Steel Connect, Inc.
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D.C. 20549__________________________FORM 10-K__________________________(Mark One)ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2019TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the Transition Period From to Commission file number: 001-35319__________________________Steel Connect, Inc.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)__________________________Delaware 04-2921333(State or other jurisdictionof incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)1601 Trapelo Road, Suite 170Waltham, Massachusetts 02451(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)(781) 663-5001(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)__________________________Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of Each Class:Trading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which RegisteredCommon Stock, $0.01 par valueSTCNNASDAQ Global SelectSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:None__________________________Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirementsfor the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 ofRegulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post suchfiles). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or anemerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new orrevised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the Registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant computed with reference to the price at which thecommon stock was last sold as of the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $61,746,026.On October 1, 2019, the Registrant had 61,805,856 outstanding shares of common stock, $0.01 par value.DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCEPortions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the Company's 2019 Annual Meeting ofStockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTSANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-KFISCAL YEAR ENDED JULY 31, 2019STEEL CONNECT, INC.Item Page PART I 1.Business11A.Risk Factors51B.Unresolved Staff Comments162.Properties163.Legal Proceedings164.Mine Safety Disclosures16 PART II 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities176.Selected Financial Data177.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations177A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk318.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data329.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure809A.Controls and Procedures809B.Other Information84 PART III 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance8411.Executive Compensation8412.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8413.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8514.Principal Accounting Fees and Services85 PART IV 15.Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules85Table of ContentsAs used in this Form 10-K, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "Steel Connect" and the "Company" refer to Steel Connect,Inc., a Delaware corporation.This report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of theSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), including, in particular, forward-looking statements under the headings "Item 7 -Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Thesestatements appear in a number of places in this report and include statements regarding the Company's intent, belief or current expectations with respect to (i) itsfinancing plans, (ii) trends affecting its financial condition or results of operations, and (iii) the impact of competition. The words "expect," "anticipate," "intend,""plan," "believe," "seek," "estimate," and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements; however, this report also contains otherforward-looking statements in addition to historical information. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A of this report, "Risk Factors", and elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned notto place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof. Wedo not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.PART IITEM 1.— BUSINESSSteel Connect together with its consolidated subsidiaries, operates through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ModusLink Corporation and ModusLink PTS,Inc. (together "ModusLink" or "Supply Chain"), and IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. ("IWCO"). The Company previously operated under the names ModusLinkGlobal Solutions, Inc., CMGI, Inc. and CMG Information Services, Inc. and was incorporated in Delaware in 1986.ModusLink is a leader in global supply chain business process management serving clients in markets such as consumer electronics, communications,computing, medical devices, software, and retail. ModusLink designs and executes critical elements in its clients' global supply chains to improve speed to market,product customization, flexibility, cost, quality and service. These benefits are delivered through a combination of industry expertise, innovative service solutions,and integrated operations, proven business processes, expansive global footprint and world-class technology. ModusLink also produces and licenses an entitlementmanagement solution powered by its enterprise-class Poetic software, which offers a complete solution for activation, provisioning, entitlement subscription anddata collection from physical goods (connected products) and digital products. ModusLink has an integrated network of strategically located facilities with 20 sitesoperating in 21 dialects in various countries, including numerous sites throughout North America, Europe and Asia.IWCO delivers highly-effective data-driven marketing solutions for its customers, which represent some of the largest and most respected brands in theworld. Its full range of services includes strategy, creative and execution for omnichannel marketing campaigns, along with one of the industry's most sophisticatedpostal logistics programs for direct mail. Through its Mail-Gard® division, IWCO also offers business continuity and disaster recovery services to protect againstunexpected business interruptions, along with providing print and mail outsourcing services. IWCO was named the largest direct mail production provider in NorthAmerica, with the largest platform of continuous digital print technology and a growing direct marketing agency service. IWCO's solutions enable customers toimprove Customer Lifetime Value, which in turn, has led to and longer customer relationships. The Company acquired IWCO on December 15, 2017, for totalconsideration of approximately $469.2 million, net of purchase price adjustments (the "IWCO Acquisition").ServicesModusLink's business operation's revenue primarily comes from the sale of Adaptive Supply Chain Services to its clients. Among ModusLink's core supplychain services are fulfillment, digital commerce, packaging, kitting & assembly and reverse logistics.The Supply Chain business operation's core services include:Packaging, Kitting & Assembly—These services center on developing and executing a strategy that has product configuration and packaging done atthe optimal time, and from the greatest strategic benefit. With sites located in the Americas, the Asia-Pacific region and Europe, ModusLink affordsmanufacturers just-in-time flexibility. Options with this service include the ability to postpone product/order configuration until the order fulfillment1Table of Contentsstage, using the facilities closest to a client's customers. In addition, ModusLink's light manufacturing services cover the final assembly ofcomponents and parts into finished goods, including build-to-order customization. ModusLink also offers additional value-added processes such asproduct testing, radio frequency identification tagging, product or service activation, language settings, personalization and engraving and multi-channel packaging and packaging design.Fulfillment—ModusLink's Fulfillment Services are highly integrated and supported by a best-of-breed technology infrastructure to enable clients toquickly increase efficiency and reduce costs. It has deep experience and is exceptionally skilled at handling the fulfillment requirements of multiplechannels, be they manufacturing sites, distribution centers, retail operations or individual consumers dispersed across the globe. ModusLink isequally strong in adapting to the needs of retail/B2B or B2C product movement with respect to bringing product to market, including ordermanagement, pick, pack and ship, retail compliance and demand planning services are integral components of ModusLink's Fulfillment Services. Inaddition, ModusLink can help optimize component and finished goods inventory levels for better efficiency and cost savings. Clients also look toModusLink for the physical programming of digital content – such as software, firmware, upgrades or promotional material – onto numerous typesof flash media, including SD and MicroSD cards, USB drives, navigation systems, smartphones and tablets. This programming includes contentprotection and activation options as well as full IP security. As direct-to-consumer volumes increase, ModusLink is able to provide a customerexperience that can further enhance a brand's relationship with consumers.Digital Commerce—ModusLink's Digital Commerce Services is based on ModusLink's cloud-based e-commerce platform. Our e-Business servicesremove the complexities and risk of a global web store, optimizing each stage of the online buying experience so that products can be quickly andeasily purchased, serviced and delivered anywhere in the world. This end-to-end approach is fully integrated with global payment, customerrelationship management and fulfillment systems, helping clients to quickly and easily expand into a new region and country. In addition, if a clientneeds help in managing and optimizing its commerce solution once established, ModusLink can support that too. By leveraging ModusLink's e-commerce partnerships with Intershop and Shopify, clients can better meet revenue goals, drive growth and build their brands around the globe.Integration with either partner provides clients with a single, comprehensive view of their customers at every stage of their relationships. ModusLinkcan also manage the installation, integration and all technical operations for an online store, so a client can dedicate time and resources to its corebusiness. By being able to adapt to their digital commerce and supply chain needs, ModusLink can help clients reach new markets, optimize orderprocessing and customer service, reduce costs and increase margins and flexibility — without having to invest in their own infrastructure andpersonnel.Reverse Logistics—ModusLink's Reverse Logistics Services simplify the returns process for retailers and manufacturers that want to improve serviceparts management and the value of returned assets. ModusLink manages the end-to-end process, including receipt, RMA, sorting, triage, creditprocessing and ultimate disposition of the returned product. Its approach to reverse logistics employs a modular global system that combines existingand new supply chain solutions, so clients can gain actionable insight into their reverse supply chains, which leads to reduced costs and increasedcustomer service and satisfaction levels.ModusLink's business solutions integrate with other supply chain service providers such as contract manufacturing companies and transportation providers.IWCO's business operation's revenue primarily comes from fully integrated, end-to-end production execution services for complex, data-driven directmarketing programs. Print-to-mail recovery services are provided by the Company's Mail-Gard® division which also provides production overflow services for itsclients. In addition, IWCO's omnichannel practice helps clients combine physical mail with web, email, social, and mobile to maximize return on marketinginvestment.IWCO's core solutions include: end-to-end services for paper-based direct marketing and omnichannel marketing campaigns. These solutions includestrategy, data and analytics, response analysis, creative services, lithographic and digital printing, envelope printing and converting, component manufacturing,promotional cards (manufacturing, personalization and affixing), data processing and hygiene, content and asset management, personalization, lettershop andbindery, and postal optimization, including comprehensive commingling and logistics management.Operating SegmentsDuring the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company changed the determination of reportable segments. This change was made to be consistentwith the information provided to the Company's chief operating decision-maker ("CODM")2Table of Contentsfor purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance and quantitative thresholds. The Company has determined that it has tworeportable segments: Supply Chain and Direct Marketing. The July 31, 2018 financial information has been restated to reflect these changes on a comparable basis.The Company also has Corporate-level activity, which consists primarily of costs associated with certain corporate administrative functions such as legal, finance,share-based compensation and acquisition costs which are not allocated to the Company's reportable segments. The Corporate-level balance sheet informationincludes cash and cash equivalents, notes payables and other assets and liabilities which are not identifiable to the operations of the Company's operating segments.Certain reportable segment information, including revenue, profit and asset information, is set forth in Note 18 of the accompanying notes to consolidated financialstatements included in Item 8 below and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in Item 7 below.Technology InfrastructureModusLink's information technology systems and infrastructure serve as the backbone of a client's fully integrated global supply chain services andmanages the flow and use of physical assets and information. ModusLink offers a secure and redundant operating environment to ensure the integrity and privacyof its clients' data. ModusLink works with clients to integrate data, tools and applications to deliver an optimized solution that meets its clients' business needs andimproves management of the global supply chain. ModusLink's Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system is designed to provide the visibility and controlneeded for better decision making, rapid response to global market dynamics and effective asset utilization across services and geographies.IWCO has dual redundant data centers located in our Minnesota and Pennsylvania locations. These data centers have been architected to provide fullresiliency and security to enable our optimal and always on computing resources to support IWCO's enterprise business applications and complex data processingrequired by our customers. IWCO's information security practice is a leader in the industry and is audited and certified annually against ISO-27001, HiTrust, PCIand HIPAA controls and standards. IWCO has fully integrated and enterprise class business systems including an industry specific ERP that has been customizedto support IWCO's unique business flows. These business systems provide end-to-end tracking and visibility to both front end business support functions as well asto our entire manufacturing operation.CompetitionThe market for the supply chain management service offerings provided by ModusLink is highly competitive. As a provider with service offerings coveringa range of supply chain operations and activities across the globe, ModusLink competes with different companies depending on the type of service it is providingor the geographic area in which an activity is taking place. ModusLink faces competition from Electronics Manufacturing Services/Contract Manufacturers(EMS/CM), third party logistics (3PL) providers, Supply Chain Management (SCM) companies, and regional specialty companies. For certain digital commerceservices, ModusLink's competition includes global outsource providers, software as service (SaaS) providers, technology providers and computer softwareproviders offering content and document management solutions. As a provider of an outsourcing solution, ModusLink's competition also includes current andprospective clients, who evaluate ModusLink's capabilities in light of their own capabilities and cost structures.The Company believes that the principal competitive factors in its market are quality and range of solutions and services, technological capabilities, costs,location of facilities, responsiveness, and adaptability. With ModusLink's set of supply chain services, global footprint, strong client service acumen, and itsintegrated global supply chain digital commerce services, the Company believes that it is well positioned to compete in each of the markets it serves, whileexpanding across various industry subsets.The market for the range of services offered by IWCO Direct is highly competitive and fragmented. IWCO Direct's scope and scale of end-to-end servicesprovides a competitive advantage by being able to focus on efficiency while making the end product more effective in driving response for clients. While theability to offer a more effective marketing product is highly valued, we must continue to provide it at a competitive price and aggressively manage our coststructure to maintain our client roster and attract new business.Competitors for our print/mail products and services include printers, envelope manufacturers, and commercial lettershops (i.e. mail service providers).Competitors for our Marketing Services practice include internal and external agencies and data and analytics companies.Clients3Table of ContentsA limited number of clients account for a significant percentage of the Company's consolidated net revenue. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and2018, the Company's 10 largest clients accounted for approximately 49% and 44% of consolidated net revenue, respectively. One client, associated with the SupplyChain segment, accounted for 11% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. No other clients accounted for greater than10% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. No clients accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's consolidatednet revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018. In general, the Company does not have any agreements which obligate any client to buy a minimum amount ofservices from the Company, or which designate the Company as its sole supplier of any particular services. The loss of a significant amount of business or programwith any key client could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company believes that it will continue to derive the vast majority of its consolidatedoperating revenue from sales to a small number of clients. There can be no assurance that revenue from key clients will not decline in future periods.The Company sells its services to its clients primarily on a purchase order basis rather than pursuant to contracts with minimum purchase requirements.Consequently, sales are subject to demand variability by such clients. The Company purchases and maintains adequate levels of inventory in order to meet clientneeds rapidly and on a timely basis. The Company has no guaranteed price, quantity or delivery agreements with its suppliers other than the purchase obligationsnoted in Note 8 of the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 below. Because of the diversity of its services, as well as thewide geographic dispersion of its facilities, the Company uses numerous sources for the wide variety of raw materials needed for its operations. The Company isnot and does not expect to be adversely affected by an inability to obtain materials.IWCO's services include (a) development of direct mail and omnichannel marketing strategies (b) creative services to design direct mail, email, and onlinemarketing (c) printing and compiling of direct mail pieces into envelopes ready for mailing (d) commingling services to sort mail produced for various customers,by destination to achieve optimized postal savings (e) and business continuity and disaster recovery services for critical communications to protect againstunexpected business interruptions. The major markets served by IWCO Direct include financial services, Multiple-System Operations ("MSO") (cable or direct-broadcast satellite TV systems), insurance and to a lesser extent subscription/services, healthcare, travel/hospitality and other. Direct mail is a critical piece ofmarketing for most of its current customers who use direct mail to acquire new customers. Management believes that direct mail will remain an important part ofits customer's budgets for the foreseeable future, based on its proven ability to enhance results when used as part of an omnichannel marketing strategy.International OperationsSupply Chain currently conducts business in many countries including China, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Singapore, among others, inaddition to its North America operations. IWCO does not currently have international operations. During the year ended July 31, 2019, revenues from our foreignoperations accounted for approximately 32.5% of total revenues.The Company's international operations increase its exposure to U.S. and foreign laws, regulations, and labor practices, which are often complex and subjectto variation and unexpected changes, and with which the Company must comply. A substantial portion of our international business is conducted in China, wherewe face (i) the challenge of navigating a complex set of licensing and tax requirements and restrictions affecting the conduct of business in China by foreigncompanies, (ii) potential limitations on the repatriation of cash, (iii) foreign currency fluctuation and (iv) evolving tax laws.SeasonalityThe demand of our Supply Chain clients' products is subject to seasonal consumer buying patterns. As a result, the services we provide to our clients are alsosubject to seasonality, with higher revenue and operating income typically being realized from handling our clients' products during the first half of our fiscal year,which includes the holiday selling season. IWCO Direct's business is not typically subject to seasonal buying patterns.Intellectual PropertyThe Company relies upon a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property. From time to time, wedevelop new trade secrets and other intellectual property or obtain intellectual property through acquisition activities. Our business is not substantially dependenton any single or group of patents, trademarks, copyrights or licenses.4Table of ContentsEmployeesModusLink:At July 31, 2019, we employed approximately 1,358 persons on a full-time basis, 204 in the Americas, 772 in Asia and 382 in Europe. Our subsidiaries inMexico are parties to several collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 93 employees. Our subsidiary in France is party to collective bargainingagreements covering its employees. Approximately 13 of the employees of our Ireland operation are members of labor unions. As of July 31, 2019, approximately89 of the employees at one of our China operations are members of labor unions. We consider our employee relations to be good. From time to time we hireproject-based, temporary workers based on our client needs and seasonality of our business, and at times the number of these workers may approximate thenumber of our full-time employees.IWCO:At July 31, 2019, IWCO employed approximately 2,402 full-time, non-union persons in the U.S.Our InformationThe Company's common shares are quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "STCN." Our business address is 1601 Trapelo Road,Suite 170, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451 and our telephone number is (781) 663-5001. Our internet address is http://www.moduslink.com. The informationcontained in, or that can be accessed through, the website is not part of this Form 10-K. This Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form8-K, and all amendments to those reports, are available through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with, orfurnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").Under the Exchange Act we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and otherinformation. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers thatfile electronically with the SEC.ITEM 1A.— RISK FACTORSWe operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. You should carefully consider thefollowing risk factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report, before you decide whether to purchase ourcommon stock. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific risks that may affect us. It should be recognized that other risksmay be significant, presently or in the future, and the risks set forth below may affect us to a greater extent than indicated. If any of the following risks occur, ourbusiness, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline,and you many lose all or part of your investment.Forward-looking statements in this document and those we make from time to time through our senior management are made pursuant to the safe harborprovisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements concerning the expected future revenue or earnings or concerningprojected plans, performance, or development of products and services, as well as other estimates related to future operations are necessarily only estimates offuture results. We cannot assure you that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Forward-looking statements represent our current expectationsand are inherently uncertain. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe derive a substantial portion of our revenue and profits from a small number of clients, and adverse industry trends or the loss of one or more of anyof those clients could significantly damage our business.We derive a substantial portion of our revenue by providing supply chain management services and marketing solutions to a small number of clients. Ourbusiness and future growth will continue to depend in large part on the industry trend towards outsourcing supply chain management and other business processes,as well as direct mail remaining a critical piece of customer's marketing spend. If these trends do not continue or decline, demand for our supply chainmanagement services and marketing solutions will decline, and our financial results could suffer.In addition, the loss of a significant amount of business or program with any key client could cause our revenue and or profits to decline and our financialresults could suffer.Our business is expected to continue to derive the vast majority of our consolidated net revenue and or profits from sales to a small number of key clients. Ingeneral, we do not have any agreements which obligate any client to buy a minimum5Table of Contentsamount of services from us, or to designate us as its sole supplier of any particular services. If any of our key clients fail to respond successfully to market shifts,we would be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that our revenue and or profits from key clients will not decline in future periods.We may have difficulty achieving and sustaining operating profitability, and if we deplete our working capital balances, our business will be materiallyand adversely affected.For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, we reported operating losses of $(25.3) million and $(8.3) million, respectively. Although we haveincreased our revenues, and reduced our cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues, we anticipate that we may continue to incur significant fixed operatingexpenses in the future, including both cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. Therefore, since our revenue is subject to fluctuations, therecan be no assurance that we will achieve or sustain operating income in the future. We may also use significant amounts of cash in an effort to increase theefficiency and profitability of our business. At July 31, 2019, we had consolidated cash and cash equivalents of approximately $32.5 million and current liabilitiesof approximately $256.9 million. If we are unable to achieve or sustain operating profitability, we risk depleting our working capital balances and our business willbe materially adversely affected.Because our contracts do not contain minimum purchase requirements and we sell primarily on a purchase order basis, we are subject to uncertaintiesand variability in demand by clients, which could decrease revenue and materially adversely affect our financial results.Our contracts generally do not contain minimum purchase requirements, and we sell primarily on a purchase order basis. Therefore, our sales are subject todemand variability by our clients, which is difficult to predict, has fluctuated historically and may continue to fluctuate, sometimes materially from year to yearand even from quarter to quarter. The level and timing of orders placed by these clients vary for a variety of reasons, including seasonal buying by end-users for theSupply Chain business, as well as, individual client strategies, the introduction of new technologies, the desire of our clients to reduce their exposure to any singlesupplier and general economic conditions impacting both of our operating segments. If we are unable to anticipate and respond to the demands of our clients, wemay lose clients because we have an inadequate supply of their products or insufficient capacity in our sites, or in the alternative, we may have excess inventory orexcess capacity, either of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and operating results.The Supply Chain business conducts business outside of the U.S., which may expose the Company to additional risks not typically associated withcompanies that operate solely in the U.S.ModusLink conducts business and has operations outside the U.S. These operations have additional risks, including risks relating to currency exchange,less developed or efficient financial markets than in the U.S., absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, differences in the legaland regulatory environment, different publicly available information in respect of companies in non-U.S. markets, economic and political risks, and possibleimposition of non-U.S. taxes. There can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect our operations in certaincountries.ModusLink also faces several risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including compliance with international and U.S. laws and regulationsthat apply to our international operations. These laws and regulations include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competitionregulations, import and trade restrictions, U.S. laws such as export control laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and similar laws in other countries whichalso prohibit corrupt payments to governmental officials or certain payments or remunerations to customers. Given the high level of complexity of these laws,there is a risk that some provisions may be inadvertently breached. Also, we may be held liable for actions taken by our local partners. Violations of these lawsand regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any suchviolations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries.In addition, a substantial portion of our business is conducted in China, where we face additional risks, including the following:•the challenge of navigating a complex set of licensing and tax requirements and restrictions affecting the conduct of business in China by foreigncompanies;•difficulties and limitations on the repatriation of cash;6Table of Contents•currency fluctuation and exchange raterisks;•protection of intellectual property, both for us and ourclients;•evolving regulatory systems and standards, including recent tax law and labor lawchanges;•difficulty retaining management personnel and skilled employees;and•expiration of taxholidays.Recent and potential changes in U.S. trade policies and retaliatory responses from other countries may significantly increase the costs or limitsupplies of materials and products used in our operations.The federal government has recently imposed new or increased tariffs or duties on an array of imported materials and goods that are used in connection withour operations. Foreign governments, including China, and trading blocs, such as the European Union, have responded by imposing or increasing tariffs, dutiesand/or trade restrictions on U.S. goods, and are reportedly considering other measures. These trade conflicts and related escalating governmental actions that resultin additional tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions could increase our operating costs, cause disruptions or shortages in our supply chains and/or negatively impactthe U.S., regional or local economies, and, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect our business and our consolidated financial statements.A decline in our key business sectors or a reduction in consumer demand generally could have a material adverse effect on our business.A large portion of our Supply Chain business revenue comes from clients in the technology and consumer products sectors, which is intensely competitive,very volatile and subject to rapid changes. A large portion of our Direct Marketing business revenue is generated from clients in the insurance, MSO, financialservices and subscription services products sectors, which may be subject to fluctuations in overall economic conditions. Declines in the overall performance ofthe technology and consumer products sectors have in the past and could in the future, adversely affect the demand for supply chain management services andreduce our revenue and profitability from these clients. In addition, industry changes, such as the transition of more collateral materials from physical form todigital form, the convergence of functionality of smart phones and change in marketing channels, could lessen the demand for certain of our services or devices wecurrently handle. To the extent recent uncertainty in the economy or other factors result in decreased demand for our clients' products, we may experience areduction in volumes of client products that we handle or reduction in demand for our marketing solutions, which could have a material adverse effect on ourbusiness, financial position and operating results.Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly.Our business operating results have fluctuated widely on a quarterly basis during the last several years. We expect that we may experience significantfluctuations in future quarterly operating results. Many factors, some of which are beyond our control, have contributed to these quarterly fluctuations in the pastand may continue to contribute to fluctuations. Therefore, operating results for future periods are difficult to predict, and prior results are not necessarily indicativeof results to be expected in future periods. These factors include:•how well we execute on our strategy and operatingplans;•implementation of our strategic initiatives and achievement of expected results of theseinitiatives;•demand for ourservices;•consumer confidence and demand;•specific economic conditions in the industries in which we compete;•general economic and financial marketconditions;•timing of new product introductions or software releases by our clients or theircompetitors;•payment of costs associated with our acquisitions, sales of assets andinvestments;•market acceptance of new products andservices;•seasonality;•temporary shortages in supply fromvendors;•charges for impairment of long-lived assets, including restructuring in futureperiods;7Table of Contents•political instability including changes in tariff laws or natural disasters in the countries in which we operate;•actual events, circumstances, outcomes, and amounts differing from judgments, assumptions, and estimates reflected in our accompanyingconsolidated financial statements;•changes in accounting rules;•changes in tax rules andregulations;•changes in laborlaws;•availability of labor resources and the variability of available rates for laborresources;•unionization of our labor and contract labor;and•implementation of automation.We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations will not necessarily be meaningful or indicative of our future performance. Insome fiscal quarters our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, which may cause the price of our common stock todecline.We must maintain adequate levels of inventory in order to meet client needs, which present risks to our financial position and operating results.We must purchase and maintain adequate levels of inventory (including adequate levels of paper inventory used by IWCO) in order to meet client needsrapidly and on a timely basis. The markets, including the technology sector served by many of our clients, are subject to rapid technological change, new andenhanced product specification requirements, and evolving industry standards. These changes may cause inventory on hand to decline substantially in value or torapidly become obsolete. The majority of our clients in the Supply Chain business offer protection from the loss in value of inventory. However, our clients maybecome unable or unwilling to fulfill their protection obligations and the inability of our clients to fulfill their protection obligations could lower our gross marginsand cause us to record inventory write-downs. In our Direct Marketing business, our clients typically do not provide such price protection. If we are unable tomanage the inventory on hand with our clients with a high degree of precision, we may have insufficient product supplies or we may have excess inventory,resulting in inventory write-downs, which may harm our business, financial position and operating results.Our ability to obtain particular products or components in the quantities required to fulfill client orders on a timely basis is critical to our success. We haveno guaranteed price or delivery agreements with our suppliers. We may occasionally experience a supply shortage of some products as a result of strong demand orproblems experienced by our suppliers. If shortages or delays persist, the price of those products may increase, or the products may not be available at all.Accordingly, an inability to secure and maintain an adequate supply of products, packaging materials or components to fulfill our client orders on a timely basis, ora failure to meet clients' expectations could result in lost revenue, lower client satisfaction, negative perceptions in the marketplace, potential claims for damagesand have a material adverse effect on our business.We may encounter problems in our efforts to increase operational efficiencies.We continue to seek to identify ways to increase efficiencies and productivity and effect cost savings. In addition to already undertaken projects in ourSupply Chain business designed to increase our operational efficiencies, including the standardization to a global solutions platform through an integrated ERPsystem and the implementation of a model utilizing centralized "hub" locations to service multiple "spoke" locations across the Americas, Asia and Europeregions, our executive team is continuing its review across the organization designed to improve our operations, including a commitment to automate certainfacilities. IWCO is continually employing programs to achieve efficiencies which include investment in capital equipment and automation. We cannot assure youthat these projects and investment in capital will result in the realization of the expected benefits that we anticipate in a timely manner or at all. We may encounterproblems with these projects that will divert the attention of management and/or result in additional costs and unforeseen project delays. If we, or these projects donot achieve expected results, our business, financial position and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.IWCO may have trouble obtaining and retaining its labor force.IWCO's production operations are dependent upon attracting and retaining skilled and unskilled employees to take advantage of all available manufacturingcapacity and ensure on-time delivery of clients' marketing programs to meet service level agreements (SLAs) without penalty. IWCO's future success depends onits continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and promote personnel for all areas of its organization. Labor market conditions may have anadverse impact8Table of Contentson profitability and ability to deliver product on time. IWCO is exploring automation and efficiency options to reduce its reliance on direct labor.Change in our effective tax rate may harm our results of operations.A number of factors may increase our future effective tax rates, including:•the jurisdictions in which profits are determined to be earned andtaxed;•the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various taxauthorities;•changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets andliabilities;•adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various taxreturns;•increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including write-offs of acquired in-process research and development, impact of costsassociated with business combinations and impairments of goodwill in connection with acquisitions;•changes in available tax credits;•changes in share-based compensation;•changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws, and changes in generally accepted accountingprinciples;•the repatriation of non-U.S. earnings for which we have not previously provided for U.S.taxes;•increases in tax rates in various jurisdictions;and•the expiration of taxholidays.Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could reduce net income for future periods.The gross margins in the Supply Chain business are low, which magnify the impact of variations in revenue and operating costs on our financialresults.As a result of intense price competition in the technology products and consumer products marketplaces, the gross margins in our Supply Chain business arelow, and we expect them to continue to be low in the future. These low gross margins magnify the impact of variations in revenue and operating costs on ourfinancial results. Increased competition arising from industry consolidation and/or low demand for products may hinder our ability to maintain or improve ourgross margins. Portions of our operating expenses are relatively fixed, and planned expenditures are based in part on anticipated orders. Our current ability toforecast the amount and timing of future order volumes is difficult, and we expect this to continue because we are highly dependent upon the business needs of ourclients, which are highly variable. As a result, we may not be able to reduce our operating expenses as a percentage of revenue to mitigate any further reductions ingross margins. We may also be required to spend money to restructure our operations should future demand fall significantly in one or more facilities. If we cannotproportionately decrease our cost structure in response to competitive price pressures, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adverselyaffected.Our business is subject to intense competition.The markets for our services are highly competitive and often lack significant barriers to entry enabling new businesses to enter these markets relativelyeasily. Numerous well-established companies and smaller entrepreneurial companies are focusing significant resources on developing and marketing products andservices that will compete with our offerings. The market for supply chain management products and services, as well as marketing solutions, is very competitive,and the intensity of the competition is expected to continue to increase. Any failure to maintain and enhance our competitive position would limit our ability tomaintain and increase market share, which could result in serious harm to our business. Increased competition may also result in price reductions, reduced grossmargins and loss of market share. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors will continue to have greater financial, technical, operational andmarketing resources. We may not be able to compete successfully against these competitors. Competitive pressures may also force prices for our products andservices down and these price reductions may reduce our revenue. The competition we face may also increase as a result of consolidation within the supply chainmanagement and logistics, and marketing solutions industries. For example, if as a result of consolidation, our competitors are able to obtain more favorable termsfrom their suppliers, offer more9Table of Contentscomprehensive services to their customers, or otherwise take actions that increase their competitive strengths, our competitive position and therefore our business,results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.The physical or intellectual property of our clients may be damaged, misappropriated, stolen or lost while in our possession, subjecting us to litigationand other adverse consequences.In the course of providing supply chain management services to our clients, we often have possession of or access to their physical and intellectual property,including consigned inventory, databases, software masters, certificates of authenticity and similar valuable physical or intellectual property. If this physical orintellectual property is damaged, misappropriated, stolen or lost, we could suffer:•claims under client agreements or applicable law, or other liability fordamages;•delayed or lost revenue due to adverse clientreaction;•negative publicity; and•litigation that could be costly and timeconsuming.We may be liable if third parties misappropriate personal information of our clients or our clients' customers; and laws and regulations regarding thehandling of personal data and information may impede our services or result in increased costs, legal claims, or fines against us.Although we have put in place policies and procedures to address the new European General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which went into effectin May 2018, and the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA") that will be effective as of January 2020, there are continuing risks related to the managementof personal information as part of our product offering. In addition, ongoing efforts to comply with the GDPR, the CCPA and similar laws may entail substantialexpenses that may divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could limit the services we are able to offer. We expect cybersecurity regulations tocontinue to evolve and be costly to implement.Any security breach or inadvertent release of personal information could expose us to risks of loss, litigation and liability and could seriously disrupt ouroperations. If third parties are able to penetrate our network or telecommunications security or otherwise misappropriate the personal information or credit cardinformation of our clients' customers we retain in providing certain supply chain services, or if we give third parties improper access to such information, we couldbe subject to liability. This liability could include claims for unauthorized purchases with credit card information, impersonation or other similar fraud claims.They could also include claims for other misuses of personal information, including unauthorized marketing purposes. These claims could result in litigation.Liability for misappropriation of this information could be significant. Further, any resulting adverse publicity arising from investigations could have a materialadverse impact on our business.The funds held for clients may be subject to credit risk.In the course of providing certain supply chain services to our clients, we at times have possession of client funds. The funds are maintained at financialinstitutions, and the balances associated with these funds are at times without or in excess of federally insured limits. If these funds are impaired, misappropriatedor stolen, we could suffer:•claims under client agreements or applicable law, or other liability fordamages;•delayed or lost revenue due to adverse clientreaction;•negative publicity; and•litigation that could be costly and timeconsuming.Material disruption in our information systems could adversely affect our business or results of operations.We rely on information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and tomanage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities. We also collect and store sensitive data, including confidential business information andpersonal data. These systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to attacks by computer hackers, computer viruses, employee error ormalfeasance, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication or utility failures, catastrophes or other unforeseen events. Upgrading our informationtechnology systems is costly and subject to delay, and there is no assurance new systems will provide the benefits expected. We may also experience operationalproblems attributable to the installation, implementation, integration, performance, features or functionality of third-party software, systems and services. Inaddition, security breaches of our systems could result in the10Table of Contentsmisappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or personal data belonging to us or to our employees, partners, customers or suppliers. Anysuch events could disrupt our operations, delay production and shipments, result in defective products or services, damage customer relationships and ourreputation and result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or penalties under privacy laws, each of which could adversely affect our business and our financialcondition.State and federal laws may also require us to provide notice to affected individuals if their personal data is the subject of a breach in security, which wouldimpose costs and could lead to additional liability and negative publicity. We take cybersecurity seriously and devote significant resources and tools to protect oursystems, products and data and to prevent unwanted intrusions. However, these security efforts are costly to implement and may not be successful. There can be noassurance that we will be able to prevent, detect and adequately address or mitigate such cyber-attacks or security breaches. Any such breach could have a materialadverse effect on our operations and our reputation and could cause irreparable damage to us or our systems, regardless of whether we or our third-party providersare able to adequately recover critical systems following a systems failure.We may not be able to achieve the anticipated synergies and benefits from business acquisitionsPart of our business strategy is to acquire businesses that we believe can complement our current business activities, both financially and strategically.Acquisitions involve many complexities, including, but not limited to, risks associated with the acquired business' past activities, loss of customers, regulatorychanges that are not anticipated, difficulties in integrating personnel and human resource programs, integrating ERP systems and other infrastructures underCompany control, unanticipated expenses and liabilities, and the impact on our internal controls and compliance with the regulatory requirements under theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The realization of anticipated synergies or benefits from acquisitions may be delayed or substantially reduced. As a result, there is noguarantee that our acquisitions will increase the profitability and cash flow of the Company, and our efforts could cause unforeseen complexities and additionalcash outflows, including financial losses.OTHER RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANYWe may be unable to realize the benefits of our net operating loss carry-forwards and other tax benefits (collectively, "NOLs" or "Tax Benefits").Our past operations generated significant NOLs. Under federal tax laws, for NOLs arising in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, we generally canuse any such NOLs and certain related tax credits to reduce ordinary income tax paid in our prior two tax years or on our future taxable income for up to 20 years,at which point they "expire" for such purposes. Until they expire, we can "carry forward" NOLs and certain related tax credits that we do not use in any particularyear to offset taxable income in future years. For NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, we generally can use any such NOLs and certainrelated tax credits to reduce ordinary income tax paid on our future taxable income indefinitely, however, any such NOLs cannot be used to reduce ordinaryincome tax paid in prior tax years. In addition, the deduction for NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 is limited to 80 percent of ourtaxable income for any tax year (computed without regard to the NOL deduction). NOLs arising in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, are referred toherein as "Current NOLs." We cannot estimate the exact amount of NOLs that we will be able use to reduce future income tax liability because we cannot predictthe amount and timing of our future taxable income.Our ability to utilize our NOLs to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited if we experience an "ownership change," as determined underSection 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code" or "Internal Revenue Code"). Under Section 382, an "ownership change" occurs if one or more stockholdersor groups of stockholders that each owns (or is deemed to own) at least 5% of our common stock increases their aggregate ownership by more than 50 percentagepoints over its lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. If an ownership change is deemed to occur, the limitations imposed by Section 382could significantly limit our ability to use our NOLs to reduce future income tax liability and result in a material amount of our Current NOLs expiring unusedand, therefore, significantly impair the value of our NOLs.Our ability to use our Current NOLs in future years will depend upon the amount of our federal and state taxable income. If we do not have sufficientfederal and state taxable income in future years to use the Current NOLs before they expire, we will lose the benefit of the Current NOLs permanently. In additionto the generation of future federal and state taxable income, our ability to use our Current NOLs will depend significantly on our success in identifying suitableacquisition or investment candidates, and once identified, successfully consummating an acquisition of or investment in these candidates.On January 19, 2018, Company's Board of Directors adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan ("Tax Plan") designed to preserve the Company's ability toutilize its NOLs. The Tax Plan is intended to prevent an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code that would impairthe Company's ability to utilize its NOLs. On April 12,11Table of Contents2018, at the Annual Meeting of Steel Connect's stockholders (the "2017 Annual Meeting") the stockholders of Steel Connect approved the Tax Plan and thecontinuation of its terms.As part of the plan Tax Plan, the Board declared a dividend of one right (a "Right") for each share of common stock then outstanding. The dividend waspayable to holders of record as of the close of business on January 29, 2018. Any shares of common stock issued after January 29, 2018, will be issued togetherwith the Rights. Each Right initially represents the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of newly created Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock.Initially, the Rights were attached to all certificates representing shares of common stock then outstanding and no separate rights certificates weredistributed. In the case of book entry shares, the Rights are evidenced by notations in the book entry accounts. Subject to certain exceptions specified in the TaxPlan, the Rights will separate from the common stock and a distribution date (the "Distribution Date") will occur upon the earlier of (i) ten (10) business daysfollowing a public announcement that a stockholder (or group) has become a beneficial owner of 4.99-percent or more of the shares of common stock thenoutstanding and (ii) ten (10) business days (or such later date as the Board determines) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer that wouldresult in a person or group becoming a 4.99-percent stockholder.Pursuant to the Tax Plan and subject to certain exceptions, if a stockholder (or group) becomes a 4.99-percent stockholder after adoption of the Tax Plan, theRights would generally become exercisable and entitle stockholders (other than the new 4.99-percent stockholder or group) to purchase additional shares of SteelConnect at a significant discount, resulting in substantial dilution in the economic interest and voting power of the new 4.99-percent stockholder (or group). Inaddition, under certain circumstances in which Steel Connect is acquired in a merger or other business combination after an non-exempt stockholder (or group)becomes a new 4.99-percent stockholder, each holder of the Right (other than the new 4.99-percent stockholder or group) would then be entitled to purchase sharesof the acquiring company's common stock at a discount.The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire at the earliest of (i) 11:59 p.m., on January 18, 2021; (ii) the time at which theRights are redeemed or exchanged as provided in the Tax Plan; and (iii) the time at which the Board determines that the Tax Plan is no longer necessary ordesirable for the preservation of NOLs.On April 12, 2018, following approval by our stockholders at the 2017 Annual Meeting, Steel Connect filed an Amendment to its Restated Certificate ofIncorporation (the "Protective Amendment") with the Delaware Secretary of State.The amount of NOLs that we have claimed has not been audited or otherwise validated by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The IRS couldchallenge our calculation of the amount of our NOLs or our determinations as to when a prior change in ownership occurred, and other provisions of the InternalRevenue Code may limit our ability to carry forward our NOLs to offset taxable income in future years. If the IRS was successful with respect to any suchchallenge, the potential tax benefit of the NOLs to us could be substantially reduced.We are subject to federal, state, and foreign tax audits which could result in the imposition of liabilities that may or may not have been reserved.We are subject to audits by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions with respect to income taxes and for various other taxes, including but not limited tovalue added tax, or VAT, excise tax, sales and use tax, gross receipts tax and property tax. These audits can cover periods for several years prior to the date theaudit is undertaken and could result in the imposition of liabilities, interest and penalties, if our positions are not accepted by the auditing tax authority.We may be subject to state sales taxes that we have not paid, collected from our customers or reserved for on our financial statements, which couldmaterially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require a remote sellerwith no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing courtprecedent. We are evaluating our state tax filings with respect to the recent Wayfair decision and prior regulations, and are in the process of reviewing ourcollection practices. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or othersimilar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.One or more jurisdictions may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it couldmaterially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.12Table of ContentsWe may have problems raising or accessing capital we need in the future.In recent years, we have financed our operations and met our capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of oursecurities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of Company owned facilities that were not being fully utilized. These funding sources may not besufficient in the future, and we may need to obtain funding from outside sources. However, we may not be able to obtain funding from outside sources. Inaddition, even if we find outside funding sources, we may be required to issue to those outside sources securities with greater rights than those currently possessedby holders of our common stock. We may also be required to take other actions, which may lessen the value of our common stock or dilute our commonstockholders, including borrowing money on terms that are not favorable to us or issuing additional shares of common stock. If we experience difficulties raisingcapital in the future, our business could be materially adversely affected.In addition, market and other conditions largely beyond our control may affect our ability to engage in future sales of our securities, the timing of any sales,and the amount of proceeds we receive from sales of our securities. Even if we are able to sell our securities in the future, we may not be able to sell at favorableprices or on favorable terms.If financial institutions that have extended credit commitments to us are adversely affected by the conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets,they may become unable to fund borrowings under their credit commitments to us, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to borrow funds, if needed,for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other corporate purposes.We depend on important employees, and the loss of any of those employees may harm our business.Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our executive officers and other key employees, as well as management of oursubsidiaries. The familiarity of these individuals with technology and service-related industries makes them especially critical to our success. Our success is alsodependent on our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate high quality personnel. Competition for highly qualified personnel is intense. The loss of the servicesof any of our executive officers or key employees may harm our business. Also, IWCO's sales executives are focused on specific industry verticals leveraging theirexpertise to drive clients marketing results. The majority of the sales force has at least 10 years' experience in the industry. The loss of key executives may have adetrimental effect on our financial results.The price of our common stock has been volatile and may fluctuate.The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. Our common stock has traded with a closing price as low as $1.56per share and as high as $2.19 per share during the year ended July 31, 2019. Future market movements unrelated to our performance may adversely affect themarket price of our common stock.SPH Group Holdings LLC and its affiliates may have interests that conflict with the interests of our other stockholders and have significant influenceover corporate decisions.As of June 21, 2019, SPH Group Holdings LLC ("SPHG Holdings") and its affiliates, including Steel Partners Holdings L.P. ("Steel Holdings"), Handy &Harman, Ltd. ("HNH"), Steel Partners, Ltd. ("SPL"), beneficially owned approximately 56.3% of our outstanding capital stock, including shares of Series CConvertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series C Preferred Stock") that vote on an as-converted basis together with our common stock.SPHG Holdings acquired the Series C Preferred Stock on December 15, 2017, pursuant to a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Preferred StockPurchase Agreement") between Steel Connect and SPHG Holdings. Under Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, Steel Connect issued 35,000 shares of newlycreated Series C Preferred Stock to SPHG Holdings at a price of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate purchase consideration of $35.0 million (the "Preferred StockTransaction"). The terms, rights, obligations and preferences of the Series C Preferred Stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rightsof Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of Steel Connect filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. As a result of the Preferred Stock Transaction,the Company is a "controlled company" within the meaning of the NASDAQ rules. Steel Holdings, HNH, SPL and SPHG Holdings will be able to influence ourmanagement and affairs and all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of mergers, consolidations or the sale of allor substantially all of our assets. In addition, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our Companyand might adversely affect the market price of our common stock.On February 28, 2019, the Company entered into that certain 7.50% Convertible Senior Note Due 2024 Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings,whereby SPHG Holdings agreed to loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for a 7.50%13Table of ContentsConvertible Senior Note due 2024 (the "SPHG Note"). The SPHG Note bears interest at the rate of 7.50% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2019. The SPHG Note will mature on March 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased by the Company orconverted by the holder in accordance with their terms prior to such maturity date. See Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II for furtherdetails.On June 14, 2019, the Company entered into a Management Services Agreement (the "2019 Management Services Agreement") with Steel Services Ltd.("Steel Services"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings. The 2019 Management Services Agreement was effective as of June 1, 2019. The 2019Management Services Agreement supersedes all prior agreements between the Company and Steel Services, including that certain Management ServicesAgreement, dated January 1, 2015, between SP Corporate Services LLC (now known as Steel Services) and the Company.Members of our Board also have significant interests in Steel Holdings and its affiliates, which may create conflicts of interest.Some members of our Board also hold positions with Steel Holdings and its affiliates. Specifically, Warren G. Lichtenstein, our Interim Chief ExecutiveOfficer and Executive Chairman of the Board, is affiliated with Steel Holdings and is now the Executive Chairman of Steel Partners Holdings GP Inc. ("SteelHoldings GP"). Glen Kassan, our Vice Chairman of the Board and former Chief Administrative Officer, is an employee of Steel Services. Jack L. Howard, thePresident and a director of Steel Holdings GP, was appointed to the Board upon the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction described above. William T. Fejes,the Chief Operating Officer of Steel Holdings, was appointed to the Board upon the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction described above. See Directors,Executive Officers and Corporate Governance in Item 10 of this Form 10-K for full biographical information for Messrs. Lichtenstein, Kassan, Howard and Fejes.As a result, these individuals may face potential conflicts of interest with each other and with our stockholders. They may be presented with situations intheir capacity as our directors that conflict with their fiduciary obligations to Steel Holdings and its affiliates, which in turn may have interests that conflict withthe interests of our other stockholders.Our Board is composed of seven directors, of that, three directors are independent and the remaining four are not independent.Litigation pending against us could materially impact our business and results of operations.We are currently a party to various legal and other proceedings. See Legal Proceedings in Item 3 of this Form 10-K. These matters may involve substantialexpense to us, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and our results of operations. We can provide no assurances as to the outcomeof any litigation.RISKS RELATED TO A MATERIAL WEAKNESS EXISTS IN OUR INTERNAL CONTROLSManagement's determination that a material weakness exists in our internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverse impact onthe Company.We are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and thepreparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. In Item 9A of this Annual Report,management reports that a material weakness exists in the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Due to this material weakness, management hasconcluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based onthe criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We areactively engaged in developing and implementing a remediation plan designed to address this material weakness. Any failure to implement effective internalcontrols could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Inadequate internal controls, among other things, could also causeinvestors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock, and may requireus to incur additional costs to improve our internal control system.RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESSOverview of Credit Facilities14Table of ContentsOn December 15, 2017, MLGS Merger Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed wholly owned subsidiary of Steel Connect ("MLGS"),entered into a financing agreement (the "Financing Agreement") by and among MLGS, Instant Web, LLC, a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary ofIWCO (as "Borrower"), IWCO, and certain of IWCO's subsidiaries (together with IWCO, the "Guarantors"), the lenders from time to time party thereto, andCerberus Business Finance, LLC, as collateral agent and administrative agent for the lenders. MLGS was the initial borrower under the Financing Agreement, butimmediately upon the consummation of the IWCO Acquisition, Borrower became the borrower under the Financing Agreement. The Financing Agreementprovides for a $393.0 million term loan facility and a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (together, the "Cerberus Credit Facility"). Proceeds of the CerberusCredit Facility were used (i) to finance a portion of the IWCO Acquisition, (ii) to repay certain existing indebtedness of the Borrower and its subsidiaries, (iii) forworking capital and general corporate purposes and (iv) to pay fees and expenses related to the Financing Agreement and the IWCO Acquisition. The CerberusCredit Facility has a maturity of five years.On June 30, 2014, two direct and wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company (the "ModusLink Borrowers") entered into a revolving credit and securityagreement (the "Credit Agreement"), as borrowers and guarantors, with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC Bank"), as lender and as agent, respectively. TheCredit Agreement had a five (5) year term which was to expire on June 30, 2019. On April 30, 2019, the Borrowers and Guarantors entered into a SecondAmendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the "Second Amendment") by and among the Borrowers, the Guarantors, the financial institutionsnamed as parties thereto from time to time as lenders (collectively, the "Lenders") and PNC Bank as Agent. The Second Amendment amends the Credit Agreementin order to, among other things, (i) reduce the aggregate Revolving Commitment Amounts (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Lenders and the relatedMaximum Revolving Advance Amount (as defined in the Credit Agreement) available to Borrowers under the Credit Agreement, from $50.0 million to $25.0million, and (ii) to extend the maturity of the term under the Credit Agreement by six (6) months from June 30, 2019 to December 31, 2019. The maximum creditcommitment of $25.0 million is available for letters of credit (with a sublimit of $5.0 million).Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our financial and operatingperformance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some which are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will beable to generate cash flow or that we will be able to borrow funds in amounts sufficient to enable us to service our debt, meet working capital requirements andmake necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets,restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend onthe capital and credit markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities ondesirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. See Liquidity and Capital Resources contained in Item 7 of this Form 10-K.Our indebtedness could restrict our operations and make us more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions.Our indebtedness could have important consequences for us and our stockholders. For example, our Financing Agreement and our Credit Agreement(together, the "Debt Agreements") require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducingthe availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. In addition, ourindebtedness could:•increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and competitive pressures in our industry;•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt;•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry; and•limit our ability to borrow additional funds on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.The Debt Agreements governing our indebtedness contain restrictive covenants that will restrict our operational flexibility and require that we maintainspecified financial ratios. If we cannot comply with these covenants, we may be in default under the Debt Agreements.The Debt Agreements governing our indebtedness contain affirmative and negative covenants, including with regard to specified financial ratios, that limitand restrict our operations and may hamper our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Events beyond our control could affectour ability to meet these and other covenants under the Debt Agreements. Our failure to comply with our covenants and other obligations under the DebtAgreements may result in an15Table of Contentsevent of default thereunder. A default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of our indebtedness. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we cannot be certainthat we will have sufficient funds available to pay the accelerated indebtedness (together with accrued interest and fees), or that we will have the ability to refinancethe accelerated indebtedness on terms favorable to us or at all. This could have serious consequences to our financial condition, operating results, and business, andcould cause us to become insolvent or enter bankruptcy proceedings, and shareholders may lose all or a portion of their investment because of the priority of theclaims of our creditors on our assets.If we are unable to generate or borrow sufficient cash to make payments on our indebtedness, our financial condition would be materially harmed, ourbusiness could fail, and shareholders may lose all of their investment.Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our obligations will depend on our financial and operating performance, which will be affectedby economic, financial, competitive, business, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generatesufficient cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations or fund our otherliquidity needs, we may need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity or sell certain of our assets. We cannot assureyou that we will be able to restructure or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which could cause us to default on our debtobligations and impair our liquidity. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerouscovenants, which could further restrict our business operations.Increases in interest rates could adversely affect our results from operations and financial condition.An increase in prevailing interest rates would have an effect on the interest rates charged on our variable rate debt, which rise and fall upon changes ininterest rates. If prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates, the increased interest expense would adversely affect our cash flow and ourability to service our indebtedness.ITEM 1B.— UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 2.— PROPERTIESThe Supply Chain business leases more than 20 sites in several countries from which we operate ModusLink, which facilities consist of office andwarehouse space. These facilities are located throughout the world, including, but not limited to, facilities throughout the United States (including our corporateheadquarters in Waltham, Massachusetts), in Mexico, the Netherlands, Czech Republic, Singapore, Japan and China. e-Business operates from its leased facilitiesin the Netherlands with offices in Massachusetts, Utah, Singapore and Australia. We believe that our existing facilities are suitable and adequate for our presentpurposes, and that new facilities will be available in the event we need additional or new space. Our Supply Chain business leases generally expire at varying datesthrough fiscal year 2023 and include renewals at our option. Certain facilities leased by us are subleased in whole or in part to subtenants, and we are seeking tosublease additional office and warehouse space that is not currently being utilized by us.IWCO has administrative offices in Chanhassen, MN. and has three facilities in Chanhassen, MN., one facility in Little Falls, MN., one facility inWarminster, PA. and two facilities in Hamburg, PA. The IWCO leases generally expire at varying dates through fiscal year 2030 and include renewals at ouroption.ITEM 3.— LEGAL PROCEEDINGSThe information set forth under Note 8 - "Commitments and Contingencies" to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8, FinancialStatements and Supplementary Data, of this Report, is incorporated herein by reference. For an additional discussion of certain risks associated with legalproceedings, also see Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Report.ITEM 4.— MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot Applicable.PART II16Table of ContentsITEM 5.—MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OFEQUITY SECURITIESMarket InformationOur common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "STCN."StockholdersAs of October 3, 2019, there were approximately 320 holders of record of common stock of the Company.DividendsWe currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to support our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Payment offuture dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors, after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operatingresults, any restrictions on payment of dividends under our credit facility, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion.Recent Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesNone.Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesThe Company did not make any purchases of its common stock during the quarter ended July 31, 2019.Equity Compensation PlansInformation regarding the Company's equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth in Item 12 of Part III.ITEM 6.— SELECTED FINANCIAL DATAConsistent with the rules applicable to "Smaller Reporting Companies" we have omitted information required by this Item.ITEM 7.— MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSThis Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, asamended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical factmay be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects" and similar expressionsare intended to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-lookingstatements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A of this report, "Risk Factors", and elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned not to placeundue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof. We do notundertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.OverviewSteel Connect, Inc. is a diversified holding company with two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ModusLink and IWCO, that have market-leading positions insupply chain management and direct marketing.ModusLink provides comprehensive physical and digital supply chain optimization services (the "Supply Chain business") that are designed to improveclients' revenue, cost, sustainability and customer experience objectives. We provide services to leading companies across a wide spectrum of industries, includingconsumer electronics, communications, computing, medical devices, software, and retail, among others. The Supply Chain business operations are supported by aglobal footprint that includes more than 20 sites across North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.17Table of ContentsMany of the Supply Chain's business' clients products are subject to seasonal consumer buying patterns. As a result, the services we provide to our clientsare also subject to seasonality, with higher revenue and operating income typically being realized from handling our clients' products during the first half of ourfiscal year, which includes the holiday selling season.As a leading provider of data-driven direct marketing solutions, IWCO's products and services help clients create more effective marketing offers andcommunications across all marketing channels to create new and more loyal customers. With a nearly 50-year legacy of printing and mailing services, theCompany's full range of expanded marketing services includes strategy, creative, and execution for omnichannel marketing campaigns, along with one of theindustry's most sophisticated postal logistics strategies for direct mail. Through Mail-Gard®, IWCO offers business continuity and disaster recovery services toprotect against unexpected business interruptions, along with providing print and mail outsourcing services.IWCO's services include (a) development of direct mail and omnichannel marketing strategies (b) creative services to design direct mail, email, and onlinemarketing (c) printing and compiling of direct mail pieces into envelopes ready for mailing (d) commingling services to sort mail produced for various customers,by destination to achieve optimized postal savings (e) and business continuity and disaster recovery services for critical communications to protect againstunexpected business interruptions. The major markets served by IWCO include financial services, MSO (cable or direct-broadcast satellite TV systems), insuranceand to a lesser extent subscription/services, healthcare, travel/hospitality and other. Direct mail is a critical piece of marketing for most of its current customerswho use direct mail to acquire new customers. Management believes that direct mail will remain an important part of its customer's budgets for the foreseeablefuture, based on its proven ability to enhance results when used as part of an omnichannel marketing strategy.IWCO is ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS) certified through BSI, reflecting its commitment to data security. IWCO hasadministrative offices in Chanhassen, MN. and has three facilities in Chanhassen MN., one facility in Little Falls, MN., one facility in Warminster, PA. and twofacilities in Hamburg, PA.Management evaluates operating performance based on net revenue, operating income (loss) and net income (loss) and a measure that we refer to asAdjusted EBITDA, defined as net income (loss) excluding net charges related to interest income, interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, amortizationof intangible assets, strategic consulting and other related professional fees, executive severance and employee retention, restructuring, non-cash charge related to afair value step-up to work-in-process inventory, adjustments related to certain tax liabilities, share-based compensation, gains and losses on sale of long-livedassets, impairment of long-lived assets, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses, net, other non-operating gains and losses, net, and gains and losses oninvestments in affiliates and impairments. Among the key factors that will influence our performance are successful execution and implementation of our strategicinitiatives, global economic conditions, especially in the technology sector, financial services, MSO and insurance.For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company reported net revenue of $819.8 million, an operating loss of $(25.3) million, a loss before income taxesof $(62.1) million and a net loss of $(66.7) million. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018, the Company reported net revenue of $645.3 million, an operating lossof $(8.3) million, a loss before income taxes of $(35.3) million and a net income of $36.7 million. At July 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $32.5million, and negative working capital of $(43.5) million. The working capital deficit was primarily driven by the reduction in cash and cash equivalents used toretire the 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes on March 1, 2019 and an increase in accrued liabilities associated with IWCO.Basis of PresentationDuring the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company changed the determination of reportable segments. This change was made to be consistentwith the information provided to the Company's CODM for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance and quantitativethresholds. The Company has determined that it has two reportable segments: Supply Chain and Direct Marketing. The July 31, 2018 financial information hasbeen restated to reflect these changes on a comparable basis. The Company also has Corporate-level activity, which consists primarily of costs associated withcertain corporate administrative functions such as legal, finance, share-based compensation and acquisition costs which are not allocated to the Company'sreportable segments. The Corporate-level balance sheet information includes cash and cash equivalents, notes payables and other assets and liabilities which arenot identifiable to the operations of the Company's operating segments. All significant intra-segment amounts have been eliminated.Results of OperationsFiscal Year 2019 compared to Fiscal Year 201818Table of ContentsNet Revenue: TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2019 As a %ofTotalNetRevenue TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2018 As a %ofTotalNetRevenue $ Change % Change (In thousands)Supply Chain$332,928 40.6% $345,900 53.6% $(12,972) (3.8)%Direct Marketing486,902 59.4% 299,358 46.4% 187,544 62.6 %Total$819,830 100.0% $645,258 100.0% $174,572 27.1 %Net revenue increased by approximately $174.6 million during the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The change innet revenue was driven by the increase in revenue associated with the acquisition of IWCO in December 2017 and an increase in Supply Chain revenues associatedwith a client in the computing market, offset primarily by decreased revenues from a client in the consumer electronics industry, which did not have a significantnegative affect on income from operations. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on net revenues for the year ended July 31,2019, as compared to the prior year. During the year ended July 31, 2019, net revenue in the Supply Chain segment decreased by approximately $(13.0) million,primarily due to a client loss in the consumer electronics industry. This decrease was offset partially by higher revenues from programs in the computing andconsumer electronics markets. During the year ended July 31, 2019, net revenue in the Direct Marketing increased by approximately $187.5 million primarilybecause IWCO's revenue in fiscal year 2019 represents revenue for a full fiscal year while its revenue in fiscal year 2018 represents revenue from its acquisitiondate of December 15, 2017.Cost of Revenue: TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2019 As a %ofSegmentNetRevenue TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2018 As a %ofSegmentNetRevenue $ Change % Change (In thousands)Supply Chain$297,417 89.3% $313,978 90.8% $(16,561) (5.3)%Direct Marketing372,683 76.5% 230,021 76.8% 142,662 62.0 %Total$670,100 81.7% $543,999 84.3% $126,101 23.2 %Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses related to the cost of materials purchased in connection with the provision of supply chain management anddirect marketing services as well as costs for salaries and benefits, contract labor, consulting, paper for direct mailing, fulfillment and shipping, and applicablefacilities costs. Cost of revenue for the twelve months ended July 31, 2019 included materials procured on behalf of our Supply Chain clients of $191.4 million, ascompared to $194.6 million for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of $3.2 million. Total cost of revenue increased by $126.1 million for the twelvemonths ended July 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to the increase in cost of revenue associated with the IWCOAcquisition, partially offset by lower material and labor costs associated with lower volume from clients in the consumer electronics and consumer productsindustries. Gross margin percentage for the current year increased to 18.3% from 15.7% in the prior year. For the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, theCompany's gross margin percentages within the Supply Chain and Direct Marketing segments were 10.7% and 23.5%, respectively, as compared to gross marginpercentages within the Supply Chain and Direct Marketing segments of 9.2% and 23.2%, respectively, for the same period of the prior year. Fluctuations in foreigncurrency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on gross margin for the twelve months ended July 31, 2019. In the Supply Chain segment, the 1.5 percentagepoint improvement in gross margin, from 9.2% to 10.7%, was primarily attributable to a favorable product mix associated with increased volumes in the computingmarket, partially offset by decline in volumes associated with a client loss in the consumer electronics industry and an impairment charge of $3.0 million recordedin cost of revenue. Without this non-cash impairment charge the Supply Chain gross margin percentage would have been 11.6% for the twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019. Gross margin for the Direct Marketing segment remained consistent with that of the prior year.Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:19Table of Contents TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2019 As a %ofSegmentNetRevenue TwelveMonths EndedJuly 31,2018 As a %ofSegmentNetRevenue $ Change % Change (In thousands)Supply Chain$38,848 11.7% $44,001 12.7% $(5,153) (11.7)%Direct Marketing92,927 19.1% 38,312 12.8% 54,615 142.6 %Sub-total131,775 16.1% 82,313 12.8% 49,462 60.1 %Corporate-level activity12,303 19,659 (7,356) (37.4)%Total$144,078 17.6% $101,972 15.8% $42,106 41.3 %Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee-related costs, sales commissions and incentive plans,information technology expenses, travel expenses, facilities costs, consulting fees, fees for professional services, depreciation expense, marketing expenses, share-based compensation expense, transaction costs and public reporting costs. The selling, general and administrative expenses during the twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019 increased by $42.1 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to additional selling, general and administrative expensesassociated with the Direct Marketing segment ($54.6 million), including a charge in the current fiscal year associated with accrued taxes ($32.1 million), partiallyoffset by lower share-based compensation expense ($9.5 million) which was recorded as part of Corporate-level-activity, lower professional fees ($1.0 million),lower employee related costs ($1.0 million), as well as other general and administrative costs. The Supply Chain segment expenses declined by approximately $5.2million during the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The Direct Marketing segment expenses increased because thebalance in fiscal year 2019 represents expenses for a full fiscal year while its balance in fiscal year 2018 represents expenses from its acquisition date of December15, 2017. The Corporate-level expenses declined by approximately $7.4 million during the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to the same period in the prioryear. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on selling, general and administrative expenses for the twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019.Amortization of Intangible Assets:The intangible asset amortization of $30.4 million and $20.3 million, respectively, during the twelve months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, relates toamortizable intangible assets acquired by the Company in connection with its acquisition of IWCO on December 15, 2017. Acquired intangible assets includetrademarks, tradenames and customer relationships. The trademarks and tradenames intangible asset are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a 3 yearestimated useful life. The customer relationship intangible asset is being amortized on a double-declining basis over an estimated useful life of 15 years.Interest Income/Expense:Interest income totaled approximately $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.Interest expense totaled approximately $42.0 million and $29.9 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase ininterest expense was primarily due to the additional debt associated with the acquisition of IWCO. The interest expense associated with IWCO in fiscal year 2019represents a full fiscal year of interest while its interest in fiscal year 2018 represents interest from its acquisition date of December 15, 2017.Other Gains, net:Other gains, net totaled approximately $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Companyrecorded gains of $4.6 million from the derecognition of accrued pricing liabilities, as discussed in Note 6 of the accompanying notes to consolidated financialstatements included in Item 8. The balance also consists of $0.3 million in net realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains, offset by $(0.3) million in otherlosses, net. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the net foreign currency exchange gain of $0.3 million primarily related to realized and unrealized gains(losses) from foreign currency exposures and settled transactions in the Supply Chain segment.Other gains, net totaled approximately $2.2 million for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018. The balance consists primarily of $1.9 million in net gainsassociated with the sale of publicly traded securities, $1.1 million in net realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains, offset by other gain and losses. For thefiscal year ended July 31, 2018, the net foreign20Table of Contentscurrency exchange gain of $1.1 million primarily related to realized and unrealized gains (losses) from foreign currency exposures and settled transactions in theSupply Chain segment.Income Tax Expense:During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $4.7 million. During the fiscal year ended July 31,2018, the Company recorded income tax benefit of approximately $71.2 million. The income tax benefit during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018 is related to thereduction of the Company's valuation allowance associated with the IWCO acquisition of approximately $78.5 million partially offset by income tax expense incertain jurisdictions where the Company operates, using the enacted tax rates in those jurisdictions.The Company provides for income tax expense related to federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The Company continues to maintain a full valuationallowance against its deferred tax assets in the U.S. and certain of its foreign subsidiaries due to the uncertainty of realizing such benefits.Non-GAAP MeasuresIn addition to the financial measures prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company uses Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, to assess its performance. EBITDA represents earnings before interest, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. TheCompany defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding net charges related to interest income, interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation,amortization of intangible assets, strategic consulting and other professional fees, executive severance and employee retention, restructuring, non-cash chargerelated to a fair value step-up to work-in-process inventory, adjustments related to certain tax liabilities, share-based compensation, gains and losses on sale oflong-lived assets, impairment of long-lived assets, unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses, net, other non-operating (gains) losses, net, and (gains) losses oninvestments in affiliates and impairments.We believe that providing Adjusted EBITDA to investors is useful as this measure provides important supplemental information of our performance toinvestors and permits investors and management to evaluate the operating performance of the Company's business. We use Adjusted EBITDA in internal forecastsand models when establishing internal operating budgets, supplementing the financial results and forecasts reported to our Board of Directors, determining acomponent of incentive compensation for executive officers and other key employees based on operating performance and evaluating short-term and long-termoperating trends in our business. We believe that the Adjusted EBITDA financial measure assists in providing an enhanced understanding of our underlyingoperational measures to manage our business, to evaluate performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace, and to establish operational goals. Webelieve that these non-GAAP financial adjustments are useful to investors because they allow investors to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology andinformation used by management in our financial and operational decision-making.Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided inaccordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies.Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. Some of these limitations are:•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractualcommitments;•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capitalneeds;•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in thefuture, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;•non-cash compensation is and will remain a key element of our overall long-term incentive compensation package, although we exclude it as anexpense when evaluating our ongoing operating performance for a particular period;•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoingoperations; and•other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparativemeasure.21Table of ContentsThe following table includes the reconciliations of our U.S. GAAP net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, toEBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018: Twelve Months Ended July 31,(In thousands)2019 2018Net income (loss)$(66,727) $36,715 Interest income(528) (679)Interest expense41,951 29,884Income tax expense (benefit)4,670 (71,202)Depreciation22,058 16,791Amortization of intangible assets30,446 20,285EBITDA31,870 31,794 Strategic consulting and other related professional fees722 2,937Executive severance and employee retention387 202Restructuring57 271Non-cash charge related to a fair value step-up to work-in-process inventory— 7,211Adjustments related to certain tax liabilities32,070 —Share-based compensation1,267 10,801(Gain) loss on sale of long-lived assets485 (12,070)Impairment of long-lived assets3,015 (91)Unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses(115) (2,408)Other non-cash (gains) losses, net(4,265) (1,839)Gains on investments in affiliates(42) (801)Adjusted EBITDA$65,451 $36,007Our Adjusted EBITDA measure reflects adjustments based on the following items:Strategic consulting and other related professional fees. We exclude certain professional fees related to our evaluation of strategic alternatives, costalignment initiatives, and proxy contests with activist investors. We exclude these costs because we do not believe they are indicative of our normal operatingcosts.Executive severance and employee retention. We have incurred severance charges related to certain executives of the Company, and costs related to theretention of certain employees of the Company. We exclude these costs because we do not believe they are indicative of our normal operating costs.Restructuring. We incur charges due to the restructuring of our business, including severance charges and contractual obligations associated with facilityreductions resulting from our streamlining efforts. The amount and timing of any future restructuring activity is difficult to predict.Non-cash charge related to a fair value step-up to work-in-process inventory. With the acquisition of IWCO the Company recorded a fair value "step-up" towork-in-process inventory, which was recognized as a one-time non-cash charge to cost of revenue.Adjustments related to certain tax liabilities. We exclude charges related to certain tax liabilities because we do not believe they are indicative of ournormal operating costs.Share-based compensation expense. We incur expenses related to share-based compensation included in our U.S. GAAP presentation of cost of revenue andselling, general and administrative expenses. Although share-based compensation is an expense we incur and is viewed as a form of compensation, the expensevaries in amount from period to period, and is affected by market forces that are difficult to predict and are not within the control of management, such as themarket price and volatility of our shares, risk-free interest rates and the expected term and forfeiture of the awards.22Table of ContentsGains and losses on sale of long-lived assets. We completed the sale of our property in Singapore during the fiscal year 2018. This gain on this sale, andsimilar gains and losses on sale of long-lived assets, are excluded because they do not relate to the performance of our core business.Impairment of long-lived assets. Although an impairment of long-lived assets does not directly impact the Company's current cash position, such expenserepresents the declining value of the asset recorded at the time of the business acquisition and the other long-lived assets that were acquired. We exclude theseimpairments because they are not indicative of our normal operating costs.Unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses. We exclude these gains and losses as we do not believe they directly impact the Company's cash position untilthey are realized.Other non-cash (gains) losses. We exclude other non-cash (gains) losses as they do not relate to the performance of our core business. This amount includesthe $4.6 million of gains from the derecognition of accrued pricing liabilities during the fiscal year 2019.Gains on investments in affiliates. We exclude (gains) losses on investments in affiliates and impairments related to our investments in a small number ofprivately held companies. We exclude this balance because it is not related to or indicative of the results of the Company's core business.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesHistorically, the Company has financed its operations and met its capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of oursecurities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of facilities that were not fully utilized. As of July 31, 2019, the Company's primary sources of liquidityconsisted of cash and cash equivalents of $32.5 million. The Company's ModusLink Corporation subsidiary has undistributed earnings from its foreign subsidiariesof approximately $9.8 million at July 31, 2019, of which approximately $0.6 million is considered to be permanently reinvested due to certain restrictions underlocal laws as well as the Company's plans to reinvest such earnings for future expansion in certain foreign jurisdictions. Due to the changes reflected in the new taxlaw there is no U.S. tax payable upon repatriating the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries considered not subject to permanent investment. Foreignwithholding taxes would range from 0% to 10% on any repatriated funds.For the Company, earnings and profits have been calculated at each subsidiary. The Company's foreign subsidiaries are in an overall net deficit for earningsand profits purposes. As such, no adjustment was made to U.S. taxable income in 2018 relating to this aspect of the new tax law. In future years, under the new taxlaw the Company will be able to repatriate its foreign earnings without incurring additional U.S. tax as a result of a 100% dividends received deduction. TheCompany believes that any future withholding taxes or state taxes associated with such a repatriation would be minor.On June 30, 2014, two direct and wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company (the "Borrowers") and certain subsidiaries of the Borrowers acting asguarantors (the "Guarantors"), entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), as borrowers and guarantors, with PNC Bank,National Association ("PNC Bank"), as a Lender and as agent for the Lenders ("Agent"). The Credit Agreement had a five (5) year term which was to expire onJune 30, 2019. On April 30, 2019, the Borrowers and Guarantors entered into a Second Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the "SecondAmendment") by and among the Borrowers, the Guarantors, the financial institutions named as parties thereto from time to time as lenders (collectively, the"Lenders") and PNC Bank as Agent. The Second Amendment amends the Credit Agreement in order to, among other things, (i) reduce the aggregate RevolvingCommitment Amounts (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Lenders and the related Maximum Revolving Advance Amount (as defined in the CreditAgreement) available to Borrowers under the Credit Agreement, from $50.0 million to $25.0 million, and (ii) to extend the maturity of the term under the CreditAgreement by six (6) months from June 30, 2019 to December 31, 2019. The maximum credit commitment of $25.0 million is available for letters of credit (with asublimit of $5.0 million). At July 31, 2019, the Company had a readily available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement of $13.8 million. As of July 31,2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any balance outstanding on the Credit Agreement.The Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative covenants (including periodic reporting obligations) and events of default, including upon achange of control. During the year ended July 31, 2019, the Company did not meet the criteria that would cause its financial covenants to be applicable.23Table of ContentsOn December 15, 2017, MLGS Merger Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("MLGS"),entered into a Financing Agreement (the Financing Agreement), by and among the MLGS (as the initial borrower), Instant Web, LLC, a Delaware corporation andwholly owned subsidiary of IWCO (as Borrower), IWCO, and certain of IWCO's subsidiaries (together with IWCO, the Guarantors), the lenders from time to timeparty thereto, and Cerberus Business Finance, LLC, as collateral agent and administrative agent for the lenders. MLGS was the initial borrower under theFinancing Agreement, but immediately upon the consummation of the IWCO Acquisition, as described above, Borrower became the borrower under the FinancingAgreement.The Financing Agreement provides for $393.0 million term loan facility (the "Term Loan") and a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the "RevolvingFacility") (together, the Cerberus Credit Facility). Proceeds of the Cerberus Credit Facility were used (i) to finance a portion of the IWCO Acquisition, (ii) to repaycertain existing indebtedness of the Borrower and its subsidiaries, (iii) for working capital and general corporate purposes and (iv) to pay fees and expenses relatedto the Financing Agreement and the IWCO Acquisition. The Cerberus Credit Facility has a maturity of five years. Borrowings under the Cerberus Credit Facilitybear interest, at the Borrower's option, at a Reference Rate plus 3.75% or a LIBOR Rate plus 6.5%, each as defined the Financing Agreement. The initial interestrate under the Cerberus Credit Facility is at the LIBOR Rate option. The Term Loan under the Cerberus Credit Facility is repayable in consecutive quarterlyinstallments, each of which will be in an amount equal per quarter of $1.5 million and each such installment to be due and payable, in arrears, on the last day ofeach calendar quarter commencing on March 31, 2018 and ending on the earlier of (a) December 15, 2022 and (b) upon the payment in full of all obligations underthe Financing Agreement and the termination of all commitments under the Financing Agreement. Further, the Term Loan would be permanently reduced pursuantto certain mandatory prepayment events including an annual "excess cash flow sweep" of 50% of the consolidated excess cash flow, with a step-down to 25%when the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Financing Agreement) is below 3.50:1.00; provided that, in any calendar year, any voluntary prepayments of the TermLoan shall be credited against the Borrower's "excess cash flow" prepayment obligations on a dollar-for-dollar basis for such calendar year. Borrowings under theFinancing Agreement are fully guaranteed by the Guarantors and are collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors and a pledgeof all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of each of IWCO's subsidiaries. The Financing Agreement contains certain representations, warranties, eventsof default, mandatory prepayment requirements, as well as certain affirmative and negative covenants customary for financing agreements of this type. During thetwelve month ended July 31, 2019, the Company did not trigger any of these covenants. At July 31, 2019, IWCO had a readily available borrowing capacity underits Revolving Facility of $19.0 million. As of July 31, 2019, IWCO had $6.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Facility. As of July 31, 2018, the Company didnot have an outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility. As of July 31, 2019, the principal amount outstanding on the Term Loan was $375.1 million. As ofJuly 31, 2019, the current and long-term net carrying value of the Term Loan was $374.2 million.On February 28, 2019, the Company entered into that certain 7.50% Convertible Senior Note Due 2024 Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings,whereby SPHG Holdings agreed to loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for a 7.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2024. The SPHG Note bears interest atthe rate of 7.50% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2019. The SPHG Note willmature on March 1, 2024, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted by the holder in accordance with their terms prior to such maturity date. SeeNote 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II of this Form 10-K for further details.Consolidated working capital deficit was $(43.5) million at July 31, 2019, compared with $(12.1) million at July 31, 2018. Included in working capital werecash and cash equivalents of $32.5 million at July 31, 2019 and $92.1 million at July 31, 2018. The working capital deficit was primarily driven by the reduction incash and cash equivalents used to retire the 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes on March 1, 2019 and an increase in accrued liabilities associated with IWCO.Net cash provided by operating activities was $20.8 million for the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of$10.0 million in the prior year period. The $10.8 million improvement in cash provided by operating activities reflects improvement in income from operations,excluding adjustments related to certain tax liabilities. During the year ended July 31, 2019, non-cash items within net cash provided by operating activitiesincluded depreciation expense of $22.1 million, amortization of intangible assets of $30.4 million, amortization of deferred financing costs of $0.8 million,accretion of debt discount of $3.4 million, impairment of long-lived assets of $3.0 million, share-based compensation of $1.3 million, other (gains) losses, net of$(4.6) million and gains on investments in affiliates and impairments of $42.0 thousand. During the year ended July 31, 2018, non-cash items within net cashprovided by operating activities included depreciation expense of $16.8 million, amortization of intangible assets of $20.3 million, amortization of deferredfinancing costs of $1.1 million, accretion of debt discount of $4.4 million, share-based compensation of $10.8 million, other (gains) losses, net (including gain onsale of building) of $15.3 million and gains on investments in affiliates and impairments of $0.8 million.24Table of ContentsThe Company believes that its cash flows related to operating activities of continuing operations are dependent on several factors, including profitability,accounts receivable collections, effective inventory management practices, and optimization of the credit terms of certain vendors of the Company. Our cash flowsfrom operations are also dependent on several factors including the overall performance of the technology sector, the market for outsourcing services and thecontinued positive operations of IWCO.Net cash used in investing activities was $14.5 million for the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $452.3million in the prior year period. The $14.5 million of cash used in investing activities during the year ended July 31, 2019 was primarily comprised of $14.5 millionin capital expenditures. The $452.3 million of cash used in investing activities during the year ended July 31, 2018 was primarily comprised of $469.2 million inpayments associated with the acquisition of IWCO, $18.4 million in capital expenditures, offset by $20.7 million in proceeds associated with the sale of propertyand equipment, $13.8 million in proceeds from the sale of Trading Securities and $0.8 million in proceeds from investments in affiliates.Net cash used in financing activities was $63.8 million for the year ended July 31, 2019, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $421.9million in the prior year period. The $63.8 million of cash used in financing activities during the year ended July 31, 2019 was primarily comprised of proceedsfrom issuance of Convertible Note of $14.9 million, proceeds from revolving line of credit, net of $6.0 million, payments on maturity of Convertible Notes of$63.9 million, payment of long-term debt of $14.9 million, payment of preferred dividends of $2.1 million, purchase of the Company's Convertible Notes of $3.7million and repayments on capital lease obligations of $0.1 million. The $421.9 million of cash provided by financing activities during the year ended July 31, 2018was primarily related to the $393.0 million in net proceeds from the Term Loan associated with the IWCO Acquisition, $35.0 million in proceeds associated withthe issuance of convertible preferred stock, $3.0 million in payments of long-term debt, $1.3 million in payment of deferred financing costs, $1.1 million inpayments of preferred dividends and $0.7 million in payments on capital lease obligations.At July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and Trading Securities of $32.5 million and $92.1 million, respectively. As ofJuly 31, 2019, the Company had a deficiency in working capital which was primarily driven by the Company's $6.0 million outstanding on the revolving creditfacility, accrued pricing liabilities which the Company believes will not require a cash outlay in the next twelve months and the additional liabilities assumedbecause of the acquisition of IWCO Direct during December 2017. At July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had a readily available borrowing capacity under itsPNC Bank Credit Facility of $13.8 million and $9.6 million, respectively. At July 31, 2019 and 2018, IWCO had a readily available borrowing capacity under itsRevolving Facility (under the Financing Agreement) of $19.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively. Per the Financing Agreement and the credit facilitiesprovided thereunder, IWCO is permitted to make distributions to Steel Connect, an aggregate amount not to exceed $5.0 million in any fiscal year and payreasonable documented expenses incurred by Steel Connect. Steel Connect is entitled to receive additional cash remittances under a "U.S. Federal Income TaxSharing Agreement." The Company believes it will generate sufficient cash to meet its debt covenants under the Credit Agreement and the Financing Agreement towhich certain of its subsidiaries are a party and that it will be able to obtain cash through its current credit facilities, through securitization of certain tradereceivables or through a new credit facility being negotiated. As discussed above, the Company's 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes matured on March 1, 2019, witha balance due of $65.6 million, including interest to the March 1, 2019 maturity date. The total $65.6 million balance due was paid in full by the Company fromavailable cash on-hand and $14.9 million from the proceeds of the 7.50% Convertible Senior Note transaction entered into on February 28, 2019. See Note 7 to theConsolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II of this Form 10-K for further details.Off-Balance Sheet Financing ArrangementsThe Company does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.Contractual ObligationsThe Company leases facilities and certain other machinery and equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases and executory contracts expiringthrough July 2030. Purchase obligations represent an estimate of all open purchase orders and contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business for whichthe Company has not received the goods or services. Although open purchase orders are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms generally allow usthe option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to the delivery of goods or performance of services. OurContractual Obligations do not include any reserves for income taxes. See Note 8 of the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item8 below for future annual minimum payments associated with our Contractual Obligation and Other Commitments. Because we are unable to reasonably predictthe ultimate amount or timing of25Table of Contentssettlement of our reserves for income taxes, the Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments table does not include our reserves for income taxes. See Note 9of the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 below for a summary of our expected contributions and benefit payments for theCompany's defined benefit pension plans. Total rent and equipment lease expense charged to continuing operations was $19.0 million and $19.2 million for thefiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. From time to time, the Company agrees to provide indemnification to its clients in the ordinary course ofbusiness. Typically, the Company agrees to indemnify its clients for losses caused by the Company. As of July 31, 2019, the Company had no recorded liabilitieswith respect to these arrangements.Critical Accounting PoliciesThe discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have beenprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to makeestimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidatedfinancial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, includingthose related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories, restructuring, contingencies, share-based compensation expense, goodwill andlong-lived assets, investments, pension obligations and income taxes. Of the accounting estimates we routinely make relating to our critical accounting policies,those estimates made in the process of: recognition of revenue, determining the valuation of inventory and related reserves; measuring share-based compensationexpense; determining projected and discounted cash flows for purposes of evaluating goodwill, long-lived assets and intangible assets for impairment; preparinginvestment valuations; and establishing income tax valuation allowances and liabilities are the estimates most likely to have a material impact on our financialposition and results of operations. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonableunder the circumstances. However, because these estimates inherently involve judgments and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that actual results will notdiffer materially from those estimates.The Company has identified the accounting policies below as the policies most critical to its business operations and the understanding of our results ofoperations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. Our critical accounting policies are asfollows:•Revenue recognition•Inventory valuation•Share-based compensation expense•Business combinations and valuation of goodwill and other acquired intangibleassets•Accounting for impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangibleassets•Income taxesRevenue RecognitionOn August 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofAugust 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under Topic 605.The Company recognizes revenue from its contracts with customers primarily from the sale of supply chain management services and marketing solutionsofferings. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration theCompany expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For ModusLink's supply chain management services arrangements and IWCO'smarketing solutions offerings, the goods and services are considered to be transferred over time as they are performed. Taxes assessed by a governmental authoritythat are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded fromrevenue.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Under the new standard, the majority of thesearrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. a warehousing and inventory management service and a separate kitting, packaging andassembly service), each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended. A significantportion of ModusLink's revenue from26Table of Contentsthese arrangements continues to be recognized over time as the services are performed based on an input method of efforts expended which corresponds with thetransfer of value to the customer. For the limited population of contracts where the Company previously recognized revenues upon completion of all services andhistorically recognized revenue at a point in time (generally upon product shipment), the new standard accelerates the recognition of revenue as the Company'sperformance enhances assets that the customer controls and therefore revenue is recognized over time based on an input method of efforts expended whichcorresponds with the transfer of value to the customer.Revenue from the sale of perpetual licenses sold in ModusLink's e-Business operations is now recognized at a point in time upon execution of the relevantlicense agreement and when delivery has taken place.Revenue recognized related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions offerings, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation,is now recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.In accordance with Topic 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognizedreflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, and excludes any sales incentives or taxescollected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.Supply chain management services.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under thesearrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its serviceto them. The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. warehousing/inventory management service and aseparate kitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an inputmethod based on the level of efforts expended.Marketing solutions offerings.IWCO's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products tocustomers. Revenue related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performanceobligation, is recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.Other.Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professionalservices. Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of theagreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.Significant JudgmentsThe Company's contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whetherproducts and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may requiresignificant judgment. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligationbased on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performanceobligation. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers and uses a range of amounts toestimate standalone selling prices when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount thatneeds to be allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices of the various products and services. The Company typically has more thanone range of standalone selling prices for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers andcircumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the type of customer and geographic region in determining the rangeof standalone selling prices.The Company may provide credits or incentives to customers, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transactionprice of the contract and amounts of revenue to recognize. The amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price is estimated atcontract inception using27Table of Contentseither the estimated value method or the most likely amount method based on the nature of the variable consideration. These estimates are updatedat the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available and revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable thata significant reversal of any amounts of variable consideration included in the transaction price will not occur.Contract BalancesTiming of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to itscontracts with customers as follows:•Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solelybased on the passage of time.•Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction ofanother performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees related to marketing solutions offerings and supply chainmanagement services. The Company notes that its contract assets are all short-term in nature and are included in prepaid expenses and othercurrent assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.•Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees relatedto supply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which aregenerally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when wetransfer control of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-termliabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.Inventory ValuationWe value the inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by both moving averages and the first-in, first-out methods. Wecontinuously monitor inventory balances and record inventory provisions for any excess of the cost of the inventory over its estimated net realizable value. We alsomonitor inventory balances for obsolescence and excess quantities as compared to projected demands. Our inventory methodology is based on assumptions aboutaverage shelf life of inventory, forecasted volumes, forecasted selling prices, contractual provisions with our clients, write-down history of inventory and marketconditions. While such assumptions may change from period to period, in determining the net realizable value of our inventories, we use the best informationavailable as of the balance sheet date. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, or we experience a higher incidence of inventoryobsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and client requirements, additional inventory provisions may be required. Once established, write-downs ofinventory are considered permanent adjustments to the cost basis of inventory and cannot be reversed due to subsequent increases in demand forecasts.IWCO's inventory consists primarily of raw material (paper) used to produce direct mail packages and work-in-process, finished goods are generally not asignificant element of the inventory as they are generally mailed after the production and sorting process. With the acquisition of IWCO, the Company recorded afair value "step-up" to work-in-process inventory of $7.2 million which was recognized as a non-cash charge to cost of revenues during the fiscal year 2018.Share-Based Compensation ExpenseThe Company recognizes share-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, "Compensation— Stock Compensation" ("ASCTopic 718") which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directorsincluding employee stock options and employee stock purchases based on estimated fair values.ASC Topic 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The valueof the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's Consolidated Statementsof Operations. In accordance with ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to true up for forfeitures as they occur.The Company uses a binomial-lattice option-pricing model ("binomial-lattice model") for valuation of share-based awards with time-based vesting. TheCompany believes that the binomial-lattice model is an accurate model for valuing28Table of Contentsemployee stock options since it reflects the impact of stock price changes on option exercise behavior. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensationexpense is recognized over the expected performance achievement period of individual performance milestones when the achievement of each individualperformance milestone becomes probable. For share-based awards based on market conditions, specifically, the Company's stock price, the compensation cost andderived service periods are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. The Company uses third party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions usedin its binomial-lattice model and Monte Carlo valuations and the resulting fair value used to record compensation expense. The Company's determination of fairvalue of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company's stock price as well as assumptions regardinga number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to the Company's expected stock price volatility over the term ofthe awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Any significant changes in these assumptions may materially affect the estimatedfair value of the share-based award.Business Combinations and Valuation of Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible AssetsWe allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on theirestimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuingcertain intangible assets may include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, acquired technology and tradenames, useful lives, and discount rates.Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result,actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments tothe assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustmentsare recorded to earnings.Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsThe Company follows ASC Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" ("ASC Topic 360"). Under ASC Topic 360, the Company tests certain long-livedassets or group of assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company may not be able to recover the asset's carryingamount. ASC Topic 360 defines impairment as the condition that exists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or group, including property and equipmentand other intangible assets, exceeds its fair value. The Company evaluates recoverability by determining whether the undiscounted cash flows expected to resultfrom the use and eventual disposition of that asset or group cover the carrying value at the evaluation date. If the undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient tocover the carrying value, the Company measures an impairment loss as the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or group over its fair value.Management may use third party valuation experts to assist in its determination of fair value. As of July 31, 2019, $12.1 million of the Company's long-lived assetsrelated to the Supply Chain segment, consisting primarily of property, equipment and software. As of July 31, 2019, $505.4 million of the Company's long-livedassets related to Direct Marketing segment, consisting primarily of equipment, goodwill and intangible assets.Goodwill, which is not amortized, represents the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a businesscombination. We review goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, and test for impairment during the year if an event occurs or circumstances changethat would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. An entity can choose between using the Step 0 approach or the Step 1 approach.For the Step 0 approach, an entity may assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is lessthan its carrying amount. An entity has an unconditional option to bypass the Step 0 assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly toperforming the first step of the goodwill impairment test. An entity may resume performing the Step 0 assessment in any subsequent period.For the Step 1 approach, which is a quantitative approach, the Company will calculate the fair value of a reporting unit and compare it to its carryingamount. There are several methods that may be used to estimate a reporting unit's fair value, including the income approach, the market approach and/or the costapproach. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, there is no indication of impairment and further testing is not required. If the carryingamount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then a second step of testing is required. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the impliedfair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill.Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the recoverability of our intangible assets for possibleimpairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed at the lowestlevel for which identifiable cash flows are largely29Table of Contentsindependent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets is not recoverable, the carryingamount of such assets is reduced to fair value.Income TaxesIncome taxes are accounted for under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, "Income Taxes" using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assetsand liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existingassets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which thosetemporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in theperiod that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets must be reduced by a valuation allowance, if based on the weight of available evidence, it is morelikely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. This methodology is subjective and requiressignificant estimates and judgments in the determination of the recoverability of deferred tax assets and in the calculation of certain tax liabilities. At July 31, 2019and 2018, a valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset in the U.S. and certain of its foreign subsidiaries since management believes thatafter considering all the available objective evidence, both positive and negative, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, it ismore likely than not that these assets will not be realized. In each reporting period, we evaluate the adequacy of our valuation allowance on our deferred taxassets. In the future, if the Company is able to demonstrate a consistent trend of pre-tax income, then at that time management may reduce its valuation allowanceaccordingly. The Company's federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards at July 31, 2019 totaled approximately $2.1 billion, $160.0 million and$72.6 million, respectively. A 5% reduction in the Company's current valuation allowance on these federal and state net operating loss carryforwards would resultin an income tax benefit of approximately $23.4 million.In addition, the calculation of the Company's tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in several taxjurisdictions. The Company is periodically reviewed by domestic and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These reviews include questionsregarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In evaluating the exposure associated with variousfiling positions, we record estimated reserves for exposures. Based on our evaluation of current tax positions, the Company believes it has appropriately accrued forexposures as of July 31, 2019.Recent Accounting PronouncementsFor a discussion of the Company's new or recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to theconsolidated financial statements found elsewhere in this Form 10-K.Tax Benefits Preservation PlanOn January 19, 2018, our Board adopted a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent. The TaxPlan is designed to preserve the Company's ability to utilize its Tax Benefits and is similar to plans adopted by other public companies with significant TaxBenefits. The Board asked the Company's stockholders to approve, and the stockholders did so approve, the Tax Plan at its 2017 Annual Meeting.The Company's ability to use its Tax Benefits would be substantially limited if the Company undergoes an "ownership change" (within the meaning ofSection 382 of the Internal Revenue Code). The Tax Plan is intended to prevent an "ownership change" of the Company that would impair the Company's ability toutilize its Tax Benefits.As part of the Tax Plan, the Board declared a dividend of one Right for each share of common stock then outstanding. The dividend was payable to holdersof record as of the close of business on January 29, 2018. Any shares of common stock issued after January 29, 2018, will be issued together with the Rights. EachRight initially represents the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of newly created Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock.Initially, the Rights will be attached to all certificates representing shares of common stock then outstanding and no separate rights certificates will bedistributed. In the case of book entry shares, the Rights are evidenced by notations in the book entry accounts. Subject to certain exceptions specified in the TaxPlan, the Rights will separate from the common stock and a Distribution Date will occur upon the earlier of (i) ten (10) business days following a publicannouncement that a stockholder (or group) has become a beneficial owner of 4.99-percent or more of the shares of common stock then outstanding and (ii) ten(10) business days (or such later date as the Board determines) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer that would result in a person orgroup becoming a 4.99-percent stockholder.30Table of ContentsPursuant to the Tax Plan and subject to certain exceptions, if a stockholder (or group) becomes a 4.99-percent stockholder after adoption of the Tax Plan, theRights would generally become exercisable and entitle stockholders (other than the new 4.99-percent stockholder or group) to purchase additional shares of SteelConnect at a significant discount, resulting in substantial dilution in the economic interest and voting power of the new 4.99-percent stockholder (or group). Inaddition, under certain circumstances in which Steel Connect is acquired in a merger or other business combination after an non-exempt stockholder (or group)becomes a new 4.99-percent stockholder, each holder of the Right (other than the new 4.99-percent stockholder or group) would then be entitled to purchase sharesof the acquiring company's common stock at a discount.The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire at the earliest of (i) 11:59 p.m., on January 18, 2021; (ii) the time at which theRights are redeemed or exchanged as provided in the Tax Plan; and (iii) the time at which the Board determines that the Tax Plan is no longer necessary ordesirable for the preservation of Tax Benefits.Protective AmendmentOn March 6, 2018, the Board, subject to approval by the Company's stockholders, approved an amendment to the Company's Restated Certificate ofIncorporation designed to protect the tax benefits of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards by preventing certain transfers of our securities that couldresult in an "ownership change" (as defined under Section 382 of the Code). The Protective Amendment was approved and adopted by the Company's stockholdersat the 2017 Annual Meeting and was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 12, 2018.ITEM 7A.— QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKConsistent with the rules applicable to "Smaller Reporting Companies" we have omitted information required by this Item.31Table of ContentsITEM 8.— FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PageReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm33Consolidated Balance Sheets at July 31, 2019 and 201834Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended July 31, 2019 and 201835Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended July 31, 2019 and 201836Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended July 31, 2019 and 201837Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended July 31, 2019 and 201838Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements3932Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmShareholders and Board of DirectorsSteel Connect, Inc.Waltham, MassachusettsOpinion on the Consolidated Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Steel Connect, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the relatedconsolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended July 31,2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly,in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at July 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the twoyears in the period ended July 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internalcontrol over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee ofSponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") and our report dated October 15, 2019 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThese consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company'sconsolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respectto the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and thePCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, andperforming procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in theconsolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well asevaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ BDO USA, LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2014.Boston, MassachusettsOctober 15, 201933Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS(in thousands, except share and per share data) July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents$32,548 $92,138Accounts receivable, trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,804 and $480 at July 31, 2019 and July 31,2018, respectively112,141 99,254Inventories, net23,674 47,786Funds held for clients13,516 11,688Prepaid expenses and other current assets31,445 13,415Total current assets213,324 264,281Property and equipment, net91,268 106,632Goodwill257,128 254,352Other intangible assets, net162,518 192,964Other assets7,325 8,821Total assets$731,563 $827,050LIABILITIES, CONTINGENTLY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Accounts payable$85,898 $78,212Accrued expenses112,658 88,426Funds held for clients13,516 11,688Current portion of long-term debt5,732 5,727Other current liabilities39,046 42,029Convertible Notes payable— 50,274Total current liabilities256,850 276,356Convertible Notes payable7,432 14,256Long-term debt, excluding current portion368,505 383,111Other long-term liabilities10,898 10,507Total long-term liabilities386,835 407,874Total liabilities643,685 684,230Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) Contingently redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 35,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding atJuly 31, 2019 and 201835,186 35,192Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 4,965,000 shares authorized at July 31, 2019 and July 31, 2018; zeroshares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2019 and July 31, 2018— —Common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Authorized 1,400,000,000 shares; 61,805,856 issued and outstandingshares at July 31, 2019; 60,742,859 issued and outstanding shares at July 31, 2018618 608Additional paid-in capital7,477,327 7,467,855Accumulated deficit(7,426,287) (7,363,569)Accumulated other comprehensive income1,034 2,734Total stockholders' equity52,692 107,628Total liabilities, contingently redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity$731,563 $827,050The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.34Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(in thousands, except per share amounts) Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018Net revenue: Services$332,928 $345,900Products486,902 299,358Total net revenue819,830 645,258Cost of revenue670,100 543,999Gross profit149,730 101,259Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative144,078 101,972Amortization of intangible assets30,446 20,285(Gain) loss on sale of property485 (12,692)Total operating expenses175,009 109,565Operating loss(25,279) (8,306)Other income (expense): Interest income528 679Interest expense(41,951) (29,884)Other gains, net4,603 2,223Total other expense(36,820) (26,982)Loss before income taxes(62,099) (35,288)Income tax expense (benefit)4,670 (71,202)Gains on investments in affiliates, net of tax(42) (801)Net income (loss)(66,727) 36,715Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable preferred stock(2,129) (1,335)Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$(68,856) $35,380 Basic net earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:$(1.13) $0.60Diluted net earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:$(1.13) $0.53Weighted average common shares used in: Basic earnings (loss) per share61,180 59,179Diluted earnings (loss) per share61,180 81,899The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.35Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)(in thousands) Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018Net income (loss)$(66,727) $36,715Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation adjustment(1,331) (1,174)Net unrealized holding gain (loss) securities, net of tax(85) 14Pension liability adjustments, net of tax(284) (419)Other comprehensive loss(1,700) (1,579)Comprehensive income (loss)$(68,427) $35,136The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.36Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY(in thousands, except share amounts) Number ofCommonShares CommonStock AdditionalPaid-inCapital AccumulatedDeficit AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome TotalStockholders'EquityBalance at July 31, 201755,555,973 $556 $7,457,051 $(7,398,949) $4,313 $62,971Net income— — — 36,715 — 36,715Preferred dividends— — — (1,335) — (1,335)Issuance of common stock pursuant toemployee stock purchase plan and stockoption exercises10,462 — 8 — — 8Restricted stock grants5,225,806 52 (5) — — 47Restricted stock forfeitures(49,382) — — — — —Share-based compensation— — 10,801 — — 10,801Other comprehensive items— — — — (1,579) (1,579)Balance at July 31, 201860,742,859 $608 $7,467,855 $(7,363,569) $2,734 $107,628Net loss— — — (66,727) — (66,727)Effect of adoption of accounting standards— — — 6,138 — 6,138Equity portion of convertible note— — 8,200 — — 8,200Preferred dividends— — — (2,129) — (2,129)Issuance of common stock pursuant toemployee stock purchase plan and stockoption exercises17,454 — 15 — — 15Restricted stock grants1,045,543 10 (10) — — —Share-based compensation— — 1,267 — — 1,267Other comprehensive items— — — — (1,700) (1,700)Balance at July 31, 201961,805,856 $618 $7,477,327 $(7,426,287) $1,034 $52,692The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.37Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(in thousands) Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss)$(66,727) $36,715Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation22,058 16,791Amortization of intangible assets30,446 20,285Amortization of deferred financing costs771 1,072Accretion of debt discount3,433 4,384Impairment of long-lived assets3,015 (91)Share-based compensation1,267 10,801Other gains, net(4,603) (15,266)Gains on investments in affiliates(42) (801)Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquired: Accounts receivable, net(14,090) 29,735Inventories, net2,482 19,971Prepaid expenses and other current assets5,519 4,797Accounts payable and accrued expenses36,486 (39,945)Refundable and accrued income taxes, net(3,045) 6,524Deferred tax assets and liabilities1,563 (78,794)Other assets and liabilities2,316 (6,176)Net cash provided by operating activities20,849 10,002Cash flows from investing activities: Payments to acquire business— (469,221)Additions to property and equipment(14,539) (18,423)Proceeds from the disposition of property and equipment19 20,748Proceeds from the sale of Trading Securities— 13,775Proceeds from investments in affiliates42 801Net cash used in investing activities(14,478) (452,320)Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long-term debt— 393,000Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock— 35,000Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Note14,940 —Proceeds from revolving line of credit, net6,000 —Payments on maturity of Convertible Notes(63,925) —Payment of long-term debt(14,879) (3,000)Payment of deferred financing costs— (1,334)Payment of preferred dividends(2,129) (1,143)Purchase of the Company's Convertible Notes(3,700) —Repayments on capital lease obligations(134) (652)Proceeds from issuance of common stock15 8Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(63,812) 421,879Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(321) 141Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(57,762) (20,298)Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period103,826 124,124Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$46,064 $103,826The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.38Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIESNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(1)NATURE OF OPERATIONSSteel Connect, Inc. (the "Company") together with its consolidated subsidiaries, operates through its wholly owned subsidiaries, ModusLink Corporationand ModusLink PTS, Inc. (together "ModusLink" or "Supply Chain"), and IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. ("IWCO Direct" or "IWCO"). The Company was formerlyknown as ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. until it changed its name to Steel Connect, Inc. effective February 27, 2018.ModusLink is a supply chain business process management company serving clients in markets such as consumer electronics, communications, computing,medical devices, software, and retail. ModusLink designs and executes elements in its clients' global supply chains to improve speed to market, productcustomization, flexibility, cost, quality and service. The Company also produces and licenses an entitlement management solution for activation, provisioning,entitlement subscription and data collection from physical goods (connected products) and digital products.IWCO Direct delivers data-driven marketing solutions for its customers. Its full range of services includes strategy, creative and execution for omnichannelmarketing campaigns, along with postal logistics programs for direct mail. Through its Mail-Gard® division, IWCO Direct also offers business continuity anddisaster recovery services to protect against unexpected business interruptions, along with providing print and mail outsourcing services.Historically, the Company has financed its operations and met its capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of oursecurities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of facilities that were not fully utilized. The Company believes it has access to adequate resources to meetits needs for normal operating costs, capital expenditures, mandatory debt redemptions and working capital for its existing business for at least twelve months fromthe date of this filing. These resources include cash and cash equivalents, the Credit Agreement, as defined in Note 7, the securitization of trade receivables notcurrently in the Credit Agreement and the revolving credit facility and cash, if any, provided by operating activities. The Company’s estimate as to how long itexpects its existing cash to be able to continue to fund its operations is based on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate, and it could require capital resourcessooner than currently expected, which the Company believes it will have access to.At July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and Trading Securities of $32.5 million and $92.1 million, respectively. As July 31,2019, the Company had a deficiency in working capital which was primarily driven by the Company's $6.0 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility,accrued pricing liabilities which the Company believes will not require a cash outlay in the next twelve months and the additional liabilities assumed because ofthe acquisition of IWCO Direct during December 2017 (the "IWCO Acquisition"). At July 31, 2019, the Company had a readily available borrowing capacityunder its PNC Bank Credit Facility of $13.8 million. The term of the PNC Bank Credit Facility expires on December 31, 2019. At July 31, 2019, IWCO had areadily available borrowing capacity under its revolving facility of $19.0 million. The Company believes it will generate sufficient cash to meet its debt covenantsunder its credit facilities to which certain of its subsidiaries are a party and that it will be able to obtain cash through its current credit facilities, throughsecuritization of certain trade receivables and a new facility, if needed. The Company's 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes matured on March 1, 2019, with a balancedue of $65.6 million, including interest to the March 1, 2019 maturity date. Included in the balance due were notes held by SPH Group Holdings LLC ("SPHGHoldings") in the principal amount of $14.9 million. The total $65.6 million balance due was paid in full by the Company from available cash on-hand, includingthe $14.9 million from the proceeds of the 7.50% Convertible Senior Note entered into on February 28, 2019.(2)SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESThe accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies described below.Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the results of its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. Allsignificant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company accounts for investments in businesses in which it ownsbetween 20% and 50% of the voting interest using the equity method, if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee company.All other investments in privately held businesses over which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, or for which there is not areadily determinable market value, are accounted for under the cost method of accounting.39Table of ContentsUse of EstimatesThe preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requiresmanagement to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at thedate of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates itsestimates including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventories, fair value of its trading and available-for-sale securities,intangible assets, income taxes, valuation of long-lived assets, impairments, contingencies, restructuring charges, litigation, pension obligations and the fair valueof stock options and share bonus awards granted under the Company's stock based compensation plans. Accounting estimates are based on historical experienceand various assumptions that are considered reasonable under the circumstances. However, because these estimates inherently involve judgments anduncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those estimated.Revenue RecognitionOn August 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofAugust 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under Topic 605.The Company recognizes revenue from its contracts with customers primarily from the sale of supply chain management services and marketing solutionsofferings. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration theCompany expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For ModusLink's supply chain management services arrangements and IWCO'smarketing solutions offerings, the goods and services are considered to be transferred over time as they are performed. Taxes assessed by a governmental authoritythat are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded fromrevenue.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Under the new standard, the majority of thesearrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. a warehousing and inventory management service and a separate kitting, packaging andassembly service), each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended. A significantportion of ModusLink's revenue from these arrangements continues to be recognized over time as the services are performed based on an input method of effortsexpended which corresponds with the transfer of value to the customer. For the limited population of contracts where the Company previously recognized revenuesupon completion of all services and historically recognized revenue at a point in time (generally upon product shipment), the new standard accelerates therecognition of revenue as the Company's performance enhances assets that the customer controls and therefore revenue is recognized over time based on an inputmethod of efforts expended which corresponds with the transfer of value to the customer.Revenue from the sale of perpetual licenses sold in ModusLink's e-Business operations is now recognized at a point in time upon execution of the relevantlicense agreement and when delivery has taken place.Revenue recognized related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions offerings, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation,is now recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.In accordance with Topic 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognizedreflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, and excludes any sales incentives or taxescollected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.Supply chain management services.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under thesearrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its serviceto them. The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. warehousing/inventory management service and aseparate kitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an inputmethod based on the level of efforts expended.40Table of ContentsMarketing solutions offerings.IWCO's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products tocustomers. Revenue related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performanceobligation, is recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.Other.Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professionalservices. Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of theagreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.Significant JudgmentsThe Company's contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whetherproducts and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may requiresignificant judgment. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligationbased on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performanceobligation. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers and uses a range of amounts toestimate standalone selling prices when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discount thatneeds to be allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices of the various products and services. The Company typically has more thanone range of standalone selling prices for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers andcircumstances. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the type of customer and geographic region in determining the rangeof standalone selling prices.The Company may provide credits or incentives to customers, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transactionprice of the contract and amounts of revenue to recognize. The amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price is estimated atcontract inception using either the estimated value method or the most likely amount method based on the nature of the variable consideration.These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available and revenue is recognized only to theextent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any amounts of variable consideration included in the transaction price will not occur.Contract BalancesTiming of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to itscontracts with customers as follows:•Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solelybased on the passage of time.•Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction ofanother performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees related to marketing solutions offerings and supply chainmanagement services. The Company notes that its contract assets are all short-term in nature and are included in prepaid expenses and othercurrent assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.•Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees relatedto supply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which aregenerally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when wetransfer control of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-termliabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts41Table of ContentsThe Company's unsecured accounts receivable are stated at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a monthlyreview of all outstanding amounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables andconsidering each customer's financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. The Company writes off accounts receivable when managementdeems them uncollectible and records recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off when received. When accounts receivable are considered past due,the Company generally does not charge interest on past due balances.The allowance for doubtful accounts consisted of the following: July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Balance at beginning of year$480 $616Provisions charged to expense1,418 211Accounts written off(94) (347) $1,804 $480Foreign Currency TranslationAll assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the local currency, are translated to U.S. dollars at the rates ineffect at the balance sheet date. All amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are translated using the average exchange rates in effect during the year.Resulting translation adjustments are reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) component of stockholders' equity. Settlement of receivablesand payables in a foreign currency that is not the functional currency result in foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Foreign currency transaction gainsand losses are included in "Other gains (losses), net" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term InvestmentsThe Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.Investments with maturities greater than three months to twelve months at the time of purchase are considered short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalentsconsisted of the following: July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Cash and bank deposits$32,183 $44,952Money market funds365 47,186 $32,548 $92,138Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, current liabilities and the revolving line of credit approximate fairvalue because of the short maturity of these instruments. We believe that the carrying value of our long-term debt approximates fair value because the statedinterest rates of this debt is consistent with current market rates. The carrying value of capital lease obligations approximates fair value, as estimated by usingdiscounted future cash flows based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The fair values of theCompany's Trading Securities was estimated using quoted market prices. The defined benefit plans have assets invested in insurance contracts and bank managed portfolios. Conservation of capital with some conservative growthpotential is the strategy for the plans. The Company's pension plans are outside the United States, where asset allocation decisions are typically made by anindependent board of trustees. Investment objectives are aligned to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The Company acts ina consulting and governance role in reviewing investment strategy and providing a recommended list of investment managers for each plan, with final decisions onasset allocation and investment manager made by local trustees.ASC Topic 820 provides that fair value is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in anorderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or42Table of Contentsliability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an assetor liability. ASC Topic 820 requires the Company to use valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize theuse of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:Level 1:Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in activemarketsLevel 2:Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroboratedinputsLevel 3:Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions about howmarket participants would price the assets or liabilitiesFunds Held for ClientsFunds held for clients represent assets that are restricted for use solely for the purposes of satisfying the obligations to remit client's customer funds to theCompany's clients. These funds are classified as a current asset and a corresponding current liability on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.InventoryWe value the inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by both moving averages and the first-in, first-out methods. Wecontinuously monitor inventory balances and record inventory provisions for any excess of the cost of the inventory over its estimated net realizable value. We alsomonitor inventory balances for obsolescence and excess quantities as compared to projected demands. Our inventory methodology is based on assumptions aboutaverage shelf life of inventory, forecasted volumes, forecasted selling prices, contractual provisions with our clients, write-down history of inventory and marketconditions. While such assumptions may change from period to period, in determining the net realizable value of our inventories, we use the best informationavailable as of the balance sheet date. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, or we experience a higher incidence of inventoryobsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and client requirements, additional inventory provisions may be required. Once established, write-downs ofinventory are considered permanent adjustments to the cost basis of inventory and cannot be reversed due to subsequent increases in demand forecasts.IWCO's inventory consists primarily of raw material (paper) used to produce direct mail packages and work-in-process, finished goods are generally not asignificant element of the inventory as they are generally mailed after the production and sorting process. With the acquisition of IWCO, the Company recorded afair value "step-up" to work-in-process inventory of $7.2 million which was recognized as a non-cash charge to cost of revenues during the fiscal year 2018.Inventories consisted of the following: July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Raw materials$21,322 $23,208Work-in-process587 16,147Finished goods1,765 8,431 $23,674 $47,786Business Combinations and Valuation of Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible AssetsWe allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on theirestimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuingcertain intangible assets may include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, acquired technology and tradenames, useful lives, and discount rates.Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result,actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments tothe assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustmentsare recorded to earnings.43Table of ContentsAccounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Intangible AssetsThe Company follows ASC Topic 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" ("ASC Topic 360"). Under ASC Topic 360, the Company tests certain long-livedassets or group of assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company may not be able to recover the asset's carryingamount. ASC Topic 360 defines impairment as the condition that exists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or group, including property and equipmentand other intangible assets, exceeds its fair value. The Company evaluates recoverability by determining whether the undiscounted cash flows expected to resultfrom the use and eventual disposition of that asset or group cover the carrying value at the evaluation date. If the undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient tocover the carrying value, the Company measures an impairment loss as the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or group over its fair value.Management may use third party valuation experts to assist in its determination of fair value.The Company is required to test goodwill for impairment annually or if a triggering event occurs in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350,"Goodwill and Other." The Company's policy is to perform its annual impairment testing for its business units during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the recoverability of our intangible assets for possibleimpairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed at the lowestlevel for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of property and equipmentand intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value.Property and EquipmentProperty, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The costs of additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged toexpense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization is provided on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The Companycapitalizes certain computer software development costs when incurred in connection with developing or obtaining computer software for internal use. Theestimated useful lives are as follows:Buildings32 yearsMachinery & equipment3 to 7 yearsFurniture & fixtures5 to 7 yearsAutomobiles5 yearsSoftware3 to 8 yearsLeasehold improvementsShorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the assetIncome TaxesIncome taxes are accounted for under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC Topic 740") using the asset and liability method wherebydeferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carryingamounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the yearin which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognizedin income in the period that includes the enactment date. ASC Topic 740 also requires that the deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance, if based onthe weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. Thismethodology is subjective and requires significant estimates and judgments in the determination of the recoverability of deferred tax assets and in the calculation ofcertain tax liabilities.In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company applies the criteria that an individual tax position must satisfy for some or all of the benefits of thatposition to be recognized in a company's financial statements. ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not, and a measurementattribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements. Inaccordance with the Company's accounting policy, interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is included in the "income tax expense" line of theConsolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 13, "Income Taxes," for additional information.44Table of ContentsEarnings (Loss) Per ShareThe following table reconciles earnings (loss) per share for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018. Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands, except per share data)Net income (loss)$(66,727) $36,715Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable preferred stock(2,129) (1,335)Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders(68,856) 35,380Effect of dilutive securities: 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes— 7,079Redeemable preferred stock— 1,335Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders after assumed conversions$(68,856) $43,794Weighted average common shares outstanding61,180 59,179Weighted average common equivalent shares arising from dilutive stock options, restricted stock,convertible notes and convertible preferred stock— 22,720Weighted average number of common and potential common shares61,180 81,899Basic net earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:$(1.13) $0.60Diluted net earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:$(1.13) $0.53Approximately 20.9 million and 0.5 million common stock equivalent shares relating to the effects of outstanding stock options and restricted stock wereexcluded from the denominator in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The common stockequivalent shares excluded during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 and 2018 were primarily excluded as their effect would be anti-dilutive. The common stockequivalent shares excluded during the year ended July 31, 2018 were primarily excluded as the options were out-of-the-money. Approximately 2.6 millioncommon shares outstanding associated with the Convertible Note, using the if-converted method, were excluded from the denominator in the calculation of dilutedearnings (loss) per share for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019. Approximately 17.9 million common shares outstanding associated with the Contingentlyredeemable preferred stock, using the if-converted method, were excluded from the denominator in the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the fiscalyear ended July 31, 2019.Share-Based Compensation PlansThe Company recognizes share-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, "Compensation— Stock Compensation" ("ASCTopic 718") which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directorsincluding employee stock options and employee stock purchases based on estimated fair values.The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of theaward that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods. In accordance with ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected totrue up for forfeitures as they occur.The Company uses a binomial-lattice option-pricing model ("binomial-lattice model") for valuation of share-based awards with time-based vesting. TheCompany believes that the binomial-lattice model is an accurate model for valuing employee stock options since it reflects the impact of stock price changes onoption exercise behavior. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the expected performance achievement period ofindividual performance milestones when the achievement of each individual performance milestone becomes probable. For share-based awards based on marketconditions, specifically, the Company's stock price, the compensation cost and derived service periods are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. TheCompany uses third party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in its binomial-lattice model and Monte Carlo valuations and the resulting fairvalue used to record compensation expense. The Company's determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricingmodel is affected by the Company's stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, butare not limited to the Company's expected stock price volatility over the45Table of Contentsterm of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Any significant changes in these assumptions may materially affect theestimated fair value of the share-based award.Major Clients and Concentration of Credit RiskFor the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company's 10 largest clients accounted for approximately 49% and 44% of consolidated net revenue,respectively. One client, associated with the Supply Chain segment, accounted for 11% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year endedJuly 31, 2019. No other clients accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. No clientsaccounted for greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018. A computing market client accounted forapproximately 13% of the Company's Net Accounts Receivable balance as of July 31, 2019. No other clients accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's NetAccounts Receivable balance as of July 31, 2019. No clients accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's Net Accounts Receivable balance as of July 31,2018. To manage risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its clients' financial condition. The Company generally does not require collateral onaccounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable.Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. TheCompany's cash equivalent portfolio is diversified and consists primarily of short-term investment grade securities placed with high credit quality financialinstitutions. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at accredited financial institutions, and the balances associated with Funds Held for Clients are at timeswithout and in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances and does not believe that it is subject tounusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with financial institutions.Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contractswith Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. This ASU is based on the principle thatrevenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitledin exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flowsarising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract.On August 1, 2018, the Company adopted this guidance and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed asof the date of adoption. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, the Company reflected the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifyingperformance obligations and allocating transaction price in accordance with practical expedient ASC 606-10-65-1-(f)-4, which did not have a material effect on theCompany's assessment of the cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard asan adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accountingstandards in effect for those periods.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning afterDecember 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for all entities. The Company will adopt the provisions ofthis guidance on August 1, 2019. The new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability,measured on a discounted basis, on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, withclassification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations.In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which clarified various aspects of the guidance under ASU2016-02. Originally, entities were required to adopt ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective approach, which required prior periods to be presented under thisnew standard with certain practical expedients available. However, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,which now allows entities the option of recognizing the cumulative effect of applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retainedearnings in the year of adoption while continuing to present all prior periods under previous lease accounting guidance.The Company will elect to utilize the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows theCompany to carryforward the historical lease classification. The Company will make an46Table of Contentsaccounting policy election that will keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and will result inrecognizing those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.The Company expects adoption of the new standard will result in the recording of additional net lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $53.7million and $55.3 million, respectively, as of August 1, 2019. Adoption of the standard will not materially impact the Company's Consolidated Statements ofOperations or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.In January 2017 the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment. Therevised guidance eliminates Step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwillimpairment. A goodwill impairment loss will instead be measured at the amount by which a reporting unit's carry amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed thecarrying amount of goodwill. The Company has elected to early adopt this standard as of July 31, 2019. Its adoption did not have an impact on the Company'sconsolidated financial statements.In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), which requires that the service cost component ofnet periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost be presented in the same line item as other employee compensation costs, while the other components bepresented separately as non-operating income (expense). This ASU became effective beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The adoption of theguidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This standard provides anoption to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings due to the U.S. federal corporate income taxrate change in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This standard was effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We didnot exercise the option to make this reclassification.In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash. When cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents arepresented in more than one line item on the balance sheet, the new guidance requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the relatedcaptions in the balance sheet. Entities will also have to disclose the nature of their restricted cash and restricted cash equivalent balances, which is similar to what isrequired today for SEC Registrants. This ASU was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company's ConsolidatedStatements of Cash Flows reflect its adoption.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based PaymentAccounting. This new standard was created to simplify the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees. This standard provides guidance on how toaccount for share-based payment transactions with nonemployees in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in the grantor's ownoperations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments in ASU 2018-07 are effective for the Company's 2020 fiscal year. The Company is currentlyevaluating the potential impact of this new guidance.In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements forFair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The amendments in ASU 2018- 13 are effective for theCompany's 2021 fiscal year, except that the standard permits an entity to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 anddelay adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. Because ASU 2018-13 affects disclosure only, the Company does not expect that the fulladoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): DisclosureFramework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. ASU 2018-14 modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsordefined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 are effective for the Company's 2022 fiscal year. Because ASU 2018-14affects disclosure only, the Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financialstatements.In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting forImplementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) to align therequirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizingimplementation costs incurred47Table of Contentsto develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The amendments in ASU 2018-15 are effectivefor the Company's 2021 fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this new guidance.(3)PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENTProperty and equipment at cost, consists of the following: July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Land$942 $942Machinery and equipment99,961 97,149Leasehold improvements23,711 21,917Software52,961 52,082Other24,230 28,147 201,805 200,237Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(110,537) (93,605)Property and equipment, net$91,268 $106,632An immaterial amount of assets are under capital leases are included in the amounts above.During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company determined that the fair value of a long-lived asset group in the Supply Chain segment, derivedfrom forecasted cash flows, did not exceed its carrying value. As such, the Company recorded an impairment of long-lived assets of $3.0 million as a componentof cost of revenues.The Company recorded depreciation expense of $22.1 million and $16.8 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.Depreciation expense within the Supply Chain and Direct Marketing segments was $5.6 million, and $16.4 million, respectively, for the year ended July 31, 2019.Depreciation expense within the Supply Chain and Direct Marketing segments was $6.8 million and $10.0 million, respectively, for the year ended July 31, 2018.Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in the depreciation expense amounts.During the twelve months ended July 31, 2018, the Company received $20.7 million in proceeds associated with the sale of property and equipment. Duringthe twelve months ended July 31, 2018, the Company recognized $12.7 million in gains associated with the sale of property.(4)ACQUISITION OF IWCODIRECTOn December 15, 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") by and among the Company, MLGSMerger Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation and newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("MLGS"), IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. a Delawarecorporation, CSC Shareholder Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (solely in its capacity as representative), and the stockholders of IWCO.Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, MLGS was merged with and into IWCO, with IWCO surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Companyacquired IWCO as a part of the Company's overall acquisition strategy to acquire profitable companies to utilize the Company's tax net operating losses.The Company acquired IWCO for total consideration of approximately $469.2 million, net of purchase price adjustments. The Company financed the IWCOAcquisition through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from a $393.0 million term loan made under the below described financing agreement withCerberus Business Finance, LLC, net of $2.5 million received from escrow for working capital claims. The transaction price included one-time transactionincentive awards of $3.5 million paid to executives upon closing that were related to pre-existing management arrangements and were included as an element ofthe purchase price. In connection with the acquisition, the Company paid transaction costs of $1.5 million at acquisition which was recorded as a component ofselling, general and administrative expense. Goodwill related to the acquisition of IWCO is not deductible for tax purposes.48Table of ContentsThe following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition: AsOriginallyReported Adjustments AsRevised (In thousands)Accounts receivable$47,841 $(433) $47,408Inventories27,165 5,829 32,994Other current assets7,427 3,197 10,624Property and equipment87,976 477 88,453Intangible assets210,920 2,330 213,250Goodwill259,085 (1,957) 257,128Other assets3,040 — 3,040Accounts payable(31,069) — (31,069)Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities(35,790) (30,368) (66,158)Customer deposits(7,829) — (7,829)Deferred income taxes(79,918) 2,755 (77,163)Other long-term liabilities(19,627) 18,170 (1,457)Total consideration$469,221 $— $469,221Acquired intangible assets include trademarks and tradenames valued at $20.5 million and customer relationships of $192.7 million. The fair value estimateof trademarks and tradenames was prepared utilizing a relief from royalties method of valuation, while the fair value estimate of customer relationships wasprepared using a multi-period excess earnings method of valuation. The trademarks and tradenames intangible asset will be amortized on a straight line basis over a3 years estimated useful life. The customer relationship intangible asset will be amortized on a double-declining basis over an estimated useful life of 15 years. Theacquired property and equipment consist mainly of machinery and equipment. The fair value of the acquired property and equipment was estimated using the costapproach to value, and applying industry standard normal useful lives and inflationary indices. The Company recognized $257.1 million of goodwill which aroseprimarily from the synergies in its business and the assembled workforce of IWCO. The consolidated statement of operations, for the fiscal year ended July 31,2018, includes net revenue of $299.4 million, operating income of $10.7 million, and a loss before income taxes of $11.4 million associated with IWCO.The following unaudited pro forma financial results are based on the Company's historical consolidated financial statements and IWCO's historicalconsolidated financial statements as adjusted to give effect to the Company's acquisition of IWCO and related transactions. The unaudited pro forma financialinformation for the twelve months ended July 31, 2018 give effect to these transactions as if they had occurred on August 1, 2016. The unaudited pro forma resultspresented do not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have resulted had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of August 1, 2017, nordo they indicate the results of operations in future periods. Additionally, the unaudited pro forma results do not include the impact of possible business modelchanges, nor do they consider any potential impacts of current market conditions or revenues, reduction of expenses, asset dispositions, or other factors. Theimpact of these items could alter the following pro forma results. The pro forma results were adjusted to reflect a fair value step-up to work-in-process inventory, aswell as incremental depreciation and amortization based on fair value adjustments for the acquired property and equipment, and intangible assets. A reduction tointerest expense is also reflected in the pro forma results to reflect the more favorable terms obtained with the new credit facility as compared to the interest rateunder the former facility carried by IWCO. The pro forma results also reflect the reversal of the income tax valuation allowance that resulted from the acquisitionin fiscal year 2017, rather than fiscal year 2018: Twelve MonthsEnded July 31, 2018Net revenue$824,825Net loss$(17,148)(5)GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLEASSETSThe Company's goodwill of $257.1 million as of July 31, 2019 relates to the Company's Direct Marketing reporting unit. For the fiscal year 2019, theCompany performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill. The assessment was based on a combination of income and market approaches to estimate the fairvalue of the reporting unit, which indicated that the fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by greater than 25.0%. Significant assumptions usedin the discounted49Table of Contentscash flow analysis included expected future earnings and cash flows, which are based on management's current expectations, as well as the related risk-adjusteddiscount rate used to estimate fair value. At July 31, 2019, the goodwill related to the Direct Marketing business unit, and associated intangible assets, are at risk offuture impairment if the fair value of this reporting unit, and its associated assets, decrease in value due to further declines in market conditions or customerdemand.Other intangible assets, net, as of July 31, 2019, include trademarks and tradenames with a gross balance of $20.5 million and carrying balance of $9.4million, and customer relationships with a gross balance of $192.7 million and carrying balance of $153.1 million. The trademarks and tradenames intangible assetare being amortized on a straight line basis over a 3 years estimated useful life. The customer relationship intangible asset are being amortized on a double-declining basis over an estimated useful life of 15 years. Intangible assets deemed to have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives, where theuseful life is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly, or indirectly, to its future cash flows. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairmenton an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. For amortizable intangible assets, impairment exists when the carrying amount of the intangibleasset exceeds its fair value. At least annually, the remaining useful life is evaluated. The estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of July 31,2019 is as follows (in thousands):2020$27,255202120,258202215,334202311,42720249,371Thereafter78,873 $162,518(6)ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIESThe following schedules reflect the components of "Accrued expenses" and "Other Current Liabilities": July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Accrued taxes$59,057 $29,804Accrued compensation22,584 25,603Accrued interest467 1,437Accrued audit, tax and legal3,148 3,264Accrued contract labor1,650 1,932Accrued worker's compensation4,549 6,126Accrued other21,203 20,260 $112,658 $88,426 July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Accrued pricing liabilities$14,309 $18,882Customer postage deposits11,816 12,638Revolving credit facility6,000 —Other6,921 10,509 $39,046 $42,029During the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company recorded adjustments totaling $32.1 million related to certain tax related liabilities, whichreflected the Company's revised estimate for such exposures. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had accrued pricing liabilities of approximately $14.3million and $18.9 million, respectively. During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company concluded that certain accrued pricing liabilities have beenextinguished. The amounts derecognized and recorded in other income were $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. As previously reported by theCompany, several principal adjustments were made to its historic financial statements for periods ending on or before January 31, 2012, the most significant ofwhich related to the treatment of vendor rebates in its pricing policies. Where the retention of a rebate or a mark-up was determined to have been inconsistent witha client contract, the Company concluded that these amounts were not properly recorded as revenue. Accordingly, revenue was reduced by an equivalent amountfor the period that the rebate was estimated to have been affected. A corresponding liability for the same amount was recorded in that50Table of Contentsperiod (referred to as accrued pricing liabilities). The Company believes that it may not ultimately be required to pay all or any of the accrued pricing liabilitiesbased upon the expiration of statutes of limitations, and due in part to the nature of the interactions with its clients. The remaining accrued pricing liabilities atJuly 31, 2019 will be derecognized when there is sufficient information for the Company to conclude that such liabilities are not subject to escheatment and havebeen extinguished, which may occur through payment, legal release, or other legal or factual determination. The Company has not provided for any provision forinterest and or penalties related to escheatment as it has concluded that such is not probable to occur and any potential interest and penalties cannot be reasonablyestimated.(7)DEBTOur debt consists of the following: July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Short-term debt Cerberus revolving credit facility$6,000 $—Current portion of long-term debt5,732 5,7275.25% Convertible Senior Notes Payable— 50,27411,732 56,001Long-term debt 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes Payable— 14,2567.50% Convertible Senior Note7,432 —Long-term debt, net of current portion368,505 383,111 375,937 397,367Total debt$387,669 $453,3685.25% Convertible Senior Notes PayableOn March 18, 2014, the Company entered into an indenture (the "Indenture") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to theCompany's issuance of $100 million of 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes (the "Notes"). As of July 31, 2018, the net carrying value of the Notes was $64.5 million.The Notes matured on March 1, 2019, with a balance due of $65.6 million, including interest to the March 1, 2019 maturity date. Included in the balance due werenotes held by SPHG Holdings in the principal amount of $14.9 million. The total $65.6 million balance due was paid in full by the Company from available cashon-hand, including the $14.9 million from the proceeds of the 7.50% Convertible Senior Note entered into on February 28, 2019, as described below. Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Interest expense related to contractual interest coupon$1,932 $3,655Interest expense related to accretion of the discount2,741 4,384Interest expense related to debt issuance costs243 388 $4,916 $8,427During the year ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized interest expense of $4.9 million and $8.4 million associated with the Notes,respectively. The effective interest rate on the Notes, including amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of the discount, was 13.9%.PNC Bank Credit FacilityOn June 30, 2014, two direct and wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company (the "Borrowers") and certain subsidiaries of the Borrowers acting asguarantors (the "Guarantors"), entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the "Credit51Table of ContentsAgreement"), as borrowers and guarantors, with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC Bank"), as a Lender and as agent for the Lenders ("Agent").The Credit Agreement had a five (5) year term which was to expire on June 30, 2019. On April 30, 2019, the Borrowers and Guarantors entered into aSecond Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the "Second Amendment") by and among the Borrowers, the Guarantors, the financialinstitutions named as parties thereto from time to time as lenders (collectively, the "Lenders") and PNC Bank as Agent. The Second Amendment amends the CreditAgreement in order to, among other things, (i) reduce the aggregate Revolving Commitment Amounts (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Lenders and therelated Maximum Revolving Advance Amount (as defined in the Credit Agreement) available to Borrowers under the Credit Agreement, from $50.0 million to$25.0 million, and (ii) to extend the maturity of the term under the Credit Agreement by six (6) months from June 30, 2019 to December 31, 2019. The maximumcredit commitment of $25.0 million is available for letters of credit (with a sublimit of $5.0 million). The actual maximum credit available under the CreditAgreement varies from time to time and is determined by calculating the applicable borrowing base, which is based upon applicable percentages of the values ofeligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory minus reserves determined by the Agent (including other reserves that the Agent may establish from time totime in its permitted discretion), all as specified in the Credit Agreement.Generally, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Borrowers' option, either (a) LIBOR (adjusted to reflectany required bank reserves) for an interest period equal to one, two or three months (as selected by the Borrowers) plus a margin of 2.25% per annum or (b) a baserate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the base commercial lending rate publicly announced from time to time by PNC Bank, (2) the sum of the FederalFunds Open Rate in effect on such day plus one half of one percent (0.5%) per annum, or (3) the LIBOR rate (adjusted to reflect any required bank reserves) ineffect on such day plus 1.00% per annum. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Credit Agreement, the Borrowers are required to pay acommitment fee, in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder, of 0.25% per annum, paid quarterly in arrears. The Borrowers are also required to pay acustomary letter of credit fee equal to the applicable margin on revolving credit LIBOR loans and fronting fees.The Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative covenants (including periodic reporting obligations) and events of default, including upon achange of control. During the year ended July 31, 2019, the Company did not meet the criteria that would cause its financial covenants to be applicable. At July 31,2019, the Company had a readily available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement of $13.8 million. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did nothave any balance outstanding on the PNC Bank credit facility.Cerberus Credit FacilityOn December 15, 2017, MLGS, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Financing Agreement (the "Financing Agreement"), by andamong the MLGS (as the initial borrower), Instant Web, LLC, a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of IWCO (as "Borrower"), IWCO, and certainof IWCO's subsidiaries (together with IWCO, the "Guarantors"), the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Cerberus Business Finance, LLC, as collateralagent and administrative agent for the lenders. MLGS was the initial borrower under the Financing Agreement, but immediately upon the consummation of theIWCO Acquisition, as described above, Borrower became the borrower under the Financing Agreement.The Financing Agreement provides for a $393.0 million term loan facility (the "Term Loan") and a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the "RevolvingFacility") (together, the "Cerberus Credit Facility"). Proceeds of the Cerberus Credit Facility were used (i) to finance a portion of the IWCO Acquisition, (ii) torepay certain existing indebtedness of the Borrower and its subsidiaries, (iii) for working capital and general corporate purposes and (iv) to pay fees and expensesrelated to the Financing Agreement and the IWCO Acquisition.The Cerberus Credit Facility has a maturity of five years. Borrowings under the Cerberus Credit Facility bear interest, at the Borrower's option, at aReference Rate plus 3.75% or a LIBOR Rate plus 6.5%, each as defined the Financing Agreement. The initial interest rate under the Cerberus Credit Facility is atthe LIBOR Rate option.The Term Loan under the Cerberus Credit Facility is repayable in consecutive quarterly installments, each of which will be in an amount equal per quarterof $1.5 million and each such installment to be due and payable, in arrears, on the last day of each calendar quarter commencing on March 31, 2018 and ending onthe earlier of (a) December 15, 2022 and (b) upon the payment in full of all obligations under the Financing Agreement and the termination of all commitmentsunder the Financing Agreement. Further, the Term Loan would be permanently reduced pursuant to certain mandatory prepayment events including an annual"excess cash flow sweep" of 50% of the consolidated excess cash flow, with a step-down to 25% when the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Financing Agreement)is below 3.50:1.00; provided that, in any calendar year, any voluntary52Table of Contentsprepayments of the Term Loan shall be credited against the Borrower's "excess cash flow" prepayment obligations on a dollar-for-dollar basis for such calendaryear. During the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company made $8.9 million in excess cash flow payments.Borrowings under the Financing Agreement are fully guaranteed by the Guarantors and are collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Borrower andthe Guarantors and a pledge of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of each of IWCO's subsidiaries.The Financing Agreement contains certain representations, warranties, events of default, mandatory prepayment requirements, as well as certain affirmativeand negative covenants customary for financing agreements of this type. These covenants include restrictions on borrowings, investments and dispositions, as wellas limitations on the ability of the Borrower and the Guarantors to make certain capital expenditures and pay dividends. Upon the occurrence and during thecontinuation of an event of default under the Financing Agreement, the lenders under the Financing Agreement may, among other things, terminate allcommitments and declare all or a portion of the loans under the Financing Agreement immediately due and payable and increase the interest rate at which loansand obligations under the Financing Agreement bear interest.At July 31, 2019, IWCO had a readily available borrowing capacity under its Revolving Facility of $19.0 million. As of July 31, 2019, the Companyhad $6.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Facility. As of July 31, 2018, the Company did not have an outstanding balance on the Revolving Facility. As ofJuly 31, 2019 and 2018, the principal amount outstanding on the Term Loan was $375.1 million and $390.0 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, thecurrent and long-term net carrying value of the Term Loan was $374.2 million and $388.8 million, respectively. July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Principal amount outstanding on the Term Loan$375,125 $390,000Unamortized debt issuance costs(888) (1,162)Net carrying value of the Term Loan$374,237 $388,8387.50% Convertible Senior NoteOn February 28, 2019, the Company entered into that certain 7.50% Convertible Senior Note Due 2024 Purchase Agreement (the "SPHG Note PurchaseAgreement") with SPHG Holdings, whereby SPHG Holdings agreed to loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for a 7.50% Convertible Senior Note (the"SPHG Note") in the amount of $14.9 million, due 2024, issued to SPHG Holdings (the "SPHG Note Transaction"). The SPHG Note bears interest at the rate of7.50% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2019. The SPHG Note will mature onMarch 1, 2024 (the "SPHG Note Maturity Date"), unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted by the holder in accordance with their terms prior tosuch maturity date.The Company has the right to prepay the SPHG Note at any time, upon 10 days' prior written notice, in whole or in part, without penalty or premium, at aprice equal to 100% of the then outstanding principal amount of the SPHG Note plus accrued and unpaid interest. The SPHG Note is an unsecured andunsubordinated obligation of the Company, and will rank equal in right of payment with the Company's other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, but willbe effectively subordinated in right of payment to any existing and future secured indebtedness and liabilities to the extent of the value of the collateral securingthose obligations, and structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries. The SPHG Note contains other customaryterms and conditions, including customary events of default.At its election, the Company may pay some or all of the interest due on each interest payment date by increasing the principal amount of the SPHG Note inthe amount of such interest due or any portion thereof (such payment of interest by increasing the principal amount of the SPHG Note referred to as ("PIKInterest"), with the remaining portion of the interest due on such interest payment date (or, at the Company's election, the entire amount of interest then due) to bepaid in cash by the Company. Following an increase in the principal amount of the SPHG Note as a result of a payment of PIK Interest, the SPHG Note will bearinterest on such increased principal amount from and after the date of such payment of PIK Interest.SPHG has the right to require the Company to repurchase the SPHG Note upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes, subject to certain conditions,at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the SPHG Note plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company will have the right to elect to causethe mandatory conversion of the SPHG Note in53Table of Contentswhole, and not in part, at any time on or after March 6, 2022, subject to certain conditions including that the stock price of the Company exceeds a certainthreshold.SPHG has the right, at its option, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the SPHG Note maturity date, to convert theSPHG Note or a portion thereof that is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof, into shares of common stock (if the Company has not received a requiredstockholder approval) or cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, as applicable (if the Company has received arequired stockholder approval), at an initial conversion rate of 421.2655 shares of common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price ofapproximately $2.37 per share (subject to adjustment as provided in the SPHG Note) per $1,000 principal amount of the SPHG Note (the "Conversion Rate"),subject to, and in accordance with, the settlement provisions of SPHG Note.For any conversion of the SPHG Note, if the Company is required to obtain and has not received approval from its stockholders in accordance withNASDAQ Stock Market Rule 5635 to issue 20% or more of the total shares of common stock outstanding upon conversion (including upon any mandatoryconversion) of the SPHG Note prior to the relevant conversion date (or, if earlier, the 45th Scheduled trading day immediately preceding the SPHG Note MaturityDate), the Company shall deliver to the converting holder, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of the SPHG Note being converted, a number of shares ofcommon stock determined by reference to the Conversion Rate, together with a cash payment, if applicable, in lieu of delivering any fractional share of commonstock based on the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of its common stock on the relevant conversion date, on the third Business Day immediately followingthe relevant conversion date.The Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") established a special committee (the "Special Committee"), consisting solely of independent directors notaffiliated with SPHG Holdings, to review and consider a financing transaction including a transaction with SPHG. The terms and conditions of the SPHG NoteTransaction were determined by the Special Committee to be fair and in the best interests of the Company, and the Special Committee recommended that the Boardapprove the SPHG Note Transaction and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Board approved such transactions. Warren G. Lichtenstein, our Interim ChiefExecutive Officer and the Executive Chairman of our Board, is also the Executive Chairman of Steel Partners Holdings GP Inc. ("Steel Holdings GP"), themanager of SPHG Holdings. Jack L. Howard and William T. Fejes, Jr., directors of the Company, are also affiliated with Steel Holdings GP. Glen Kassan, adirector and our Vice Chairman of the Board and former Chief Administrative Officer, is also affiliated with Steel Holdings GP.The Company then assessed the features of the SPHG Note and determined that the conversion features should not be bifurcated as a derivative liability, butshould be accounted for under the cash conversion subsections of ASC 470.The Company has valued the debt using similar nonconvertible debt as of the original issuance date of the SPHG Note and bifurcated the conversion optionassociated with the SPHG Note from the host debt instrument and recorded the conversion option of $8.2 million in stockholders' equity. The initial value of theequity component, which reflected the equity conversion feature, was equal to the initial debt discount. The resulting debt discount on the SPHG Note is beingaccreted to interest expense at the effective interest rate over the estimated life of the SPHG Note. The equity component is included in the additional paid-incapital portion of stockholders' equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the debt issuance costs were not material. As of July 31, 2019,the if-converted value of the SPHG Note did not exceed the principal value of the SPHG Note. As of July 31, 2019, the remaining period over which theunamortized discount will be amortized is 55 months. As of July 31, 2019, the net carrying value of the SPHG Note was $7.4 million. July 31, 2019 (In thousands)Carrying amount of equity component$8,200 Principal amount of Note$14,940Unamortized debt discount(7,508)Net carrying amount$7,432During the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company recognized interest expense associated with the SPHG Note of $1.2 million.54Table of Contents Twelve MonthsEnded July 31, 2019 (In thousands)Interest expense related to contractual interest coupon$473Interest expense related to accretion of the discount692 $1,165The effective interest rate on the SPHG Note, including accretion of the discount, is 18.47%. The SPHG Note bears interest at 7.50%.(8)COMMITMENTS ANDCONTINGENCIESThe Company leases facilities and certain machinery and equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases and executory contracts expiringthrough December 2021. Certain non-cancelable leases are classified as capital leases and the leased assets are included in property and equipment, at cost. Futureannual minimum payments as of July 31, 2019, are as follows: OperatingLeases CapitalLeaseObligations PurchaseObligations DebtPrincipal& Interest Total (In thousands)For the fiscal years ended July 31: 2020$16,534 $147 $26,800 $7,121 $50,602202111,755 136 — 7,121 19,01220228,082 104 — 7,121 15,30720234,899 37 — 364,245 369,18120243,544 — — 15,593 19,137Thereafter19,895 — — — 19,895 $64,709 $424 $26,800 $401,201 $493,134Total rent and equipment lease expense charged to continuing operations was $19.0 million and $19.2 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and2018, respectively.From time to time, the Company agrees to provide indemnification to its clients in the ordinary course of business. Typically, the Company agrees toindemnify its clients for losses caused by the Company. As of July 31, 2019, the Company had no recorded liabilities with respect to these arrangements.Purchase obligations represent an estimate of all open purchase orders and contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business for which the Companyhas not received the goods or services. Although open purchase orders are considered enforceable and legally binding, the terms generally allow us the option tocancel, reschedule, and adjust the Company's requirements based on its business needs prior to the delivery of goods or performance of services.Legal ProceedingsOn April 13, 2018, a purported shareholder, Donald Reith, filed a verified complaint, Reith v. Lichtenstein, et al., 2018-277 (Del. Ch.) in the DelawareCourt of Chancery. The complaint alleges class and derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty and unjustenrichment against the Company's Board of Directors, Warren Lichtenstein, Glen Kassan, William T. Fejes, Jack L. Howard, Jeffrey J. Fenton, Philip E. Lengyeland Jeffrey S. Wald; and stockholders Steel Holdings, Steel Partners, L.P., SPHG Holdings, Handy & Harman Ltd. and WHX CS Corp. (collectively, "SteelParties") in connection with the acquisition of $35 million of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock by SPHG Holdings and equity grants made to Lichtenstein,Howard and Fejes on December 15, 2017 (collectively, "Challenged Transactions"). The Company is named as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges thatalthough the Challenged Transactions were approved by a Special Committee consisting of the independent members of the Board (Messrs. Fenton, Lengyel andWald), the Steel Parties dominated and controlled the Special Committee, who approved the Challenged55Table of ContentsTransactions in breach of their fiduciary duty. Plaintiff alleges that the Challenged Transactions unfairly diluted shareholders and therefore unjustly enriched SteelHoldings, SPHG Holdings and Messrs. Lichtenstein, Howard and Fejes. The complaint also alleges that the Board made misleading disclosures in the Company'sproxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in connection with seeking approval to amend the 2010 Incentive Award Plan to authorize theissuance of additional shares to accommodate certain shares underlying the equity grants. Remedies requested include rescission of the Series C ConvertiblePreferred Stock and equity grants, disgorgement of any unjustly obtained property or compensation and monetary damages.On June 8, 2018, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to plead demand futility and failure to state a claim. On June 28, 2019, the Courtdenied most of the motion to dismiss allowing the matter to proceed. Discovery is proceeding. We are unable at this time to provide a calculation of potentialdamages or litigation loss that is probable or estimable. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome, the Company believes it has meritoriousdefenses, continues to deny liability, and intends to defend this litigation vigorously.(9)DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLANSAs of July 31, 2019, the Company sponsored two defined benefit pension plans covering certain of its employees in its Netherlands facility and oneunfunded defined benefit pension plan covering certain of its employees in Japan. Pension costs are actuarially determined.The plan assets are primarily related to the defined benefit plan associated with the Company's Netherlands facility. It consists of an insurance contract thatguarantees the payment of the funded pension entitlements. Insurance contract assets are recorded at fair value, which is determined based on the cash surrendervalue of the insured benefits which is the present value of the guaranteed funded benefits. Insurance contracts are valued using unobservable inputs, primarily bydiscounting expected future cash flows relating to benefits paid from a notional investment portfolio in order to determine the cash surrender value of the policy.The following table presents the plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, classified by fair value hierarchy: Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2019 AssetAllocations Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Insurance contract$26,651 98% $— $— $26,651Other investments616 2% — — 616 $27,267 100% $— $— $27,267 Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2018 AssetAllocations Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Insurance contract$22,339 98% $— $— $22,339Other investments521 2% — — 521 $22,860 100% $— $— $22,86056Table of ContentsThe aggregate change in benefit obligation and plan assets related to these plans was as follows: July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Change in benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year$29,849 $27,464Service cost365 398Interest cost633 671Actuarial loss5,125 1,655Employee contributions72 93Benefits and administrative expenses paid(197) (372)Adjustments(20) (54)Settlements— (21)Currency translation(1,289) 15Benefit obligation at end of year34,538 29,849Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year22,860 21,204Actual return on plan assets5,136 1,541Employer contributions, net422 402Employee contributions73 92Settlements(19) (21)Benefits and administrative expenses paid(197) (372)Currency translation(1,008) 14Fair value of plan assets at end of year27,267 22,860Funded status Current liability(13) (13)Noncurrent liability(7,259) (6,976)Net amount recognized in statement of financial position as a noncurrent liability$(7,272) $(6,989)The accumulated benefit obligation was approximately $32.4 million and $27.7 million at July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets was as follows: July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Projected benefit obligation$34,538 $29,849Accumulated benefit obligation$32,361 $27,700Fair value of plan assets$27,267 $22,860Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows: Twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Service cost$365 $398Interest costs633 671Expected return on plan assets(492) (529)Amortization of net actuarial loss127 125Net periodic pension costs$633 $66557Table of ContentsThe amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic pension costs in fiscal year2020 is approximately $4.9 million related to amortization of a net actuarial loss and prior service cost.Assumptions:Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations was as follows: Twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019 2018Discount rate1.48% 2.22%Rate of compensation increase1.97% 1.93%Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost was as follows: Twelve months endedJuly 31, 2019 2018Discount rate1.46% 2.21%Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets1.45% 2.20%Rate of compensation increase1.92% 1.94%The discount rate reflects the Company's best estimate of the interest rate at which pension benefits could be effectively settled as of the valuation date. It isbased on the Mercer Yield Curve for the Eurozone as per July 31, 2019 for the appropriate duration of the plan.To develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumptions consideration is given to the current level of expected returns on risk freeinvestments, the historical level of risk premium associated with the other asset classes in which the portfolio is invested and the expectations for the future returnsof each asset class. The expected return for each asset class was then weighted based on the target asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of returnon assets assumption for the portfolio.Benefit payments:The following table summarizes expected benefit payments from the plans through fiscal year 2024. Actual benefit payments may differ from expectedbenefit payments. The minimum required contributions to the plans are expected to be approximately $0.4 million in fiscal year 2020. Pension BenefitPayments (in thousands)For the fiscal year ended July 31: 20202052021247202224520232942024444Next 5 years2,436The current target allocations for plan assets are primarily insurance contracts. The market value of plan assets using Level 3 inputs is approximately $27.3million.Valuation Technique:Benefit obligations are computed using the projected unit credit method. Benefits are attributed to service based on the plan's benefit formula. Cumulativegains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the pension benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets are amortized over the expected averageremaining future service of the current active membership.58Table of Contents(10)REVENUE RECOGNITIONAdoption of ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers"On August 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as ofAugust 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after August 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted andcontinue to be reported in accordance with the Company's historic accounting under Topic 605.The Company recognizes revenue from its contracts with customers primarily from the sale of supply chain management services and marketing solutionsofferings. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration theCompany expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For ModusLink's supply chain management services arrangements and IWCO'smarketing solutions offerings, the goods and services are considered to be transferred over time as they are performed. Taxes assessed by a governmental authoritythat are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded fromrevenue.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Under the new standard, the majority of thesearrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. a warehousing and inventory management service and a separate kitting, packaging andassembly service), each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended. A significantportion of ModusLink's revenue from these arrangements continues to be recognized over time as the services are performed based on an input method of effortsexpended which corresponds with the transfer of value to the customer. For the limited population of contracts where the Company previously recognized revenuesupon completion of all services and historically recognized revenue at a point in time (generally upon product shipment), the new standard accelerates therecognition of revenue as the Company's performance enhances assets that the customer controls and therefore revenue is recognized over time based on an inputmethod of efforts expended which corresponds with the transfer of value to the customer.Revenue from the sale of perpetual licenses sold in ModusLink's e-Business operations is now recognized at a point in time upon execution of the relevantlicense agreement and when delivery has taken place.Revenue recognized related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions offerings, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation,is now recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.Revenue RecognitionIn accordance with Topic 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognizedreflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services, and excludes any sales incentives or taxescollected from customers which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.59Table of ContentsDisaggregation of RevenueThe following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by major good or service line, timing of revenue recognition, and sales channel. Thetable also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments. Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 Supply Chain DirectMarketing ConsolidatedTotal (In thousands)Major Goods/Service Lines Supply chain management services$331,022 $— $331,022Marketing solutions offerings— 486,902 486,902Other1,906 — 1,906 $332,928 $486,902 $819,830Timing of Revenue Recognition Goods transferred over time$— $486,902 $486,902Services transferred over time332,928 — 332,928 $332,928 $486,902 $819,830Total Revenue Revenue from contracts with customers$332,928 $486,902 $819,830 $332,928 $486,902 $819,830Over the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company had no revenue recognized at a point in time.Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.Supply chain management services.ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under thesearrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its service to them.The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e. warehousing/inventory management service and a separatekitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on thelevel of efforts expended.Marketing solutions offerings.IWCO's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products to customers.Revenue related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation, isrecognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.Other.Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professional services.Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of the agreement in proportion tothe costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.Significant JudgmentsThe Company's contracts with customers may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products andservices are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Forarrangements with multiple performance obligations, the60Table of ContentsCompany allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone sellingprice for each distinct performance obligation. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers and uses arange of amounts to estimate standalone selling prices when we sell each of the products and services separately and need to determine whether there is a discountthat needs to be allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices of the various products and services. The Company typically has more than one range ofstandalone selling prices for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In theseinstances, the Company may use information such as the type of customer and geographic region in determining the range of standalone selling prices.The Company may provide credits or incentives to customers, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price of thecontract and amounts of revenue to recognize. The amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price is estimated at contract inception usingeither the estimated value method or the most likely amount method based on the nature of the variable consideration. These estimates are updated at the end ofeach reporting period as additional information becomes available and revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of anyamounts of variable consideration included in the transaction price will not occur.Practical Expedients and ExemptionsThe Company has elected to make the following accounting policy elections through the adoption of the following practical expedients:Right to InvoiceWhere applicable, the Company will recognize revenue from a contract with a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to thecustomer of the Company's performance completed to date and the amount to which the entity has a right to invoice.Sales and Other Similar TaxesThe Company will exclude sales taxes and similar taxes from the measurement of transaction price and will ensure that it complies with the disclosurerequirements of ASC 235-10-50-1 through 50-6.Significant Financing ComponentThe Company will not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contractinception, that the period between when the entity transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or servicewill be one year or less.Cost to Obtain a ContractThe Company will recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that theCompany otherwise would have recognized is one year or less and there are no renewal periods on which the Company does not pay commissions that arenot commensurate with those originally paid.Promised Goods or Services that are Immaterial in the Context of a ContractThe Company has elected to assess promised goods or services as performance obligations that are deemed to be immaterial in the context of a contract. Assuch, the Company will not aggregate and assess immaterial items at the entity level. That is, when determining whether a good or service is immaterial inthe context of a contract, the assessment will be made based on the application of ASC 606 at the contract level.Contract BalancesTiming of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to its contractswith customers as follows:•Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solely basedon the passage of time.•Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction ofanother performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees61Table of Contentsrelated to marketing solutions offerings and supply chain management services. The Company notes that its contract assets are all short-term innature and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.•Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees related tosupply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which are generallybilled in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we transfercontrol of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-term liabilitieson the Company's consolidated balance sheets.The opening balance of contract assets was $24.0 million as of August 1, 2018. As of July 31, 2019, the contract asset balance was $21.5 million, which isrecorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets. Contract assets are classified as accounts receivable, trade, upon billing to the customerwhere such amounts become unconditional.The opening balance of current deferred revenue and long-term deferred revenue was $3.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as of August 1, 2018. Asof July 31, 2019, current deferred revenue and long-term deferred revenue was $2.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively.Changes in deferred revenue during the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, were as follows (in thousands):Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period$3,858Deferral of revenue4,624Recognition of deferred amounts upon satisfaction of performance obligation(5,453)Balance at end of period$3,029We expect to recognize approximately $2.9 million of the unearned amount over the twelve months ended July 31, 2020 and the remaining $0.1 millionbeyond July 31, 2020.Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a CustomerPrior to the adoption of Topic 606, the Company expensed incremental costs to obtain a contract, which represented commissions, as the liability wasincurred. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the period over whichsuch costs would be amortized is greater than one year. The Company has determined that certain commissions programs meet the requirements to be capitalized.However, as of August 1, 2018, the total commission expense that had been incurred under the commissions programs identified was not material and therefore,the Company determined that no amounts were required to be capitalized at the date of adoption. For the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the total commissionexpense that had been incurred under the commissions programs identified was not material and the Company determined that no amounts were required to becapitalized at July 31, 2019.The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and(ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company's consolidated August 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of Topic 606 were as follows (inthousands):62Table of ContentsBalance Sheet July 31, 2018 Adjustments Dueto ASU 2014-09 August 1,2018Assets Inventories, net$47,786 $(21,233) $26,553Prepaid expenses and other current assets13,415 24,041 37,456Total current assets264,281 2,808 267,089Total assets$827,050 $2,808 $829,858Liabilities Other current liabilities$42,029 $(3,330) $38,699Total current liabilities276,356 (3,330) 273,026Total liabilities684,230 (3,330) 680,900Stockholders' equity Accumulated deficit(7,363,569) 6,138 (7,357,431)Total stockholders' equity107,628 6,138 113,766Total liabilities, contingently redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity$827,050 $2,808 $829,858The Company reduced opening accumulated deficit by $6.1 million as of August 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with theimpact attributable to the acceleration of revenue related to ModusLink's supply chain management services arrangements and IWCO's marketing solutionsofferings where the Company previously recognized revenues upon completion of all services and historically recognized revenue at a point in time (generallyupon product shipment or when the products were complete). The adoption of ASC 606 primarily resulted in an acceleration of revenue as of August 1, 2018,which in turn generated additional deferred tax liabilities that ultimately reduced the Company's net deferred tax asset position. As the Company fully reserves itsnet deferred tax assets in the jurisdictions impacted by the adoption of Topic 606, this impact was offset by a corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance.In accordance with the requirements of the new standard, the disclosure of the impact of the adoption on the Company's consolidated balance sheet andstatement of operations was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):Balance Sheet:July 31, 2019 As Reported Balances withoutAdoption of ASC 606 Effect of ChangeHigher/(Lower)Assets Inventories, net$23,674 $45,853 $(22,179)Prepaid expenses and other current assets31,445 9,973 21,472Total current assets213,324 214,031 (707)Total assets$731,563 $732,270 $(707)Liabilities Other current liabilities$39,046 $46,641 $(7,595)Total current liabilities256,850 264,445 (7,595)Total liabilities643,685 651,280 (7,595)Stockholders' equity Accumulated deficit(7,426,287) (7,433,175) 6,888Total stockholders' equity52,692 45,804 6,888Total liabilities, contingently redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity$731,563 $732,270 $(707)63Table of ContentsStatement of Operations:Twelve months ended July 31, 2019 AsReported Balances withoutAdoption ofASC 606 Effect ofChangeHigher/(Lower)Net revenue$819,830 $818,134 $1,696Cost of revenue670,100 669,154 946Gross profit149,730 148,980 750Loss before income taxes(62,099) (62,849) 750Net loss(66,727) (67,477) 750Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(68,856) $(69,606) $750Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:$(1.13) $(1.14) $0.01The impact to revenues for the twelve month period ended July 31, 2019 was an increase of $1.7 million as a result of applying Topic 606 primarily relatedto the acceleration of revenue related to IWCO's marketing solutions arrangements for certain contracts with customers that under Topic 606 are being recognizedover time based on an input method of efforts expended which depicts the transfer of value to the customer.(11)OTHER GAINS (LOSSES), NETThe following schedule reflects the components of "Other gains (losses), net": Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Foreign currency exchange gains, net$337 $1,055Derecognition of accrued pricing liabilities4,573 —Gain, net on Trading Securities— 1,876Other, net(307) (708) $4,603 $2,223Other gains, net totaled approximately $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019. During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Companyrecorded gains of $4.6 million from the derecognition of accrued pricing liabilities, as discussed in Note 6. The balance consists primarily of $0.3 million in netrealized and unrealized foreign exchange gains, offset by $(0.3) million in other losses, net.Other gains, net totaled approximately $2.2 million for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018. The balance consists primarily of $1.9 million in net gainsassociated with the sale of publicly traded securities and $1.1 million in net realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains, offset by other gain and losses.(12)SHARE-BASED PAYMENTSStock Option PlansDuring the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding awards for stock options under two plans: the 2010 Incentive Award Plan, asamended (the "2010 Plan") and the 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan (the "2005 Plan"). Historically, the Company has had the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the"2004 Plan"), the 2002 Non-Officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the "2002 Plan"), and the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2000 Plan"). Options granted underthe 2010 Plan are generally exercisable as to 25% of the shares underlying the options beginning one year after the date of grant, with the options being exercisableas to the remaining shares in equal monthly installments over the next three years. The Company may also grant awards other than stock options under the 2010Plan. Options granted under the 2005 Plan are exercisable in equal monthly installments over three years, and have a term of ten years. As of December 2010, noadditional grants may be issued under this plan. Stock options granted under all other plans have contractual terms of seven years.On December 15, 2017, under the 2010 Plan, the Board of Directors of the Company, upon the recommendation of the Special Committee and theCompensation Committee, approved 4.0 million restricted stock grants and 1.5 million market performance based restricted stock grants to non-employee directorsof the Company. The 4.0 million restricted stock vested64Table of Contentsimmediately on the grant date. The 1.5 million market performance based restricted stock grants do not expire and vest upon the attainment of target stock pricehurdles. As of July 31, 2019, 1.0 million of the market performance based restricted stock grants had met the target stock price hurdles.Under the 2010 Plan, pursuant to which the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and other equity-basedawards for the issuance of (i) 11,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company plus (ii) the number of shares subject to outstanding awards under theCompany's 2000 Plan, 2002 Plan and 2004 Plan (collectively, the "Prior Plans") that expire or are forfeited following December 8, 2010, the effective date of the2010 Plan. As of December 8, 2010, the Company ceased making any further awards under its Prior Plans. As of December 8, 2010, the effective date of the 2010Plan, there were an additional 2,922,258 shares of common stock underlying equity awards issued under the Company's Prior Plans. This amount represents themaximum number of additional shares that may be added to the 2010 Plan should these awards expire or be forfeited subsequent to December 8, 2010. Anyawards that were outstanding under the Prior Plans as of the effective date continued to be subject to the terms and conditions of such Prior Plan. As of July 31,2019, 4,498,546 shares were available for future issuance under the 2010 Plan.The Board of Directors administers all stock plans, approves the individuals to whom options will be granted, and determines the number of shares andexercise price of each option and may delegate this authority to a committee of the Board or to certain officers of the Company in accordance with SEC regulationsand applicable Delaware law.Employee Stock Purchase PlanThe Company offers to its employees an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, (the "ESPP") under which an aggregate of 600,000 shares of the Company's stockmay be issued. Employees who elect to participate in the ESPP instruct the Company to withhold a specified amount through payroll deductions during eachquarterly period. On the last business day of each applicable quarterly payment period, the amount withheld is used to purchase the Company's common stock at apurchase price equal to 85% of the lower of the market price on the first or last business day of the quarterly period. During the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and2018, the Company issued approximately 17,000 and 10,000 shares, respectively, under the ESPP. Approximately 109,000 shares are available for future issuanceas of July 31, 2019.Stock Option Valuation and Expense InformationThe following table summarizes share-based compensation expense related to employee stock options, employee stock purchases and nonvested shares forthe fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018: Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018Cost of revenue$— $14Selling, general and administrative1,267 10,787 $1,267 $10,801The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using a binomial-lattice model. No employee stock options were grantedduring the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018.As share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018 is basedon awards ultimately expected to vest. In accordance with ASU 2016-09, the Company has elected to true up for forfeitures as they occur.Stock OptionsA summary of option activity for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 is as follows:65Table of Contents Number ofShares Weighted-AverageExercisePrice Weighted-AverageRemainingContractual Term(Years) AggregateIntrinsicValue (in thousands, except exercise price and years)Stock options outstanding, July 31, 2018438 $3.99 Granted— — Exercised— — Forfeited or expired(113) 3.74 Stock options outstanding, July 31, 2019325 4.07 1.12 $—Stock options exercisable, July 31, 2019325 $4.07 1.12 $—As of July 31, 2019, unrecognized share-based compensation related to stock options was immaterial.As of July 31, 2019, there were 0.3 million stock options that were vested and expected to vest in the future with a weighted- average remaining contractualterm of 1.1 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of these awards is immaterial.Nonvested StockNonvested stock consists of shares of common stock that are subject to restrictions on transfer and risk of forfeiture until the fulfillment of specifiedconditions. Nonvested stock is expensed ratably over the term of the restriction period, ranging from one to five years unless there are performance restrictionsplaced on the nonvested stock, in which case the nonvested stock is expensed using graded vesting. Nonvested stock compensation expense for the fiscal yearsended July 31, 2019 and 2018 was $1.2 million and $10.7 million, respectively.A summary of the activity of the Company's nonvested stock for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, is as follows: Numberof Shares Weighted-AverageGrant Date FairValue (share amounts in thousands)Nonvested stock outstanding, July 31, 20181,165 $0.44Granted405 1.73Vested(1,165) 0.44Forfeited— —Nonvested stock outstanding, July 31, 2019405 $1.73The fair value of nonvested shares is determined based on the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The total grant date fair valueof nonvested stock that vested during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $0.5 million and $11.5 million, respectively. As of July 31,2019, there was approximately $0.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock to be recognized over a weighted-average period of0.4 years.66Table of Contents(13)INCOMETAXESThe components of loss from continuing operations before provision for income taxes are as follows: Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Income (loss) from operations before income taxes: U.S.$(68,959) $(60,574)Foreign6,860 25,286Total loss from operations before income taxes$(62,099) $(35,288)The components of income tax expense have been recorded in the Company's consolidated financial statements as follows: Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Income tax expense (benefit) from operations$4,670 $(71,202)Total income tax expense (benefit)$4,670 $(71,202)The components of income tax expense from operations consist of the following: Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Current provision Federal$— $—State288 —Foreign1,525 7,592 1,813 7,592Deferred provision: Federal1,563 (76,168)State753 (2,352)Foreign541 (274) 2,857 (78,794)Total tax provision$4,670 $(71,202)During the year ended July 31, 2017, the Company elected to early adopt ASU No. 2015-17, which requires companies to classify all deferred tax assets andliabilities as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating deferred taxes into current and noncurrent amounts. This guidance allows for adoption on eithera prospective or retrospective basis. As of July 31, 2019, the Company recorded a non-current deferred tax asset of $1.0 million and a non-current deferred taxliability of $0.1 million in Other Assets, and Other Long-term Liabilities, respectively. As of July 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-current deferred tax assetof $1.6 million and a non-current deferred tax liability of $0.1 million in Other Assets and Other Long-term Liabilities, respectively. The components of deferredtax assets and liabilities are as follows:67Table of Contents July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Deferred tax assets: Accruals and reserves$21,297 $16,070Tax basis in excess of financial basis of investments in affiliates6,534 6,232Tax basis in excess of financial basis for intangible and fixed assets187 311Net operating loss and capital loss carry forwards469,735 468,129Total gross deferred tax assets497,753 490,742Less: valuation allowance(451,189) (438,467)Net deferred tax assets$46,564 $52,275Deferred tax liabilities: Financial basis in excess of tax basis for intangible and fixed assets$(43,885) $(50,141)Convertible Debt(1,761) (634)Total gross deferred tax liabilities(45,646) (50,775)Net deferred tax asset$918 $1,500The net change in the total valuation allowance for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 was an increase of approximately $12.7 million. This increase isprimarily due to the U.S. valuation allowance. A valuation allowance has been recorded against the gross deferred tax asset in the U.S and certain foreignsubsidiaries since management believes that after considering all the available objective evidence, both positive and negative, historical and prospective, it is morelikely than not that certain assets will not be realized. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018 was a decrease ofapproximately $333.4 million.The Company has certain deferred tax benefits, including those generated by net operating losses and certain other tax attributes (collectively, the "TaxBenefits"). The Company's ability to use these Tax Benefits could be substantially limited if it were to experience an "ownership change," as defined underSection 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). In general, an ownership change would occur if there is a greater than 50-percentagepoint change in ownership of securities by stockholders owning (or deemed to own under Section 382 of the Code) five percent or more of a corporation'ssecurities over a rolling three year period.In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act ("TCJA"), was signed into law. Among other things, the Tax Act permanently lowers thecorporate federal income tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35%, effective for tax years including or commencing January 1, 2018. As a result ofthe reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%, U.S. GAAP requires companies to revalue their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as ofthe date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. This revaluation resulted in a provision of $280.4 million toincome tax expense in continuing operations and a corresponding reduction in the valuation allowance. As a result, there was no impact to the Company's incomestatement as a result of reduction in tax rates. The total provision of $280.4 million included a provision of $305.9 million to income tax expense for the Companyand a benefit of $25.5 million to income tax expense for IWCO. As noted above, the net tax expense of $280.4 was offset completely by a corresponding reductionin the valuation allowanceBeginning on January 1, 2018, the TCJA also requires a minimum tax on certain future earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries while providing for futuretax-free repatriation of such earnings through a 100% dividends-received deduction. Other provisions of the TCJA for the Company in FY2019 include updatedregulations under Section 163j as well as Global Intangible Low Taxed Income ("GILTI") as well as Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax ("BEAT") provisions. TheCompany's interest expense deduction under 163j will be limited for tax purposes based on calculation of 30% of its EBITDA on a tax basis. The Company hasestimated its fiscal year 2019 GILTI inclusion based on its current year foreign activity. The foreign entities have minor E&P adjustments that will be factored inas part of the tax return filing. These amounts are not material and will not have a significant impact on the overall tax provision or disclosure. Due to the netoperating losses available in the U.S., the Company is not entitled to a Section 250 deduction which is why the total income amount has been recorded as theGILTI inclusion. The Company has made an accounting policy election, as allowed by the SEC and FASB, to recognize the impact of GILTI within the periodincurred. Therefore, no U.S. deferred taxes are provided in GILTI inclusions of future foreign subsidiary earnings.68Table of ContentsThe TCJA also requires a Transition Tax on any net accumulated earnings and profits as of the two required measurement dates, November 2, 2017 andDecember 31, 2017. As such, as of July 31, 2018, all of the Company's accumulated earnings and profits are deemed repatriated. Therefore, there is no deferred taxliability for earnings oversees that have not been remitted. The final calculation of net accumulated earnings and profits resulted in an accumulated deficit, andtherefore did not result in a Transition Tax. This calculation was finalized with the filing of the fiscal year 2018 tax return.In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 118 to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant doesnot have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effectsof the TCJA. As of December 31, 2018, the Company finalized its accounting for the TCJA and no measurement adjustments were recorded.As more fully described in Note 4, the Company completed the IWCO Acquisition on December 15, 2017. Going forward, the Company and IWCO willfile a consolidated federal tax return. As a result of the acquisition, the Company recorded a net deferred tax liability of $77.0 million. After considering thetransaction, the projected combined results, and available temporary differences from the acquired business, the Company has determined in accordance with ASC805-740-30-3 that its valuation allowance in the same amount of IWCO's full deferred tax liability may be released and the benefit be recognized in income.The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $2.1 billion and $160.0 million, respectively, atJuly 31, 2019. The federal net operating losses will expire from fiscal year 2022 through 2038 and the state net operating losses will expire from fiscal year 2018through 2039. The Company has a foreign net operating loss carryforward of approximately $72.6 million, of which $56.7 million has an indefinite carryforwardperiod. In addition, the Company has $19.4 million of capital loss carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes. The federal and state capital losses will expire infiscal year 2020 through fiscal year 2021.Income tax expense attributable to income from continuing operations differs from the expense computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of21.0% to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes as a result of the following: Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Computed "expected" income tax expense (benefit)$(13,041) $(9,467)Increase (decrease) in income tax expense resulting from: Change in valuation allowance16,158 (329,415)Foreign dividends— 7,379Foreign tax rate differential(593) (1,948)Federal rate change— 280,438Nondeductible goodwill impairment— 191Nondeductible expenses2,484 (15,852)Foreign withholding taxes336 1,961Addition (reversal) of uncertain tax position reserves645 (48)State benefit of U.S. Loss— (4,654)State income taxes, net of federal benefit113 —Other(1,432) 213Actual income tax expense$4,670 $(71,202)The calculation of the Company's income tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in several taxjurisdictions. The Company is periodically reviewed by domestic and foreign tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These reviews include questionsregarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In evaluating the exposure associated with variousfiling positions, the Company records estimated reserves when necessary. Based on the evaluation of current tax positions, the Company believes it hasappropriately accrued for exposures.The Company operates in multiple taxing jurisdictions, both within and outside of the United States. At July 31, 2019 and 2018, the total amount of theliability for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest, related to federal, state and foreign69Table of Contentstaxes was approximately $2.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively. To the extent the unrecognized tax benefits are recognized, the entire amount would impactincome tax expense.The Company files income tax returns in the U.S., various states and in foreign jurisdictions. The federal and state income tax returns are generally subjectto tax examinations for the tax years ended July 31, 2015 through July 31, 2019. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax year in whichthe attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state tax authorities to the extent utilized in a future period.In addition, a number of tax years remain subject to examination by the appropriate government agencies for certain countries in the Europe and Asia regions. InEurope, the Company's 2011 through 2018 tax years remain subject to examination in most locations while the Company's 2007 through 2018 tax years remainsubject to examination in most Asia locations.A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Balance as of beginning of year$1,525 $681Additions for current year tax positions704 903Currency translation(22) —Reductions for lapses in statute of limitations— (59)Balance as of end of year$2,207 $1,525In accordance with the Company's accounting policy, interest related to income taxes is included in the provision of income taxes line of the ConsolidatedStatements of Operations. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company has not recognized any material interest expense related to uncertain tax positions.As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had recorded liabilities for increases in interest expense related to uncertain tax positions in the amount of $0.2 millionand $0.1 million, respectively. The Company did not accrue for penalties related to income tax positions as there were no income tax positions that required theCompany to accrue penalties. The Company does not expect that any unrecognized tax benefits will reverse in the next twelve months.(14)ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEThe components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, are as follows: Foreigncurrencyitems Pensionitems Unrealizedgains(losses) onsecurities Total (In thousands)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at July 31, 2018$6,348 $(3,795) $181 $2,734Foreign currency translation adjustment(1,331) — — (1,331)Net unrealized holding loss on securities— — (85) (85)Pension liability adjustments— (284) — (284)Net current-period other comprehensive loss(1,331) (284) (85) (1,700)Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at July 31, 2019$5,017 $(4,079) $96 $1,034In the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in taxes related to othercomprehensive income.(15)STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATIONThe amount of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of July 31, 2019 and 2018 in the consolidated statements of cash flows is reconciled to theCompany's consolidated balance sheets as follows:70Table of Contents July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Cash and cash equivalents$32,548 $92,138Funds held for clients13,516 11,688Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$46,064 $103,826Cash used for operating activities reflect cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows: Years Ended July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Cash paid for interest$38,525 $24,642Cash paid for income taxes$5,451 $2,567Cash paid for taxes can be higher than income tax expense as shown on the Company's consolidated statements of operations due to prepayments made incertain jurisdictions as well as to the timing of required payments in relation to recorded expense, which can cross fiscal years.Non-cash ActivitiesNon-cash financing activities during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018 included the issuance of approximately 0.4 million and 6.7 millionshares, respectively, of non-vested common stock, valued at approximately $0.7 million and $11.5 million, respectively, to certain employees and non-employeesof the Company.(16)STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYPreferred StockThe Company's Board has the authority, subject to any limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series andto fix and determine the designation, privileges, preferences and rights and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of those shares, including dividend rights,conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, terms of sinking funds, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series or thedesignation of the series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. Any shares of the Company's preferred stock so issued may have priority over itscommon stock with respect to dividend, liquidation and other rights. The Board may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting rights or conversionfeatures that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of its common stock. Although the issuance of preferred stock could provide uswith flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, under some circumstances, it could have the effect of delaying, deferring orpreventing a change of control.On December 15, 2017, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with SPHG Holdings, pursuant towhich the Company issued 35,000 shares of the Company's newly created Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"),to SPHG Holdings at a price of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate purchase consideration of $35.0 million (the "Preferred Stock Transaction"). The terms, rights,obligations and preferences of the Preferred Stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock ofthe Company (the "Series C Certificate of Designations"), which has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.Under the Series C Certificate of Designations, each share of Preferred Stock can be converted into shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01per share (the "Common Stock"), at an initial conversion price equal to $1.96 per share, subject to appropriate adjustments for any stock dividend, stock split, stockcombination, reclassification or similar transaction. Holders of the Preferred Stock will also receive dividends at 6% per annum payable, at the Company's option,in cash or Common Stock. If at any time the closing bid price of the Company's Common Stock exceeds 170% of the conversion price for at least five consecutivetrading days (subject to appropriate adjustments for any stock dividend, stock split, stock71Table of Contentscombination, reclassification or similar transaction), the Company has the right to require each holder of Preferred Stock to convert all, or any whole number, ofshares of the Preferred Stock into Common Stock.Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events such as a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, or themerger or consolidation of the Company or significant subsidiary, or the sale of substantially all of the assets or capital stock of the Company or a significantsubsidiary, the holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or funds of the Company to theholders of other equity or equity equivalent securities of the Company other than the Preferred Stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share incash equal to the sum of (i) one hundred percent (100)% of the stated value per share of Preferred Stock (initially $1,000 per share) then held by them (as adjustedfor any stock split, stock dividend, stock combination or other similar transactions with respect to the Preferred Stock), plus (ii) 100% of all declared but unpaiddividends, and all accrued but unpaid dividends on each such share of Preferred Stock, in each case as the date of the triggering event. On or after December 15,2022, each holder of Preferred Stock can also require the Company to redeem its Preferred Stock in cash at a price equal to the Liquidation Preference (as definedin Series C Certificate of Designations).Each holder of Preferred Stock has a vote equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which its Preferred Stock would be convertible as of therecord date, provided that the number of shares voted is based upon a conversion price which is no less than the greater of the book or market value of the CommonStock on the closing date of the purchase of the Preferred Stock. In addition, for so long as the Preferred Stock remains outstanding, the Company will not, directlyor indirectly, and including in each case with respect to any significant subsidiary, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Preferred Stock(i) liquidate, dissolve or wind up the Company or any significant subsidiary; (ii) consummate any transaction that would constitute or result in a Liquidation Event(as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designations); (iii) effect or consummate any Prohibited Issuance (as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designations);or (iv) create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness (as defined in the Series C Certificate of Designations) of any kind, other than certain existingIndebtedness of the Company and any replacement financing thereto, unless any such replacement financing be on substantially similar terms as such existingIndebtedness.The Purchase Agreement provides that the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect the piggyback registration of the Common Stockissuable on the conversion of the Preferred Stock and any securities issued or issuable upon any stock split, dividend or other distribution, recapitalization orsimilar event with respect to the foregoing, with the SEC in all states reasonably requested by the holder in accordance with certain enumerated conditions. ThePurchase Agreement also contains other representations, warranties and covenants, customary for an issuance of Preferred Stock in a private placement of thisnature.The Preferred Stock Transaction was approved and recommended to the Board by the Special Committee of the Board consisting of independent directorsnot affiliated with Steel Holdings GP, which controls the power to vote and dispose of the securities held by SPHG Holdings and its affiliates.Common StockEach holder of the Company's common stock is entitled to:•one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, subject to the rights of any preferred stock that may beoutstanding;•dividends as may be declared by the Company's Board out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject to the rights of any preferred stockthat may be outstanding; and•a pro rata share in any distribution of the Company's assets after payment or providing for the payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferenceof any outstanding preferred stock in the event of liquidation.Holders of the Company's common stock have no cumulative voting rights, redemption rights or preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any shares ofits common stock or other securities. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges ofholders of its common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any existing series of preferred stock and anyseries of preferred stock that the Company may designate and issue in the future. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Company'scommon stock.On March 12, 2013, stockholders of the Company approved the sale of 7,500,000 shares of newly issued common stock to Steel Partners Holdings L.P.("Steel Holdings"), an affiliate of SPHG Holdings, at a price of $4.00 per share, resulting in72Table of Contentsaggregate proceeds of $30.0 million before transaction costs. The Company incurred $2.3 million of transaction costs, which consisted primarily of investmentbanking and legal fees, resulting in net proceeds from the sale of $27.7 million. In addition, as part of the transaction, the Company issued Steel Holdings a warrantto acquire an additional 2,000,000 shares at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (the "Warrant"). These warrants were to expire after a term of five years afterissuance. On December 15, 2017, contemporaneously with the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction, the Company entered into a Warrant RepurchaseAgreement (the "Warrant Repurchase Agreement") with Steel Holdings pursuant to which the Company repurchased the Warrant for $100. The Warrant wasterminated by the Company upon repurchase.(17)FAIR VALUEMEASUREMENTSASC Topic 820 provides that fair value is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in anorderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement thatshould be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC Topic 820 requires the Company to usevaluation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized asfollows:Level 1:Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in activemarketsLevel 2:Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroboratedinputsLevel 3:Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions about howmarket participants would price the assets or liabilitiesThe carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, current liabilities and the revolving line of creditapproximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. We believe that the carrying value of our long-term debt approximates fair value becausethe stated interest rates of this debt is consistent with current market rates. The carrying value of capital lease obligations approximates fair value, as estimated byusing discounted future cash flows based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The defined benefitplans have 100% of their assets invested in bank-managed portfolios of debt securities and other assets. Conservation of capital with some conservative growthpotential is the strategy for the plans. The Company's pension plans are outside the United States, where asset allocation decisions are typically made by anindependent board of trustees. Investment objectives are aligned to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The Company acts ina consulting and governance role in reviewing investment strategy and providing a recommended list of investment managers for each plan, with final decisions onasset allocation and investment manager made by local trustees.Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring BasisThe following tables present the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, classified by fair valuehierarchy: Fair Value Measurements atReporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Assets: Money market funds$365 $365 $— $— Fair Value Measurements atReporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Assets: Money market funds$47,186 $47,186 $— $—The following table presents the pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, classified by fair valuehierarchy:73Table of Contents Fair Value Measurements atReporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2019 AssetAllocations Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Insurance contract$26,651 98% $— $— $26,651Other investments616 2% — — 616 $27,267 100% $— $— $27,267 Fair Value Measurements atReporting Date Using(In thousands)July 31, 2018 AssetAllocations Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Insurance contract$22,339 98% $— $— $22,339Other investments521 2% — — 521 $22,860 100% $— $— $22,860The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the pension plan assets for the years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018: July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$22,860 $21,204Actual return on plan assets5,136 1,541Employer contributions, net422 402Employee contributions73 92Settlements(19) (21)Benefits and administrative expenses paid(197) (372)Currency translation(1,008) 14Fair value of plan assets at end of year$27,267 $22,860There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during any of the periods presented.When available, quoted prices were used to determine fair value. When quoted prices in active markets were available, investments were classified withinLevel 1 of the fair value hierarchy. When quoted prices in active markets were not available, fair values were determined using pricing models, and the inputs tothose pricing models were based on observable market inputs. The inputs to the pricing models were typically benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealerquotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities, among others.Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring BasisThe Company reviews the carrying amounts of these assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may notbe recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the asset group or reporting unit is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. TheCompany estimated the fair values of assets subject to impairment based on the Company's own judgments about the assumptions that market participants woulduse in pricing the assets and on observable market data, when available.Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe Company's financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, customerdeposits, accounts payable, restricted cash and debt, and are reflected in the financial statements at cost. With the exception of the SPHG Note, the Notes payableand long-term debt, cost approximates fair value for these items due to their short-term nature. We believe that the carrying value of the liability component of theSPHG Note and our long-term debt approximates fair value because the stated interest rates of this debt is consistent with current market rates.74Table of ContentsIncluded in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying balance sheet are money market funds. These are valued at quoted market prices in activemarkets.The following table presents the Company's Notes payable which were not carried at fair value: July 31, 2018 CarryingAmount FairValue Fair ValueHierarchy (In thousands) Notes payable$64,530 $66,658 Level 1The fair value of the Company's Notes payable represented the value at which its lenders could trade its debt within the financial markets, and did notrepresent the settlement value of these debt liabilities to us. The fair value of the Notes payable could vary each period based on fluctuations in market interestrates, as well as changes to our credit ratings. The Notes payable were traded and their fair values were based upon traded prices as of the reporting date.(18)SEGMENT INFORMATIONDuring the twelve months ended July 31, 2019, the Company changed the determination of its operating segments. The Company has two operatingsegments: Supply Chain and Direct Marketing. This change was made to be consistent with the information provided to the Company's chief operating decision-maker ("CODM") for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance and quantitative thresholds. The Company hasdetermined that it has two reportable segments: Supply Chain and Direct Marketing. The July 31, 2018 financial information has been restated to reflect thesechanges on a comparable basis. The Company also has Corporate-level activity, which consists primarily of costs associated with certain corporate administrativefunctions such as legal, finance, share-based compensation and acquisition costs which are not allocated to the Company's reportable segments. The Corporate-level balance sheet information includes cash and cash equivalents, Notes payables and other assets and liabilities which are not identifiable to the operations ofthe Company's operating segments. All significant intra-segment amounts have been eliminated.Management evaluates segment performance based on segment net revenue, operating income (loss) and "adjusted operating income (loss)", which isdefined as the operating income (loss) excluding net charges related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, long-lived asset impairment, share-basedcompensation and restructuring. These items are excluded because they may be considered to be of a non-operational or non-cash nature. Historically, theCompany has recorded significant impairment and restructuring charges and therefore management uses adjusted operating income (loss) to assist in evaluatingthe performance of the Company's core operations.Summarized financial information of the Company's continuing operations by operating segment is as follows: Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Net revenue: Supply Chain$332,928 $345,900Direct Marketing486,902 299,358 $819,830 $645,258Operating income (loss): Supply Chain$(3,822) $613Direct Marketing(9,154) 10,740Total segment operating income (loss)(12,976) 11,353Corporate-level activity(12,303) (19,659)Total operating loss(25,279) (8,306)Total other expense(36,820) (26,982)Loss before income taxes$(62,099) $(35,288)For the twelve months ended July 31, 2018, net revenue and operating income associated with Direct Marketing is for the period from December 15, 2017 toJuly 31, 2018. For this period, the Direct Marketing operating income includes certain purchase accounting adjustments associated with the IWCO acquisition.75Table of Contents July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018 (In thousands)Total assets: Supply Chain$112,712 $120,123Direct Marketing600,390 642,820Sub-total—segment assets713,102 762,943Corporate18,461 64,107 $731,563 $827,050Summarized financial information of the Company's net revenue from external customers by group of services is as follows: Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018 (In thousands)Services: Supply Chain$332,928 $345,900Products: Direct Marketing486,902 299,358 $819,830 $645,258As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately $86.3 million and $101.8 million of the Company's long-lived assets, respectively, were located in the U.S.For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, the Company's net revenues within U.S., China, Netherlands and Czech Republic were $557.2 million, $142.4million, $51.4 million and $4.7 million, respectively. For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2018, the Company's net revenues within U.S., China, Netherlands andCzech Republic were $358.3 million, $112.3 million, $59.5 million and $48.7 million, respectively.(19)RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSAs of June 21, 2019, SPHG Holdings and its affiliates, including Steel Partners Holdings L.P. ("Steel Holdings"), Handy & Harman, Ltd. ("HNH"), SteelPartners, Ltd. ("SPL"), beneficially owned approximately 56.3% of our outstanding capital stock, including shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, parvalue $0.01 per share that vote on an as-converted basis together with our Common Stock. Warren G. Lichtenstein, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and theExecutive Chairman of our Board, is also the Executive Chairman of Steel Holdings GP. Glen Kassan, our Vice Chairman of the Board and former ChiefAdministrative Officer, is an employee of Steel Services Ltd. ("Steel Services"). Jack L. Howard, the President and a director of Steel Holdings GP, was appointedto the Board upon the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction described below. William T. Fejes, the Chief Operating Officer of Steel Holdings, was appointedto the Board upon the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction described below. SPHG Note TransactionOn February 28, 2019, the Company entered into that certain the SPHG Note Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings, whereby SPHG Holdings agreedto loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for a 7.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2024. As of July 31, 2018, SPHG held $14.9 million principal amount ofthe Company's 5.25% Convertible Senior Notes. The Notes matured on March 1, 2019, with a balance due of $65.6 million, including interest to the March 1, 2019maturity date. The total $65.6 million balance due was paid in full by the Company from available cash on-hand and $14.9 million from the proceeds of the SPHGNote Transaction. See Note 7, "Debt."Preferred Stock Transaction and Warrant RepurchaseOn December 15, 2017, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings, pursuant to which the Company issued35,000 shares of the Company's newly created Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, to SPHG Holdings at a price of $1,000 per share,for an aggregate purchase consideration of $35.0 million. The terms, rights, obligations and preferences of the Preferred Stock are set forth in a Certificate ofDesignations,76Table of ContentsPreferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company, which has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.The Preferred Stock Transaction was approved and recommended to the Board by a special committee of the Board (the "Special Committee"). Eachmember of the Special Committee was independent and not affiliated with Steel Holdings GP, which controls the power to vote and dispose of the securities heldby SPHG Holdings and its affiliates.On December 15, 2017, contemporaneously with the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction, the Company entered into a Warrant RepurchaseAgreement with Steel Holdings, an affiliate of SPHG Holdings, pursuant to which the Company repurchased for $100 the warrant to acquire 2,000,000 shares ofthe Common Stock that the Company had previously issued to Steel Holdings. The Warrant, which was to expire in 2018, was terminated by the Company uponrepurchase.Management Services AgreementOn December 24, 2014, the Company entered into a Management Services Agreement with SP Corporate Services LLC ("SP Corporate"), effective as ofJanuary 1, 2015 (the "2015 Management Services Agreement"). SP Corporate is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings and is a related party.Pursuant to this agreement, SP Corporate provided the Company and its subsidiaries with the services of certain employees, including certain executive officers,and other corporate services. On June 14, 2019, the Company entered into a new agreement (the "2019 Management Services Agreement") with Steel Services, anindirect wholly owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings. The 2019 Management Services Agreement was effective as of June 1, 2019. The 2019 Management ServicesAgreement supersedes all prior agreements between the Company and Steel Services, including the 2015 Management Services Agreement. Total expensesincurred related to the 2015 Management Services Agreement and the 2019 Management Services Agreement for the twelve months ended July 31, 2019 and 2018were $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively. As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, amounts due to SP Corporate and Steel Services were $0.5 million and $0.2million, respectively.On October 11, 2016, the Board adopted a Related Person Transaction Policy that is administered by the Audit Committee and applies to all related partytransactions. As of October 11, 2016, the Audit Committee reviews all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and all such transactions must be approved orratified by the Audit Committee.On December 15, 2017, the Board, upon the recommendation of the Special Committee and the Compensation Committee, approved restricted stock grantsand market performance based restricted stock grants to non-employee directors Messrs. Howard, Fejes and Lichtenstein, the Executive Chairman of the Board, ineach case effective upon the closing of the IWCO Acquisition (the "Grant Date"). Messrs, Howard and Lichtenstein are affiliated with Steel Holdings GP, which isa wholly-owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings. Mr. Fejes is currently affiliated with Steel Services, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings. Theseawards were measured based on the fair market value on the Grant Date.Air TravelDuring twelve months ended July 31, 2018, the Company reimbursed SP General Service, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of SPL, for air travel in theamount of $0.5 million, which was primarily related to the acquisition of IWCO and its integration.(20)PARENT COMPANY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATIONPer the Cerberus Credit Facility, IWCO is permitted to make distributions to the Parent, Steel Connect, Inc., an aggregate amount not to exceed $5.0 millionin any fiscal year and pay reasonable documented expenses incurred by the Parent. The Parent is entitled to receive additional cash remittances under a "U.S.Federal Income Tax Sharing Agreement." As the remainder of the restricted net assets, which totaled approximately $9.6 million at July 31, 2019, represent asignificant portion of the Company's consolidated total assets, the Company is presenting the following parent company condensed financial information:STEEL CONNECT, INC. (Parent Only)BALANCE SHEETS(in thousands, except share and per share data)77Table of Contents July 31, 2019 July 31, 2018ASSETSCash and cash equivalents$4,083 $7,978Prepaid expenses and other current assets227 120Total current assets4,310 8,098Investments in affiliates96,940 188,534Other assets337 87Due from subsidiaries— 13,579Total assets$101,587 $210,298LIABILITIES, CONTINGENTLY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYAccounts payable$1,253 $674Accrued expenses2,364 2,274Convertible Notes payable— 50,274Total current liabilities3,617 53,222Convertible Notes payable7,432 14,256Due to subsidiaries2,660 —Total long-term liabilities10,092 14,256Total liabilities13,709 67,478Contingently redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 35,000 shares authorized, issued and outstandingat July 31, 2019 and 201835,186 35,192Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 4,965,000 shares authorized at July 31, 2019 and July 31, 2018; zero sharesissued and outstanding at July 31, 2019 and 2018— —Common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Authorized 1,400,000,000 shares; 61,805,856 issued and outstandingshares at July 31, 2019; 60,742,859 issued and outstanding shares at July 31, 2018618 608Additional paid-in capital7,477,327 7,467,855Accumulated deficit(7,426,287) (7,363,569)Accumulated other comprehensive income1,034 2,734Total stockholders' equity52,692 107,628Total liabilities, contingently redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity$101,587 $210,29878Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. (Parent Only)STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS(in thousands) Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2019 2018Selling, general and administrative$12,303 $16,742Total operating expenses12,303 16,742Operating loss(12,303) (16,742)Other income (expense): Interest expense(6,081) (8,427)Other income (expense), net(306) 6,807Total other expense(6,387) (1,620)Loss before income taxes(18,690) (18,362)Equity (gains) losses of subsidiaries, net of tax48,079 (54,276)Gains on investments in affiliates, net of tax(42) (801)Net income (loss)$(66,727)$36,71579Table of ContentsSTEEL CONNECT, INC. (Parent Only)STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(in thousands) Twelve Months EndedJuly 31, 2019 2018Cash flows from operating activities: Net income (loss)$(66,727) $36,715Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: Amortization of deferred financing costs243 388Accretion of debt discount3,433 4,384Share-based compensation1,267 10,763Non-cash (gains) losses, net7 (354)Equity (gains) losses of subsidiaries, net of tax48,079 (54,276)Gains on investments in affiliates and impairments(42) (801)Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquired: Prepaid expenses and other current assets(107) (36)Accounts payable and accrued expenses669 698Other assets and liabilities(250) (1,860)Net cash used in operating activities(13,428) (4,379)Cash flows from investing activities: Intercompany advances, net64,332 (22,216)Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities64,332 (22,216)Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock— 35,000Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Note14,940 —Payments on maturity of Convertible Notes(63,925) —Payment of preferred dividends(2,129) (1,143)Purchase of the Company's Convertible Notes(3,700) —Proceeds from issuance of common stock15 8Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(54,799) 33,865Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents(3,895) 7,270Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period7,978 708Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$4,083 $7,978ITEM 9.— CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURENot applicable.ITEM 9A.— CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAt the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation ofmanagement, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as definedin Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. "Disclosure controls and procedures" means controls and other procedures of a company that aredesigned to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controlsand procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act isaccumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similarfunctions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how welldesigned and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating thecost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concludedthat although we80Table of Contentseffectively remediated the material weakness noted as of July 31, 2018 our disclosure controls and procedures over financial reporting were not effective as of July31, 2019 because of the material weakness noted below.Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingManagement is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. A company's internalcontrol over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or personsperforming similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding thereliability of its financial reporting and the preparation of its financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principlesand includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions anddispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statementsin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance withauthorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorizedacquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internalcontrol over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to therisk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.Under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including the Interim Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, theCompany conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control-IntegratedFramework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based upon that evaluation, managementidentified a material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting, because of the material weakness described below managementconcluded that it did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019, based on the criteria established by COSO.Management concluded that there was a material weakness in our controls over financial reporting with respect to the Company's information technologygeneral controls specifically, it was identified that there was a lack of segregation of duties due to the number of users who maintain administrative access andsuper user access rights and lack of controls related to change management and monitoring program changes related to the ERP system at IWCO.Notwithstanding the identified material weakness, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-Kfairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and hasissued an attestation report, which contains an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019.Please see their report included in this Item 9A below.Plan for Remediation of the Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial ReportingManagement has restricted "administrative" access and is in the process of improving its controls for user account provisioning and monitoring ofsegregation of duties conflicts within the ERP systems at IWCO. In addition, management will enhance the design and precision level of monitoring controls overprogram changes, which will include systematic logging and testing of all changes within the I.T. environment.Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial ReportingAs previously disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2018 and Form 10-Q for the nine months ended April 30, 2019management determined that the Company had a material weakness and did not maintain effective controls over the assessment, timely review and evaluation ofmaterial non-routine transactions specifically related to the Company's pricing liabilities. The Company has implemented the following remedial measuresdesigned to address this material weakness:•management has developed a process to identify complex non-routine transactions which includes early identification and evaluation by the seniormanagement team;•the process includes but is not limited to establishing a team and team leader. Establish time lines for completion with regular progress reviews held bysenior management;•subject matter experts and legal counsel will be consulted with early in the process and as necessary provide assistance;and81Table of Contents•management with the assistance of outside counsel has developed a well-documented process to analyze the accrued pricing liabilities on a quarterly basisor more frequently if circumstances warrant a more timely review.In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company completed the testing of the design and operating effectiveness of the new procedures and controls.As a result, as of July 31, 2019, management concluded that the Company had remediated the previously reported material weaknesses in the internal control overfinancial reporting.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingOther than the changes resulting from the remediation activities described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting(as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended July 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materiallyaffect, our internal control over financial reporting.82Table of ContentsReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmShareholders and Board of DirectorsSteel Connect, Inc.Waltham, MassachusettsOpinion on Internal Control over Financial ReportingWe have audited Steel Connect, Inc.'s and subsidiaries (the "Company's") internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019, based on criteria establishedin Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO criteria"). Inour opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019, based on the COSOcriteria. We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management's statements referring to any corrective actions taken by the Company after the dateof management's assessment.We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated balancesheets of the Company as of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, andcash flows for each of the two years in the period ended July 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as "the consolidated financial statements") andour report dated October 15, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.Basis for OpinionThe Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internalcontrol over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility isto express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOBand are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of theSecurities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan andperform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our auditincluded obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating thedesign and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considerednecessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that amaterial misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following materialweakness has been identified and included in management's assessment.The Company identified a material weakness related to information technology general controls over one of its subsidiaries in connection with: (a) lack ofsegregation of duties due to the number of users who maintain administrative access and super user access rights; and (b) controls relating to change managementand monitoring program changes of the subsidiary's enterprise resource planning system.This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2019 financial statements, and thisreport does not affect our report dated October 15, 2019 on those financial statements.Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial ReportingA company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and thepreparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financialreporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect thetransactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation offinancial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only inaccordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable83Table of Contentsassurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on thefinancial statements.Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation ofeffectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance withthe policies or procedures may deteriorate./s/ BDO USA, LLPBoston, MassachusettsOctober 15, 2019ITEM 9B.— OTHER INFORMATIONNone.PART IIIITEM 10.— DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEThe information with respect to directors and executive officers required by this Item will be contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed withthe SEC not later than 120 days after the close of business of the fiscal year and is incorporated in this report by reference.During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, we made no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Boardof Directors, as described in our most recent proxy statement.The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, including theCompany's principal executive officer, and its senior financial officers (principal financial officer and controller or principal accounting officer, or personsperforming similar functions). The Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on its website, www.moduslink.com (under the Investor Relations &Press—Governance section). We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to, or waiver of, a provision of the Code of BusinessConduct and Ethics applicable to the Company's principal executive officer or its senior financial officers (principal financial officer and controller or principalaccounting officer, or persons performing similar functions) by posting such information on our website.ITEM 11.— EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe information required by this Item will be contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.ITEM 12.— SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERMATTERSInformation regarding the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement and isincorporated in this report by reference.84Table of ContentsEquity Compensation Plan Information as of July 31, 2019The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company's equity compensation plans as of July 31, 2019: (a) (b) (c) Plan CategoryNumber of securities tobe issued upon exerciseof outstanding options,warrants and rights Weighted-averageexercise price ofoutstanding options,warrants and rights Number of securitiesremaining available forfuture issuance under equitycompensation plans(excluding securitiesreflected in column (a)) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders1,229,141 $1.08 4,607,046(1) Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(2)— $— — Total1,229,141 $1.08 4,607,046 _____________(1)Includes:▪108,500 shares available for issuance under the Company's Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, asamended.▪4,498,546 shares available for issuance under the Company's 2010 Incentive Award Plan, as amended April 12,2018.(2)In March 2002, the Board of Directors adopted the 2002 Non-officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the "2002 Plan"), which was adopted without theapproval of our security holders. Pursuant to the 2002 Plan, 415,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance (subject to adjustment in the eventof stock splits and other similar events). In May 2002, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2002 Plan in which the total shares availableunder the plan were increased to 1,915,000. Under the 2002 Plan, non-statutory stock options or restricted stock awards were granted to the Company's orits subsidiaries' employees, other than those who were also officers or directors, as defined. In connection with the adoption of the 2010 Incentive AwardPlan on December 8, 2010, equity awards are no longer granted under the 2002 Plan.ITEM 13.— CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe information required by this Item will be contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.ITEM 14.— PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESThe information required by this Item will be contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.PART IVITEM 15.— EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES(a) 1. Financial Statements.The financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as part of this report.(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedules.All financial statement schedules have been omitted as they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included.(a) 3. Exhibits.The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index are filed, furnished, or incorporated by reference in this report.EXHIBIT INDEX85Table of ContentsExhibitNumber Exhibit Description 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 15, 2017, by and among ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., MLGSMerger Company, Inc., IWCO Direct Holdings Inc., CSC Shareholder Services, LLC (solely in its capacity asrepresentative), and the stockholders of IWCO Direct Holdings Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 tothe Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2017. Schedules and exhibits have been omittedpursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementary copies of any ofthe omitted schedules or exhibits upon request by the Securities and Exchange Commission. 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to theRegistrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 26, 2008. 3.2 Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., filedwith the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 18, 2011 is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2011. 3.3 Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., as currently in effect, is incorporatedherein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2014. 3.4 Certificate of Elimination of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock of ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., datedMarch 26, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedon March 26, 2013. 3.5 Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware onDecember 29, 2014, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed onJanuary 5, 2015. 3.6 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. (Effectingthe Reverse Split), filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 16, 2015, is incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2015. 3.7 Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. (Effectingthe Forward Split), filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 16, 2015, is incorporated byreference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2015. 3.8 Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of ModusLink GlobalSolutions, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 15, 2017, is incorporated hereinby reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2017. 3.9 Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences and Privileges of Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock filedwith the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 19, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2018. 3.10 Certificate of Ownership and Merger filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 20, 2018, isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 26,2018 . 3.11 Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware onApril 12, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedon April 16, 2018. 4.1 Specimen stock certificate representing the Registrant’s Common Stock, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 tothe Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2015. 4.2** Description of Registrant's Securities. 4.3 Tax Benefits Preservation Plan, dated as of January 19, 2018, by and between ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. andAmerican Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 tothe Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 19, 2018. 86Table of Contents4.4 Form of 7.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2024 issued by Steel Connect, Inc. to SPH Group Holdings LLC., isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 28,2019. 10.1* Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2thereto, is incorporated herein by reference to Appendix II to the Registrant’s Definitive Schedule 14A filed onNovember 16, 2001. 10.2* Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2006. 10.3* Amendment No. 4 to Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2008. 10.4* Amendment No. 5 to Amended and Restated 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan is incorporated herein by reference toAppendix I to the Registrant’s Definitive Schedule 14A filed on October 23, 2009. 10.5* 2002 Non-Officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2002. 10.6* Amendment No. 1 to 2002 Non-Officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2002. 10.7* Amendment No. 2 to 2002 Non-Officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 23, 2007. 10.8* Amendment No. 3 to 2002 Non-Officer Employee Stock Incentive Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2008. 10.9* 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Appendix V to the Registrant’s DefinitiveSchedule 14A filed on November 7, 2005. 10.10* Amendment No. 1 to 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to theRegistrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2008. 10.11* Amendment No. 2 to ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan is incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2010. 10.12* Amendment No. 3 to ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan is incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31,2011. 10.13* Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement for usage under the Registrant’s 2005 Non-Employee Director Plan isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal yearended July 31, 2006. 10.14* Form of Restricted Stock Agreement Granted Under 2010 Incentive Award Plan is incorporated herein by referenceto Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2010. 10.15* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Granted Under 2010 Incentive Award Plan is incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2010. 10.16* Form of 2010 Incentive Award Plan Non-Statutory Stock Option Certificate is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2010. 10.17* Form of 2010 Incentive Award Plan Incentive Stock Option Certificate is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2010. 87Table of Contents10.18* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. Fourth Amended and Restated Director Compensation Plan, dated as ofDecember 20, 2015, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2016. 10.19* Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (executed by the Registrant and each member of the Board of Directors) isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal yearended July 31, 1998. 10.20* Form of Indemnification Agreement (executed by the Registrant and each member of the Executive Officers) datedDecember 17, 2008 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2009. 10.21 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2010, by and among the Registrant, certain of itssubsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank and HSBC Business Credit (USA) Inc. is incorporated hereinby reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31,2010. 10.22 First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2011, and effective as of January 31, 2011, by and among the Registrant and certain of its subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., Silicon Valley Bank andHSBC Business Credit (USA) Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s QuarterlyReport for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2011. 10.23 Investment Agreement, dated February 11, 2013, between ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. and Steel PartnersHoldings, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filedon February 13, 2013. 10.24 Settlement Agreement, dated February 11, 2013, among ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., Handy & Harman, Ltd. andcertain of its affiliates party thereto is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2013. 10.25 Amendment No. 1 to Settlement Agreement, dated January 5, 2015, between ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. andHandy & Harman Ltd., is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-Kfiled on January 5, 2015. 10.26* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. FY2014 Executive Management Incentive Plan is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2013. 10.27* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. FY2014 Performance Based Restricted Stock Plan is incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2013. 10.28 Form of 5.25% Convertible Senior Note due 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed on March 18, 2014. 10.29 Credit Agreement by and among ModusLink Corporation and ModusLink PTS, Inc., certain subsidiaries thereof, andPNC Bank, National Association, dated as of June 30, 2014, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theRegistrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 7, 2014. 10.30* Management Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2015, by and between SP Corporate Services LLC andModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed on December 31, 2014. 10.31* Amendment to Management Services Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2015, by and between SP Corporate ServicesLLC and ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’sCurrent Report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2015. 10.32* Second Amendment to Management Services Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2016, by and between SPH Services,Inc. and ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’sQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on March 11, 2016. 88Table of Contents10.33* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. FY 2015 Management Incentive Plan, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2015. 10.34* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. FY 2015 Performance Based Restricted Stock Plan, is incorporated herein byreference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2015. 10.35* Transfer Agreement, dated March 10, 2016, by and between SPH Services, Inc. and ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc.is incorporated is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Qfor the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2016. 10.36* Offer Letter, dated April 13, 2016, by and among ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc., ModusLink Corporation andJames R. Henderson, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed April 18,2016. 10.37* Offer Letter, dated June 17, 2016, by and among the Company and Louis J. Belardi is incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 20, 2016. 10.38 Third Amendment to Management Services Agreement, effective as of September 1, 2017, by and between SteelServices Ltd. and ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theRegistrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 29, 2017. 10.39* ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. FY 2018 Management Incentive Plan, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.61 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on October 16, 2017. 10.40* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Granted Under 2010 Incentive Award Plan, is incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 5, 2017. 10.41 Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated October 5, 2017, between ModusLink Pte. Ltd. and Far East Group Limited, isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on March 15,2018. 10.42 Financing Agreement dated as of December 15, 2017, by and among IWCO Direct Holdings Inc., MLGS MergerCompany, Inc., Instant Web, LLC, certain subsidiaries of IWCO Direct Holdings Inc. identified on the signaturepages thereto, the lenders from time to time party hereto, and Cerberus Business Finance, LLC, as collateral agent andadministrative agent for the lenders, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2017. 10.43 Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 15, 2017, by and between ModusLink Global Solutions,Inc. and SPH Group Holdings LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s CurrentReport on Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2017. 10.44 Waiver and Amendment No. 1 to Financing Agreement, dated as of May 9, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2018. 10.45* Steel Connect, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award Plan, as amended, April 12, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 18, 2018. 10.46* Form of Award Agreement Granted Under 2010 Incentive Award Plan between the Company and each of Messrs.Lichtenstein, Howard and Fejes during the second quarter of the 2018 fiscal year, is incorporated herein by reference toExhibit 10.68 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 4, 2018. 10.47* Form of Restricted Stock Agreement Granted Under 2010 Incentive Award Plan entered into in connection with annualawards of restricted stock to directors pursuant to the Fourth Amended and Restated Director Compensation Plan isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.69 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 4,2018. 10.48 Form of 7.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2024 issued by Steel Connect, Inc. to SPH Group Holdings LLC., isincorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 28,2019. 89Table of Contents10.49* Retention Agreement, dated February 25, 2019 (effective March 1, 2019)between Steel Connect, Inc. and Louis J.Belardi, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed onMarch 5, 2019. 10.50 Second Amendment to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated asof April 30, 2019, by and among ModusLinkCorporation, ModusLink PTS, Inc., Modus Media International Documentation Services (Ireland), Limited, ModusMedia International (Ireland) Limited, SalesLink Mexico Holding Corp., Sol Holdings, Inc., and PNC Bank, NationalAssociation, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed onMay 5, 2019. 10.51++ Management Services Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2019, between Steel Services Ltd. and Steel Connect, Inc. 21** Subsidiaries of the Registrant. 23.1** Consent of BDO USA, LLP. 24.1** Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K). 31.1** Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2** Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002. 32.1‡ Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2‡ Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuantto Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101** Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Audited Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31,2019, (ii) Audited Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Twelve Months ended July 31, 2019, (iii) AuditedConsolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Twelve Months ended July 31, 2019 and (iv) Notes to AuditedConsolidated Financial Statements.___________________ *Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement filed in response to Item 15(a)(3) of the instructions to Form 10-K.** Filed herewith.‡ Furnished herewith.++ Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K. Item 601(b)(10). Suchomitted information is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.90Table of ContentsSIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on itsbehalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. STEEL CONNECT, INC. Date: October 15, 2019By: /S/ WARREN G. LICHTENSTEIN Warren G. Lichtenstein Interim Chief Executive OfficerPOWER OF ATTORNEYKNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints jointly and severally, Glen M.Kassan and Warren G. Lichtenstein, or either of them as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution,for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and ExchangeCommission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisiteand necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all thatsaid attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has executed this Power of Attorney as of the date indicated.Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities andon the dates indicated.Signature Title Date /S/ WARREN G. LICHTENSTEIN Interim Chief Executive Officer.Executive Chairman of the Board and Director October 15, 2019Warren G. Lichtenstein (Principal Executive Officer) /S/ LOUIS J. BELARDI Chief Financial Officer October 15, 2019Louis J. Belardi (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) /S/ JEFFREY J. FENTON Director October 15, 2019Jeffrey J. Fenton /S/ GLEN M. KASSAN Director October 15, 2019Glen M. Kassan /S/ PHILIP E. LENGYEL Director October 15, 2019Philip E. Lengyel /S/ JEFFREY S. WALD Director October 15, 2019Jeffrey S. Wald /S/ JACK L. HOWARD Director October 15, 2019Jack L. Howard /S/ WILLIAM T. FEJES, JR. Director October 15, 2019William T. Fejes, Jr. 91EXHIBIT 4.2Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 The following description of the common stock (the "Common Stock") of Steel Connect, Inc. (the “Company”) is only a summary of thematerial terms and provisions of the Common Stock and does not purport to be complete.This summary is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, asamended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and our Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the “Bylaws”), each of whichare incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which this description is also an exhibit.Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we may issue up to 1,400,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares ofpreferred stock, both having par value $0.01 per share. As of October 1, 2019, 61,805,856 shares of Common Stock were issued andoutstanding and 35,000 shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.Each holder of our Common Stock is entitled to:•one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, subject to the rights of any preferred stock that may beoutstanding;•dividends as may be declared by our board of directors (the “Board”) out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject tothe rights of any preferred stock that may be outstanding; and•a pro rata share in any distribution of our assets after payment or providing for the payment of liabilities and the liquidationpreference of any outstanding preferred stock in the event of liquidation.The Certificate of Incorporation requires the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the outstanding shares or capital stock of theCompany entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, to amend certain provisions of the Certificateof Incorporation and to approve certain business combinations.The Board has seven members (each a “Director”) and is currently divided into three classes. A class of Directors is elected eachyear for a three-year term. Holders of our Common Stock have no cumulative voting rights, redemption rights or preemptive rights topurchase or subscribe for any shares of our Common Stock or other securities. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paidand nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by,the rights of the holders of shares of any existing series of preferred stock and any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue inthe future. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Common Stock.1The transfer agent for our Common Stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.Protective AmendmentOn April 12, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State ofthe State of Delaware that includes a protective amendment designed to protect the tax benefits of the Company's net operating losscarryforwards (the “Protective Amendment”). The Protective Amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders on April 12, 2018.The Protective Amendment amended Article Seventh of the Certificate of Incorporation to include restrictions on certain transfers ofthe Common Stock in order to protect the long-term value to the Company of its accumulated net operating losses and other tax benefits. TheProtective Amendment’s transfer restrictions generally restrict any direct or indirect transfers of the Common Stock that increases the direct,indirect or constructive ownership of the Common Stock by any Person (as defined in the Protective Amendment) from less than 4.99% to4.99% or more of the Common Stock, or that increases the percentage of the Common Stock owned directly, indirectly or constructively by aPerson owning or deemed to own 4.99% or more of the Common Stock. Further, any direct or indirect transfer attempted in violation of theProtective Amendment will be void as of the date of the prohibited transfer as to the purported transferee.Tax Benefits Preservation Plan and Series D Preferred StockThe following description of rights is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety byreference to our Tax Benefits Preservation Plan and Certificate of Designation described below, each of which is incorporated by reference asan exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this exhibit is a part. We encourage you to read our Tax Benefits Preservation Planand Certificate of Designation for additional information.On January 19, 2018, the Board adopted a Tax Benefits Preservation Plan (the “Plan”) with American Stock Transfer & TrustCompany, LLC, as rights agent (the “Rights Agent”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, the Board declared a dividend distributionof one right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of Common Stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on January 29, 2018(the “Record Date”). Each Right is governed by the terms of the Plan and entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company a unitconsisting of one one-thousandth of a share (a “Unit”) of Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “SeriesD Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $20.00 per Unit, subject to adjustment (the “Purchase Price”). The Plan is intended to help protectthe Company’s ability to use its tax net operating losses and certain other tax assets (“Tax Benefits”) by deterring an “ownership change” asdefined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury Regulations thereunder (the “Code”).Exercise PeriodSubject to certain exceptions specified in the Plan, the Rights will separate from the Common Stock and a distribution date (the“Distribution Date”) will occur upon the earlier of (i) ten (10)2business days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an Acquiring Person, as definedbelow) has become a beneficial owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding (the “Stock Acquisition Date”)and (ii) ten (10) business days (or such later date as the Board shall determine) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchangeoffer that would result in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person.The definition of “Acquiring Person” contained in the Plan contains several exemptions, including for (i) the Company or any of itssubsidiaries; (ii) any employee benefit plan of the Company, or of any subsidiary of the Company, or any person or entity organized,appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan; (iii) any person who becomes a beneficial owner of4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding as a result of a reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock by theCompany or a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction, unless and until such person increases his ownership byany amount over such person’s lowest percentage stock ownership on or after the consummation of the relevant transaction; (iv) any personwho, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, was a beneficial owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock thenoutstanding on the date of the Plan or becomes a beneficial owner of 4.99% or more shares of Common Stock then outstanding as a result ofa transaction pursuant to which such person received the Prior Approval of the Company, unless and until such person and its affiliates andassociates increase their aggregate ownership by any amount over their lowest percentage stock ownership on or after the date of the Plan ordecrease their aggregate percentage stock ownership below 4.99%; (v) any person who, within ten (10) business days of being requested bythe Company to do so, certifies to the Company that such person became an Acquiring Person inadvertently or without knowledge of theterms of the Rights and who, together with all affiliates and associates, thereafter within ten (10) business days following such certificationdisposes of such number of shares of Common Stock so that it, together with all affiliates and associates, ceases to be an Acquiring Person;and (vi) any person that the Board has affirmatively determined shall not be deemed an Acquiring Person including as a result of anexemption request or a request for prior approval.The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire at the earliest of: (i) 11:59 p.m., New York City time, onJanuary 18, 2021; (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed or exchanged as provided in the Plan, and (iii) the time at which the Boarddetermines that the Plan is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of Tax Benefits.Flip-in TriggerIn the event that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person (unless the event causing suchperson or group to become an Acquiring Person is a transaction described under “Flip-over Trigger”, below), each holder of a Right willthereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, Common Stock (or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or other securities of theCompany) having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the occurrence of suchan event, all Rights that are, or (under certain circumstances specified in the Plan) were, beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person will benull and void. However, Rights are not exercisable following the occurrence of such an event until such time as the Rights are no longerredeemable by the Company as set forth below.Flip-over Trigger3In the event that, at any time following the Stock Acquisition Date, (i) the Company engages in a merger or other businesscombination transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation or (ii) the Company engages in a merger or other businesscombination transaction in which the Company is the surviving corporation and the Common Stock is changed or exchanged, each holder ofa Right (except Rights that have previously been voided as set forth above) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, commonstock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right. The events set forth in this paragraph and inthe next preceding paragraph are referred to as the “Triggering Events.”Exchange FeatureAt any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by such person or group of fifty percent (50%)or more of the Common Stock then outstanding, the Board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such person or groupwhich have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one (1) share of Common Stock, or one one-thousandth of a share ofSeries D Preferred Stock (or of a share of a class or series of the Company’s preferred stock having equivalent rights, preferences andprivileges), per Right (subject to adjustment).Redemption RightsAt any time until ten (10) business days following the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Rights inwhole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right (payable in cash, Common Stock or other consideration deemed appropriate by theBoard). Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering redemption of the Rights, the Rights will terminate and the only right of theholders of Rights will be to receive the $0.001 redemption price.Amendment of RightsAny of the provisions of the Plan may be amended by the Board prior to the Distribution Date. After the Distribution Date, theprovisions of the Plan may be amended by the Board in order to cure any ambiguity, to make changes that do not adversely affect theinterests of holders of Rights, or to shorten or lengthen any time period under the Plan. The foregoing notwithstanding, no amendment maybe made at such time as the Rights are not redeemable, except to cure any ambiguity or correct or supplement any provision contained in thePlan which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision therein.No Separate RightsUntil a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no separate rights as a stockholder of the Company, including theright to vote or to receive dividends in respect of the Rights.Series D Preferred Stock ProvisionsEach one one-thousandth of a share of Series D Preferred Stock, if issued: 4•will entitle the holder thereof to quarterly dividend payments of $0.001 or an amount equal to the dividend paid on one share ofCommon Stock, whichever is greater;•will, upon any liquidation of the Company, entitle the holder thereof to receive either $1.00 plus accrued and unpaid dividendsand distributions to the date of payment or an amount equal to the payment made on one share of Common Stock;•will have the same voting power as one share of Common Stock; and•will, if shares of Common Stock are exchanged via merger, consolidation or a similar transaction, entitle holders to a per sharepayment equal to the payment made on one share of Common Stock.On January 19, 2018, in connection with the adoption of the Plan, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Rights,Preferences and Privileges of Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State ofthe State of Delaware. The Certificate of Designation sets forth the rights, powers and preferences of the Series D Preferred Stock. Delaware LawDelaware law requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon to authorize certainextraordinary actions, such as mergers, consolidations, dissolutions of the corporation or an amendment to the certificate of incorporation ofthe corporation.5Certain information in this document, marked by [***], has been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(10). Suchomitted information is not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENTThis Management Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) is dated as of June 1, 2019 (the “Effective Date”) and is betweenSteel Services Ltd. (“Steel Services”), a Delaware corporation, having an office at 590 Madison Avenue, 32nd Floor, New York,New York 10022 and Steel Connect, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), having an office at 1601 Trapelo Road, Suite170, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451.WHEREAS, the Company desires to have Steel Services furnish certain services to the Company, as set forth on Exhibit Aattached hereto, as it may be amended from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof (the “Services”), and Steel Services has agreedto furnish the Services, pursuant to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. The Company has obtained all necessary approvalsunder its corporate governance documents for its entry into this Agreement.WHEREAS, a Special Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) comprised ofdisinterested directors approved this Agreement and recommended the Board’s approval, and a majority of the disinteresteddirectors of the Company has voted to approve this Agreement.NOW, THEREFORE, the parties therefore agree as follows:Section 1.Engagement of Steel Services1.01. During the term of this Agreement, Steel Services shall provide to the Company the Services by way of the non-exclusive services of persons designated by Steel Services to perform the Services in accordance with the terms and provisions ofthis Agreement (the “Designated Persons”), as described and defined on Exhibit A, as may be necessary or desirable or as may bereasonably requested or required in connection with the business, operations, and affairs (both ordinary and extraordinary) of theCompany and its subsidiaries and affiliates.1.02. In performing the Services, Steel Services shall be subject to the supervision and control of the Committee and shallreport to the Committee and/or such other person designated by the Committee (an “Authorized Person”) in accordance with suchprocedures as may be adopted by the Committee and Steel Services from time to time. Steel Services shall provide a quarterly reportto the Committee or the Authorized Person summarizing the Services provided in such detail as the Committee or such AuthorizedPerson and Steel Services shall mutually agree (each a “Quarterly Report”). Each Quarterly Report shall be due on or before the60th day following the expiration of the applicable fiscal quarter of the Company. Steel Services may1incur obligations or enter into transactions on behalf of the Company subject to any mutually agreed upon limits as established fromtime to time by the Committee and Steel Services.1.03. While the amount of time and personnel required for performance by Steel Services hereunder will necessarily varydepending upon the nature and type of Services, Steel Services shall devote such time and effort and make available such personnelas may from time to time reasonably be required for the performance of the Services hereunder and shall use its reasonable bestefforts to carry out the purposes of the Company and shall perform Services to the best of its abilities in a timely, competent andprofessional manner, in compliance with any laws relevant to such Services, in compliance with the Company’s policies, proceduresand controls provided by the Company to Steel Services in writing from time to time, and in compliance with such reasonabledirections as Steel Services’ officers, employees or representatives may receive from the Committee or from the Authorized Personor other designated representatives from time to time.1.04. Exhibit A may be amended from time to time to provide for additional Services, the elimination of certain Services,increases or decreases to the compensation paid hereunder, or other changes, upon the mutual agreement of the parties hereto.1.05. In the performance of Services, Steel Services will (i) assist and support the Company’s compliance with therequirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Sarbanes Oxley Act of2002 (the “SOA”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder (includingSection 404 of the SOA related to internal controls and Sections 302 and 906 of the SOA related to certifications) and any otherapplicable Federal or state securities law, and act in a manner consistent with regards thereto, and (ii) not cause the Company towillfully violate, any statue or regulation or any order, writ, judgment, or decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental authorityapplicable to the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Section 2. Term2.01. This Agreement shall commence effective as of the Effective Date and shall continue through December 31, 2019 andshall automatically renew for successive one (1) year periods (each such period, a “Term”) unless and until terminated by eitherparty in accordance with Section 2.02 below. If an involuntary or voluntary case or proceeding is commenced against or by theCompany under the United States Bankruptcy Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state statute, either party hereto mayterminate this Agreement upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other, subject to the payment by the Company of thetermination fee described in Section 2.02 below.2.02. This Agreement may be terminated (i) by either party, effective on the last day of the current Term, upon not less thanninety (90) days prior written notice to the other; (ii) by the Company, at any time, on less than ninety (90) days-notice; providedthat, in the case of (i) or (ii) the Company shall pay to Steel Services a termination fee equal to 125% of the fees due under thisAgreement, as calculated under Section 3, from, and including, such termination date until, and including, the 90th day following thedate of such termination; (iii) immediately upon the2bankruptcy or dissolution of Steel Services, (iv) promptly by the Company upon a material breach of this Agreement (provided SteelServices shall be provided notice of the breach and be provided a reasonable opportunity to cure during a period of no less than 90days); or (v) immediately by the Company for Cause (as reasonably determined by the Committee). For the purposes of thisAgreement, “Cause” shall mean, with respect to the termination of this Agreement, fraud, gross negligence, criminal conduct orwillful misconduct by Steel Services or any Designated Person, as applicable, or breach of fiduciary duty by any Designated Person,in connection with performing its or his or her respective duties hereunder, as reasonably determined by the Committee.2.03. In the event this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 2.02 above, Steel Services shall cease to performServices. If the termination of this Agreement takes effect on a day other than the end of a calendar month, monthly fees shall beprorated based on the number of days that Steel Services performed Services during such calendar month until termination.2.04. Steel Services shall promptly upon termination: (i) pay to the Company any money collected and held for the accountof the Company pursuant to this Agreement, after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to whichit is then entitled under Section 3; (ii) deliver to the Board all assets, books and records and documents of the Company then in thecustody of Steel Services; and (iii) cooperate with the Company to provide an orderly management transition, and the Companyshall pay Steel Services reasonable fees and expenses in connection therewith.Section 3. Payments to Steel Services3.01. In consideration of the Services furnished by Steel Services, the Company shall pay to Steel Services a fixed monthlyfee as set forth in Exhibit A in advance on the first day of each month, subject to equitable adjustment for any increased or decreasedcosts between fee periods, and which shall otherwise be adjusted upon agreement by the parties upon the amendment of Exhibit Apursuant to Section 1.04.3.02. In addition to the fixed monthly fee provided for in Section 3.01 hereof, the Company shall promptly reimburse SteelServices and its representatives for all reasonable expenses incurred in providing the Services, regardless of when incurred, whetherduring the term hereof or in the future, including, but not limited to: (i) any extraordinary or nonrecurring expenses, paid or incurredby Steel Services on behalf of or attributable to the Services provided to the Company during the term hereof or (ii) any expensesrelated to severance payments that are mutually agreed by the Committee and Steel Services.3.03. Steel Services shall, to the extent legally permissible, earn a reasonable success fee to be mutually agreed to by theparties for any acquisition, divestiture, or financing transaction completed by the Company during the term of this Agreement. [***]Section 4. Representations and Warranties of Steel Services.3Steel Services hereby makes the following representations and warranties on which the Company has relied inmaking the delegation set forth in this Agreement:4.01. Steel Services is a Delaware corporation, duly organized, validly existing and in a good standing under the laws of theState of Delaware and is duly qualified as a foreign company in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business makes suchqualification necessary, except where failure to be so qualified would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected tohave a material effect on Steel Services.4.02. Steel Services has all requisite power and Steel Services has authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement,and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of SteelServices.4.03. This Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Steel Services, enforceable against it inaccordance with its terms.4.04. The execution, delivery and performance by Steel Services or the Designated Persons of this Agreement does notviolate any provision of the governing documents of Steel Services, (ii) violate any statue or regulation or any order, writ, judgment,or decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental authority applicable to Steel Services or any of its assets or the DesignatedPersons, or (iii) violate or constitute, with or without notice or lapse of time, a default under any contract, agreement or otherundertaking to which Steel Services is a party.4.05. To the knowledge of Steel Services, there are no past or present actions, occurrences, conditions or circumstances thatcould reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Company’s ability to comply with the requirements of applicable Federal andstate securities laws or its control environment, in each case by reason of the entry by the Company into this Agreement or theprovision of Services by Steel Services.Section 5. Agents.5.01. Steel Services may delegate any or all the powers, rights and obligations under this Agreement and may appoint,employ, contract or otherwise deal with any person or entity (each, an “Agent”) in respect of the performance of Services. SteelServices may assign to any such Agent approved by the Committee or such Authorized Person the right to receive any fee orreimbursement of expenses as Steel Services would be entitled to receive under this Agreement.5.02. Steel Services shall supervise the activities of its Agents, and notwithstanding the designation of or delegation to anyAgent, Steel Services shall remain obligated to the Company for the proper performance of Services; provided, however, that SteelServices and the Company may enter into any agreement for indemnification pursuant to which an Agent may indemnify and holdharmless Steel Services and the Company, jointly and severally, from any liability to them arising by reason of the act or omissionof such Agent. Nothing contained herein shall affect or otherwise limit the indemnification obligations of Steel Services to theCompany as provided in Section 9.4Section 6. Records; Access6.01. Steel Services and its officers, employees and representatives, including the Designated Persons, in performance ofServices, shall have access to all accounting books, ledgers, receipts, business information, employee information, research,organizational structure information, data, computer programs and budget figures of the Company and its subsidiaries and any otherinformation of the Company and its subsidiaries related to the performance of Services by Steel Services, its officers, employees,and representatives, including the Designated Persons, whether or not considered material (the “Information”), and the Companyshall promptly make any such Information available to Steel Services upon its reasonable request.6.02. Steel Services covenants that during the term of this Agreement it will notify the Company of any change in SteelServices’ business, financial condition, results of operations or status that would reasonably be expected to have a material effect onthe provision of Services under this Agreement.6.03. In the event the Agreement is terminated, Steel Services will transfer (at no cost to Steel Services) any and allphysical and electronic records of the Company in a reasonable format specified by the Company and will make source codesowned or controlled by Steel Services available to the Company during a transition period of up to nine (9) months following thedate of termination.Section 7. Limitation on ActivitiesNotwithstanding any provision of this Agreement, Steel Services and its personnel shall not take any action which, in theirsole judgment made in good faith, would violate any law, rule, regulation or statement of policy of any governmental body oragency having jurisdiction over the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates, or otherwise not permitted by the Company’sCertificate of Incorporation or By-laws, as each may be amended from time to time, or policies and procedures, except if such actionshall be ordered in writing by the Committee following the affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the Committee presentat a properly called meeting of the Committee, in which case Steel Services or its personnel shall have no liability for acting inaccordance with the specific instructions of the Company so given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the officers, directors, members,employees, affiliates, consultants or agents of Steel Services shall not be liable to the Company or holders of its securities for any actor omission by Steel Services or any Designated Person, as applicable, taken or omitted to be taken in the performance of Servicesunder this Agreement except as provided in Section 9 of this Agreement.Section 8. Limitation on LiabilityTo the fullest extent permitted by law and as consistent with the Company’s By-laws and Certificate of Incorporation, aseach may be amended from time to time (the “Company’s Charter Documents”), Steel Services and its affiliates and its and theirofficers, directors, members, managers, employees, agents, consultants, successors and assigns shall not be liable to the Company,any affiliate thereof or any third party for any Claim (as defined in Section 9,5below), unless that act or omission constitutes gross negligence or willful misconduct. Further, Steel Services shall reasonably relyon information provided to it about the Company, if any, that is provided by the Company or the Company’s affiliates, employeesor agents. In no event shall Steel Services be liable for any error or inaccuracy of any report, computation or other information ordocument produced in accordance with this Agreement, for whose accuracy the Company assumes all responsibility, unlessresulting from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Steel Services or Steel Services’s officers, directors, employees oragents.Section 9. Indemnity and D&O InsuranceTo the fullest extent permitted by law and as consistent with the Company’s Charter Documents, the Company shall defend,indemnify, save and hold harmless Steel Services and its affiliates and its and their officers, directors, members, managers,employees, agents, consultants, successors and assigns (collectively, the “Indemnitees”) against any claims, liabilities, damages,losses, costs or expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromises and settlements, as fines andpenalties and legal or other costs and reasonable expenses of investigating or defending against any claim or alleged claim of anynature whatsoever resulting from the Indemnitees’ activities or services under this Agreement, including any activities or servicesrendered prior to the date hereof for the Company by the Indemnitees or any predecessor thereto (a “Claim”), except to the extentdirectly caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Indemnitees. At the written request of Steel Services and/or itsrepresentatives, the Company will advance to them the legal or other costs and reasonable expenses of investigating or defendingagainst any Claim in advance of the final disposition of such Claim. To the fullest extent permitted by law and as consistent with theCompany’s Charter Documents, the Company’s obligation to indemnify Steel Services hereunder shall extend to and inure to thebenefit of the Indemnitees. The Company shall cause each Indemnitee to be covered by the Company’s D&O insurance policyapplicable to other officers and directors and shall provide a letter of indemnity to any of the Indemnitees upon their request. If SteelServices or any Indemnitee should reasonably determine its interests are or may be adverse to the interests of the Company, SteelServices or such Indemnitee may retain one counsel of its own choosing in connection with such claim or alleged claim or action, inwhich case the Company shall be liable, to the extent permitted under this Section 9, to Steel Services or such Indemnitee for anyreasonable and documented legal, accounting or other directly related fees and expenses incurred by Steel Services or suchIndemnitee in connection with its investigating or defending such claim or alleged claim or action. In addition, none of theIndemnitees shall be liable to the Company or any third party for any special, consequential or exemplary damages (including lost oranticipated revenues or profits relating to the same) arising from any claim relating to this Agreement or any of the servicesprovided hereunder, whether such claim is based on warranty, contract, tort (including negligence or strict liability) or otherwise,even if an authorized representative of Steel Services is advised of the possibility or likelihood of the same.Section 10. Confidential Information610.01. Steel Services shall not at any time during or following the termination or expiration for any reason of thisAgreement, directly or indirectly, disclose, publish or divulge to any person (except where necessary in connection with thefurnishing of the Services under this Agreement), appropriate or use, or cause or permit any other person to appropriate or use, anyof the Company’s inventions, discoveries, improvements, trade secrets, copyrights or other proprietary, secret or confidentialinformation not then publicly available (“Confidential Information”).10.02. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.01 above, Steel Services or the Designated Persons or their agents maydisclose Confidential Information to Steel Services’ representatives or agents who (i) need to know such information to permit SteelServices and the Designated Persons to provide Services in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, (ii) are informed of theconfidential nature of the Confidential Information and (iii) agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Confidential Information.10.03. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.01 above, if Steel Services, the Designated Persons or any of SteelServices’ representatives are required to disclose any Confidential Information pursuant to applicable laws or regulations or by anysubpoena or similar legal process, Steel Services shall promptly notify the Company in writing of any such requirement, if legallypermissible, so that the Company may seek an appropriate protective order or other appropriate remedy or waive compliance withthe provisions of this Agreement. Steel Services shall, and shall direct its representatives (including the Designated Persons) to,reasonably cooperate with the Company (at the Company’s sole cost and expense) to obtain such a protective order or other remedyand if such order or other remedy is not obtained, or the Company waives compliance with the provisions of this Agreement, SteelServices, the Designated Persons or Steel Services’ representatives shall disclose only that portion of the Confidential Informationwhich they are advised by counsel that they are legally required to so disclose and will use good faith efforts to obtain reliableassurance that confidential treatment will be accorded the information so disclosed.10.04. Steel Services and the Designated Persons acknowledge that (i) they are aware and that Steel Services’representatives have been advised that (a) the Confidential Information may include material non-public information about theCompany and its subsidiaries and affiliates, and (b) the United States securities laws and securities law of other jurisdictions prohibitany person who has material non-public information about a company from purchasing or selling securities of such company on thebasis of such information or from otherwise misappropriating such material non-public information in breach of fiduciary duty orother relationship of trust and confidence, (ii) Steel Services has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of materialnon-public information and (iii) Steel Services, the Designated Persons and Steel Services’ representatives will handle such materialnon-public information in accordance with applicable laws, including Federal and state securities laws. Steel Services and itspersonnel, and the Designated Persons, shall comply with the Company’s policies regarding Confidential Information and insidertrading.7Section 11. Non-Exclusive Arrangement; Conflicts of Interest11.01. The Company acknowledges that Steel Services and its Affiliated Companies (as defined below) have in the pastand may from time to time in the future enter into agreements like this Agreement with other companies pursuant to which SteelServices may agree to provide services similar in nature to the Services being provided hereunder. The Company understands thatthe person or persons providing the Services hereunder may also provide similar or additional services to other companies, includingas officers and directors of such companies. In addition, to the extent business opportunities arise, the Company acknowledges thatSteel Services will be under no obligation to present such opportunity to the Company, and Steel Services may, in its sole discretion,present any such opportunity to whatever company it so chooses, or to none at all; provided, however, nothing contained herein shallaffect or otherwise limit the fiduciary obligations of the officers and directors of the Company.11.02. The Company, Steel Services and their respective Affiliated Companies (as defined below) recognize andacknowledge that as a result of Steel Services providing the Services pursuant to this Agreement the potential for conflicts of interestexist between and/or among Steel Services, Affiliated Companies of Steel Services, and the Company and the respective officersand directors of Steel Services and the Company, including but not limited to (i) that an Affiliated Company of Steel Services maybe a majority or significant stockholder of the Company, (ii) that directors, officers, members and/or employees of Steel Services orof Affiliated Companies of Steel Services may serve as directors and/or officers of the Company, (iii) that Steel Services andAffiliated Companies thereof may engage and are expected to continue to engage in the same, similar or related lines of business asthose in which the Company, directly or indirectly, may engage and/or other business activities that overlap with or compete withthose in which the Company, directly or indirectly, may engage, (iv) that Steel Services and Affiliated Companies thereof may havean interest in the same areas of corporate opportunity as the Company and Affiliated Companies thereof, and (v) that Steel Servicesand Affiliated Companies thereof may engage in material business transactions with the Company and Affiliated Companies thereof,including (without limitation) providing the Services to or being a significant supplier of the Company and Affiliated Companiesthereof. If a dispute arises from or relates to any such conflict of interest, and if the dispute cannot be settled through directdiscussions, the parties agree that any unresolved dispute shall be settled by arbitration administered by the American ArbitrationAssociation in accordance with its Commercial Arbitration Rules and the decision rendered by a single arbitrator shall be binding onthe parties.11.03. For purposes of this Agreement, “Affiliated Companies” shall mean in respect of Steel Services any entity which iscontrolled by Steel Services, controls Steel Services or is under common control with Steel Services (other than the Company andany entity that is controlled by the Company) and in respect of the Company shall mean any entity which is controlled by theCompany, controls the Company or is under common control with the Company (other than Steel Services and any entity that iscontrolled by Steel Services).811.04. The Company represents and warrants that all requisite approvals under the Company’s corporate governancedocuments necessary for the approval of this Agreement have been obtained.Section 12. Independence12.01. Except as specifically provided herein, none of the parties shall act or represent or hold itself out as having authorityto act as an agent or partner of any other party, or in any way bind or commit any other party to any obligations. Nothing containedin this Agreement shall be construed as creating a partnership, joint venture, agency, trust or other association of any kind, each partybeing individually responsible for its obligations set forth in this Agreement. Steel Services or its officers, employees andrepresentatives shall not have the authority to act for, bind, or otherwise commit the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates,and neither Steel Services nor any of its officers, employees or representatives shall hold itself or themselves out as having any suchauthority, except (i) the Designated Persons’ authority to act in their respective capacities provided hereunder and perform his or herduties in such capacity, and (ii) to the extent that such authority has been specifically granted to Steel Services or any of its officers,employees and representatives by the Committee or such Authorized Person.12.02. Neither party shall be responsible for the compensation, the withholding of taxes, workers compensation, employeebenefits or any other employer liability for the employees and agents of the other party. For the avoidance of doubt, no DesignatedPerson shall be entitled to receive compensation from the Company for the services provided in the respective capacities hereunderunless approved by the Board or the Committee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the parties acknowledge and agreethat Steel Services is an independent contractor and that none of Steel Services or the Designated Persons is an employee of theCompany. Steel Services or an Affiliated Company of Steel Services shall timely withhold and pay all taxes and file all reportsrequired by applicable law to be withheld, paid and filed for the Designated Persons.Section 13. General13.01. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto pertaining to the subject matter hereofand supersedes all prior representations and agreements, whether oral or written, including without limitation the January 1, 2015Management Services Agreement between SPH Services, Inc. and ModusLink Global Solutions, Inc. (as amended) (except to theextent of any rights accrued to Steel Services thereunder as at the Effective Date hereof), and cannot be modified, changed, waivedor terminated except by a writing signed by both of the parties hereto. No course of conduct or trade custom or usage shall in anyway be used to explain, modify, amend or otherwise construe this Agreement.13.02. All notices, requests, demands and other communications required or permitted under this Agreement shall be inwriting and shall be deemed to have been duly given if personally delivered, sent by nationally recognized overnight carrier, one dayafter being sent, or mailed by first class registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, five days after being sent, in any suchcase to the address of the respective party appearing in the Preamble hereto.913.03. This Agreement shall be construed under the laws of the State of New York and the parties hereby submit to thepersonal jurisdiction of any federal or state court located therein, and agree that jurisdiction shall rest exclusively therein, withoutgiving effect to the principles of conflict of laws.13.04. This Agreement may not be assigned by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties to thisAgreement; provided, however, Steel Services may assign this Agreement to one of its Affiliated Companies.13.05. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original butall of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail orother means of electronic transmission is deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of thisAgreement.13.06. Sections 3.02, 8, 9 and 10 shall survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement.The parties have duly executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.STEEL SERVICES LTD./s/ Douglas Woodworth By: Douglas WoodworthTitle: CFOSTEEL CONNECT, INC./s/ Louis J. Belardi By: Louis J. BelardiTitle: Chief Financial Officer10EXHIBIT AThe “Services” shall include providing the non-exclusive services of a person or people to serve in the following position orfunctions, and perform duties normally associated with that specific or substantially equivalent position or function for theCompany:LEGAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SAFETY• Board meetings• SEC and Nasdaq reporting• Financial transactions• Mergers and acquisitions• Contract review• Litigation management• Labor and employment• All other legal (intellectual property, etc.)• Compliance and risk management• Environmental, health and safety complianceFINANCE AND TREASURY• CFO services to direct external reporting• Financing evaluation and transactional support• Bank account rationalization and fee negotiations• Treasury workstation and credit card/procurement card evaluation• Insurance renewalsHUMAN RESOURCES• Retention, recruitment, compensation benchmarking andstandardization• Wellness programsLEAN• Lean leadership training• Kaizen event facilitation• Strategy deployment• Solution selling• Joint purchasing participationINTERNAL AUDIT• Support SOA implementation• Ongoing SOA testing and control deficiency remediation• Third party resource coordination• Audit software implementation and deploymentMERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS• Target sourcing and identification• Strategy and execution for sell-side process• Valuation analysis and deal structuring• End-to-end due diligence support and deal executionINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY• Security and audit• Systems administration• Licensing, procurement and hardware standards11The monthly fee for providing the Services shall be $282,800, paid in advance on the first day of the month.DESIGNATED KEY PERSONSChief Financial OfficerGeneral CounselHead of Lean LeadershipHead of Internal Audit Function12Exhibit 21SUBSIDIARIES OF STEEL CONNECT, INC. Name Jurisdiction of OrganizationCMG Securities Corporation MassachusettsCMG@Ventures, Inc. DelawareCMG@Ventures Capital Corp. DelawareCMG@Ventures Securities Corp. DelawareCMGI@Ventures IV, LLC Delaware@Ventures V, LLC DelawareIWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. DelawareInstant Web, LLC DelawareUnited Mailing, Inc. MinnesotaVictory Envelope, Inc. MinnesotaIWCO Direct New York, Inc. DelawareIWCO Direct North Carolina, Inc. MinnesotaIWCO Direct TWIN LLC DelawareModusLink PTS, Inc. DelawareModusLink Recovery LLC DelawareSalesLink LLC DelawareModusLink Securities Corporation DelawareModusLink Corporation DelawareModusLink Mexico S.A. de C.V. MexicoSol Holdings, Inc. DelawareSol Services Corporation, S.A. de C.V. MexicoSalesLink Mexico Holding Corp. DelawareSalesLink Servicios, S. de R.L. de C.V. MexicoModusLink Canada Inc. CanadaModusLink France S.A.S. FranceModusLink B.V. NetherlandsModusLink Czech Republic s.r.o. Czech RepublicModus Media International Documentation Services (Ireland) Limited DelawareModus Media International Leinster Unlimited British Virgin IslandsModus Media International (Ireland) Limited DelawareModus Media International Ireland (Holdings) IrelandModus Media International Dublin IrelandModusLink Kildare IrelandModusLink Services Europe IrelandLieboch Limited IrelandLogistix Holdings Europe Limited IrelandSalesLink Solutions International Ireland Limited IrelandModusLink Company Limited New ZealandModusLink Australia Pty Limited AustraliaModusLink Japan KK JapanModusLink Solution Services Pte. Ltd. SingaporeModusLink Pte. Ltd. SingaporeModusLink Software (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink Electronic Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink (Pudong) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink (Kunshan) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink (China) Co. Ltd. ChinaModuslink (Waigaoqiao) Co. Ltd. ChinaModusLink (Hong Kong) Pte. Ltd. ChinaModusLink Software Technology (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. ChinaModusLink (M) Sdn. Bhd MalaysiaOpen Channel Solutions Pty Limited AustraliaExhibit 23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmSteel Connect, Inc.Waltham, MassachusettsWe hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-93189, No. 333-52636, No. 333-75598, No. 333-84648,No. 333-90608, No. 333-121235, No. 333-131670, No. 333-164437, and No. 333-171285) of Steel Connect, Inc. of our reports dated October 15, 2019, relating tothe consolidated financial statements, and the effectiveness of Steel Connect, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019, which appear inthis Form 10-K. Our report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting expresses an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of Steel Connect,Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2019. /s/ BDO USA, LLPBoston, MassachusettsOctober 15, 2019Exhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a)AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Warren G. Lichtenstein, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Steel Connect, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly duringthe period in which this report is being prepared;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness ofthe disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’sinternal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting.Date: October 15, 2019 By:/S/ WARREN G. LICHTENSTEIN Warren G. Lichtenstein Interim Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)Exhibit 31.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a)AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Louis J. Belardi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Steel Connect, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make thestatements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects thefinancial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inExchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for theregistrant and have:(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly duringthe period in which this report is being prepared;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance withgenerally accepted accounting principles;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness ofthe disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’sinternal control over financial reporting; and5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to theregistrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likelyto adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control overfinancial reporting.Date: October 15, 2019 By:/S/ LOUIS J. BELARDI Louis J. Belardi Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Steel Connect, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Warren G. Lichtenstein, the Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuantto 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date: October 15, 2019 By:/S/ WARREN G. LICHTENSTEIN Warren G. Lichtenstein Interim Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)Exhibit 32.2CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Steel Connect, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities andExchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Louis J. Belardi, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.Date: October 15, 2019 By:/S/ LOUIS J. BELARDI Louis J. Belardi Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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