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Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

VISIT US: K12.com TALK WITH US: 866.968.7512 “K12 aligns with the hopes you have for your children—that they be prepared to do anything they want, without limitations. You feel like your kids can accomplish anything.” — Allison, K12 mom All four children in a K12 Network school Copyright © 2014 K12 Inc. All rights reserved. K12 is a registered trademark of K12 Inc. The K12 logo and other marks referenced herein are trademarks of K12 Inc. and its subsidiaries, and other marks are owned by third parties. K 1 2 2 0 1 4 A N N U A L R E P O R T Putting Students First K 12 2014 A N N UA L R E P O RT  “K12 is the best thing I’ve ever done for my education and my future. They were the first people to believe in me.” – Kelsey, K12 Student Executive Management Board of Directors Company Directory Nathaniel A. Davis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Timothy L. Murray President and Chief Operating Officer James J. Rhyu Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Howard D. Polsky Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Allison B. Cleveland Executive Vice President, School Management and Services Nathaniel A. Davis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, K12 Inc. Craig R. Barrett Retired Chairman and CEO, Intel Corporation Guillermo Bron Managing Director, Pine Brook Road Partners, LLC Fredda J. Cassell Retired Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Adam L. Cohn Partner, Knowledge Universe Charles C. Sullivan Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing & Enrollment Officer John M. Engler President, Business Roundtable James P. Donley Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer Steven B. Fink Deputy Chairman, Heron International Transfer Agent Registrar & Transfer Company 10 Commerce Drive Cranford, NJ 07016 800.368.5948 or 908.497.2300 Corporate website: rtco.com Independent Auditor BDO USA, LLP Bethesda, MD Legal Counsel Latham & Watkins, LLP Washington, DC Stock Exchange Listing Listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol LRN Annual Meeting The annual meeting of K12 Inc. stockholders will be held at the offices of Latham & Watkins, LLP Bryan W. Flood Senior Vice President, Public Affairs Margaret A. Jorgensen Senior Vice President, Chief Academic Officer Valerie A. Maddy Senior Vice President, Human Resources Peter G. Stewart Senior Vice President, School Development Mary H. Futrell Former Dean, Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University 555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20004 on Wednesday, December 17, 2014 at 10 AM (ET). Jon Q. Reynolds, Jr. General Partner, Technology Crossover Ventures Andrew H. Tisch Co-Chairman of the Board and Chairman of Executive Committee, Loews Corporation Investor Inquiries Michael S. Kraft Vice President, Investor Relations 571.353.7778 mkraft@K12.com Online Information For corporate reports and company news, visit K12.com. HIGHLIGHTS Fiscal year 2014 was an exceptional year for the Company. We increased revenues to $919.6 million, a growth rate of 8.4%. EBITDA* increased 11.0% to $123.6 million. RE V E N U E O PE R ATIN G IN COME* $919.6M $848.2M 1000 800 600 $384.5M 400 $708.4M $522.4M 200 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 $55.1M $45.7M $35.5M $29.0M $24.2M 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 E BIT DA* F RE E C A S H F LOW 150 120 90 60 30 0 $123.6M $111.4M $87.0M $67.1M $61.2M 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 $50.0M $18.2M $20.2M $3.9M 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 -$42.8M 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 *Operating Income and EBITDA for 2014 exclude the impact of the $32.2 million in charges relating to additional reserves, accelerated amortization, and severance costs incurred in the second quarter of FY2014. EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. See reconciliation of net income to EBITDA in Item 6, Selected Financial Data in our Form 10–K. 1  “ K12 Succeeds When Our Students Succeed” Right: Nathaniel Davis, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Left: Timothy Murray, President and Chief Operating Officer To Our Fellow Shareholders: We are pleased to report that K12’s fiscal year 2014 We are inspired by our people, the vast majority (FY2014) was a good year for our company, our of whom are experienced education professionals, partners, and our students around the world. and our school partners. Their dedication and talent K12 drove innovation by investing in new technologies, tools, and instructional programs that deliver engaging and effective learning experiences for all students. Our online and blended education programs and tools helped enable academic progress for thousands of students worldwide. The K12 mission is to maximize every child’s potential by providing access to an engaging, high-quality, individualized, and effective education, regardless of geographic location or socio-economic background. Executing on that mission is both an inspiration and a challenge. We are inspired by our leadership role in creating individualized online education opportunities for students of all achievement levels. Today, more than 2,000 U.S. public schools and school districts use K12’s courses and academic programs. In addition, we continue to expand in both public and private school markets globally. continued to produce improved academic outcomes and award-winning, online education products and services. Once again, K12’s quality and innovation were recognized by the industry’s most prestigious awards, including the Parents’ Choice, the EdTech Digest Cool Tool, and the Mom’s Choice. At the same time, the evolution in technology-based education is inherently challenging. Maintaining a leading-edge product suite, for example, requires continued investment, strategically balanced against profitability. Maintaining student performance at or above K12 and state education standards is a particular challenge given changes in our student demographics. This year, we continued to evolve our instructional approaches to better support those students. Operationally, we are meeting the challenge of creating greater efficiencies across our company to deliver strong financial performance. This year, we grew revenue at 8.4 percent, year-over-year, and more than doubled free cash flow. K12 2014 ANNUAL REPORTOur People K12 is a company of educators who share a culture of strong values and an intense focus on the academic achievement of every student. More than 70 percent of K12 employees have teaching or education industry experience and more than 6,000 state-certified teachers work in our partner schools. K12’s Early Success Positions It Well for Further Expansion in the UK The United Kingdom government has begun a significant reorganization of key components of its education system. The Erudition Schools The heads of K12 schools, our principals, our employees, Trust, in partnership with K12, has been granted and, of course, our teachers drive the K12 culture. Teachers are at the core of effective instruction. They readily give us feedback, telling us what works and what does not. We listen and provide or create the tools they identify as useful, best practices. This year, for example, K12 began deployment of a suite of workforce tools to better support their teaching roles and enable us to discern best practices across our teacher community. Our Culture: Dedicated and Data Driven The K12 team continues to build its school culture around a data-driven instruction platform. Starting with the end goal of what student success looks like, we continually analyze performance data to evaluate numerous metrics of learning and program efficacy. The result: an essential roadmap for creating the optimum online content, delivery, and student experience. This rigorous and lengthy approach to program development continues to be our primary area of investment. In FY2014, K12 invested more than $49 million in new instructional models, curricula, operational agreements for two schools formerly run by the government, as well as an alternative independent school. Longer term, the UK plans to reorganize hundreds of schools and grant Free School (Charter School) agreements to operate blended learning, technology-supported schools—both in the classroom and online. K12 is currently one of the few providers with the ability to support online education, continuing professional development for teachers, and blended classroom teaching and learning in the UK with quality content, system expertise, and online teacher management. K12 is using a classroom blended instructional model in the UK, combining the best of brick-and-mortar classroom instruction with its flagship individualized online learning. This is the only delivery model of technology-supported education fully recognized by the UK Department for Education at this time. assessments, and technology systems to create more Using the K12 “system” of education allows for family effective individualized learning capabilities. support of teaching and learning at home, lending Notably, our regional school leaders and educators led much of K12’s program development firsthand. We empower them to innovate new ways of improving academic outcomes; and we empower teachers to refine learning models for individual students and to plan more effectively. That is the power of being a company where most employees and affiliated teachers an added aspect to education which is of great interest to the UK government. The K12 model provides teachers greater freedom to plan and support diverse learners from advanced to at-risk students. Teachers use interactive whiteboards and laptops to teach online content, are career education professionals, from teachers which creates high levels of student engagement and special education professionals to public school and declining levels of negative distractions. principals and former superintendents. 3 K12 Career Pathways Meets Student and Market Demand for Skilled Workers Career and technical education is a industry certification. As an example, Students will have onsite interaction vital pathway for students who want our partner, Iowa Virtual Academy, with professionals and tutors in their to leave high school either equipped will be launching a blended learning chosen field. Graduates will receive with the skills to enter the workforce experience, leveraging both online both high school and college credit, or to pursue an advanced degree in a curriculum and onsite activities. Iowa in addition to a technical certification specific field. K12 is creating a unique Virtual Academy is supported by needed for employment. This will offering to support these students Northeast Iowa Community College, serve highly motivated students and and families, as well as to meet the Iowa Association of Business and address the needs of employers who market demand for skilled workers. Industry, and IowaWORKS Northeast project the need to fill 6,600 jobs with The K12 Career Pathways program integrates core course requirements with a series of electives that allow students to pursue a field of interest. Some of these pathways can lead to Iowa to deliver a unified program. qualified workers in the state over the K12’s industry-leading curriculum will next five years. provide introductory and high-level curriculum, and its online capabilities will support technical courses. We hope to support more of these innovative models in the years ahead. Our Online Education: Device Agnostic school communities. Moreover, it will give teachers K12 understands that the inherent nature of communication today is accessible content, anywhere, anytime. We believe our online education model is meeting that expectation. More and more, students want instant access to materials, and they want it on multiple devices. We continue to transition our academic content to be device agnostic, balancing our pace with the declining unit cost of content conversion. This year, we deployed new mobile course options, along with new content and capabilities, for all grade levels. Our ability to deliver a mobile-ready curriculum will further improve as we complete the transition of our learning management platform to a next-generation digital education system. This new K12 learning management platform will provide an industry-leading student experience and enable us to help address the challenges related to learner engagement, study habits, retention and performance. This platform is a major upgrade and provides yet another means of collaboration across greater insight into student academic health and deliver new audio and video tools for more interactive student feedback. We will begin trials in the upcoming fiscal year with initial roll out targeted for the fall of 2015. K12 Partners with Students and Families to Ensure Success K12 partnerships are fundamental to our success, and there is no greater partner than each individual student. Students perform best with strong teachers and family interaction. At the same time, we believe that, as students age, they should become more responsible for themselves; students need to be accountable and committed to working toward the level of academic performance each is capable of achieving. Ultimately, everything we do is in support of the individual student. This year, we expanded a number of student support programs across our partner schools. The K12 Strong Start and Family Academic Support Team programs create partnerships with K12 teachers, students and families to ensure early—and ongoing—engagement. K12 2014 ANNUAL REPORTTo be sure, the online education model is not for every students who are eligible for meal subsidies tend to student. Some need the structure of a traditional brick- academically underperform those who are not eligible. and-mortar classroom. The greater the commitment each Consequently, overall average academic performance student and their family has, the greater their level of for students at K12-managed public schools was academic progress and performance. generally below that of students at traditional schools. The Academic Challenge K12’s success is measured by our students’ academic success. We believe in performance transparency and accountability and, therefore, we publish an annual Academic Report with detailed findings. Perhaps the most notable finding in the 2014 report was something we already knew: simply, that the longer a student stays with K12, the better their academic performance. Results from both the Scantron Performance Series online-computerized adaptive test and the state annual assessments underscore that fact. Students enrolled in a K12-managed public school for three or more years achieved higher proficiency than students enrolled less than one year. On average, longer-term students scored higher on state annual assessment tests during the 2012–2013 school year. In fact, their scores were 17 percent higher in Reading, 19 percent higher in English Language Arts, and 22 percent higher in Mathematics. For the 2012–2013 school year, K12 students showed a higher proficiency in Reading (69 percent) than in either English Language Arts (66 percent) or Mathematics (47 percent). Proficiency equates to the percent of students above a state-specific cut score on each state’s annual assessment test. The cut score, in effect, constitutes the passing score on the test. Our biggest challenge to improving academic performance is the growing number of at-risk students enrolled in K12 programs. The 2014 Academic Report shows the percentage of K12 students eligible for free and reduced-price lunch has now risen to 63 percent, compared to 49 percent nationally. A higher percentage of these students and their parents are looking for choice and alternatives to traditional brick- and-mortar schools. Online education is becoming a clear alternative for them thanks to the individualized approach of K12 instruction. As is true across the nation, As a result, we continue to adapt our instructional model to help these students succeed. The 2014 Academic Report results show that we have made progress; however, our work is far from over. We will continue to implement and refine a comprehensive data-driven instructional program to deliver improved academic outcomes. Operational and Financial Performance Fiscal year 2014 financial and operational performance was solid. Revenue grew 8.4 percent year-over- year to $919.6 million. At the same time, K12 student enrollment grew less than expected at 4.8 percent. This was driven by a lower than expected conversion of admission applications into actual enrollments. To address the enrollment challenge, K12 began a three- phase program in FY2014 to improve the conversion of applications into actual enrollments for our schools. We expanded our communication program to increase awareness of K12 Virtual Academies; enhanced enrollment processes to provide a better application and admissions experience for families and to balance our workflow; and implemented tools to improve capacity planning, demand forecasting, and cohort tracking. We are building a marketing and enrollment process that can effectively attract students who are likely to thrive within a K12-managed school. 5 Going forward, growth will be fueled by expanding so that, in the future, families will have greater choice in our presence across the U.S. and around the world. K12 selecting a school option for their children. opened nine new schools in 2014. Notably, this includes three new charter schools in Florida, one of which is located in the eighth largest school district in the nation. In our institutional business, we made a significant shift in branding to support our go-to-market efforts. This business is now branded as Fuel Education or FuelEd We expanded our presence in Michigan with a new for short. FuelEd addresses the growing demand from K12-managed public school, which will serve at-risk schools and school districts for a blended education students across the state. The school will have a first- model that integrates online courses with traditional year capacity of 2,500 students; by year three, that brick-and-mortar instruction. The scalability of the K12 capacity will have grown to 10,000 students. FuelEd model allows schools to more effectively serve students of all learning abilities, with online full- or In Pennsylvania, a new blended instruction charter school for students who have not been able to finish their high school education is opening for the 2014–2015 school year. Students can earn a high school diploma through a unique personalized learning experience that combines online coursework with classroom instruction. K12 Inc. Celebrates Record Number of Graduates In June, 2014 more than 6,000 high school students K12 also launched a statewide online public charter school graduated from online and blended schools using in Oklahoma to serve academically at-risk students. In addition, this school will offer the K12 Career Pathways program to provide an academic pathway based on the national Career Cluster model for students who wish to pursue specific career interests and capabilities. K12’s strategy to offer innovative school programs tailored to the needs of local employers meets both student and market demands. This year, we are opening a school focused on career and technical education in Idaho. This school will offer students exposure to a series of career pathways, including course work, opportunities to achieve industry certifications, and internships. We expect the K12 Career Pathways program to attract more students who have an innate motivation to engage. We the award-winning K12 education program. The high level of academic performance for the K12 class of 2014 earned graduates millions of dollars in academic scholarships and acceptance to some of the nation’s top colleges and universities. This represents a 50% increase over the 4,000 students who graduated in 2013. In partnership with school districts and charter schools, K12 operates online and blended public schools in over 30 states. K12 also operates accredited online private schools serving students in the U.S. and more than 100 countries. By believe this will translate into improved retention rates, connecting students to their teachers using academic outcomes, and overall graduation rates. powerful technology, online schools offer students We will continue to explore innovative pathways to deliver education that reaches students who might otherwise be either under-served or not served at all. K12 is working with states that do not yet offer a virtual education option access to a full-time, full-service school option where students can learn at home, on their own time, and at their own pace. K12 2014 ANNUAL REPORTpart-time programs, summer courses and remediation or acceleration programs. Notably, FuelEd also allows districts to offer a broad range of virtual courses they cannot afford to staff. FuelEd is one of the ways K12 is participating in the growth of online education in traditional public schools across the United States. K12 also continued its global expansion, growing our presence in the United Kingdom (UK) from one to three schools. The UK program uses a blended model that K12 Innovation and Quality Recognized Industry Wide There is no better validation of the K12 vision and talent than peer and industry recognition. Once again, K12’s online education solutions were recognized with the industry’s most creates an individualized online learning environment prestigious awards in a traditional school setting. This method is the only delivery model of technology-supported education fully recognized by the UK Department for Education. Over time, we anticipate additional opportunities through this growing partnership. This is an exciting time for K12 and for education worldwide. K12 is synonymous with innovation, and we will always strive to be at the forefront of digital learning. Our ability to cost effectively scale K12’s online and blended learning programs enables our partner schools to meet demand and effectively provide choice for families across the nation and internationally. This choice has profound and positive economic implications, particularly as America’s diverse student populations enter a highly competitive and global workforce. Winner, 2014 Parents’ Choice Approved Award (website) – EmbarK12TM Online – NoodleverseTM Winner, 2014 Parents’ Choice Recommended Award (mobile app) – Timed Reading and Comprehension Practice Winner, 2014 Mom’s Choice Silver Award – EmbarK12 Online – Noodleverse – Choc It Up Most importantly, K12 educational programs and tools Finalist, 2014 Software Information and Industry are providing opportunity for success to students across Association (SIIA) CODiE™ Award for Best the learning ability spectrum—from high achievers to at-risk students and everyone in between. Cross-Curricular Product: – EmbarK12TM Comprehensive We are proud of K12’s achievements this year, made possible by the talent and dedication of our people and our partners. We are equally proud of our role in educating students. It is—and will always be—the primary inspiration and challenge that drives our company. Sincerely, Nathaniel (Nate) A. Davis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Timothy L. Murray President and Chief Operating Officer Finalist, 2014 AAP REVERE Distinguished Achievement Awards – Algebra I Generation 2 – Forensic Science Finalist, 2014 EdTech Digest Cool Tools – Algebra I Generation 2 (Math) – Choc It Up (mobile app) – Forensic Science (STEM) 7 K12 PRODUCES RESULTS Satisfaction Ratings 92% of K12 parents say their student has benefited academically from the K12 curriculum 1 93% of high school senior students say they have benefited academically from the K12 curriculum 3 91% 90 % of K12 parents say the curriculum has helped the student to prepare for future success 2 of K12 parents say that they are satisfied with their student’s teachers 4 K12 Students Are Socially Engaged 98 % of K12 elementary virtual school students rate their ability to make friends as being better or unchanged since becoming a K12 student 5 Popular K12 Student activities include: 6 Church/Youth Group 44% Performance/Visual Arts 36% Volunteering/ Scouting 30% Sports 22% 1,2,4 K–8 and High School Parent Satisfaction surveys for K12 public schools conducted by Penn Schoen Berland, spring 2014 3 High School Senior survey for K12 public schools, May 2014 5 IESD: Evaluation of the Social Skills of Full-Time, Online Public School Students in grades 2,4,6, May 2009 6 K12 2013 National Programs survey, grades K–12 K12 CONGRATULATES THE CLASS OF 2014 More than 6,000 students graduated from K12 partner schools in 2014—a record number for K12. SELECTIVE LIST OF COLLEGES K12 GRADUATES ARE ATTENDING IN 2014 American University Bowling Green State University Colorado State University Dartmouth College Drexel University Duke University Georgia State University Harvard University The Juilliard School Kent State University Miami Unversity New York University Penn State Rutgers University School of the Art Institute of Chicago Temple University Texas A&M University The Ohio State University University of California Berkeley University of California Los Angeles University of Georgia University of Michigan University of Notre Dame University of South Carolina University of Texas at Austin K12 2014 ANNUAL REPORTFORM 10–K UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (cid:1) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (cid:2) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 For the transition period from to a Commission file number 001-33883 K12 Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 2300 Corporate Park Drive Herndon, VA 20171 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class 95-4774688 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) (703) 483-7000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.0001 par value New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:1) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes (cid:2) No (cid:1) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:1) No (cid:2) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes (cid:1) No (cid:2) Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (cid:1) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of ‘‘large accelerated filer,’’ ‘‘accelerated filer’’ and ‘‘smaller reporting company’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer (cid:2) Smaller reporting company (cid:2) Accelerated filer (cid:1) Non-accelerated filer (cid:2) (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes (cid:2) No (cid:1) The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 2013 was approximately $561,372,000. Aggregate market value excludes an aggregate of approximately 15,017,000 shares of common stock held by officers and directors and by each person known by the registrant to own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock on such date. Exclusion of shares held by any of these persons should not be construed to indicate that such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the registrant, or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant. The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of August 11, 2014 was 38,411,114. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2014 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I ITEM 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 2. Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 3. Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 4 PART II ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 8. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial ITEM 9. Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PART III ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. PART IV Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence . . . . . . . Principal Accounting Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX TO EXHIBITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX-4.6 EX-21.1 EX-23.1 EX-31.1 EX-31.2 EX-32.1 EX-32.2 101.INS 101. SCH 101. CAL 101. LAB 101. PRE 101. DEF K12 Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan Subsidiaries of Registrant Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Certification of Principal Executive Officer Certification of Principal Financial Officer Certification of Principal Executive Officer Certification of Principal Financial Officer XBRL Instance Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition 5 35 53 53 53 53 54 57 60 82 83 121 121 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 127 2 CERTAIN DEFINITIONS Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the ‘‘Annual Report’’) to ‘‘K12,’’ ‘‘K12,’’ ‘‘Company,’’ ‘‘we,’’ ‘‘our’’ and ‘‘us’’ refer to K12 Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these forward-looking statements using words such as ‘‘anticipates,’’ ‘‘believes,’’ ‘‘estimates,’’ ‘‘continues,’’ ‘‘likely,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘opportunity,’’ ‘‘potential,’’ ‘‘projects,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘expects,’’ ‘‘plans,’’ ‘‘intends’’ and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements, whether in the negative or the affirmative. These statements reflect our current beliefs and are based upon information currently available to us. Accordingly, such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such statements. These risks, uncertainties, factors and contingencies include, but are not limited to: (cid:127) reduction of per pupil funding amounts at the schools we serve; (cid:127) inability to achieve sufficient level of new enrollments to sustain and grow our business model; (cid:127) failure of the schools we serve or us to comply with regulations resulting in a loss of funding or an obligation to repay funds previously received; (cid:127) declines or variations in academic performance outcomes as curriculum and testing standards evolve; (cid:127) harm to our reputation resulting from poor performance or misconduct by operators or us in any school in our industry and in any school in which we operate; (cid:127) legal and regulatory challenges from opponents of virtual public education or for-profit education companies; (cid:127) discrepancies in interpretation of legislation by regulatory agencies that may lead to payment or funding disputes; (cid:127) termination of our contracts with schools due to a loss of authorizing charter; (cid:127) failure to enter into new school contracts or renew existing contracts, in part or in their entirety; (cid:127) unsuccessful integration of mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures; (cid:127) failure to further develop, maintain and enhance our technology, products, services and brands; (cid:127) inadequate recruiting, training and retention of effective teachers and employees; (cid:127) infringement of our intellectual property; (cid:127) non-compliance with laws and regulations related to operating schools in a foreign jurisdiction; and (cid:127) entry of new competitors with superior competitive technologies and lower prices. Forward-looking statements reflect our management’s expectations or predictions of future conditions, events or results based on various assumptions and management’s estimates of trends and economic factors in the markets in which we are active, as well as our business plans. They are not guarantees of future performance. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and financial conditions may differ, possibly materially, from the 3 anticipated results and financial conditions indicated in these forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. A discussion of factors that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward- looking statements appears in ‘‘Part 1—Item 1A—Risk Factors.’’ Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements in this Annual Report or that we make from time to time, and to consider carefully the factors discussed in ‘‘Part 1—Item 1A—Risk Factors’’ of this Annual Report in evaluating these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 4 ITEM 1. BUSINESS Company Overview PART I We are a technology-based education company. We offer proprietary curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students primarily in kindergarten through 12th grade, or K-12. Our mission is to maximize a child’s potential by providing access to an engaging and effective education, regardless of geographic location or socio-economic background. We provide a continuum of technology-based educational products and solutions to public school districts, public schools, charter schools, private schools and families as we strive to transform a student’s learning experience into one that delivers individualized education on a highly scalable basis. In 2013, AdvancEd, a non-profit nationwide accreditation agency for schools and school systems, renewed its five year quality assurance accreditation of the Company. As an innovator in K-12 online education, we believe we have attained distinctive core competencies that allow us to meet the varied needs of our school customers and students. These core competencies include our ability to create engaging curriculum, train teachers to be effective in online instruction, provide turn-key management services to online schools, customize online learning programs for school districts, develop innovative new offerings, and assist legislators and policy makers in understanding the many benefits of online learning to complement and transform traditional schools. These strengths enable us to provide a unique set of products and services primarily to three lines of business that share many common attributes, including curriculum, learning systems, management expertise, logistical systems and marketing. These businesses are: Managed Public Schools (turn-key management services sold to public schools), Institutional Sales (educational products and services sold to school districts, public schools and other educational institutions that we do not manage), and International and Private Pay Schools (private schools for which we charge student tuition and make direct consumer sales). Managed Public Schools Institutional Sales International and Private Pay Schools (cid:127) Virtual public schools (cid:127) Blended public schools —Hybrid schools —Flex schools —Passport schools (cid:127) K12 curriculum (cid:127) FuelEd Online Courses (cid:127) FuelEd Anywhere Learning System (cid:127) Middlebury Interactive Languages (cid:127) Pre-kindergarten (cid:127) Managed private schools —K12 International Academy —George Washington University Online HS —The Keystone School (cid:127) Independent course sales (Consumer) (cid:127) Managed Public Schools Virtual Public Schools. In full-time virtual managed public schools, students receive online lessons over the Internet, utilize offline learning materials that we supply, and receive instruction from state certified teachers. In addition to providing our course catalog, course materials and, in certain cases, student computers, we also offer these schools a variety of management, technology and academic support services. The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term service agreements with the governing authorities of the virtual public schools that we manage. Blended Public Schools. In addition to providing services to full-time virtual public schools, we also sell our products and services to blended public schools that combine online and face-to-face instruction in many different arrangements with varying amounts of time spent in a physical learning center. For both virtual and blended managed public schools, the governing authority with control over the schools negotiates contractual terms with us for all aspects of the management of the schools, including monitoring academic achievement, teacher recruitment and training, student enrollment and marketing, compensation recommendations for school personnel, financial management, procurement of curriculum, computers and other required services and equipment. The scope of 5 services we provide varies in accordance with applicable state regulations and each governing authority’s policies. Funding is provided primarily by state governments. For the 2013-14 school year, we provided turn-key management services to managed public schools in 33 states and the District of Columbia. (cid:127) Institutional Sales. We work closely as partners with a growing number of school districts and individual schools, enabling them to offer their students an array of online education solutions, including full-time virtual and blended programs, semester courses and supplemental solutions. In addition to curriculum, systems and programs, we also provide teacher training, teaching services and other support services. These institutions include public schools, school districts, private schools, charter schools and early childhood learning centers. Additionally, we operate a joint venture with Middlebury College, known as Middlebury Interactive Languages LLC (‘‘MIL’’), to develop and market online foreign language courses. For the 2013-14 school year, we served school districts or individual schools in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, including those where the regulatory environment restricts or prohibits statewide online programs. (cid:127) International and Private Pay Schools. We operate three online private schools: The K12 International Academy, the George Washington University Online High School and the Keystone School. We also have entered into agreements which enable us to distribute our products and services to students from more than 100 countries. We pursue international opportunities where we believe there is significant demand for a quality online education. Our principal customers are expatriate families and foreign students who wish to study in English, as well as U.S. students who reside in states where the online public school option is not available. Additionally, our curriculum is sold to end user customers who desire to educate their children outside of the traditional school system or to supplement their child’s traditional education. We continue to make significant capital investments in our infrastructure, including: (i) the ongoing development and enhancement of our content and learning management systems; (ii) corporate and school infrastructure to improve scalability, increase security, and attain cost savings; and (iii) conversion of interactive instructional products to enable delivery through tablets and mobile devices. Our History We were founded in 2000 to utilize advances in technology to provide children with access to a high-quality public school education regardless of their geographic location or socioeconomic background. Given the geographic flexibility of technology-based education, we believed that the pursuit of this mission could help address the growing concerns regarding the regionalized disparity in the quality of public school education, both in the United States and abroad. The convergence of these factors and rapid advances in Internet networks created the opportunity to make a significant impact by deploying online learning software and systems on a flexible, online platform. In September 2001, we introduced our kindergarten through 2nd grade offering. We launched our initial online learning system in virtual public schools in Pennsylvania and Colorado, serving approximately 900 students in the two states combined. We subsequently added new grades and new schools in additional states. We have also launched blended public schools that combine face-to-face time in the classroom with online instruction and opened an online private school to reach students worldwide. In school year 2013-14, we managed public schools in 33 states and the District of Columbia, specifically: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey (Flex School only), New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, 6 Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming. We also serve schools in all 50 states through our Institutional Sales business. Our Market The U.S. market for K-12 education is large and online learning is gaining greater acceptance. For example: (cid:127) According to the National Center for Education Statistics (‘‘NCES’’), a division of the U.S. Department of Education, approximately 48 million students were expected to attend K-12 public schools in the fall of 2013. Nearly five million students were expected to enroll in private schools in the fall of 2012. In addition, according to a report by National Home Education Research Institute, approximately two million students were home schooled in 2011. Many of these students took an online course and a small percentage enrolled in a full-time online program. As of 2013, six states mandated the completion of an online course prior to high school graduation (Keeping Pace Report, 2013). Multi-district fully online schools served an estimated 310,000 students in 30 states during the 2012-13 school year. (cid:127) According to the NCES, the public school system alone encompassed more than 98,800 schools and approximately 13,600 districts during the 2011-12 school year. (cid:127) The NCES estimates that total spending in the K-12 market was projected to be $563 billion for the 2012-13 school year, and that public school spending will increase by 24 percent, to $699 billion, by 2022-23. (cid:127) According to the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (‘‘iNACOL’’), in 2013, all 50 states had established a significant form of online learning initiative. In addition, according to iNACOL, 1.82 million K-12 students participated in a formal online learning program. Many parents and educators are seeking alternatives to traditional classroom-based education for a variety of reasons. Demand for these alternatives is evident in the expanding number of choices available to parents and students. For example, public charter schools emerged in 1988 to provide an alternative to traditional public schools and, according to the Center for Education Reform, have grown by 245% since 2001. As of July 2014, more than 1 million students are on waiting lists to attend a charter school, and there are over 6,000 public charter schools operating in 42 states and the District of Columbia with an estimated enrollment of over 2.1 million students. Similarly, acceptance of online learning initiatives, including not only virtual and blended public schools, but also online courses, credit recovery, remediation, testing and Internet-based professional development, has continued to grow. Districts are also rapidly adopting online learning to expand course offerings, provide schedule flexibility, increase graduation rates and lower the cost to deliver education. Demand for Education Alternatives: The Market Opportunity and the K12 Solutions As evidenced by the varying options being utilized by K-12 students, no single educational model works equally well for all students. Children today utilize technology in all aspects of their lives, and we expect them to extend their use of technology to their educational needs and choices. Our business is modeled on the premise that every student has the right to an education that is individualized and available anywhere at any time. We also believe all students can benefit from more rigorous and engaging content. We anticipate that full-time virtual schools will meet the needs of a small percentage of the overall K-12 student population, but do represent and will continue to represent a large and growing opportunity in absolute terms. Across our educational programs, families come from a broad range of social, economic and academic backgrounds. They share the desire for individualized instruction to maximize their children’s potential. Examples of students for whom this solution fits include, but are not limited to, families with: (i) students seeking to learn at their own pace; (ii) students with safety, social and health 7 concerns about their local school; (iii) students with disabilities who are underserved in traditional classrooms; (iv) students for whom the local public school is not meeting their needs; (v) students who seek more flexibility than traditional brick and mortar schools can provide, such as student-athletes and performers who are not able to attend regularly-scheduled classes; (vi) college-bound students who want to bolster their college readiness and application appeal by taking additional Advanced Placement, honors and/or elective courses; (vii) students seeking career and technical skills; (viii) high school dropouts; and (ix) students of military families who desire high quality, consistent education across moves. Our individualized learning approach allows students to optimize their educational experience and, therefore, their chances of achieving their goals. The public online and blended schools we manage, which generated the majority of our revenue (approximately 88% in fiscal 2014), serve this demand. Most students in the United States will continue to be educated in school buildings and classrooms. However we also believe that the academic benefits for certain student segments, combined with the significant savings for taxpayers, will continue to drive states and districts to incorporate online solutions into their school-based programs. One of the challenges traditional schools continue to face is adoption of technology and innovative new learning devices. We offer a complete solution for districts and schools that need a turn-key option and also offer, in our Institutional Sales business, online curriculum and services on a solutions-oriented, individualized basis for those customers who need less than a full-service offering. We believe this range of options creates the opportunity for us to serve the majority of students who will learn within school buildings. Therefore, we continue to invest significant resources, organically and through licensing or acquisitions, in developing product offerings that afford us the flexibility to serve different types of customers with varying value propositions and price points that are adaptable to an institution’s capabilities and needs. Moreover, we have and will continue to pursue selected markets outside the United States where we believe our curricula can address local market needs. We believe that our core competencies, coupled with the substantial investments we have made in our infrastructure and our prior strategic acquisitions and partnerships, position us to offer educational resources for all types of students. Regardless of whether a student chooses to remain in a classroom or seeks an alternative educational setting, attends public or private school, lives in the United States or abroad, wants to take online classes on a full or part-time basis or is an advanced or remedial student, our products and services offer students expanded educational opportunities. Our Business Lines Managed Public Schools Virtual Public Schools The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term service agreements with the governing authorities of the virtual public schools we serve. In addition to a comprehensive course catalog, related books and physical materials and, in certain cases, student computers, we also offer these schools a variety of management, technology and academic support services. In full-time virtual managed public schools, students receive online lessons over the Internet and utilize offline learning materials we provide. Students receive assignments, complete lessons, and obtain instruction from certified teachers with whom they interact online, telephonically, in virtual classroom environments, and sometimes face-to-face. For parents who believe their child is not thriving in their current public school or for students and families who require time or location flexibility in their schooling, virtual and blended public schools can provide a compelling choice. Students are also provided the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of school activities, including outings and clubs. In addition to school-level activities, we sponsor a wide variety of extracurricular activities on a national basis, such as clubs, contests and college and career planning sessions. 8 K12 managed schools (often named virtual academies) serve K-8 or K-12 students, principally utilize the K12 curriculum and attract both mainstream and academically at-risk students. In addition to these virtual academies, we manage Insight schools, which serve middle school and high school students, typically utilize our Fuel Education (‘‘FuelEd’’) curriculum, and tend to focus on academically at-risk students. We also serve iQ Academies, which are for middle school and high school students, primarily utilize the FuelEd curriculum, and generally are only partially managed by K12. Typically, responsibility for the academic program and regulatory compliance of the iQ Academies rests with their host school or school district. Blended Public Schools In addition to our full-time virtual public schools, we also manage and sell our products and services to blended public schools, which are public schools that combine online and face-to-face instruction for students in a variety of ways with varying amounts of time spent in a physical learning center. For the 2013-14 school year, we managed blended public schools in California, Illinois, Indiana and New Jersey. In contrast to a typical brick and mortar public school, blended public schools can provide a greater selection of available courses, increased opportunities for self-paced, individualized instruction and greater scheduling flexibility. We manage three types of blended public schools—hybrid schools, Flex schools and Passport schools. These blended schools bring students and teachers physically together more often than a purely online program. In the hybrid schools we manage, such as the Chicago Virtual Charter School, students attend a learning center on a part-time basis, where they receive face-to-face instruction, in addition to their online virtual curriculum and instruction. Our Flex school model is a unique blended school model, where middle and high school students attend a learning center five full days a week and access and engage in their individualized online lessons in an open study lab while receiving face-to-face direct instruction in areas of particular need from onsite, state certified teachers. Flex schools leverage many of the capabilities of a virtual school with the advantages of a physical school environment. One example of this model is the Silicon Valley Flex School in California. Another type of blended school option is the Passport school which utilizes a similar instructional model as a Flex school but is especially designed for academically at-risk students, particularly those who have previously dropped out of high school, and therefore includes more counseling and support services. Due to the reality that many Passport students have work and/or child care responsibilities, most students spend half of each day on-site, working on-line and face to face with teachers, and complete the remainder of their daily work away from the learning center. The Hill House Passport Academy, opening in the fall of 2014 in Pennsylvania, is an example of a Passport school. Institutional Sales Public schools and school districts are increasingly adopting online solutions to cost-effectively expand course offerings, provide schedule flexibility, improve student engagement, increase graduation rates, replace textbooks and retain students. To address these growing needs, we provide curriculum and technology solutions, packaged in a portfolio of flexible learning and delivery models mapped to specific student and/or district needs. This portfolio provides a continuum of delivery models, from full and part-time virtual, to blended learning and other options that can be used in traditional classrooms to differentiate instruction. Our catalog contains solutions to address specific student needs, including Advanced Placement, honors, world languages, remediation, credit recovery, alternative education, career and technology electives and college readiness. In connection with these solutions, we also offer highly qualified state-certified teachers, professional development and other support services as needed by our customers. 9 The goal of the Institutional Sales business is to partner with schools and public school districts to provide more options and better tools to empower teachers to improve student achievement through personalized learning. Our FuelEd suite of offerings has grown and includes K12 curriculum, FuelEd Online Courses, FuelEd Anywhere Learning Systems (‘‘ALS’’) and Middlebury Interactive Languages curriculum. FuelEd’s extensive catalog of online curricula includes full-time school programs, individual online courses, credit recovery courses, world languages and prescriptive learning and remediation curriculum and also offers a full range of professional development options including teachers trained in online instruction methods, support materials, and training for school personnel. Beyond an array of online learning solutions, we offer a platform called Personalize, Engage and Achieve (‘‘PEAK’’), designed to centrally manage multiple online solutions across a school or district through one application. PEAK enables teachers and administrators to personalize online learning solutions for their students by leveraging all curricula across all supported solutions. PEAK currently supports the majority of the K12 curriculum portfolio and has the capability to support other third-party solutions, open educational resources and district and teacher-created content. For students, teachers and administrators, PEAK eliminates the complexity of managing multiple accounts and roles and will provide a consistent online environment for full-time, credit recovery, world languages classes or blended classroom programs. We believe increasing ease-of-use for administrators and teachers is a critical factor in improving student support and therefore, improving student outcomes. PEAK addresses this need by serving all of the online instructional needs of a school or district in an integrated, data-driven manner. We have continued to expand our direct and indirect sales network and have provided nearly all sales representatives with the ability to sell all solutions in the K12 portfolio, including the original K12 solutions as well as the FuelEd and MIL foreign language product lines. We have also expanded our customer services team to support our growing relationships and employ teachers across the United States to serve students and train school administrators and teachers. For the 2013-14 school year, we served school districts or individual schools in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in our Institutional Business, including those where the legal framework restricts or prohibits state-wide online public school programs. Based upon school districts’ and academic administrators’ growing acceptance of online learning and desire for cost efficient, integrated and flexible educational solutions, we believe that the direct-to-district distribution channel offers further significant growth potential. International and Private Pay Schools We operate a variety of private schools that meet the needs of students ranging from simple correspondence courses to challenging college preparatory programs. Beyond our business in the United States, we are pursuing international opportunities where we believe there is significant demand for a quality online education. Our international customers are typically expatriate families and foreign students who desire a U.S. high school diploma and wish to study in English. For the 2013-14 school year, we served students in more than 100 countries. In addition, we have entered into agreements which enable us to distribute our products and services to our international school partners who use our courses to provide broad elective offerings and dual diploma programs. We operate the K12 International Academy, an online private school that serves students in both the United States and overseas. Through the K12 International Academy, students may study in an academic program that ultimately leads to an accredited U.S. high school diploma. Students may also enroll in individual courses on a part-time basis. The K12 International Academy utilizes the same curriculum, systems and teaching practices that we provide to the virtual public schools we manage in the United States. In addition, this school provides a unique international community including clubs and events that enrich the student experience by allowing students to interact with peers in other countries. The school is accredited by AdvancED, and is recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia as a degree granting institution of secondary learning. 10 The Keystone School (‘‘Keystone’’) is a private school that has been an innovator in home education and distance learning for over 35 years. Students attend Keystone for middle and high school on a full or part- time basis. It serves students through online courses with teacher support as well as print correspondence course programs. Keystone primarily uses our FuelEd curriculum and provides a lower-cost option to families than either of our other two private schools. Keystone is accredited by the Middle States Association—Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools and AdvancED. The George Washington University Online High School is operated in cooperation with the George Washington University. The program, which launched in the 2011-12 school year, offers K12’s college preparatory curriculum and is designed for high school students who are seeking a challenging academic experience and aspire to attend top colleges and universities. The school also provides extensive counseling throughout the high school years to help students make academic and extracurricular choices and maximize their future potential. The school is accredited by the Middle States Association—Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools. In the United Kingdom, our business included a single school for pre-kindergarten to elementary students that became a K12-managed school on January 1, 2013. We believe that our presence in the United Kingdom presents business development opportunities for additional schools in the country for pre-kindergarten to high school students, and we are pursuing a contract for another managed school for the 2014-15 school year. Consumer Sales We also sell individual online courses directly to familes. Our curriculum is sold directly to customers who desire to educate their children outside of the traditional public school system or to supplement their child’s existing public school education without the aid of an online teacher. Customers of our consumer product have the option of purchasing a complete grade-level curriculum or individual subjects depending on their child’s needs. Typical applications include summer school course work, home schooling and educational supplements. Our Growth Strategy Our growth strategy consists of leveraging the investments we have already made in our curriculum and learning systems, as well as the expertise we have developed in online learning and school management, to serve adjacent markets and to diversify our risk profile. This strategy is aligned with the way the education industry is expected to evolve and consists of the following components: Increase Enrollments at Existing Virtual and Blended Public Schools. In the 2014-15 school year, we will manage virtual and blended public schools in 33 states and the District of Columbia. While we plan to increase enrollments at these schools, some state regulations and school governing authorities and districts still limit or cap student enrollment or enrollment growth. We intend to work with schools, legislators, state departments of education, educators and parents to find solutions that will remove enrollment restrictions and allow access for every child who is interested in attending a virtual or blended public school. Expand Virtual and Blended Public School Presence into Additional States and Cities. The flexibility and comprehensiveness of our learning systems allows us to efficiently adapt our curriculum to meet the individual educational standards of any state or school district with limited capital investment. We will continue to work with states and school districts to authorize and establish new virtual and blended public schools and to contract with them to provide our curriculum, online learning platform, management services, and other related offerings. Accelerate Institutional Sales. The breadth of our FuelEd and FuelEd ALS catalog, now ranging from pre-K to 12th grade, our instructional capabilities and our capacity to simplify a school district’s management of multiple digital programs and vendors through our PEAK technology platform are the key 11 drivers for Institutional Sales growth. We will continue to work to accelerate the market adoption of these solutions and services as school districts partner with us to address a variety of academic needs and personalized learning for their students. Add Enrollments in Our Private Schools. We currently operate three online private schools that we believe appeal to a broad range of students and families. We look to drive increased enrollments in these schools by increasing awareness, through targeted marketing programs and by solicitation of partnerships with traditional brick and mortar private schools. Pursue International Opportunities to Offer Our Learning Systems. We believe there is strong worldwide demand for high-quality, online education from U.S. families living abroad and foreign students who seek a U.S.-style of education and the schools and school systems that serve them in their local market. Our ability to operate virtually is not constrained by the need for a physical classroom or local teachers, which makes our learning systems ideal for use internationally. Develop Additional Channels through Which to Deliver Our Learning Systems. We plan to evaluate other delivery channels on a routine basis and to pursue opportunities where we believe there is likely to be significant demand for our offering, such as direct classroom instruction, blended classroom models, supplemental educational offerings and individual products packaged and sold directly to consumers. Pursue Strategic Partnerships and Acquisitions. As with our joint venture with Middlebury College, we may pursue opportunities with other highly-respected institutions where we can be a valued-added partner or contribute our expertise in curriculum development and educational services to serve more students. We may also pursue selective acquisitions at attractive valuations that complement our existing educational offerings and business capabilities, and that are natural extensions of our core competencies. Introduce New Products and Services. We intend to continue to expand our product line and offerings, both organically and through licensing or strategic acquisitions of product portfolios, including pursuing greater use of and access to tablet and mobile technology and adaptive learning technologies and solutions. In addition, we are endeavoring to open new schools that attract students who are seeking career and technical education and schools with deep science, technology, engineering and math (‘‘STEM’’) offerings. Products and Services Educational Philosophy The primary focus of our educational philosophy is to make the academic performance of students our first priority. We are committed to continuously improving the quality of our curriculum and academic programs, including to align with states that have adopted the Common Core State Standards (‘‘CCSS’’) and the Common Core Assessments. We also continue to evaluate and use innovative technologies to deliver engaging and effective learning experiences for all students. We seek to leverage our product portfolios across our educational solutions and distribution channels and to invest in our content portfolio to ensure our students receive a meaningful learning experience that is individualized, engaging, accessible and effective. The design, development and delivery of our products and services are grounded in the following set of guiding principles: (cid:127) Apply ‘‘Tried and True’’ Educational Approaches for Instruction through Technology; Employ Technology Appropriately to Deliver and Enhance Those Approaches. Our learning systems are designed to utilize both ‘‘tried and true’’ methods to drive academic success. ‘‘Tried’’ methodologies are those that have been experientially tested and proven to be effective. ‘‘True’’ methodologies are those based on more recent cognitive research regarding the way in which individuals learn. ‘‘Tried’’ methodologies employed by K12 must also pass through the ‘‘true’’ litmus test; the two criteria are 12 not antagonistic. This ‘‘tried and true’’ philosophy allows us to benefit from both decades of research about learning and over a century of published analysis of effective methods of teaching. (cid:127) Employ Technology Appropriately for Learning. All of our courses are delivered primarily through an online platform and generally include a significant amount of online content. We employ technology where we feel it is appropriate and can enhance the learning process, with the offline:online ratio changing appropriately for advancing developmental levels in students. In addition to online content, our curriculum includes a rich mix of course materials, including engaging textbooks and hands-on materials such as instructional kits, scientific and musical instruments, art supplies and science specimens. Furthermore, our teachers utilize telephonic contact as well as email and virtual electronic classrooms. We believe our balanced use of technology and more traditional approaches helps to maximize the effectiveness of our learning systems. (cid:127) Base Learning Objectives on ‘‘Big Ideas’’. We use the expression ‘‘big ideas’’ for the key, subconscious frameworks that serve as the foundation to a student’s future understanding of a subject matter. For example, an understanding of waves is fundamental to a physicist’s understanding of quantum mechanics; for that reason, we teach 1st graders the fundamentals of waves in an age-appropriate form. We use ‘‘big ideas’’ in every subject area to organize the explicit learning objectives for each course we develop. (cid:127) Assess Every Objective to Ensure Mastery. Ongoing assessments are the most effective way to evaluate a student’s mastery of a lesson or concept. To facilitate effective assessment, our curriculum states clear objectives for each lesson. Throughout a course, every student’s progress is assessed at a point when each objective is expected to be mastered, providing direction for appropriate pacing. These periodic and well-timed assessments reinforce learning and promote mastery of a topic before a student moves to the next lesson or course. (cid:127) Individualized Learning. We seek to create engaging curriculum content to capture a student’s attention to make learning more interesting and effective. It is our fundamental belief that each student learns in a highly individualized manner. Our instructional system allows students to learn from a curriculum that caters to their unique learning style and offers a high degree of program flexibility. Certain adaptive learning features being integrated into some curricular products can individualize lessons based on the level of student comprehension. (cid:127) Prioritize Important, Rigorous Objectives. Our content experts have developed a clear understanding of those subjects and concepts that are difficult for students, from both historical and cognitive points of view (that is, from both the ‘‘tried’’ and the ‘‘true’’ perspective described earlier). Greater instructional effort is focused on the most important concepts (the biggest ideas) and on the most challenging concepts and skills (as revealed by experience and research). We use existing research, feedback from parents and students, and experienced teacher judgments to determine these priorities, and to modify our learning systems to guide the allocation of each student’s time and effort. (cid:127) Facilitate Flexibility to Accommodate Variations in Ability. We believe that each student should be challenged appropriately, where ‘‘challenge’’ is both a matter of the difficulty inherent in the subject matter, and also the pace at which the subject matter is presented. Generally, adequate progress for most students is to complete one academic year’s curriculum within a nine-month school year. Each individual student may take greater or fewer instructional hours and make more or less effort than the average student to achieve this progress. Our learning systems are designed to facilitate this flexibility in order to ensure that the appropriate amount of time and effort is allocated to each lesson. (cid:127) Ensure Fundamental Content Soundness. Our highly credentialed subject matter experts or ‘‘Content Specialists’’ bring their own scholarly and teaching backgrounds to course design and 13 development and are required to maintain relationships with and awareness of guidelines from nearly 40 national and international subject-area associations. (cid:127) Integrate Curriculum, Teachers and Technology to Maximize Student Learning. We believe students learn better not just with great curriculum, but also great teachers and technology that allows them to access the content and teachers in a way that makes learning more engaging and effective. Academic Performance Our fundamental goal for every child who enrolls in an online public or private school managed by the Company, or a program offered through a school district, is to improve his or her academic performance. In 2014, we published an academic report that examines achievement in our managed public schools measured against both state tests (which vary widely) and a nationally normed adaptive test which provides a common measure of achievement across all of the managed schools we serve. By analyzing and communicating the results of our efforts, we aim to provide data and guidance to help educators working to improve academic achievement for every child in our increasingly diverse schools and for parents as they exercise school choice options. The 2014 Annual Academic Report (‘‘2014 Academic Report’’), can be found online at http://k12marketing.http.internapcdn.net/K12marketing/docs/K12-Academic-Report-2014-051614.pdf. A significant challenge we face with respect to academic performance is that each of the 33 states and the District of Columbia in which we manage virtual public schools measures academic performance using different accountability methods. Some states set proficiency standards, which measure minimum levels of comprehension by grade level for certain subjects (e.g., typically math and reading) that are discerned through year-end testing. These static proficiency measures are generally used to assess Adequate Yearly Progress (‘‘AYP’’) under the No Child Left Behind Act (‘‘NCLB’’). According to a November 2012 report by the Center for Education Policy, nearly half of the nation’s public schools (48%) did not achieve AYP in 2011, with some states exceeding that AYP failure rate and others falling below. Recognizing the limitations in the NCLB approach for measuring academic performance, as of July 2014, 42 states and the District of Columbia have obtained NCLB waivers from the U.S. Department of Education and eight school districts in California have obtained waivers after the California state application was denied. Iowa and Wyoming are pursuing NCLB waivers, and four states are not seeking waivers (Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota and Vermont). A waiver previously granted to Washington has been revoked. In connection with these waivers, most states have moved beyond AYP as a measure of academic performance and are using alternative accountability measures, including various ‘‘growth models.’’ While these growth models can have different assumptions, methodologies and analytics from state-to-state, their primary purpose is to determine how much a student learns over the course of a school year by measuring actual learning gains and growth. For example, a growth model may reveal that a student who enrolls two years behind grade level in math could realize a full year of improvement but may still fall below a static proficiency model target used with AYP measures. We share the view taken by the many states granted AYP waivers that assessing a student’s academic performance by his or her learning growth is a more accurate measure of a school’s effectiveness. Therefore, in addition to state accountability models, we also measure academic performance using a nationally normed computer adaptive testing program provided by Scantron, an independent provider of web-based K-12 assessments. With the Scantron testing, we can obtain reliable and comparable pre- and post-test results to assess the efficacy of our programs that have been implemented across multiple states with different standards and accountability systems. The Scantron testing also gives us a better understanding of academic growth for every student, whether below, at or above grade level. As an adaptive test, Scantron also adjusts in real time in response to a student’s answers, and thus more accurately reveals the student’s level of mastery. 14 The Scantron adaptive assessment tests are taken by virtual school students from their homes at the beginning and end of the school year. Approximately 87% of the students enrolled in our managed public schools during the 2012-13 school year completed the Scantron tests at the beginning and the end of the school year. While we recognize that students may be unsupervised while taking Scantron tests, the score trends from such tests relative to scores from state tests (which in most cases are closely proctored, including for the students in the managed public schools we serve) are similar, suggesting that the un-proctored approach for the Scantron test does not affect the accuracy of the Scantron results. In addition, the Scantron test results for an individual student are used to measure his or her performance over the school year, and thus are given twice each year in the early fall and late spring. Teachers and staff use the test results to develop an education plan for each student, where appropriate, and to guide teachers to tailor their instructions to the student’s needs and relative strengths. The test results are not used to grade or ‘‘place’’ students relative to their age group, and thus students and their parents have no incentive to cheat or seek outside help on an un-proctored test. More fundamentally, the Scantron tests are adaptive and proactive. That is, if the program senses that the student is answering questions too rapidly or is answering questions of increasing difficulty well beyond his or her grade level, the program will report the test results as ‘‘spoiled’’ to the teacher assigned to that student, and the test will be administered again with different questions. For these reasons, K12 believes the Scantron test results are a reliable indicator of the student’s progress in proficiency in reading and mathematics over the course of a school year. As we reported in our 2014 Academic Report, pre- and post-test data from the Scantron Performance Series adaptive assessment system showed that, in aggregate, students in the managed public schools we serve achieved greater academic growth than the norm group in both mathematics and reading for the 2012-2013 school year. In addition to measuring a student’s academic growth over the course of the school year, the Scantron testing results provide teachers, families and curriculum developers with insights on areas to improve a student’s academic growth during a school year. We recognize that as state-specific growth models using different assessments emerge in the coming years, the virtual public schools we manage in those states will be measured for academic performance against those standards, which may yield different results than the Scantron nationally normed tests. Our 2014 Annual Academic Report contains school proficiency data under each state’s accountability standards based upon testing results for K12 managed public schools representing more than 72% of our total enrollment in these schools. State proficiency results are typically available for each of our managed public schools through state department of education websites as well. In addition to the complexities involved in measuring academic performance of students, the statewide virtual public schools we serve face unique challenges impacting academic success not necessarily encountered to the same extent by traditional brick and mortar schools. These challenges include high percentages of students who enter behind grade level, high student mobility, high enrollment growth rates, lack of control over the student learning environment and higher than average percentages of students in student populations eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. For decades, educational research has shown that persistence—remaining and proceeding at pace in the same school setting—can benefit academic performance, while mobility—moving from one school setting to another—can have a destabilizing influence, causing students to struggle and lapse in academic performance. In our experience, the longer a student persists with our K12 curriculum in our managed public schools, the greater the likelihood of a better academic outcome for that student as explained further in our 2014 Annual Academic Report. The following table reflects the number (and percentages of 15 the total number) of students enrolled in K12-managed public schools and the length of time those students have been enrolled, based on a snapshot of current enrollment data as of May 31, 2014: Time Enrolled* Percentage of All Enrolled Students Number of Students Less than One Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One to Two Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two to Three Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three or More Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8% 46.0% 20.8% 18.4% 16,909 52,763 23,875 21,088 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0% 114,635 * Time enrolled is measured in calendar years and computed based on the difference in the calendar year of a student’s school enrollment and the calendar year at the date of measurement (May 31, 2014). These persistence calculations do not reflect the average fiscal year 2014 enrollments of 123,259. While measuring academic performance is necessary, taking meaningful steps to improve student outcomes is an integral part of our mission. Accordingly, we continually strive to achieve that objective by undertaking new initiatives and piloting new programs, such as our Family Academic Support Teams (described below under ‘‘Our Products’’), while continuing to study and refine existing programs such as Strong Start, our National Math Lab and our Mark12 remedial reading program. To monitor student learning progress during the school year, we are adding multiple equivalent assessments at the lesson, unit and semester level to ensure that our measurement of mastery is reliable and valid. We are also piloting a diagnostic assessment tool to be able to develop individualized learning plans for new students who often start school before their academic records are provided to us from their previous school. In fiscal year 2014 we established an Academic Committee of the K12 Board of Directors comprised of three members. The primary role of the Academic Committee is to make recommendations and assist management in discharging its responsibility to ensure continuous improvement in academic outcomes for the public and private schools served by the K12. With input and oversight from the Academic Committee, the education experts who are members of our K12 Educational Advisory Committee (‘‘EAC’’), formed in 2013, will further improve our focus on academic achievement and growth goals as well as advising us on specific tactics to be successful in these areas. The members of our EAC are: (cid:127) Dr. Andrew Porter, Dean of the Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania (cid:127) Dr. Elanna Yalow, CEO of Knowledge Universe Early Learning Programs (cid:127) Dr. Beverly Hutton, Executive Director of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (cid:127) Dr. David Driscoll, former Commissioner of Education, Commonwealth of Massachusetts (cid:127) Ms. Ann Foster, former Senior Vice President Strategy, Business Development and Connected Learning for Harcourt Education Group Our Products Our mission remains to invest in systems and technology to educate students more effectively and efficiently. By keeping abreast of industry trends and innovative technologies, including adaptive learning solutions and mobile and tablet accessibility, it is our expectation that these investments will help states, districts and schools improve the education of their students. Much of our investment has been in the development of K-12 online courses and management systems. We are planning specialized courses and programs designed to remediate the rapidly increasing 16 number of students who are enrolling in schools behind grade level. Specifically, we are making, licensing or acquiring more individualized learning programs for students using adaptive learning technology, which requires a significant financial commitment to license or acquire, integrate and develop a specialized curriculum and a complex database. As school districts confront the same issues that we are experiencing in the managed public schools, we believe that our solutions could gain widespread acceptance. During the past few fiscal years, we built a new K-6 math curriculum, K-3 English language arts curriculum, and a remedial reading course, all based on the latest educational research and pedagogical methods. In addition, our PEAK system provides school districts and administrators a better way to manage their online education programs and content. In 2014, we entered into an agreement to transition our high school learning management system to Desire2Learn, a pioneer in next-generation digital education systems. The Desire2Learn platform is used by over 100 K-12 organizations, and provides an industry-leading student experience which should help us improve student engagement, retention and outcomes for our managed schools. It is expected to also significantly advance our efforts to deliver a more mobile-ready curriculum because of its mobile-ready capabilities which exceed the capabilities of our current systems. We expect to complete our transition to the Desire2Learn platform by the fall of 2015. Just as we pioneered the development of virtual schools, we are resolved to address the most challenging educational needs facing schools and districts. Our goal is to assist teachers, schools and districts in implementing individualized education programs to better serve their students. This can take a variety of forms including turn-key solutions, partnerships, vendor relationships, enterprise licenses, and purchases of curriculum and services. Our investment strategy is not limited, however, to curriculum and systems. We are also making substantial investments in our service offerings to improve student outcomes. For example, as part of our Strong Start program, we are piloting a diagnostic assessment tool that allows us to create individualized learning plans for new students who often start school with us before their academic records arrive. We are also offering Family Academic Support Teams (‘‘FAST’’) in several of our schools. The purpose of the FAST program is to ensure students are ready to engage in their learning experience by helping them overcome non-academic barriers, including family, health, psychological, or social issues that create obstacles to achieving academic success for some families. Additionally, we continue to invest in improving the quality of our teachers and school leaders through professional development efforts. Curriculum K12 has one of the largest digital curriculum portfolios for the K-12 online education industry. The K12 curriculum consists of online lessons, offline instructional kits and materials and lesson guides. We offer an extensive catalog of proprietary courses designed to teach concepts to students from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. A single year-long K12 course generally consists of 120 to 180 unique instructional lessons. Each lesson is designed to last approximately 45 to 60 minutes, although students are able to work at their own pace. We have more than 700 courses across kindergarten, elementary, middle and high school, including world languages. This combined portfolio contains over 107,000 hours of instructional content and over one million visual, audio and interactive instructional elements in our asset repository. Since our inception, we have built core courses in English language arts, mathematics, science and history on a foundation of rigorous standards, following the guidance and recommendations of leading educational organizations at the national and state levels. For this reason, our K12 curriculum was well positioned to satisfy the requirements of the CCSS when they were published in June 2010. Since then, we have been in the process of fully aligning our existing and new courses to the CCSS. As the CCSS landscape is continually changing, we will monitor the decisions that states are making with regard to CCSS adoption and the associated assessments of the CCSS or other standards the states may adopt, which 17 in turn may require further adjustments. We have and will continue to invest in and update our curriculum to stay current with emerging and developing standards like CCSS. Online Lessons. Our K12 online lessons or curricula are accessed through a proprietary learning management platform, which we call our Online School (‘‘OLS’’) for K-8 students and the eCollege platform for high school students, as well as a number of other common industry platforms for students who access our FuelEd Online Courses and our FuelEd ALS. Each online lesson provides the roadmap for the entire lesson, including direction to specific online and offline materials, summaries of major objectives for the lesson and the actual lesson content with assessments. Digital versions of documents, readings, labs and other activities may also be included. Lessons utilize a combination of innovative technologies, including animations, demonstrations, audio, video and other graphic/digital interactivity, educational games and individualized feedback, all coordinated with offline textbooks and hands-on materials, to create an engaging, responsive and highly-effective curriculum. The formative, and periodic summative, online assessments ensure that students have mastered the material and are ready to proceed to the next lesson, allowing them to work at their own pace. Pronunciation guides for key words and references to suggested additional resources, specific to each lesson and each student’s assignments and assessments, are also included. Learning Kits. Many of our courses utilize learning kits in conjunction with the online lessons to maximize the effectiveness of our learning systems. In addition to receiving access to our online lessons through the Internet, each K-8 student receives a shipment of materials, including award-winning textbooks, art supplies, laboratory supplies (e.g., microscopes, scales, science specimens) and other reference materials which are referred to and incorporated in instruction throughout our curriculum. This approach is consistent with our guiding principle to utilize technology where appropriate for our learning systems, and combine it with other effective instructional methods. Most of the textbooks we use are proprietary, written by K12 to be verbally engaging and visually appealing to students, with careful control of reading levels, and to complement the online experience. Through fiscal year 2014, we also created and/or converted additional K12 textbooks used across our courses into an electronic format, enabling us to offer options to enhance the student experience without physical books. We believe that our ability to effectively combine online lessons and materials—to develop, deliver and implement them together for instruction—is a competitive advantage. Lesson Guides. Our courses are generally paired with a lesson guide. Lesson guides work in coordination with the online lessons and include the following: overview information for learning coaches, lesson objectives, lesson outlines and activities, answer keys to student exercises and suggestions for explaining difficult concepts to students. Pre-K and K-8 Courses From pre-kindergarten through 8th grade, our courses are generally categorized into seven major subject areas: English language arts, mathematics, science, history, art, music and world languages. Our proprietary curriculum includes all of the courses that students need to complete their core kindergarten through 8th grade education; our pre-K offering, which we refer to as EmbarK12, introduces students to core subjects through cross-curricular thematic units, building initial and fundamental relationships among concepts. Courses focus on developing fundamental skills and teaching the key knowledge building blocks or schemas-the ‘‘big ideas’’ that each student will need to master the major subject areas, meet state standards, including those formulated as the CCSS, and complete more advanced coursework. Unlike a traditional classroom education, our learning systems offer the flexibility for each student to take courses at different grade levels in a single academic year, providing flexibility for students to progress at their own level and pace within each subject area. Our K12 second generation elementary language arts program is designed to deliver increased interactivity and make instruction even more engaging and efficient while integrating rewards, interactive 18 practice and a virtual world. Our Fundamentals of Geometry and Algebra course completes our proprietary K-8 math offering. These courses support students at various skill levels via targeted, timely remediation, embody CCSS and include significant media integration. In addition, the flexibility of our learning systems allows us to tailor our curriculum to state specific requirements. For example, we have developed almost 70 courses specifically created for the public school standards in 13 states; we are aligning our courses to the CCSS and the Common Core Assessments; and in addition to the ongoing evolution of our K-5 Math+ program, we have also created over 80 custom Math+ sequences to serve specific state needs. High School Courses The curriculum available to high school students is much broader and varies from student to student, largely as a result of the increased flexibility in course selection available to high school students. Students also are able to select from a wide range of electives. We have augmented our lab program for lab science courses with the creation of alternate kit-free science labs as an augmentation or alternative for our formerly kit-based high school science labs in order to provide a more flexible and robust lab program across our physical science, earth science, biology, chemistry and physics courses. Our overall lab program now includes traditional kit-based labs based on either shipped-in or household materials, virtual labs, video-based labs, data-collection and data-manipulation labs, and field studies. This array provides schools with additional materials flexibility, and integrates diverse modalities directly into our science curriculum to promote conceptual mastery. Across all subject areas, the K12 proprietary core curriculum accounts for approximately 90% of our high school course enrollments. We are aligning our courses to the CCSS and the Common Core Assessments. FuelEd Online Courses. We also offer curriculum to schools and school districts marketed as our FuelEd Online Courses product line. FuelEd Online Courses are aligned to state and national standards, including many to the CCSS, and include more than 180 courses for middle and high school students, featuring core, AP, elective and credit recovery courses. FuelEd’s Online Courses are developed by subject matter experts, designed by multimedia teams and delivered by highly qualified high school instructors. FuelEd classes are primarily delivered over the Internet and use a variety of interactive elements to keep students engaged throughout. A deep understanding of K-12 pedagogy, as well as the human factors associated with online technology, is integrated into FuelEd’s courses. FuelEd Anywhere Learning System (‘‘ALS’’). Our FuelEd ALS courseware is currently in use in over 5,000 public and private K-12 schools, public charter schools, colleges, correctional institutions, centers of adult literacy, military education programs and after-school learning centers. FuelEd ALS provides an integrated offering of instructional software and assessment for reading, mathematics, language arts, science, writing, history, government, economics and geography for grade levels K-12. In addition, we also provide assessment testing and instructional content for the General Educational Development (‘‘GED’’) test. These products are designed to provide for LAN, WAN and Internet delivery in schools and support Windows and Macintosh platforms. Spanish-language versions are available for mathematics and language arts in grade levels 1-6. Middlebury Interactive Languages. We offer digital world language courses and residential summer language academies through our MIL joint venture. This venture offers immersive language courses for K-12 students based on Middlebury College’s pedagogy to help students gain a stronger base of comprehension and accelerate language acquisition. The age-appropriate language courses, which can be implemented fully online, in a blended learning environment or as supplemental material, use instructional tools such as animation, music, videos and other authentic materials to immerse students in the language and culture of study. Chinese, French, German, Spanish and Arabic courses for elementary, middle and high school students are now available, and additional courses are in development to create a comprehensive suite of world language offerings. The joint venture also operates summer residential 19 language academies, an immersive program for middle and high school students. Academy students live in language by taking the Language Pledge, a promise to communicate solely in their language of study for four weeks. Instruction is offered in Arabic, Chinese, French, German and Spanish at multiple college campuses in the United States and in Beijing, China. Innovative Learning Applications In order to continue to enhance the user experience and instructional methods of our learning systems, we strive to develop new technologies and learning applications and adapt our curriculum to new technology devices and platforms. (cid:127) Mobile Learning: We have created a number of mobile tools and applications. Thirty new mobile applications were delivered in fiscal year 2014 for a total of 48 applications now available for download. As of June 30, 2014, these ‘‘apps’’ have been downloaded over 0.8 million times since 2012. We continue to deploy innovative educational tools for the mobile environment. With the increase in the use of mobile devices, we expect our mobile applications will create the ability for a student to learn ‘‘on-the-go,’’ allowing for more continuous learning, engagement and mastery of content. We offer certain applications for both phones and tablets available via Apple, Google Play and the Amazon marketplace, adapting many of our award-winning curriculum features for the mobile application space. In addition, we are rolling out our first fully mobile-enabled courseware in the fall of 2014. Nine courses at the middle school level will be available for use utilizing the Blackboard Mobile Learn app. These courses will feature more than 9,000 mobile friendly interactives. (cid:127) Interactive Games: An active educational games initiative is delivering new methods for engagement, practice and review of K-12 concepts, including: narrative/immersive styles, rewards, persistent data, and complex algorithms. These games make use of extensive research and educational best practices and address targeted learning objectives. We have delivered a total of nine interactive games and an innovative review and practice portal called Noodleverse. Noodleverse includes approximately 3,000 activities and is designed for K-3 students in conjunction with the K12 language arts program. (cid:127) Virtual Labs: We have delivered alternatives for our educational partners who desire materials-free curriculum. This includes converting over 60 existing materials-based high school science labs into highly interactive virtual labs and video lab simulations that meet state standards and still maintain teaching the original learning objectives. For example, in high school chemistry we have developed a virtual laboratory on chromatography, in which students separate a number of inks into their component pigments. This laboratory is performed at a virtual lab bench with all the materials and with the same procedures high school students would use in a physical chemistry laboratory. (cid:127) eBook and Digital Book Distribution: Through fiscal year 2014, we have created or converted additional K12 textbooks (now totaling 65) used across our courses into an electronic format, including textbooks, reference guides, literature readers and lab manuals. This digital delivery ability enables us to offer options to our customers via interactive online books that enhance the student’s reading experience, reinforce the student’s learning approach and create a new method for delivering book and print materials. Each offline book is converted into an electronic book format with a custom user interface to be viewed via a standard web browser or a commercially available electronic reader (e.g. Kindle, Nook). Web accessibility features for disabled students are made use of where currently possible. (cid:127) Adaptive Learning: We have learning management systems and can now build courses that are adaptive, which enable individualized learning experiences as the course ‘‘adapts’’ at key points to student behavior and input. Based on assessment results or individual activity, these courses can automatically route students to an alternate explanation, additional practice or remediation on a 20 prerequisite skill or crucial concept. In addition to remediation, the capability allows students to accelerate past previously mastered concepts, giving skillful students time for more challenging work. Our MARK12 reading remediation product captures individual students’ successes and challenges as they practice phonemic awareness, alphabetic principles, accuracy and fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. The program serves the individual student more exercises, practice and review in areas of difficulty. Adaptation in this way tailors the instruction automatically for each student, making learning experiences more efficient and effective by building into the course the logic an expert teacher or tutor uses to differentiate instruction. (cid:127) National Math Lab: The National Math Lab program has been designed to address students’ math needs and to help them develop the necessary skills to succeed in math. The program works with students in grades 5 through 10 across all of the K12 network schools, who experience challenges in math and need supplemental support. National Math Lab provides nearly twice the usual amount of math instruction to students and in addition to their regular online math coursework, students attend targeted synchronous mathematical instruction sessions provided by highly-trained math teachers four days per week. (cid:127) Engaging Videos: We continue to explore opportunities to enhance student engagement through strategic use of relevant multimedia. Multimedia is specifically used as appropriate for the subject matter. For example, our video on photosynthesis for high school biology allows students to witness the setup, procedure and data in a classic experiment in which an aquatic plant is exposed to light and produces oxygen bubbles. The high definition video and the presentation to the student of real data (which they then use in their analysis) make this video lab a multimedia experience that is coupled with a scientific method. Transcripts and captioning enhance accessibility where currently feasible. Online School Platform-Learning Management System For our K12 curriculum users in grades K-8, we provide a proprietary learning management system, our OLS platform. The OLS is a significant part of our ongoing effort to provide the most engaging and productive learning experience for students. The OLS platform is an adaptive, intuitive, web-based software platform that provides access to our online lessons, our lesson planning and scheduling tools, and our progress tracking tool which serves a key role in assisting parents and teachers in managing each student’s progress. The OLS is also the central system through which students, parents, teachers and administrators interact using Kmail and Class Connect (our integrated synchronous session scheduler). During fiscal year 2014, we completed nine major releases of our platform intended to enhance the capabilities available to our learning coaches, increase teacher efficiency and drive overall academic achievement. We license a third-party learning management system for use in our high school program. (cid:127) Lesson Planning and Scheduling Tools. During a school year, a typical student will complete between 800 and 1,200 lessons across six or more subject areas. Our lesson planning and scheduling tools enable teachers and parents to establish an individualized plan for each student to complete his or her lessons. These tools are designed to dynamically update the lesson plan as a student progresses through each lesson and course, allowing flexibility to increase or decrease the pace at which the student advances through the curriculum while ensuring that the student progresses towards completion in the desired time frame. For example, the schedule can easily be adapted to accommodate a student who desires to attend school six days a week, a student who is interested in studying more during the winter holidays to take time off during the spring, or a student who chooses to complete two math lessons a day for the first month of the school year and delay art lessons until the second month of the school year. Moreover, changes can be made to the schedule at any point during the school year and the remainder of the student’s schedule will automatically be adjusted in the OLS. Unlike a traditional classroom education, our learning systems offer the flexibility for each student to take courses at different grade levels in a single academic year, 21 providing flexibility for students to progress at their own level and pace within each subject area. The curriculum includes assessments built into every lesson to guide and tailor the pace of progress to each child’s needs. (cid:127) Progress Tracking Tools. Once a schedule has been established, the OLS delivers lessons based upon the specified parameters of the school and the teacher. Each day, a student is initially directed to a home page listing the schedule for that particular day and begins the school day by selecting one of the listed lessons. As each lesson is completed, the student returns to the day’s schedule to proceed to the next subject. If a student does not complete a lesson by the end of the day on which it was originally scheduled, the lesson will be rescheduled to the next day and will resume at the point where the student left off. Our progress tracking tool allows students, parents, learning coaches and teachers to monitor student progress. In addition, information collected by our progress tracking tool regarding student performance, attendance and other data are transferred to our proprietary Student Administration Management System (‘‘SAMS’’) for use in providing administrative support services. This instructional program includes several processes and educational techniques that embrace proactive intervention. As a result, we can provide high quality instruction and intervention equal to student needs. (cid:127) Assessment Tracking Tools: Meaningful assessments and feedback are critical to efficient and successful learning. Assessments embedded into our lessons help the parent, teacher, and student verify that the student is achieving important learning objectives. A student does not progress to the next lesson in a course until he has mastered the assessment at the end of the previous lesson. Teachers can easily view assessment data for their students in the OLS so that they can proactively provide additional instruction to students when needed. Our assessment tools also help us improve the program by providing information on the effectiveness of specific instructional activities and the curriculum. Our learning systems make use of a variety of formative and summative assessment instruments: (cid:127) Lesson assessments are used to verify mastery of the objectives for that lesson and to determine whether further study of the lesson is necessary. (cid:127) Unit assessments show whether or not the student has retained key learning objectives for the unit, and identify specific objectives students may need to review before progressing. (cid:127) Semester assessments verify student mastery of key learning objectives for the semester. Independent third-party assessments are used in most of our managed schools to pinpoint specific individual student strengths and weaknesses relative to state standards. These results enable the teacher to develop a highly individualized learning plan for each student. Students are tested via an online, adaptive test at the beginning and end of the school year to provide a measure of individual student growth demonstrating the value-added gains of the school program. School Management Systems SAMS is our proprietary student information system. SAMS is integrated with the OLS and several other proprietary systems including our online enrollment system that allows parents to complete school enrollment forms online and our Order Management System that generates orders for learning kits and computers to be delivered to students. SAMS stores student-specific data and is used for a variety of functions, including enrolling students in courses, assigning progress marks and grades, tracking student demographic data, and generating student transcripts. Our systems also include TotalView, a suite of online applications that provides administrators, teachers, parents and students a unified view of student progress, attendance, communications, and learning kit shipment tracking. TotalView includes a sophisticated means of documenting student engagement in required classroom activities, identification of those students struggling with grade level state content standards, and previous year’s performance on 22 state tests. TotalView also includes Kmail, our internal communications system. Through Kmail, administrators and teachers can communicate electronically with learning coaches and students. TotalView also includes an enrollment processing and tracking tool that allows us to closely monitor and manage the enrollment process for new students. Over the past several years, we have enhanced TotalView with additional functionality to better support the operation of the virtual and blended public schools. PEAK In fiscal year 2012, we launched an innovative online learning solution called PEAK. This solution is designed to simplify a district’s management of online learning by consolidating multiple solutions on a single platform. It allows administrators and teachers to manage enrollments, programs and performance tracking, alerts and reporting across multiple online solutions from a single solution. In addition, through the PEAK library, districts can quickly and easily search, build, provision and publish content or course modifications or new course solutions using various online learning assets. In fiscal year 2014, PEAK served nearly 900 school districts and school partners and more than 200,000 students. As more districts adopt online learning, they are demanding more control and flexibility in running their programs. PEAK provides unparalleled capabilities for districts wanting to operate multiple solutions or catalogs from a single application and offers rich personalization features that can be managed at the district, school or teacher level. Our Services We offer a comprehensive suite of services to students and their families as well as directly to virtual and blended public schools, traditional schools and school districts. Our services can be categorized broadly into academic support services and management and technology services. Academic Support Services Teachers and Related Services. Teachers are critical to students’ educational success. Teachers in the virtual and blended public schools that we manage are typically employed by the school, with the ultimate authority over these teachers residing with the school’s governing body. Under our service agreements, we often recruit, train and provide management support for these teachers. Historically, we have seen significant demand for teaching positions in the virtual and blended public schools that we manage. For our Institutional Sales customers, we provide instructors as needed using our staff of highly qualified and state-certified teachers and trainers. We use a rigorous evaluation process for making teacher hiring recommendations to the schools we manage. We generally recruit teachers who, at a minimum, are state certified and meet each state’s requirements for designation as a ‘‘Highly Qualified Teacher,’’ and generally have at least three years of teaching experience. We also seek to recruit teachers who have the skill set necessary to be successful in a virtual environment. Teaching in a virtual or blended public school is characterized by enhanced one-on-one student-teacher and parent-teacher interaction, so these teachers must have strong interpersonal communications skills. Additionally, a virtual or blended public school teacher must be creative in finding ways to effectively connect with their students and integrate themselves into the daily lives of the students’ families. We assess these teacher characteristics using a customized online assessment as part of the hiring process. New teachers participate in our comprehensive training program during which, among other things, they are introduced to our educational philosophy, our curriculum and our OLS and other technology applications, and are provided strategies for communicating and connecting with students and their families in a virtual environment. We also provide ongoing professional development opportunities for teachers so that they may stay abreast of changing educational standards, key learning trends, and sound pedagogical strategies which we believe enhance their teaching abilities and effectiveness. 23 In addition to our compliance with state-mandated testing programs, we have instituted a student progress testing program in cooperation with Scantron, a third-party provider of standardized testing services. The results of this testing helps us manage the quality of our academic programs using widely recognized services from an industry-leading third party. Advanced and Special Education Services. We believe that our learning systems are able to effectively address the educational needs of both advanced and special education students because they employ flexible teaching methods and students can use them at their own pace. For students requiring special attention, we employ a national director who is an expert on the delivery of special education services in a virtual or blended public school environment and who oversees the special education programs at the schools we serve. We direct and facilitate the development and implementation of ‘‘individualized education plans’’ for students with special needs, and each school’s special education program is designed to be compliant with the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and all state special education requirements. Each special needs student is assigned a certified special education teacher and the school arranges for any required ancillary services, including speech and occupational therapy, and any required assistive technologies, such as special computer displays or speech recognition software. We support advanced and talented students through our advanced learner program. Advanced learners are able to participate in a wide variety of enrichment seminars, clubs, and mentoring opportunities. Advanced students are connected to each other across state boundaries through learning circles, book clubs, and other special-interest activities. Supporting Academically At-Risk Learners. Our objective is to narrow the achievement gap for those students who enter our virtual or blended public schools behind their same-age peers. To that end, we conduct both formative and summative assessments during the course of the school year in order to identify those students needing specific remedial support as well as measure the effectiveness of the support. We also offer the Passport school program, which is designed for academically at-risk students, particularly those who have previously dropped out of high school, and which includes more counseling and support services. Student Support Services. We provide students attending virtual or blended public schools that we manage and their families with a variety of support services to ensure that we effectively meet their educational needs and goals. We offer support to address any questions or concerns that students and their parents have during the course of their education. We plan and coordinate social events to offer students opportunities to meet and socialize with their school peers. Finally, in connection with our high school offering, each student is assigned a homeroom teacher, and/or an advisor and a guidance counselor who assists them with academic issues, college and career planning and other support as needed. Management and Technology Services Turn-key Services. For most of our managed statewide virtual and blended public schools, we provide turn-key management services. In these circumstances, we take responsibility for all aspects of the management of the schools, including monitoring academic achievement, teacher hiring recommendations and training, compensation of school personnel, financial management, enrollment processing and provision of curriculum, equipment and required services. Accreditation. In 2013, AdvancED renewed the Company’s accreditation for another five years. AdvancED serves more than 30,000 public and private schools and districts across the United States and is the parent company of North Central Accreditation Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement, Northwest Accreditation Commission and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement. The schools we manage also maintain regional accreditations with other accrediting associations. 24 Compliance and Tracking Services. Operating a virtual or blended public school entails many of the compliance and regulatory requirements of a traditional public school, as well as an applicable charter school or other requirements specifically adopted for online public schools. We have developed management systems and processes designed to track compliance with those requirements, including tracking appropriate student information and meeting various state and federal reporting, record keeping and privacy requirements for the schools we serve. For example, we collect enrollment related information, monitor attendance and administer proctored state tests. Further, as we have expanded into new states, our processes have grown increasingly robust. In fiscal year 2014, we hired a Chief School Compliance Officer (‘‘CSCO’’) to supplement and oversee school compliance. Among other responsibilities, our CSCO complements our corporate compliance and ethics function and reviews and advises our managed public schools on applicable regulatory policies, practices and procedures. The CSCO reports semi-annually to the Audit Committee and annually to the Board of Directors. Financial Management Services. For the schools we manage, we oversee the preparation of the annual budget and coordinate with the school’s governing body to determine its annual objectives. In addition, we implement an internal control framework, develop policies and procedures, provide accounting services and payroll administration, oversee all federal entitlement programs, arrange for external audits and ensure all state and local financial compliance reporting is met. Facility, Operations and Technology Support Services. We generally operate administrative offices and all other facilities on behalf of the schools we manage. We provide these schools with a complete technology infrastructure. In addition, we provide a comprehensive help desk solution for students and school staff to address their computer or other technical issues. Human Resources Support Services. We are actively involved in recruiting virtual and blended public school administrators, teachers and staff, through a thorough interview and orientation process. To better facilitate the hiring process, we review and analyze the profiles of teachers that have been highly effective in our managed public and blended schools learning systems to identify the attributes desired in future new hires. While many schools employ teachers directly, we also help negotiate and secure employment benefits and payroll services for school staff on behalf of the schools and administer employee benefit plans for school employees. Additionally, we assist the schools we serve in drafting and implementing administrative policies and procedures. Competition As a general matter, we face varying degrees of competition from a variety of education companies because the scope of our offerings and the customers we serve encompass many separate and distinct segments of the education business. We compete primarily with companies that provide online curriculum and school support services to K-12 virtual and blended public schools, and school districts. These companies include Pearson PLC (Connections Academy and Advanced Academics), White Hat Management, LLC, and National Network of Digital Schools Management Foundation Inc., among others. We also face competition from online and print curriculum developers. The online curriculum providers include Apex Learning Inc., Compass Learning Inc., Edgenuity Inc., Glynlyon, Inc., Edmentum Inc., Renaissance Learning, Inc., Rosetta Stone Inc. and traditional textbook publishers including Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, McGraw-Hill Companies and Pearson PLC. We also compete with institutions such as The Laurel Springs School (Nobel Learning Communities, Inc.) and Penn Foster Inc. for online private school students. Additionally, we compete with state-administered online programs such as Florida Virtual School. We believe that the primary factors on which we compete are: (cid:127) extensive experience in, and understanding of, K-12 virtual schooling; (cid:127) track record of student academic gains and customer satisfaction; 25 (cid:127) quality of curriculum and online delivery platform; (cid:127) qualifications, experience and training teachers for online instruction; (cid:127) comprehensiveness of school management and student support services; (cid:127) platform designed to allow school district partners to centrally manage multiple online solutions; (cid:127) integrated K12 solutions, with components designed and built to work together; (cid:127) ability to scale across our lines of business; and (cid:127) competitive pricing. Broadly speaking, we participate in the market for K-12 education. In states where we enter into long-term service agreements to manage virtual and blended public schools, we believe that we generally serve less than 1% of the public school students in that state. The customers for Institutional Sales are schools and school districts seeking individual courses to supplement their course catalogs or school districts seeking to offer an online education program to serve the needs of a small subset of their overall student population. Defining a more precise relevant market upon which to base a share estimate would not be meaningful due to significant limitations on the comparability of data among jurisdictions. For example, some providers to K-12 virtual public schools serve only high school students; others serve the elementary and middle school students, and a few serve both. There are also providers of online virtual K-12 education that operate solely within individual states or geographic regions rather than globally as we do. Furthermore, some school districts offer their own virtual programs with which we compete. Parents in search of an alternative to their local public school have a number of alternatives beyond virtual and blended public schools, including private schools, public charter schools and home schooling. In our International and Private Pay schools, we compete for students seeking an English-based K-12 education worldwide, and we currently draw students from more than 100 countries. In addition, our integrated learning systems consist of components that face competition from many different types of education companies, such as traditional textbook publishers, test and assessment firms and private education management companies. Finally, our learning systems are designed to operate domestically and internationally over the Internet, and thus the geographic market for many of our products and services is global and indeterminate in size. Key Functional Areas Public Affairs, School Development, Student Recruitment and Marketing We seek to increase public awareness of the educational and fiscal benefits of individualized online learning options through full-time online and blended instructional models as well as supplementary course options. We receive numerous inquiries from school districts, legislators, public charter school boards, community leaders, state departments of education, educators and parents who express the desire to have a choice in public school options. Our public affairs and school development teams work together with these interested parties to identify and pursue opportunities to expand the use of our products and services in new and existing jurisdictions. Our student recruitment and marketing team is responsible for promoting our corporate brand, generating new student enrollments, managing the consumer sales business, conducting market and customer research, defining, packaging and pricing our product offerings to customers, and enhancing the experience of students enrolled in the schools we serve through the development and operation of student clubs and parent support opportunities. This team employs a variety of strategies designed to better understand and address the requirements of our target markets. 26 Operations The physical learning kits that accompany our online lessons are an essential component of many of our courses. A student enrolling in one of our courses may receive multiple textbooks, art supplies, laboratory supplies (e.g. microscopes and scales) and other reference materials designed to enhance the learning experience. We package these books and materials into course-specific learning kits. Because each student’s curriculum is customized, the combination of kits for each student must also be customized. In fiscal year 2014, we assembled approximately 6.7 million items into more than 675,000 kits. Over our 14 years of operation, we believe that we have gained significant experience in the sourcing, assembly and delivery of school supplies and materials. We have developed strong relationships with partners allowing us to source goods at favorable price, quality and service levels. Our fulfillment partner stores our inventory, assembles our learning kits and ships the kits to students. We have invested in systems, including our Order Management System, to automatically translate the curriculum selected by each enrolled student into an order to build the corresponding individualized learning kit. As a result, we believe we have an end-to-end warehousing and fulfillment operation that will cost-effectively scale as the business grows in scope and complexity. For many of our virtual and blended public school customers, we attempt to reclaim any materials that could be cost-effectively re-utilized in the next school year. These items, once returned to our fulfillment centers, are refurbished and included in future learning kits. This reclamation process allows us to maintain lower materials costs. Our fulfillment activities are highly seasonal, and are centered on the start of school in August or September. Accordingly, approximately 65% of our annual materials inventory is received between March and May and approximately 65% of shipments to customers occur between June and September. In order to ensure that students in virtual and blended public schools have access to our OLS, we often provide students with a computer and all necessary support. We source computers and ship them to students when they enroll and reclaim the computers at the end of a school year or upon termination of their enrollment or withdrawal from the school in which they are enrolled. Technology Our online learning systems, along with our back office support systems, are built on our proprietary Service Oriented Architecture (‘‘SOA’’) to ensure high availability and redundancy. The flexibility and security enabled by our SOA are the core principles of our systems’ foundation. Service Oriented Architecture. All of our systems leverage our SOA that is built on top of Enterprise Java. The SOA allows us to develop iterative solutions expeditiously to meet both present and future market needs. Our high availability and scalability are also facilitated by this architecture. The SOA also enables seamless integration with third-party solutions in our platform with ease and efficiency. Availability and Redundancy. Our SOA allows for primary and secondary equipment to be utilized at all network and application tiers. Each application layer is load balanced across multiple servers, which, along with our sophisticated network management capabilities, allows for additional hardware to be inserted into our network providing us with optimal scalability and availability as evidenced by our typically greater than 99% uptime over a growing user base. We regularly backup critical data and store this backup data at an offsite location. Security. Our security measures and policies include dividing application layers into multiple zones controlled by firewall technology. Sensitive communications are encrypted between client and server and our server-to-server accessibility is strictly controlled and monitored. We also have engaged an outside firm to manage unwanted traffic that may target our services and systems. Physical Infrastructure. We utilize leading vendors to provide a foundation for our SOA. Our systems are housed offsite in data centers that provide a robust, redundant network backbone, power and 27 geographically separated disaster recovery. Our second data center, geographically separated from our primary center, operates as a ready business continuity site with secured, near-real time data replication from our primary data center. We vigilantly monitor our physical infrastructure for security, availability and performance. Other Information Intellectual Property We continue to invest in our intellectual property as we develop more courses for new grades and expand into adjacent education markets, both in the United States and overseas. Through acquisitions, we have also acquired curriculum, patents and trademarks that expand our portfolio of educational products and services. We continue to add features and tools to our proprietary learning platform and support systems to assist teachers and students and improve educational outcomes, such as adaptive learning technologies. These intellectual property assets are critical to our success and we avail ourselves of the full protections provided under the patent, copyright, trademark and trade secrets laws. We also routinely utilize confidentiality and licensing agreements with our employees, the virtual and blended public schools, traditional schools, school districts and private schools that we serve, individual consumers, contractors and other businesses and persons with which we have commercial relationships. Our patent portfolio includes issued patents and pending applications directed towards various aspects of our educational products and offerings. In particular, the first family of patent applications we filed in the U.S. and in foreign countries was directed towards the first generation of our system and method of virtual schooling and includes two issued patents. Further, two U.S. patents were issued for our systems and methods of online foreign language instruction. We have submitted patent applications in the United States and in foreign countries for aspects of the second generation of our virtual school application, and one U.S. patent has been issued. We own the copyright to the lessons contained in the courses that comprise our proprietary curriculum and we continue to register this growing lesson portfolio with the U.S. Copyright Office. We have obtained federal and state registrations for numerous trademarks that are related to our offerings and we have applied to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to register certain new trademarks. As a result of the acquisitions we have made, we also own U.S. and foreign trademarks and a portfolio of domain names. We grant licenses to individuals to use our software in order to access our online learning systems. Similarly, schools are granted a license to use our online learning systems in order to access SAMS and our other systems. These licenses are intended to protect our ownership and the confidentiality of the embedded information and technology contained in our software and systems. We also own many of the trademarks and service marks that we use as part of the student recruitment and branding services we provide to schools. Those marks are licensed to the schools for use during the term of the products and services agreements. Our employees, contractors and other parties with access to our confidential information sign agreements that prohibit the unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary rights, information and technology. Employees As of June 30, 2014, we had approximately 4,200 employees, including approximately 2,200 teachers. A majority of these employees are located in the United States. In addition, there are approximately 3,000 teachers who are employed by virtual or blended public schools that we manage under turn-key solution contracts with those schools but are not direct employees of K12. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement; however, certain managed public schools we serve employ unionized teachers. We believe that our employee relations are good. 28 Corporate Information Our principal executive office is located at 2300 Corporate Park Drive, Herndon, Virginia 20171 and our telephone number is (703) 483-7000. Our website address is www.K12.com. Available Information We make available, free of charge through our website, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’), promptly after they are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ‘‘SEC’’). Our earnings conference calls are web cast live via our website. In addition to visiting our website, you may read and copy public reports we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549, or at www.sec.gov. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Information contained on our website is expressly not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. 29 REGULATION We and the virtual and blended public schools that we serve are subject to regulation by each of the states in which we operate. The state laws and regulations that impact our business are primarily those that authorize or restrict our ability to operate these schools, as well as the applicable funding mechanisms. To the extent these schools receive federal funds, such as through a grant program or financial support dedicated for the education of low-income families, these schools also become subject to additional federal regulation. State Laws Authorizing or Restricting Virtual and Blended Public Schools. The authority to operate a virtual or blended public school is dependent on the laws and regulations of each state. Laws and regulations vary significantly from one state to the next and are constantly evolving. In states that have implemented specific legislation to support virtual and blended public schools, the schools are able to operate under these statutes. Other states provide for virtual and blended public schools under existing public charter school legislation or provide that school districts and/or state education agencies may authorize them. Some states do not currently have legislation that provides for virtual and blended public schools or have requirements that effectively prohibit such schools and, as a result, may require new legislation before virtual and blended public schools can open in the state. We currently serve virtual and blended public schools or school district-led programs in 33 states plus the District of Columbia. Obtaining new legislation in these remaining states can be a protracted and uncertain process. When determining whether to pursue expansion into new states in which the laws are ambiguous, we research the relevant legislation and political climate and then make an assessment of the perceived likelihood of success before deciding to commit resources. Specifically, we take into account numerous factors including, but not limited to, the regulations of the state educational authorities, whether the overall political environment is amenable to school choice, whether current funding levels for virtual school and blended schools enrollments are adequate and accessible, and the presence of non-profit and for-profit competitors in the state. State Laws and Regulations Applicable to Virtual and Blended Public Schools. Virtual and blended public schools that purchase our curriculum and management services are often governed and overseen by a non-profit or a local or state education agency, such as an independent public charter school board, local school district or state education authority. We generally receive funds for products and services rendered to operate virtual public schools or blended schools under detailed service agreements with that governing authority. Virtual and blended public schools are typically funded by state or local governments on a per student basis. A virtual or blended public school that fails to comply with the state laws and regulations applicable to it may be required to repay these funds and could become ineligible for receipt of future state funds. To be eligible for state funding, some states require that virtual and blended public schools be organized under not-for-profit charters exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the ‘‘Code’’). The schools must then be operated exclusively for charitable educational purposes, and not for the benefit of private, for-profit management companies. The board or governing authority of the not-for-profit virtual or blended public school must retain ultimate accountability and control for the school’s operations to retain its tax-exempt status. It may not delegate its responsibility and accountability for the school’s operations. Our service agreements with these virtual and blended public schools are therefore structured to ensure the full independence of the not-for-profit board and preserve its arms-length ability to exercise its fiduciary obligations to operate a virtual or blended public school. Laws and regulations affect many aspects of operating a virtual or blended public school. They can dictate the content and sequence of the curriculum, the requirements to earn a diploma, use of approved textbooks, the length of the school year and the school day, the accessibility of curriculum and technology to students with disabilities, teacher:student ratios, the assessment of student performance and any 30 accountability requirements. In addition, a virtual or blended public school may be obligated to comply with states’ requirements to offer programs for specific populations, such as students at risk of dropping out of school, advanced and talented students, non-English speaking students, pre-kindergarten students and students with disabilities. Tutoring services and the use of technology may also be regulated. Other state laws and regulations may affect the school’s compulsory attendance requirements, treatment of absences and make-up work, and access by parents to student records and teaching and testing materials. Additionally, states have various requirements concerning the privacy and reporting of extensive student data that may apply to the school. A virtual or blended public school may have to comply with state requirements that school campuses report various types of data as performance indicators of the success of the program. States have laws and regulations concerning certification, training, experience and continued professional development of teachers and staff with which a virtual or blended public school may be required to comply. There are also numerous laws pertaining to employee salaries and benefits, statewide teacher retirement systems, workers’ compensation, unemployment benefits and matters related to employment agreements and procedures for termination of school employees. A virtual or blended public school must also comply with requirements for performing criminal background checks on school staff, reporting criminal activity by school staff and reporting suspected child abuse. As with any public school, virtual and blended public schools must comply with state laws and regulations applicable to governmental entities, such as open meetings or sunshine laws, which may require the board of trustees of a virtual or blended public school to provide advance public notice of and hold its meetings open to the public unless an exception in the law allows an executive session. Failure to comply with these requirements may lead to personal civil and/or criminal penalties for board members or officers or the invalidation of actions taken during meetings that were not properly noticed and open to the public. Virtual and blended public schools must also comply with public information or open records laws, which require them to make school records available for public inspection, review and copying unless a specific exemption in the law applies. Additionally laws pertaining to records privacy and retention and to standards for maintenance of records apply to virtual and blended public schools. Other types of regulation applicable to virtual and blended public schools include restrictions on the use of public funds, the types of investments made with public funds, the collection of and use of student fees and controlling accounting and financial management practices. There remains uncertainty about the extent to which virtual and blended public schools we serve may be required to comply with state laws and regulations applicable to traditional public schools because the concept of virtual and blended public schools is still relatively new. Although we receive state funds indirectly, according to the terms of each service agreement with the local public school entity, our receipt of state funds subjects us to extensive state regulation and scrutiny. States routinely conduct audits of these schools, to verify enrollment, attendance, fiscal accountability, special education services and other regulatory issues. While we may believe that a virtual public school or blended school we serve is compliant with state law, an agency’s different interpretation of law in a particular state, or the application of facts to such law, could result in findings of non-compliance, potentially affecting funding. Regulations Restricting Virtual and Blended Public School Growth and Funding. As a public schooling alternative, some state and regulatory authorities have elected to proceed cautiously with virtual and blended public schools while providing opportunities for taxpayer families seeking this alternative. Regulations that control the growth of virtual and blended public schools range from setting caps on statewide student enrollments, to prescribing the number of schools in a state, to limiting the percentage of time students may receive instruction online. Funding regulations can also have this effect. Regulations that hinder our ability to serve certain jurisdictions include: restrictions on student eligibility, such as mandating attendance at a traditional public school prior to enrolling in a virtual or blended public school; caps on the total number of students in a virtual or blended public school; 31 restrictions on grade levels served; geographic limitations on enrollments; fixing the percentage of per pupil funding that must be paid to teachers; state-specific curriculum requirements; and limits on the number of charters that can be granted in a state. Funding regulations for virtual public schools and blended schools can take a variety of forms. These regulations include: (i) attendance—some state daily attendance rules were designed for traditional classroom procedures and applying them to track daily attendance and truancy in an online setting can cause disputes to arise over interpretation and funding; (ii) enrollment eligibility—some states place restrictions on the students seeking to enroll in virtual and blended public schools, resulting in lower aggregate funding levels; and (iii) teacher contact time—some states have regulations that specify minimum levels of teacher-student face-to-face time. These regulations can create logistical challenges for statewide virtual and blended public schools, reduce funding and eliminate some of the economic, academic and technological advantages of virtual learning. Federal and State Grants. We have worked with some entities to secure public and grant funding that flows to virtual and blended public schools that we serve. These grants are awarded to the not-for-profit entity that holds the charter of the virtual or blended public school on a competitive basis in some instances and on an entitlement basis in other instances. Grants awarded to public schools and programs— whether by a federal or state agency or nongovernmental organization—often include reporting requirements, procedures and obligations. Foreign Laws and Regulations. Schools we operate in other countries are subject to local laws and regulations. We oversee and rely on the administrators in each school on a continuous basis and seek the advice of local legal and regulatory experts as-needed. Federal Laws Applicable to Virtual Public Schools and Blended Schools Five primary federal laws are directly applicable to the day-to-day provision of educational services we provide to virtual and blended public schools: (cid:127) No Child Left Behind Act (‘‘NCLB’’) and NCLB Waivers. Through the funding of the Title I programs for disadvantaged students under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (‘‘ESEA’’), as amended by NCLB, the federal government requires public schools to develop a state accountability system based on academic standards and assessments developed by the state. Each state must determine a proficiency level of academic achievement based on the state assessments, and must determine what constitutes adequate yearly progress (‘‘AYP’’) toward that goal. NCLB set a deadline to ensure that no later than the 2013-14 school year, 100% of students, including those in all identified subgroups (such as economically disadvantaged, limited English proficient and minority students), must meet or exceed the state proficient level of academic achievement on state assessments. If a Title I school does not make adequate yearly progress as defined in the state’s plan, the local education agency (‘‘LEA’’) is required to identify the school as needing school improvement, which triggers a series of mandated consequences for school improvement, such as an option for students to transfer to another public school served by the LEA, which may include a virtual or blended public school. If the school does not make adequate yearly progress in subsequent years, other corrective action must be taken including, but not limited to, providing supplemental education services to the students who remain in the school, replacing school staff, implementing a new curriculum, extending the school year or the school day, reopening the school as a public charter school with a private management company or turning over the operation of the school to the state educational agency. Beginning in 2011, it became clear that the NCLB goal of 100% of students reaching proficiency by 2014 was unrealistic, among other learned shortcomings in the law, and the U.S. Department of Education (‘‘DOE’’) announced a policy that would allow states to apply for waivers of certain NCLB requirements, including the key accountability provisions, in exchange for agreeing to new principled-based reforms. To 32 qualify for an NCLB waiver, a state must: (i) adopt college and career-ready standards for reading and math (with assessment standards that measure student achievement growth), (ii) establish annual measurable objectives (‘‘AMOs’’) that can include different target achievement levels for different districts, schools or student groups, (iii) develop and implement teacher and principal evaluation and support systems, and (iv) evaluate and remove duplicative and burdensome state reporting requirements. As of July 2014, 42 states plus the District of Columbia have obtained NCLB waivers, as well as eight school districts in California after their state application was denied. Only four states have not applied for waivers and waivers are pending for two states. Of the 33 states and the District of Columbia where we currently serve students in Managed Public Schools, 29 states and the District of Columbia have received waivers from the DOE. Of the remaining four jurisdictions where we manage schools, Wyoming and Iowa are pursuing waivers. California has chosen not to continue pursuing a waiver, and Washington had its waiver revoked in April 2014. Another provision of the NCLB requires public school programs to ensure that all teachers are highly qualified in core subjects. A highly qualified teacher means one who has: (i) obtained full state certification or licensure as a teacher and who has not had certification or licensure requirements waived on an emergency, temporary or provisional basis; (ii) obtained a bachelor’s degree; and (iii) demonstrated competence in the academic subject the teacher teaches. All teacher aides working in a school supported with Title I funds must be highly qualified which means the person must have a high school diploma or its equivalent and one of the following: completed at least two years of study in an institution of higher education, obtained an associate’s or higher degree, or met a rigorous standard of quality demonstrated through a formal state or local assessment. Virtual and blended public schools using our products and services may be required to meet these requirements for any persons who perform instructional services. Under NCLB, even schools that do not receive Title I funding must provide certain notices to parents. For example, schools may be required to provide a school report card and identify whether any school has been identified as needing improvement and for how long. Parents also must be provided data that will be used to determine adequate yearly progress. Virtual and blended public schools may be contacted by military recruiters who have the right to access the names, addresses and telephone numbers of secondary school students for military recruiting purposes. Additionally, virtual public schools and blended schools may be required to notify parents that they have the option to request that this information not be released to military recruiters or to institutions of higher education. (cid:127) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (‘‘IDEA’’). The IDEA is implemented through regulations governing every aspect of the special education of a child with one or more of the specific disabilities listed in the Act. The IDEA created a responsibility on the part of a school to identify students who may qualify under the IDEA and to perform periodic assessments to determine the students’ needs for services. A student who qualifies for services under the IDEA must have in place an individual education plan, which must be updated at least annually, created by a team consisting of school personnel, the student, and the parent. This plan must be implemented in a setting where the child with a disability is educated with non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. The Act provides the student and parents with numerous due process rights relating to the student’s program and education, including the right to seek mediation of disputes and make complaints to the state education agency. The schools we manage are responsible for ensuring the requirements of this Act are met. The virtual public schools and blended schools could be required to comply with requirements in the Act concerning teacher certification and training. We, the virtual public school or the blended school could be required to provide additional staff, related services and supplemental aids and services at our own cost to comply with the requirement to provide a free appropriate public education to each child covered under the IDEA. If we fail to meet this requirement, we, the virtual public school or blended school liable for compensatory educational services, could lose federal funding and could be 33 reimbursement to the parent for educational service the parent provided and payment of the parent’s attorney’s fees. (cid:127) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. A virtual public school or blended school receiving federal funds is subject to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (‘‘Section 504’’) insofar as the regulations implementing the Act govern the education of students with disabilities as well as personnel and parents. Section 504 prohibits discrimination against a person on the basis of disability in any program receiving federal financial assistance if the person is otherwise qualified to participate in or receive benefit from the program. Students with disabilities not specifically listed in the IDEA may be entitled to specialized instruction or related services pursuant to Section 504 if their disability substantially limits a major life activity. Beginning in 2011, the Office of Civil Rights (‘‘OCR’’) of the United States Department of Education interpreted both Section 504 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act to apply to elementary and secondary schools and to require that students with disabilities be afforded substantially equivalent ease of use as students without disabilities. As applied to online public schools, such ‘‘web accessibility’’ requires technical capabilities similar to those applied to procurements of information technology by the federal government under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act or 1973 or standards adopted by the world-wide web consortium. If a school fails to comply with the requirements and the procedural safeguards of Section 504, it may lose federal funds even though these funds flow indirectly to the school through a local board. In the case of bad faith or intentional wrongdoing, some courts have awarded monetary damages to prevailing parties in Section 504 lawsuits. (cid:127) Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. Virtual public schools and blended schools are also subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (‘‘FERPA’’) which protects the privacy of a student’s educational records and generally prohibits a school from disclosing a student’s records to a third party without the parent’s prior consent. The law also gives parents certain procedural rights with respect to their minor children’s education records. A school’s failure to comply with this law may result in termination of its eligibility to receive federal education funds. (cid:127) Communications Decency Act. The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (‘‘CDA’’) provides protection for online service providers against legal action being taken against them because of certain actions of others. For example, the CDA states that no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any data given by another provider of information content. Further, Section 230 of the CDA grants interactive online services of all types, broad immunity from tort liability so long as the information at issue is provided or posted by a third party. As part of our technology services offering, we provide an online school platform on which teachers and students may communicate. We also conduct live classroom sessions using Internet-based collaboration software and we offer certain online community platforms for students and parents. While the CDA affords us with some protection from liability associated with the interactive online services we offer, there are exceptions to the CDA that could result in successful actions against us that give rise to financial liability. If we fail to comply with other federal laws, including federal civil rights laws not specific to education programs, we could be determined ineligible to receive funds from federal programs or face criminal or civil penalties. Finally, there are also other federal laws and regulations that affect other aspects of our business such as the identify theft rules adopted by the Federal Trade Commission and for which we have adopted policies to ensure compliance. 34 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Risks Related to Government Funding and Regulation of Public Education Most of our revenues depend on per pupil funding amounts and payment formulas remaining near the levels existing at the time we execute service agreements with the Managed Public Schools we serve. If those funding levels or formulas are materially reduced or modified due to economic conditions or political opposition, new restrictions adopted or payments delayed, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. The public schools we contract with are financed with government funding from federal, state and local taxpayers. Our business is primarily dependent upon those funds. Budget appropriations for education at all levels of government are determined through the political process, which may also be affected by conditions in the economy at large, such as the recessionary climate in the United States which led to budgetary pressures on state and local governments from 2008-2013 and significant declines in public school funding. The political process and general economic conditions create a number of risks that could have an adverse effect on our business including the following: (cid:127) Legislative proposals can and have resulted in budget or program cuts for public education, including the virtual and blended public schools and school districts we serve, and therefore have reduced and could potentially limit or eliminate the products and services those schools purchase from us, causing our revenues to decline. From time to time, proposals are introduced in state legislatures that single out virtual and blended public schools for disparate treatment. (cid:127) Economic conditions could reduce state education funding for all public schools, and could be disproportionate for the Managed Public Schools we serve. Our annual revenue growth is impacted by changes in federal, state and district per pupil funding levels. For example, due to the budgetary problems arising from the recession, many states reduced per pupil funding for public education affecting many of the public schools we serve, including even abrupt mid-year cuts in certain states, which in some cases were retroactively applied to the start of the school year as a result of formulaic adjustments. In addition, as we enter into service agreements with multiple Managed Public Schools in a single state, the aggregate impact of funding reductions applicable to those schools could be material. We have service agreements with 15 schools in California, for example, and while each school is independent with its own governing authority and no single Managed Public School accounts for more than ten percent of our revenue, regulatory actions that affect the level or timing of payments for all similarly situated schools in that state could adversely affect our financial condition. At this time, many states still have budget issues. The specific level of federal, state and district funding for the coming years is not yet known and, taken as a whole, it is reasonable to believe that a number of the public schools we serve could experience lower per pupil enrollment funding, while others may increase funding as the economic conditions improve. (cid:127) As a public company, we are required to file periodic financial and other disclosure reports with the SEC. This information may be referenced in the legislative process, including budgetary considerations, related to the funding of alternative public school options, including virtual public schools and blended schools. The disclosure of this information by a for-profit education company, regardless of parent satisfaction and student performance, may nonetheless be used by opponents of virtual and blended public schools to propose funding reductions or restrictions. (cid:127) From time to time, government funding to schools is not provided when due, which sometimes causes the affected schools to delay payments to us for our products and services. These payment delays have occurred in the past and can deprive us of significant working capital until the matter is resolved, which could hinder our ability to implement our growth strategies and conduct our business. For example, in fiscal year 2012, due to shortfalls in its general revenue funds, California 35 announced that it would be deferring its per-student attendance payments to all public schools until early fiscal year 2013, which significantly increased our accounts receivable balance. The poor performance or misconduct by us or operators of other virtual public schools, public school district virtual learning programs or blended schools could tarnish the reputation of all the school operators in our industry, which could have a negative impact on our business. As a non-traditional form of public education, online public school operators will be subject to scrutiny, perhaps even greater than that applied to traditional brick and mortar public schools or public charter schools. Not all virtual public school, school district virtual learning program or blended school operators will have successful academic programs or operate efficiently, and new entrants may not perform well either. Such underperformance could create the impression that virtual schooling is not an effective way to educate students, whether or not our learning systems achieve satisfactory performance. Consistently poor academic performance could also lead to termination of an approved provider status in some jurisdictions. Beyond academic performance issues, some virtual school operators have been subject to governmental investigations alleging the misuse of public funds or financial irregularities. These allegations have attracted significant adverse media coverage and have prompted legislative hearings and regulatory responses. Although these investigations have focused on specific companies and individuals, or even entire industries in the case of for-profit higher education companies, they may negatively impact public perceptions of virtual public schools, public school district virtual learning programs or blended school providers generally, including us. The precise impact of these negative public perceptions on our current and future business is difficult to discern, in part because of the number of states in which we operate and the range of particular malfeasance or performance issues involved. We have incurred significant costs in several states advocating against harmful legislation which, in our opinion, was aggravated by negative media coverage about us or other operators. If these few situations, or any additional misconduct, cause all virtual public school, school district virtual learning program and blended school providers to be viewed by the public and/or policymakers unfavorably, we may find it difficult to expand into new states or enter into or renew contracts to operate virtual or blended schools. In addition, this perception could serve as the impetus for more restrictive legislation, which could limit our future business opportunities, such as the recent restrictions enacted in Tennessee which cap enrollment growth in schools with weak academic performance. Opponents of virtual and blended public schools have sought to challenge the establishment and expansion of such schools through the judicial process. If these interests prevail, it could damage our ability to sustain or grow our current business or expand in certain jurisdictions. We have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to public policy lawsuits filed against virtual and blended schools by those who do not share our belief in the value of this form of public education. Whether or not we are a named party to these lawsuits, legal claims have involved challenges to the constitutionality of authorizing statutes, methods of instructional delivery, funding provisions and the respective roles of parents and teachers. For example, in 2014, the New Jersey Education Association, the state affiliate of a national teachers union, challenged the grant of a charter to the Newark Preparatory Charter School that was contracting with us for educational products and services. The court denied the union’s challenge and sustained the grant of the charter. In the Matter of the Grant of a Charter to the Merit Preparatory Charter Sch. and in the Matter of the Grant of a Charter to the Newark Preparatory Charter Sch., 435 N.J. Super. 273 (App Div. 2014) 36 Should we fail to comply with the laws and regulations applicable to the Managed Public Schools and the Institutional Sales districts we serve, such failures could result in a loss of public funding and an obligation to repay funds previously received, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Once authorized by law, virtual and blended public schools are generally subject to extensive regulation, as are the school districts served by our Institutional Sales business. These regulations cover specific program standards and financial requirements including, but not limited to: (i) student eligibility standards; (ii) numeric and geographic limitations on enrollments; (iii) state-specific curriculum requirements; (iv) restrictions on open-enrollment policies by and among districts; (v) prescribed teacher: student ratios and teacher funding allocations from per pupil funding; and (vi) teacher certification and reporting requirements. State and federal funding authorities conduct regular program and financial audits of the public schools we serve to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. If a final determination of non-compliance is made, additional funds may be withheld which could impair that school’s ability to pay us for services in a timely manner, or the school could be required to repay funds received during the period of non-compliance. Additionally, the indemnity provisions in our standard service agreements with virtual and blended public schools and school districts may require us to return any contested funds on behalf of the school. Virtual and blended public schools are relatively new, and enabling legislation therefore is often ambiguous and subject to discrepancies in interpretation by regulatory authorities, which may lead to disputes over our ability to invoice and receive payments for services rendered. Statutory language providing for virtual and blended public schools is sometimes interpreted by regulatory authorities in ways that may vary from year to year making compliance subject to uncertainty. More issues normally arise during our first few school years of doing business in a state because the enabling legislation often does not address specific issues, such as what constitutes proper documentation for enrollment eligibility in a virtual or blended school. From time to time there are changes to the regulators’ approach to determining the eligibility of virtual or blended school students for funding purposes. Another issue may be differing interpretations on what constitutes a student’s substantial completion of a semester in a public school. These regulatory uncertainties may lead to disputes over our ability to invoice and receive payments for services rendered, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The operation of virtual and blended public charter schools depends on the maintenance of the authorizing charter and compliance with applicable laws. If these charters are not renewed, our contracts with these schools would be terminated. In many cases, virtual and blended public schools operate under a charter that is granted by a state or local authorizer to the charter holder, such as a community group or an established not-for-profit corporation, which typically is required by state law to qualify for student funding. In fiscal year 2014, approximately 88% of our revenue was derived from Managed Public Schools, the majority of which were virtual and blended public schools operating under a charter. The service agreement for these schools is with the charter holder or the charter board. Non-profit public charter schools qualifying for exemption from federal taxation under Code Section 501(c)(3) as charitable organizations must also operate on an arms-length basis in accordance with Internal Revenue Service rules and policies to maintain that status and their funding eligibility. In addition, all state public charter school statutes require periodic reauthorization. If a virtual or blended public school we manage fails to maintain its tax-exempt status and funding eligibility, or if its charter is revoked for non-performance or other reasons that may be due to actions of the independent charter board completely outside of our control, our contract with that school would be terminated. 37 Actual or alleged misconduct by our senior management and directors or officials could make it more difficult for us to enter into new contracts or renew existing contracts. If we or any of our current or former directors, officers, key employees or officials are accused or found to be guilty of serious crimes or civil violations, including the mismanagement or improper accounting of public funds, or violations of the federal securities laws, the schools we serve could be barred or discouraged from entering into or renewing service agreements with us. As a result, our business and revenues would be adversely affected. New laws or regulations not currently applicable to for-profit education companies in the K-12 sector could be enacted and negatively impact our operations and financial results. As the provision of online K-12 public education matures, novel issues may arise that could lead to the enactment of new laws or regulations similar to, or in addition to, laws or regulations applicable to other areas of education and education at different levels. For example, for-profit education companies that own and operate post-secondary colleges depend in significant respect on student loans provided by the federal government to cover tuition expenses, and federal laws prohibit incentive compensation for success in securing enrollments or financial aid to any person engaged in student recruiting or admission activities. In contrast, while students in virtual or blended public K-12 schools are entitled to a free public education with no federal or state loans necessary for tuition, laws could be enacted that make for-profit management companies serving such schools subject to similar or other restrictions. Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry The schools we contract with and serve are governed by independent governing bodies that may shift their priorities or change objectives in ways adverse to us, or react negatively to acquisitions or other transactions. We contract with and provide a majority of our products and services to virtual and blended public schools governed by independent boards or similar governing bodies. While we typically share a common objective at the outset of our business relationship, over time our interests could diverge resulting in changes adverse to our business. For example, in fiscal year 2013, in connection with a one-year charter renewal of the Colorado Virtual Academy (‘‘COVA’’) by its school district authorizer, our interests diverged significantly with the COVA governing authority, which expressed its intention to assume management of the school after the 2013-14 school year while continuing to purchase curriculum and other services from us. If these independent boards of the schools or school districts we serve subsequently shift their priorities or change objectives, and as a result reduce the scope of services and products we provide, or terminate their relationship with us, our ability to generate revenues would be adversely affected. Our contracts with the Managed Public Schools we serve are subject to periodic renewal, and each year several of these agreements are set to expire. If we are unable to renew several such contracts or if a single significant contract expires during a given year, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be adversely affected. In fiscal year 2014 we had contracts with 73 Managed Public Schools to provide our full range of products and services in 33 states and the District of Columbia. Some of these contracts are scheduled to expire in any given year and may not be renewed or may be renewed on terms much less favorable to us. Due to significant advance notice provisions or on the request of a school’s charter authority, we usually begin to engage in renewal negotiations before and during the final year of these contracts and any renewed contract could involve a restructuring of our services and management arrangements that could lower our revenue or even change how revenue and expenses are recognized. For example, in fiscal year 2014, the Agora Cyber Charter School (‘‘Agora’’) elected to use a request for proposal process for the services and products required to operate the school for the 2015-16 school year in connection with its charter renewal application. Agora accounted for 13% of the Company’s revenue in fiscal year 2014. If we 38 are unable to renew contracts such as Agora or if contract renewals have significantly less favorable terms or unbundle previously provided services, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be adversely affected. If the schools we serve fail to enroll or reenroll a sufficient number of students, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. Our revenues are a direct function of how many students are enrolled in the Managed Public Schools we serve, the number of school districts and students who subscribe to the programs offered in our Institutional Sales business, and the enrollments in our three international and private pay schools. Because families have alternative choices both within and outside the public school system for educating their children, it is typical during each school year that some students withdraw from schools using our online education services and switch to their traditional local public schools, other charter school alternatives or private schools. While the Managed Public Schools we serve also accept new student enrollment throughout the year where permitted, generally our average student enrollment declines as the school year progresses such that we serve on average fewer students at the end of any given school year than at the beginning of the year. If the Managed Public Schools we serve experience higher withdrawal rates during the year and/or enroll fewer new students as the year progresses than we have experienced in the past, our revenues, result of operations and financial conditions would be adversely affected. Similarly, at the start of each new school year students who had remained enrolled through the end of the previous year may have graduated from eighth or twelfth grade or have left our Managed Public Schools for any number of reasons. To the extent our Managed Public Schools we serve do not retain previously enrolled students from the prior year, they must attract new students at the start of the year to sustain their average student enrollment year over year, as well as to grow their enrollment each year, based upon enrollment objectives determined by the governing authority of those schools. If the schools we serve in the aggregate are able only to sustain prior year enrollment levels, our revenues may not grow from the prior year, absent improved revenue capture or the addition of new schools. More fundamentally, if average student enrollment at the schools we serve declines from one year to the next, our revenues, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. We also contract with Managed Public Schools and schools districts to provide marketing and enrollment services to the schools, and we provide similar services directly to our international and private pay schools. Efforts on our part to sustain or increase enrollments in the face of higher student withdrawals or fewer returning students at the start of a school year may lead to higher costs for us, and may adversely affect our operating margin. If we are unsuccessful in our marketing plan or enrollment processes for the schools, the average student enrollment at the schools may not grow as anticipated or could even decline, and adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition. The student demographics at the schools we serve have been changing, which can lead to higher costs and affect our ability to sustain or grow our operating income. The schools we serve are publicly funded and are obligated to accept all students meeting state or district criteria for enrollment. Because an online education environment may offer a better educational opportunity for students falling behind grade level, the Managed Public Schools we serve have experienced in recent years a higher at-risk student population, requiring supplemental services and closer one-on-one involvement by teachers and school personnel, leading to higher costs to us in providing full management and curriculum services to the schools. The schools we serve also enroll a significant percentage of special needs students with learning and/or physical disabilities, which also add to our total costs. Education of high school students is generally more costly than K-8 as more teachers with subject matter expertise (e.g. chemistry, calculus) must be hired to support an expansive curriculum, electives, and 39 counseling services. As the relative percentage of high school students increases as part of the total average enrollment in our Managed Public Schools, our costs are likely to increase. As our costs structure evolves due to the demographics, educational profile and mix of the students enrolled in our Managed Public Schools, our profit margins may decline, and we may have increasing difficulty in sustaining or growing our operating income commensurate with our revenues. If student performance falls, state accountability standards are not achieved, teachers or administrators tamper with state test scoring, or parent and student satisfaction declines, a significant number of students may not remain enrolled in a virtual or blended public school that we serve, or charters may not be renewed or enrollment caps could be put in place, or enrollment practices could be limited and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. The success of our business depends in part on the choice of a family to have their child begin or continue his or her education in a virtual or blended public school that we serve. This decision is based on many factors, including student performance and parent and student satisfaction. Students may perform significantly below state averages or the virtual or blended public school may fail to meet state accountability standards or the standards of the No Child Left Behind Act (‘‘NCLB’’) where still applicable, or the conditions of waivers to NCLB requirements granted to states by the U.S. Department of Education. Like many traditional brick and mortar public schools, not all of the Managed Public Schools we serve meet the Adequate Yearly Progress (‘‘AYP’’) requirements of NCLB, or one of these other benchmarks, as large numbers of new enrollments from students underperforming in traditional schools can lower overall results or the underperformance of any one subgroup can lead to the entire school failing to achieve AYP and potentially lead to the school’s closure. For example, in Tennessee, the Commissioner of Education has statutory authority to close a virtual school if an accountability trigger is met. In addition, although serving academically at-risk students is an important aspect of our mission to educate any child regardless of circumstance, the performance of these students can adversely affect a school’s standing under federal and state accountability systems. We expect that, as our enrollments increase and the portion of students that have not used our learning systems for multiple years increases, the average performance of all students using our learning systems may decrease, even if the individual performance of other students improves over time. This effect may also be exacerbated if students enrolled in schools that we provide services to or acquire are predominately below state proficiency standards. Moreover, Congress may amend the NCLB statute or state authorities may change their testing benchmarks in ways that negatively impact the schools we serve. Students in the Managed Public Schools we serve are required to periodically complete standardized state testing and the results of this testing may have an impact on school funding. Furthermore, in states granted NCLB waivers to adopt innovative accountability systems that consider student growth and school progress, if a school experiences repeated poor test results, those waivers allow such schools to create their own turnaround plans and interventions to address the largest achievement gaps, which in turn could impact our instructional costs. Further, to avoid the consequences of failing to meet applicable required proficiency or accountability standards, teachers or school administrators may engage in improperly altering student test scores, especially if teacher performance and compensation is evaluated on these results. Finally, parent and student satisfaction may decline as not all parents and students are able to devote the substantial time and effort necessary to complete our curriculum. A student’s satisfaction may also suffer if his or her relationship with the virtual or blended public school teacher does not meet expectations. If student performance or satisfaction declines, students may decide not to remain enrolled in a virtual or blended public school that we serve and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. 40 The transition to Common Core State Standards and Common Core Assessments could result in a decline in state test scores that might adversely affect our enrollment and financial conditions. Many states have adopted the CCSS prior to selecting the Common Core Assessments used to evaluate student performance under those new CCSS standards. As a result, it has been reported in many states that students learning under the CCSS but continuing to be tested under the existing state proficiency tests have experienced sharp declines in test results. As the fully-managed schools we serve undertake this transition, and given the growing number of at-risk students enrolling in these schools, academic performance could temporarily or permanently suffer such that these schools may become a less attractive alternative, enrollments could decline, and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted. Mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures present many risks, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals that formed the basis for the transaction. When strategic opportunities arise to expand our business, we may acquire or invest in other companies using cash, stock, debt, asset contributions or any combination thereof. We may face risks in connection with these or other future transactions, including the possibility that we may not realize the anticipated cost and revenue synergies or further the strategic purpose of any acquisition if our forecasts do not materialize. The pursuit of acquisitions may divert the resources that could otherwise be used to support and grow our existing lines of business. Acquisitions may also create multiple and overlapping product lines that are offered, priced and supported differently, which could cause customer confusion and delays in service. Customers may decline to renew their contracts or the contracts of acquired businesses might not allow us to recognize revenues on the same basis. These transactions may also divert our management’s attention and our ongoing business may be disrupted by acquisition, transition or integration activities. In addition, we may have difficulty separating, transitioning and integrating an acquired company’s systems and the associated costs in doing so may be higher than we anticipate. There may also be other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition associated with the expansion of our business through acquisitions. We may fail to identify or assess the magnitude of certain liabilities, shortcomings or other circumstances prior to acquiring a company or technology, which could result in unexpected accounting treatment, unexpected increases in taxes due or a loss of anticipated tax benefits. Our use of cash to pay for acquisitions may limit other potential uses of our cash, including investment in other areas of our business, stock repurchases, dividend payments and retirement of outstanding indebtedness. If we issue a significant amount of equity for future acquisitions, existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease. We may pay more than the acquired company or assets are ultimately worth and we may have underestimated our costs in continuing the support and development of an acquired company’s products. Our operating results may be adversely impacted by liabilities resulting from a stock or asset acquisition, which may be costly, disruptive to our business, or lead to litigation. We may be unable to obtain required approvals from governmental authorities on a timely basis, if it all, which could, among other things, delay or prevent us from completing a transaction, otherwise restrict our ability to realize the expected financial or strategic goals of an acquisition or have other adverse effects on our current business and operations. We may face contingencies related to intellectual property, financial disclosures, and accounting practices or internal controls. Finally, we may not be able to retain key executives of an acquired company. The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the case of a larger acquisition or several concurrent acquisitions. 41 If demand for increased options in public schooling does not continue or if additional states do not authorize or adequately fund virtual or blended public schools, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Over the previous five fiscal years, we entered into service agreements for fully-managed virtual public schools and blended schools in many new states bringing our total to 33 states and the District of Columbia for the 2013-14 school year. In fiscal year 2014, Maine was added to the list of states that now permit virtual public schools, although we do not currently operate in that state. Without adding additional states, our Managed Public School revenues may become increasing dependent on serving more virtual schools in existing states. We also may not be able to fill available enrollment slots as forecasted. If the demand for virtual and blended public schools does not increase, if the remaining states are hesitant to authorize virtual or blended public schools, if enrollment caps are not removed or raised, or if the funding of such schools is inadequate, our opportunities for growth and our ability to sustain our revenues, results from operations and financial conditions would be adversely affected. Increasing competition in the education industry sectors that we serve could lead to pricing pressures, reduced operating margins, loss of market share, departure of key employees and increased capital expenditures. As a general matter, we face varying degrees of competition from a variety of education providers because our learning systems integrate all the elements of the education development and delivery process, including curriculum development, textbook publishing, teacher training and support, lesson planning, testing and assessment and school performance and compliance management. In both our Managed Public Schools and Institutional Sales businesses, we compete with companies that provide online curriculum and support services. We also compete with public school districts that offer K-12 online programs of their own or in partnership with other online curriculum vendors. We anticipate intensifying competition from such competitors and by new entrants. Our competitors may adopt similar curriculum delivery, school support and marketing approaches, with different pricing and service packages that may have greater appeal than our offerings. For example, price competition in the Institutional Sales business has intensified. In addition, some Managed Public Schools could seek to transition to a self-administered school by seeking competitive alternatives to portions of the products and services now provided entirely by us under our integrated fully managed service agreements. As an example of that type of transition, we recently negotiated a new four-year service agreement with Hawaii Technology Academy that transitioned the school from a fully-managed to a partially-managed program starting in FY 2015. If we are unable to successfully compete for new business, win and renew contracts, including fully managed public school contracts, or students fail to realize sufficient gains in academic performance, our revenues, opportunities for growth and operating margins may decline. Price competition from our current and future competitors could also result in reduced revenues, reduced margins or the failure of our product and service offerings to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance. We may also face competition from publishers of traditional educational materials that are substantially larger than we are and have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources, and may enter the field through acquisitions and mergers. As a result, they may be able to devote more resources and move quickly to develop products and services that are superior to our platform and technologies. We may not have the resources necessary to acquire or compete with technologies being developed by our competitors, which may render our online delivery format less competitive or obsolete. These new and well-funded entrants may also seek to attract our key executives as employees based on their acquired expertise in virtual education where such specialized skills are not widely available. Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with our curriculum and our technology, as well as our ability to increase capital expenditures to sustain the competitive position of our product and retain our talent base. We cannot assure that we will have the financial resources, technical expertise, marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete effectively. 42 Regulatory frameworks on the accessibility of technology are continually evolving due to legislative and administrative developments and the rapid evolution of technology, which could result in increased product development costs and compliance risks. Our online curriculum is made available to students through computers and other display devices connected to the Internet. This curriculum includes a combination of software applications that include graphics, pictures, videos, animations, sounds and interactive content that present challenges to people with disabilities. A number of states and federal authorities have considered or are considering how electronic and information technology procured with state funds should be made accessible to persons with such disabilities. To the extent they enact or interpret laws and regulations to require greater accessibility, we will have to modify our curriculum offerings to satisfy those requirements. For example, in March 2014, the OCR entered into an agreement with the South Carolina Charter School District (‘‘District’’) to ensure that the seven internet-based public charter schools in the state provide students with disabilities an equal opportunity to access each school’s website and online learning environment by December 31, 2015, in compliance with Section 504 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In addition, to the extent that we enter into federal government contracts or Section 508 standards are adopted by regulators, similar requirements could be imposed on us under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974. If requirements or technology evolves in such a way as to accelerate or alter the need to make all curriculums accessible, we could incur significant product development costs on an accelerated basis. A failure to meet required accessibility needs could also result in loss or termination of significant contracts or in potential legal liability. We generate significant revenues from two virtual public schools, and the termination, revocation, expiration or modification of our contracts with these virtual public schools could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation. In fiscal year 2014, we derived approximately 10% and 13% of our revenues, respectively, from the Ohio Virtual Academy and the Agora Cyber Charter School in Pennsylvania. As noted above, the Agora School recently commenced a RFP process for the services and products required to operate the school for the 2015-16 school year in connection with its charter renewal application. If our contracts with either of these virtual public schools are terminated, the charters to operate either of these schools are not renewed or are revoked, enrollments decline substantially, funding is reduced, or more restrictive legislation is enacted, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our Managed Public School business revenues are based in part on our estimate of the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year and our estimate of the full year expenses to be incurred by each school. As a result, differences between our quarterly estimates and the actual funds received and expenses incurred could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and cash flows. We recognize revenues ratably from certain of our fees charged to Managed Public Schools over the course of our fiscal year. To determine the pro rata amount of revenues to recognize in a fiscal quarter, we estimate the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Additionally, we take responsibility for any operating deficits incurred at most of the Managed Public Schools we serve. Because this may impair our ability to collect the full amount invoiced in a period and therefore collection cannot reasonably be assured, we reduce revenues by the estimated pro rata amount of the school’s operating loss. We review our estimates of total funds and operating expenses periodically, and we revise as necessary, amortizing any adjustments over the remaining portion of the fiscal year. Actual school funding received and school operating expenses incurred may vary from our estimates or revisions and could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows. 43 Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and adversely impact our working capital and liquidity throughout the year. Our revenues and operating results normally fluctuate as a result of seasonal variations in our business, principally due to the number of months in a fiscal quarter that our school customers are fully operational and serving students. In the typical academic year, our first and fourth fiscal quarters have fewer than three full months of operations, whereas our second and third fiscal quarters will have three complete months of operations. We ship learning kits to students in the beginning of the school year, our first fiscal quarter, generally resulting in higher learning kit revenues and margins in the first fiscal quarter relative to the other quarters. In aggregate, the seasonality of our revenues has generally produced higher revenues in the first quarter of our fiscal year. Our operating expenses are also seasonal. Instructional costs and services increase in the first fiscal quarter primarily due to the costs incurred to ship learning kits at the beginning of the school year. These instructional costs may increase significantly quarter-to-quarter as school operating expenses increase. The majority of our selling and marketing expenses are incurred in the first and fourth fiscal quarters, as our primary enrollment season is July through September. We expect quarterly fluctuations in our revenues and operating results to continue. These fluctuations could result in volatility and adversely affect our cash flow. As our business grows, these seasonal fluctuations may become more pronounced. As a result, we believe that sequential quarterly comparisons of our financial results may not provide an accurate assessment of our financial position. Risks Related to Our Operations We plan to continue to create new products, expand distribution channels and pilot innovative educational programs to enhance academic performance. If we are unable to effectively manage these initiatives or they fail to gain acceptance, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would be adversely affected. As we create and acquire new products, expand our existing customer base and pilot new educational programs, we expect to face challenges distinct from those we currently encounter, including: (cid:127) our continued development of public blended schools and individualized learning centers (also known as Flex schools) which has produced different operational challenges than those we previously encountered. In addition to the online component, these schools sometimes require us to lease facilities for classrooms, staff classrooms with teachers, provide meals and kitchen facilities, adhere to local safety and fire codes, purchase additional insurance and fulfill many other responsibilities; (cid:127) the acquisition or opening of additional managed public schools in states where we already have a contract with such schools can potentially create customer dissatisfaction, confuse prospective parents in the school selection process, and present marketing differentiation challenges depending on the facts and circumstances in that state; (cid:127) our operation of traditional or brick and mortar schools, as well as Flex schools used on a full-time basis by students accessing our curriculum online under the supervision of certified teachers and supporting instructors, has necessitated different management skills and presented additional risks compared to those in our core Managed Public Schools business; (cid:127) our efforts to integrate adaptive learning technologies and solutions into our learning management system, which may require significant investment of resources to develop or acquire to continue to improve our educational programs and student outcomes; 44 (cid:127) operating in international markets may require us to conduct our business differently than we do in the United States or in existing countries. Additionally, we may have difficulty training and retaining qualified teachers or generating sufficient demand for our products and services in international markets. International opportunities will also present us with different legal, operational, tax and currency challenges; (cid:127) the use of our curriculum in classrooms will produce challenges with respect to adapting our curriculum for effective use in a traditional classroom setting; (cid:127) our online private school business is dependent on a tuition-based financial model and may not be able to enroll a sufficient number of students over time to achieve long-run profitability or deliver a high level of customer satisfaction; (cid:127) our participation in summer foreign language instruction camps through MIL, our joint venture with Middlebury College, could generate new legal liabilities and financial consequences associated with our responsibility for students housed on leased college campuses on a 24-hour basis over the duration of the camp; and (cid:127) our continual efforts to innovate and pilot new programs to enhance student learning may not always succeed or may encounter unanticipated opposition. Our failure to manage these business expansion programs, or any new business expansion program or new distribution channel we pursue, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. High quality teachers are critical to the success of our learning systems. If we are not able to continue to recruit, train and retain quality certified teachers, our curriculum might not be effectively delivered to students, compromising their academic performance and our reputation. As a result, our brand, business and operating results may be adversely affected. High quality teachers are critical to maintaining the worth of our learning systems and assisting students with their daily lessons. In addition, teachers in the public schools we manage or who provide instruction in connection with the online programs we offer to school districts, must be state certified (with limited exceptions or temporary waiver provisions in various states), and we must implement effective internal controls in each jurisdiction to ensure valid teacher certifications, as well as the proper matching of certifications with student grade levels and subjects to be taught. Teachers must also possess strong interpersonal communications skills to be able to effectively instruct students in a virtual school setting, and the technical skills to use our technology-based learning systems. There is a limited pool of teachers with these specialized attributes and the Managed Public Schools and school districts we serve must provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain such qualified teachers. The teachers in most Managed Public Schools we serve are not our employees and the ultimate authority relating to those teachers resides with an independent not-for-profit the governing body, which oversees the schools. However, under many of our service agreements with virtual and blended public schools, we have responsibility to recruit, train and manage these teachers. The teacher recruitment and student assignment procedures and processes for both Managed Public Schools and the Institutional Sales businesses must also ensure full compliance with individual state certification and reporting requirements. We must also provide continuous training to virtual and blended public school teachers so they can stay abreast of changes in student demands, academic standards and other key trends necessary to teach online effectively, including measures of effectiveness. We may not be able to recruit, train and retain enough qualified teachers to keep pace with our growth while maintaining consistent teaching quality in the various Managed Schools we serve. Shortages of qualified teachers, failures to ensure proper teacher certifications in each state, or decreases in the quality of our instruction, whether actual or perceived, could have an adverse effect on our Managed Public Schools and Institutional Sales businesses. 45 School teachers are subject to union organizing campaigns, and if the teachers employed by us or at the Managed Pubic Schools we serve join a union, collective bargaining agreements negotiated with union representatives could result in higher operating expenses and the loss of management flexibility and innovation for which charter schools were created. If the teachers at any one of our Managed Public Schools were to join a union, the school authority or we would be obliged to negotiate a collective bargaining agreement with union representatives. Such an agreement could impact teacher salaries, benefits, work rules, restrictions on the teaching work-day and the time devoted to online communications with students, teacher tenure, and limitations on our flexibility to reassign or remove teachers for inadequate performance. This could result in higher expenses for school operations and could impede the sustainability of or any growth in enrollment at the school due to the loss of management flexibility and innovation. This could result in higher costs to us in providing management and curriculum services to the school, and adversely affect our operating margins and overall revenues. We rely on third-party service providers to host some of our solutions and any interruptions or delays in services from these third parties could impair the delivery of our products and harm our business. We currently outsource some of our hosting services to third parties. We do not control the operation of any third party facilities. These facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They are also subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. The occurrence of any of these disasters or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our service. Furthermore, the availability of our platform could be interrupted by a number of additional factors, including our customers’ inability to access the Internet, the failure of our network or software systems due to human or other error, security breaches or ability of the infrastructure to handle spikes in customer usage. Interruptions in our service may reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers. Our business will also be harmed if our customers and potential customers believe our service is unreliable. We operate a complex company-wide enterprise resource planning (‘‘ERP’’) system and if it were to experience significant operating problems, it could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We operate a complex company-wide, integrated ERP system to handle various business, operating and financial processes which handles a variety of important functions, such as order entry, invoicing, accounts receivable, accounts payable, financial consolidation and internal and external financial and management reporting matters. If the ERP experiences significant problems it could result in operational issues including delayed billing and accounting errors and other operational issues which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. System delays or malfunctioning could also disrupt our ability to timely and accurately process and report results of our operations, financial position and cash flows, which could impact our ability to timely complete important business processes. Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and adversely impact our working capital and liquidity throughout the year. Our revenues and operating results normally fluctuate as a result of seasonal variations in our business, principally due to the number of months in a fiscal quarter that our school customers are fully operational and serving students. In the typical academic year, our first and fourth fiscal quarters have fewer than three full months of operations, whereas our second and third fiscal quarters will have three complete months of operations. We ship learning kits to students in the beginning of the school year, our first fiscal quarter, generally resulting in higher learning kit revenues and margins in the first fiscal quarter relative to the other quarters. In aggregate, the seasonality of our revenues has generally produced higher revenues in the first quarter of our fiscal year. 46 Our operating expenses are also seasonal. Instructional costs and services increase in the first fiscal quarter primarily due to the costs incurred to ship learning kits at the beginning of the school year. These instructional costs may increase significantly quarter-to-quarter as school operating expenses increase. The majority of our selling and marketing expenses are incurred in the first and fourth fiscal quarters, as our primary enrollment season is July through September. The continued development of our product and service brands is important to our business. If we are not able to maintain and enhance these brands, our business and operating results may suffer. Enhancing brand awareness is critical to attracting and retaining students, and for serving additional virtual and blended public schools, school districts and online private schools and we intend to spend significant resources to accomplish that objective. These efforts include sales and marketing directed to targeted locations as well as the national marketplace, discreet student populations, the educational community at large, key political groups, image-makers and the media. As we continue to seek to increase enrollments and extend our geographic reach and product and service offerings, maintaining quality and consistency across all of our services and products may become more difficult to achieve, and any significant and well-publicized failure to maintain this quality and consistency will have a detrimental effect on our brands. We cannot provide assurances that our new sales and marketing efforts will be successful in further promoting our brands in a competitive and cost-effective manner. For example, in FY 2014 we discontinued the use of our Aventa Learning and A+ brands and introduced a new brand for marketing all of the curriculum and programs we offer to school districts under the FuelEd brand. If we are unable to further enhance our brand recognition and increase awareness of our products and services, or if we incur excessive sales and marketing expenses, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand. Our patent, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, domain names and other intellectual property rights are important assets. For example, we have been granted three patents relating to the hardware and network infrastructure of our OLS, including the system components for creating and administering assessment tests and our lesson progress tracker and two patents related to foreign language instruction. Additionally, we are the copyright owner of the courses comprising our proprietary curriculum. Various events outside of our control pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For instance, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed or made available through the Internet. Also, the efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Also, protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming. Any unauthorized use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results. It is possible that we may not be able to sufficiently protect our innovations. In addition, given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important. Further, there is always the possibility that the scope of the protection gained will be insufficient or that an issued patent be deemed invalid or unenforceable. We also seek to maintain certain intellectual property as trade secrets. This secrecy could be compromised by outside parties, whether through breach of our network security or otherwise, or by our employees or former employees, intentionally or accidentally, which would cause us to lose the competitive advantage resulting from these trade secrets. Third parties may acquire domain names that are substantially similar to our domain names leading to a decrease in the value of our domain names and trademarks and other proprietary rights. 47 Lawsuits against us alleging infringement of the intellectual property rights of others and such actions would be costly to defend, could require us to pay damages or royalty payments and could limit our ability or increase our costs to use certain technologies in the future. Companies in the Internet, software, technology, education, curriculum and media industries own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We currently face such litigation in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, IpLearn, LLC v. K12 Inc., Case No. 1:11-1026-RGA. Regardless of the merits, intellectual property claims are time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle. In addition, to the extent claims against us are successful, we may have to pay substantial monetary damages or discontinue certain products, services or practices that are found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We also may have to seek a license and make royalty payments to continue offering our products and services or following such practices, which may significantly increase our operating expenses. We may be subject to legal liability resulting from the actions of third parties, including independent contractors, business partners, or teachers, which could cause us to incur substantial costs and damage our reputation. We may be subject, directly or indirectly, to legal claims associated with the actions of or filed by our independent contractors, business partners, or teachers. In the event of accidents or injuries or other harm to students, we could face claims alleging that we were negligent, provided inadequate supervision or were otherwise liable for their injuries and our insurance may not cover the expenses of litigation or settlement amounts. Additionally, we could face claims alleging that our independent curriculum contractors or teachers infringed the intellectual property rights of third parties. A liability claim against us or any of our independent contractors, business partners, or teachers could adversely affect our reputation, enrollment and revenues. Even if unsuccessful, such a claim could create unfavorable publicity, cause us to incur substantial expenses and divert the time and attention of management. Unauthorized disclosure or manipulation of student, teacher and other sensitive data, whether through breach of our network security or otherwise, could expose us to costly litigation or could jeopardize our contracts with virtual public schools or blended schools. Maintaining our network security and internal controls over access rights is of critical importance because our systems stores proprietary and confidential student and teacher information, such as names, addresses, and other personal information. Individuals and groups may develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack or attempt to infiltrate our systems. If our security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, third parties may receive or be able to access student records and we could be subject to liability or our business could be interrupted. Penetration of our network security could have a negative impact on our reputation and could lead virtual public schools, blended schools and parents to choose competitive offerings. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to provide additional protection from the threat of these security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these breaches. Additionally, we run the risk that employees or vendors could illegally disclose confidential educational information. 48 We rely on the Internet to enroll students and to deliver our products and services to children, which exposes us to a growing number of legal risks and increasing regulation. We collect information regarding students during the online enrollment process and a significant amount of our curriculum content is delivered over the Internet. As a result, specific federal and state laws that could have an impact on our business include the following: (cid:127) the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, as implemented by regulations of the Federal Trade Commission (revised July 2013), imposes restrictions on the ability of online companies to collect and use personal information from children under the age of 13; (cid:127) the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, which imposes parental or student consent requirements for specified disclosures of student information to third parties, and emerging state student data privacy laws; (cid:127) the Communications Decency Act, which provides website operators immunity from most claims arising from the publication of third-party content; and (cid:127) numerous state cyberbullying laws which require schools to adopt policies on harassment through the Internet or other electronic communications. In addition, the laws applicable to the Internet are still developing. These laws impact pricing, advertising, taxation, consumer protection, quality of products and services, and are in a state of change. New or amended laws may also be enacted, which could increase the costs of regulatory compliance for us or force us to change our business practices. As a result, we may be exposed to substantial liability, including significant expenses necessary to comply with such laws and regulations. System disruptions and vulnerability from security risks to our online computer networks could impact our ability to generate revenues and damage our reputation, limiting our ability to attract and retain students. The performance and reliability of our technology infrastructure is critical to our reputation and ability to attract and retain virtual public schools, blended schools, school district customers, parents and students. Any sustained system error or failure, or a denial of service (‘‘DNS’’) attack, could limit our users’ access to our online learning systems, and therefore, damage our ability to generate revenues or provide sufficient documentation to comply with state laws requiring proof that students completed the required number of hours of instruction. Our technology infrastructure could be vulnerable to interruption or malfunction due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, terrorist activities and telecommunications failures. We utilize a single logistics vendor at two locations for the management, receiving, assembly and shipping of all of our learning kits and printed educational materials. In addition, we utilize the same vendor at a third location for the reclamation and redeployment of our student computers. This partnership depends upon execution on the part of us and the vendor. Any material failure to execute properly for any reason, including damage or disruption to any of the vendor’s facilities would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Substantially all of the inventory for our learning kits and printed materials is located in two warehouse facilities, both of which are operated by a third-party logistics vendor which handles receipt, assembly and shipping of all physical learning materials. If this logistics vendor were to fail to meet its obligations to deliver learning materials to students in a timely manner, or if a material number of such shipments are incomplete or contain assembly errors, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, we provide computers for a substantial number of our students. Execution or merger integration failures which interfere with the reclamation or redeployment of computers may result in additional costs. Furthermore, a natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage or other unanticipated catastrophic event, especially during the period from April through June when we are awaiting receipt of most of the curriculum materials for the school year and have not yet shipped such 49 materials to students, could significantly disrupt our ability to deliver our products and operate our business. If any of our material inventory items were to experience any significant damage, we would be unable to meet our contractual obligations and our business would suffer. Any significant interruption in the operation of our data centers could cause a loss of data and disrupt our ability to manage our network hardware and software and technological infrastructure. We host our products and serve all of our students from third-party data center facilities. As part of our risk mitigation plan, we opened a second data center in a different geographic location. Even with such redundancy, we may not be able to prevent a significant interruption in the operation of these facilities or the loss of school and operational data due to a natural disaster, fire, power interruption, act of terrorism or other unanticipated catastrophic event. Any significant interruption in the operation of these facilities, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or manage our transition to utilizing the expansions or upgrades, could reduce our ability to manage our network and technological infrastructure, which could result in lost sales, enrollment terminations and impact our brand reputation. Additionally, we do not control the operation of these facilities and must rely on another party to provide the physical security, facilities management and communications infrastructure services related to our data centers. Although we believe we would be able to enter into a similar relationship with another party should this relationship fail or terminate for any reason, our reliance on a single vendor exposes us to risks outside of our control. If this vendor encounters financial difficulty such as bankruptcy or other events beyond our control that causes it to fail to secure adequately and maintain its hosting facilities or provide the required data communications capacity, students of the schools we serve may experience interruptions in our service or the loss or theft of important customer data. Any significant interruption in the operation of our enrollment centers could disrupt our ability to recommend educational options to parents, respond to service requests and process enrollments. Our primary enrollment center operations are housed in our corporate headquarters and in a facility located in Knoxville, Tennessee. We are able to reroute calls to the other facility if one facility is unable to temporarily service calls. Rerouting of calls may not be able to prevent a significant interruption in the operation of any of the facilities due to natural disasters, accidents, failures of our fulfillment provider. Any significant interruption in the operation of any primary facility, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or to manage these expansions or upgrades, could reduce our ability to respond to service requests, receive and process orders and provide products and services, which could result in lost and cancelled sales, and damage to our brand reputation. Capacity limits on some of our technology, transaction processing systems and network hardware and software may be difficult to project and we may not be able to expand and upgrade our systems in a timely manner to meet significant unexpected increased demand. As the number of schools we serve increases and our student base grows, the traffic on our transaction processing systems and network hardware and software will rise. We may be unable to accurately project the rate of increase in the use of our transaction processing systems and network hardware and software. In addition, we may not be able to expand and upgrade our systems and network hardware and software capabilities to accommodate significant unexpected increased or peak use. If we are unable to appropriately upgrade our systems and network hardware and software in a timely manner, our operations and processes may be temporarily disrupted. 50 Our efforts to expand capacity may not produce the operational and financial results for which those investments were intended. As we have grown to serve more schools, students and families in an increasing number of states and countries, we have invested in infrastructure systems and technology to keep pace such as new telephony systems, enterprise hardware and software systems, and enrollment centers. In the absence of compatible business processes, adequate employee training, integration with other dependent systems, and sufficient staffing, this expanded capacity alone may not result in improved performance or outcomes. We may be unable to keep pace with changes in technology as our business and market strategy evolves. As our business and market strategy evolves, we will need to respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards in a cost-effective and timely manner in order to remain competitive, such as the advent of tablets for public school applications, adaptive learning technologies, and web accessibility standards. The need to respond to technological changes may require us to make substantial, unanticipated expenditures. There can be no assurance that we will be able to respond successfully to technological change. Pursuant to our joint venture agreement with Middlebury College, there is a risk that Middlebury College might exercise its right to require us to purchase its ownership interest in our joint venture at fair market value which could adversely affect our financial condition. A key provision in our joint venture agreement with Middlebury College is its right beginning on April 14, 2015 and upon 180 days advance notice, to require us to purchase all, but not a portion of, its ownership interest in our joint venture at fair market value and based on an independent appraisal. We have the right to pay the redemption cost in cash, stock or a combination thereof, at our option. It is uncertain when or whether Middlebury College would elect to exercise this right and therefore, we cannot at this time determine the form of the redemption payment and therefore the exact impact to our financial condition or dilution to stockholders. We may be unable to attract and retain skilled employees. Our success depends in large part on continued employment of senior management and key personnel who can effectively operate our business, which is necessary in the highly regulated public education sector involving a publicly-traded for-profit company. This complexity requires us to attract and retain management and employees with specialized skills and knowledge across many disciplines. If any of these employees leave we and we fail to effectively manage a transition to new personnel, or if we fail to attract and retain qualified and experienced professionals on acceptable terms, our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected. Our success also depends on our having highly trained financial, technical, recruiting, sales and marketing personnel. We will need to continue to hire additional personnel as our business grows. A shortage in the number of people with these skills or our failure to attract them to our Company could impede our ability to increase revenues from our existing products and services, ensure full compliance with federal and state regulations, launch new product offerings, and would have an adverse effect on our business and financial results. We may need additional capital in the future, but there is no assurance that funds will be available on acceptable terms. We may need to raise additional funds in order to achieve growth or fund other business initiatives. This financing may not be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us and may be dilutive to existing stockholders. Additionally, any securities issued to raise funds may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available or are not available 51 on acceptable terms, our ability to expand, develop or enhance services or products, or respond to competitive pressures will be limited. Our curriculum and approach to instruction may not achieve widespread acceptance, which would limit our growth and profitability. The curriculum offerings and approach to individualized learning are based on the structured delivery, clarification, verification and practice of lesson subject matter. While we believe our curriculum is aligned with state standards in the jurisdictions where we manage virtual and blended public schools and these schools offer accredited diplomas, this approach is not accepted by all academics and educators, who may favor less formalistic methods and have the ability to negatively influence the market for our products and services. In addition, the acceptance and adoption of the CCSS grade level requirements and proposed common assessments of those standards is uncertain and continues to change at the state and district level. As a result, the standards for measuring student achievement could vary from state to state, and even from district to district, and therefore, we cannot anticipate at this time the impact these varying standards may have in terms of requiring additional investment on our part, or on our ability to sustain or expand our operating margins. 52 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our headquarters are located in approximately 176,000 square feet of office space in Herndon, Virginia. The facilities are under leases that expire between August 2019 and May 2022. In addition, we lease approximately 131,000 square feet in multiple locations throughout the United States under individual leases that expire between July 2014 and October 2019. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In the ordinary conduct of our business, we are subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. We expense legal costs as incurred. IpLearn On October 26, 2011, IpLearn, LLC (‘‘IpLearn’’) filed a complaint for patent infringement against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, IpLearn, LLC v. K12 Inc., Case No. 1:11-1026-RGA, which it subsequently amended on November 18, 2011. IpLearn is a privately-held technology development and licensing company for web and computer-based learning technologies. In its complaint, IpLearn alleges that we have infringed three of its patents for various computer-aided learning methods and systems and it is primarily seeking an injunction enjoining us from any continued infringement as well as an award of unspecified monetary damages. On July 2, 2012, the court granted our motion to dismiss IpLearn’s allegations of indirect patent infringement and allowed IpLearn’s allegations of direct patent infringement to proceed. On January 15, 2013, the court approved a stay of IpLearn’s claims alleging infringement of one of the three patents in the case involving technology licensed to us by a third party and on June 12, 2014, the court approved a stipulation by IpLearn that K12’s technology does not infringe the second of the three patents. The Company filed its motion for summary judgment regarding the remaining allegation of infringement on June 25, 2014. Oklahoma Firefighters Complaint On January 30, 2014, a securities class-action lawsuit captioned Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Retirement System v. K12 Inc., et al., was filed against us, four of our officers and directors, and a former officer, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, In re K12 Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 1:14-CV-108-AJT-JFA. On April 24, 2014 the Court appointed the Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System as lead plaintiff, and on May 23, 2014 the lead plaintiff filed an amended class action complaint (‘‘Amended Complaint’’). The plaintiff purports to represent a class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our common stock between February 5, 2013 and October 8, 2013, inclusive, and alleges violations by the defendants of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Amended Complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false or misleading statements of material fact, or failed to disclose material facts, about (i) our enrollment and revenue growth prospects for fiscal 2014, and (ii) our compliance with state regulations governing enrollment. The plaintiff seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. We intend to defend vigorously against the claims asserted in the Amended Complaint, and filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint on June 20, 2014. The parties have completed briefing the motion to dismiss and the Court heard oral arguments on the motion on August 8, 2014. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 53 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the ‘‘NYSE’’) under the symbol ‘‘LRN.’’ Set forth below are the high and low sales prices for our common stock, as reported on the NYSE. As of August 11, 2014, there were 41 registered holders of our common stock. Quarter ended: June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 31, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 31, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . December 31, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . September 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High Low $26.20 23.55 31.66 38.14 $30.89 24.54 22.40 25.39 $21.14 19.66 17.15 25.95 $23.24 17.77 15.83 17.19 Stock Performance Graph The graph below matches the cumulative return of holders of K12 Inc.’s common stock with the cumulative returns of the S&P 500 index, the NASDAQ Composite index, the Russell 2000 index and our Peer Group Index, which is composed of American Public Education Inc., Apollo Group Inc., Bridgepoint Education Inc., Capella Education Company, Devry Inc., Grand Canyon Education Inc., ITT Educational Services, Inc., Pearson PLC, Rosetta Stone Inc., Scholastic Corporation, Strayer Education Inc. and Universal Technical Institute. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in the Company’s common stock, in each index (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on June 30, 2009 and tracks it through June 30, 2014. All prices reflect closing prices on the last day of trading at the end of each calendar quarter. 54 COMPARISON OF TWENTY QUARTER CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN(1)(2) Among K12 Inc., S&P 500 Index, NASDAQ Composite Index, Russell 2000 Index and Peer Group Index LRN Peer Group Index S&P 500 Russell 2000 Nasdaq Composite s r a l l o D 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 6/30/2009 6/30/2010 6/30/2011 6/30/2012 6/30/2013 6/30/2014 8AUG201416540735 30-Jun-09 30-Jun-10 30-Jun-11 30-Jun-12 30-Jun-13 30-Jun-14 LRN . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peer Group Index . . . S&P 500 . . . . . . . . . . Russell 2000 . . . . . . . Nasdaq Composite . . . 100 100 100 100 100 109 114 113 98 116 154 110 139 130 145 132 104 145 131 154 147 96 162 152 169 138 119 178 172 191 (1) The information presented above in the stock performance graph shall not be deemed ‘‘soliciting material’’ or to be ‘‘filed’’ with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, except to the extent that we subsequently specifically request that such information be treated as soliciting material or specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the ‘‘Securities Act’’), or a filing under the Exchange Act. (2) The stock price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used in the graph was obtained from a source we believe to be reliable, but we do not assume responsibility for any errors or omissions in such information. Dividend Policy We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Instead, we anticipate that all of our earnings on our common stock will be used to provide working capital, to support our operations, and to finance the growth and development of our business, including potentially the acquisition of, or investment in, businesses, technologies or products that complement our existing business. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our future earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, applicable Delaware law, which provides that dividends are only payable out of surplus or current net profits and other factors our Board of Directors might deem relevant. 55 Stock-based Incentive Plan Information The following table provides certain information as of June 30, 2014, with respect to our equity compensation plans under which common stock is authorized for issuance: Equity Compensation Plan Information as of June 30, 2014 Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options Weighted- Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in First Column) Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) . . . . . . . . . . 2,578,401 $21.44 2,767,532 Includes shares under the 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan. (1) The 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the ‘‘EIP’’) adopted in October 2007, as amended in 2010 and approved by the stockholders, contains an ‘‘evergreen provision’’ that allows for an annual increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the EIP on July 1 of each year during the ten-year term of the EIP ending October 30, 2017. The annual increase in the number of shares shall be equal to the least of: (cid:127) 4% of our outstanding common stock on the applicable July 1; (cid:127) 2,745,098 shares; or (cid:127) a lesser number of shares as determined by our Board of Directors. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On November 4, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock over a two year period. Any purchases under the buyback are dependent upon business and market conditions and other factors. The stock purchases are made from time to time and may be made through a variety of methods including open market purchases and trading plans that may be adopted in accordance with the Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. For the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2014, the Company paid approximately $21.9 million and $48.5 million, respectively, in cash to redeem 952,896 and 2,195,196 shares, respectively, of common stock at an average price of $22.99 and $22.10 per share, respectively. At June 30, 2014, approximately $26.5 million remained authorized for repurchase. Monthly Period during the Quarter Ended June 30, 2014 Total Shares Purchased Average Price Paid Per Share Total Shares Purchased as Approximate Dollar Amount of Shares Yet To Be Part of Publically Repurchased Under Plan (In Millions) Announced Plan April 1, 2014 - April 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 1, 2014 - May 31, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 1, 2014 - June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436,400 281,400 235,096 $22.25 $23.37 $23.91 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952,896 $22.99 2,195,196 $26.5 56 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following table sets forth our selected consolidated statement of operations, balance sheet and other data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. You should read this data together with ‘‘Item 7— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations’’ and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2014, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results. Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands) Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $919,553 $848,220 $708,407 $522,434 $384,470 Cost and expenses Instructional costs and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative and other operating expenses Product development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569,219 313,258 14,220 498,398 283,032 21,084 408,560 245,274 25,593 307,111 174,762 16,347 222,029 117,398 9,576 Total costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896,697 802,514 679,427 498,220 349,003 Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest (expense) income, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,856 6,404 (69) 45,706 — 851 28,980 — (989) 24,214 — (1,207) 35,467 — (1,331) Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,191 (11,075) 46,557 (20,023) 27,991 (11,882) 23,007 (11,342) 34,136 (13,249) Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . 18,116 1,484 26,534 1,577 16,109 1,434 11,665 1,127 20,887 638 Net income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders(1) . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,600 $ 28,111 $ 17,543 $ 12,792 $ 21,525 57 Net income attributable to common stockholders per share: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Diluted(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Data: Net cash provided by operating Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands except share and per share data) 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 0.72 $ 0.72 $ 0.46 $ 0.45 $ 0.37 $ 0.37 $ 0.72 0.71 38,987,470 39,230,516 36,267,345 39,017,345 35,802,678 38,740,863 31,577,758 34,635,594 29,791,973 30,248,683 activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Depreciation and amortization . . . . . $ Stock-based compensation expense . . $ EBITDA(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ Capital Expenditures: Capitalized curriculum development 123,477 $ 86,267 $ 22,828 $ 115,527 $ 95,293 $ 65,737 $ 14,374 $ 111,443 $ 32,991 $ 58,033 $ 10,067 $ 87,013 $ 67,213 $ 42,934 $ 9,466 $ 67,148 $ 54,680 25,761 5,934 61,228 costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 15,411 $ 18,560 $ 16,123 $ 18,086 $ 13,904 Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ New capital lease obligations(3) . . . . $ 33,958 $ 24,132 $ 31,785 $ 24,703 $ 32,477 $ 27,209 $ 29,563 $ 15,645 $ Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . $ 73,501 $ 75,048 $ 75,809 $ 63,294 $ 10,357 12,194 36,455 As of June 30, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total short-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total long-term obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total K12 Inc. stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . Working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $196,109 $711,667 $ 20,492 $ 16,447 $528,930 $351,441 $181,480 $718,896 $ 19,785 $ 16,107 $530,162 $348,762 $144,652 $648,835 $ 17,095 $ 15,901 $473,494 $289,226 $193,099 $582,095 $ 13,357 $ 10,851 $448,621 $264,447 $ 81,751 $307,882 $ 12,247 $ 8,365 $221,851 $149,344 (1) For the years ended, June 30, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010, diluted net income per common share reflects pro rata net income allocated to the 2,750,000 non-voting shares of the Series A Special Stock issued in the acquisition of KCDL in July 2010. These shares were converted into common stock on September 3, 2013 and no Series A Special stock remains outstanding as of June 30, 2014. (2) EBITDA consists of net income, plus net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization minus noncontrolling interest charges. Interest expense primarily consists of interest expense for capital leases, long-term and short-term borrowings. We use EBITDA in addition to income from operations and net income as a measure of operating performance. However, EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and when analyzing our operating performance, investors should use EBITDA in addition to, and not as an alternative for, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash 58 flow for our management’s discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as capital expenditures, tax payments, interest payments, or other working capital. We believe EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because it is widely used to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as depreciation and amortization, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets, and to present a meaningful measure of corporate performance exclusive of our capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management uses EBITDA: (cid:127) as an additional measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing our performance on a consistent basis; (cid:127) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as is used by management to compare our current operating results with corresponding prior periods and with the results of other companies in our industry; and (cid:127) on an adjusted basis in determining compliance with the terms of our credit agreement. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA: Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 (In thousands) Net Income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest expense (income), net . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depreciation and amortization(4) . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,600 69 11,075 86,267 (1,484) $ 28,111 (851) 20,023 65,737 (1,577) $17,543 989 11,882 58,033 (1,434) $12,792 1,207 11,342 42,934 (1,127) $21,525 1,331 13,249 25,761 (638) EBITDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $115,527 $111,443 $87,013 $67,148 $61,228 (3) New capital lease obligations are primarily for student computers and related equipment. (4) For fiscal year 2014, depreciation and amortization includes approximately $18.6 million for certain curriculum, learning systems and other fixed assets that will no longer be used or developed, computers that we estimate will not be returned and additional provisions for the decision to discontinue certain products and for excess inventory relative to anticipated demand. 59 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (‘‘MD&A’’) contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Historical results may not indicate future performance. Our forward- looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions, and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. Factors that may cause differences between actual results and those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in ‘‘Risk Factors’’ in Part I, Item 1A, of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward- looking statements, including any changes that might result from any facts, events, or circumstances after the date hereof that may bear upon forward-looking statements. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. This MD&A is intended to assist in understanding and assessing the trends and significant changes in our results of operations and financial condition. As used in this MD&A, the words, ‘‘we,’’ ‘‘our’’ and ‘‘us’’ refer to K12 Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following overview provides a summary of the sections included in our MD&A: (cid:127) Executive Summary—a general description of our business and key highlights of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. (cid:127) Key Aspects and Trends of Our Operations—a discussion of items and trends that may impact our business in the upcoming year. (cid:127) Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—a discussion of critical accounting policies requiring critical judgments and estimates. (cid:127) Results of Operations—an analysis of our results of operations in our consolidated financial statements. (cid:127) Liquidity and Capital Resources—an analysis of cash flows, sources and uses of cash, commitments and contingencies, seasonality in the results of our operations, the impact of inflation, and quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk. Executive Summary We are a technology-based education company. We offer proprietary curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students primarily in kindergarten through 12th grade, or K-12. Our mission is to maximize a child’s potential by providing access to an engaging and effective education, regardless of geographic location or socio-economic background. We provide a continuum of technology-based educational products and solutions to public school districts, public schools, charter schools, private schools and families as we strive to transform the student’s experience into one that delivers individualized education on a highly scalable basis. We achieved revenue growth during fiscal year 2014, primarily in our online managed public schools. We increased revenues to $919.6 million from $848.2 million, a growth rate of 8.4% from fiscal year 2013. In fiscal year 2014, operating income decreased to $22.9 million from $45.7 million in fiscal year 2013, a decrease of 49.9%; net income attributable to common stockholders decreased to $19.6 million from $28.1 million, a decrease of 30.2% and EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure (see reconciliation of net income to EBITDA in ‘‘Item 6—Selected Financial Data’’), increased to $115.5 million from $111.4 million, an increase of 3.7%. The operating income for fiscal year 2014 included $31.2 million of severance and related stock-based compensation, accelerated depreciation and amortization for certain curriculum, learning 60 systems, trade names, and other fixed assets that will no longer be used or developed and additional provisions for inventory that we previously anticipated using. Our Managed Public Schools line of business, which includes virtual and blended public schools generally under long-term turn-key management contracts accounted for approximately 88% of our revenue in fiscal year 2014. For both virtual and blended managed public schools, the governing authority with control over the school negotiates contractual terms with us for all aspects of the management of the school, including monitoring academic achievement, teacher recruitment and training, student recruitment and marketing, compensation recommendations for school personnel, financial management, enrollment processing and procurement of curriculum, equipment and other required services. For the 2014-15 school year, we expect to manage 77 schools in 33 states and the District of Columbia. Through our Institutional Sales business, we work closely as partners with a growing number of schools and school districts enabling them to offer their students an array of online education solutions, including full-time virtual and blended programs, semester courses and supplemental solutions. In addition to curriculum, systems and programs, we also provide teacher training, teaching services and other support services. The services we provide to these schools and school districts are designed to assist them in launching their own online learning programs which vary according to the needs of the individual school and school district and may include teacher training programs, administrator support and our PEAK management system. With our services, schools and districts can offer programs that allow students to participate full-time, as their primary school, or part-time, supplementing their education with core courses, electives, credit recovery options, remediation and supplemental content options. During the 2013-14 school year, we continued to provide these services to school districts or individual schools in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We operate three online private schools in which parents can enroll students on a tuition basis for a full-time online education or individual courses to supplement their children’s traditional instruction. These include our K12 International Academy, an online private school that enables us to offer students worldwide the same full-time education programs and curriculum that we provide to the virtual and blended public schools, The Keystone School, a private school that offers online and correspondence courses, and the George Washington University Online High School, a school that offers college preparatory curriculum and is designed for high school students who are seeking a challenging academic experience. In addition, during the past year, we owned and operated the International School of Berne, a traditional private school located in Berne, Switzerland and a recognized IB school serving students in grades Pre-K through 12. In June 2014, we completed a sale of select businesses, including the International School of Berne, to Safanad Education Ventures Limited. The other select businesses divested consisted of our interest in an existing Middle East joint venture currently operating with a Safanad Limited affiliate and our post-secondary business. Financial Statement Overview As a result of acquisitions, our business has evolved significantly, thereby impacting the comparability of period to period financial results. During 2012, we acquired KVE and Insight Schools (the ‘‘Kaplan/ Insight Assets’’). These acquisitions accounted for a portion of the increases in our revenue, student enrollments and operating costs, including transaction and integrations costs. In addition, we experienced growth from the new state schools added in recent years identified above and the continued ramp-up in student enrollments and associated variable operating costs from schools opening over the last five years. Student enrollment in our Managed Public Schools has experienced a shift in the mix of students with an increased level of high school students. The shift occurred as a result of our acquisition of the Kaplan/ Insight Assets, which only serve students in grades 6-12, and from organic growth in many of the schools we serve. The continued expansion of our Institutional Sales and our International and Private Pay Schools also shifts the mix of our revenue and associated costs of providing services, including additional sales 61 personnel, third-party distributor costs and third-party royalty costs for our Institutional Sales. We may continue to experience changes in our enrollment, revenue and cost mix as we continue to expand into markets different than our traditional Managed Public Schools. Our headcount growth from approximately 3,300 employees at the beginning of 2012 to approximately 4,200 at the end of our 2014 fiscal year, including teachers associated with our enrollment growth, the development of the Institutional Sales, including the expansion of a sales force, and the decision to have more K12-employed teachers in our managed schools have also directly impacted our operating expenses during the last three years. We believe that all the above factors, particularly the significant infrastructure investments, acquisitions and the depreciation and amortization associated with our acquired assets and infrastructure investments, reduce the comparability of our operating results between periods. Key Aspects and Trends of Our Operations Revenues—Overview We generate a significant portion of our revenues from the sale of curriculum, management and technology services to managed virtual and blended public schools, where we provide turn-key management services. Approximately 88% of our revenues were derived from this source in fiscal year 2014. We anticipate that these revenues will continue to represent the majority of our total revenues over the next several years. However we also expect revenues in other aspects of our business to increase as we execute on our growth strategy. Our growth strategy includes increasing revenues in other distribution channels adding enrollments in our private schools and pursuing international opportunities to offer our learning systems. Combined revenues from these other sectors were significantly smaller than that from the Managed Public Schools in fiscal year 2014. Our success in executing our strategies will impact future growth. We provide products and services primarily to three lines of business: Managed Public Schools, Institutional Sales and International and Private Pay Schools. Factors affecting our revenues include: (i) the number of enrollments; (ii) the mix of enrollments across grades and states; (iii) management services provided to the schools and school districts; (iv) state or district per student funding levels and attendance requirements; (v) prices for our products and services; (vi) growth in our other customer types; and (vii) revenues from new initiatives, mergers and acquisitions. Managed Public Schools We define an enrollment as a student using our curriculum. Generally, students will take four to six courses, except for some kindergarten students who may participate in half-day programs. We count each half-day kindergarten student as an enrollment. School sessions generally begin in August or September and end in May or June. To ensure that all schools are reflected in our measure of enrollments, we consider the number of students on the last day of September to be our opening enrollment level, and the number of students enrolled on the last day of May to be our ending enrollment level. For each period, average enrollments represent the average of the month-end enrollment levels for each school month in the period. We continually evaluate our enrollment levels by state, by school and by grade. We track new student enrollments and withdrawals throughout the year. 62 We believe that our revenue growth from enrollments depends upon the following: (cid:127) the number of states and school districts in which we operate; (cid:127) the mix of students served; (cid:127) the restrictive terms of local laws or regulations, including enrollment caps; (cid:127) the appeal of our curriculum and instructional model to students and families; (cid:127) the specific school or school district requirements including credit recovery or special needs; (cid:127) the effectiveness of our program in delivering favorable academic outcomes; (cid:127) the quality of the teachers working in the schools we serve; (cid:127) the effectiveness of our marketing and recruiting programs to attract new enrollments; and (cid:127) retention of students through successive grade levels. In fiscal year 2014, we increased total average student enrollments by 5,696, or 4.8%, to 123,259, as compared to total average student enrollments of 117,563 in fiscal year 2013. In fiscal year 2013, we increased total average student enrollments by 13,274, or 12.7%, to 117,563, as compared to total average student enrollments of 104,289 in fiscal year 2012. We continually evaluate our trends in revenues by monitoring the number of student enrollments in total, by state, by school and by grade, assessing the impact of changes in school funding levels and the pricing of our curriculum and educational services. In fiscal year 2014 and 2013, the growth rate of our revenue exceeded the growth in our managed school average student enrollments primarily due increases in the per-pupil rate of achieved state funding in some states, other changes in state funding rates and higher utilization in federal and state restricted funding per managed student. Enrollments in these schools on average generate substantially more revenues than enrollments served through our Institutional Sales where we provide limited or no management services. Similarly, revenues earned per pupil across our private school programs vary. As we continue to build our Institutional Sales and increase enrollment in International and Private Pay Schools, enrollment mix is expected to shift and may impact growth in revenues relative to the growth in enrollments. In fiscal year 2014, we derived approximately 13% and 10% of our revenues, respectively, from the Agora Cyber Charter School (‘‘Agora’’) in Pennsylvania and the Ohio Virtual Academy. In aggregate, these schools accounted for approximately 23% of our total revenues. We provide our full turn-key management solution pursuant to our contract with the Ohio Virtual Academy, which terminates on June 30, 2017. We provide our full turn-key solution to Agora pursuant to a contract with the school that expires on June 30, 2015. In fiscal year 2014, Agora elected to use a request for proposal process for the services and products required to operate the school for the 2015-16 school year in connection with its charter renewal application. The annual revenues generated under each of these contracts represented a material portion of our total revenues in fiscal year 2014; however, as our managed public schools expand and other business sectors grow, these proportions may decrease. Institutional Sales While Managed Public Schools constitute the majority of our revenue, there is emerging demand by school districts, individual schools and other educational institutions for more limited components of our online services and products than are used in Managed Public Schools. Sales to those entities are conducted through our Institutional Sales organization. While we expect long-term growth opportunities in our Institutional Sales business, the sector is currently experiencing significant competitive pricing pressures. 63 The Institutional Sales portfolio contains an array of curriculum and technology solutions packaged in a portfolio of flexible learning and delivery models mapped to specific student, school and district needs. This portfolio provides a continuum of delivery models, from full and part-time virtual to blended learning and other options that can be used in traditional classrooms to differentiate instruction. The Institutional Sales course catalog is comprehensive and enables districts to offer their students educational opportunities that otherwise might not be financially justifiable, such as Advanced Placement (‘‘AP’’), honors, world languages, remediation, credit recovery, alternative education, career and technology electives and college readiness. In connection with these solutions, we also offer highly qualified state- certified teachers, professional development and other support services as needed by our customers. Given the variables discussed in further detail below, we believe that the best performance metric for the Institutional Sales is revenues. The customers served by the Institutional Sales organizations purchase curriculum in a variety of ways, making consistent comparisons on the basis of enrollments less relevant. For example, we serve not only full-time students, but also students taking semester-long courses, students who recover credits through concentrated four to eighteen-week programs, students who are using our curricula as a supplemental enhancement to their traditional textbook, and teachers who may present our lessons on an interactive whiteboard as either the core of their instruction or as an engaging supplement to their lecture. Given all these variables, it is therefore difficult to identify a single metric (such as a full time equivalent or ‘‘FTE’’), or combination of metrics (such as course enrollments or programs sold), that can accurately capture the entirety of the Institutional Sales. Indeed, our efforts to do so led us to the conclusion that at this time, revenue is the best performance metric for the Institutional Sales. Sales opportunities in the Institutional Sales are driven by a number of factors in a diverse customer population, which determine the deliverable and price. These factors include: (cid:127) Type of Customer—A customer can be a U.S.-based public, private or public charter school, a district, regional education agency, or a commercial company that provides services to students. (cid:127) Curriculum Needs—We sell our curriculum solutions based on the scope of the customer need, and a solution is generally purchased as end-user access to a complete catalog, individual course or supplemental content title. (cid:127) License Options—Depending on the scope of the solution, a license can be purchased for individual course enrollments, annual seat, school or district-wide site licenses or a perpetual license (a prepaid lifetime license). We charge incrementally if we are hosting the solution. (cid:127) Hosting—Customers may host curricula themselves or license our hosted solution. We are able to track all students for customers who use our hosted solution. However, more often in large-scale, district-wide implementations, a customer may choose to host the curriculum, and in that case we have no visibility of individual student usage for counting enrollments. (cid:127) Services Menu—Instructional services may be provided and priced per-enrollment or bundled in the overall price of the solution. Additional services, including professional development, title maintenance and support may also be provided and are priced based on the scope of services. International and Private Pay Schools Private schools are managed schools where tuition is paid directly by the family of the student. We receive no public funds for students in our private schools. We operate three private online schools at differing price points and service levels. Our revenue is derived from tuition receipts that are a function of course enrollments and program price. In some circumstances, a third-party school may elect to enroll one of its students in a K12 private school course as a supplement to the student’s regular on-campus instruction. In such cases, the third-party school may pay the K12 private school tuition. 64 Our private schools business has evolved over the past three years as we have acquired and developed new private school offerings with different structures and price points. This has made the use of full-time equivalent metrics no longer as meaningful. As a result, we report performance in the private pay schools on the basis of the student counts and semester-course enrollments which more accurately reflects the way revenues and expenses occur in the business. Student counts tell us how many individual students have been served at any point in time. As a result of the variation in the number of courses taken by students, we measure the total size of our schools by ‘‘semester-course enrollments’’ (‘‘SCEs’’). A semester long course is counted as a single SCE and a year-long course is counted as two SCEs. Private school students take courses ranging from a single, semester long K-8 course to a twelve high school course annual load. For example, a student who takes six courses per semester for two semester accounts for twelve SCEs. Some of our private school operations, notably Keystone and the K12 International Academy, start classes on a monthly or rolling basis. As a result, there are students in our system of education at any point in time who have just started a course, just finished a course or have partially completed a course. We believe our revenue growth depends primarily on the recruitment of students into our programs through effective marketing and word-of-mouth referral based on the quality of our service. In addition, through high service quality, we seek to retain existing students and increase the total number of courses each student takes with us. In some cases, students return each summer and take only one course. In other cases, students choose a K12 private school as their principal form of education and may stay for many years. The flexibility of our programs, the quality of our curriculum and teaching, and the student community features lead to customer satisfaction and therefore, retention. We have entered into agreements which enable us to distribute our products and services to our international school partners throughout the world who use our courses as a supplement to their on-campus academic programs. These courses provide students with additional electives, advanced placement (AP) courses, and sometimes include dual-degree programs that the school cannot offer on its own. Student enrollments derived from partner school programs are included in the count of SCEs for these private schools. We sometimes offer additional teacher assistance, counseling, clubs and other additive services to our basic course offerings. These additive services may carry additional fees that appear in our revenue. During the majority of fiscal year 2014, we also operated IS Berne, a traditional private school in Switzerland. Through the sale date on June 11, 2014, enrollments and revenue from IS Berne are included in our private school totals along with the numbers from our online school operations. We do not include students in our consumer sales business as we are not involved in the progress of these students in the same way as we do in our other programs. Instructional Costs and Services Expenses Instructional costs and services expenses include expenses directly attributable to the educational products and services we provide. The Managed Public Schools we manage are the primary drivers of these costs, including teacher and administrator salaries and benefits and expenses of related support services. We also employ teachers and administrators for instruction and oversight in our Institutional Sales and International and Private Schools business. Instructional costs also include fulfillment costs of student textbooks and materials, depreciation and reclamation costs of computers provided for student use, the cost of any third-party online courses and the amortization of capitalized curriculum and related systems. Our instructional costs are variable and are based directly on our number of schools and enrollments. In the near term, we expect high school enrollments to continue to grow as a percentage of total enrollments. Our high school offering requires increased instructional costs as a percentage of revenue compared to our kindergarten to 8th grade offering. This is due to the following: (i) generally lower 65 student-to-teacher ratios; (ii) higher compensation costs for some teaching positions requiring subject- matter expertise; (iii) ancillary costs for required student support services, including college placement, SAT preparation and guidance counseling; (iv) use of third-party courses to augment our proprietary curriculum; and (v) use of a third-party learning management system to service high school students. Over time, we may partially offset these factors by obtaining productivity gains in our high school instructional model, replacing third-party high school courses with proprietary content, replacing our third-party learning management system with another third-party system, leveraging our school infrastructure and obtaining purchasing economies of scale. We have deployed and are continuing to develop new delivery models, including blended schools, where students receive limited face-to-face instruction in a learning center to complement their online instruction, and other programs that utilize brick and mortar facilities. The maintenance, management and operations of these facilities necessitate additional costs, which are generally not required to operate typical virtual public schools. We are pursuing expansion into new states for both virtual public and other specialized charter schools. If we are successful, we will incur start-up costs and other expenses associated with the initial launch of a school, including the funding of building leases and leasehold improvements. Selling, Administrative and Other Operating Expenses Selling, administrative and other operating expenses include the salaries and benefits employees engaged in business development, public affairs, sales and marketing, and administrative functions and transaction and due diligence expenses related to mergers and acquisitions. Product Development Expenses Product development expenses include research and development costs and overhead costs associated with the management of both our curriculum development and internal systems development teams. In addition, product development expenses include the amortization of internal systems. We measure and track our product development expenditures on a per course or project basis to measure and assess our development efficiency. In addition, we monitor employee utilization rates to evaluate our workforce efficiency. We plan to continue to invest in additional curriculum development and related software in the future, primarily to produce additional high school courses, world language courses and new releases of existing courses and to continue to upgrade our content management system and online schools. We capitalize selected costs incurred to develop our curriculum, beginning with application development, through production and testing into capitalized curriculum development costs. We capitalize certain costs incurred to develop internal systems into capitalized software development costs. Expense Management We are constantly searching for ways to deliver more value at a lower cost for our customers and we take pride in our ability to deliver highly-individualized, effective education solutions at significant savings to taxpayers. We have sought to increase efficiencies whenever possible without affecting educational quality. We believe our scale and infrastructure investment positions us for greater efficiency in future periods while allowing us to deliver more value for students. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of our analysis form the 66 basis for making assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and the impact of such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Our critical accounting policies have been discussed with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements: Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (‘‘ASC’’) 605, Revenue Recognition, we recognize revenue when the following conditions are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery of physical goods or rendering of services is complete; (3) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. We have determined that the separate elements of our multiple element contracts with managed schools do not have standalone value. Accordingly, we account for revenues received under multiple element arrangements with managed schools as a single unit of accounting and recognize the entire arrangement over the term of the contractual service period. While we have concluded that the elements of our contracts do not have standalone value, we invoice schools in accordance with the established contractual terms and rates. Generally, this means that for each enrolled student, we invoice their school on a per student basis for the following items: (1) access to our online school and online curriculum; (2) learning kits; and (3) student computers. We also invoice for management and technology services. We apply ASC 605 to each of these items as follows: (cid:127) Access to the Online School and Online Curriculum. Our proprietary learning management system (‘‘OLS’’) revenues are generally earned on a per course basis from schools and school districts. Students enrolled through a school are provided access to the OLS and online curriculum. Revenues are earned ratably over the school year, typically 10 months, or over the semester depending on the length of the course. (cid:127) Learning Kits. The lessons in our online school are often accompanied with selected printed materials, workbooks, laboratory materials and other manipulative items which we provide to students. We generally ship all learning kits to a student when their enrollment is approved. Once materials have been shipped, our efforts are substantially complete. Therefore, we recognize revenues upon shipment. Shipments to schools that occur in the fourth fiscal quarter that are for the following school year are recorded in deferred revenues. We also earn reclamation fee income when we reclaim materials for schools at the end of the school year or when a student withdraws from the school. (cid:127) Student Computers. We provide many enrolled students with the use of a personal computer and complete technical support through our call center. Revenues are generally earned ratably over the school year and we also earn revenues for reclamation services when a student withdraws from a school and returns the computer which may occur in a subsequent school year. (cid:127) Management, Technology and Educational Services. Under most of our statewide virtual public and blended school contracts, we provide the boards of managed schools with turn-key management and technology services. We recognize these revenues ratably over our fiscal year as administrative offices of the school remain open for the entire year. Our management and technology service fees are generally a contracted percentage of yearly school funding. To determine the pro rata amount of revenues to recognize in a fiscal quarter, we estimate the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels which are generally published on an annual basis by the state or school district. 67 To determine the pro rata amount of revenues to recognize in a fiscal quarter, we estimate the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels which are generally published on an annual basis by the state or school district. We review our estimates of funding periodically, and revise as necessary, amortizing any adjustments to earned revenues over the remaining portion of the fiscal year. Actual school funding may vary from these estimates, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on our results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of our fiscal year, we are generally able to base our annual revenues on actual school funding. Our schools reported results are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results of these audits are incorporated into our monthly funding estimates and for the reported fiscal years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, our aggregate funding estimates differed from actual reimbursements impacting total reported revenue by approximately 0.2%, (0.1%) and 0.7%, respectively. Under the contracts where the Company provides turnkey management services to schools, the Company has generally agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools in a given school year. These school operating losses represent the excess of costs incurred over revenues earned by the virtual or blended public school as reflected on its respective financial statements, including Company charges to the schools. To the extent a school does not receive funding for each student enrolled in the school, the school would incur an operating loss for the unfunded enrollment. If losses due to unfunded enrollments result in a net operating loss for the year that loss is reflected as reduction in the revenue and net receivables that we collect from the school. A school net operating loss in one year does not necessarily mean the Company anticipates losing money on the entire contract with the school. However, a school operating loss may reduce the Company’s ability to collect its management fees in full and recognized revenues are reduced accordingly to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. The Company amortizes the estimated school operating loss against revenues based upon the percentage of actual revenues in the period to total estimated revenues for the fiscal year. For turnkey revenue service contracts, a school operating loss may reduce our ability to collect our management fees in full though as noted it does not necessarily mean that we incur a loss during the period with respect to our services to that school. We recognize revenue, net of our estimated portion of school operating losses, to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. Revenue is recognized based on our performance of services under the contract, which we believe is proportionate to our incurrence of costs. We incur costs directly related to the delivery of services. Most of these costs are recognized throughout the year; however, certain costs related to upfront delivery of printed materials, workbooks, laboratory materials and other items are provided at the beginning of the school year and are recognized as expense when shipped. Each state or school district has variations in the school funding formulas and methodologies that we use to estimate funding for revenue recognition at our respective schools. As we build the funding estimates for each school, we are mindful of the state definition for count dates on which reported enrollment numbers will be used for per pupil funding. The parameters we consider in estimating funding for revenue recognition purposes include school district count definitions, withdrawal rates, average daily attendance, special needs enrollment, student demographics, progress trajectory and historical completion, student location, funding caps and other state specified categorical program funding. The estimates we make each period on a school-by-school basis consider the latest information available to us and consider material relevant information at the time of the estimate. Management periodically reviews its estimates of full-year school revenues and operating expenses and amortizes the net impact of any changes to these estimates over the remainder of the fiscal year. Actual school operating losses may vary from these estimates or revisions, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of our fiscal year, annual revenues are generally based on actual school revenues 68 and actual costs incurred (including costs for our services to the schools plus other costs the schools may incur) in the calculation of school operating losses. For the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s revenue included a reduction for these school operating losses of $49.8 million, $64.5 million and $54.8 million, respectively. A school operating loss may result from a combination of cost increases or funding reductions attributable to the following: (cid:127) costs associated with opening new schools including the initial hiring of teachers, administrators and the establishment of school infrastructure; (cid:127) school requirements to establish contingency reserves; (cid:127) one-time costs, such as legal claims; (cid:127) funding reductions due to the inability to qualify specific students for funding; (cid:127) regulatory or academic performance thresholds that may restrict the ability of a school to fund all expenses; (cid:127) inadequate school funding in particular states; (cid:127) providing services without receiving state funding when enrollments occur after enrollment count dates; and (cid:127) burdensome regulations creating excessive costs. We generate a small percentage of our revenues from the sale of perpetual licenses of curriculum and ongoing support to schools. Under ASC 605, we account for the license and support of separate units of accounting and recognize revenues associated with the license up front and ongoing maintenance and support over the performance period. We also generate a small percentage of our revenues through the sale of our online courses and learning kits directly to consumers, as well as providing hosting services to certain customers. We record revenue for consumer services over the term of the course subscription. For the year ended June 30, 2014, special education students comprise approximately 13% of our student population and approximately 21% of estimated funding for revenue recognition purposes at our schools. We compute revenue at the school level not based on the type of student served; therefore, we are unable to determine the revenue and profitability by student type. For each student enrolled, we receive basic per pupil funds determined by state funding and count definitions, and policies which vary from state-to-state. Additionally, based on the needs of the student population, we may receive supplemental special education state funding grants and federal funding under the Individuals with Disabilities Act. While we do not track profitability at the student level, these supplemental funding programs are intended to offset part of the costs of the education needs of children with learning disabilities through reimbursement of qualifying costs under the programs. Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs Our curriculum is primarily developed by our employees and, to a lesser extent, by independent contractors. Generally, our courses cover traditional subjects and utilize examples and references designed to remain relevant for long periods of time. The online nature of our curriculum allows us to incorporate user feedback rapidly and make ongoing corrections and improvements. For these reasons, we believe that our courses, once developed, have an extended useful life, similar to computer software. We also publish textbooks and other offline materials. Our curriculum is integral to our learning systems. Our customers generally do not acquire our curriculum or future rights to it. Due to the similarity in development stages and long economic life of curriculum to computer software, we capitalize curriculum development costs incurred during the application development stage in 69 accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. ASC 350 provides guidance for the treatment of costs associated with computer software development and defines those costs to be capitalized and those to be expensed. Costs that qualify for capitalization are external direct costs, payroll and payroll-related costs. Costs related to general and administrative functions are not capitalizable and are expensed as incurred. We capitalize curriculum development costs during the design, development and deployment phases of the project. Many of our new courses leverage off of proven delivery platforms and are primarily content, which has no technological hurdles. As a result, a significant portion of our courseware development costs qualify for capitalization due to the concentration of our development efforts on the content of the courseware. Capitalization ends when a course is available for general release to our customers, at which time amortization of the capitalized costs begins. Capitalized costs are recorded in capitalized curriculum development costs. The period of time over which these development costs will be amortized is generally five years. This is consistent with the capitalization period used by others in our industry and corresponds with our product development lifecycle. The Company wrote down approximately $2.2 million of capitalized curriculum development costs due to its decision to discontinue certain curriculum during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. There were no material write-downs of capitalized curriculum development costs for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use We develop our own proprietary computer software programs to provide specific functionality to support both our unique education offerings and the student and school management services. These programs enable us to develop courses, process student enrollments, meet state documentation requirements, track student academic progress, deliver online courses to students, coordinate and track the delivery of course-specific materials to students and provide teacher support and training. These applications are integral to our learning systems and we continue to enhance existing applications and create new applications. Our customers do not acquire our software or future rights to it. We capitalize software development costs incurred during development in accordance with ASC 350. These capitalized development costs are included in capitalized software development costs and are generally amortized over three years. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company wrote down approximately $3.8 million of capitalized software projects after determining the assets either have no future use or are being sunset. There were no material write-downs of capitalized software projects for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Impairment of Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets include property, equipment, capitalized curriculum and software developed or obtained for internal use. In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, we review our recorded long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. We determine the extent to which an asset may be impaired based upon our expectation of the asset’s future usability as well as on a reasonable assurance that the future cash flows associated with the asset will be in excess of its carrying amount. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset. The Company wrote down approximately $2.2 million of capitalized curriculum development costs due to its decision to discontinue certain curriculum during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company also wrote down approximately $3.8 million of capitalized software projects after determining the assets either have no future use or are being sunset. There were no material impairment charges for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. 70 Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 prescribes the use of the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax laws. If necessary, a valuation allowance is established, based on the weight of available evidence, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Realization of the deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, is principally dependent upon achievement of sufficient future taxable income. We exercise significant judgment in determining our provisions for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our future taxable income for purposes of assessing our ability to utilize any future tax benefit from our deferred tax assets. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgments that could become subject to examination by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business. We periodically assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the impact on our deferred taxes and income tax liabilities and the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Changes in income tax legislation, statutory income tax rates or future taxable income levels, among other things, could materially impact our valuation of income tax assets and liabilities and could cause our income tax provision to vary significantly among financial reporting periods. We have a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of $2.0 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, for the amount that more likely than not will not be realized. The majority of our remaining net operating loss carryforwards were utilized during fiscal year 2013 and we made more significant federal income tax payments in fiscal year 2014. Accounting for Stock-based Compensation We recognize stock-based compensation expense under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation— Stock Compensation. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options at their respective grant date. The use of option valuation models requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility and the expected term of the option. The fair value of restricted stock awards is the fair market value on the date of grant. We recognize these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. During 2012 to 2014, we granted more restricted stock awards than stock options, resulting in increased stock-based compensation that will be recognized over the required service periods. In addition, the vesting period is generally three years for restricted stock compared to four years for stock options. The increase in restricted stock awards and the shorter vesting period has increased our stock- based compensation costs, and this increased cost is expected to continue in future periods. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets We record as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations subject to amortization are recorded at their fair value. Finite-lived intangible assets include the trade names, customer contracts and curriculum and such intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives based on third party valuations. We periodically evaluate the remaining useful lives of intangible assets and adjust our amortization period if it is determined that such intangible assets have a shorter useful life. We evaluate the recoverability of our recorded goodwill and other intangible assets annually, or whenever a triggering event of impairment may occur. During fiscal year 2014, we used a qualitative approach to evaluate goodwill for impairment. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company determined that based on rebranding of the Institutional Sales business, the Company fully amortized certain trade names that are no longer going to be used and recorded a $5.2 million impairment charge for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company also sold 71 certain business assets and wrote off approximately $3.4 million of goodwill and $0.4 million of net intangible assets related to the assets of the business that were sold. There were no material impairment charges for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Consolidation of Noncontrolling Interest Our consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations of our Middle East and Middlebury Interactive Languages joint ventures. Earnings or losses attributable to our partner are classified as ‘‘net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest’’ in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Net income or net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest adjusts our consolidated net results of operations to reflect only our share of the after-tax earnings or losses of an affiliated company. In June 2014, we completed a sale of select businesses to Safanad Education Ventures Limited, including our interest in our Middle East joint venture which we had operated with a Safanad Limited affiliate. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest In the formation of our joint venture with Middlebury College, at any time after the fifth (5th) anniversary of the agreement (April 2015), Middlebury College may give written notice of its irrevocable election to sell all (but not less than all) of its membership interest (put right) to us. The purchase price for Middlebury College’s membership interest shall be its fair market value and we may, in our sole discretion, pay the purchase price in cash or shares of our common stock. At June 30, 2014, MIL had not met certain milestones associated with its Language Academy summer camp programs. As such, Middlebury College may exercise its option to either repurchase the camp programs at fair market value along with other contractual rights. Middlebury College has neither exercised nor expressed an intent to exercise the option. Given the provision of the put right, the redeemable noncontrolling interest is redeemable outside of our control and it is recorded outside of permanent equity at its redemption value, which approximates fair value, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value on each balance sheet date with changes in redemption value recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, by adjustment to additional paid-in-capital. The redeemable value as of the end of each fiscal year is based on a third-party valuation, while the redeemable value during interim periods is based on management updates from the date of the most recent independent valuation. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the estimated redeemable noncontrolling interest was $16.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively. Segment Reporting We operate in one operating and reportable business segment: we are a technology-based education company. We offer proprietary curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students primarily in kindergarten through 12th grade, or K-12. We have the following three lines of business: Managed Public Schools, Institutional Sales and International and Private Pay Schools. Our Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the ‘‘CODM’’). Our CODM manages our business primarily by function and reviews financial information on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information on revenues by line of business as well as certain operational data, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The profitability of our business segments is not produced. The CODM only evaluates profitability based on consolidated results. 72 Results of Operations Managed Public Schools The following table sets forth total average enrollment data for students in Managed Public Schools. These figures exclude enrollments from our classroom pilot programs. Year Ended June 30, Growth 2014 / 2013 Growth 2013 / 2012 2014 2013 2012 Change Change % Change Change % Average Student Enrollments* . . . 123,259 117,563 104,289 5,696 4.8% 13,274 12.7% * The Managed Public Schools average student enrollments include enrollments for which we receive no public funding. Additionally, Managed Public Schools enrollments include all programs which have been classified as turn-key programs or where substantial management services are performed in accordance with the contract. International and Private Pay Schools The following table sets forth total data for students in our International and Private Pay Schools. These figures exclude enrollments from our consumer program. Year Ended June 30, Growth 2014 / 2013 Growth 2013 / 2012 Student Enrollments . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semester Course Enrollments . . . . . . 32,625 89,630 31,619 84,642 31,830 83,519 1,006 4,988 2014 2013 2012 Change Revenue by Business Lines Change % Change Change % (211) (cid:3)0.7% 1.3% 3.2% 5.9% 1,123 Revenue is captured by business line based on the underlying customer contractual agreement. Periodically, a customer may change business line classification. For example, a district that purchases a single course (Institutional Sales customer) may decide to convert to a full-time virtual school program (Managed Public School customer). Changes in business line classification occur at the time the contractual agreement is modified. The following represents our revenue for our three lines of business for each of the last three fiscal years. Year Ended June 30, Growth 2014 / 2013 Growth 2013 / 2012 2014 2013 2012 Change Change % Change Change % (Dollars in thousands) Managed Public Schools . . . . . $804,469 $730,800 $596,142 $73,669 Institutional Business . . . . . . . International and Private Pay 73,150 73,269 66,765 (6,504) (cid:3)8.9% 10.1% $134,658 119 Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,319 44,151 39,115 4,168 9.4% 5,036 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $919,553 $848,220 $708,407 $71,333 8.4% $139,813 73 22.6% 0.2% 12.9% 19.7% The following table sets forth statements of operations data and the amounts as a percentage of revenues for each of the periods indicated: Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 (Dollars in thousands) Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $919,553 100.0% $848,220 100.0% $708,407 100.0% Cost and expenses Instructional costs and services . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative and other operating 569,219 61.9% 498,398 58.7% 408,560 57.7% expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product development expenses . . . . . . . . . . 313,258 14,220 34.1% 283,032 1.5% 21,084 33.4% 245,274 2.5% 25,593 Total costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896,697 97.5% 802,514 94.6% 679,427 34.6% 3.6% 95.9% Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . 22,856 6,404 (69) 2.5% 45,706 — 0.7% 851 0.0% 5.4% 28,980 0.0% — 0.1% 4.1% 0.0% (989) (cid:3)0.1% Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add net loss attributable to noncontrolling 3.2% 46,557 4.0% 29,191 (11,075) (cid:3)1.2% (20,023) (cid:3)2.4% (11,882) (cid:3)1.7% 2.3% 18,116 2.0% 26,534 5.5% 27,991 3.1% 16,109 interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484 0.1% 1,577 0.2% 1,434 0.2% Net income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,600 2.1% $ 28,111 3.3% $ 17,543 2.5% Comparison of Years Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 Revenues. Our revenues for the year ended June 30, 2014 were $919.6 million, representing an increase of $71.4 million or 8.4%, as compared to $848.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2013. Our revenue growth was primarily attributable to an increase of $73.7 million, or 10.1%, in Managed Public Schools revenue, largely due to overall enrollment growth of 4.8% and increases in the per-pupil rate of achieved state funding in some states, other changes in state funding rates and higher utilization in federal and state restricted funding per managed student, and a $4.2 million increase in International and Private Pay revenue, partially as a result of strong growth in iCademy course enrollments. Institutional business revenue decreased $6.5 million, or 8.9%, from the prior year due to decreased volume and rates. Instructional Costs and Services Expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses for the year ended June 30, 2014 were $569.2 million, representing an increase of $70.8 million or 14.2%, as compared to $498.4 million for the prior fiscal year. Of the total increase, $18.6 million relates to accelerated depreciation and amortization during fiscal year 2014 for certain curriculum, learning systems and other fixed assets that will no longer be used or developed, computers that we estimate will not be returned and additional provisions for the decision to discontinue certain products and for excess inventory relative to anticipated demand. The remaining $52.2 million increase between periods related to increased salary and other personnel benefits to teachers, program and material costs due to enrollment growth. Instructional costs and services expenses were 61.9% of revenue during the year ended June 30, 2014; however excluding the impact of the accelerated depreciation and amortization, instructional costs and services were 59.9%, compared to 58.7% for the prior fiscal year. 74 Selling, Administrative and Other Operating Expenses. Selling, administrative and other operating expenses for the year ended June 30, 2014 were $313.3 million, representing an increase of $30.3 million or 10.7%, as compared to $283.0 million for the prior fiscal year. Of the total increase, $7.4 million related to severance and accelerated stock compensation costs for the termination of employment of our former Chief Executive Officer and other employees, and $5.2 million related to an impairment charge on trade names that will no longer be used. The remainder of the increase related to increased headcount, professional fees and marketing costs, offset in part by reduced sales commissions. As a percentage of revenues, selling, administrative and other operating expenses were 34.1% for the year ended June 30, 2014; however excluding severance and accelerated amortization described above, selling, administrative and other expenses were 32.7% as a percentage of revenue, less than the 33.4% for prior fiscal year, reflecting our continued costs savings initiatives. Product Development Expenses. Product development expenses include costs related to new products and associated systems. Product development expenses for the year ended June 30, 2014 were $14.2 million, representing a decrease of $6.9 million or 32.7%, as compared to $21.1 million for the prior fiscal year. As a percentage of revenues, product development expenses decreased to 1.5% for the year ended June 30, 2014, as compared to 2.5% for the prior fiscal year due to a decrease in third-party professional fees supporting product development activities and our costs savings initiatives. Realized Gain on Sale of Assets. Realized gain on sale of assets for the year ended June 30, 2014 was $6.4 million, as compared to zero for the prior fiscal year. In June 2014, we completed a sale of select non-strategic businesses to Safanad Education Ventures Limited, including IS Berne, Capital Education, our post-secondary business, and our interest in our joint venture in the Middle East we operated with a Safanad Limited affliliate. Net Interest Income (Expense). Net interest expense for the year ended June 30, 2014 was $(0.1) million, as compared to net interest income of $0.9 million for the prior fiscal year. The change to net interest expense compared to net interest income in the prior fiscal year related primarily to a decrease of approximately $1.0 million in interest income related to our exercise of the put option on our investment in Web International Education Group, Ltd in fiscal year 2013, partially offset by interest expense related our capital leases and equipment financing arrangements. Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2014 was $11.1 million, or 37.9% of income before taxes, as compared to an income tax expense of $20.0 million, or 43.0% of income before taxes, for the prior fiscal year. Our overall effective tax rate decreased from the prior year due to prior year favorable return to provision true-ups, providing for additional reserves related to the prior year tax positions and additional tax benefits related to research activities of the Company. Net Income. Net income was $18.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2014 compared to net income of $26.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2013, a decrease of $8.4 million, or 31.7%. Net income as a percentage of revenues decreased to 2.0% for the year ended June 30, 2014 as compared to 3.1% for the prior year, as a result of the factors discussed above. Noncontrolling Interest. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Noncontrolling interest reflects the after-tax losses attributable to shareholders in our joint ventures in the Middle East through the sale date and Middlebury Interactive Languages. Our noncontrolling interest fluctuates in proportion to the operating results of these respective joint ventures. 75 Comparison of Years Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 Revenues. Our revenues for the year ended June 30, 2013 were $848.2 million, representing an increase of $139.8 million or 19.7%, as compared to $708.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2012. Our revenue growth was primarily attributable to an increase of $134.7 million in Managed Public Schools revenue, largely as the result of an increase in per pupil funding rates compared to the previous year; overall enrollment growth; and a $5.0 million increase in International and Private Pay revenue, partially as a result of strong growth in iCademy course enrollments. Revenue for the Managed Public Schools grew 22.6% year-over-year, while total average enrollment growth for Managed Public Schools students grew by 12.7%. Instructional Costs and Services Expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses for the year ended June 30, 2013 were $498.4 million, representing an increase of $89.8 million or 22.0%, as compared to $408.6 million for the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in instructional and administrative costs of $80.2 million; an increase in materials and computers costs of $4.0 million; and an increase in amortization of curriculum and online learning systems of $4.4 million. Our instructional costs and services expenses grew in similar proportion to the growth in revenue as these generally are variable costs directly associated with student enrollments. As a percentage of revenues, instructional costs and services expenses increased slightly to 58.7% for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013, as compared to 57.7% for the prior fiscal year. Selling, Administrative and Other Operating Expenses. Selling, administrative and other operating expenses for the year ended June 30, 2013 were $283.0 million, representing an increase of $37.7 million or 15.4%, as compared to $245.3 million for the prior fiscal year. This increase was principally attributable to an increase of $29.0 million in personnel costs primarily due to growth in headcount and an increase in marketing and advertising expenses. As a percentage of revenues, selling, administrative and other operating expenses decreased slightly to 33.4% for the year ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 34.6% for the prior fiscal year. Product Development Expenses. Product development expenses include costs related to new products and associated systems. Product development expenses for the year ended June 30, 2013 were $21.1 million, representing a decrease of $4.5 million or 17.6%, as compared to $25.6 million for the prior fiscal year. This decrease was primarily attributable to higher capitalization rates compared to the prior year and a decrease in system maintenance expenses. As a percentage of revenues, product development expenses decreased to 2.5% for the year ended June 30, 2013, as compared to 3.6% for the prior fiscal year. Net Interest Income (Expense). Net interest income for the year ended June 30, 2013 was $0.9 million, as compared to net interest expense of $1.0 million for the prior fiscal year. The change to net interest income compared to net interest expense in the prior fiscal year related to $2.0 million in interest income related to our exercise of the put option on our investment in Web International Education Group, Ltd. The interest income related to this transaction was partially offset by interest expense related our capital leases and equipment financing arrangements. Income Taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2013 was $20.0 million, or 43.0% of income before taxes, as compared to an income tax expense of $11.9 million, or 42.4% of income before taxes, for the prior fiscal year. Our overall effective tax rate increased from the prior year with 2013 reflecting an increase to the rate attributable to foreign operations. Net Income. Net income was $26.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2013 compared to net income of $16.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2012, an increase of $10.4 million, or 64.6%. Net income as a percentage of revenues increased to 3.1% for the year ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 2.3% for the prior year, as a result of the factors discussed above. 76 Noncontrolling Interest. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Noncontrolling interest reflects the after-tax losses attributable to shareholders in our joint ventures in the Middle East and Middlebury Interactive Languages. Our noncontrolling interest fluctuates in proportion to the operating results of these respective joint ventures. Discussion of Seasonality of Financial Condition Certain accounts in our balance sheet are subject to seasonal fluctuations. As our enrollments and revenues grow, we expect these seasonal trends to be amplified. The bulk of our materials are shipped to students prior to the beginning of the school year, usually in July or August. In order to prepare for the upcoming school year, we generally build up inventories during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year. Therefore, inventories tend to be at the highest levels at the end of our fiscal year. In the first quarter of our fiscal year, inventories tend to decline significantly as materials are shipped to students. In our fourth quarter, inventory purchases and the extent to which we utilize early payment discounts will impact the level of accounts payable. Accounts receivable balances tend to be at the highest levels in the first quarter of our fiscal year as we begin billing for all enrolled students and our billing arrangements include upfront fees for many of the elements of our offering. These upfront fees result in seasonal fluctuations to our deferred revenue balances. State education budgets, which remain under pressure due to the current economic environment and public school funding levels, including for the online public schools that we manage, have been reduced in many states over the past few years and even mid-year adjustments have occurred. We routinely monitor state legislative activity and regulatory proceedings that might impact the funding received by the schools we serve and to the extent possible, factor potential outcomes into our business planning decisions. Generally, deferred revenue balances related to the schools tend to be highest in the first quarter, when the majority of students enroll. Since the deferred revenue is amortized over the course of the school year, which typically ends in May or June, the balance is normally at its lowest at the end of our fiscal year. Generally, deferred revenues from virtual and blended public schools have not been a source of liquidity as most schools receive their funding over the course of the school year. The deferred revenue related to our direct-to-consumer business results from advance payments for twelve month subscriptions to our online school. These advance payments are amortized over the life of the subscription and tend to be highest at the end of the fourth quarter and first quarter, when the majority of subscriptions are sold. Liquidity and Capital Resources As of June 30, 2014, we had net working capital, or current assets minus current liabilities, of $351.4 million. Our working capital includes cash and cash equivalents of $196.1 million, including $2.4 million associated with our joint venture, and net accounts receivable of $194.7 million. Our working capital provides a significant source of liquidity for our normal operating needs. Our accounts receivable balance fluctuates throughout the fiscal year based on the timing of customer billings and collections and tends to be highest in the first fiscal quarter as we begin billing for students. In addition, our cash and accounts receivable were significantly in excess of our accounts payable and short-term accrued liabilities at June 30, 2014. We had a $35.0 million unsecured line of credit that expired on December 31, 2013 with PNC Bank, N.A., or PNC, for general corporate operating purposes. On January 31, 2014, we executed a $100.0 million unsecured line of credit to be used for general corporate operating purposes with Bank of America, N.A. (‘‘BOA’’). The line has a five-year term, bears interest at the higher of the Bank’s prime rate, or the Federal Funds Rates plus 0.50%, or the LIBOR rate plus 1.00% and incorporates customary financial and other covenants, including but not limited to a maximum debt leverage and a minimum fixed 77 charge coverage ratio. As of June 30, 2014, we were in compliance with these covenants and we had no borrowings outstanding on the line of credit. We incur capital lease obligations for student computers under a lease line of credit with PNC Equipment Finance, LLC with annual lease availability limits. We have $35.0 million of availability for new leasing during fiscal year 2015. This availability expires in July 2015 and interest rates on the new borrowings are based upon an initial rate of 2.34% modified by changes in the three year interest rate swaps rate as published in the Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15, ‘‘Selected Interest Rates,’’ between June 25, 2014 and the Lease Commencement Date, as defined in the lease line of credit. As of June 30, 2014, the aggregate outstanding balance under the lease lines of credit was $36.9 million. Borrowings bore interest at rates ranging from 2.52% to 3.08% and included a 36-month payment term with a $1 purchase option at the end of the term. We have pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases. We may extend our lease line of credit for additional periods, or consider alternative arrangements for financing student computers. On November 4, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of our outstanding common stock over a two year period. Any purchases under this buyback are dependent upon business and market conditions and other factors. The stock purchases may be made from time to time and may be made through a variety of methods including open market purchases and trading plans that may be adopted in accordance with the Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, cumulative stock repurchases totaled $48.5 million resulting in remaining availability of $26.5 million for shares to be purchased under the plan. Our cash requirements consist primarily of day-to-day operating expenses, capital expenditures and contractual obligations with respect to office facility leases, capital equipment leases and other operating leases. We expect to make future payments on existing leases from cash generated from operations. We believe that the combination of funds to be generated from operations, net working capital on hand and access to our line of credit will be adequate to finance our ongoing operations for the foreseeable future. In addition, to a lesser degree, we continue to explore acquisitions, strategic investments and joint ventures related to our business that we may acquire using cash, stock, debt, contribution of assets or a combination thereof. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $123.5 million, $95.3 million and $33.0 million, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2014 was $123.5 million compared to $95.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2013. The $28.2 million improvement in cash flow from operations between periods was attributable primarily to increased accounts receivable collections and less investment in inventory during the year ended June 30, 2014 than during the prior year. Cash from operations is impacted by the timing of cash collections from products and services provided and payment of operating costs to fund the continued growth and expansion of our business. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2013 was $95.3 million compared to $33.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2012. The $62.3 million improvement in cash flow from operations between periods was attributable to higher net income excluding non-cash items, increased cash collections from accounts receivable and less investment in working capital during the year ended June 30, 2013 than during the prior year. These cash collections relate to accounts receivable that increased during fiscal year 2012 from state funding delays to certain of our managed public schools. Cash from operations is impacted by the timing of cash collections from products and services provided and payment of operating costs to fund the continued growth and expansion of our business. 78 Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $45.8 million, $50.3 million and $61.2 million, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2014 decreased $4.5 million from 2013. This decrease was a result of cash received of $5.7 million related to a sale of assets and a net decrease of approximately $1.0 million in net capital expenditures for other property and equipment, capitalized software and curriculum development, offset in part by a note made to a managed school partner of $2.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2013 decreased $10.9 million from 2012. The year ended June 30, 2012 included the payment of $12.6 million for the purchase of the Kaplan/ Insight Assets, which is the primary reason for the net decrease in fiscal year 2013. This decrease was partially offset by a net increase in capital expenditures approximating $1.7 million for capitalized software, curriculum development and other property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2012 was primarily due to investment of $32.5 million in property and equipment, including internally developed and purchased software, investment in capitalized curriculum of $16.1 million, primarily related to the production of high school courses and elementary school math courses and the purchase of the Kaplan/Insight Assets for $12.6 million. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $64.0 million, $8.2 million and $19.8 million, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2014, our primary uses of cash in financing activities were the purchase of treasury stock and the payment of capital lease obligations incurred for the acquisition of student computers. For the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company purchased treasury stock which totaled approximately $48.5 million. The Company made no treasury stock purchases during the year ended June 30, 2013. Our cash payments for capital leases increased approximately $2.4 million due to increased purchases of student computers financed under capital leases. In addition, the year ended June 30, 2014 included a reduction of $7.8 million in the excess tax benefit from stock based compensation. The year ended June 30, 2014 included approximately $3.0 million more in proceeds from the exercise of stock options than the year ended June 30, 2013, which partially offset the increased uses noted above. The timing of cash from the exercise of options impacts our net cash used in financing activities. For the year ended June 30, 2013, net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of payments on capital leases totaling $21.8 million and the repurchase of restricted stock for income tax withholding of $2.5 million, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $7.3 million and excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation expense of $8.9 million. Our cash payments for capital leases increased $3.7 million between periods resulting from increased purchases of student computers financed under capital leases. The timing of cash from the exercise of options impacts our net cash used in financing activities. For the year ended June 30, 2012, net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of payments on capital leases and software financing arrangements totaling $18.4 million and excess tax expense from stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $3.4 million. 79 Contractual Obligations Our contractual obligations consist primarily of leases for office space, capital leases for equipment and other operating leases. The following summarizes our long-term contractual obligations as of June 30, 2014, which decreased from $94.4 million as of June 30, 2013: Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Thereafter Year Ending June 30, (In thousands) Contractual obligations at June 30, 2014 Capital leases(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $38,003 $21,217 $12,021 $ 4,765 $ — $ — $ — 17,944 Operating leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,186 7,199 7,291 7,910 7,243 7,599 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $93,189 $29,127 $19,620 $12,056 $7,199 $7,243 $17,944 (1) Includes interest expense. For the schools to which we provide turn-key management services, we typically take responsibility for any school operating losses that the school may incur. These individual school operating losses, if they occur, are recorded at the time as a reduction in revenues. Potential school operating losses are not included as a commitment or obligation in the above table as they cannot be determined at this time and many not even occur. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have provided guarantees of approximately $8.5 million related to lease commitments on the buildings for certain of our Flex schools. We contractually guarantee that certain schools under our management will not have annual operating deficits and our management fees from these schools may be reduced accordingly to cover any school operating deficits. Other than these lease and operating deficit guarantees, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Impact of Inflation We believe that inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations for any of the years in the three year period ended June 30, 2014. We cannot be sure that future inflation will not have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) issued Accounting Standards Update (‘‘ASU’’) 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which is included in Accounting Standards Codification (‘‘ASC’’) 220, Comprehensive Income. This update improves the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The guidance was effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013, and applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance in the Company’s fiscal year 2014 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures. In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Components of an Entity, which updates the definition of discontinued operations from current US GAAP. Going forward only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results will be reported as discontinued operations in the financial statements. Currently, a component of an entity that is a reportable segment, an 80 operating segment, a reporting unit, a subsidiary, or an asset group is eligible for discontinued operations presentation. Additionally, the existing condition that the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction has been removed. The effective date for the revised standard is for applicable transactions that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014. This resulted in the presentation of historical results of our sold business assets as normal operations in fiscal year 2014, and a one-time gain of $6.4 million being recognized outside of operating income upon the sale of the business in fiscal year 2014. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under US GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which we will adopt the standard in 2017. 81 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Interest Rate Risk At June 30, 2014 and 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $196.1 million and $181.5 million, respectively. The Company did not enter into market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes during fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012. Future interest and investment income is subject to the impact of interest rate changes and we may be subject to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. At June 30, 2014, a 1% gross increase in interest rates earned on cash would result in $2.0 million annualized increase in interest income. Our short-term debt obligations under our revolving credit facility are subject to interest rate exposure, however as we had no outstanding balance on this facility as of June 30, 2014, fluctuations in interest rates would not have any impact on our interest expense. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk We currently operate in several foreign countries, but we do not transact a material amount of business in a foreign currency and therefore fluctuations in exchange rates will not have a material impact on our financial statements. However, we are pursuing additional opportunities in international markets and expect our international presence to grow. If we enter into any material transactions in a foreign currency or establish or acquire any subsidiaries that measure and record their financial condition and results of operation in a foreign currency, we will be exposed to currency transaction risk and/or currency translation risk. Exchange rates between U.S. dollars and many foreign currencies have fluctuated significantly over the last few years and may continue to do so in the future. Accordingly, we may decide in the future to undertake hedging strategies to minimize the effect of currency fluctuations on our financial condition and results of operations. 82 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2014 and 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 . . . . . Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 120 83 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Board of Directors and Stockholders K12 Inc. Herndon, Virginia We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of K12 Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2014. In connection with our audits of the financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of K12 Inc. and subsidiaries at June 30, 2014 and 2013, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), K12 Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated August 15, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Bethesda, Maryland August 15, 2014 /s/ BDO USA, LLP 84 K12 INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS June 30, 2014 2013 (In thousands, except share and per share data) ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $196,109 Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,460 and $2,560 at June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current portion of deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized software, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized curriculum development costs, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goodwill Deposits and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,676 33,830 7,732 7,356 25,498 465,201 48,581 49,920 60,782 23,708 58,088 5,387 $181,480 186,459 44,395 11,368 10,331 23,916 457,949 56,142 43,504 64,599 32,139 61,413 3,150 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $711,667 $718,896 LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST AND EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 30,976 20,539 Accrued liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,400 Accrued compensation and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,353 Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,492 Current portion of capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Current portion of note payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred rent, net of current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital lease obligations, net of current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,760 8,488 16,447 22,478 4,763 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,936 Commitments and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redeemable noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 16,801 Equity: K12 Inc. stockholders’ equity Common stock, par value $0.0001; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 41,144,062 and 37,440,662 shares issued and 38,948,866 and 37,440,662 shares outstanding at June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional paid-in capital Series A Special Stock, par value $0.0001; 2,750,000 shares issued, zero and 2,750,000 outstanding at June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated other comprehensive loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasury stock of 2,195,196 and zero shares at cost at June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013, respectively . 4 639,036 — (112) (61,450) (48,548) Total K12 Inc. stockholders’ equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528,930 — Total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528,930 Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $711,667 $ 21,838 17,027 21,970 28,567 19,395 390 109,187 8,833 16,107 33,299 2,512 169,938 — 15,200 4 548,390 63,112 (294) (81,050) — 530,162 3,596 533,758 $718,896 See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated financial statements. 85 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS K12 INC. Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost and expenses Instructional costs and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative and other operating expenses . . . . . Product development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . Net income attributable to common stockholders, including (In thousands, except share and per share data) 708,407 $ 919,553 848,220 $ $ 569,219 313,258 14,220 896,697 22,856 6,404 (69) 29,191 (11,075) 18,116 1,484 498,398 283,032 21,084 802,514 45,706 — 851 46,557 (20,023) 26,534 1,577 408,560 245,274 25,593 679,427 28,980 — (989) 27,991 (11,882) 16,109 1,434 Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,600 $ 28,111 $ 17,543 Net income attributable to common stockholders per share, excluding Series A stockholders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.50 0.50 $ $ 0.72 0.72 $ $ 0.46 0.45 38,987,470 36,267,345 35,802,678 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,230,516 39,017,345 38,740,863 See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated financial statements. 86 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME K12 INC. Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other comprehensive income, net of tax Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 $18,116 (In thousands) $26,534 $16,109 Foreign currency translation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 (394) 72 Total other comprehensive income, net of tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . 18,298 1,484 26,140 1,577 16,181 1,434 Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,782 $27,717 $17,615 See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated financial statements. 87 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY K12 INC. Common Stock Common Stock—A Shares Amount Shares Amount K12 Inc Stockholders Additional Accumulated Other Paid-in Comprehensive Accumulated Capital Income Deficit Treasury Stock Shares Amount Noncontrolling Interest Total . . . . . . . 35,927,452 — . $ 4 — 2,750,000 $ 63,112 — — $512,181 — $ 28 — $(126,704) 17,543 — $ — (In thousands, except share data) Balance, June 30, 2011 . Net income (loss)(1) . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adjustments . compensation . . . . Stock based compensation expense . Exercise of stock options . . Excess tax expense from stock-based . . . . . Issuance of restricted stock awards . . Forfeiture of restricted stock awards . . Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to estimated redemption . . value . Retirement of restricted stock for tax . . . Registration expenses for shares issued . in private placement withholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance, June 30, 2012 . . Net income (loss)(1) Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adjustments . compensation . . . . Stock based compensation expense . Exercise of stock options . . . Excess tax benefit from stock-based . . . . . . . Issuance of restricted stock awards . Forfeiture of restricted stock awards . . Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to estimated redemption . . value . Retirement of restricted stock for tax . . withholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance, June 30, 2013 . Net income (loss)(1) . Foreign currency translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock . adjustments . . . . Conversion of Series A to Common . . . . . . Purchase of Treasury Stock . . Stock based compensation expense . Exercise of stock options . . . Excess tax benefit from stock-based . compensation . . . . . . Issuance of restricted stock awards . . Forfeiture of restricted stock awards . . Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to estimated redemption . . value . Retirement of restricted stock for tax . . Deconsolidation of certain businesses withholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — — 217,956 — — — — — 398,940 — (52,411) — — — (55,004) — — . . . . . . 36,436,933 — . . . . — — 437,054 — 4 — — — — — — — 768,951 (86,142) — — — (116,134) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10,067 3,380 (3,122) — — (1,462) (1,292) (313) 2,750,000 — 63,112 — 519,439 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14,374 7,253 8,889 — — 981 (2,546) 72 — — — — — — — — 100 — (394) — — — — — — — . 37,440,662 — . $ 4 — 2,750,000 $ 63,112 — — $548,390 — $(294) — $ (81,050) 19,600 — — — — — 182 — 2,750,000 — — 531,262 — (2,750,000) — — — — — — (63,112) — — — — — 704,131 — (93,423) — — — (188,570) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 63,112 — 22,828 10,294 1,075 — — (1,645) (5,018) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (2,195,196) — — — — — (48,548) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (109,161) 28,111 — $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — $ 4,126 28 $452,747 17,571 — — — — — — — — — 72 10,067 3,380 (3,122) — — (1,462) (1,292) (313) 4,154 (558) 477,648 27,553 — — — — — — — — (394) 14,374 7,253 8,889 — — 981 (2,546) $ 3,596 (209) $533,758 19,391 — — — — — — — — — — (3,387) 182 — (48,548) 22,828 10,294 1,075 — — (1,645) (5,018) (3,387) Balance, June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . 41,144,062 $ 4 — $ — $639,036 $(112) $ (61,450) (2,195,196) $(48,548) $ — $528,930 (1) Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest excludes $1.3 million, $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively due to the redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Middlebury Interactive Languages, which is reported outside of permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet (See Note 10). See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated financial statements. 88 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS K12 INC. Cash flows from operating activities Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock-based compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax (benefit) expense from stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for doubtful accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for inventory obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision for student computer shrinkage and obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepaid expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deposits and other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued compensation and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restricted cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred rent and other liabilities Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) $ 18,116 $ 26,534 $ 16,109 86,267 22,828 (1,075) (7,186) 1,439 4,293 (526) (6,404) (12,257) 6,272 2,735 (1,645) (212) 9,778 4,793 (4,214) (1,429) — 1,904 65,737 14,374 (8,889) 15,770 2,070 387 482 — (27,708) (6,929) 843 682 (466) (2,115) 3,226 4,616 3,119 1,501 2,059 58,033 10,067 3,122 10,297 204 1,618 1,038 — (64,270) (8,918) (784) (5,260) 764 2,794 (292) 4,275 3,351 — 843 Net cash provided by operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,477 95,293 32,991 Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized software development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized curriculum development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mortgage note to a managed school partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net cash received on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of Kaplan/Insight assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7,405) (26,553) (15,411) (2,100) 5,665 — (10,483) (8,339) (21,994) (23,446) (16,123) (18,560) — — — — — (12,641) Net cash used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45,804) (50,345) (61,241) Cash flows from financing activities Repayments on capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repayments on notes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of treasury stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proceeds from exercise of stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from investment in noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Payment of stock registration expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excess tax benefit (expense) from stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . Retirement of restricted stock for tax withholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (22,694) (390) (48,548) 10,294 1,275 — 1,075 (5,018) (20,275) (1,533) — 7,253 — — 8,889 (2,546) (16,600) (1,820) — 3,380 — (313) (3,122) (1,292) Net cash used in financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64,006) (8,212) (19,767) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . Net change in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 14,629 181,480 92 (430) 36,828 144,652 (48,447) 193,099 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $196,109 $181,480 $144,652 See accompanying summary of accounting policies and notes to consolidated financial statements. 89 K12 Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. Description of the Business K12 Inc. and its subsidiaries (‘‘K12’’ or the ‘‘Company’’) is a technology-based education company. The Company offers proprietary curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students primarily in kindergarten through 12th grade, or K-12. The Company’s mission is to maximize a child’s potential by providing access to an engaging and effective education, regardless of geographic location or socio-economic background. Our learning system combines the Company’s curriculum and offerings with an individualized learning approach well-suited for virtual and blended public schools, public school districts, charter schools, private schools and families that utilize varying degrees of online and traditional classroom instruction, and other educational applications. In contracting with a virtual and blended public school, the Company typically provides students with access to the K12 online curriculum, offline learning kits and the use of a personal computer in certain cases, in addition to providing management services. For fiscal year 2015, the Company will manage virtual schools in 33 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, the Company works closely as partners with a growing number of public schools, school districts, private schools and charter schools enabling them to offer their students an array of online education solutions, including full-time virtual and blended programs, semester course and supplemental solutions. In addition to curriculum, systems and programs, the Company provides teacher training, teaching services and other support services. 2. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company operates in one operating and reportable business segment as a technology-based education company providing proprietary curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students primarily in kindergarten through 12th grade. The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates profitability based only on consolidated results. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (‘‘GAAP’’) requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, amortization periods, the allocation of purchase price to the fair value of net assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, fair values used in asset impairment evaluations, valuation of long-lived assets, fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest, contingencies, income taxes and stock-based compensation expense. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of the analysis form the basis for making assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 90 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Revenue Recognition and Concentration of Revenues Revenues are principally earned from long-term contractual agreements to provide online curriculum, books, materials, computers and management services to virtual and blended public schools, traditional schools, school districts, public charter schools, and private schools. In addition to providing the curriculum, books and materials, under most contracts, the Company manages virtual and blended public schools, including monitoring academic achievement, teacher hiring and training, compensation of school personnel, financial management, enrollment processing and procurement of curriculum, equipment and required services. The schools receive funding on a per student basis from the state in which the public school or school district is located. Shipments for schools that occur in the fourth fiscal quarter and for the upcoming school year are recorded in deferred revenues. Where the Company has determined that it is the primary obligor for substantially all expenses under these contracts, the Company records the associated per student revenue received by the school from its state funding school district up to the expenses incurred in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. As a result of being the primary obligor, amounts recorded as revenues and instructional costs and services for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were $265.2 million, $247.1 million and $183.5 million, respectively. For contracts where the Company is not the primary obligor, the Company records revenue based on its net fees earned under the contractual agreement. The Company generates revenues under contracts with virtual and blended public schools which include multiple elements. These elements include providing each of a school’s students with access to the Company’s online school and the component of lessons; offline learning kits, which include books and materials to supplement the online lessons; the use of a personal computer and associated reclamation services; internet access and technology support services; the services of a state-certified teacher; and management and technology services required to operate a virtual public or blended school. In certain managed school contracts, revenue is determined directly by per enrollment funding. The Company has determined that the elements of its contracts are valuable to schools in combination, but do not have standalone value. As a result, the elements within the Company’s multiple- element contracts do not qualify as separate units of accounting. Accordingly, the Company accounts for revenues under multiple element arrangements as a single unit of accounting and recognizes the entire arrangement based upon the approximate rate at which it incurs the costs associated with each element. Revenue from certain managed schools is recognized ratably over the period services are performed. To determine the pro rata amount of revenues to recognize in a fiscal quarter, we estimate the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels which are generally published on an annual basis by the state or school district. We review our estimates of funding periodically, and revise as necessary, amortizing any adjustments to earned revenues over the remaining portion of the fiscal year. Actual school funding may vary from these estimates, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on our results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of our fiscal year, we are generally able to base our annual revenues on actual school funding. Our schools reported results are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results of these audits are incorporated into our monthly funding estimates and for the reported fiscal years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, our aggregate funding estimates differed from actual reimbursements impacting total reported revenue by approximately 0.2%, (0.1%) and 0.7%, respectively. 91 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Under the contracts where the Company provides turnkey management services to schools, the Company has generally agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools in a given school year. These school operating losses represent the excess of costs incurred over revenues earned by the virtual or blended public school as reflected on its respective financial statements, including Company charges to the schools. To the extent a school does not receive funding for each student enrolled in the school, the school would incur an operating loss for the unfunded enrollment. If losses due to unfunded enrollments result in a net operating loss for the year that loss is reflected as reduction in the revenue and net receivables that we collect from the school. A school net operating loss in one year does not necessarily mean the Company anticipates losing money on the entire contract with the school. However, a school operating loss may reduce the Company’s ability to collect its management fees in full and recognized revenues are reduced accordingly to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. The Company amortizes the estimated school operating loss against revenues based upon the percentage of actual revenues in the period to total estimated revenues for the fiscal year. For turnkey revenue service contracts, a school operating loss may reduce our ability to collect our management fees in full though as noted it does not necessarily mean that we incur a loss during the period with respect to our services to that school. We recognize revenue, net of our estimated portion of school operating losses, to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. Revenue is recognized based on our performance of services under the contract, which we believe is proportionate to our incurrence of costs. We incur costs directly related to the delivery of services. Most of these costs are recognized throughout the year; however, certain costs related to upfront delivery of printed materials, workbooks, laboratory materials and other items are provided at the beginning of the school year and are recognized as expense when shipped. Each state or school district has variations in the school funding formulas and methodologies that we use to estimate funding for revenue recognition at our respective schools. As we build the funding estimates for each school, we are mindful of the state definition for count dates on which reported enrollment numbers will be used for per pupil funding. The parameters we consider in estimating funding for revenue recognition purposes include school district count definitions, withdrawal rates, average daily attendance, special needs enrollment, student demographics, progress trajectory and historical completion, student location, funding caps and other state specified categorical program funding. The estimates we make each period on a school-by-school basis consider the latest information available to us and consider material relevant information at the time of the estimate. Management periodically reviews its estimates of full-year school revenues and operating expenses and amortizes the net impact of any changes to these estimates over the remainder of the fiscal year. Actual school operating losses may vary from these estimates or revisions, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of our fiscal year, annual revenues are generally based on actual school revenues and actual costs incurred (including costs for our services to the schools plus other costs the schools may incur) in the calculation of school operating losses. For the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s revenue included a reduction for these school operating losses of $49.8 million, $64.5 million and $54.8 million, respectively. The Company provides certain online curriculum and services to schools and school districts under subscription and perpetual license agreements. Revenue under these agreements is recognized in accordance with the ASC 605 when all of the following conditions are met: there is persuasive evidence of 92 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) an arrangement; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed and determinable; and the collectability of the fee is probable. Revenue from the licensing of curriculum under subscription arrangements is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription period. Revenue from the licensing of curriculum under non-cancelable perpetual arrangements is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue from professional consulting, training and support services are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period. Other revenues are generated from individual customers who prepay and have access for one to two years to company-provided online curriculum. The Company recognizes these revenues pro rata over the maximum term of the customer contract. Revenues from associated offline learning kits are recognized upon shipment. During the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, approximately 88%, 86% and 84%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues were recognized from schools we managed. The Company had contracts with two schools that represented approximately 13% and 10% of revenues, respectively, during 2014, approximately 14% and 11% of revenues in 2013 and represented about 13% and 12% of revenues in 2012. Approximately 9% and 7% of accounts receivable was attributable to a contract with one school as of June 30, 2014 and 2013. Reclassifications The Company has reclassified certain prior year fixed asset classifications to conform to the current year presentation. There was no effect on the fixed assets, total assets, or the income statement from such reclassification. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are expensed when incurred and are classified as instructional costs and services in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Shipping and handling charges invoiced to a customer and are included in revenues. Research and Development Costs All research and development costs, including patent application costs, are expensed as incurred. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of cash on hand and cash held in money market and demand deposit accounts. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible accounts primarily for estimated losses resulting from the inability or failure of individual customers to make required payments. The Company analyzes accounts receivable, historical percentages of uncollectible accounts and changes in payment history when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for uncollectible accounts. Actual write-offs might 93 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) exceed the recorded allowance, but collection experience has been consistent with the Company’s estimates. Inventories Inventories consist primarily of textbooks and curriculum materials, a majority of which are supplied to virtual and blended public schools and utilized directly by students. Inventories represent items that are purchased and are recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. Excess and obsolete inventory reserves are established based upon the evaluation of the quantity on hand relative to demand. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company increased the provision for excess and obsolete inventory by $4.2 million primarily related to the decision to discontinue certain products and excess inventory relative to anticipated demand. There were no material write-downs for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. The excess and obsolete inventory reserve at June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $9.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively. Other Current Assets Other current assets consist primarily of textbooks, curriculum materials and other supplies which are expected to be returned upon the completion of the school year. Materials not returned are expensed as part of instructional costs and services. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset (or the lesser of the term of the lease and the estimated useful life of the asset under capital lease). Amortization of assets capitalized under capital lease arrangements is included in depreciation and amortization expense. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The Company determines the lease term in accordance with ASC 840, Leases, as the fixed non-cancelable term of the lease plus all periods for which failure to renew the lease imposes a penalty on the lessee in an amount such that renewal appears, at the inception of the lease, to be reasonably assured. Property and equipment are depreciated over the following useful lives: Student computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Web site development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office equipment Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Useful Life 3 years 3 years 3 - 5 years 3 years 5 years 7 years 3 - 12 years During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company updated the estimate of unreturned computers based on an analysis of recent trends of returns and utilization rates, as well as information obtained from the student computer processing systems. As a result, the Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $6.5 million for computers that we estimate will not be returned by our students. The Company recorded no accelerated depreciation for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. 94 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Capitalized Software The Company develops software for internal use. Software development costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. The Company amortizes these costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software development costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Capitalized software development additions totaled $26.6 million, $23.4 million and $22.0 million for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company wrote down approximately $3.8 million of capitalized software projects after determining the assets either have no future use or are being sunset. There were no material write-downs of capitalized software projects for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $20.1 million, $14.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively. Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs The Company internally develops curriculum, which is primarily provided as online content and accessed via the Internet. The Company also creates textbooks and other materials that are complementary to online content. The Company capitalizes curriculum development costs incurred during the application development stage in accordance with ASC 350. The Company capitalizes curriculum development costs during the design and deployment phases of the project. Many of the Company’s new courses leverage off of proven delivery platforms and are primarily content, which has no technological hurdles. As a result, a significant portion of the Company’s courseware development costs qualify for capitalization due to the concentration of its development efforts on the content of the courseware. Capitalization ends when a course is available for general release to its customers, at which time amortization of the capitalized costs begins. The period of time over which these development costs will be amortized is generally five years. Total capitalized curriculum development additions were $15.4 million, $18.6 million and $16.1 million for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. These amounts are recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of amortization and impairment charges. Amortization charges are recorded in product development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were $19.0 million, $14.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively. The Company wrote down approximately $2.2 million of capitalized curriculum development costs due to its decision to discontinue certain curriculum during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. There were no material write-downs of capitalized curriculum development costs for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Noncontrolling Interest Earnings or losses attributable to other stockholders of a consolidated affiliated company are classified separately as ‘‘noncontrolling interest’’ in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest reflects only its share of the after-tax earnings or losses of an affiliated company. Income taxes attributable to noncontrolling interest are determined using the applicable statutory tax rates in the jurisdictions where such operations are conducted. These rates vary from country to country. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets reflect noncontrolling interests within the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet, except for redeemable noncontrolling interests. 95 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Noncontrolling interest is classified separately in the Company’s consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. These businesses were deconsolidated during fiscal year 2014. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries that are redeemable outside of the Company’s control for cash or other assets are classified outside of permanent equity at redeemable value which approximates fair value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted to their fair value at each balance sheet date. The resulting increases or decreases in the estimated redemption amount are affected by corresponding charges against retained earnings or, in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in-capital. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company records as goodwill the excess of purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations subject to amortization are recorded at their fair value. Finite-lived intangible assets include trade names, acquired customers and non-compete agreements. Such intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, finite-lived intangible assets were recorded at $37.4 million and $44.9 million, respectively, and accumulated amortization of $13.7 million and $12.8 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $8.0 million, $4.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company determined that based on rebranding of the Institutional Sales business, the Company fully amortized certain trade names that are no longer going to be used and recorded a $5.2 million impairment charge. There was no material impairment charge for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Future amortization of intangible assets is $2.5 million, $2.5 million, $2.0 million, $2.0 million and $2.0 million in the years ended June 30, 2015 through June 30, 2019, respectively and $12.7 million thereafter. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the goodwill balance was $58.1 million and $61.4 million, respectively. The Company reviews its recorded finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset. ASC 350 prescribes a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill and intangibles with indefinite lives, which is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. ASC 350 also allows preparers to qualitatively assess goodwill impairment through a screening process which would permit companies to forgo Step 1 of their annual goodwill impairment process. This qualitative screening process will hereinafter be referred to as ‘‘Step 0’’. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have an indefinite life are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or earlier when events or changes in circumstances suggest the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The Company has elected to perform its annual assessment on May 31st. For the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 no goodwill impairment was recorded. As a result of the sale of the business assets during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company wrote off goodwill of $3.4 million and net intangibles of $0.4 million associated with these entities. 96 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The following table represents goodwill additions/reductions during fiscal years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012: ($ in millions) Rollforward of Goodwill Amount Balance as of June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $61.6 Adjustments due to other foreign exchange translations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (0.2) Balance as of June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $61.4 Sale of business unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments due to other foreign exchange translations $ (3.4) 0.1 Balance as of June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $58.1 Intangible Assets: ($ in millions) Trade names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customer and distributor relationships . . . . . Developed technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 2013 Gross Net Gross Net Carrying Accumulated Carrying Carrying Accumulated Carrying Amount Amortization Amount Amortization Value Value $17.5 18.2 1.2 0.5 $37.4 $ (4.6) (7.7) (1.2) (0.2) $(13.7) $12.9 10.5 — 0.3 $23.7 $24.0 18.9 1.5 0.5 $44.9 $ (5.1) (6.5) (1.0) (0.2) $(12.8) $18.9 12.4 0.5 0.3 $32.1 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets include property, equipment, capitalized curriculum and software developed or obtained for internal use. In accordance with ASC 360, the Company reviews its recorded long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. ASC 740 requires that the net deferred tax asset be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized. 97 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Sales Taxes Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenues. Collected but unremitted sales tax is included as part of accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenues do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales tax. Stock-Based Compensation The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The determination of the fair value of the Company’s stock option awards and restricted stock awards is based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the Company’s common stock price, expected stock price volatility over the expected life of awards, and actual and projected exercise behavior. Additionally, the Company has estimated forfeitures for share-based awards at the dates of grant based on historical experience, adjusted for future expectation. The forfeiture estimate is revised as necessary if actual forfeitures differ from these estimates. Advertising and Marketing Costs Advertising and marketing costs consist primarily of internet advertising, online marketing, direct mail, print media and television commercials and are expensed when incurred. Series A Special Stock The Company issued 2,750,000 shares of Series A Special stock in connection with an acquisition. The holders of the Series A Special stock had the right to convert those shares into common stock on a one-for-one basis and for the right to vote on all matters presented to K12 stockholders, other than for the election and removal of directors, for which holders of the Series A Special stock have no voting rights. These shares were converted into common stock on September 3, 2013 and no Series A Special stock remains outstanding as of June 30, 2014. Net Income Per Common Share The Company calculates net income per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Under ASC 260, basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding includes vested restricted stock awards. Diluted earnings per share (‘‘EPS’’) reflects the potential dilution that could occur assuming conversion or exercise of all dilutive unexercised stock options. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards, was determined using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, the amount of compensation cost for future service not yet recognized by the Company and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the stock options become deductible for income tax purposes are all assumed to be used to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Stock options and restricted awards are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share when they are antidilutive. Common stock outstanding reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets include restricted awards outstanding. Securities 98 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) that may participate in undistributed earnings with common stock are considered participating securities. Since the Series A Shares participate in all dividends and distributions declared or paid with respect to common stock of the Company (as if a holder of common stock), the Series A Shares meet the definition of participating security under ASC 260. All securities that meet the definition of a participating security, regardless of whether the securities are convertible, non-convertible or potential common stock securities, are included in the computation of both basic and diluted EPS (as a reduction of the numerator) using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, all undistributed earnings in a period are to be allocated to common stock and participating securities to the extent that each security may share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The following schedule presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share: Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands except shares and per share data) Basic earnings per share computation: Net income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amount allocated to participating Series A stockholders . . . . Income available to common stockholders—basic . . . . . . . . . Weighted average common shares—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic net income per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dilutive earnings per share computation: Income available to common stockholders—basic . . . . . . . . . Amount allocated to participating Series A stockholders . . . . Net income attributable to common stockholders, including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 19,600 $ — $ $ 28,111 (1,985) $ 19,600 38,987,470 0.50 $ $ 26,126 36,267,345 0.72 19,600 $ — $ 26,126 1,985 19,600 $ 28,111 $ $ $ $ $ 17,543 (1,252) 16,291 35,802,678 0.46 16,291 1,252 17,543 Share computation: Weighted average common shares—basic . . . . . . . . . . . . Series A Special Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock 38,987,470 — 36,267,345 2,750,000 35,802,678 2,750,000 awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243,046 — 188,185 Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted . . . 39,230,516 39,017,345 38,740,863 Diluted net income per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 0.50 $ 0.72 $ 0.45 At June 30, 2014, we had 41,144,062 shares of common stock issued and 38,948,866 shares outstanding, which included the 2,750,000 common shares associated with the Series A special stock conversion which occurred on September 3, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the shares of common stock issuable in connection with stock options of 558,186, 1,181,820 and 858,986, respectively, were not included in the diluted income per common share calculation since their effect was anti-dilutive. 99 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) Fair Value Measurements ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1: Inputs based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instruments valuation. The carrying values reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, receivables and short and long term debt approximate their fair values. The redeemable noncontrolling interest is a result of the Company’s joint venture with Middlebury College to form Middlebury Interactive Languages. Under the agreement, Middlebury College has an irrevocable election to sell all (but not less than all) of its membership interest to the Company (put right). The fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest reflects management’s best estimate of the redemption of the put right. The following table summarizes certain fair value information at June 30, 2014 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Description Fair Value Fair Value Measurements Using: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Input (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Middlebury Joint Venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,801 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,801 $— $— $— $— $16,801 $16,801 100 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) The following table summarizes certain fair value information at June 30, 2013 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Description Fair Value Fair Value Measurements Using: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Input (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (In thousands) Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Middlebury Joint Venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,200 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,200 $— $— $— $— $15,200 $15,200 The following table presents activity related to our fair value measurements categorized as Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, valued on a recurring basis, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. Fair Value June 30, 2013 Purchases, Issuances, and Settlements Net Unrealized Gains Fair Value June 30, 2014 (In thousands) Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Middlebury Joint Venture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15,200 $15,200 $1,275 $1,275 $326 $326 $16,801 $16,801 The fair value of the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in Middlebury Joint Venture was measured in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and was based upon a valuation from a third-party valuation firm. In determining the fair value, the valuation incorporated a number of assumptions and estimates including an income-based valuation approach. As of June 30, 2014 the fair value was estimated at $16.8 million. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) issued Accounting Standards Update (‘‘ASU’’) 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which is included in Accounting Standards Codification (‘‘ASC’’) 220, Comprehensive Income. This update improves the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The guidance was effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013, and applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance in the Company’s fiscal year 2014 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures. In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Components of an Entity, which updates the definition of discontinued operations from current US GAAP. Going forward only those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results will be reported as discontinued operations in the financial statements. Currently, a component of an entity that is a reportable segment, an operating segment, a reporting unit, a subsidiary, or an asset group is eligible for discontinued operations presentation. Additionally, the existing condition that the entity will not have any significant continuing 101 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction has been removed. The effective date for the revised standard is for applicable transactions that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted, but only for disposals (or classifications as held for sale) that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued or available for issuance. The Company adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014. This resulted in the presentation of historical results of our sold business assets as normal operations in fiscal year 2014, and a one-time gain of $6.4 million being recognized outside of operating income upon the sale of the business in fiscal year 2014. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under US GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which we will adopt the standard in 2017. 4. Property and Equipment and Capitalized Software Property and equipment consist of the following at: June 30, 2014 2013 (In thousands) Student computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Web site development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 61,165 30,788 16,377 11,369 1,387 5,698 1,115 $ 104,639 28,074 17,162 10,857 1,581 5,700 1,115 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . 127,899 (79,318) 169,128 (112,986) $ 48,581 $ 56,142 The Company recorded depreciation expense related to property and equipment reflected in selling, administrative and other operating expenses of $9.4 million, $9.8 million and $9.6 million during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense of $28.1 million, $21.0 million and $17.7 million related to computers leased to students is reflected in instructional costs and services during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Amortization expense of $1.7 million, 102 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 4. Property and Equipment and Capitalized Software (Continued) $1.4 million and $2.0 million related to student software costs is reflected in instructional costs and services during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. In the course of its normal operations, the Company incurs maintenance and repair expenses. Those are expensed as incurred and amounted to $10.2 million, $8.1 million and $5.6 million for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Capitalized software consists of the following at: June 30, 2014 2013 (In thousands) Capitalized software costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less accumulated depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . $109,590 (59,670) $ 87,166 (43,662) $ 49,920 $ 43,504 The Company recorded amortization expense of $18.2 million, $12.2 million and $9.6 million related to capitalized software development reflected in instructional costs and services during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Amortization expense of zero, $0.8 million and $2.0 million related to capitalized software development reflected in product development expenses during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company recorded amortization of capitalized software development costs reflected in selling, administrative and other operating expenses of $1.9 million, $1.7 million and $1.0 million during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company wrote down approximately $3.8 million of capitalized software projects after determining the assets either have no future use or are being sunset. There were no material write-downs of capitalized software costs for the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. 5. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based on earnings reported in the consolidated financial statements. A deferred income tax asset or liability is determined by applying currently enacted tax laws and rates to the expected reversal of the cumulative temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. Deferred income tax expense or benefit is measured by the change in the deferred income tax asset or liability during the year. 103 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 5. Income Taxes (Continued) Deferred tax assets and liabilities result primarily from temporary differences in book versus tax basis accounting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: Deferred tax assets (liabilities): Net operating loss carryforward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stock compensation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax basis intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2014 2013 (In thousands) $ 3,066 6,953 12,055 5,462 20 975 2,232 576 2,074 490 $ 3,545 8,147 9,616 3,994 2,777 — 2,006 638 1,857 504 Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,903 33,084 Deferred tax liabilities: Capitalized software and website development costs . . . . . . . . . Purchased intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Property and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitalized curriculum development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Returned materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investment in Middlebury Interactive Languages . . . . . . . . . . . (18,743) (6,166) (2,313) (12,782) (5,316) (1,361) (15,812) (7,898) (10,616) (13,701) (4,722) (997) Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (46,681) (53,746) Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valuation allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12,778) (1,968) (20,662) (1,269) Net deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(14,746) $(21,931) Reported as: Current deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncurrent deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,732 (22,478) $ 11,368 (33,299) Net deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $(14,746) $(21,931) The Company maintains a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of $2.0 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, predominantly related to state and foreign income tax net operating losses (‘‘NOL’’) as the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that it will utilize these deferred tax assets. The Company adjusted its valuation allowance for the year ended June 30, 2014 to increase the valuation allowance for additional foreign net operating losses, certain state tax credits, and capital losses. The Company has not provided for U.S. deferred income taxes on undistributed foreign earnings because such earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested. Undistributed earnings of certain consolidated foreign subsidiaries at June 30, 2014 amounted to $13.2 million. If such 104 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 5. Income Taxes (Continued) earnings were not permanently reinvested, a U.S. deferred income tax liability of approximately $5.3 million would have been required. At June 30, 2014, the Company had available federal NOL carryforwards of $3.6 million. These NOLs expire in 2021 if unused. At June 30, 2013, the Company had available Research and Development Credits of $3.3 million. The Company has no unused R&D credits at June 30, 2014. For the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company has evaluated whether a change in the Company’s ownership of outstanding classes of stock as defined in Internal Revenue Code Section 382 could prohibit or limit the Company’s ability to utilize its NOLs. As a result of this study, the Company has concluded it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to fully utilize its NOLs subject to the Section 382 limitation. The related components of the income tax expense for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were as follows: Current: Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deferred: Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 (In thousands) $13,520 2,649 56 $ $ 1,153 3,134 (34) 16,225 4,253 (4,537) (263) (350) 16,388 (784) 166 154 1,358 73 1,585 8,891 1,219 187 Total deferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5,150) 15,770 10,297 Total income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,075 $20,023 $11,882 105 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 5. Income Taxes (Continued) The provision for income taxes can be reconciled to the income tax that would result from applying the statutory rate to the net income before income taxes as follows: U.S. federal tax at statutory rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lobbying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State taxes, net of federal benefit Transaction costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Research and development tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic production activities deduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of foreign operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncontrolling interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserve for unrecognized tax benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valuation allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% 0.4 1.3 1.6 (0.2) 3.5 4.3 0.4 (0.1) (0.7) (0.7) (6.4) — 2.4 (4.0) 0.9 1.8 — 3.9 — 2.4 (0.5) 0.6 1.4 2.4 6.6 — (1.0) — (2.7) 1.8 — — (1.1) Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9% 43.0% 42.4% The effective income tax rates during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were 37.9%, 43.0%, and 42.4%, respectively. The primary causes of the changes in the effective tax rate were provision true-ups and additional tax benefits related to research activities of the Company, offset by additional reserves related to prior year tax positions. Tax Uncertainties The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10 which applies to all tax positions related to income taxes. ASC 740-10 provides a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions that the company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. ASC 740-10 clarifies accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. If the probability for sustaining a tax position is greater than 50%, then the tax position is warranted and recognition should be at the highest amount which would be expected to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. At June 30, 2014, the Company had $0.1 million in interest and penalties accrued. Balance at beginning of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions for prior year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additions for current year tax positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (In thousands) $ 906 302 138 $1,346 702 507 Balance at end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,555 $1,346 $817 — 89 $906 Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 106 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 5. Income Taxes (Continued) The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal, foreign and various state jurisdictions. Given the federal and certain state net operating losses generated in prior years, the statute of limitations for all tax years beginning with the period ended December 31, 2000 are still open. The statute of limitations for certain states for certain subsidiaries that have generated income may only extend back to 2009. The returns of the foreign subsidiaries are open to examination for the periods dating back to 2009. If recognized, all of the $2.6 million balance of unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate. It is reasonably expected that unrecognized tax benefits related to income tax issues may change by a significant amount over the next twelve months. 6. Lease Commitments Capital Leases The Company incurs capital lease obligations for student computers under a lease line of credit with PNC Equipment Finance, LLC with annual borrowing limits. The Company had annual borrowing availability under the lease line of credit of $35.0 million as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the aggregate outstanding balance under the lease line of credit, including balances from prior years, was $36.9 million and $35.5 million, respectively, with lease interest rates ranging from 2.52% to 3.08%. Individual leases under the lease line of credit include 36-month payment terms with a $1 purchase option at the end of each lease term. The Company has pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases. The lease line of credit was subject to cross default compliance provisions in the Company’s line of credit agreement with PNC Bank, N.A. (see Note 7). The net carrying value of leased student computers as of June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $20.9 million and $31.2 million, respectively. In July 2014, the Company extended its leasing agreement with an annual leasing availability of $35.0 million for fiscal year 2015. This availability expires in July 2015 and interest rates on the new borrowings are based upon an initial rate of 2.34% modified by changes in the three year interest rate swaps rate as published in the Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15, ‘‘Selected Interest Rates,’’ between June 25, 2014 and the Lease Commencement Date, as defined in the lease line of credit. The following is a summary as of June 30, 2014 of the present value of the net minimum lease payments on capital leases under the Company’s commitments: ($ in thousands) 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less amount representing interest (imputed weighted average interest rate of 2.86%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capital Leases $ 21,217 12,021 4,765 38,003 (1,064) 36,939 (20,492) Present value of net minimum payments, less current portion . . . . . . . . . . $ 16,447 107 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 6. Lease Commitments (Continued) Operating leases The Company has fixed non-cancelable operating leases with terms expiring through 2022 for office space leases. Office leases generally contain renewal options and certain leases provide for scheduled rate increases over the lease terms. Rent expense was $8.8 million, $7.7 million and $7.8 million for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases with initial terms of one year or more are as follows: ($ in thousands) 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ending June 30, $ 7,910 7,599 7,291 7,199 7,243 17,944 Total future minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $55,186 7. Line of Credit We had a $35.0 million unsecured line of credit that expired on December 31, 2013 with PNC Bank, N.A., or PNC, for general corporate operating purposes. On January 31, 2014, we executed a $100.0 million unsecured line of credit to be used for general corporate operating purposes with Bank of America, N.A. (‘‘BOA’’). The line has a five year term, bears interest at the higher of the Bank’s prime rate or the Federal Funds Rates plus 0.50%, or the LIBOR rate plus 1.00%. The Credit Agreement includes a $10.0 million letter of credit facility. Issuance of letters of credit reduces the availability of permitted borrowings under the Credit Agreement. The Company had no amounts outstanding on the line of credit or letter of credit facilities in fiscal years 2014 and 2013. The Credit Agreement contains a number of financial and other covenants that, among other things, restrict our and our subsidiaries’ abilities to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens or other security interests, make certain investments, make specified restricted payments, including dividends, dispose of assets or stock, including the stock of our subsidiaries, or make capital expenditures above specified limits and engage in other matters customarily restricted in senior credit facilities. The agreement incorporates customary financial and other covenants, including but not limited to a maximum debt leverage and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. As of June 30, 2014, we were in compliance with these covenants. 8. Equity Transactions The Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. No Preferred Stock was issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2014 or 2013. 108 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 8. Equity Transactions (Continued) Series A Special Stock The Company issued 2,750,000 shares of Series A Special Stock in connection with its acquisition of KC Distance Learning, Inc. The holders of the Series A Special Stock had the right to convert those shares into common stock on a one-for-one basis and for the right to vote on all matters presented to K12 stockholders, other than for the election and removal of directors, for which holders of the Series A Special Stock had no voting rights. These shares were converted into common stock on September 3, 2013 and no Series A Special Stock remains outstanding as of June 30, 2014. 9. Stock Option Plan The Company adopted a Stock Option Plan in May 2000 (the ‘‘Option Plan’’) under which, employees, outside directors and independent contractors could participate in the Company’s future performance through awards of nonqualified stock options to purchase common stock. In December 2003, the total number of common stock shares reserved for grant and issuance pursuant to the Option Plan was increased to 2,549,019 shares. In October 2007, the Company’s Board adopted the 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan, as amended (the ‘‘2007 Plan’’) increasing the number of common stock shares reserved for issuance to 4,213,921 shares plus increases in the shares pursuant to an ‘‘evergreen provision’’ that may be issued under the 2007 Plan over the course of its ten-year term. Each stock option is exercisable pursuant to the vesting schedule set forth in the stock option agreement granting such stock option, generally over four years. No stock option shall be exercisable after the expiration of its option term. The Company has granted stock options under the 2007 Plan and the Company has also granted stock options to executive officers under stand-alone agreements outside the Plan. Options granted under stand-alone agreements totaled 1,441,168 as of June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012. There have been no grants of stock options to independent contractors. Compensation expense for all equity-based compensation awards is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model method to calculate the fair value of stock options. The use of option valuation models requires the input by management of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, the expected life of the option term and forfeiture rate. These assumptions are utilized by the Company in determining the estimated fair value of stock options. 109 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 9. Stock Option Plan (Continued) The fair value of the Company’s service and performance based stock options was estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 Dividend yield . . . . . . . . . . . Expected volatility . . . . . . . . Risk-free interest rate . . . . . . Expected life of the option term (in years) . . . . . . . . . Forfeiture rate . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00% 49% to 55% 0.00% 51% to 58% 1.23% to 1.73% 0.62% to 1.23% 0.68% to 0.96% 0.00% 48% to 55% 4.82 to 5.14 12% to 28% 4.82 to 5.14 10% to 28% 5.11 to 5.25 10% to 27% The fair value of the options granted for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $3.0 million, $6.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively. This amount will be expensed over the required service period. Dividend yield—The Company has never declared or paid dividends on its common stock and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future. Expected volatility—Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. Prior to fiscal year 2014, since the Company did not have sufficient historical data, the basis for the standard option volatility calculation is derived from known publicly traded comparable companies. The annual volatility for these companies is derived from their historical stock price data. Beginning in 2014, the Company used its own volatility rather than utilizing a peer group volatility. Risk-free interest rate—The assumed risk free rate used is a zero coupon U.S. Treasury security with a maturity that approximates the expected term of the option. Expected life of the option term—The period of time that the options granted are expected to remain unexercised. Options granted during the year have a maximum term of eight years. The Company estimates the expected life of the option term based on an average life between the dates that options become fully vested and the maximum life of options granted. Forfeiture rate—The estimated percentage of options granted that are expected to be forfeited or canceled before becoming fully vested. The Company uses a forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of different classification levels of employees in the Company. 110 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 9. Stock Option Plan (Continued) Stock option activity including stand-alone agreements during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 are as follows: Outstanding, June 30, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited or canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding, June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited or canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outstanding, June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forfeited or canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shares 2,765,729 489,486 (217,956) (87,319) 2,949,940 740,509 (437,054) (360,207) 2,893,188 306,220 (531,262) (89,745) Weighted Average Weighted Average Exercise Contractual Life (Years) Remaining Aggregate Intrinsic Value Price 4.58 $38,485 4.21 $36,916 4.98 $50,038 $16.81 25.22 15.08 23.34 $20.41 21.35 16.59 28.93 $20.17 26.90 17.49 22.63 Outstanding, June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,578,401 $21.44 Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2014 1,808,758 $20.30 4.57 3.66 $42,754 $10,755 Stock options outstanding at June 30, 2014 included 368,575 options related to performance or market based options. During the year ended June 30, 2014, performance or market based options vested were 79,359. Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2014 included 368,575 stock options related to performance based options. Vesting of performance based options is contingent on meeting various company-wide performance goals. The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last day of the year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2014. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $7.4 million, $3.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2014, there was $6.7 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the Stock Option Plans adopted in May 2000 and October 2007. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.18 years. During the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized $7.0 million, $5.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of stock based compensation expense. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of $1.6 million associated with extending the exercise period of certain option awards to our former Chief Executive Officer upon his resignation from the Board of Directors and $1.5 million associated with accelerated vesting of option awards to our former Chief Executive Officer 111 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 9. Stock Option Plan (Continued) and other employees upon termination of employment. There were no similar charges in the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. The total income tax (expense)/benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock options exercised during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $1.1 million, $8.9 million and $(3.1) million, respectively. Restricted Stock Awards The Company has approved grants of restricted stock awards (‘‘RSA’’) pursuant to the 2007 Plan. Under the Plan, employees, outside directors and independent contractors are able to participate in the Company’s future performance through the awards of restricted stock. Each RSA vests pursuant to the vesting schedule set forth in the restricted stock agreement granting such RSA’s, generally over three years. Under the 2007 Plan, there have been no awards of restricted stock to independent contractors. Restricted stock award activity during the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was as follows: Nonvested, June 30, 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested, June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonvested, June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canceled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shares 444,151 398,940 (199,043) (52,411) 591,637 768,951 (346,309) (86,142) 928,137 704,131 (559,250) (93,423) Weighted- Average Fair Value $23.62 26.19 23.46 26.86 25.12 21.78 24.00 23.01 22.97 31.49 25.11 26.24 Nonvested, June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979,595 $22.97 During the year ended June 30, 2014, 144,222 new performance based restricted stock awards were granted and 311,722 were outstanding at June 30, 2014. During the year ended June 30, 2014, 87,500 performance or market based awards vested. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock awards is contingent on certain financial performance goals. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted for the year ended June 30, 2014 was $18.7 million. As of June 30, 2014, there was $19.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.11 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the year ended June 30, 2014 was $12.5 million. During the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized $15.8 million, $9.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards. During the year ended June 30, 2014, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of $3.6 million associated with accelerated vesting of equity awards to our former Chief 112 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 9. Stock Option Plan (Continued) Executive Officer and other employees upon termination of employment. There were no similar charges in the years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. 10. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest In May 2010, the Company entered into an agreement to establish a joint venture with Middlebury College (‘‘Middlebury’’) to form Middlebury Interactive Languages LLC (‘‘MIL’’). The venture creates and distributes innovative, high-quality online language courses under the trademark Middlebury and other marks. At any time after the fifth (5th) anniversary of forming the joint venture, Middlebury may give written notice of its irrevocable election to sell all (but not less than all) of its membership interest to the Company (put right). The purchase price for Middlebury’s membership interest shall be its fair market value and the Company may, in its sole discretion, pay the purchase price in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock. At June 30, 2014, MIL had not met certain milestones associated with its Language Academy summer camp programs. As such, Middlebury may exercise its option to either repurchase the camp programs at fair market value along with other contractual rights. Middlebury has neither exercised nor expressed an intent to exercise the option. Given the provision of the put right, the noncontrolling interest is redeemable outside of the Company’s control and it is recorded outside of permanent equity at its redemption value fair value in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity (EITF Topic D-98, Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities). The Company will adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value on each balance sheet date with changes in redemption value recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, by adjustment to additional paid-in-capital. The following is a summary of the activity of the redeemable noncontrolling interest at June 30, 2014 and 2013: (In thousands) Balance of redeemable noncontrolling interest at June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to redemption value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance of redeemable noncontrolling interest at June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . Net loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net proceeds from noncontrolling interest contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustment to redemption value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Value $17,200 (1,019) (981) 15,200 (1,319) 1,275 1,645 Balance of redeemable noncontrolling interest at June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . $16,801 11. Commitments and Contingencies Litigation In the ordinary conduct of business, the Company is subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. The Company expenses legal costs as incurred. 113 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 11. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued) IpLearn On October 26, 2011, IpLearn, LLC (‘‘IpLearn’’) filed a complaint for patent infringement against us in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, IpLearn, LLC v. K12 Inc., Case No. 1:11-1026-RGA, which it subsequently amended on November 18, 2011. IpLearn is a privately-held technology development and licensing company for web and computer-based learning technologies. In its complaint, IpLearn alleges that we have infringed three of its patents for various computer-aided learning methods and systems and it is primarily seeking an injunction enjoining us from any continued infringement as well as an award of unspecified monetary damages. On July 2, 2012, the court granted our motion to dismiss IpLearn’s allegations of indirect patent infringement and allowed IpLearn’s allegations of direct patent infringement to proceed. On January 15, 2013, the court approved a stay of IpLearn’s claims alleging infringement of one of the three patents in the case involving technology licensed to us by a third party and on June 12, 2014, the court approved a stipulation by IpLearn that K12’s technology does not infringe the second of the three patents. The Company filed its motion for summary judgment regarding the remaining allegation of infringement on June 25, 2014. At June 30, 2014, the Company had not recorded a liability as a loss was neither probable nor estimable. Oklahoma Firefighters Complaint On January 30, 2014, a securities class-action lawsuit captioned Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Retirement System v. K12 Inc., et al., was filed against the Company, four of its officers and directors, and a former officer, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, In re K12 Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 1:14-CV-108-AJT-JFA. On June 24, 2014, the Court appointed the Oklahoma Firefighters Pension and Retirement System as lead plaintiff, and on May 23, 2014 the lead plaintiff filed an amended class action complaint (‘‘Amended Complaint’’). The plaintiff purports to represent a class of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired K12 common stock between February 5, 2013 and October 8, 2013, inclusive, and alleges violations by the defendants of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Amended Complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants made false or misleading statements of material fact, or failed to disclose material facts, about (i) the Company’s enrollment and revenue growth prospects for fiscal 2014, and (ii) the Company’s compliance with state regulations governing enrollment. The plaintiff seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. The Company intends to defend vigorously against the claims asserted in the Amended Complaint and filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint on June 20, 2014. The parties have fully briefed the motion to dismiss and on August 8, 2014 the Court heard oral arguments on the motion. Employment Agreements The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain executive officers that provide for severance payments and, in some cases other benefits, upon certain terminations of employment. Except for the agreements with the Company’s CEO that have three year terms, all other agreements provide for employment on an ‘‘at-will’’ basis. If the employee is terminated for ‘‘good reason’’ or without cause, the employee is entitled to salary continuation, and in some cases benefit continuation, for varying periods depending on the agreement. 114 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 11. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued) Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have provided guarantees of approximately $8.5 million related to lease commitments on the buildings for certain of our Flex schools. We contractually guarantee that certain schools under our management will not have annual operating deficits and our management fees from these schools may be reduced accordingly to cover any school operating deficits. Other than these lease and operating deficit guarantees, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 12. Acquisitions and Investments Investment in Web International Education Group Ltd. (Web) In January 2011, the Company invested $10.0 million to obtain a 20% minority interest in Web International Group, Ltd. (‘‘Web’’), a provider of English language learning centers in cities throughout China. From January 2011 through May 2013, the Company recorded its investment in Web as an available for sale debt security because of the ability to put the investment to other Web shareholders in return for the original $10.0 million investment plus interest. The Company’s option to purchase no less than 51% of Web expired on March 31, 2013 and on May 6, 2013, the Company exercised its right to put its investment back to Web for return of its original $10.0 million investment plus interest of 8%, which Web was contractually required to be paid by May 31, 2014, as amended. The Company reclassified this $10.0 million investment plus accrued interest of $2.8 million to a receivable, which is included in other current assets. The receivable is due and continues to accrue interest while Web works to administratively process the payment. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 and June 30, 2013, the Company recorded interest income of $0.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, associated with Web. Investment in School Mortgage On September 11, 2013, the Company issued a mortgage note (‘‘Mortgage’’) lending $2.1 million to a managed school partner. The note bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.25% per year and has a term of five years. Monthly principal and interest payments began in October 2013 with a final balloon payment of $1.8 million at the term of the loan. The Mortgage is primarily secured by the underlying property. The Mortgage and ancillary documents include customary affirmative and financial covenants for secured transactions of this type. The Company has recorded this as a held to maturity investment and the current amounts are included in other current assets while the non-current amounts are included in deposits and other assets on the balance sheet. Acquisition of Assets from Kaplan Virtual Education and Insight Schools, Inc. On July 1, 2011, the Company acquired certain assets of Kaplan Virtual Education (‘‘Kaplan/Insight Assets’’) for $12.6 million. The Kaplan/Insight Assets included contracts to serve nine virtual charter schools throughout the United States that have been integrated into the Company’s existing operations. The acquisition of the Kaplan/Insight assets had an immaterial pro forma impact on 2011 results. The majority of the purchase price has been allocated to goodwill and intangible assets for $6.7 million and $4.3 million, respectively. 115 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 13. Sale and Deconsolidation of Assets On June 11, 2014, the Company sold an asset group comprised of certain domestic and international business and assets including Capital Education a post-secondary education product, a brick and mortar school named the International School of Berne, and the Company’s 60% interest in the Middle East Joint Venture (‘‘Middle East JV’’) to Safanad Education Ventures Limited (‘‘Safanad’’). Safanad is an affiliate of Safanad Limited, our former partner in the Middle East JV. There was no retained interest in the disposed businesses and, as a result of the loss of control in the sale, the Company deconsolidated the assets recording a non-operating gain of approximately $6.4 million. In aggregate, these businesses were responsible for $16.9 million in revenue for the year ended June 30, 2014. As part of the transaction, the Company entered into a services agreement to license, host and provide other related services to use its curriculum and technology for education services in limited territories and markets as defined by the agreement. In addition, the Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement (TSA) with Safanad to provide various administrative and support services. 14. Related Party Transactions For the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company purchased services and assets in the amount of zero, $0.2 million, and $0.6 million, respectively, from Knowledge Universe Technologies (‘‘KUT’’) pursuant to a Transition Services Agreement related to the Company’s acquisition of KCDL. KUT is an affiliate of Learning Group, LLC, which was a related party until September 2013. In 2012, in accordance with the original terms of the joint venture agreement, the Company loaned $3.0 million to its 60% owned joint venture, Middlebury Interactive Language. In September 2013, the Company loaned the remaining $1.0 million available for borrowing under a loan agreement (‘‘Loan Agreement’’) between the Company and Middlebury Interactive Languages. The loan is repayable under terms and conditions specified in the Loan Agreement. The loan balance and related interest are eliminated since Middlebury Interactive Language is consolidated in the Company’s financial statements; however, repayment of the loan is dependent on the continued liquidity of Middlebury Interactive Language. On September 11, 2013, the Company issued a mortgage note (‘‘Mortgage’’) lending $2.1 million to a managed school partner. The note bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.25% per year and has a term of five years. Monthly principal and interest payments began in October 2013 with a final balloon payment of $1.8 million at the term of the loan. The Mortgage is primarily secured by the underlying property. 15. Employee Benefits The Company maintains a 401(k) salary deferral plan (the ‘‘401(k) Plan’’) for its employees. Employees at least 18 years of age who have been employed for at least 30 days may voluntarily contribute up to 15% of their compensation to the Plan on a pretax basis. The 401(k) Plan provides for a matching Company contribution of 25% of the first 4% of each participant’s compensation, which begins following six months of service with full vesting after three years of service. The Company expensed $3.7 million, $2.6 million and $0.6 million during each of the years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively under the 401(k) Plan. 116 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 16. Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information (In thousands) Cash paid for interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Ended June 30, 2014 2013 2012 $ 1,054 $ 1,237 $ $ 981 294 Cash paid for taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,134 $ 1,517 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Property and equipment financed by capital lease obligations . . . . . . . . . $24,132 $24,703 $27,209 Business Combinations —Current Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 1,043 —Property, equipment and software development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 1,941 —Capitalized curriculum development costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 1,000 —Intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 3,115 —Goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ 5,992 —Deferred revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ — $ — $ (405) 17. Common Stock Repurchases On November 4, 2013, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock over a two year period. Any purchases under the buyback are dependent upon business and market conditions and other factors. The stock purchases are made from time to time and may be made through a variety of methods including open market purchases and trading plans that may be adopted in accordance with the Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. For fiscal year ended June 30, 2014, the Company paid approximately $48.5 million, respectively, in cash to redeem 2,195,196 shares of common stock at an average price of $22.10 per share. At June 30, 2014, approximately $26.5 million remained authorized for repurchase. 18. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) The unaudited consolidated interim financial information presented should be read in conjunction with other information included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The following unaudited consolidated financial information reflects all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of 117 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 18. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) (Continued) the results of interim periods. The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly financial information for each of the Company’s last eight quarters. Consolidated Quarterly Statements of Operations Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost and expenses Instructional costs and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative and other operating expenses . . Product development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Realized gain on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . Net income attributable to common stockholders, 2014 Jun 30, 2014 Mar 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013 Sep 30, 2013 (In thousands) $ 232,046 $ 235,222 $ 223,919 $ 228,366 142,053 74,847 2,303 219,203 12,843 6,404 55 19,302 (7,349) 11,953 403 140,592 64,414 2,831 207,837 27,385 — (12) 27,373 (11,861) 15,512 437 153,672 75,753 3,402 232,827 (8,908) — (28) (8,936) 4,685 (4,251) 586 132,902 98,244 5,684 236,830 (8,464) — (84) (8,548) 3,450 (5,098) 58 including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 12,356 $ 15,949 $ (3,665) $ (5,040) Net income attributable to common stockholders per share, excluding Series A stockholders: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.32 0.32 $ $ 0.40 0.40 $ $ (0.09) $ (0.09) $ (0.13) (0.13) 38,540,464 39,596,798 39,977,228 37,868,928 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,742,379 39,596,798 39,977,228 37,868,928 118 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) K12 Inc. 18. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) (Continued) Consolidated Quarterly Statements of Operations Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost and expenses Instructional costs and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selling, administrative and other operating expenses . . Product development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total costs and expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interest income (expense), net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Add net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest . . . . Net income attributable to common stockholders, 2013 Jun 30, 2013 Mar 31, 2013 Dec 31, 2012 Sep 30, 2012 (In thousands) $ 203,087 $ 218,009 $ 206,028 $ 221,096 129,192 66,206 6,268 201,666 1,421 1,657 3,078 (1,828) 1,250 1,018 127,759 65,828 5,070 198,657 19,352 (306) 19,046 (7,626) 11,420 555 122,799 61,379 5,578 189,756 16,272 (272) 16,000 (6,680) 9,320 191 118,648 89,619 4,168 212,435 8,661 (228) 8,433 (3,889) 4,544 (187) including Series A stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,268 $ 11,975 $ 9,511 $ 4,357 Net income attributable to common stockholders per share, excluding Series A stockholders*: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts: Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ $ 0.06 0.06 $ $ 0.31 0.31 $ $ 0.24 0.24 $ $ 0.11 0.11 36,642,685 36,283,353 36,118,519 36,029,252 Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,475,382 39,033,353 38,868,519 38,779,252 * Includes the effect of rounding 119 SCHEDULE II K12 INC VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS YEARS ENDED June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012 1. ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS Balance at Beginning of Period June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,560,207 $1,623,974 $1,777,481 Additions Charged to Cost and Expenses 1,438,964 2,070,033 204,386 Deductions from Allowance 539,243 1,133,800 357,893 Balance at End of Period $3,459,928 $2,560,207 $1,623,974 2. INVENTORY RESERVE Balance at Beginning of Period June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,893,783 $4,506,981 $2,916,659 Charged to Cost and Expenses 4,292,974 386,802 1,617,623 Deductions, Shrinkage and Obsolescence 130,615 — 27,301 Balance at End of Period $9,056,142 $4,893,783 $4,506,981 3. COMPUTER RESERVE(1) Balance at Beginning of Period June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,988,400 $1,507,299 $1,063,285 Additions (Deductions) Charged to Cost and Expenses 1,862,553 482,188 1,038,132 Deductions, Shrinkage and Obsolescence 2,388,529 1,087 594,118 Balance at End of Period $1,462,424 $1,988,400 $1,507,299 (1) A reserve account is maintained against potential shrinkage and obsolescence for computers provided to the Company’s students. The reserve is calculated based upon several factors including historical percentages, the net book value and the remaining useful life. During fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, certain computers were written off against the reserve. 4. INCOME TAX VALUATION ALLOWANCE Balance at Beginning of Period Additions to Net Deferred Tax Assets Allowance Deductions in Net Deferred Tax Asset Allowance June 30, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 30, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,268,966 $1,065,829 $ 915,945 699,516 203,137 149,884 — — — Balance at End of Period $1,968,482 $1,268,966 $1,065,829 120 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’) management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2014, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (cid:127) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (cid:127) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and members of our board of directors; and (cid:127) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these 121 inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process, and it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk. Management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2014 using the framework set forth in the report of the Treadway Commission’s Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), ‘‘Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992).’’ As a result of management’s evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, management concluded that as of June 30, 2014, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2014 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears on page 123 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: In addition, management carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act, under supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 122 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Board of Directors and Stockholders K12 Inc. Herndon, Virginia We have audited K12 Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). K12 Inc. and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying ‘‘Item 9A, Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting’’. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, K12 Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2014, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of K12 Inc. and subsidiaries as of June 30, 2014 and 2013 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2014 and our report dated August 15, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Bethesda, Maryland August 15, 2014 /s/ BDO USA, LLP 123 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None PART III We will file a definitive Proxy Statement for our 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the ‘‘2014 Proxy Statement’’) with the SEC, pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year. Accordingly, certain information required by Part III has been omitted under General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. Only those sections of the 2014 Proxy Statement that specifically address the items set forth herein are incorporated by reference. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The information required by Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference to our 2014 Proxy Statement under the captions ‘‘Election of Directors’’ and ‘‘Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.’’ ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference to our 2014 Proxy Statement under the captions ‘‘Executive Compensation’’ and ‘‘Director Compensation.’’ ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS, MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The information required by Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference to our 2014 Proxy Statement under the caption ‘‘Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.’’ ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference to our 2014 Proxy Statement under the captions ‘‘Certain Transactions’’ and ‘‘Director Independence.’’ ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference to our 2014 Proxy Statement under the caption ‘‘Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees.’’ ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a)(1) Financial Statements. PART IV The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the financial statements and notes thereto listed in Item 8 of Part II and included in this Annual Report. (a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules. Except for Schedule II which was presented separately, all financial statement schedules are omitted because the required information is included in the financial statements and notes thereto listed in Item 8 of Part II and included in this Annual Report. (c) Exhibits. The following exhibits are incorporated by reference or filed herewith. See Exhibit Index 124 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES K12 INC. By: /s/ NATHANIEL A. DAVIS Name: Nathaniel A. Davis Title: Chief Executive Officer August 15, 2014 POWER OF ATTORNEY Know all persons by these presents, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Nathaniel A. Davis, James J. Rhyu and Howard D. Polsky, and each of them severally, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact with power of substitution and resubstitution to sign in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to do any and all things and execute any and all instruments that such attorney may deem necessary or advisable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K and any and all amendments hereto, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, and hereby ratifies and confirms all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, and his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ NATHANIEL A. DAVIS Nathaniel A. Davis Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) August 15, 2014 /s/ JAMES J. RHYU James J. Rhyu Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) /s/ CRAIG R. BARRETT Craig R. Barrett /s/ GUILLERMO BRON Guillermo Bron Director Director 125 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 Signature Title Date August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 August 15, 2014 /s/ FREDDA J. CASSELL Fredda J. Cassell /s/ ADAM L. COHN Adam L. Cohn /s/ JOHN M. ENGLER John M. Engler /s/ STEVEN B. FINK Steven B. Fink /s/ MARY H. FUTRELL Mary H. Futrell /s/ JON Q. REYNOLDS Jon Q. Reynolds /s/ ANDREW H. TISCH Andrew H. Tisch Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 126 Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Exhibit Index 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of K12 Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007). Amended and Restated Bylaws of K12 Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007). Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of K12 Inc. dated November 21, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2013). Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Relative and Other Special Rights of Series A Special Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 26, 2010). Form of stock certificate of common stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 4.2* Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and Amendment thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 4.3* 4.4 4.5 Form of Stock Option Contract—Employee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). Form of Stock Option Contract—Director (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). Form of Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 4.6* K12 Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan, as amended and filed herewith. 4.7* K12 Inc. 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 4.8* Form of Indemnification Agreement for Non-Management Directors and for Officers of K12 Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008). 4.9 Form of Director’s Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 22, 2008). 10.1*^ Amended and Restated Stock Option Agreement of Ronald J. Packard dated as of July 12, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 10.2 Deed of Lease by and between ACP/2300 Corporate Park Owner, LLC and K12 Inc., dated December 7, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 10.3* Employment Agreement of Howard D. Polsky (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 10.4*^ Stock Option Agreement between K12 Inc. and Ronald J. Packard dated as of July 12, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). 127 Exhibit No. 10.5* 10.6 10.7 10.8 Description of Exhibit First Amendment to Employment Agreement of Howard D. Polsky (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-144894). First Amendment to Deed of Lease by and between ACP/2300 Corporate Park Owner, LLC and K12 Inc., dated as of November 30, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008). Second Amendment to Deed of Lease by and between ACP/2300 Corporate Park Owner, LLC and K12 Inc., dated as of March 26, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008). Stockholders Agreement by and among K12 Inc., KCDL Holdings LLC, Learning Group LLC, Learning Group Partners, Knowledge Industries LLC, and Cornerstone Financial Group LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2010). 10.9* Amendment to Amended and Restated Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2010). 10.10* Employment Agreement of Timothy L. Murray (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012). 10.11* Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for Ronald J. Packard dated January 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2012). 10.12 10.13 10.14* 10.15 Educational and Products Services Agreement between the Agora Cyber Charter School and K12 Virtual Schools LLC, dated as of November 13, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013). First Amendment to the Educational and Products Services Agreement between the Agora Cyber Charter School and K12 Virtual Schools LLC, dated as of April 8, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013). First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for Ronald J. Packard, effective April, 29, 2013(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013). Second Amended and Restated Educational Products, and Administrative, and Technology Services Agreement between the Ohio Virtual Academy and K12 Ohio L.L.C (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 2007). 10.16* Employment Agreement for Nathaniel A. Davis effective as of January 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2012). 10.17* First Amendment to Employment Agreement for Nathaniel A. Davis effective as of January 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013). 10.18* Employment Agreement of James J. Rhyu dated May 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013). 128 Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit 10.19* Amended and Restated Employment Agreement for Nathaniel A. Davis effective as of March 10, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014). 10.20* First Amendment to Employment Agreement of Timothy L. Murray effective as of December 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2013). 10.21* Credit Agreement dated January 31, 2014 by and among K12 Inc., certain of K12’s subsidiaries, Bank of America, N.A., and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2013). 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Subsidiaries of K12 Inc. Consent of BDO USA, LLP. Power of Attorney (included in signature pages). Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition * Denotes management compensation plan or arrangement. ^ Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. A complete copy of the document, including the redacted portions, has been filed separately with the SEC. # Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files included in Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those Sections. 129  “K12 is the best thing I’ve ever done for my education and my future. They were the first people to believe in me.” – Kelsey, K12 Student Executive Management Board of Directors Company Directory Nathaniel A. Davis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Timothy L. Murray President and Chief Operating Officer James J. Rhyu Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Howard D. Polsky Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Allison B. Cleveland Executive Vice President, School Management and Services Nathaniel A. Davis Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, K12 Inc. Craig R. Barrett Retired Chairman and CEO, Intel Corporation Guillermo Bron Managing Director, Pine Brook Road Partners, LLC Fredda J. Cassell Retired Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Adam L. Cohn Partner, Knowledge Universe Charles C. Sullivan Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing & Enrollment Officer John M. Engler President, Business Roundtable James P. Donley Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer Steven B. Fink Deputy Chairman, Heron International Transfer Agent Registrar & Transfer Company 10 Commerce Drive Cranford, NJ 07016 800.368.5948 or 908.497.2300 Corporate website: rtco.com Independent Auditor BDO USA, LLP Bethesda, MD Legal Counsel Latham & Watkins, LLP Washington, DC Stock Exchange Listing Listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol LRN Annual Meeting The annual meeting of K12 Inc. stockholders will be held at the offices of Latham & Watkins, LLP Bryan W. Flood Senior Vice President, Public Affairs Margaret A. Jorgensen Senior Vice President, Chief Academic Officer Valerie A. Maddy Senior Vice President, Human Resources Peter G. Stewart Senior Vice President, School Development Mary H. Futrell Former Dean, Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University 555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000 Washington, DC 20004 on Wednesday, December 17, 2014 at 10 AM (ET). Jon Q. Reynolds, Jr. General Partner, Technology Crossover Ventures Andrew H. Tisch Co-Chairman of the Board and Chairman of Executive Committee, Loews Corporation Investor Inquiries Michael S. Kraft Vice President, Investor Relations 571.353.7778 mkraft@K12.com Online Information For corporate reports and company news, visit K12.com. VISIT US: K12.com TALK WITH US: 866.968.7512 “K12 aligns with the hopes you have for your children—that they be prepared to do anything they want, without limitations. You feel like your kids can accomplish anything.” — Allison, K12 mom All four children in a K12 Network school Copyright © 2014 K12 Inc. All rights reserved. K12 is a registered trademark of K12 Inc. The K12 logo and other marks referenced herein are trademarks of K12 Inc. and its subsidiaries, and other marks are owned by third parties. K 1 2 2 0 1 4 A N N U A L R E P O R T Putting Students First K 12 2014 A N N UA L R E P O RT 

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