; ● introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors; ● sales, or anticipated sales, of large blocks of our stock; ● issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports or recommendations; ● failure of industry or securities analysts to maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates by any industry or securities analysts that follow our company, or our failure to meet such estimates; ● additions or departures of key personnel; ● regulatory or political developments; ● changes in accounting principles or methodologies; ● acquisitions by us or by our competitors; ● litigation and governmental investigations; and ● economic, political and geopolitical conditions or events. These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have often instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. Unless our common stock continues to be listed on a national securities exchange it will become subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules that impose restrictive sales practice requirements. If we are unable to maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, our common stock could become subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules if the shares have a market value of less than $5.00 per share. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to include any stock that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions, including an exception for stock traded on a national securities exchange. The SEC regulations impose restrictive sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. An accredited investor generally is a person whose individual annual income exceeded $200,000, or whose joint annual income with a spouse exceeded $300,000 during the past two years and who expects their annual income to exceed the applicable level during the current year, or a person with net worth in excess of $1.0 million, not including the value of the investor’s principal residence and excluding mortgage debt secured by the investor’s principal residence up to the estimated fair market value of the home, except that any mortgage debt incurred by the investor within 60 days prior to the date of the transaction shall not be excluded from the determination of the investor’s net worth unless the mortgage debt was incurred to acquire the residence. For transactions covered by this rule, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to sale. This means that if we are unable maintain the listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange, the ability of stockholders to sell their common stock in the secondary market could be adversely affected. If a transaction involving a penny stock is not exempt from the SEC’s rule, a broker-dealer must deliver a disclosure schedule relating to the penny stock market to each investor prior to a transaction. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and its registered representative, current quotations for the penny stock, and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market-maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer’s presumed control over the market. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the customer’s account and information on the limited market in penny stocks. 32 Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception these sales might occur, could cause our stock price to decline. The market price of our common stock could decrease significantly as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the public market, and the perception that these sales could occur may also depress the market price of our common stock. Certain stockholders are entitled, under our investors’ rights agreement, to require us to register shares owned by them for public sale in the United States, including the registration rights agreement dated July 13, 2022, by and between the Company and AJP Holding Company, LLC. In addition, we filed a registration statement to register shares issued under our equity compensation plans. As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting periods, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or upon settlement of outstanding RSU awards will be available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market. A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities. We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain whether the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict whether investors will find our common stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract our management, which could make it difficult to manage our business, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We are required to comply with various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those required by the SEC. Complying with these reporting and other regulatory requirements will be time-consuming and will result in increased costs to us and could have a negative effect on our results of operations, financial condition or business. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These requirements may place a strain on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. The Sarbanes- Oxley Act requires that we attest to having internal controls over financial reporting. To maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, we will need to commit significant resources, hire additional staff and provide additional management oversight. We will be implementing additional procedures and processes for the purpose of addressing the standards and requirements applicable to public companies. Sustaining our growth also will require us to commit additional management, operational and financial resources to identify new professionals to join our firm and to maintain appropriate operational and financial systems to adequately support expansion. These activities may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition or business. As an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we intend to take advantage of certain temporary exemptions from various reporting requirements including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. In addition, we have elected under the JOBS Act to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. When these exemptions cease to apply, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote increased management effort toward ensuring compliance with them. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs. 33 Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. The U.S. government has adopted a new approach to trade policy, including in some cases renegotiating and terminating certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement. The U.S. government has also initiated tariffs on certain foreign goods from a variety of countries and regions, most notably China, where we outsource the manufacturing of our mobile phones, and has raised the possibility of imposing significant, additional tariff increases or expanding the tariffs to capture other types of goods. In response, many of these foreign governments have imposed retaliatory tariffs on goods that their countries import from the U.S. Changes in U.S. trade policy have and may continue to result in one or more foreign governments adopting responsive trade policies that make it more difficult or costly for us to do business in or import our products from those countries. This in turn could result in significant additional costs to us when shipping our products to various customers in the United States and could require us to increase prices to our customers, which may reduce demand, or, if we are unable to increase prices, result in lowering our margin on products sold. We cannot predict the extent to which the U.S. or other countries will impose new or additional quotas, duties, tariffs, taxes or other similar restrictions upon the import or export of our products in the future, nor can we predict future trade policy or the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business. The adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements, or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, our customers, our suppliers, and the U.S. economy, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Economic uncertainties or downturns, or political changes, could limit the availability of funds available to our customers and potential customers, which could significantly adversely impact our business. Current or future economic uncertainties or downturns could adversely impact our business and operating results. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, political deadlock, natural catastrophes, infectious disease outbreaks, and warfare and terrorist attacks in North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in funds available to our customers and potential customers and negatively affect the growth rate of our business. These economic conditions may make it extremely difficult for our customers and us to forecast and plan future budgetary decisions or business activities accurately, and they could cause our customers to reevaluate their decisions to purchase our solutions, which could delay and lengthen our sales cycles or result in cancellations of planned purchases. Furthermore, during challenging economic times or as a result of political changes, our customers may tighten their budgets and face constraints in gaining timely access to sufficient funding or other credit, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. In turn, we may be required to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, which would adversely impact our financial results. We cannot predict the timing, magnitude or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular industry, or the impact of political changes. If the economic conditions of the general economy or industries in which we operate worsen from present levels, or if recent political changes result in less funding being available to purchase our solutions, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted. The unfavorable outcome of any future litigation, arbitration or administrative action could have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations. From time to time, we are a party to litigation, arbitration, or administrative actions. Our business may bring us into conflict with third parties with whom we have contractual or other business relationships, or with our competitors or others whose interests differ from ours. If we are unable to resolve those conflicts on terms that are satisfactory to all parties, we may become involved in litigation brought by or against us. Our financial results and reputation could be negatively impacted by unfavorable outcomes to any future litigation or administrative actions, including those related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, or other anti-corruption laws. Monitoring, initiating and defending against legal actions is time-consuming for our management, likely to be expensive and may detract from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, despite the availability of insurance, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with litigation. Lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and defense and disposition costs depend upon many unknown factors. Lawsuits could result in judgments against us that require us to pay damages, enjoin us from certain activities, or otherwise negatively affect our legal or contractual rights, which could have a significant adverse effect on our business. In addition, the inherent uncertainty of such litigation could lead to increased volatility in our stock price and a decrease in the value of our stockholders’ investment in our common stock. There can be no assurances as to the favorable outcome of any litigation or administrative proceedings. In addition, it can be very costly to defend litigation or administrative proceedings and these costs could negatively impact our financial results. 34 We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, economic sanctions, export control, and similar laws. Non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal or civil liability and harm our business, revenues, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. As we increase our international presence, we may engage with distributors and third-party intermediaries to market our solutions and to obtain necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. In addition, we or our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. The United States has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others. In particular, the United States prohibits U.S. persons from engaging with individuals and entities identified as “Specially Designated Nationals,” such as terrorists and narcotics traffickers. These prohibitions are administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC. OFAC rules prohibit U.S. persons from engaging in, or facilitating a foreign person’s engagement in, transactions with or relating to the prohibited individual, entity or country, and require the blocking of assets in which the individual, entity or country has an interest. Blocked assets (e.g., property or bank deposits) cannot be paid out, withdrawn, set off or transferred in any manner without a license from OFAC. Other countries in which we operate, including Canada and the United Kingdom, also maintain economic and financial sanctions regimes. Some of our solutions, including software updates and third-party accessories, may be subject to U.S. export control laws, including the Export Administration Regulations; however, the vast majority of our products are non-U.S.-origin items, developed and manufactured outside of the United States, and therefore not subject to these laws. For third-party accessories, we rely on manufacturers to supply the appropriate export control classification numbers that determine our obligations under these laws. We cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international presence, our risks under these laws, rules, and regulations may increase. Further, any change in the applicability or enforcement of these laws, rules, and regulations could adversely impact our business operations and financial results. Detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations can require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, or economic sanctions laws, rules, and regulations could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension and/or debarment from contracting with certain persons, the loss of export privileges, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, revenues, financial condition, and results of operations would be significantly harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could further harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to a wide range of product regulatory and safety, consumer, worker safety and environmental laws and regulations. Our operations and the products we manufacture and/or sell are subject to a wide range of product regulatory and safety, consumer, worker safety and environmental laws and regulations. Compliance with such existing or future laws and regulations could subject us to future costs or liabilities, impact our production capabilities, constrict our ability to sell, expand or acquire facilities, restrict what solutions we can offer and generally impact our financial performance. Our products are designed for use in potentially explosive or hazardous environments. If our product design fails for any reason in such environments, we may be subject to product liabilities and future costs. In addition, some of these laws are environmental and relate to the use, disposal, remediation, emission, discharge of and exposure to hazardous substances. These laws often impose liability and can require parties to fund remedial studies or actions regardless of fault. Environmental laws have tended to become more stringent over time and any new obligations under these laws could have a negative impact on our operations or financial performance. 35 Laws focused on the energy efficiency of electronic products and accessories, recycling of both electronic products and packaging, reducing or eliminating certain hazardous substances in electronic products, and the transportation of batteries continue to expand significantly. Laws pertaining to accessibility features of electronic products, standardization of connectors and power supplies, the transportation of lithium-ion batteries, and other aspects are also proliferating. There are also demanding and rapidly changing laws around the globe related to issues such as product safety, radio interference, radio frequency radiation exposure, medical related functionality, and consumer and social mandates pertaining to use of wireless or electronic equipment. These laws, and changes to these laws, could have a substantial impact on whether we can offer certain products, solutions, and services, and on what capabilities and characteristics our products or services can or must include. These laws and regulations impact our products and could negatively impact our ability to manufacture and sell products competitively. In addition, we anticipate that we will see increased demand to meet voluntary criteria related to reduction or elimination of certain constituents from products, increasing energy efficiency and providing additional accessibility. Foreign currency fluctuations may reduce our competitiveness and sales in foreign markets. The relative change in currency values creates fluctuations in product pricing for international customers. These changes in foreign end-customer costs may result in lost orders and reduce the competitiveness of our products in certain foreign markets. These changes may also negatively impact the financial condition of some foreign customers and reduce or eliminate their future orders of our products. In addition, a significant portion of our research and development expenditure takes place in China and India. Fluctuations in the currency values of those countries could negatively impact our operating expenses. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Item 2. Properties. We maintain our corporate headquarters in a leased facility in San Diego, California . In addition, we lease a facility in Shenzhen, China, and a facility in Beijing, China for employees that perform engineering and logistics services. We believe that our facilities are suitable to meet our current needs. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. For information regarding our material legal proceedings, see “Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies” in the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in this Annual Report, which information is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 36 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “SONM.” Holders of Record As of March 20, 2023, there were 83 holders of record of our common stock based on information furnished by American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC, the transfer agent for our securities. Dividends We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determinations relating to our dividends and earning retention policies will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, who will review such policies from time to time in light of our earnings, cash flow generation, financial position, results of operations, the terms of our indebtedness and other contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None Purchase of Equity Securities None Item 6. Reserved 37 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition, Results of Operations. The following commentary should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto contained in Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Item 1A.,”Risk Factors,” included in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Company Overview We are a leading U.S. provider of ultra-rugged mobile devices, including phones and accessories designed specifically for task workers physically engaged in their work environments, often in mission-critical roles. We currently sell our ruggedized mobile phones and accessories to the three largest wireless carriers in the United States— AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon—as well as the three largest wireless carriers in Canada—Bell, Rogers and Telus Mobility. We also sell our ruggedized phones and accessories through distribution channels in North America, South America and Europe. Our devices and accessories connect workers with voice, data and workflow applications in two end markets: industrial enterprise and public sector. In the third quarter of 2022, we began selling tablet data devices. We generate revenues primarily from sales of our mobile phones, data devices, and industrial-grade accessories. We sell our mobile phones and accessories primarily to wireless carriers in both the United States and Canada, who then resell our products in conjunction with network services to end customers. We sell our tablets to a customer that rebrands them, and sells to customers in the U.S. Because our U.S. sales channel is primarily comprised of large wireless carriers, the number of customers that we sell to is limited. For the year ended December 31, 2022, 53% of our revenues came from large wireless carriers and 41% came from our top three carrier customers. Our tablet customer accounts for 42% of our revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our smartphones accounted for 27% of our revenues, our feature phones accounted for 31% of our revenues, and our tablets accounted for 42% of our revenues. Our tablet data devices are a new line of devices for the Company and tablet sales will continue through 2023. To help control and manage the quality, cost and reliability of our supply chain, we directly manage the procurement of certain final assembly materials used in our products, which include memory and LCDs, . To help contain costs and improve the efficiency of our operations, we have outsourced substantially all of our manufacturing functions, software development and quality control functions to third parties, transferring the employees who previously performed this work. We continue to develop differentiated products to attract and retain customers. Recent Developments Closure of the SEC Investigation with No Enforcement Action On March 6, 2023, we received a letter from the SEC that states that the Commission has concluded the investigation of the Company and does not intend to recommend any enforcement action against the Company. As a result, the Company expects to reduce its legal expense in 2023. Liquidity and Going Concern Currently, our principal source of liquidity consists of cash and cash equivalents totaling $13.2 million, as December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, our net loss was $14.1 million, and we have narrowed our net loss each quarter in 2022. Although we remain subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products, among others, we believe our operations have been streamlined to enable us to conduct business more effectively and efficiently despite near term economic uncertainty. However, we need to develop new products in 2023 to replace revenue of any declining sales of our existing products that continue to approach their end-of-life cycle. As a result of the foregoing, substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of issuance of the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Next Generation of Phones and Data Devices The Company is developing new consumer durable phones and new data devices. 38 Investment from AJP Holding Company On April 13, 2022, the Company entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with AJP Holding Company, LLC (“AJP”) whereby, subject to the terms thereof, AJP agreed to purchase from the Company an aggregate of 20,833,333 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Purchased Shares”) for a purchase price of $0.84 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million. The transaction was completed in July and August 2022. The Company incurred approximately $3.1 million of transaction related expenses that were offset against the proceeds. In conjunction with the AJP transaction, Peter Liu was appointed CEO in April 2022 and Robert Tirva, the President and CFO resigned in July 2022. Clay Crolius was appointed CFO in July 2022. Upon completion of the transaction, AJP held 52% of the voting shares of the Company. The new management implemented a new strategy of expanding the Company’s portfolio of cell phones into the semi-rugged and consumer durable markets. Nasdaq Delisting and Reverse Stock Split On February 16, 2022, we received a deficiency letter from the Staff of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below $1.00 per share, which is the minimum closing price required to maintain the Minimum Bid Requirement. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3) (A), we have been provided a period of 180 calendar days, or until August 15, 2022, in which to regain compliance. On August 16, 2022 we received notice of an additional 180-day period from Nasdaq to regain compliance through February 13, 2023. On February 14, 2023 we received a deficiency letter from the Staff. We have requested a hearing to ask for additional time to comply. On October 26, 2022, the shareholders approved up to a 1 to 15 stock split. We plan on executing the reverse split if our stock price does not remain above $1.00 as required prior to the expiration of any extension period that we obtain during our upcoming hearing. Macroeconomic Events During the fiscal year 2022, we operated under challenging market conditions, influenced by global events beyond our control such as the COVID-19 pandemic, tensions between the U.S. and China, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and other events discussed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K. We have implemented and continue to implement measures to address those challenges. We also continue to actively manage our inventory and establish a relationship with third-party manufacturers in an effort to minimize supply chain disruptions. Nevertheless, the above-described events had and will continue to impact the global macroeconomic and geopolitical environments, capital and commodity markets, and global supply chains, which may have an adverse impact on our operations and hinder our ability to access capital, if needed. Our cost of revenue may increase if the component prices increase. COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains and work force participation and created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets. As a result of COVID-19, our workforce shifted to operating in a primarily remote working environment, which has created productivity, connectivity, and oversight challenges. We have been experiencing and expect to continue to experience supply chain delays and higher shipping costs. The effects of the ongoing pandemic are unpredictable, and as a result, we may experience increased costs and/or disruption as long as the pandemic persists. 39 Key Metrics We review a variety of key financial metrics to help us evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our business strategies and assess operational efficiencies. Units Sold Our smartphones include the XP10, and XP8 models. The number of smartphone units sold during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 increased by 26%, primarily because the XP10 was launched in November 2022. Our feature phones include the XP3plus, XP3, XP5, XP5s, and XP5plus models. The number of feature phone units sold during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased by 49%, primarily because 2021 had higher sales of the XP3 and the XP3plus after it was launched in September 2021. The launch of the XP5plus had lower sales as a carrier delayed shipments due to excess inventory of other products. The Company’s expansion into data devices generated 326,000 units of tablet sales in 2022. Adjusted EBITDA In addition to our financial results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP and operational measures are useful in evaluating our performance related metrics. Smartphones Feature phones Tablets and other Total Units Sold Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) 37 102 330 469 (9,880 ) $ 29 198 2 229 (34,746) $ We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude the impact of stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, and income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA is a useful financial metric in assessing our operating performance from period to period by excluding certain items that we believe are not representative of our core business, such as certain material non-cash items and other adjustments, such as stock-based compensation. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA, viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, our reported GAAP results, provides useful information to investors regarding our performance and overall results of operations for various reasons, including: ● non-cash equity grants made to employees at a certain price do not necessarily reflect the performance of our business at such time, and as such, stock-based compensation expense is not a key measure of our operating performance; and ● costs associated with certain events, such as restructuring costs, are not considered a key measure of our operating performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA: ● as a measure of operating performance; ● for planning purposes, including the preparation of budgets and forecasts; ● to allocate resources to enhance the financial performance of our business; ● to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies; ● in communications with our board of directors concerning our financial performance; and ● as a consideration in determining compensation for certain key employees. 40 Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include: ● it does not reflect all cash expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; ● it does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, working capital needs; ● it does not reflect interest expense on our debt or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments; and ● other companies in our industry may define and/or calculate this metric differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Set forth below is a reconciliation from net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the respective periods: Net loss Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Interest expense Income taxes Adjusted EBITDA Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) (14,087 ) 2,375 1,551 97 184 (9,880 ) $ $ (38,627 ) 2,129 1,085 — 167 (34,746 ) $ $ We believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on many factors. While these factors present significant opportunities for our business, they also pose important challenges that we must successfully address in order to improve our results of operations. Research and Development We believe that our performance is significantly dependent on the investments we make in research and development and that we must continue to develop and introduce innovative new products on a two to three-year cycle. Our partnerships with ODMs are expected to enable us to shift between different types and numbers of devices under development without the need to adjust the size of our internal team. While the hardware design of our phones is generally the same for all wireless carriers, each device must be configured to conform to the requirements of each wireless carrier’s network, resulting in higher development expenses as the number of wireless carriers we sell through increases. In addition to the design and configuration costs, each device must undergo a multi-month technical approval process at each carrier before it can be certified to be stocked at each carrier. The approval process for each device for each carrier has historically cost between $1 million and $2 million. Prior to commencement of development of a product for certification, we generally do not receive any purchase orders or commitments. Following a carrier’s review of product concepts, we may receive a product award letter from that carrier to move forward with the development and certification process, at which time we may begin receiving advance purchase orders or commitments. Since the timing of when we seek technical approval with our wireless carriers tends to be cyclical in nature, quarter-over-quarter expenditures may vary significantly depending on the number of approvals in process during the quarter. If we fail to innovate and enhance our product offerings, our brand, market position and revenues may be adversely affected. If our research and development efforts are not successful, then we will not recover these investments that we make. New Customer Acquisitions We are focused on continuing to acquire new customers, both in North America and overseas, to support our long-term growth. Historically, we have been dependent on a small number of wireless carriers distributing our products. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in our sales and marketing efforts to drive new customer acquisition. A key part of our strategy is to further expand the use of our solutions over cellular networks in the public safety and industrial enterprise markets. We also intend to continue to invest in and expand our international sales teams. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing costs to increase as we seek to acquire new customers. Sales and marketing investments will often occur in advance of any sales benefits from these activities, and it may be difficult for us to determine if we are efficiently allocating our sales and marketing resources. 41 Seasonality and New Product Introduction We have historically experienced lower net revenue in our first quarter compared to other quarters in our fiscal year due to seasonal demand associated with the introduction of new products to our lead customers. New product introductions can significantly impact net revenue, gross profit and operating expenses. The timing of product introductions can also impact our net revenue as our wireless carrier customers prepare for a new product launch, and channel inventory of an older product often declines as the launch of a newer product approaches. Net revenue can also be affected when consumers and distributors anticipate a new product introduction. However, neither historical seasonal patterns nor historical patterns of product or service introductions should be considered reliable indicators of our future pattern of product or service introductions, future net sales or financial performance. Components of Our Results of Operations The following describes the line items set forth in our consolidated statements of operations. Revenues Revenues are recognized on the date that the customer receives the products sold or when title is passed to the customer upon shipment. For products shipped on consignment, revenue is not recognized until the products is sold to the end customer. Any discounts, marketing development funds, product returns or other revenue reductions are treated as offsets to revenues, which is presented on a net basis. A return reserve reduces revenue for products that are sold to distributors with a right of return. We have also historically entered into customer agreements with channel partners that include a combination of products and non-recurring engineering services, or NRE services. When a customer agreement includes NRE services which involve significant design modification and customization of the product software that is essential to the functionality of the hardware, revenues are also recognized as control transfers to the customer under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. All of our revenues are derived from a single segment. The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the sale of products, including our mobile phones, tablets, and accessories, and the majority of the Company’s contracts include only one performance obligation, namely the delivery of product. A performance obligation is a commitment in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is defined as the unit of account for revenue recognition under ASC 606. The Company also recognizes revenue from other contracts that may include a combination of products and NRE services or from the provision of solely NRE services. Where there is a combination of products and NRE services, the Company accounts for the commitments as individual performance obligations if they are both capable of being distinct and are distinct within the context of the contract. Our customer agreements with channel partners set forth the terms pursuant to which our channel partners purchase our products for distribution on a purchase order basis. While these arrangements are typically long term, they generally do not contain any firm purchase volume commitments. As a result, our channel partners are not contractually obligated to purchase from us any minimum number of products. However, while our channel partners provide us with demand forecasts under these sales arrangements, we are generally required to satisfy any and all purchase orders delivered to us within specified delivery windows, with limited exceptions (such as orders significantly in excess of forecasts). Our sales arrangements also generally include technical performance standards for our mobile phones and accessories sold, which vary by channel partner. If a technical issue with any of our covered products exceeds certain preset failure thresholds for the relevant performance standard or standards, the channel partner typically has the right to cease selling the product, cancel open purchase orders and levy certain monetary penalties. In addition, our channel partners retain sole discretion in which of their stocked products to offer their customers. We also offer our channel partners channel marketing and other limited promotional incentives, such as sales volume incentives, in exchange for retail price reductions. Under certain of our customer agreements, we may also offer NRE services in the form of third-party design services relating to the design of materials and software licenses used in the manufacturing of our products. Our tablet sales are with a customer that imports the tablets to the U.S., the tablets are branded, and sold to a U.S. retailer. Tablet sales are expected to continue through 2023. Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit/Gross Margin Cost of revenues for products manufactured by third parties is the negotiated price that the Company pays for the products. For products that were manufactured by the Company, the cost of revenues primarily consists of the following: ● Direct costs consist of raw materials, supplies and sub-assemblies used in the production of our products. Direct materials represent the majority of our direct manufacturing expenses. ● Direct labor costs expended in the final assembly and testing of our products. Labor is charged to each product based on the actual time required to build that specific product. ● Indirect manufacturing expense associated with producing our products, such as rent on production facilities, depreciation on production equipment and tooling, engineering and support salaries and other indirect manufacturing costs. 42 For both products manufactured by third parties and for products manufactured by the Company, cost of revenues includes other direct costs related to the shipment of the final product to the customer, including such items as shipping costs, royalties on third-party technology included in the product, warranty cost accruals and packaging and handling costs. Amortization of NRE expenses and contract fulfillment costs are part of cost of revenues. Gross profit is defined as revenues less cost of revenues. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenues. We expect that our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period, primarily as a result of changes in average selling price, changes in the price that we pay for inventory, revenue mix among our devices, and manufacturing costs. In addition, we may reserve against the value at which we carry our inventory based upon the device’s lifecycle and conditions in the markets in which we sell. Operating Expenses Our operating expenses consist of the following categories: Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based-compensation and employee benefits, as well as outsourced costs incurred through our ODM partnerships. Research and development expenses also include the costs of developing new products and supporting existing products. Research and development activities include the design of new products, refinement of existing products and design of test methodologies to ensure compliance with required specifications. We consider costs associated with achieving technical acceptance with each product at each carrier to be a contract fulfillment cost. We expect our research and development expenses to fluctuate over time as we experience the various product cycles of our devices. Sales and marketing. Sales expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, commissions to sales representatives, travel costs and employee benefits, as well as field support and customer training costs. Marketing expenses include all social media and collateral print media, and brand development expenses. General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel costs and employee benefits, as well as professional and consulting fees, legal fees, insurance, and occupancy costs. Income taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We account for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and the tax effects of net operating loss and credit carryforwards using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods of expected settlement. In addition, this method requires a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. 43 Results of Operations Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: The following tables present key components of our results of operations for the respective periods (In thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 vs 2021 Net revenues Cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Legal expenses Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest expense Other expense, net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net loss 2022 2021 (in thousands) $ 69,828 58,205 11,623 $ 54,570 48,156 6,414 7,973 7,274 9,612 1,054 25,913 (14,290 ) (97 ) 484 (13,903 ) (184 ) (14,087 ) $ 17,696 9,566 10,284 6,869 44,415 (38,001 ) — (459 ) (38,460 ) (167 ) (38,627 ) $ $ $ Increase (Decrease) % 15,258 10,049 5,209 (9,723 ) (2,292 ) (672 ) (5,815 ) (18,502 ) 23,711 (97 ) 943 24,557 (17 ) 24,540 28.0% 20.9% 81.2% -54.9% -24.0% -6.5% -84.7% -41.7% -62.4% -100.0% -205.4% -63.9% -10.2% -63.5% Net revenues. Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased by $15.3 million, or 28.0% to $69.8 million compared to $54.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net revenues was due to $25.5 million in tablet sales. The Company has expanded their portfolio with data devices such as the tablet and is developing additional data devices. The tablet sales are expected to continue in 2023. This was partially offset by a decrease in feature phone sales as higher sales from initial stocking of the XP3plus in 2021 resulted in a 74% drop in sales of the XP3plus in 2022. Cost of revenues. Total cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $10.0 million, or 20.9%, to $58.2 million, or 83.4% of revenues, compared to $48.2 million, or 88.2% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was attributable to the increase in tablet sales. The lower cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue in 2022 was due to sales mix and specifically the sale of relatively higher margin XP10’s in 2022. The tablets have a lower profit margin percentage than the XP10plus, but it is higher than the profit margin percentage for the XP3 in 2021. Gross profit and margin. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $5.2 million, or 81.2%, to $11.6 million, or 16.6% of revenues, from $6.4 million, or 11.8% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase to gross profit was primarily due to higher revenue from tablet sales and higher margins on the XP10. Research and development. Research and development expenses (‘R&D”) for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $9.7 million or 54.9%, to $8.0 million compared to $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was because 2021 included R&D on the XP3plus that was launched in 2021, a full year of R&D on the XP5plus that was launched in June 2022, and much of the R&D for the XP10 that was launched in November 2022. No new R&D projects were started in 2022. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $2.3 million, or 24.0% to $7.3 million compared to $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease is due to a $1.1 million decrease in personnel costs due to cost cutting measures and a $0.9 million decrease in handset demos that were provided to retail stores during 2021. 44 General and administrative. General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $0.7 million, or 6.5% to $9.6 million compared to $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This decrease was due primarily to a $0.9 million write-off of a bad debt in 2021, and lower rent expense as we terminated the San Mateo lease in 2022. These decreases were partially offset by severance costs of $1.2 million incurred in 2022. Legal expenses. Legal expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased by $5.8 million to $1.1 million compared to $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in legal expenses was primarily due to a decrease in expenses related to the SEC investigation. Interest expense. Interest expense increased by $0.1 million from zero due to the adoption of ASC 842 for leases (Note 6) in 2022. Other expense, net. Other expense, net improved by $0.9 million primarily due to a $0.7 million gain on the termination of the San Mateo lease (Note 6) in 2022. Income tax expense. We recognized income tax provision of $184 during 2022 as compared to $167 during 2021. The increase in tax expense in 2022 was primarily due to the Company’s increase in foreign tax expense for the foreign subsidiaries in 2022 as compared to 2021. Net loss. The net loss for December 31, 2022, was $14.1 million compared to net loss of $38.6 million for December 31, 2021. This $24.4 million improvement in the net loss is primarily due to a $9.7 million decrease to Research & Development expense, a $5.9 million decrease in legal expense, $5.2 million in higher gross sales margin due to higher revenue, and a $2.3 million decrease in Sales & Marketing expenses. Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA was negative $9.9 million, for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to negative $34.7 million, for the year ended December 31, 2021. This improvement was primarily due to the same factors in the improvement to the Net Loss. Liquidity and Capital Resources Historically, we have funded operations from a combination of public and private equity financings, convertible loans from existing investors and borrowings under loan agreements. As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any convertible loans or any other borrowing structures in place. Currently, our principal source of liquidity consists of cash and cash equivalents totaling $13.2 million, as December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, our net loss was $14.1 million. In 2023 we expect our net loss to narrow significantly from 2022 as our net sales margin and our operating expenses are expected to remain at levels similar to the last two quarters of 2022 where our net loss was $2.8 million. We believe that our operations have been streamlined to enable us to conduct business more effectively and efficiently. We have upgraded our ultra-rugged portfolio of phones and we have expanded into data devices. However, there is a risk that we will not be able to develop future products that our carrier customers will want to purchase. As a result of the foregoing, substantial doubt exists regarding our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of issuance of the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 45 To mitigate the risks noted above, our management is currently evaluating various funding alternatives and may seek to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, mezzanine or debt securities, through arrangements with strategic or investment partners with greater resources or access to funds, or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions. As we seek additional sources of financing, there can be no assurance that such financing would be available to us on favorable terms or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets is subject to several factors, including market and economic conditions, our performance and investor sentiment with respect to us and our industry. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Cash Flows The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the periods presented: Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Cash flows from operating activities 2022 $ 2021 $ (12,360 ) (8 ) 14,348 (38,476) (46) 27,614 For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was $12.4 million, primarily attributable to a net loss of $14.1 million. Non-cash charges were $1.3 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities were $0.2 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $1.5 million in stock-based compensation, $0.5 million in payment for services with common stock, partially offset by non-cash lease liability amortization, and $0.7 million in a non-cash gain on the termination of a lease. The changes in our net operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to an increase of $11.7 million in accounts payable due to amounts payable to the tablet vendors, a decrease in prepaid expenses of $3.5 million due to the release of prepaid taxes, deposits for manufacturing inventory and prepaid NRE, and a decrease in inventory of $1.3 million. These were partially offset by a $11.3 million increase in accounts receivable from the tablet customer, an increase in capitalized contract fulfillment costs of $4.8 million, and a decrease in accrued expenses of $1.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $38.5 million, primarily attributable to a net loss of $38.6 million. Non-cash charges of $5.7 million were partially offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $5.6 million. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $1.1 million in stock-based compensation, $1.6 million in inventory write-downs, $2.1 million in depreciation and amortization, and $0.9 million for an increase to the provision for doubtful accounts. The changes in our net operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to a $7.5 million increase in accounts receivable, an increase in other assets of $2.7 million, and an increase in non-trade receivable of $1.8 million, partially offset by a $4.2 million decrease in inventory, a $1.6 million decrease in prepaid expenses, and a $1.2 million increase in accounts payables and accrued liabilities. Cash flows from investing activities For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in investing activities was less than $0.01 million, attributable to the purchases of property and equipment. For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used in investing activities was $0.05 million, attributable to the purchases of property and equipment. Cash flows from financing activities For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash provided by financing activities was $14.3 million, primarily due to proceeds from the AJP transaction (see Note 9). For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash provided by financing activities was $27.6 million, primarily due to proceeds from issuance of common stock through the at-the- market stock sales program. 46 Material Cash Requirements We had approximately $20.0 million in noncancelable purchase orders for inventory and other operating expenses as of December 31, 2022. We had approximately $1.2 million in contractual obligations with a third-party software developer at December 31, 2022. We had $0.1 million in noncancelable operating lease commitments as of December 31, 2022. We anticipate the source of funds to meet these obligations to be existing cash and future product sales. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates See Note 1 for critical accounting policies and estimates Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates See “Note 1 – The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies” of “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” under the caption Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Item Disclosures About Market Risk. We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The following consolidated financial statements of Sonim Technologies, Inc., and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report are incorporated by reference from Part IV, Item 15(1) and (2): Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Moss Adams LLP, Campbell, California, PCAOB ID: 659) Consolidated Balance Sheets – At December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Operations – Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity– Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, prior to filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, and as a result of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described below, our principal executive and financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level. Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance, and not absolute assurance, that the desired control objectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals in all future circumstances. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met. 47 Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 using the criteria established in “Internal Control —Integrated Framework” (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO. Based on that assessment and due to the material weakness described below, our management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2022. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Material Weaknesses in Internal Control and Plan for Remediation With respect to the year ended December 31, 2021 , we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting related to the design and implementation of our IT general controls including a failure to document reviews of changes to user roles in our financial reporting systems and subsystems. Although we have made progress with the remediation of these issues, these efforts may not be sufficient to avoid similar material weaknesses in the future. In response to the conclusion set forth above, management has implemented new auditable evidence of ongoing reviews of changes in user roles during 2022. Since this new control was not present during all of 2022, the material weakness was not remediated in 2022. As part of our remediation efforts, we also improved our IT general controls by removing most elevated (administrator) access to financial reporting systems and by providing additional controls over administrator system access. We expect this material weakness to be fully remediated in 2023. Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting due to an exemption established for “emerging growth companies” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Except as otherwise disclosed, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. None. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. Not applicable. 48 PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or the Code of Conduct, applicable to all of our employees, executive officers, and directors. The Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.sonimtech.com. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors will be responsible for overseeing the Code of Conduct and must approve any waivers of the Code of Conduct for employees, executive officers, and directors. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Conduct, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website. The additional information required by this Item 10 will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our 2022 fiscal year. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information required by this Item 11 will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in either case to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our 2022 fiscal year. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information required by this Item 12 will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in either case to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our 2022 fiscal year. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. The information required by this Item 13 will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in either case to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our 2022 fiscal year. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. The information required by this Item 14 will either be (i) included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or (ii) incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in either case to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of our 2022 fiscal year. 49 PART IV Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules. The following documents are filed as part of this report: 1. Financial Statements. The following - consolidated financial statements and related documents are filed as part of this report: Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets – At December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Operations – Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity– Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Page F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 to F-27 2. Financial Statement Schedules. Schedules are omitted because they are not required or applicable, or the required information is included in the Financial Statements or related notes. 3. Exhibits. The Exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of, or furnished with, this report. 50 Exhibit Index Exhibit Number Description Form File No. Incorporated by Exhibit Reference 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant. 3.2 Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. 3.3 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. 4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant 4.4 Description of the Registrant’s Securities 10.1† 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreements thereunder 10.2† 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended) 8-K 8-K 8-K S-1/A 10-K S-1 8-K 001-38907 001-38907 001-38907 333-230887 001-38907 333-230887 001-38907 10.3† 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan S-1/A 333-230887 Filing Date May 17, 2019 September 15, 2021 November 8, 2021 April 29, 2019 March 27, 2020 April 15, 2019 October 27, 2022 April 29, 2019 April 15, 2019 3.1 3.1 3.1 4.1 4.4 10.1 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.4† Form of Indemnification Agreement, by and between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. 10.5+ Amended and Restated Global Patent License Agreement, by and between Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Publ) and the Registrant, effective as of January 1, 2017. 10.6+ Frame Purchase Agreement dated December 18, 2020 by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Dongguan Unicair Communication Technology Co. Ltd. 10.7+ Asset Purchase & Employee Transfer Agreement dated December 22, 2020 by and among Sonim Technologies (India) Private Limited and Coforge Ltd. 333-230887 S-1 S-1 333-230887 10.11 April 15, 2019 8-K 001-38907 10.1 December 18, 2020 8-K 001-38907 10.1 December 29, 2020 10.8+ ODM Services Agreement dated February 26, 2021 by and among Sonim 8-K 001-38907 Technologies, Inc. and FIH (Hong Kong) Limited 10.9† 2021 Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy. 10.10+ Subscription Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC 10.11 Form of Voting and Support Agreement 10.12† Retention and Separation Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Robert Tirva 10-Q 8-K 8-K 10-K 001-38907 001-38907 001-38907 001-38907 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.2 10.16 March 4, 2021 November 10, 2021 April 14, 2022 April 14, 2022 May 2, 2022 51 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 July 13, 2022 July 13, 2022 July 13, 2022 July 13, 2022 July 13, 2022 001-38907 001-38907 001-38907 001-38907 10.1 August 23, 2022 * * * * * * 10.13 Purchaser Support Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC 8-K 001-38907 10.14 Designee Support Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim 8-K 001-38907 Technologies, Inc. and Hao (Peter) Liu 10.15† Release Agreement dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Robert Tirva 10.16†+ Letter Agreement dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Clay Crolius 10.17 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and AJP Holding Company, LLC 10.18† Employment Agreement dated as of August 18, 2022, by and between Sonim Technologies, Inc. and Peter Hao Liu 8-K 8-K 8-K 8-K 21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant. 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d- 14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1* Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2* Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) 101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and Contained in Exhibit 101) * ** † + Filed herewith. Furnished herewith Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement Schedules and certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) and Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None 52 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Date March 20, 2023 Sonim Technologies, Inc. By: /s/ Clay Crolius Clay Crolius Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature /s/ Hao Liu Hao (Peter) Liu /s/ Clay Crolius Clay Crolius /s/ Alan Howe Alan Howe /s/ Mike Mulica Mike Mulica /s/ Jeffrey Wang Jeffrey Wang /s/ Jack Steenstra Jack Steenstra /s/ James Cassano James Cassano /s/ Jose C. Principe Jose C. Principe Title Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Director Director Chairman of the Board and Director Director Director Director 53 Date March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 March 20, 2023 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors Sonim Technologies, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Going Concern Uncertainty The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses from operations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Moss Adams LLP Campbell, California March 20, 2023 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013 F-1 SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2022 and 2021 (IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net Non-trade receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment, net Right-of-use-assets Contract fulfillment assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current portion of long-term debt Accounts payable Accrued liabilities Current portion of lease liability Deferred revenue Total current liabilities Income tax payable Accrued severance Long-term debt, less current portion Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) Stockholders’ equity Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized: and 40,774,687 and 18,808,885 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ $ $ $ 13,213 22,433 2,269 3,910 1,807 43,632 168 66 6,848 2,972 53,686 147 21,126 10,692 66 31 32,062 1,429 150 — 33,641 41 — 269,874 (249,870) 20,045 53,686 $ $ $ $ 11,233 10,803 2,255 5,544 5,852 35,687 534 — 2,345 2,524 41,090 148 9,473 11,353 — 11 20,985 1,409 — 66 22,460 19 — 253,416 (234,805) 18,630 41,090 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-2 SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 and 2021 (IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS) . 2022 2021 Net revenues Cost of revenues Gross profit Operating expenses: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Legal expenses Total operating expenses Loss from operations Interest expense Other income (expense), net Loss before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net loss Net loss per share, basic and diluted* Weighted–average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted* $ $ $ $ 69,828 58,205 11,623 7,973 7,274 9,612 1,054 25,913 (14,290) (97) 484 (13,903) (184) (14,087) (0.49) 28,889,111 $ $ 54,570 48,156 6,414 17,696 9,566 10,284 6,869 44,415 (38,001) — (459) (38,460) (167) (38,627) (4.08) 9,464,560 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. *Reflects the 1-for-10 reverse stock split that became effective on September 15, 2021. Refer to Note 1 – The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies for further information. F-3 SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, and 2021 (IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS) Balance at, January 1, 2021 Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock, settlement of long-term debt Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock upon purchase of ESPP Net settlement of common stock upon release of RSU Employee and nonemployee stock-based compensation Net loss Balance at, December 31, 2021 Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Issuance of common stock, compensation Net settlement of common stock upon release of RSU Adoption of ASC 842 – leases (See Note 6) Employee and nonemployee stock-based compensation Net loss Balance at, December 31, 2022 Common Stock Shares* Amount* Additional Paid-in Capital* Accumulated Stockholders’ Deficit Equity 6,631,039 12,101,691 29 707 55,683 19,736 — — 18,808,885 20,878,638 800,622 286,542 — — — 40,774,687 $ 7 12 — — — — — — 19 21 1 — — — — 41 $ 224,581 27,690 — 5 — 55 1,085 — 253,416 14,394 513 — — 1,551 — 269,874 $ (196,178) — — — — — — (38,627) (234,805) — — — (978) — (14,087) (249,870) $ 28,410 27,702 — 5 — 55 1,085 (38,627) 18,630 14,415 514 — (978) 1,551 (14,087) 20,045 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. * Reflects the 1-for-10 reverse stock split that became effective on September 15, 2021. Refer to Note 1 – The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies for further information. F-4 SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 and 2021 (IN THOUSANDS) Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: 2022 2021 $ (14,087) $ (38,627) Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Loss on disposal of assets Inventory write-downs Stock issued for services Amortization of lease liability Deferred income taxes Gain on termination of lease Bad debt expense Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Non-trade receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Contract fulfillment assets Other assets Accounts payable Accrued expenses Deferred revenue Income tax payable Net cash used in operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs Proceeds from exercise of stock options Proceeds from ESPP Repayment of long-term debt Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for income taxes 2,375 1,551 130 — 514 (788) — (730) 5 (11,635) (14) 1,634 4,045 (6,236) (448) 11,653 (369) 20 20 (12,360) (8) (8) 14,415 — — (67) 14,348 1,980 11,233 13,213 97 151 $ $ 2,129 1,085 54 1,594 — — (35) — 867 (7,518) (1,802) 4,181 1,617 544 (3,271) 617 (83) 6 166 (38,476) (46) (46) 27,702 5 55 (148) 27,614 (10,908) 22,141 11,233 — 87 $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 SONIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (In Thousands, except Share and Per Share Amounts) NOTE 1 —The Company and its significant accounting policies Description of Business —Sonim Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware on August 5, 1999, and is headquartered in San Diego, California. The Company is a leading U.S. provider of ultra-rugged mobile phones and accessories designed specifically for task workers physically engaged in their work environments, often in mission-critical roles. On September 15, 2021, the Company effected a 1-for-10 stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock on that date. Additionally, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, the exercise price of all of its outstanding stock options, and the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to its equity compensation plans were adjusted proportionately in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. The number of authorized shares of common stock under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the par value per share of its common stock were unchanged. All historical share and per share amounts presented herein have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect these changes. Liquidity and Ability to Continue as a Going Concern – Our consolidated financial statements account for the continuation of our business as a going concern. We are subject to the risks and uncertainties associated with the development and release of new products. Our principal sources of liquidity as of December 31, 2022, consist of existing cash and cash equivalents totaling $13,213, and our ability to raise additional capital through the issuance of equity, and positive cash flow from the sale of products that are currently in development over the next year. The Company had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $14,087 and used $12,360 in cash from operations that raises substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. To alleviate a potential lack of liquidity, management is currently evaluating various funding alternatives and may seek to raise additional funds through other issuances of equity, mezzanine or debt securities, through arrangements with strategic or investment partners with greater sources of financing or through obtaining credit from government or financial institutions. The Company’s ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets is subject to several factors, including market and economic conditions, the Company’s performance and investor sentiment with respect to the Company and its industry. Financial Statement Presentation—The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for annual financial information. Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sonim Technologies. Inc. and its wholly owned foreign subsidiaries, Sonim Technologies (INDIA) Private Limited, Sonim Technologies (Shenzhen) Limited, Sonim Technologies Shenzhen Limited Beijing Branch, Sonim Technologies (Hong Kong) Limited and Sonim Communications India Private Limited (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Reclassifications — Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Estimates —The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. These estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates related to revenue recognition; valuation assumptions regarding the determination of the fair value of common stock, as well as stock options; the useful lives of our long-lived assets; product warranties; loss contingencies; the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities, including uncertain tax positions; the net realizable value of inventory; and allowances for bad debt. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. F-6 Concentrations of Credit Risk—The Company’s product revenues are concentrated in the technology industry, which is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Significant technological changes in the industry or customer requirements, or the emergence of competitive products with new capabilities or technologies, could adversely affect the Company’s consolidated operating results. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high-quality, federally insured commercial banks in the United States and cash balances are in excess of federal insurance limits at December 31, 2022 and 2021. On March 10, 2023, SVB was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the FDIC as receiver. If any of the financial institutions with whom we do business were to be placed into receivership, then we may be unable to access the cash that we have on deposit with such institutions. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. To reduce credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. The Company analyzes the need for reserves for potential credit losses and records allowances for doubtful accounts when necessary. The Company had allowances for such losses totaling approximately $113 and $932 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and recognized $5 and $936 in bad debt expense during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Segment Information—The Company operates in one reporting segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is the chief executive officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level. Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposited with banks and money market funds. Included in the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are amounts held by foreign subsidiaries. The Company had $1,061 and $432 of foreign cash and cash equivalents included in the Company’s cash positions on December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—Accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from customers in the course of normal business activities. Collateral on trade accounts receivable is generally not required. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable. The allowance is based on our assessment of known delinquent accounts. Accounts are written off against the allowance account when they are determined to be no longer collectible. Inventory—The Company reports inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a first-in, first-out method (“FIFO”) and includes the cost of inventory, materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company periodically reviews its inventory for potential slow-moving or obsolete items and writes down specific items to net realizable value, as appropriate. The Company writes down inventory based on forecasted demand and technological obsolescence. These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions, technology changes, new product introductions, and changes in strategic direction, and require estimates that may include uncertain elements. Actual demand may differ from forecasted demand and such differences may have a material effect on recorded inventory values. Any write-down of inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value creates a new cost basis that subsequently would not be marked up based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances. Property and Equipment—Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally 24 to 36 months. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Leases—The Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or finance leases, and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as both a right of use asset and a lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset results in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. Variable lease expenses are recorded when incurred. In calculating the right of use assets and lease liabilities, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election, and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Non-recurring Engineering (“NRE”) Tooling and Purchased Software Licenses—Third-party design services relating to the design of tooling materials and purchased software licenses used in the manufacturing process are capitalized and included in other assets within the consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, amortization of NRE tooling and NRE software costs approximating $13 and $72 were charged to cost of revenues. The related net book value is $13 and $26, respectively, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. F-7 Long-lived Assets—The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. No such impairments have been identified to date. Revenue Recognition — The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the sale of products, including our mobile phones, tablets, and accessories. The Company also recognizes revenue from other contractual arrangements that may include a combination of products and NRE services or from the provision of solely NRE services. Revenue recognition incorporates discounts, price protection and customer incentives. In addition to cooperative marketing and other incentive programs, the Company has arrangements with some distributors, which allow for price protection and limited rights of return, generally through stock rotation programs. Under the price protection programs, the Company gives distributors credits for the difference between the original price paid and the Company’s then current price. Under the stock rotation programs, certain distributors are able to exchange certain products based on the number of qualified purchases made during the period. The Company’s handsets typically require a technical approval process. This process entails design and configuration activities required to conform the Company’s devices to a wireless carrier customer’s specific their network requirements. Each wireless carrier defines its own specific functional requirements and certification process in order for the product to be ready for manufacture. While the technical approval process does involve some level of customization, in addition to design and configuration, the Company does not charge separately and is not reimbursed for these activities to the extent that they do not involve significant customization and does not incur these costs in advance of entering into binding agreements with its wireless carrier customers. Such technical approval is obtained prior to shipment. Revenue is recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for its arrangements, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Cost of Revenues—Cost of revenues includes direct and indirect costs associated with the manufacture of the Company’s products as well as with the performance of NRE services in connection with significant design modification and customization. Direct costs include the cost of inventory, material and labor, royalty, depreciation and amortization, while indirect costs include other labor and overhead costs incurred in manufacturing the product. Advertising—The Company expenses the costs of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company had no advertising expenses. Shipping and Handling Costs—When the Company bills customers for shipping and handling it includes such amounts as part of revenue. Costs incurred for shipping and handling are recorded in cost of revenues. Deferred Revenues—Deferred revenues represents the amount that is allocated to undelivered elements in multiple element arrangements. We limit the revenue recognized to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services or meeting other specified performance conditions. Research and Development—Research and development expenses consist of compensation costs, employee benefits, development fees paid to ODM partners, research supplies, allocated facility related expenses and allocated depreciation and amortization. Research and development expenses include costs incurred for the design and configuration activities of new products to conform to the specific functional requirements of the Company’s wireless carrier customers necessary to prepare the product for manufacture. The Company determined that the NRE technical approval costs and the NRE field test costs are contract fulfillment costs and recognizes the associated NRE asset as these costs are incurred. The Company tracks the NRE asset by product and customer, then amortizes the NRE assets over a period of 4 years, which is management’s estimated average product life for each model phone, starting from the date of the first significant sales. F-8 Stock-Based Compensation—The Company measures equity classified stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense of those awards, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. For awards subject to performance conditions, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving each performance condition at each reporting date and begins to recognize expense over the requisite service period when it is deemed probable that a performance condition will be met using the accelerated attribution method. The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is described more fully in Note 10. The fair value of each restricted stock award is measured as the fair value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Warranty—The Company provides standard warranty coverage on its accessories and handsets for one and three years, respectively, providing labor and parts necessary to repair the systems during the warranty period. The warranty coverage is an assurance type warranty, and thus is not a separate performance obligation. The Company accounts for the estimated warranty cost as a charge to cost of revenues when revenue is recognized. The estimated warranty cost is based on historical product performance and field expenses. Utilizing actual service records, the Company calculates the average service hours and parts expense per system to determine the estimated warranty charge. The Company updates these estimated charges periodically. The actual product performance and/or field expense profiles may differ, and in those cases the Company adjusts warranty accruals accordingly. From time to time, the Company ships mobile devices to its customers as seed stock. The seed stock represents extra units of mobile devices beyond the original mobile devices ordered by the customer and are primarily used to facilitate warranty coverage of mobile devices received by our customers from their direct customers. The warranty liability account balance is based on management’s estimates of the lifetime return rate for each model and the cost to repair each returned model. These assumptions are based on historical rates for similar products and on actual return rates. If the estimated cost to repair each unit increased by 10%, then the warranty liability balance would be $68 higher at December 31, 2022. If the lifetime return rate was increased by 10%, then the warranty liability balance would be $68 higher at December 31, 2022. The cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 would increase by the same amount as an increase in the warranty liability. Decreases to these rates of 10% will reduce the warranty liability by the same amount. Comprehensive Income or Loss—The Company had no items of comprehensive income or loss other than net loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive loss has not been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Foreign currency translation—The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for its significant subsidiaries. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the end-of-period exchange rates except for property and equipment, and related depreciation and amortization, which are translated at the historical exchange rates. Expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Foreign assets held directly by the Company include certain accounts receivable balances and bank accounts which are translated in the U.S. dollar at the end-of-period exchange rates. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had approximately $102 and $378, respectively, in net foreign currency transactions losses, which are included in other expense, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Sales taxes—Sales and value added taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and not included in revenue. Income taxes—The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. Compliance with income tax regulations requires the Company to make decisions relating to the transfer pricing of revenue and expenses between each of its legal entities that are located in several countries. The Company’s determinations include many decisions based on management’s knowledge of the underlying assets of the business, the legal ownership of these assets, and the ultimate transactions conducted with customers and other third parties. The calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple tax jurisdictions. The Company may be periodically reviewed by domestic and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These reviews may include questions regarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In evaluating the exposure associated with various filing positions, the Company records estimated reserves when it is more likely than not that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. Such estimates are subject to change. See Note 11, “Income Taxes”. Net Loss per Share—Net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, for purposes of the calculation of diluted net loss per share, warrants to purchase stock, unvested restricted stock units and stock options to purchase common stock are considered potentially dilutive securities but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect is antidilutive. As a result, diluted net loss per share is the same as the basic net loss per share for the periods presented. F-9 New accounting pronouncements: The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s consolidated financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. Pronouncements adopted in 2022: In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, which requires lessees to recognize a liability associated with obligations to make payments under the terms of the arrangement in addition to a right-of-use asset representing the lessee’s right to use, or to control the use of the given asset assumed under the lease. As an emerging growth company, the Company has elected to adopt the standard based on nonpublic business entities implementation dates for annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2022. See Note 6 for additional information. NOTE 2 —Revenue recognition The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the sale of products, including mobile phones, scanners, and accessories, and the majority of the Company’s contracts include only one performance obligation, namely the delivery of product. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is defined as the unit of account for revenue recognition under ASC 606. The Company also recognizes revenue from other contracts that may include a combination of products and NRE services or from the provision of solely NRE services. Where there is a combination of products and NRE services, the Company accounts for the promises as individual performance obligations if they are concluded as distinct. Performance obligations are considered distinct if they are both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. In determining whether performance obligations meet the criteria for being distinct, the Company considers a number of factors, such as the degree of interrelation and interdependence between obligations, and whether or not the good or service significantly modifies or transforms another good or service in the contract. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any contracts in which the products and NRE services were concluded to be a single performance obligation. In certain cases, the Company may offer tiered pricing based on volumes purchased for specific model phones. To date, all tiered pricing provisions have fallen into observable ranges of pricing to existing customers, thus, not resulting in any material right which could be concluded as its own performance obligation. In addition, the Company does not offer material post-contract support services to its customers. F-10 Net revenue for an individual contract is recognized at the related transaction price, which is the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the goods and/or services. The transaction price for product sales is calculated as the product selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for marketing development funds, sales incentives, and price protection and stock rotation rights. The Company generally does not offer a right of return to its customers, except for certain distributors where the company estimates future returns and reduces revenue on sales subject to return and maintains a reserve for returns allowance. Typically, variable consideration does not need to be constrained as estimates are based on specific contract terms. However, the Company continues to assess variable consideration estimates such that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur. The transaction price for a contract with multiple performance obligations is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices for products are determined based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable. Standalone selling price of the professional services are mostly based on time and materials. We determine our estimates of variable consideration based on historical collection experience with similar payor classes, aged accounts receivable by payor class, terms of payment agreements, correspondence from payors related to revenue audits or reviews, our historical settlement activity of audited and reviewed claims and current economic conditions using the portfolio approach. Revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized will not occur in future periods. Revenue is then recognized for each distinct performance obligation as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue attributable to hardware is recognized at the time control of the product transfers to the customer. Control is generally transferred when the Company has a present right to payment and title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of products or services are transferred to its customers. For most of the Company’s revenue attributable to hardware, control transfers when products are shipped. Revenue attributable to professional services is recognized as the Company performs the professional services for the customer. Disaggregation of revenue The following table presents our net revenue disaggregate by product category for the years ended: Smartphones Feature Phones Tablets Accessories/Other Total Revenue Shipping and handling costs Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) 17,763 21,252 29,475 1,338 69,828 $ $ 14,794 37,723 — 2,053 54,570 $ $ The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. Contract costs Applying the practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred when the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. The non-recurring costs associated with design and development of new products for technical approval, represent costs to fulfill a contract pursuant to ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs. Accordingly, the Company capitalizes these non-recurring engineering costs and amortizes such costs over the estimated period of time over which they are expected to be recovered, which is typically 4 years, the estimated life of a particular model phone. The total capitalized costs to fulfill a contract is primarily associated with Company’s introduction of the XP10, XP5plus, and XP3plus model phones. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the total costs to fulfill a contract included in other assets were $6,848 and $2,345, respectively. F-11 Contract balances The Company records accounts receivable when it has an unconditional right to consideration. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company does not have a contract receivable balance. Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and deferred revenue, where the Company has unsatisfied performance obligations. Contract liabilities are presented as a component of deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the contract liabilities were $31 and $11, respectively, with the contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022, expected to be recognized into revenue in 2023. The following table is a rollforward of contract balances as of December 31, 2022: Balance at January 1, 2022 Recognition of revenue Addition of revenue Balance at December 31, 2022 NOTE 3 —Fair value measurement Contractual Liability 2022 2021 $ $ 11 (1,001) 1,021 31 $ $ 5 (880) 886 11 The fair value measurements standard establishes a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under the standard are described below: Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include: ● Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; ● Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; ● Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; ● Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Money market funds are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices. The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. F-12 The following tables sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Company’s assets and liabilities at fair value: Assets: Money market funds * Assets: Money market funds * Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total December 31, 2022 $ $ 1,501 $ — $ — $ 1,501 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total December 31, 2021 1,500 $ — $ — $ 1,500 * Included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. NOTE 4 —Significant Balance Sheet Components Inventory consisted of the following: Devices - for resale Raw materials Accessories December 31 2022 2021 $ $ 3,473 $ 14 423 3,910 $ 2,952 1,986 606 5,544 In August 2022, the Company stopped purchasing raw materials used by third-party manufacturers in the manufacturing of Sonim’s legacy devices. Excess raw materials were sold to ODM partners. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a $1,594 write-down of the inventory value for scanners, aging raw materials and aging finished goods. The Company accrued a loss of approximately $300 on purchase commitments in connection with end-of-life products. Distributor returns allowance The Company records reductions to revenue related to future distributor product returns based on the Company’s expectation. The Company had inventory related to distributor product returns totaling approximately $4 and $229 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following: Deposits for manufacturing inventory Prepaid taxes Refundable value added taxes Prepaid – NRE Prepaid licenses and royalties Director and officer insurance Prepaid parts (direct buy) Other December 31 2022 2021 — $ 433 45 — 366 250 193 520 1,807 $ 1,041 544 1,693 350 552 770 185 717 5,852 $ $ F-13 Property and equipment consisted of the following: Computer equipment Software Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment Leasehold Improvements Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization December 31 2022 2021 412 $ — 175 — 587 (419) 168 $ 3,994 981 175 179 5,329 (4,795) 534 $ $ Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $244 and $301, respectively. During 2022, the Company retired or disposed of computer equipment, software, and leasehold improvements with a cost of $4,751 and accumulated depreciation of $4,621 as the Company stopped manufacturing in 2022 and two U.S. leases were terminated. The Company recorded a loss on the disposal of assets of $130 on these disposals that is included in other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During 2021, the Company disposed of computer equipment with a cost of $910 and accumulated depreciation of $856. Contract fulfillment assets are capitalized costs to test and obtain certification for cell phones with specific carriers. These costs are amortized over the estimated life of a phone model, which is four years. Contract fulfillment assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are $6,848 and $2,345 respectively. Other assets consisted of the following: Advances to third party manufacturer Deposits Director and officer insurance Other Accrued liabilities consisted of the following: Customer allowances Employee-related liabilities Warranties Accrual for goods received not invoiced Contractual obligations Royalties Research and development and fulfillment costs Credits due to customers Shipping Returns allowance Legal Other F-14 December 31 2022 2021 2,000 $ 311 525 136 2,972 $ December 31 2022 2021 4,130 $ 1,365 636 301 1,107 256 1,469 961 — 6 296 165 10,692 $ 2,000 431 — 93 2,524 3,148 1,893 836 668 1,035 1,210 1,158 — 157 390 517 341 11,353 $ $ $ $ The table below sets forth the activity in the warranty liability account, which is included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: Balance, January 1, 2022 Additions Cost of warranty claims Balance, December 31, 2022 Balance, January 1, 2021 Additions Cost of warranty claims Balance, December 31, 2021 $ $ $ $ 836 1,493 (1,693) 636 1,530 1,086 (1,780) 836 NOTE 5 — Accounts Receivable The following table presents the components of the Company’s receivables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: Trade receivables Allowance for doubtful accounts Accounts receivable, net Vendor non-trade receivables Total accounts receivable December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ $ 22,239 $ (113) 22,126 2,269 24,395 $ 11,735 (932) 10,803 2,255 13,058 The Company has non-trade receivables from manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of components to the vendors who manufacture and assemble final products for the Company. The Company analyzes the need for reserves for potential credit losses and records allowances for doubtful accounts when necessary. The Company had allowances for such losses totaling approximately $113 and $932 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During 2022, $821 of the allowance from 2021 was used to write-off a receivable from a distributor. Trade receivables from the customer that purchases tablets from the Company accounts for 84% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2022. The tablets business uses the ODM model where the customer imports the tablets to the U.S., the tablets are rebranded, and the tablets are sold to a U.S. retailer. Due to the delay in shipping the product to the end customer, the payment terms for accounts receivable are much longer than our traditional direct sales to carriers. The customer is making regular payments, and the Company believes that the entire accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 is collectible, and that no reserve is needed. At December 31, 2022, one carrier customer accounted for 70% of total accounts receivable. NOTE 6 —Leases The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2022. The Company elected to use “the effective date” method where the comparative reporting periods is unchanged from legacy US GAAP. The Company elected the package of practical expedients to not reassess the classifications of existing leases and to not reassess if initial direct costs qualify for capitalization. The Company identified and continued to classify six leases as operating leases at January 1, 2022. All of the Company’s leases are for office space. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components for all leases. At adoption of ASC 842, the Company determined the fair value of the lease liability for each of the four operating leases (excluding the short-term leases) as the net present value of future lease payments using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate of 8.5%. The incremental borrowing rate was determined by management as the interest rate that the Company would pay for a loan with a repayment stream that is the same as the lease payment stream and for a loan that is secured by the underlying lease assets. The Company determined that the incremental rate was 8.5% for all four leases at January 1, 2022. An ROU asset that represents the Company’s right to use the leased asset, was established at adoption for the same amount as the lease liability. Per ASC 842, ROU assets were reduced by $142 with the derecognition of deferred lease liabilities from December 31, 2021. F-15 One of the Company’s ROU assets is part of an asset group that had indicators of impairment (sublease income that is significantly less than the head lease obligation) as of December 31, 2021 and accordingly subject to an impairment analysis under ASC 360 at that time. At December 31, 2021 the amount of leasehold improvements and other recorded assets related to the asset group were not significant and as a result no impairment was required prior to adoption of ASC 842; however, had the recorded assets of the group at December 31, 2021 been significant an impairment charge would have been required. Upon adoption of ASC 842 and the recording of the ROU asset within this asset group, the Company reassessed impairment under ASC 360. As a result of this assessment, it was determined that as of the adoption date the fair value of the asset group was less than the recorded carrying value upon adoption and an impairment related to the ROU asset of $978 was required. Since all impairment conditions and events were present at December 31, 2021 as well as the adoption date, the Company recognized the impairment of $978 as an adjustment to beginning of the year retained earnings upon the adoption date. The Company entered into a sublease for the above property in September 2021 that had sublease income that was significantly less than the head lease payments. This sublease is for 13 months which, at the option of the subtenant, can be extended for 12 additional months. In determining the fair value of the ROU asset, the Company assumed that the subtenant will extend the lease because the sublease payments are less than market value. The Company determined that the fair value of the ROU asset as the sum of the sublease payments for the 25 months of the sublease. The Company is amortizing this ROU asset as sublease payments are received. On August 31, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with the landlord to cancel the head lease for $260 in consideration paid by the Company to the landlord. On August 31, 2022 the Company derecognized the remaining lease liability and ROU asset. This resulted in a $730 gain on the termination of the lease. The sublease was terminated when the head lease was terminated. The Company elected the practical expedient for short-term leases for two leases that had terms of one year or less. ROU assets and lease liabilities were not established for these two short-term leases and rent payments are recorded as rent expense. On January 1, 2022 the Company began recording all lease payments as the payment of lease interest expense and a reduction of the lease liability for the four leases that are not short-term. ROU assets are amortized over the life of the Company’s lease. The following table shows the activity of the ROU assets and lease liability for the year ended on December 31, 2022: Balance, December 31, 2021 Adoption of ASC 842 Derecognition on cancelation of lease Principal payments Balance, December 31, 2022 Less short-term portion Long term lease liability Balance, December 31, 2021 Adoption of ASC 842 Derecognition of deferred rent liability Impairment of ROU asset Derecognition on cancelation of lease Amortization Balance, December 31, 2022 $ $ $ $ Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating lease commitments are as follows as of December 31, 2022: Year Ending, December 31st, 2023 2024 2025 2026 Total undiscounted minimum lease commitments Effect of discounting Lease liabilities at December 31, 2022 F-16 $ $ $ Lease Liability — 1,805 (1,211) (528) 66 66 — ROU Assets — 1,805 (142) (978) (221) (398) 66 66 — — — 66 — 66 In connection with leases, for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $398 for the amortization of ROU assets, $97 for interest expense on lease liabilities, and no rent expense that was included in Cost of Revenues. Variable lease payments, including reimbursements to the landlord for property taxes and operating expenses, of approximately $143 and short-term rent payments of $11 were included in rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, and were offset by $80 in sublease income. The Company does not have any lease extension or termination options on any lease. There are no residual value guarantees in any lease. The weighted average remaining lease term of the operating leases is approximately 0.2 years. The weighted average of the discount rate for both the discount rate used to calculate the lease liabilities and the remaining balance of the lease payments for each lease as of December 31, 2022 is 8.5%. NOTE 7 —Borrowings Long-Term Debt Promissory Notes Payable—In 2014 and 2017, the Company entered into agreements with one of its suppliers, whereby certain of its trade payables for royalties and royalty up-front payments were converted to payment plans. In December 2018, the Company amended its accounts payable financing agreements, effective January 1, 2019, which provides for the $736 outstanding balance to be paid in twenty equal quarterly installments. The amounts due under these agreements would be paid in quarterly installments over periods from two to four years, with interest ranging up to 8%. Remaining balances are $147 and $214 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The entire balance is short term as of December 31, 2022. The components of the long-term debt balance as of December 31, are as follows: Promissory note payable Less current portion Total long-term debt There is no long-term debt as of December 31, 2022. NOTE 8 —Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity $ $ 2022 2021 147 $ (147) — $ 214 (148) 66 On November 2, 2018, the Company amended and restated its previous certificate of incorporation and adjusted its authorized capital stock (par value of $0.001) to consist of 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote of each matter properly submitted to the stockholders of the Company for vote. As of December 31, 2021, no shares of preferred stock have been issued. The following table shows shares of common stock reserved as of: Shares subject to options to purchase common stock Unvested restricted stock units Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock Total NOTE 9 —Stockholders Equity December 31 2022 2021 4,476,215 860,888 2 5,337,105 95,413 347,111 2 442,526 On April 13, 2022, the Company entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with AJP Holding Company, LLC (“AJP”) whereby, subject to the terms thereof, AJP agreed to purchase from the Company an aggregate of 20,833,333 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Purchased Shares”) for a purchase price of $0.84 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million. F-17 Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Subscription Agreement, the Purchased Shares were issued in two tranches: (i) 14,880,952 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Initial Shares”) was issued in consideration for an aggregate purchase price of $12.5 million (“First Closing”) and (ii) 5,952,381 shares will be issued for an aggregate purchase of $5.0 million. The first closing was completed on July 13, 2022 and the second closing was completed on August 8, 2022. In connection with the closings, the Company incurred approximately $3,130 of expenses which was offset against the proceeds in the third quarter of 2022. Upon completion of the transaction, AJP controlled approximately 52% of Sonim’s post-transaction outstanding common stock. The agreement with AJP will also include a transition of the management team and the Company’s Executive Vice President for Global Operations and Engineering, who was appointed as Chief Executive Officer, effective April 14, 2022. The CEO is affiliated with the investment group at AJP. The Company continued to use the historical basis of assets and liabilities following the transaction. On July 13, 2022, Robert Tirva, the CFO and President of the Company, resigned and became eligible for $1 million in severance payments over 20 months, plus certain health insurance benefits, if he meets certain requirements. The severance costs were charged to expense as of the severance date. On September 30, 2022, approximately $1.2 million in severance costs that were triggered by the AJP transaction were included in accrued expenses. On July 13, 2022, the Company appointed Clay Crolius as Chief Financial Officer. On July 13, 2022 two of the Company’s Board Members resigned and the remaining Board of Directors appointed three new Board Members, including a representative of AJP. On July 14, 2022 the Board of Directors appointed two additional Board Members including Peter Liu, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. On September 15, 2021, the Company effected a 1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock on that date. Additionally, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, the exercise price of all of its outstanding stock options, and the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to its equity compensation plans were adjusted proportionately in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. The number of authorized shares of common stock under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the par value per share of its common stock were unchanged. All historical share and per share amounts presented herein have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect these changes. On June 30, 2021, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Sales Agents to sell shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $10,000, from time to time, through the June 2021 ATM Program. Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, we paid the Sales Agents a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from each sale of common stock sold through it under the Sales Agreement. We exhausted this June 2021 ATM Program on July 14, 2021, selling an aggregate of 1,820,785 shares of our common stock at a weighted average net price per share of $4.59 and for net proceeds of approximately $8,313 during the year ended December 31, 2021. On September 23, 2021, we entered into a new Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent, to sell shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $41,637 from time to time, through a new ATM Program. Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, we will pay the Sales Agent a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from each sale of common stock sold through it under the Sales Agreement. From September 27, 2021 through December 31, 2021, we issued and sold an aggregate of 10,280,906 shares of our common stock at a weighted average net price per share of $1.89 under the ATM Program for net proceeds of approximately $19,389. All proceeds were received by December 31, 2021. From January 1, 2022 through January 4, 2022, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 45,305 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $0.99 under the ATM Program for net proceeds of approximately $45. NOTE 10—Stock-based Compensation On September 15, 2021, the Company effected a 1-for-10 stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock on that date. Additionally, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, the exercise price of all of its outstanding stock options, and the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance pursuant to its equity compensation plans were adjusted proportionately in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. All historical share and per share amounts presented herein have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect these changes. F-18 As of December 31, 2022, the Company had the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Option Plan”), 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Option Plan”) and the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan in place. As of December 31, 2022, the number of shares available to be issued under the 2019 Option Plan were 496,915. The 2019 Option Plans provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options (“Options”), stock appreciation rights (“SAR”), restricted stock awards (“RSA”), and restricted stock unit awards (“RSU”) to employees, nonemployee directors, and consultants of the Company. Option awards granted under the 2019 Option Plan generally become exercisable ratably over a two-year or four-year period following the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of grant. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, certain awards may be exercisable immediately at the date of grant but are subject to a repurchase right, under which the Company may buy back any unvested shares at their original exercise price in the event of an employee’s termination prior to full vesting. All other awards are exercisable only to the extent vested. At, December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no shares that had been early exercised that were subject to the Company’s repurchase right at that date. The exercise price or strike price for Options and SARs granted under the 2019 Option Plan must generally be at least equal to 100% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors. The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under the 2019 Option Plan to ten percent or greater stockholders must be at least equal to 110% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors, and are not exercisable after five years from the date of grant. The Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the 2019 Option Plan in March 2019 and April 2019, respectively, each of which became effective in connection with the IPO. There are 54,137 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year for 10 years, starting January 1, 2020, and ending on, and including, January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the prior calendar year, and (ii) 50,000 shares, unless the Board of Directors or the compensation committee of the Board of Directors determines prior to such date that there will be a lesser increase, or no increase. The increase under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan for 2021 was 50,000 shares. During 2022, there was no activity for the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. As of December 31, 2022, 1,862,684 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2019 Option Plan, plus the number of shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2012 Option Plan that are forfeited, terminated, expire or are otherwise not issued. Additionally, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Option Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year for 10 years, starting January 1, 2020 and ending on and including January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the prior calendar year, unless the Board of Directors or compensation committee determines prior to the date of increase that there will be a lesser increase, or no increase. The increase under the 2019 Option Plan for 2022 and 2021 was 940,444 and 331,551 shares. In July 2022, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2019 Option Plan by 5,000,000 shares, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on October 26, 2022. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, zero and 19,736 shares of common stock respectively were issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. On July 17, 2022, and June 18, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 383,163 restricted stock units to the Company’s board of directors. On August 5, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 171,428 restricted stock units to the Company’s board of directors. On October 26, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 4,414,419 in options for the Company’s stock to two executives. On November 18, 2022, the Company granted an aggregate of 286,392 restricted stock units to the Company’s board of directors. On June 17, 2021, and June 18, 2021, the Company granted an aggregate of 46,747 restricted stock units to the Company’s board of directors and an executive. On July 1, 2021, the Company granted an aggregate of 850 restricted stock units to the Company’s employees. On October 8, 2021, the Company granted an aggregate of 75,000 restricted stock units to a member of the board of directors. On November 12, 2021, the Company granted an aggregate of 97,671 restricted stock units to members of the board of directors. F-19 The stock-based compensation expense is as follows: Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Cost of revenues For the Year Ended December 31 2022 2021 $ $ 18 $ 68 1,426 39 1,551 $ 159 188 673 65 1,085 On January 27, 2022, 415,023 shares of common stock were issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as payment to three executives for bonuses that relate to the 2021 year. The dollar value of these bonuses was fixed at $254 as of December 31, 2021, and the number of shares issued on January 27, 2022 was determined based on the closing stock price on that date. As of December 31, 2021, the bonus was fully vested and $254 was included in accrued expenses. In the third quarter of 2022, 385,599 shares of common stock were issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as payment to consultants for consulting fees. The value of these shares was $260 at the time of issuance and $260 was recorded as General & Administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock Options: Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows and reflects the 1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split that became effective on September 15, 2021: Outstanding at January 1, 2021 Options granted Options exercised Options forfeited Options cancelled Outstanding at December 31, 2021 Options granted Options exercised Options forfeited Options cancelled Outstanding at December 31, 2022 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2022 Exercisable at December 31, 2022 Weighted average exercise price per share Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value* Options 144,303 0 (707) (23,171) (25,012) 95,413 4,414,419 0 (15,303) (18,314) 4,476,215 4,476,215 54,839 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 36.37 7.50 27.55 29.60 40.00 0.44 33.65 49.67 0.95 0.95 39.45 7.82 $ 6.73 $ 24 0 9.76 9.76 5.27 $ $ $ 358 358 0 * The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the common stock on the balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2022, there was approximately $3,228 of unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options and RSU’s, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.27 years. The total pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was zero for both years. The intrinsic value is the difference between the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of exercise and the exercise price for in-the-money options. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022 was $0.40. The fair value of employee stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using various inputs, including the Company’s estimates of the fair value of common stock on the date of grant, expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expectations regarding future dividends. Stock-based compensation also reflects the Company’s estimate regarding the portion of awards that may be forfeited. F-20 The following describes the key inputs used by the Company: Fair Value of Common Stock— The Company measures equity classified stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value on the date of grant and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis, over the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur. Expected Term—The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock options are expected to be outstanding. The majority of stock option grants are considered to be “plain vanilla” and thus the Company determines the expected term using the simplified method. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to- vesting and the contractual life of the options. Expected Volatility—The expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of several unrelated public companies within the Company’s industry that the Company considers to be comparable to the business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. The Company completed its IPO in May 2019, and therefore does not have sufficient history. Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the interest yield in effect at the date of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the option’s expected term. Dividend Rate—The expected dividend rate was assumed to be zero, as the Company has not previously paid dividends on common stock and has no current plans to do so. Forfeiture Rate—Forfeitures are recognized when they occur. Historically, the Company estimated the forfeiture rate based on an analysis of actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover behavior, and other factors. The fair value of option grants made during the years ended December 31, 2022, was estimated using the following Black-Scholes option pricing model assumptions: Expected dividend yield Risk-free interest rate Expected volatility Expected life (in years) Restricted Stock Awards: 2022 0% 4.04% 116% 6.8 During 2022, 385,599 RSA’s with a grant date value of $260 were awarded and released in exchange for consulting services. The expense was recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as General and Administrative Expense. Restricted Stock Units: As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the unvested restricted stock units totaled 860,888 and 347,108 shares, respectively. We account for restricted stock units (RSUs) issued to employees and non-employees at fair value, based on the market price of our stock on the date of grant. The RSUs are expensed over the vesting period, and we account for forfeitures as they occur. RSUs, primarily issued as incentives, generally vest annually over one to four years. The following table summarized the outstanding RSU’s as of December 31, 2022: Outstanding at January 1, 2021 Granted Released Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2022 F-21 RSU’s 347,108 840,983 (286,542) (40,661) 860,888 NOTE 11 —Income Taxes The following table presents the income (loss) before income taxes for domestic and foreign operations, and the components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31: 2022 2021 (13,885) $ (18) (13,903) $ (39,065) 605 (38,460) 2022 2021 Domestic loss Foreign subsidiaries income Income (loss) before income taxes Current income tax expense: Federal State Foreign Total Current Deferred income tax expense: Federal State Foreign Total Deferred Total provision (benefit) for income taxes $ $ $ $ — $ 21 306 327 — — (143) (143) 184 $ The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate due to the following for the years ended December 31: Statutory federal income tax rate State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits Stock compensation ASC 842 Adoption Foreign rate differential Tax credits GILTI Inclusion Non-deductible expenses Valuation allowance Effective tax rate F-22 2022 2021 21.00% 1.00% -1.43% 1.48% -1.20% 0.00% -0.17% -0.00% -22.00% -1.32% — 17 169 186 — — (19) (19) 167 21.00% 1.65% -0.54% 0.00% -0.06% 0.26% -0.41% -0.01% -22.34% -0.44% Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table presents the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31: Gross deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforward Section 174 capitalized costs Tax credits Accruals and reserves Property and equipment ASC 842 Alternative minimum tax credits Total gross deferred tax assets Less: valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Property and equipment Accruals and reserves ASC 842 right of use asset Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) 2022 2021 18,937 $ 1,697 99 2,314 51 14 21 23,133 (22,996) 137 — — (14) 123 $ 20,770 — 199 2,446 102 — 21 23,538 (22,920) 618 — (550) — 68 $ $ Beginning January 1, 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures in the current year and requires taxpayers to capitalize such expenses pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 174. The capitalized expenses are amortized over a 5-year period for domestic expenses and a 15-year period for foreign expenses. As a result of this provision of the Tax Act, the Company capitalized $8,032 of research expenses in the current year. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets where the recoverability of the assets is uncertain. The determination to provide a valuation allowance is dependent upon the assessment of whether it is more likely than not that sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize the deferred tax assets. Based on the weight of the available evidence, which includes the Company’s historical operating losses, lack of taxable income, and the accumulated deficit, the Company provided a full valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets resulting from the accruals and reserves along with the net operating loss and credits carried forward. At December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company had net deferred income tax assets related primarily to net operating loss carry forwards, accruals and reserves and tax credit carryforward that are not currently being recognized of $23.0 million and $22.9 million, respectively, which have been offset by a valuation allowance. We have not provided U.S. Federal and State income taxes, nor foreign withholding taxes on approximately $10.1 million of undistributed earnings for certain non-US subsidiaries, because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested. If these earnings were distributed to the U.S. in the form of dividends or otherwise, or if the shares of the relevant foreign subsidiaries were sold or otherwise transferred, we would not be subject to U.S. income tax due to the transition tax of IRC Section 965 or via newly enacted Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provision, enacted as part of the 2017 U.S. Tax Act. The Company would be subject to U.S. state tax and potential foreign withholding taxes on a repatriation of the foreign earnings. The amount of unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to these earnings is not material. Estimate of cumulative foreign earnings is as follows as of December 31: China India Total The Company had net operating loss carryovers as follows as of December 31: Federal NOL State NOL F-23 $ $ $ $ 2022 2021 5,031 $ 5,098 10,129 $ 4,741 5,061 9,802 2022 2021 88,375 $ 7,429 $ 92,262 27,577 Net operating loss carryforwards are available to offset future federal and state taxable income. Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2037 and 2035, respectively. The net operating losses have annual Section 382 limitations. The Company had research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards as follows as of December 31: Federal R&D credits California R&D credits 2022 2021 $ $ — $ 125 $ 99 126 Federal and state laws impose restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and R&D credit carryforwards in the event of a change in ownership of the Company, which constitutes an ‘ownership change’ as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and 383. The Company experienced an ownership change in the past that materially impacts the availability of its net operating losses and tax credits. The amounts indicated in the above tables reflect the reduction of net operating losses and credit carryforwards as a result of previous ownership changes that the Company experienced. Should there be additional ownership changes in the future, the Company’s ability to utilize existing carryforwards could be substantially restricted. The Company had excess interest expense carryforwards of $1,594 as of December 31, 2022. Federal laws impose restrictions on the utilization of section 163 (j) excess interest expense carryforwards in the event of a change in ownership of the Company, which constitutes an ‘ownership change’ as defined by Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and 383. The Company experienced an ownership change in July 2022 that materially impacts the availability of its excess interest expense. However, since the Section 163(j) excess interest expense carryover does not expire, there will be no limitation under Section 382 against the excess interest expense carryover in 2022. Should the Company utilize the excess interest expense in the future, the availability of its carryforwards would be substantially restricted. Uncertain Tax Positions The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under ASC 740, uncertain tax positions, are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authority, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on technical merit. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize, in the consolidated financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits as follows as of December 31: In thousands Unrecognized benefit-beginning of period Gross increases-prior period tax positions Gross (decreases)-prior period tax positions Decrease prior period tax positions - settlements Gross increases -current period tax positions Unrecognized benefit-end of period $ $ 2022 2021 1,306 $ — (33) — — 1,273 $ 1,190 34 — — 82 1,306 $33 of the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022, are accounted for as a reduction in the Company’s deferred tax assets. Due to the Company’s valuation allowance, only $1,240 of the $1,273 of unrecognized tax benefits would affect the Company’s effective tax rate, if recognized. The Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change in the next twelve months. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. The Company reported a tax expense of $40 of interest and penalties in 2021 and the Company has accrued a $176 liability for accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect any significant change in its unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months. The Company’s material income tax jurisdictions are the United States (federal and California), China and India. As a result of net operating loss and credit carryforwards, the Company is subject to audit for tax years 2012 and forward for California purposes and for 2017 and forward for federal tax purposes. The China tax years are open under the statute of limitations from 2017 and forward. The India tax years are open under the statute of limitations from 2018 and forward. F-24 Accounting for GILTI requires companies to adopt tax accounting policies related to: Treating the book-tax differences as either period costs or to recognize GILTI related deferred tax assets/liabilities in accounting for the GILTI book-tax differences. The Company has elected to treat this difference as a period cost. In the Company’s valuation allowance analysis, the Company will elect the Increment Cash Tax Savings Approach in determining its U.S. valuation allowance. NOTE 12 —Commitments and Contingencies The terms and conditions of applicable bylaws, certificates or articles of incorporation, agreements or applicable law may obligate Sonim under certain circumstances to indemnify its current and former directors, officers or employees, and underwriters, with respect to certain of the matters described below and Sonim has been advancing legal fees and costs to certain current and former directors, officers, employees and underwriters in connection with certain matters described below. Third Party Designer Commitments—The aggregate amount of noncancelable outsourced third party designer services for our next generation phones as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was approximately zero and $6,460. Purchase Commitments—The aggregate amount of noncancelable purchase orders as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was approximately $19,975 and $5,663, respectively, and were related to the purchase of inventory and components for our devices. Royalty payments—The Company is required to pay per unit royalties to wireless essential patent holders and other providers of integrated technologies on mobile devices delivered, which, in aggregate, amount to less than 5% of net revenues associated with each unit and expire from 2023 through 2026. Royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $622 and $2,168, respectively, which are included in cost of revenues on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company may be required to pay additional royalties to additional patent holder and technology providers on future products. General litigation—The Company is occasionally involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company is not involved in any material litigation as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of any future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and, regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management time and resources and other factors. Indemnification—Under the terms of its agreements with wireless carriers and other partners, the Company has agreed to provide indemnification for intellectual property infringement claims related to Company’s product sold by them to their end customers. From time to time, the Company receives notices from these wireless carriers and other partners of a claim for infringement of intellectual property rights potentially related to their products. These infringement claims have been settled, dismissed, have not been further pursued by the customers, or are pending for further action by the Company. Contingent severance obligations—The Company has agreements in place with certain key employees (Executive Severance Arrangements) guaranteeing severance payments under certain circumstances. Generally, in the event of termination by the Company without cause, termination due to death or disability, or resignation for good reason, the Company is obligated to the pay the employees in accordance to the terms of the agreements. On July 13, 2022, Robert Tirva, the CFO and President of the Company, resigned and became eligible for $1 million in severance payments over 20 months, plus certain health insurance benefits, if he meets certain requirements. The severance costs were charged to expense as of the severance date. At the beginning of 2021, the Company outsourced substantially all of its software development to a third-party and transferred 105 employees to support the ongoing work to be performed. In connection with outsourcing its software development, the Company entered into an agreement of future business volume over the next three years. The agreement was renegotiated in 2022 and the remaining commitment as of December 31, 2022 is $1,154. F-25 NOTE 13 —Net Loss Per Share The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods ended and reflects the 1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split that became effective on September 15, 2021: Numerator: Net loss Denominator: For the Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 $ (14,087) $ (38,627) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ 28,889,111 (0.49) $ 9,464,560 (4.08) The potentially dilutive common shares that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been antidilutive for the periods ended: Shares subject to options to purchase common stock Unvested restricted stock units Shares subject to warrants to purchase common stock Total NOTE 14 —Entity Level Information Segment Information—The Company operates in one reporting segment. For the Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 4,476,215 860,888 2 5,337,105 95,413 347,111 2 442,526 Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is the chief operating officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the consolidated level. The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on ship-to destinations for the periods ended: U.S. Canada and Latin America Europe and Middle East Asia Pacific For the Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 $ $ 29,444 $ 8,975 1,202 30,207 69,828 $ 42,356 9,401 1,142 1,671 54,570 Long-lived assets located in the United States and Asia Pacific region were $6,861 and $2,370, and $168 and $534 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. F-26 The composition of revenues is as follows: Product Sales Services Total revenues For the Years Ended December 31 2022 2021 $ $ 69,797 $ 31 69,828 $ 54,476 94 54,570 Concentrations of Credit Risk—The Company’s product revenues are concentrated in the technology industry, which is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Significant technological changes in the industry or customer requirements, or the emergence of competitive products with new capabilities or technologies, could adversely affect the Company’s consolidated operating results. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high-quality, federally insured commercial banks in the United States and cash balances are in excess of federal insurance limits at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security in support of accounts receivable. To reduce credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. The Company analyzes the need for reserves for potential credit losses and records allowances for doubtful accounts when necessary. The Company had allowances for such losses totaling approximately $113 and $932 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Receivables from our tablets customer accounted for 84% of total accounts receivable at December 31, 2022. The Company began selling tablets in the second half of 2022, and the payment cycle for tablets is much longer than the sale of device directly to carriers. The tablets are sold to a customer that imports the product to the U.S., and then is sold gain to another party that brands the product, and then the product is sold to a retailer. The longer time required to deliver the product to the end customer and the longer payment terms for the multiple transactions has resulted in higher accounts receivable balances for the Company’s tablet customer. The customer is making regular payments and the Company believes that the entire accounts receivable balance from the tablet customer is collectable, and that no reserve is required against the outstanding accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2021, one carrier customer accounted for 70% of the total accounts receivable balance. Revenue from certain customers in 2022 and 2021 accounted for approximately the following percentage of total revenues: Customer A Customer B Customer C Customer D Total For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 42% 25% 9% 7% 83% 23% 23% 22% 8% 76% The Company’s tablet customer accounted for 42% of the revenue for 2022. These tablet sales are expected to continue in 2023 and other data devices are being developed to add diversity the Company’s customers. The Company does not believe that the concentration of revenue with one customer creates a significant risk because the Company’s ODM model for tablets allows the Company to only order inventory after the Company has received a purchase commitment from the customer. Should the customer decrease future product orders, the Company can decrease inventory purchases without additional cost. NOTE 15 —Subsequent Events On February 14, 2023, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the bid price for our common stock had closed below $1.00 per share, which is the minimum closing price required to maintain continued listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the “Minimum Bid Requirement”). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3) (A), we have requested a hearing before a Nasdaq Hearing Panel (the “Panel”) to address the deficiency. The request stays any further delisting action by the Staff pending the ultimate outcome of the hearing and the expiration of any extension that may be granted by the Panel. Sonim’s common stock will remain listed and eligible for trading on Nasdaq pending the conclusion of the hearing process. The Company has measures in place to regain compliance with the minimum bid price rule. On March 6, 2023, we received a letter from the SEC that states that the Commission has concluded the investigation of the Company and does not intend to recommend any enforcement action against the Company. As a result, the Company expects to reduce its legal expense in 2023. F-27 Sonim Technologies, Inc. List of Subsidiaries Exhibit 21.1 Subsidiary Sonim Technologies (INDIA) Private Limited Sonim Technologies (Shenzhen) Limited Sonim Technologies Shenzhen Limited Beijing Branch Sonim Technologies Spain SL Sonim Communications (India) Private Limited Sonim Technologies (Hong Kong) Limited Jurisdiction India China China Spain India Hong Kong Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-239664 and No. 333-254440) and Form S-8 (No. 333-231457, No. 333- 239033, No. 333-264161, and No. 333-268320) of Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”), of our report dated March 20, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements of the Company (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a going concern uncertainty), appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Exhibit 23.1 /s/ Moss Adams LLP Campbell, California March 20, 2023 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.1 I, Hao Liu, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Sonim Technologies, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 20, 2023 By: /s/ Hao Liu Hao (Peter) Liu, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 31.2 I, Clayton Crolius, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Sonim Technologies, Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) (b) (c) (d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) (b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: March 20, 2023 By: /s/ Clayton Crolius Clayton Crolius, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report of Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I Hao Liu, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 20, 2023 By: /s/ Hao Liu Hao (Peter) Liu Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report of Sonim Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I Clayton Crolius, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: March 20, 2023 By: /s/ Clayton Crolius Clayton Crolius Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) 

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