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Swiss Reinsurance Co.

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FY2006 Annual Report · Swiss Reinsurance Co.
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2006 Annual Report
Driving Performance

Swiss Re’s Munich office. Working as a 
global community, Swiss Re employees 
leverage the Group’s expertise in risk and 
capital management to drive performance 
for clients and shareholders.

Key information

Premiums earned1

40 000

CHF millions 

30 000

20 000

39%

33 %

35%

36 %

37 %

10 000

Net income/loss1

5 000

CHF millions

4560

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

2475

2304

1702

0

61%

67 %

65 %

64%

63%

0

–91

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

  Non-life    Life & Health 

Return on equity1

13.6

16.3

10.2

10.3

20

15

10

5

0

in %

–0.5

Shareholders’ equity1

40 000

CHF millions

30 884

24 393

18 511

19 177

16 686

30 000

20 000

10 000

0

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

¹  2006 and 2005 figures are based on US GAAP, and previous years on Swiss GAAP.

S&P Moody’s A.M. Best

AA–

Aa2

stable

negative

A+

stable

Financial strength ratings

as of 23 February 2007

Rating

Outlook

Share performance

Market information as of 23 February 2007

Share price (in CHF)
Market capitalisation (in CHF millions)

105.50
37 796

2006

7.7
20.7

17.2

Performance

Swiss Re (in %)
Swiss Performance Index (in %)

DJ Europe STOXX Insurance Index (in %)

2002 – 23 February 2007 (p.a.)

–6.9
10.5

–1.5

300

Share price in CHF (logarithmic scale)

Annual performance in %

100

20

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

 Swiss Re       Swiss Performance Index       DJ Europe STOXX Insurance Index

50

25

0

–25

–50

 
 
 
Key information

Corporate highlights


Excellent net income of CHF 4.6 billion with strong underlying performance from 
all businesses
Successful acquisition and integration of GE Insurance Solutions
Continued strong investment performance with return on investments of 5.3% 
Property & Casualty operating income improved to CHF 5.0 billion, reflecting strong 
performance across all lines of business and low levels of natural catastrophe 
claims; combined ratio improved to 90.4%
Life & Health operating income of CHF 1.7 billion with return on operating revenues 
increasing to 10.0%
Financial Services operating income grew 21% to CHF 460 million, driven by 
strong results in credit, trading and structuring businesses
Shareholders’ equity increased 27% to CHF 30.9 billion on excellent earnings as 
well as equity raised for the financing of the GE Insurance Solutions acquisition
Return on equity increased to 16.3%
Dividend increase of 36% from CHF 2.50 to CHF 3.40 per share, as well as a share 
buy-back programme














Financial highlights

CHF millions unless otherwise stated 

Non-life business1

Premiums earned 

Combined ratio, traditional business (in %) 

Life & Health business

Premiums earned 

Return on operating revenues (in %) 

Financial Services business

Total revenues 

Operating income 

Group

Premiums earned 

Net income 

Earnings per share (in CHF) 

Dividend per share (in CHF) 
Shareholders’ equity 
Return on investments (in %) 

Return on equity (in %) 

Number of employees3

Including Property & Casualty and Credit Solutions

¹ 
²  Subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting on 20 April 2007
³  Permanent staff

2005 

2006 

Change in %

17 253 

112.3 

18 541 

90.4

9 638 

9.6 

10 974 

10.0

1 560 

379 

1 963 

460 

26 891 

29 515 

2 304 

7.44 

2.50 
24 393 
6.3 

10.3 

8 882 

4 560 

13.49 

3.40²
30 884 
5.3

16.3

10 891

7

14

26

21

10

98

81

36
27

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2006 Annual Report

Contents

Letter to shareholders 

2

Profile 

5  Key events

7  Swiss Re at a glance

14  Strategic direction

16  Knowledge and expertise

20  Corporate responsibility

Driving performance 

23  Driving performance – The CEO’s view

26  Performance for Swiss Re

28  Performance for our clients

30  Performance for partnerships

32  Performance for the future

Financial year 

34  Economic environment and industry trends

37  Group results

39 

Investments

42  Summary of financial statements

44  Property & Casualty business

48 

Life & Health business

51  Financial Services business

53  Business outlook

Governance 

54  Risk and capital management

65  Corporate governance

Swiss Re shares 

103

Financial statements 

107  Financial statements – Contents

109  Group financial statements

115  Notes to the Group financial statements

171  Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

187  Financial years 1998 –2006

General information 

188  Glossary

194  Cautionary note on forward-looking statements

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Letter to shareholders

Fellow shareholders, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen

2006 was an excellent year for Swiss Re, in which we made significant progress towards 
our goal of higher earnings, in terms of both absolute results and sustainability. It gives
us great pleasure to report net income rising 98% to CHF 4.6 billion, or CHF 13.49 per 
share, resulting in a return on equity of 16.3%. These excellent results are the outcome 
of hard work by the entire Swiss Re community to drive our performance by seizing 
 attractive opportunities, leveraging the integration of Insurance Solutions and constantly 
striving towards our strategic goal of organisational excellence.

All divisions contributed to the success of the 2006 results. Property & Casualty business 
delivered a strong operating income of CHF 5.0 billion and a combined ratio of 90.4%, 
an improvement of 23.7 percentage points compared with 2005. While the year benefit-
ed from a benign hurricane season, the underlying quality of our underwriting perform-
ance delivered substantially more value. Life & Health business continued to be a strong 
contributor to Swiss Re’s earnings with operating income of CHF 1.7 billion. Within our 
Client Markets teams, Europe Division, the historical bedrock of our Group with its strong 
client franchise, maintained its profitability track record. In the Americas, we strength-
ened our client base, leveraging our leadership position while maintaining pricing disci-
pline across all lines of business. Asia Division achieved further inroads in the Chinese 
market and continued to build on Swiss Re’s leading presence in the region. In
a highly competitive environment, Globals & Large Risks successfully grew the business, 
complemented by the industrial risk business of Insurance Solutions. Financial Services 
delivered strong results, with operating income of CHF 460 million, adding material val-
ue to the rest of the Group in terms of asset management, risk hedging and risk
intermediation. The Group’s active management of duration, credit spreads and equity 
exposure  resulted in a strong return on investments of 5.3%. We would like to express 
our appreciation to the respective teams for these remarkable achievements.

Our strategic direction focuses on four key objectives to deliver enhanced sustainable
returns for shareholders:





Generate economic profit growth
Reduce earnings volatility
Enlarge market scope
Advance organisational excellence

The 2006 results show how this powerful combination drives our performance, allowing 
us to deliver best in class client service and, ultimately, attractive shareholder returns.

Our strategic objectives have been embedded in all of Swiss Re’s activities, helping us
to further improve our economic efficiency. Our business goals are simple: to ensure
sustainable earnings per share growth and to pursue high quality business rather than 
volume for volume’s sake. This is further supported by continually expanding the scope 
and range of services we provide to clients in all lines of business and regions.

2  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Letter to shareholders

In 2006, Swiss Re achieved a series of strategic milestones. The successful integration
of Insurance Solutions marked the largest acquisition ever completed by Swiss Re, pro-
viding us with increased scale and an expanded talent pool. In December, we concluded 
our largest Admin ReSM transaction to date: the acquisition in the UK of GE Life business 
(which was not part of the acquisition of Insurance Solutions from General Electric). We 
also added several sizeable transactions to our securitisation strategy, structuring and 
selling pools of extreme mortality risk (Vita Capital), credit reinsurance (Crystal Credit) 
and natural catastrophe risks (Successor) to the capital markets. Finally, various efforts
to advance our operational efficiency were successfully completed.

Each of these milestones was achieved smoothly, demonstrating the experience and 
 organisational skills of the Group. Clients and brokers alike complimented our client 
teams on their ability to maintain a consistent and reliable partnership in the market.
This resulted in highly successful renewals for 2007 with non-life premiums rising 14%.

The excellent earnings for 2006 considerably reinforced our strong capital position, and 
the Board of Directors will recommend both a dividend increase of 36% to CHF 3.40 per 
share and a share buy-back programme. This recommendation reflects Swiss Re’s policy 
to focus on active capital management while maintaining superior capital adequacy and 
credit ratings.

Our executive management team was further strengthened in 2006 with the appoint-
ment of Roger Ferguson as Head of Financial Services and member of the Executive 
Committee, as well as Chairman of Swiss Re America Holding, succeeding Jacques 
Dubois. Roger’s vision, managerial talent and experience as a former Vice Chairman
of the US Federal Reserve are a strong addition to our team. We take this opportunity
to thank Jacques, who retired at the end of 2006, for his outstanding contribution to
Swiss Re and more recently for the key role he played in the acquisition of Insurance 
Solutions.

In December, the Executive Board was also reinforced with three additional appoint-
ments: Markus Diethelm, Group Chief Legal Officer, Philip Lotz, Head of Capital Manage-
ment and Advisory, and Jonathan Isherwood, Global Head of Claims & Liability Manage-
ment. Each of the new members brings deep experience and leadership to areas which 
are of critical value to the long-term success of Swiss Re.

In December, the Group announced that George Quinn will succeed Ann Godbehere
as Group Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and member of our Executive Committee as of 
1 March 2007. With his strong experience in all financial aspects of Swiss Re, George 
has already made a significant contribution to the success of our Group. In his recent
role as regional CFO for the Americas and CFO of Financial Services, he played a leading 
role in the integration of Insurance Solutions and helped to make the acquisition a suc-
cess for Swiss Re. We are gratified to have found the right talent within Swiss Re for 
this important position. The entire Board of Directors and Executive Board thank Ann for 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  3

Letter to shareholders

4  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

her  dedication and commitment during the past four years as Group CFO and through-
out her outstanding career, which spans more than 25 years with Swiss Re and the 
former Mercantile & General Re. 

The executive management can count on the support and also the constructive chal-
lenge of an independent, diversified and experienced Board of Directors, including 
former General Electric Vice Chairman Dennis Dammerman, who was elected to the 
Board in February 2006. We are pleased that Hans Ulrich Maerki has made himself 
available to join our Board. His election will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting 
on 20 April 2007. Mr Maerki is currently Chairman of IBM Europe, Middle East and 
 Africa, and will bring unique business insights to our Board.

Sadly, our friend and trusted Board member George Farr passed away in November. We 
would like to express our respect and admiration for his valuable guidance and leader-
ship over the years.

Swiss Re’s success is built on superior client services, pro-active capital management, 
diligent and disciplined underwriting, and dynamic growth through new products and 
markets. Our focus is to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns. Our leadership position 
has been reached thanks to the dedication and teamwork of over 10 000 colleagues 
in more than 25 countries, and we would like to thank all Swiss Re employees around the 
world for their invaluable contribution to our success.

We have embarked on 2007 with high confidence and even higher expectations for the 
continuing success of your company in delivering sustainable and strong earnings per 
share. With the conversion of our accounts to US GAAP and the adoption of quarterly 
 financial disclosure, we look forward to providing you with a continuous flow of informa-
tion throughout the year.

Zurich, 1 March 2007

Peter Forstmoser 
Chairman of the Board of Directors 

Jacques Aigrain
Chief Executive Officer

Profile

Key events

1

2

3

1  Opening of Swiss Re’s Asian training centre
2  Swiss Re commits to Clinton Global Initiative
3   Employees in Kansas City join Swiss Re follow-
ing the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions

2006
23 January
First credit reinsurance securitisation
Swiss Re successfully completed its first 
credit reinsurance securitisation. The EUR 
252 million issue increased Swiss Re’s 
capital efficiency by trans ferring credit 
 insurance risk to the  capital markets.

14 February
2006 renewals
Swiss Re continued to improve the qual-
ity of its non-life reinsurance portfolio 
 during the 2006 renewals. The volume 
of business written grew to CHF 9.3 bil-
lion, while the focus on technical profi-
tability achieved approximately 7% eco-
nomic profit improvement.

27 February
Extraordinary General Meeting
Shareholders approved Swiss Re’s crea-
tion of additional capital related to the 
 financing of the GE Insurance Solutions 
acquisition and for general corporate 
 purposes. In addition, John R. Coomber 
and Dennis D. Dammerman were elected 
to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors.

2 March
Swiss Re‘s 2005 results
Swiss Re reported net income of CHF 
1.5 billion for 2005. In a year of record 
natural catastrophe events, the underlying 
business performed well, including an 
 excellent return on investments of 5.7% 
(all figures based on Swiss GAAP).

11 April
2005 embedded value
Swiss Re reported an 18% increase to 
CHF 20.1 billion in embedded value of its 
life and health business. Operating profit 
from existing business grew 38% to 
CHF 1.5 billion. Returns on new business 
increased to 13.1% for total value added 
of CHF 283 million in 2005.

21 April
Annual General Meeting
At Swiss Re’s 142nd Annual General 
Meeting, shareholders approved the in-
crease in dividend to CHF 2.50 per share. 
Peter Forstmoser, Chairman of the Board 
of Directors, Walter B. Kielholz, Executive 
Vice Chairman, and Robert A. Scott were 
re-elected to the Board.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  5

Profile Key events

4 May
Swiss Re places USD 2.0 billion 
 equivalent of hybrid securities
Swiss Re successfully placed USD 2.0 bil-
lion equivalent of hybrid securities. The
innovative transaction was awarded 
“Deal of the Month“ in the June edition 
of Credit Magazine.

10 May
Swiss Re share offering
Swiss Re successfully placed a total of 
13.9 million new shares at CHF 92.25 per 
share on the back of strong shareholder 
and investor take-up. The proceeds were 
used to fund part of the GE Insurance 
Solutions acquisition.

18 May
Swiss Re opens new Asian training 
centre in Hong Kong
Swiss Re officially opened its new training 
centre, on the occasion of the Group‘s 
50th year in Asia-Pacific. The centre pro-
vides state-of-the-art courses for insur-
ance and reinsurance professionals from 
throughout the region.

7 June
Natural catastrophe protection through 
the Successor programme
Swiss Re obtained USD 950 million pro-
tection against North Atlantic Hurricane, 
Europe Windstorm, California Earthquake 
and Japan Earthquake through Successor, 
the follow-up catastrophe bonds to the 
PIONEER and Arbor programmes.

9 June
Swiss Re completes acquisition 
of GE Insurance Solutions
Swiss Re completed the acquisition of 
GE Insurance Solutions from General 
Electric (GE). The acquisition created 
the world’s largest and most diversified 
global reinsurer, adding further momen-
tum to Swiss Re’s earnings growth.

6  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

2007
4 January
CO2 reduction programme
As part of its commitment to the Clinton 
Global Initiative, Swiss Re launched 
a worldwide programme to support meas-
ures taken by employees to reduce their 
personal CO2 emissions.

16 January
Extreme mortality risk protection 
through Vita Capital programme
Swiss Re transferred USD 705 million of 
extreme mortality risk to the capital mar-
kets through its Vita Capital securitisation 
programme. Part of the issuance replaced 
cover provided by Swiss Re’s first Vita
issuance, which expired at the end of 
2006, with the balance providing ad-
ditional protection against extreme
mortality risks.

13 February
2007 renewals
Swiss Re successfully grew its non-life 
 reinsurance portfolio by CHF 1.3 billion or 
14%, reflecting successful renewals of 
business acquired through the acquisition 
of GE Insurance Solutions combined with 
a continued focus on underwriting quality.

22 February
Sale of 30 St Mary Axe
Swiss Re completed the sale of its London 
office building, 30 St Mary Axe, to an
affiliate of the real-estate corporation
IVG Immobilien AG for GBP 600 million. 
Swiss Re remains a principal tenant of
30 St Mary Axe.

29 June
Swiss Re completes sale of Fox-Pitt, 
Kelton
Swiss Re completed the sale of its wholly-
owned subsidiary Fox-Pitt, Kelton (FPK) 
to a new company formed by J. C. Flowers  
& Co. LLC and FPK management. Swiss Re 
retained an interest in the new company 
through convertible preferred shares.

4 August
Interim results 2006
Swiss Re reported successful first half 
2006 results with net income of CHF 
1.6 billion, up 16% compared to a strong 
first half of 2005, or CHF 4.92 per share. 
 Annualised return on equity was 13.9% 
and shareholders’ equity increased 
18% to CHF 27.1 billion (all figures based 
on Swiss GAAP).

11 December
Swiss Re to acquire 26% stake in TTK 
Healthcare Services in India
Swiss Re signed an agreement with 
TTK Group and India Value Funds Advisors 
to purchase a 26% stake in TTK Health-
care Services Pvt Ltd, one of India’s lead-
ing health insurance third-party adminis-
trators.

14 December
Acquisition of GE Life UK business
Swiss Re completed the acquisition 
in the UK of the GE Life business of 
 General Electric (GE). The cash purchase 
price of GBP 465 million included GBP 
260 million for statutory net assets. The 
trans action provides further scale and 
 infrastructure for Swiss Re’s Admin ReSM 
 business in the UK and is the largest 
 Admin ReSM deal to date.

Profile

Swiss Re at a glance

Our mission

We enable the risk-taking that is essential to
enterprise and progress.

Who we are

What we do

How we do it

Swiss Re aspires to be the leading force 
in the reinsurance industry by combining 
expertise and financial strength with 
a committed client focus to deliver sus-
tainable economic profit growth.

Founded in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1863, 
Swiss Re is the world’s leading and most 
diversified reinsurer. It operates in more 
than 25 countries and provides its exper-
tise and services to clients throughout 
the world. The Group’s position as pre-
ferred partner in the risk transfer industry 
is based on value propositions that com-
prise risk expertise, global reach, scale, 
 diversification, very strong capitalisation 
and resilience over the long term.

Swiss Re’s core values include active 
 engagement with stakeholders, excel-
lence through operational efficiency, 
 sustainability in its economic, environmen-
tal and social performance, as well as in-
tegrity through its commitment to trans-
parency and ethical principles.

The Group is fully committed to sound 
 corporate governance. Its organisation 
and structure, as well as its risk and capital 
management assurance functions are 
 defined by a governance framework that 
supports the Group’s success, and pro-
tects the interests of shareholders and 
 other stakeholders.

Reinsurance is an indispensable part of 
the insurance system, providing an impor-
tant contribution to economic growth 
and society. Insurers, corporate clients and 
the public sector benefit from risk transfer 
and capital relief, as well as from the 
 product development and risk expertise 
that Swiss Re provides. Through its global 
reach, the Group diversifies risk portfolios, 
allowing risks to be covered more effi-
ciently and securely. Ultimately, policy-
holders benefit from enlarged and more 
sustainable protection.

Swiss Re offers a wide variety of reinsur-
ance products and financial services 
 solutions, enabling insurers, corporations, 
the public sector and other partners to 
manage capital and risk challenges. This 
generates economic benefits for clients 
and creates value for Swiss Re’s share-
holders.

The Group’s reinsurance products and 
 related services for property and casualty 
as well as for life and health business are 
complemented by insurance-based corpo-
rate finance and risk management solu-
tions. Swiss Re is a pioneer and leader in 
insurance securitisation, transferring natu-
ral catastrophe, mortality and other insur-
ance risks to the capital markets to free 
up capital and to provide a new source of 
capacity for the industry.

Swiss Re’s success is founded on exper-
tise, sound risk management, and dia-
logue with clients and other stakeholders.

The Group works closely with clients to 
design solutions that keep them ahead 
of the field and solve the issues they face 
in their business. Swiss Re is committed 
to developing and implementing best 
practice standards, and engages closely 
with industry bodies, regulators and 
 governments, striving for progress that 
benefits the industry as a whole.

Swiss Re uses risk and capital manage-
ment to ensure prudent risk taking and 
corresponding capitalisation. Based on 
an integrated risk model, Swiss Re’s 
 experts identify, assess and control the 
Group’s exposures, enabling an efficient 
allocation of capital and providing the 
 basis for Swiss Re’s financial strength. 
The Group actively manages compliance 
risks and ensures full adherence to the 
laws and regulations of all the countries 
in which it does business.

Swiss Re’s market-leading position is 
based on accumulated expertise and 
 continuing research. The Group antici-
pates and analyses risks affecting busi-
ness,  society, the economy and the 
 environment. Ultimately, the Group’s 
 success  depends on the skills and com-
mitment of its employees. Swiss Re pro-
vides an  exciting and modern working 
 environment that attracts outstanding 
 individuals, promotes talent and inspires 
excellence at all levels.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  7

 
Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Global diversification
Operating regions and office locations

Americas

Barbados
Bermuda
Brazil
Canada
Colombia
Mexico
United States

8  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Europe (including Middle East and Africa)

Asia

Australia
China
Hong Kong
India
Japan 
Korea
Malaysia
Singapore
Taiwan

Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland 
United Kingdom

Key facts

Diversification lies at the core of Swiss Re’s value proposition. Spreading risks across
geographical regions and lines of business increases the number of mutually independ-
ent risks, and ensures a more efficient use of capital. Swiss Re is the largest and most 
 diversified global reinsurer, with more than 90 offices in over 25 countries, allowing for 
a wide spread of insurance risks, revenues and investments.

Revenues by business1

43% Life & Health

Net premiums earned by region1

5% Financial Services

52% Property & Casualty

9% Asia

47% Americas

44% Europe
(including Middle East and Africa)

Net premiums earned by product line1

34% Life and health

3% Credit

11% Specialty

¹  As of 31 December 2006

3% Admin ReSM

21% Property

15% Liability

7% Motor

4% Accident

2% Non-traditional

Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  9

 
 
 
Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Group structure

(from left)

Walter B. Kielholz
Executive Vice Chairman

Peter Forstmoser
Chairman

Jacques Aigrain 
Chief Executive Officer

10  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Board of Directors

Chairman
Executive Vice Chairman
Members of the Board of Directors

Executive Committee and Executive Board

Chief Executive Officer
Members of the Executive Committee
Members of the Executive Board

Corporate functions

Risk Management
Risk Management
Corporate Actuarial
Sustainability & Emerging

Risk Management

Business functions

Client Markets
Europe 
Americas Property & Casualty
Americas Life & Health and

Global Admin ReSM 

Asia
Globals & Large Risks

Finance
Capital Management
Corporate Finance & Treasury
Tax
Investor Relations
Planning, Accounting

& Reporting

Operations
Global Information Technology
Communications

& Human Resources

Group Legal
Global Technical Accounting

& Services

Group Logistics

Products
Property & Specialty
Casualty
Life & Health
Claims & Liability Management

Financial Services
Asset Management
Credit Solutions
Capital Management and

Advisory

Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Swiss Re’s structure is closely aligned with its 
business focus on profitable growth, the efficient 
use of capital and bringing the Group closer to
clients.

Corporate functions

Swiss Re’s corporate functions deliver efficient shared services to support the business 
functions. The corporate functions manage Swiss Re’s common resources including:
capital, the risk portfolio, brand reputation, information technology, human resources, 
as well as knowledge and skills.

Various corporate functions fulfil obligations to regulatory authorities and other stakehold-
ers, and ensure the protection of the Group by establishing the corporate governance 
rules and processes under which Swiss Re operates.

Client Markets

Products

Financial Services

The Client Markets business function is 
Swiss Re’s interface to clients, delivering 
optimal client services and expanding 
 client relationships in all lines of business 
worldwide. Its key activities are geared 
 towards identifying market trends, under-
standing client needs, and offering prod-
ucts and services to meet those needs.

The Products business function is the driv-
ing force behind underwriting excellence, 
product development and claims manage-
ment at Swiss Re. It actively promotes 
 innovation and the development of new,
superior risk transfer solutions to meet 
the increasingly complex requirements of 
 clients.

Building on long-standing, close relation-
ships, Client Markets offers global reach, 
local knowledge and proven expertise 
to solve the capital and risk management 
challenges facing clients.

The key mandates of Products include 
managing the insurance cycle to optimise 
long-term profit levels, and implementing 
client-focused claims management stand-
ards in all markets and lines of business. 

The Financial Services business function 
brings together Swiss Re’s capital man-
agement expertise and risk-taking capa-
bilities to manage the Group’s own invest-
ment assets, and create reinsurance and 
capital markets solutions for the Group 
as well as for clients.

Financial Services provides sophisticated 
risk management, capital management 
and structured investment solutions by 
 integrating the Group’s reinsurance and 
capital markets capabilities. The business 
function assists Swiss Re and clients in 
better managing their capital at risk and, 
where appropriate, transferring business 
into the capital markets through securiti-
sation. It also provides proprietary and 
third-party asset management.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  11

Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Executive Committee

Roger W. Ferguson
Head of Financial Services

Stefan Lippe
Head of Products

Ann F. Godbehere
Chief Financial Officer
until 28 February 2007

Jacques Aigrain
Chief Executive Officer

Michel M. Liès
Head of Client Markets

Andreas Beerli
Chief Operating Officer

Christian Mumenthaler
Chief Risk Officer

12  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Profile Swiss Re at a glance

Executive Board

Client Markets 

Products 

Financial Services 

Corporate functions

Michel M. Liès*
Head of Client Markets

Stefan Lippe*
Head of Products

Roger W. Ferguson*
Head of Financial Services

Andreas Beerli*
Chief Operating Officer

Martin Albers
Europe

Brian Gray
Property & Specialty

Philip A. Lotz
Capital Management and Advisory

Agostino Galvagni
Globals & Large Risks

Jonathan Isherwood
Claims & Liability Management

Benjamin Meuli
Asset Management

Christian Mumenthaler*
Chief Risk Officer

Ann F. Godbehere*
Chief Financial Officer
until 28 February 2007

George Quinn*
Chief Financial Officer
as of 1 March 2007

Pierre L. Ozendo
Americas Property & Casualty

Alberto Izaga
Life & Health

Markus Diethelm
Group Legal

Martyn Parker
Asia

Martin Oesterreicher
Casualty

Charlotte A. Gubler
Communications & Human  Resources

W. Weldon Wilson
Americas Life & Health and
Global Admin ReSM

Yury Zaytsev
Global Information Technology

* Member of the Executive Committee

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  13

Profile

Strategic direction

Swiss Re’s strategic direction supports a disciplined 
approach to delivering best in class customer service 
and attractive shareholder returns.

143 years of experience and a deep understanding of risk and capital markets allow 
Swiss Re not just to respond to change, but to actively plot its course toward sustained 
leadership in the risk transfer industry. The Group’s strategic direction has four key 
 objectives to deliver enhanced sustainable returns for shareholders: generating eco-
nomic profit growth, reducing earnings volatility, enlarging market scope and advancing 
organisational excellence.

Swiss Re’s strategic direction

Building blocks 

Generate economic profit growth

Reduce earnings volatility

Enlarge market scope

Foundation of success

Advance organisational excellence

Deliverables

Best in class
customer
service

Attractive
shareholder
returns

Generate economic profit growth
Swiss Re is committed to providing economic profit growth for its shareholders, and 
therefore allocates capital and other resources by assessing each business opportunity 
in both risk-adjusted and cost-adjusted terms.

Economic profit growth also requires disciplined management of the insurance cycle. 
Swiss Re’s scale and diversification combine with the Group’s sound underwriting princi-
ples to mitigate the risks of the cycle. This focus on economic profit secures the quality 
of the Group’s earnings and makes Swiss Re a strong, dependable partner for clients.

Reduce earnings volatility
As the world’s leading reinsurer, Swiss Re underwrites significant exposures. In addition 
to its scale and diversification, the Group applies a wide range of tools to reduce earnings 
volatility. Swiss Re employs hedging instruments to manage financial market risks,

14  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

USD 10 billion

Swiss Re is leading the growth of insurance-
linked securities (ILS) and driving the conver-
gence of the capital and insurance markets. 
Swiss Re has underwritten over USD 10 billion 
since the inception of the ILS market in 1997, 
both for the Group as well as for clients.

Profile Strategic direction 

limiting downside exposure while capturing attractive risk-adjusted returns on assets. 
Swiss Re also uses its capital market expertise to manage volatility in structuring and 
 underwriting the Group’s business: it remains the leader in insurance-linked securities 
(ILS), having underwritten over USD 10 billion since the inception of the market in 1997, 
both for the Group as well as for clients. 

Sound risk management practices and a disciplined reserving philosophy support 
 profitable underwriting. At the same time, a Group-level approach to volatility manage-
ment lets the individual business units focus on delivering attractive solutions to clients 
and capturing growth opportunities. By addressing potential sources of volatility on 
both sides of the balance sheet, Swiss Re aims to deliver sustainable earnings to share-
holders.

Enlarge market scope
The changing risk landscape creates opportunities for Swiss Re, as a risk specialist, 
by providing opportunities to extend its presence into new markets and to develop inno-
vative products for existing markets.

As a client-driven company, Swiss Re focuses both on deepening relationships with 
 existing customers as well as on attracting new ones. The Group is actively pursuing 
 opportunities for growth, for example by increasing its penetration in selected engineer-
ing markets and diversifying its client base for credit solutions. Swiss Re is also exploring 
new markets in life and health by developing variable annuity and longevity products in 
close cooperation with clients. Geographically, Swiss Re continues to build on its leading 
position in Asia, most recently through expansion of its services and reinsurance capabil-
ities in India and China. Further, skills and resources the Group has  developed, such 
as risk models, asset management and ILS, have significant commercial value for clients, 
bringing additional opportunities for growth through cross-selling.

While Swiss Re primarily engages in organic market building, the Group also turns to 
transactional activity when its criteria of strategic fit and value creation are met. The 
 integration of the most recent acquisition, GE Insurance Solutions, is already delivering 
substantial synergies.

Advance organisational excellence
The Group’s long-term success depends critically on its ability to attract and retain the 
best people, fostering a working culture that embraces both efficiency and effectiveness. 
Clients and shareholders benefit from the innovation and responsiveness of Swiss Re’s 
results-oriented approach, which applies global capabilities through cross-functional 
teams.

Efficiency and excellent client service depend, in turn, on getting the fundamentals 
of the business right: effective risk control and disciplined underwriting. To that end, 
Swiss Re has separated responsibility for client service, underwriting, reserving and 
 reporting,  allowing market-leading transparency and best in class service, as well 
as  attractive, sustainable returns for shareholders.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  15

Profile

Knowledge and expertise

Swiss Re employees combine expertise, creativity 
and sound judgement to deliver world-class 
solutions for clients.

Combining expertise and creativity
Expertise only becomes effective once it 
is shared, turning abstract knowledge into 
concrete benefits for others. Understand-
ing clients is the key to delivering  effective 
services. Swiss Re’s Group-wide network 
of experts has the creative resources to 
develop new solutions and open up new 
markets. This innovative thinking goes 
 beyond product design to encompass risk 
management, investment, client service 
and technology; in all areas, the Group 
seeks the most efficient way to connect 
its skills with each client’s specific needs.

Developing a best in class workforce
Only the best people can deliver the best 
from Swiss Re’s experience, capital and 
technology. The Group continuously de-
velops its workforce, striving to attract and 

retain the leading talent in the industry. 
It provides advanced technical and profes-
sional training to all levels of the organi-
sation, combining insight from internal, 
 industry and academic experts.

Engagement for performance
Skills are only one part of Swiss Re’s cul-
ture; understanding and dedication are 
what mobilises those skills. The Group 
 emphasises and supports employee en-
gagement with its strategic direction and 
key objectives: it is of the utmost impor-
tance that all employees understand the 
Group’s global course and see clearly how 
their own work contributes to fulfilling 
Swiss Re’s mission and aspiration. This 
shared understanding gives each unit 
of Swiss Re a mandate to seek the local 
 solution that best supports global per-
formance.

Swiss Re Academy
In October 2006, Swiss Re unified its global staff and client training under a single 
provider. The new Swiss Re Academy combines the 40-year experience of the 
Swiss Insurance Training Centre (SITC), one of the world’s leading insurance training 
centres, with the acclaimed Insurance Leadership Institute, integrated as part of the 
GE  Insurance Solutions acquisition. The Academy provides an efficient platform for 
 sharing best practice internally and with clients, promoting effective knowledge trans-
fer within the Group and the insurance industry.

Three regional training hubs – in Zurich, Hong Kong and Kansas City – support 
Swiss Re’s clear client focus. The opening of the new Hong Kong training centre was 
a landmark event in 2006, marking Swiss Re’s 50th year of operation in Asia-Pacific 
and demonstrating the Group’s commitment to business growth in the region. Further 
initiatives to bring training closer to clients include the “On Wings” programme of 
 customised, on-site courses, as well as new web-based seminars known as “webi-
nars.” These courses are open to both employees and clients.

16  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Leading in thought, leading by actions
Swiss Re is a knowledge-based company 
and welcomes opportunities to contri-
bute to advancing industry expertise, 
whether through client events, research 
colla boration with universities and eco-
nomic research facilities, expert publica-
tions, the Swiss Re Centre for Global 
 Dialogue or the Swiss Re Academy.

In particular, Swiss Re has established 
close relationships with leading educa-
tional institutions, such as the Swiss 
Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in 
 Zurich, Beijing Normal University and 
Rice University in Houston, to gain exter-
nal  perspectives on trends impacting 
the insurance industry.

In 2006, the Centre for Global Dialogue 
in Rüschlikon, Switzerland, hosted over 
450 events with more than 11 500 partic-
ipants assessing insurance industry 
 challenges such as the adverse effects of 

developments in  liability regimes, oppor-
tunities and risks of nanotechnology or 
trends in global energy markets. The Cen-
tre also established an external Advisory 
Panel comprised of distinguished scien-
tists, politicians and business leaders, 
to explore emerging issues and provide 
 strategic insights on issues of relevance 
to Swiss Re and the global risk industry. 
Also, the Swiss Re Academy provided 
70 insurance courses to 1 300 participants 
from Swiss Re clients in 2006 and inau-
gurated its training centre in Hong Kong.

Swiss Re experts published several in-
depth studies on emerging risks and 
 industry issues, including such topics as 
the effects of pervasive computing on 
the  insurance industry or the impact of 
 climate change on European storm dam-
age. The long-running sigma series ad-
dressed, among other issues, the opportu-
nities in the securitisation market, the 
 potential  implications of the Solvency II 

Client Markets Forums
In 2006, Swiss Re held a series of Client Markets Forums in New York, Kansas City, 
Shanghai and Rüschlikon, providing a platform for sharing knowledge, developing 
 solutions and enhancing contact between clients and Swiss Re. A wide range of 
 topics were discussed, including insurance-linked securities, the integrated Prop-
erty & Casualty and Life & Health sales model, and structured insurance and reinsur-
ance solutions. The forums were part of a major Client Markets initiative, to focus 
Swiss Re’s products and financial expertise more closely on client needs and build 
a global sales community.

The events were highly interactive, with multidisciplinary breakout groups to discuss 
high potential client relationships and improved organisational effectiveness. The 
 active involvement of Swiss Re clients in the panel discussions and workshops provid-
ed important insights that were subsequently combined with Swiss Re’s own market 
and product innovation expertise.

After each forum, Swiss Re integrated the feedback collected from clients to identify 
opportunities for new solutions and improved business methods. This approach 
has already yielded tangible results in the form of strengthened client relationships 
and additional, solutions-driven business.

Profile Knowledge and expertise

 regime in Europe and the consolida-
tion trend in the life insurance market. 
Swiss Re’s publications as well as com-
prehensive information on insurance 
 industry topics are available on its web-
site: www.swissre.com.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  17

Profile Knowledge and expertise

Issue management at Swiss Re

Swiss Re’s business opportunities derive from the world’s changing risk landscape. 
 Identifying emerging issues and industry trends, and sharing Swiss Re’s knowledge are 
essential to the Group’s success. In 2006, the Issue Management Council  recognised 
Swiss Re with the W. Howard Chase Award for excellence in issue management. The 
award honoured the Group for leadership on strategic topics that affect both business 
performance and stakeholder satisfaction. The table below lists a selection of Swiss Re’s 
Top Topics, with the Group’s related activities.

Climate change

Insurance-linked securities

Industry relevance



Swiss Re’s actions
and solutions





















Insurance-linked securities 
(ILS) are an effective risk 
management tool to in-
crease capacity and trans-
fer peak and volume insur-
ance risks to the capital 
markets
ILS helps reduce capital 
 requirements and increase 
capital efficiency; it reduc-
es earnings volatility and, 
in the case of life insurance, 
can monetise intangibles

Swiss Re has been a pio-
neer in developing the 
ILS market, having under-
written over USD 10 billion 
of risks for itself and third 
parties
Swiss Re is a leading struc-
turer and underwriter of 
bonds for clients, and was 
the number one underwrit-
er for natural  catastrophe 
bonds in 2006

Scientists and economists 
believe that climate change 
will have a severe impact 
on society and the global 
economy
Climate change represents 
an opportunity as well as 
a risk for the insurance in-
dustry and capital markets 
alike
Climate change has be-
come an important ele-
ment in many companies’ 
long-term risk manage-
ment strategies
Swiss Re has been raising 
awareness about climate 
change for more than ten 
years
Swiss Re factors climate 
change risks in its risk 
selection, pricing and 
capacity deployment
Swiss Re has developed in-
novative solutions related 
to climate change, such as 
risk securitisation and 
weather derivatives
Swiss Re is committed to 
becoming greenhouse 
neutral by 2013

18  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Profile Knowledge and expertise

Nanotechnology

Natural catastrophes

Solvency II

Terrorism









Nanotechnology is expect-
ed to generate a range of 
new products and applica-
tions in many industry 
 sectors
The impact of nanotechnol-
ogy on humans and the 
 environment is unclear due 
to a lack of long-term statis-
tics and standardised test-
ing methods

Swiss Re has dedicated 
 resources to assess the 
 potential risks of nanotech-
nology and promote the 
development of tailored 
risk management principles
Swiss Re supports regula-
tory efforts to prevent in-
creased exposure and 
ensure a balanced public 
dialogue on possible risks











The insurance industry is 
experiencing higher claims, 
largely due to broader in-
surance cover and growing 
value concentrations
A viable market for catas-
trophe risk depends on 
 ensuring adequate pricing 
models and exposure data 
as a basic requirement for 
a sound risk management

As a leading reinsurer, 
Swiss Re diversifies the 
year-on-year variability 
inherent in natural 
catastrophe business
Swiss Re continuously 
 refines its modelling tools 
to reflect changes in risk 
assessment
Swiss Re offers clients tai-
lor-made solutions for their 
catastrophe risk portfolios











Solvency II is an ambitious 
EU regulatory project to 
 improve solvency rules
The new regulation is likely 
to have a significant impact 
on the industry by redefin-
ing capital requirements
Solvency requirements 
must recognise the global 
nature of reinsurance, par-
ticularly diversification 
 effects, and ensure optimal 
capital efficiency

Swiss Re supports the in-
troduction of Solvency II: 
risk-based solvency re-
gimes will improve risk 
management practices, as 
well as encourage econom-
ic valuation and the use of 
robust internal models
Swiss Re works with regu-
lators and clients to help 
implement appropriate 
capital models, and pro-
mote the recognition of 
 reinsurance and diversifica-
tion benefits in solvency 
requirements 









Terrorism risk is privately 
 insurable to the extent that 
it can be assessed, control-
led and adequately priced
Long-term market solutions 
require a risk partnership 
between insureds, insurers, 
reinsurers, capital markets 
and governments; the 
 challenge is to find the 
most efficient way to 
achieve such public/private 
partnerships

Swiss Re supports existing 
market solutions and en-
courages the development 
of efficient and fairly-priced 
products to meet society’s 
need for terrorism cover
As the US Terrorism Risk 
 Insurance Act expires at the 
end of 2007, Swiss Re 
 continues to work with the 
industry and the US gov-
ernment to find a perma-
nent solution based on risk 
partnership

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  19

Profile

Corporate responsibility

Continued business success depends on responsible 
value creation. In 2006, Swiss Re maintained its 
commitment to applying sustainability principles
to its business activities and playing an active role
in society. The launch of new products addressing 
environmental and social challenges was one of
the highlights of the year.

Swiss Re is committed to its overarching 
corporate responsibility, which aims to 
create sustainable value for its sharehold-
ers and contribute to a responsible socie-
ty, while providing full accountability 
to all its stakeholders. The Group-wide 
framework for meeting this responsibility 
comprises the three pillars of corporate 
governance, corporate sustainability and 
corporate citizenship. The following sec-
tion covers Swiss Re’s key initiatives in 
corporate sustainability and its corporate 
citizenship programme.

ment and thus directly influence the rein-
surance business as a whole. Swiss Re 
analyses these trends continuously and 
 responds to them in its operations and risk 
management, as well as in solutions for 
clients.

Climate change
Swiss Re was one of the first companies 
in the financial sector to recognise the 
 serious implications of climate change 
and has made it a central topic in its sus-
tainability efforts.

Corporate sustainability
Environmental and social trends affect the 
world’s sustainable economic develop-

After the record losses from hurricanes 
Katrina, Rita and Wilma in 2005, the 
2006 hurricane season was relatively 

Clinton Global Initiative
In 2005, former US President Bill Clinton and the William J. Clinton Foundation 
launched the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) to address four of the world’s most urgent 
problems: climate change and energy, poverty, public health, and ethnic or religious 
conflicts. The CGI brings together the world’s leading minds and problem solvers in 
a shared commitment to concrete actions; Swiss Re was invited to take part because 
of its expertise on climate change. Represented by CEO Jacques Aigrain at the 2006 
CGI Annual Meeting, Swiss Re attracted particular attention for its “COYou2 Reduce 
and Gain” programme, a unique initiative that offers all Swiss Re employees financial 
incentives to support private investment in emissions-reducing technologies (such 
as hybrid cars, photovoltaic solar panels and solar heat collectors), as well as for 
 voluntary activities. The aim is to raise climate change awareness among Swiss Re 
employees and highlight the contribution they can make as individuals.

20  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 benign. In Swiss Re’s opinion, however, 
this stemmed from specific seasonal 
weather patterns rather than from any 
 reversal of underlying long-term trends 
in natural and man-made climate change. 
The Group continues to address these 
trends through its four-pronged strategy 
of:





deepening its understanding of the risk;
developing new risk transfer products;
reducing its own CO2 emissions;
engaging in international risk dialogue.

Swiss Re supports selected research 
projects at scientific institutions. A study 
by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technolo-
gy in Zurich (ETH) combining scientists’ 
climate projections with Swiss Re’s event 
models revealed that European winter 
storm losses are likely to rise in the long 
term, especially those from less frequent 
but more severe events. These results 
were made public and have been incorpo-
rated into Swiss Re’s windstorm pricing 
and Group risk models.

New products can help mitigate the finan-
cial consequences of climate change and 
facilitate efforts to tackle it. Swiss Re has 
been a leader in the marketing of weather 
derivatives – in developed and emerging 
markets – as well as a pioneer in insur-
ance-linked securities. In 2006, the Group 
closed the first deal for another innovative 

product, designed to cover key risks of 
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 
projects. The CDM is a market-based 
mechanism introduced under the Kyoto 
Protocol that allows emitters in industrial-
ised countries to gain Certified Emission 
Reductions (CERs) for investments in 
emission-cutting projects in developing 
countries. Swiss Re’s product provides 
protection against a failure or delay in the 
approval, certification or issuance of CERs.

In an effort to reduce its own carbon foot-
print, Swiss Re pledged in 2003 to be-
come greenhouse neutral within ten years, 
cutting its own CO2 emissions by 15% and 
offsetting the remainder. In 2006, the 
number of Group locations using renewa-
ble energy continued to grow and by the 
end of the year included London, Munich, 
Paris, Rome, Sydney (all 100%), Zurich 
(66.6%), Armonk (30%) and Amstelveen 
(20%). This has helped to cut power-relat-
ed CO2 emissions by 22.3% from 2003 
levels. Emissions from business travel fell 
slightly in 2006, but were still higher than 
in 2003.

The Group’s long-standing commitment 
and expertise has made Swiss Re an influ-
ential voice in the international debate on 
climate change. Members of the Group’s 
senior management were asked to join in 
several major events in 2006, including 

CO₂ emissions per employee, Swiss Re Group

2003

2006

Power

Heating

Business travel

Total

kg/employee
3 491

Share in % kg/employee
2 713

53.3

Share in %
43.9

750

2 307

6 548

11.5

35.2

100.0

804

2 660

6 177

13.0

43.1

100.0

Change from
base year
2003 in %
–22.3

7.2

15.3

–5.7

Following the integration of Insurance Solutions, the data for the base year 2003 had to be recalculated 
to provide a consistent benchmark. All the data has been verified by PricewaterhouseCoopers, who will 
publish an Assurance Report as part of Swiss Re’s full 2006 Corporate Responsibility Report.

Profile Corporate responsibility

discussions between Governor of Califor-
nia Arnold Schwarzenegger and British 
Prime Minister Tony Blair, which led to the 
establishment of a Global Warming Pact 
focussing on renewable energy and emis-
sions markets, and a panel discussion with 
British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett 
on climate security. Furthermore, at the 
Annual Meeting of the Clinton Global Initi-
ative, Swiss Re presented a unique initia-
tive aimed at assisting its employees in 
cutting CO2 emissions in their private lives.

Solutions for emerging markets
Insurance is a vital precondition for eco-
nomic development, as it provides a relia-
ble mechanism for individuals and compa-
nies to assume risks. The development of 
the insurance industry in emerging eco-
nomies faces significant challenges, such 
as low income levels, insufficient market 
information and regulatory restrictions. 
Swiss Re sees great promise in public-pri-
vate partnerships involving governments, 
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) 
and multilateral institutions such as the 
World Bank. In 2006, the Group devel-
oped a parametric earthquake insurance 
solution for the Mexican government that 
provides an indemnity in the event of an 
earthquake exceeding a specified intensi-
ty. Part of this insured risk was placed in 
the capital markets through a catastrophe 
bond.

Asset management
Swiss Re incorporates its sustainability 
 expertise into its asset management activ-
ities. The Sustainability Portfolio invests in 
companies, funds and projects dedicated 
to addressing and profiting from new ap-
proaches to climate change, the low car-
bon economy, water quality and scarcity, 
and resource efficiency. In 2006, the 
 portfolio’s value continued to grow sub-
stantially, to a total of CHF 376 million of 
investments and commitments.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  21

 
Profile Corporate responsibility

Emerging risk management
A reinsurer must remain constantly aware 
of emerging risks – developing or chang-
ing risks that are difficult to quantify, but 
may have a major impact on the business. 
Swiss Re has extended its Systematic 
 Observation of Notions Associated with 
Risks (SONAR) system into a Group-wide 
Emerging Risk Management framework 
with clearly defined responsibilities to 
 detect and assess such risks as well as 
to identify new threat scenarios from 
 unexpected correlations. Swiss Re is also 
a driving force in the Chief Risk Officer 
(CRO) Forum Emerging Risk Initiative, 
which published its first CRO briefing in 
2006, on climate change and tropical 
cyclones.

22  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Corporate citizenship
Swiss Re addresses environmental and 
social issues that are of relevance to socie-
ty as a whole and the Group’s business 
through its “Sharing Solutions” pro-
gramme. Extending risk management ex-
pertise and financial aid to selected part-
ners, the Group supports sustainability, 
humanitarian and community initiatives.

Sustainability initiatives
Swiss Re once again conferred its Re-
Source Award for Sustainable Watershed 
Management, originally launched five 
years ago. The main award went to a 
project in the Philippines compensating 
local people for environmental activities 
in upstream areas that help to preserve 
a sustainable water supply for communi-
ties further downstream. The Group also 
continued its support for a project promot-
ing ecological sanitation techniques 
around Puzhehei Lake in Yunnan province, 
China, a previous award winner with sig-
nificant long-term potential. Swiss Re’s 
contribution will help extend sanitation 
measures to more private households, 
as well as to large-scale animal husbandry 
and wastewater treatment.

Humanitarian initiatives
Recent experience shows the importance 
of systematic efforts in preventing natural 
catastrophes from turning into humani-
tarian disasters. Swiss Re is committed to 
making a tangible contribution towards 
this goal. It has recently entered into two 

long-term partnerships with leading or-
ganisations in the field. As one of seven 
selected private sector members of the 
 International Committee of the Red Cross 
(ICRC) Corporate Support Group, whose 
first annual meeting was hosted by 
Swiss Re, the Group supports the training 
and development of ICRC employees and 
external staff for emergency situations. 
A partnership with Caritas Switzerland 
 focuses on building earthquake-proof 
schools in Pakistan; Swiss Re also sup-
ported the publication of an easy-to-use 
handbook on earthquake resistant 
construction.

Community initiatives
Swiss Re supports local institutions and 
employee-initiated charity projects in 
the communities in which it operates. 
The Group gained a number of new busi-
ness locations through the acquisition 
of GE  Insurance Solutions and continues 
to sponsor local community-building 
 efforts in these locations. In Kansas City, 
the former headquarters of GE Insurance 
Solutions, more than 130 employees 
took part in the annual “Community Day”, 
 assisting two local charities with construc-
tion and renovation work. Continuing an 
established tradition, employees also 
 collected a significant amount of money 
for a charity funding the health and  human 
services safety net in the community. In 
line with its Group-wide policy, Swiss Re 
complemented the amount with a sub-
stantial contri bution.

Driving performance

Driving performance – The CEO’s view

Jacques Aigrain describes how Swiss Re drives 
performance – contributing to clients’ success, 
enabling global economic growth, and leveraging 
its expertise and long-standing history to identify 
future trends and market opportunities.

What developments do you see affecting the performance and value proposition 
of the reinsurance industry?
There are many developments, and they all point in the same direction: for a leading 
 reinsurer, the key performance factors continue to be global reach, deep market knowl-
edge, risk diversification and financial strength over the long term.

Despite a benign hurricane season in 2006, we are seeing increased risks fuelled by 
weather and demographic trends; these demand not just experience, but sophisticated, 
forward-looking assessment. The liability business equally requires a long-term focus: 
a genuine, shared commitment with clients, backed by adequate pricing and sound con-
tract terms. The continued low interest rate environment, combined with greater trans-
parency in pricing and reserving, have sharpened the focus of the industry on underwrit-
ing profitability; at the same time, clients and shareholders both benefit from increased 
pricing certainty. Finally, our competitive landscape is marked by increased convergence 
of banking, reinsurance and other capital market businesses, demanding strong addi-
tional skills from leading players.

A reinsurer offers a strong value proposition when it efficiently provides a full range of 
risk-related solutions. Traditional reinsurance remains our core business; however, our 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  23

Driving performance The CEO’s view

“Our scale, diversifica-
tion and expertise are 
a unique advantage in 
enhancing earnings 
quality and stability.”

24  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 industry requires a more holistic approach to client needs: not just meeting the increased 
demand for coverage, but providing pro-active solutions to changing needs.

Further, recent events have revealed shortcomings in the way both markets and govern-
ments address certain risks, such as terrorism and mega-catastrophes. Some solutions 
will involve state and private sector partnership, secured, where necessary, with addi-
tional capacity from the capital markets.

The best prepared reinsurance companies will be those that are strongly capitalised, 
have an innovative product offering, and have organisationally adapted to the new  reality.

How does the regulatory framework affect industry performance?
We secure risk by providing capital. We can do this efficiently only if the regulatory 
framework allows it: regulators, rating agencies and accounting standards need to use 
the same economic and risk-based view of a reinsurer’s financial strength. We have 
seen encouraging progress in this area, particularly in Europe with the positive steps 
 taken  under the Solvency II project.

Harmonisation of regulatory oversight and mutual recognition of regulatory bodies make 
markets more efficient. Improved capital efficiency benefits consumers and economies 
by providing accelerated risk transfer with increased capacity at lower intrinsic cost. That 
is why Swiss Re is committed to working with regulators to improve risk management 
practices and establish a comprehensive regulatory framework consistent with the glo-
bal realities of today’s reinsurance business.

How does your strategic direction drive Swiss Re’s performance?
With the strategic direction introduced last year, we are committing ourselves to 
gen erating economic profit growth, reducing earnings volatility, enlarging our market 
scope and advancing our organisational excellence. Each has a vital role in keeping 
us “best in class” over the long term, building upon the knowledge and commitment 
of our  employees to provide top quality client service and attractive shareholder returns.

Generating economic profit growth demands a focus on quality of earnings. Our scale, 
diversification and expertise in financial markets provide Swiss Re with a unique advan-
tage in enhancing earnings quality and stability. For instance, the Successor programme 
for natural catastrophe risks, which we completed in 2006, demonstrated our in-house 
capability to transfer peak risks to the capital markets, reducing potential earnings 
 volatility and freeing capital to support further economic profit growth in other areas.

We are actively seeking to enlarge our market scope by developing innovative products 
and identifying new clients and opportunities – again, aiming to make best use of our 
unique strength and industry knowledge developed over the past 143 years. A recent 
transaction with the Mexican government shows how financial strength and expertise 
opens the way to new markets. Such hybrid transactions, merging traditional products 
with securitisation, provide governments with an effective new tool for mitigating poten-
tial  catastrophe losses. We envisage that other governments will likely seek to follow 
Mexico’s example.

Driving performance The CEO’s view

Advancing organisational excellence is key to our success. Efficient processes and 
 advanced technology create a smoother-running organisation and improve speed and 
responsiveness to client services. Delivering our employees’ talents efficiently: that, 
 ultimately, is what drives Swiss Re’s performance.

What is Swiss Re doing to make itself a stronger company and remain the leader?
The acquisition last year of GE Insurance Solutions strengthened Swiss Re’s position as 
the leading reinsurer. We expanded our skills and product offerings, established greater 
market presence around the world and hence achieved wider diversification.

“By serving clients 
well, we build the 
foundation of our own 
success.”

At the same time, we are transforming ourselves from being a sole risk taker to a sophis-
ticated risk and capital manager. This opens up new areas of opportunity, but also 
 requires new efforts to capture these fully. The transactions highlighted in this year’s 
Annual Report show the successful cross-fertilisation of our products, the entrepreneurial 
spirit and client focus of our teams, and the speed and efficiency of delivery that these 
new opportunities demand. By serving clients well, we build the foundation of our own 
success.

We want to remain the leading reinsurer over the long term. More than anything, that 
 depends on the commitment and passion of our people. To maintain a top position, 
we must continue to attract, retain and develop the best talents in the industry: people 
who will use all the resources available at Swiss Re to create innovative solutions 
and  deliver outstanding service.

How will Swiss Re develop in a longer term?
Our clients’ risks are our risks. To be their first choice reinsurer, we must know deeply, 
not just their needs, but the wider developments of industry, economy and society. 
Our  continuously developing expertise and skills will support a comprehensive range 
of risk management and risk transfer services.

We want to build on our high quality client service solutions, such as the Norwich Union 
life transaction illustrated in this Annual Report. We want to develop promising new 
 markets, as in our recent move into the health business in India through our partnership 
with TTK Healthcare Services. We were instrumental in the development of the insur-
ance-linked securities market and we expect to create more life securitisations and catas-
trophe bonds like our own programmes going forward.

Overall, we will build upon our leadership: actively addressing the needs of our clients, 
seizing attractive opportunities and further developing capital market solutions. Our 
Group combines a strong reinsurance base with a wide scope of risk-related solutions. 
Together, these can make Swiss Re a pre-eminent firm, able to provide high quality 
 services for our clients, superior returns for our shareholders and an attractive workplace 
for the most talented people in financial services.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  25

Driving performance

Performance for Swiss Re 
Swiss Re completed the largest-ever 
catastrophe bond, using its new 
Successor facility to secure USD 950 
million of cover across four peak risks.

The record hurricane losses in 2005 dra-
matically changed the insurance and rein-
surance markets. The industry faced rising 
premiums and a significant con traction 
in capacity at the same time as model 
 adjustments and changes in rating agency 
methodologies were tightening capital 
 requirements. Insurers and reinsurers 
turned to the  capital markets to fill the 

Swiss Re’s Successor programme provides 
the Group with a powerful risk management 
tool and source of capacity. This innovative 
transaction is based on the combined global 
expertise of Swiss Re’s traditional reinsurance 
and capital markets teams. The structure 
opens continuous access to the capital mar-
kets by offering four peak perils (US wind, 
 European wind, California earthquake and 
 Japan earthquake) across a wide range of 
risk layers, with different trigger options. This 
flexibility also makes the package attractive 
to a broad spectrum of institutional investors, 
thus lowering the overall cost of protection.

Representing the next generation of catas-
trophe bond programmes for Swiss Re, 
 Successor not only provides the Group with 
protection against higher-layer capital events, 
but also is an important driver in Swiss Re’s 
strategy to reduce earnings volatility.

“The successful placement is an important 
milestone in Swiss Re’s strategy to change 
the business model by transferring risks into 
the capital markets rather than holding them 
on the balance sheet.” Dan Ozizmir, Head 
of Insurance-linked Securities, Capital Man-
agement and Advisory, Swiss Re

26  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Driving performance Performance for Swiss Re

gap, as these have come to represent 
an important new source of capacity.

Swiss Re has long been a market leader 
in insurance-linked securitisation, both as 
a sponsor for its own needs ( accessing the 
capital markets for retrocession capacity) 
and as an arranger (structuring and plac-
ing insurance-linked securities for clients).

The Successor programme completed
in June 2006 enabled Swiss Re to gain 
access to significant capital in a period
of tight capacity and allowed the Group 
to actively manage its potential earnings 
volatility. 

Members of Swiss Re’s capital markets and 
 reinsurance teams planning the Successor 
 transaction. New York team on screen (from left): 
Claudine  Delavy, Markus Schmutz and Stefano 
Sola  (Capital Management and Advisory). 
Zurich team (from left): Martin Bertogg, Martin 
Bisping and David Bresch (Property & Specialty).

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  27

Driving performance

Performance for our clients 
A Swiss Re reinsurance solution 
 enabled Norwich Union to improve 
capital efficiency and increase its rate 
of return on in-force life business.

Life insurance is a long-term business: 
the profits for a portfolio of in-force risks 
typically take many years to emerge. As 
elsewhere in finance, future profits have 
a present value; but, for some classes 
of insurance business, this value is not 
 always recognised by regulators. This 
 prevents life insurers from gaining regula-
tory relief, therefore tying up their capital.

28  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Driving performance Performance for our clients

Norwich Union is part of Aviva, the world’s 
fifth-largest insurance group and the biggest 
insurer in the UK. Aviva is one of the leading 
providers of life and pensions products in 
 Europe, and has substantial businesses else-
where around the world. As a fast-growing 
company, Aviva has a particular need for 
 efficient capital management.

In late 2005, Norwich Union approached 
Swiss Re’s Structured Life Reinsurance Solu-
tions team to discuss its 2006 capital plans. 
Drawing on Swiss Re’s broad range of capital 
solutions, the two parties created a structure 
that met Norwich Union’s requirements for 
flexibility, cost-effectiveness and, importantly, 
speedy execution: the arrangement was fully 
implemented just two months after the first 
meeting.

“Swiss Re provided Norwich Union with 
 capital in a cost effective and flexible manner, 
ensuring that our regulatory solvency posi-
tion was maintained at the optimal level. 
Swiss Re‘s expert understanding of the me-
chanics of the UK life sector facilitated an effi-
cient and timely delivery of the transaction.” 
Howard Kew, Director of Capital Manage-
ment,  Norwich Union

Capital restrictions can impair a life insur-
er’s capacity to expand its business, so 
Swiss Re offers capital management solu-
tions to life insurance clients, such as 
 Norwich Union, that unlock future profits. 
This provides clients with immediate 
 capital relief by reducing the amount of 
regulatory capital they must hold. Under 
a reinsurance financing treaty, a life insur-

er can pledge future profits to Swiss Re, 
in return for reinsurance capacity that 
transfers risk from the insurer to the rein-
surer and satisfies the criteria for regula-
tory capital. For an appropriate fee, the 
 reinsurer is liable to pay claims if profits 
are below a specified threshold.

Swiss Re works closely with clients to deliver
efficient and innovative solutions. 
Howard Kew, Director of Capital Management 
(Norwich  Union), after a meeting at Swiss Re’s 
office in London.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  29

Driving performance

Performance for partnerships 
Swiss Re assisted Mexico in becoming 
the first country to access the reinsur-
ance and capital markets for parametric 
catastrophe protection.

Located in one of the world’s most seismi-
cally active regions, Mexico faces signifi-
cant challenges in managing the human 
and economic costs of catastrophic 
events. Following the devastating Mexico 
City earthquake in 1985, the govern-
ment sought to establish a more focused 
disaster risk management. This led to the 
creation of the Natural Disaster Fund 

The catastrophe bond and parametric reinsur-
ance programme designed by Swiss Re and 
the FONDEN working group provides the 
Mexican government with a significant source 
of alternative insurance capacity that meets 
their unique requirements. By issuing a catas-
trophe bond, Mexico benefits from multi-year, 
collateralised cover at a fixed price.

Swiss Re’s reinsurance expertise and leading 
position in the insurance-linked securities 
 sector made it the ideal partner to lead the 
structuring and bond placement. The transac-
tion was a global effort involving teams in 
New York, Mexico, Barbados and Zurich.

“The CAT-Mex transaction provides an alter-
native that allows access to the capital mar-
kets, and a new source of capacity for the 
 Natural Disaster Fund. The Ministry of Finance 
of Mexico, in conjunction with Swiss Re‘s 
 expertise in insurance-linked securities, shows 
that it is possible to conceive  public-private 
partnerships and develop innovative transac-
tions like the Mexican transaction.” Victor 
Cardenas Santiago, Deputy Director of Catas-
trophe Risk, Ministry of Finance and Public 
Credit of Mexico

30  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Driving performance Performance for partnerships

(FONDEN), a federal trust for disaster ex-
penses. One of FONDEN’s key strategies 
is to use its funding in the most cost-effec-
tive way by acquiring insurance.

In June 2006, Swiss Re structured and 
placed a transaction that provided 
FONDEN with USD 450 million of cover-
age through an innovative combination 

of a catastrophe bond issuance by CAT-
Mex Ltd. and a reinsurance placement.

The transaction shows how Swiss Re’s 
global expertise and local market knowl-
edge can open up new public-private 
partnerships and help governments 
 finance rebuilding work in the event of 
a natural disaster.

The legal and budgetary groundwork 
as well as the project management for 
Mexico’s first catastrophe bond were 
 coordinated by the inter-agency group 
that  manages FONDEN, including the 
Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, 
the Interior Ministry, and the trustee for 
FONDEN, Banco Nacional de Obras 
y Servicios  Públicos.

Mexican government and Swiss Re representa-
tives meeting in Mexico City: (from left) Victor 
Cardenas Santiago, Deputy Director of Catastro-
phe Risk, and Jose Antonio Gonzalez Anaya, 
 Head of the Unit of Coordination with States 
(both from the Ministry of Finance and Public 
Credit of Mexico), Jay Green (Swiss Re, Capital 
Management and Advisory) and Richard 
 Schneider (Swiss Re, Americas).

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  31

Driving performance

Performance for the future 
A partnership between Swiss Re and 
TTK Healthcare Services offers best-
practice solutions for the fast growing 
medical insurance market in India.

India is going through a period of rapid 
economic development and social 
change, in which health is a growing con-
cern. However, state-funded health provi-
sion remains very limited; most medical 
expenses are paid directly by patients and 
their families, with 85% of the population 
having no form of health insurance.

32  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Driving performance Performance for the future

In December 2006, Swiss Re set up a part-
nership with TTK Healthcare Services Pvt Ltd, 
one of India’s leading health insurance third-
party administrators. The joint venture will 
 offer insurance companies a full range of serv-
ices, delivered via an extensive network of 
hospitals across India. Effective administra-
tion, medical claims handling and risk man-
agement support, as well as close contact 
with healthcare providers will enable local 
 insurers to improve their profitability, allowing 
them to concentrate on growth, distribution 
and bringing new products to market to meet 
rising consumer demand.

The Indian market will benefit from Swiss Re’s 
global and long-standing experience. 
Swiss Re offers a wide range of innovative 
products, access to international best prac-
tice, proven approaches to risk management 
and, importantly, a seamless administration 
service for medical insurance clients.

“The strategic partnership between Swiss Re 
and TTK heralds a new era for the Indian in-
surance industry. Swiss Re has a strong repu-
tation for trust, innovation, financial strength 
and global best practices. Combined with the 
local expertise and efficient operations of-
fered by TTK, this positions the new partner-
ship to play an important role in the develop-
ment of the health insurance market in India.” 
Sandeep Bakhshi, MD & CEO, ICICI Lombard 
General Insurance Co. Ltd, Mumbai, India

In response to this clear need, the Indian 
medical insurance market has been grow-
ing by 30% annually for the last four years 
and is expected to continue to expand 
 significantly. However, in order to reach 
its full potential, the medical insurance in-
dustry needs to overcome several chal-
lenges, including the poor profitability of 
group medical business, incomplete medi-

cal provider networks, inconsistent dis-
ease classification and a fragmented 
 approach to product development, risk 
 management and pricing.

Swiss Re’s entry into the market, through 
an agreement with TTK Group and the 
 related partnership with TTK Healthcare 
Services Pvt Ltd, will support the insur-

Financial district of Mumbai, India. Rapid 
 economic development in India is fuelling 
 demand for health insurance. 

ance industry in addressing a number of 
these issues. Swiss Re’s expertise in every 
link of the medical insurance value chain 
will enable Indian insurers to develop 
a sustainable and profitable book of health 
business.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  33

Financial year

Economic environment and industry trends

2006 was a good year for the global insurance
industry, with solid underwriting results, a below- 
average burden from catastrophic events, and 
a stable macro-economic and financial environment.

Solid economic growth, yields 
moderately up, strong stock market 
performance, dollar devaluing
The global economy continued to see
solid growth in 2006, at an average rate 
of around 5%. The broad-based expansion
finally reached Western Europe, fuelling 
growth rates of 2.5% to 3%. Despite a 
slowdown in the second half of 2006, the 
US still achieved an average annual rate 

above 3% and Japan continued its robust 
expansion in excess of 2%. Emerging mar-
kets grew by more than 7% – the 10.7% 
growth of the Chinese economy signifi-
cantly contributed to global expansion,
although it also sparked shortages and 
price increases in many commodity 
 markets. Oil prices, which had been 
 perceived as the most important threat 
to the global business cycle, peaked 

Stock markets 2002–2006

180

December 2001  = 100 

Source: Datastream

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

  United States (S & P 500)    United Kingdom (FTSE 100)    DJ Euro STOXX 50
  Japan (TOPIX) 

  Switzerland (SMI)

Ten-year interest rates

in % 

Source: Datastream

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

  United States    United Kingdom    Eurozone
  Switzerland
  Japan 

34  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial year Economic environment and industry trends

at close to USD 75 per barrel but eased 
to USD 61 by the end of the year, avoiding 
a negative impact on worldwide growth.

Interest rates rose moderately throughout 
2006: by the end of the year, they were 
between 30 and 60 basis points higher 
than 12 months earlier. Inflation and credit 
spreads between government and corpo-
rate bonds remained stable in 2006 at low 
levels. Stocks developed well, with most of 
the largest markets posting double-digit 
growth rates for the year.

In 2006, the US currency resumed its
devaluation against the major European 
currencies (EUR –10%, CHF –7%, 
GBP –12%).

Property and casualty insurance:
good underwriting results led
to stronger balance sheets
The most notable development in the 
property and casualty industry was the 
low level of catastrophe events. Property 
insurers fared well in 2006 with only 
three events in the billion-dollar range 
and total insured catastrophe claims of 
USD 15.9 billion. This was mainly due to 
the quiet hurricane season in the US and 
surrounding areas, as well as the absence 
of large catastrophes in Europe.

However, the foundation for the excellent 
2006 results was clearly laid by the un-
derlying underwriting profitability, and 
most of the primary insurers published an-
other year of positive underwriting results. 
In the US, an industry-wide combined ra-
tio of below 95% was achieved, compared 
to 101% in 2005, and preliminary infor-
mation suggests similarly good results in 
major European markets. Reinsurers, who 
are comparably more exposed to large 
events, enjoyed a quiet year and outper-
formed the primary sector.

Economic Research & Consulting and sigma
Swiss Re has a team of 20 economists based in Zurich, New York and Hong Kong 
that constitute the Group’s centre of competence for the economic analysis of risk 
transfer and risk financing solutions, global business cycles, and financial markets. 
The sigma studies, a recognised source of market information for more than thirty 
years and the team’s flagship publication series, analyse market trends in the insur-
ance and financial services industries.

The recent sigma study on “Securitisation: new opportunities for insurers and inves-
tors” discusses how insurance-linked securities (ILS) offer insurers a financing vehicle 
and a means of transferring risks to the capital markets. ILS increase industry capacity, 
improve insurers’ return on equity, and reduce the volatility of earnings. Structuring 
costs for such securities are coming down as the market grows rapidly. The total
volume of ILS outstanding has grown three-fold over the last five years and is close to 
USD 23 billion. Of this, two-thirds or USD 15 billion are life bonds, with the remaining 
USD 8 billion covering non-life risks.

For fixed-income investors, ILS provide an attractive rate of return that is not corre-
lated with other bonds, so their addition offers diversification benefits that improve 
the portfolio’s performance while lowering its risk. Catastrophe bonds yield a higher 
return than corporate bonds with the same rating, yet show less year-over-year 
 volatility. The investor base for catastrophe bonds has been expanding to include 
 dedicated catastrophe funds, hedge funds and traditional money managers, in addi-
tion to insurance and reinsurance companies.

All sigma studies can be downloaded electronically or ordered as a print copy from 
Swiss Re’s homepage at www.swissre.com in English, German, French, Spanish,
Italian, Japanese and Chinese.

Insured losses 1970–2006

120

USD billions, at 2006 prices 

Source: Swiss Re

90

60

30

0

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

  Natural catastrophes    Man-made catastrophes

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  35

Financial year Economic environment and industry trends

Outlook
Primary insurance premium volumes 
in industrialised countries are expected 
to grow in line with the long-term rise 
in GDP (between 3% and 4% per year). 
The demand for risk transfer will con-
tinue to increase, although premium 
rates are showing signs of softening 
from their current high point in the 
 cycle. Premium increases in emerging 
markets should outpace overall eco-
nomic growth. Underwriting results for 
non-life insurance will remain strong 
in most segments through 2007. 
 Global life reinsurance premiums are 
declining, in particular due to lower 
cession rates in the US and UK, where-
as other markets are expected to grow 
in line with primary market growth.

Due to the sustained underwriting disci-
pline of recent years, the quality of current 
non-life profits is far superior to those seen 
in the second half of the 1990s, when ex-
cellent results were driven by a booming 
stock market rather than sound technical 
pricing.

Although improvements in general eco-
nomic activity triggered a rise in insurance 
demand, stable or declining primary 
rates in most lines of business meant that 
premium growth was sluggish for insurers, 
while reinsurers also experienced low 
growth as clients increased their retention 
of business, reflecting improved financial 
health.

Life insurance: back on the road 
of expansion
Life insurance continued to expand in 
2006, with positive premium growth in 
all major regions. First estimates indicate 
that markets in the developed world grew 
between 5% and 10%, with a global aver-
age of around 7%. However, average 
growth has not regained the high levels 
seen in the late 1990s.

New business sales in the largest markets 
show a mixed picture for 2006. Growth 
rates reached double digits in the UK 
and Germany, and were close to ten per-
cent in the US –however, in Spain, Italy 
and Japan, development was slow or even 
negative. Annuity and pension business 
achieved particularly high growth rates, as 
private customers are increasingly aware 
of their old age protection gap. Term sales 
were sluggish in the US and UK, but strong 
in Southern Europe, where mortgage-re-
lated products profited from the continuing 
buoyancy of the housing market.

Premium income growth in life and health 
reinsurance developed only moderately
in 2006. The main reasons for this were 
lower cession rates in the US, with a shift 
from quota share to excess of loss covers, 
as well as the increased use of alternative 
solutions (such as securitisation) due to 
higher reinsurance prices and slowing 
term sales in the US and UK.

Due to the ongoing restructuring of the 
primary life industry, the market for the 
management of closed blocks of business 
grew in 2006, particularly in the UK.

36  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial year

Group results

Strong underlying performance across all
businesses, combined with low catastrophe
losses and a solid investment performance,
produced net income of CHF 4.6 billion and
excellent earnings per share of CHF 13.49.

Swiss Re reported net income of CHF 
4.6 billion in 2006, representing a 98% 
increase compared to the previous 
year. Earnings per share rose by 81% to 
CHF 13.49.

Based on average exchange rates for 2006 
and 2005, the Swiss franc remained rela-
tively stable against the US dollar (+0.9%), 
the Euro (+1.5%) and the British pound 
(+1.8%).

Premiums earned increased by 10% to 
CHF 29.5 billion.

The Property & Casualty business main-
tained its strict underwriting discipline 
and reported premiums earned of
CHF 17.4 billion, up 7% from 2005. This 
increase was largely due to the acquisition 
of GE Insurance Solutions, which was
partially offset by reductions due to higher 
client retentions and lower demand for 
non-traditional products.

Premiums and fee income in the Life 
& Health business increased by 13% to
CHF 11.9 billion, reflecting the acquisition 
of GE Insurance Solutions as well as new 
business written.

Premiums for the Credit Solutions unit of 
the Financial Services business grew by 
21% to CHF 1.1 billion, reflecting success-
ful renewals in 2006.

Net investment income was CHF 7.0 
billion, a 14% increase over the previous 
year. This rise was due to increasing 
yields on fixed income securities, overall 
portfolio growth from strong operating 
cash flows and the GE Insurance Solutions 
port folio.

Net realised investment gains were 
CHF 1.9 billion. This represents a decrease 
of 44%. In 2005, realised gains on fixed 
income securities were higher due 
to sales of USD 1 billion of mostly BBB-
 rated corporate bonds in North America. 
2005 also included a large unrealised 
gain due to currency remeasurement.

Trading revenues increased by 89% to 
CHF 654 million, reflecting growth in
Financial Services fee business, particular-
ly in Capital Management and Advisory.

Other revenues were CHF 280 million, 
a decrease of 1%. 

Claims and claim adjustment expenses 
decreased by 20% to CHF 11.8 billion,
reflecting excellent claims experience
during the year. The increase in life and 
health benefits by 11% to CHF 9.6 billion 
reflects both the inclusion of GE Insurance 
Solutions and growth in the business.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  37

Financial year Group results

Interest credited to policyholders de-
creased by 6% to CHF 2.8 billion.

Acquisition costs increased by 3% to 
CHF 6.1 billion. The acquisition cost ratio 
was 20.6% in 2006 compared to 22.0% 
in 2005, partly due to the purchase 
GAAP adjustment eliminating the historic 
deferred acquisition cost of GE Insurance 
 Solutions, resulting in less amortisation 
in the year.

Other operating costs and expenses were 
CHF 4.1 billion in 2006, an increase of 
33% over 2005. This rise was mainly due 
to the inclusion of GE Insurance Solutions, 
increased variable compensation reflect-
ing the much higher business performance 
in 2006, restructuring costs and financing 
expenses. Overall, the cost ratio was 10.2% 
in 2006 compared with 8.1% in 2005.

The tax expense in 2006 was CHF 1.3 
billion. This represents an effective tax rate 
of 22%, compared to 10% in the prior 
year. In 2005, the tax rate was impacted 
by currency exchange remeasurement 
gains in pre-tax income, and by deferred 
and current tax expense, including chang-
es in valuation allowances and the tax 
treatment of goodwill and inter-company 
dividends.

38  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Income reconciliation

CHF millions
Operating income
Property & Casualty business
Life & Health business
Financial Services business
Total operating income
Corporate Centre expenses
Items excluded from the segments:
  Net investment income
  Net realised investment gains/losses 

  Foreign exchange gains/losses

  Financing costs

  Restructuring costs

  Other income /expenses

Net income before tax

2005

2006

Change in %

830
1 645
379
2 854
–386

64
–4

462 

–326

–18 

–87

2 559

5 016
1 682
460
7 158
–324

82 
–297

–55 

–520 

–117 

–71

5 856

>250
2
21
151
–16

28 
>250

–112 

60 

>250 

–18

129

Net cash flows from operating activities 
decreased by 21% to CHF 1.5 billion, re-
flecting in part the increased claim pay-
ments related to large natural catastrophe 
events which occurred in the third and 
fourth quarters of 2005.

Shareholders’ equity rose by 27% to 
CHF 30.9 billion. The increase was princi-
pally due to excellent earnings over the 
year and the equity raised during the year 
in conjunction with the financing of the 
GE Insurance Solutions acquisition.

Return on equity increased to 16.3% from 
10.3% in 2005, reflecting strong earnings 
in 2006.

Income reconciliation
The above table reconciles the income 
from Swiss Re’s segments and the opera-
tions of its Corporate Centre with the 
Group consolidated net income before tax.
Net realised gains or losses on certain
financial instruments, certain currency
exchange gains and losses and other
income and expenses – such as indirect 
taxes, capital taxes and interest charges – 
have been excluded in the assessment
of each segment’s performance.

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial year

Investments

Swiss Re continued to deliver strong investment 
performance with a return on investments of 5.3%.

Asset management strategy
Swiss Re’s investment strategy has two 
goals: meeting the Group’s insurance obli-
gations and achieving an attractive risk-
adjusted return. Insurance obligations
are generally matched using fixed income 
securities, where currency, duration and 
credit exposure are managed to address 
the various liability profiles. Funds not 
needed to support insurance obligations 
are managed to generate a positive abso-
lute risk-adjusted return through a variety 
of investment vehicles. Swiss Re meas-
ures and monitors investment risk in com-
parison with a notional minimum risk port-
folio representing the liability profile of 
the business. 

All data relating to the investments ac-
quired with GE Insurance Solutions has 
been successfully migrated to Swiss Re’s 
platform, thus ensuring fully integrated
risk management.

Investment result
The investment result for assets held for 
linked liabilities relates to separate ac-
count business and other contracts where 
the Group invests the contract holder’s 
funds, as directed by the contract holder. 
All investment performance is passed 
through to the contract holder and does 
not belong to Swiss Re. Therefore, the 
following comments on the investment 
performance and the investment portfolio 
exclude assets held for linked liabilities.

Investment performance
Swiss Re delivered a strong investment
result in 2006 as higher fixed income 
yields offset a lower net realised 
investment gains.

Overall, the return on investments was 
5.3%, compared with 6.3% in 2005 
which benefited from a large currency 
exchange remeasurement gain.

The investment portfolio grew by 30% 
over the year, from CHF 125.0 billion to 
CHF 162.7 billion, including CHF 29.8 bil-
lion from the acquisition of GE Insurance 

Solutions in June 2006 and CHF 12.2 
billion from the Admin ReSM acquisition of 
GE Life UK business in December 2006. 
At the end of 2006, Swiss Re’s overall 
gross asset allocation was 8% in equity 
securities, 79% in fixed income, 2% in real 
estate, 8% in cash and cash equivalents, 
and 3% in other assets.

Fixed income
Swiss Re successfully captured market 
movements by actively managing the 
 duration of the portfolio as bond yields 
rose over the course of 2006 in the major 
bond markets. The Group also liquidated 

Investment results

CHF millions
Net investment income

Fixed income

Equities

Other asset classes

Investment expenses
Interest paid on cedent deposits

Assets held for linked liabilities

Net realised investment gains

Fixed income

Equities

Other asset classes

Assets held for linked liabilities

Currency exchange remeasurement and 

designated trading portfolios1

Total

Total excluding assets held 

for linked liabilities

Return on investments (in %)2

2005
6 137

4 603

164

1 224
–292 
–313 

751

3 474

481

566

135

1 396 

896

9 611

7 464

6.3

2006
6 990

5 582

249

1 462
–373 

–600 

670

1 948

144

850

–322

1 319 

–43

8 938

6 949

5.3

Change in %
14

21

52

19
28 

92 

–11

–44

–70

50

<–250

–6 

–105

–7

–7

¹ 

² 

 Designated trading portfolios are foreign currency denominated trading fixed income securities, which 
back certain foreign currency denominated liabilities.
 At average currency exchange rates; excluding result from assets held for linked liabilities

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  39

 
Financial year Investments

the large municipal bond portfolio ac-
quired with GE Insurance Solutions.
The average running yield on Swiss Re’s 
portfolio increased from 4.6% in 2005
to 4.8% in 2006.

Credit spreads ended the year little 
changed despite market adjustments in 
May and June, when equity markets 
weakened and volatility rose. Swiss Re 
maintained a sizeable credit position 
 during 2006 – largely in the US dollar life 
and health portfolio. The GE Insurance 
 Solutions and the GE Life UK acquisitions 
added CHF 6.5 billion and CHF 6.6 billion 
of corporate bonds to the portfolio respec-
tively, increasing the Group’s total gross 
exposure from CHF 21.0 billion at the end 
of 2005 to CHF 33.3 billion at the end
of 2006. In addition to sales, mostly in
acquired portfolios, the Group purchased 
credit default swaps on investment grade 
indices with the majority of the protection 
acquired in the A and BBB ratings. The
net effect of the hedges was to reduce 
Swiss Re’s stress test exposure to widen-
ing credit spreads to CHF 1.2 billion on 
 average in 2006. 

Swiss Re’s fixed income portfolio rose
to CHF 129.3 billion in 2006 from
CHF 104.0 billion in 2005, including
CHF 23.9 billion related to GE Insurance 
Solutions and CHF 8.0 billion to GE Life 
UK business. The portfolio increase was 
partly offset by a shift to equities, as
well as by the weakening US dollar com-
pared to the Swiss franc. Net investment 
income on the fixed income portfolio grew 
by 21% to CHF 5.6 billion. Net realised 
gains on fixed income securities were
CHF 144 million in 2006, compared to 
CHF 481 million in 2005 which benefited 
from a sizeable sale of BBB-rated corpo-
rate bonds.

Net unrealised gains of CHF 2.2 billion at 
the end of 2005 decreased to CHF 1 bil-
lion at the end of 2006. However, as a 

40  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Allocation of investments as of 31 December 2006
Total CHF 162.7 billion¹

8% Equities

3% Other

8% Cash and cash
equivalents

2% Real estate

79% Fixed income

Investments by currency as of 31 December 2006

Total CHF 162.7 billion¹

4% CAD

6% Other

17% GBP

17% EUR

¹  Excluding assets held for linked liabilities of CHF 23.3 billion

2% CHF

54% USD

major portion of the fixed income portfolio 
was matched by duration to the insurance 
liabilities, the market movements had little 
economic impact.

Equities 
After a strong performance during the first 
four months of 2006, equity markets cor-
rected in May and June before resuming 
their upward trend for the rest of the year. 
Swiss Re successfully protected its earn-
ings during this period by using equity de-
rivative instruments. During the second 
half of 2006, Swiss Re increased its gross 
exposure from CHF 8.4 billion at the end 
of 2005 to CHF 13.2 billion at the end
of 2006, to take advantage of rising stock 
prices.

While Swiss Re continued to favour Euro-
pean equities during 2006, it tactically 
lowered its exposure to Asian equities and 
increased its appetite for US equities, es-
pecially in financial, technology and health 
care stocks. Listed real estate also per-
formed very well.

Net realised investment gains on publicly 
traded equities increased to CHF 850 mil-
lion from CHF 566 million in 2005 and 
net unrealised gains on the balance sheet 
were CHF 2.0 billion at the end of 2006, 
compared to CHF 1.1 billion at the end 
of 2005.

The net effect of equity hedges was to 
reduce Swiss Re’s stress test exposure 
(based on a 30% fall in traded equity 
markets with a simultaneous increase in 

 
Financial year Investments

volatility) to CHF 1.2  billion on average 
in 2006. 

Other
Other includes the costs (net realised 
losses) of CHF 396 million for the deriva-
tives used to hedge the equity and corpo-
rate bond portfolios against potential large 
declines in equity markets or widening of 
spreads. In addition, costs (net realised 
losses) of CHF 182 million were increased 
for various reinsurance derivatives, reflect-
ing the lower level of natural catastrophes 
in 2006. Aggregate costs on derivatives 
were more than offset by the performance 
of the underlying portfolios in 2006.

In September 2006, Horizon 21 and 
Swiss Re combined their private equity 
fund of funds businesses. The Group con-
tributed CHF 3.1 billion of assets to the 
partnership. Swiss Re also became a stra-
tegic shareholder of Horizon 21 Private 
Equity Holding with a 30% stake.

In February 2007, Swiss Re sold its London 
office building at 30 St Mary Axe. Real-
ised gains from this transaction will be
recorded in 2007 and future years. 

Investment expenses
Investment expenses increased in line 
with the growth in assets under manage-
ment. 

Interest paid on cedant deposits
The increase in interest paid on cedant 
 deposits was mainly due to higher interest 
credited to third parties as a result of the 
full year impact from securitisation trans-
actions undertaken during 2005 and 
fund withheld covers acquired as part of 
GE  Insurance Solutions. 

Asset-liability management at Swiss Re
Asset-liability management (ALM) is an integral part of the way Swiss Re monitors 
and manages financial market risk. It involves splitting Swiss Re’s economic balance 
sheet into two virtual balance sheets: one exposed to insurance risk and the other
 to financial market risk.

The insurance risk balance sheet shows the market-consistent value of insurance 
 liabilities and capital on the liability side and a notional “minimum risk portfolio” on 
the asset side. This notional portfolio represents investments – typically cash and 
fixed income instruments replicating the risk characteristics of future liability cash 
flows – that minimise financial market risk relative to the liabilities.

The market risk balance sheet shows the Group’s actual investments on the asset side 
and the minimum risk portfolio as a liability, which is then used as the basis for setting 
the benchmark for Swiss Re’s Asset Management. Combining both balance sheets 
reproduces the full Group balance sheet.

  Group balance sheet 

Insurance risk 

Market risk

Assets

Liabilities

Minimum 
risk 
portfolio

= 

Liabilities

 Assets

+

Minimum 
risk 
portfolio

Capital

Capital

In particular, the Group monitors the potential impact from interest rate changes on its 
investment and minimum risk portfolios. The interest rate exposure is measured in 
terms of the change in value of interest rate sensitive instruments from an upward 
shift of key interest rates by 1 basis point (price value of 1 basis point). In addition, 
 interest rate risk is assessed by scenario analysis, and quantified in terms of Value at 
Risk (VaR) and Tail VaR (expected shortfall) for various confidence levels and holding 
periods.

The interest rate risk of the Group is managed relative to the minimum risk portfolio. 
As at 31 December 2006, assets and liabilities were closely matched, resulting in 
moderate interest rate risk for the Group.

Asset-liability match of Swiss Re Group as at 31 December 2006

Price value of 1 basis point

1
1
1

2
2
2

3
3
3

5
5
5

10
10
10

20
20
20

30
30
30

Maturity of key interest rates in years

  Investment risk portfolio    Minimum risk portfolio    Net

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  41

 
Financial year

Summary of financial statements

Income statement

CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Trading revenues
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

2005

2006

Change in %

26 891
881
6 137
3 474
346
283
38 012

29 515
879
6 990
1 948
654
280
40 266

10
0
14
–44
89
–1
6

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

–14 758

–11 799

–20

Life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Income before income tax expense

Income tax expense

Net income on ordinary activities

Earnings per share in CHF

Basic

Diluted

Changes in shareholders’ equity

CHF millions
Balance as of 1 January

Net income

Change in unrealised gains on securities, net

Change in foreign currency translation

Dividends

Purchase/sale of treasury shares 

and shares issued under employee plans

Other changes in equity

Balance as of 31 December

–8 668

–3 019

–5 927

–3 081

–9 594

–2 827

–6 079

–4 111

–35 453

–34 410

2 559

–255

2 304

5 856

–1 296

4 560

11

–6

3

33

–3

129

>250

98

7.44

7.14

13.49

12.53

81

75

2005
20 495

2 304

–226

2 272

–497

30

–15

2006
24 393

4 560

322

–1 176

–776

–63

3 624

24 393

30 884

Change in %
19

98

242 

–152 

56

<–250

>250

27

42  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial year Summary of financial statements

Summary balance sheet

CHF millions
Assets
Investments
Fixed income securities
Equity securities
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans
Investment real estate
Short-term investments, at amortised cost which 
approximates fair value
Other invested assets

Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents

Reinsurance assets

Deferrred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

Goodwill

Financial services assets

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits

Provisions for linked liabilities

Unearned premiums

Funds held under reinsurance treaties

Reinsurance balances payable

Income taxes payable

Deferred tax liabilities

Financial services liabilities

Short-term debt

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Long term debt

Total liabilities

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Summary cash flow statement

CHF millions
Cash flow from operating activities

Cash flow from investing activities

Cash flow from financing activities
Reclassification to Financial Services assets

Effect of foreign currency translation

Change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents as of 1 January

Cash and cash equivalents as of 31 December

2005

2006

Change in %

93 801
19 592
7 305
1 729

4 539
3 635

115 749
31 673
7 058
4 227

9 464
4 336

130 601

172 507

8 368

37 872

11 928

3 429

22 361

6 740

13 606

47 636

12 820

4 838

32 352

7 541

221 299

291 300

71 759

31 081

34 115

6 563

10 941

4 673

896

2 838

95 011

44 899

42 834

8 025

10 531

6 832

866

2 685

22 355

32 373

1 015

4 818

5 852

1 917

6 470

7 973

196 906

260 416

24 393

30 884

221 299

291 300

23
62
–3
144

109
19

32

63

26

7

41

45

12

32

32

44

26

22

–4

46

–3

–5

45

89

34

36

32

27

32

2005
1 972

–3 630

–77
 –

422

–1 313
9 681

8 368

2006
1 554

3 044

3 250
–2451

–159

5 238
8 368

13 606

Change in % 
–21 

184 

>250 
>250 

–138 

>250 
–14 

 63 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial year

Property & Casualty business

Operating income increased to CHF 5.0 billion,
reflecting both strong underlying performance 
and the lower level of natural catastrophe events.

Business developments
2006 was a strong year for property, engi-
neering, marine and aviation lines. Eco-
nomic growth and development trends, 
combined with heightened awareness of 
weather-related risk, kept demand and 
prices for natural catastrophe exposures 
at high levels. Combined with below-aver-
age claims frequency and severity, this 
 allowed property insurers and reinsurers 
to achieve strong results. The increased 
demand attracted additional capacity to 
the market, stabilising price levels late in 
the year. Swiss Re continued to manage 
its natural catastrophe exposure using var-
ious hedging instruments to reduce year-
to-year claims volatility.

Airline facultative accounts, many of 
which renew in the fourth quarter, saw 
significant price reductions. Swiss Re 
 responded by reducing its market share 
by 30 percent in this segment. Treaty 
 reinsurance and smaller general aviation 
accounts on the other hand experienced 
only modest reductions, enabling 
Swiss Re to maintain its leading position 
in this highly profitable segment.

Terrorism exposure received continued 
attention. In the US, the Terrorism Risk 
Insurance Act legislation was extended 
while the industry continues to pursue 
a permanent public-private partnership 
solution. In Europe, both France and 
Belgium made legislative enhancements 
to terrorism coverage.

The casualty segment has reached a chal-
lenging point in the business cycle. Price 

competition increased in 2006 and there 
is a noticeable trend towards higher client 
retentions. Rate levels were mostly flat or, 
in some instances, decreased slightly. 
Swiss Re’s strong underwriting discipline 
ensures that it achieves its overall profit 
margins and deploys capital to areas that 
add the most economic value.

Further positive developments in the US 
legal landscape suggest a promising trend 
for the liability environment. Swiss Re wel-
comes these legislative changes and court 
rulings, and continues to carefully monitor 
their effects on the industry to gauge their 
sustainability, especially as some of them 
are translating into premature premium 
 reductions – particularly in workers’ 
compensation.

Despite encouraging steps in the US relat-
ed to compensation for bodily injury 
claims, elsewhere motor third party liabili-
ty claims continue to rise. For example in 
the UK and France courts recently reo-
pened old claims and insurance compa-
nies had to consider late reserving adjust-
ments. Swiss Re is responding to these 
developments by maintaining its strict 
 underwriting discipline, adjusting prices 
and developing new products.

Clients benefited from Swiss Re’s rapid 
integration of Insurance Solutions, which 
established a uniform philosophy and un-
derwriting approach across all lines and 
extended the benefit of Swiss Re’s exper-
tise and capacity to all clients in year-end 
renewals.

44  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Business results
Operating income increased from CHF 
0.8 billion in 2005 to CHF 5.0 billion in 
2006. This improvement reflects three 
factors: strong performance across all 
lines of business, a lower level of natural 
catastrophe claims compared to 2005 
and the contribution from GE Insurance 
Solutions in the second half of the year. 
Underlying portfolio profitability increased 
as a result of attractive rates, as well as the 
tighter terms and conditions introduced in 
previous years. Claims from natural catas-
trophes amounted to CHF 0.7 billion, or 
3.8% of premiums, compared to CHF 3.0 
billion or 17% of premiums in 2005. The 
acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions fur-
ther diversified Swiss Re’s book of busi-
ness, in particular in the US regional prop-
erty and casualty business.

Net investment result increased by 14% to 
CHF 3.6 billion, reflecting higher interest 
rates and overall portfolio growth.

Premiums earned
Premiums earned increased by 7%, in-
cluding the contribution of GE Insurance 
 Solutions in the second half of the year, 
which provided 14% of total premiums. 
Premiums for non-traditional business
fell by 61%, reflecting a general slowdown 
in demand for these covers. Excluding
the impact of GE Insurance Solutions, tra-
ditional volumes were affected by a 7%
decrease in facultative business and a
4% reduction in treaty business. Treaty
renewals during the year were marked by 
Swiss Re’s move to reduce liability busi-
ness as well as by stable volume in prop-
erty. The general shift from proportional to 
non-proportional solutions continued.

Financial year Property & Casualty business

Property & Casualty business results

CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Trading revenues
Fees, commissions and other revenues   
Total revenues

2005

2006

Change in %

16 346
1 988
1 188
27
46
19 595

17 441
2 883
752
4
74
21 154

Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

–14 430

–11 306

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

–3 411

–924

–3 459

–1 373

–18 765

–16 138

7
45
–37
–85
61
8

–22

1

49

–14

Operating income

830

5 016

>250

Thereof: 

Traditional business

Non-traditional business

639

191

4 925

91

>250

–52

Ratios for traditional business

Claims ratio (in %), excluding unwind of discount

Expense ratio (in %)

Combined ratio (in %), 

89.3

24.8

63.3

26.3

excluding unwind of discount

114.1

89.6

Premiums earned 2006 by division

Total CHF 17.4 billion

11% Asia

38% Americas

51% Europe

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial year Property & Casualty business

46  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Combined ratio
Strong underwriting performance im-
proved the combined ratio for traditional 
business from 114.1% in 2005 to 89.6% 
in 2006. This change was also due to the 
absence of exceptional natural catastro-
phe claims experienced in the second half 
of 2005. Liability experience improved 
significantly compared to the previous 
year. Purchase GAAP accounting applied 
on GE Insurance Solutions accounts at 
acquisition requires acquired assets and 
liabilities to be measured at fair value. The 
resulting discount of Property & Casualty 
reserves will unwind over the estimated 
average duration of the reserves. The dis-
count, net of capital cost, increased the 
combined ratio by 0.8 percentage points 
in 2006, which is more than offset by the 
investment returns on the assets backing 
the liabilities.

Expense ratio
The expense ratio rose by 1.5 percentage 
points to 26.3% in 2006. The increase 
was mainly due to a rise in profit sharing 
paid to clients, reflecting the higher profit-
ability of the business.

Lines of business
Swiss Re continues to actively manage
its mix of business, directing capital to 
those lines that generate superior returns. 
All lines of business, except for motor and 
 accident, contributed to the combined 
 ratio improvement, thanks to increased 
rates and the lower level of natural catas-
trophes and other large losses. 

Property

CHF millions 
Premiums earned 

2005

2006 
5 095  6 063

Operating income/loss

–66

2 371

Combined ratio (in %)

111.2

70.7

Combined ratio (in %), 

excluding unwind of discount  111.2

70.1

Premium growth stemmed from all divi-
sions. The increase is mainly due to 
GE Insurance Solutions’ contribution (13% 
of premiums), increased rates at 2006 
renewals and new business written in the 
US. Higher retentions by ceding compa-
nies in Europe partially offset this increase 
in volume. The underwriting result im-
proved in all regions, with a major contri-
bution from the UK property business.

After a heavy year in 2005 for large North 
Atlantic hurricanes, the US benefited from 
a much lighter burden of large natural 
 catastrophe claims in 2006. Strong recent 
premium growth in the US demonstrates 
good cycle management, capturing very 
attractive rates, terms and conditions.

The combined ratio improved from 111.2% 
to 70.1% excluding the unwind of reserve 
discount, reflecting the lower incidence 
and severity of both natural catastrophes 
and man-made claims.

Liability

CHF millions 
Premiums earned 

Operating income/loss

Combined ratio (in %) 

Combined ratio (in %), 

2005

2006 
4 095  4 563

–118

1 144

133.2  107.4

excluding unwind of discount  133.2 105.9

The increase in premiums earned for the 
liability business is principally due to the 
contribution of Insurance Solutions in the 
second half of the year.

Liability experience improved significantly 
compared to 2005, reflected in a 27.3% 
decrease in the combined ratio excluding 
the unwind of reserves discount. Overall, 
liability business achieved an operating 
profit of CHF 1.1 billion reflecting the sub-
stantial investment income earned on the 
assets backing the claims reserves.

Financial year Property & Casualty business

Motor

Specialty lines

2005 

CHF millions 
Premiums earned 
Operating income
Combined ratio (in %) 
Combined ratio (in %), 
excluding unwind of discount  104.3 102.8

2006 
2 070  1 923
352
104.3 103.5

246

Motor pricing remained stable and terms 
and conditions in general were un-
changed. France reported higher claims 
as an upward trend in bodily injury awards 
continued.

Swiss Re maintained disciplined under-
writing to improve the quality of its motor 
book, which led to a 7% decrease of pre-
miums earned. Operating income was 
CHF 352 million compared to CHF 246 
million in the prior year.

Accident

CHF millions 
Premiums earned 

Operating income

Combined ratio (in %) 

Combined ratio (in %), 

2005 
2006 
812  1 057

275

113

95.3  127.9

CHF millions 
Premiums earned 
Operating income
Combined ratio (in %) 
Combined ratio (in %), 
excluding unwind of discount 104.2

2005 

2006 
2 785  3 251
945
83.4

302
104.2 

83.2

Specialty lines improved their perform-
ance significantly, particularly in marine 
as well as positive run-off in aviation and 
space. Excluding the contribution from 
GE Insurance Solutions, premium volume 
remained stable at CHF 2.8 billion.

Marine business benefited from increased 
rates at the 2006 renewals, due mainly to 
the hurricanes in the US during 2005.

Overall, operating income grew substan-
tially to CHF 945 million compared to 
CHF  302 million in the previous year, 
benefiting from the increase in premiums.

Non-traditional

CHF millions
Premiums earned 

2005 
1 489 

191 

2006 
584

91

excluding unwind of discount

95.3 126.6

Operating income 

The combined ratio is not a suitable meas-
ure for some non-traditional treaties, since 
the source of profits typically arises from 
a combination of investment performance 
and underwriting performance. Overall, 
there was a significant reduction in non-
traditional premiums in all lines, mainly 
due to the non-renewal of certain large 
quota share agreements. Profitability de-
creased compared to the previous year, 
 reflecting the lower volume of business. 

Premiums earned grew significantly, by 
30%. Most of the increase stemmed from 
Asia and the Americas. GE Insurance 
 Solutions contributed CHF 249 million 
to premiums earned in 2006, mostly in 
the US.

Reserve strengthening in the US and the 
impact of a large proportional contract 
led to an increase in the combined ratio. 
Swiss Re continues to manage this line 
carefully, including shifting to more short 
tail lines in the US and further reducing 
workers’ compensation business. 

While the underwriting performance was 
low in 2006, the accident line remained 
profitable due to the investment income 
on the claims reserves.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  47

Financial year

Life & Health business

Return on operating revenues rose to 10.0%,
reflecting solid underlying results. Growth was 
achieved through both business expansion as 
well as acquisitions.

Business developments
In the US, premiums grew moderately 
year-on-year despite declining cession 
rates. The underwriting and risk manage-
ment of primary insurers continues to 
 improve. The mortality experience in 
North America for the Life & Health busi-
ness was stable over the year.

The acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions 
significantly expanded Swiss Re’s product 
range and geographic reach, particularly 
in Europe. With more than 98% of GE 
 Insurance Solutions’ life and health busi-
ness retained since completion, the acqui-
sition particularly increased the Group’s 
presence in living benefits lines. Swiss Re 
successfully grew its UK guaranteed criti-
cal illness business, facilitated by GE Insur-
ance Solutions’ position as the leading 
 reinsurer in this field, which further diver-
sified the Group’s book by adding addi-
tional health business.

New business in Asia continued to reflect 
strong profitable growth throughout the 
region and across both life and health 
business lines.

In December 2006, Swiss Re successfully 
completed the acquisition of the GE Life 
UK business, providing further scale and 
infrastructure for Swiss Re’s Admin ReSM 
business in the UK. This acquisition is 
Swiss Re’s largest Admin ReSM deal to 
date, increasing assets acquired by over 
CHF 20 billion.

In January 2007, Swiss Re transferred a 
further USD 705 million (CHF 885 million) 
of extreme mortality risk to the capital 
markets through its Vita Capital securitisa-
tion programme. Interest was strong in 
Swiss Re’s third mortality catastrophe 
bond, enabling peak mortality exposures 
to be managed in a sustainable and capi-
tal-efficient manner. Part of the issuance 
has been used to replace cover provided 
by the first Vita issuance, which expired 
at the end of 2006.

Business results
The operating result, excluding non-
participating realised gains, rose to
CHF 1.5 billion in 2006, an increase of 
14%. The business acquired as part of GE 
Insurance Solutions contributed CHF 66 
million to the operating result for 2006. 
The overall Life & Health return on operat-
ing re venues of 10.0% exceeded the pre-
vious year’s return of 9.6%, reflecting solid 
underlying performance in all lines.

The traditional life operating result de-
creased to CHF 688 million. While 2006 
mortality experience was in line with
expectations, 2005 benefited from favour-
able US mortality experience as well as 
the release of the unused 2004 tsunami 
provision of CHF 52 million. The tradition-
al health result improved by CHF 182 mil-
lion to CHF 394 million, mainly due to
excellent claims experience in 2006. The
Admin ReSM operating result increased by 
15% to CHF 435 million.

48  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Net investment income was CHF 3.9 bil-
lion in 2006, a decrease of 1% compared 
to the previous year. The income generat-
ed by investments acquired as part of 
GE Insurance Solutions was offset by the 
impact of the Admin ReSM securitisations 
(Queensgate and ALPS transactions) as 
well as by lower investment income on 
unit-linked contracts. The Admin ReSM 
 securitisations reduced net investment in-
come by CHF 245 million in 2006, com-
pared to CHF 111 million in 2005, mainly 
due to the first full year impact of the ALPS 
transaction in 2006. Unit-linked contracts 
have no impact on the operating result, 
as the investment result on such contracts 
is passed through to contract holders as 
interest credited to policyholders.

Acquisition costs slightly increased to 
CHF 2.3 billion. The amortisation of the 
present value of future profits (PVFP) was 
reduced by the Admin ReSM securitisa-
tions, which are in the form of retrocession 
arrangements. This reduction was offset 
by the amortisation of the PVFP recog-
nised in the GE Insurance Solutions 
acquisition.

The management expense ratio increased 
to 6.3% in 2006, partly due to increased 
variable compensation costs.

Premiums earned and fee income
Premiums and fees increased by 13% to 
CHF 11.9 billion. GE Insurance Solutions 
contributed CHF 1.0 billion of premiums 
and fees in 2006. The Admin ReSM securi-
tisations reduced premiums and fees by 
CHF 384 million in 2006 (compared to 
a reduction of CHF 181 million in 2005), 
due to the full year impact of the ALPS se-
curitisation. Excluding the effect of the se-
curitisations, underlying premium and fee 
growth was 14%.

Financial year Life & Health business

2005

2006

Change in %

Life & Health business results

CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Total revenues

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses;

life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

9 638
881
4 000
1 799
16 318

10 974
879
3 946
1 521
17 320

–8 668

–3 019

–2 221

–765

–9 594

–2 827

–2 256

–961

Total expenses

–14 673

–15 638

Operating income

1 645

1 682

Operating result, excluding non-

participating net realised investment gains

1 333

1 517

Net investment income – unit-linked

Net realised investment gains – unit-linked

751

1 396

670

1 319

Net realised investment gains 

– non-participating

312

165

Operating revenues1

13 859

15 166

14
0
–1
–15
6

11

–6

2

26

7

2

14

–11

–6

–47

9

Management expense ratio in %

Return on operating revenues in %

5.5

9.6

6.3

10.0

1   Operating revenues exclude net investment income and net realised investment gains from unit-linked 
business as these are passed through to contract holders via interest credited to policyholders and
therefore do not have an impact on the operating result.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial year Life & Health business

Traditional life premiums and fees totalled 
CHF 7.9 billion in 2006, an increase of 
12%, reflecting new business written in 
the US, the UK, and Asia as well as the
European life business acquired as part 
of GE Insurance Solutions. Traditional 
health premiums grew from CHF 1.6 bil-
lion in 2005 to CHF 2.2 billion in 2006, 
largely due to the GE Insurance Solutions 
acquisition. Excluding the impact of the 
securitisations, Admin ReSM premiums and 
fees remained stable at CHF 2.1 billion.

Premiums earned and fee income in 
Europe increased with the acquisition 
of the European life and health business 
of GE Insurance Solutions and general 
growth in new business. The business 
growth in North America was more than 
offset by the European business acquired 
as part of GE Insurance Solutions.

50  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Premiums earned and fee income by region

in % 
North America 
Europe 
Rest of the world 
Total CHF millions 

2005 
63.7
27.2
9.1

2006 
61.0
31.3
7.7
10 519   11 853

Lines of business
Traditional life

CHF millions 
Operating revenues 

Operating result

Admin ReSM

CHF millions 
Operating revenues 

Operating result

2006 
8 907

688

Return on operating revenues 

2005
7 930

742

2005 
3 727

2006 
3 391

379

435

Return on operating revenues 

(in %) 

10.2

12.8

(in %)

9.4

7.7

The Admin ReSM securitisations reduced 
operating revenues by CHF 630 million, 
compared to a reduction of CHF 292 mil-
lion in 2005, due to the first full year im-
pact of the ALPS securitisation. 

The Admin ReSM return increased from 
10.2% in 2005 to 12.8% in 2006, reflect-
ing good claims experience. 

The return for traditional life business 
 declined from 9.4% in 2005 to 7.7% in 
2006, reflecting stable mortality experi-
ence in 2006 compared to favourable 
mortality experience in the prior year. 
2005 also benefited from the release 
of the tsunami provision.

Traditional health

CHF millions 
Operating revenues 

Operating result

2005 

2006 
2 202  2 868

212

394

Return on operating revenues 

(in %) 

9.6

13.7

The return for traditional health business 
rose from 9.6% in 2005 to 13.7% in 2006, 
reflecting excellent claims experience.

Financial year

Financial Services business

Operating income rose 21% to CHF 460 million 
with strong performances in Credit Solutions and 
Capital Management and Advisory.

Business developments
In 2006, Credit Solutions extended its 
leadership position and continued to ben-
efit from a favourable credit environment. 
The division complements stringent credit 
underwriting standards with selective 
hedging, including credit default swaps 
and risk securitisation. It successfully com-
pleted a trade credit reinsurance securiti-
sation in January 2006 – a first in the 
market. The acquisition of GE Insurance 
Solutions brought in a strong trade finance 
portfolio, which helped further diversify 
Credit Solutions’ structured credit portfolio.

Capital Management and Advisory (CMA) 
retained its position at the forefront for in-
termediating insurance risk, supported by 
growing capacities for trading and struc-
turing other asset classes. CMA originates, 
structures, trades and distributes interest 
rate, equity, credit, insurance and weather 
risks. 2006 was another year of strong 
growth for the insurance-linked securities 
market and CMA retained its lead under-
writer position for Swiss Re’s own risks 
(eg Crystal Credit, Successor and Australis 
programmes), as well as third-party risks 
(eg OSIRIS Capital). CMA also significant-
ly increased trading revenues across most 
product lines. 

Swiss Re provides asset management 
services for insurance clients under the 
Conning Asset Management brand in the 
US, Canada, Bermuda, UK and Europe. 
Third-party assets under management

increased to CHF 85.4 billion at the end
of 2006 from CHF 72.4 billion at the end
of 2005.

Fox-Pitt, Kelton (FPK) was sold to an 
investor group on 28 June 2006.

Business results
Continued strong underwriting perform-
ance of Credit Solutions, as well as suc-
cessful trading and structuring in CMA 
led to an operating income of CHF 460 
million, up 21% compared to 2005 which 
had benefited from a favourable claims 
settlement agreement.

Total revenues rose 26% to CHF 2 billion, 
due to higher trading revenues from CMA, 
premium growth in Credit Solutions and 
increased fees from third-party asset man-
agement in Conning Asset Management.

Premiums earned increased 21%, primari-
ly due to the successful renewals in Credit 
Solutions throughout the year. The acqui-
sition of the bank trade finance portfolio 
of GE Insurance Solutions generated addi-
tional premiums.

Total investment return decreased by 7% 
to CHF 106 million from CHF 114 million 
in 2005. 

Trading revenues, fees and commissions 
increased by 40% to CHF 757 million, 
 reflecting strong growth in trading reve-
nue in CMA and continued growth in fees 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  51

Financial Services business results

CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Trading revenues, fees and commissions
Total revenues

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses

Acquisition costs

Operating costs

Total expenses

2005

2006

 Change in %

907
85
29
539
1 560

–328

–295

–558

1 100
79
27
757
1 963

–493

–364

–646

–1 181

–1 503

21
–7
–7
40
26

–50

–23

–16

–27

21

Operating income

379

460

Premium business, traditional

Combined ratio (in %)

Fee business

Return on total revenues (in %), 

81.2

89.9

excluding proprietary asset management 

8.1

26.9

Financial year Financial Services business

from third-party asset management. This 
growth was accompanied by improved 
performance, producing an excellent re-
turn on total revenues of 26.9% in 2006, 
compared to 8.1% in 2005.

The Credit Solutions business continued 
to post very good performance, with 
a combined ratio of 89.9%. Claims and 
claim adjustment expenses increased by 
50% to CHF 493 million compared to 
2005, which had benefited from a favour-
able claims settlement. Acquisition costs 
increased 23% to CHF 364 million, re-
flecting increased premium volume and 
a rise in profit commissions due to favour-
able claims experience.

Operating costs increased to CHF 646 mil-
lion, driven by an increase in variable
compensation costs resulting from strong 
business performance.

52  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business outlook

Swiss Re will maintain its focus on economic 
profit growth, earnings stability and innovative 
client solutions to seize the full opportunities 
of the reinsurance and financial services markets.

Business developments
Fundamentals for 2007 remain strong. 
Swiss Re will benefit from growth provid-
ed by the first full year inclusion of the 
GE Insurance Solutions and GE Life UK 
 acquisitions. Developments in the Europe-
an regulatory framework, including the 
EU Reinsurance Directive and the move 
towards Solvency II, will create new op-
portunities for strongly capitalised compa-
nies like Swiss Re to support clients with 
efficient capital management solutions. 

Swiss Re remains committed to delivering 
enhanced sustainable returns to its share-
holders by maintaining strict underwriting 
discipline and withdrawing capacity 
where economic terms are insufficient. 
Also, the Group will continue to address 
volatility on both sides of its balance sheet 
by actively hedging its investment and un-
derwriting exposures, including seeking 
innovative solutions in the capital markets.

The January 2007 renewals of Swiss Re’s 
non-life reinsurance portfolio, including 
the former GE Insurance Solutions busi-
ness, grew by 14% with rates up 1%, re-
sulting in overall growth in economic profit 
of 21%. Since the acquisition in June 
2006, 75% of GE Insurance Solutions 
non-life premiums have been successfully 
renewed. 

In property, price levels for peak natural 
catastrophe exposures are expected to re-
main technically very strong despite the 
increase of the Florida Hurricane Catastro-
phe Fund, especially for reinsurers with 

strong security. Winterstorm Kyrill in 
 January 2007 reminded the industry 
of European weather-related risk. 

In casualty, Swiss Re continues to address 
the drivers of liability risks, translating the 
evolving risk landscape into new products 
for clients. One example is the EU Direc-
tive on Environmental Liability which will 
be adopted into the law of the member 
states by 30 April 2007. Swiss Re has de-
veloped a site-related model for hazard 
analysis, linking current models with geo-
graphic information systems.

In life and health, Swiss Re anticipates 
strong sales of accumulation and retire-
ment products in developed markets such 
as the US, Europe and Japan. The Group 
is actively addressing client needs by de-
veloping new variable annuity products 
and exploring longevity products. Sales 
of protection products are expected to 
continue to grow but at a slower pace. 
Swiss Re’s strength in traditional reinsur-
ance makes it ideally positioned to offer 
effective solutions and respond to the 
needs of clients.

In Asia, a combination of regulatory, mar-
ket and social changes suggests contin-
ued strong prospects for volume and 
growth. As a key example, the agreement 
to purchase a 26% stake in TTK Health-
care Services Pvt Ltd demonstrates 
Swiss Re’s commitment to India and 
marks a milestone in Swiss Re’s strategy 
to enter the private medical insurance 
business in Asia.

Financial year

Further consolidation in the life sector in 
developed markets will continue to drive 
the growing trend for transferring closed 
blocks of life business to third parties – 
a trend Swiss Re is well placed to take 
advantage of through its Admin ReSM 
operation.

The outlook for Financial Services remains 
positive. The credit market should contin-
ue to provide growth with favourable 
terms and conditions, and Credit Solutions 
is expected to further extend its leading 
global position, particularly in Asia. While 
loss ratios are at historical lows, Swiss Re’s 
credit hedging strategy is in place to man-
age volatility, ensuring that Swiss Re’s 
portfolio is well protected. The insurance-
linked securities market will continue to 
grow rapidly over the coming years and 
Swiss Re aims to maintain its leading posi-
tion as structurer and underwriter. Third 
party asset management should also 
 increase revenues further, building on the 
excellent track record of Conning Asset 
Management.

Financial targets
Swiss Re maintains its targets of earnings 
per share growth of 10% and return on 
equity of 13% over the cycle, reflecting the 
Group’s commitment to achieving sustain-
able returns for shareholders.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  53

Governance

Risk and capital management

Swiss Re’s risk and capital management ensures 
controlled risk taking and adequate capitalisation, 
maintaining the financial flexibility to profit from 
attractive business opportunities.

Risk management
Controlled risk taking requires a strong 
risk management organisation and com-
prehensive risk management processes to 
identify, assess and control the Group’s 
risk exposures.

 management principles and policies, 
as well as for approving Swiss Re’s overall 
risk tolerance. The Board committees 
dealing with risk management issues 
 include the Finance and Risk Committee 
as well as the Audit Committee.

Risk management principles
At Swiss Re, risk management is based
on four guiding principles that are applied 
throughout the Group:


Controlled risk taking: financial strength 
and sustainable value creation are an 
integral part of Swiss Re’s value propo-
sition. As a result, the Group operates 
within a clearly defined risk policy and 
risk control framework.
Clear accountability: Swiss Re operates 
on the principle of delegated and clear-
ly defined authority. Individuals are
accountable for the risks they take on 
and their incentives are aligned with 
Swiss Re’s overall business objectives.
Independent risk controlling function: 
to avoid conflicts of interest, dedicated 
specialised units monitor risk-taking
activities.
Open risk culture: risk transparency
and responsiveness to change are
integral to Swiss Re’s risk control pro-
cess. Swiss Re has institutionalised 
knowledge-sharing processes at all
levels.







Risk management organisation
The Board of Directors is ultimately 
 responsible for Swiss Re Group’s risk 

54  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

The Executive Committee is responsible 
for implementing the risk management 
framework through the following two 
committees:


The Group Capital and Capacity Allo-
cation Committee is responsible for
allocating capital and capacity, and 
 approving the investment risk limits, 
as well as changes to the internal risk 
and capital methodology.
The Group Products and Limits Com-
mittee determines the Group’s product 
policy and standards, grants reinsur-
ance limits and decides on large or 
non-standard transactions.



Within the Executive Committee, the
Chief Financial Officer is responsible for 
the business planning process and defin-
ing asset management benchmarks. The 
Chief Risk Officer leads the global risk 
management function, which is responsi-
ble for risk controlling across the Group 
(see Figure 1).

The global risk management function is 
organised by risk categories with dedicat-
ed departments for credit and financial 
market risk, property and casualty risk, 
life and health risk, and operational risk. 

Governance Risk and capital management

Each of these departments is entrusted 
with Group-wide responsibility for identi-
fying, assessing and controlling their allo-
cated risks. The Corporate Integrated Risk 
Management department is responsible 
for  assessing the combined impact of all 
risks and reporting on Swiss Re’s overall 
risk position. The Sustainability & Emerging 
Risks unit coordinates the monitoring 
and management of emerging risks that 
may become significant for Swiss Re as 
well as the Group’s sustainability activities. 
 Finally, the Corporate Actuarial depart-
ment assesses life and non-life insurance 
liabilities from the accounting, statutory 
and economic perspectives.

None of these departments executes
business; they oversee risk-taking activi-
ties and set the risk management guide-
lines and best practice standards that 
the business units implement.

Group Internal Audit monitors the execu-
tion of processes within the Group, includ-
ing those in risk management.

Swiss Re’s risk landscape
Risk management is essential to Swiss Re’s 
strategic planning and is embedded in
the Group’s management discipline.
In addition to strategic risks, Swiss Re
distinguishes three types of risks: core 
risks, operational risks and other risks
(see Figure 2).

Figure 1: Risk management – overview of Swiss Re’s key bodies and functions

Board of Directors

Group Internal Audit

Chief Executive Officer

Chief Risk Officer

Chief Financial Officer

Credit & Financial Market
Risk Management

Life & Health
Risk Management

Group Capital
Management

Property & Casualty
Risk Management

Corporate Integrated
Risk Management

Corporate Actuarial

Americas Insurance
& Reinsurance Risk
Management

Group Operational
Risk Management

Sustainability
& Emerging Risks

Figure 2: Categorisation of Swiss Re’s risk landscape

Operational risks

Other risks

Funding and liquidity

Reputational

People

Processes

Systems

External

Core risks

Insurance

Property and casualty
Life and health

Financial markets

Equity market
Interest rate
Foreign exchange
Credit spread
Real estate

Credit

Credit migration
Credit default

Core risks are split into three broad cate-
gories:


Insurance risk is the risk of incurring
a financial loss as a result of a property, 
casualty, life or health insurance
event.
Financial market risk is the risk of as-
sets and /or liabilities being negatively
affected by movements in financial 
market prices or rates, such as equity 
prices, interest rates, credit spreads,





foreign exchange rates or real estate 
prices.
Credit risk is the risk of incurring 
a financial loss due to diminished credit-
worthiness (eroding credit ratings
and, ultimately, counterparty default) 
among counterparties of Swiss Re
and /or third parties.

The risks classified under operational
risks and other risks are ancillary and
arise as a consequence of undertaking 
business.

Operational risk, defined according to the 
Basel II risk areas, includes potential losses 
from inadequate or failed internal process-

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  55

Governance Risk and capital management

es, people, systems, external events, or 
non-compliance with regulation resulting 
in regulatory penalties or an inability to 
operate properly. Management of opera-
tional risk is designed to reduce it to an
acceptable level, since there is no financial 
return for carrying operational risk.

Other risks comprise:


Funding and liquidity risk is the risk
that Swiss Re is unable to meet its 
short-term financial obligations or
raise funds in the markets to finance
its commitments at a reasonable cost.
Reputational risk is the risk that a par-
ticular event or behaviour damages 
stakeholders’ perception of Swiss Re, 
thus impairing its ability to operate
effectively.



Funding and liquidity risk may result
from larger than expected cash outflows 
or smaller than expected cash inflows
and a restricted ability to raise short-
term funds. In addition, sudden liquidity 
requirements may arise if covenants
are triggered under specific adverse
circumstances, requiring the collater-
alisation of debt obligations and third-
party guarantees with assets of a speci-
fied quality.

Maintaining its reputation is key to 
Swiss Re’s business. Upholding the clear 
values defined in the Group’s Code of
Con duct mitigates reputational risk. These 
values are supported by processes that 
enable early identification of potential 
problems.

EU Solvency II and Swiss Solvency Test
Discussions on the Solvency II project, which will modernise the existing EU solvency 
regime, have accelerated in 2006. In Switzerland, a similar approach to risk-based 
solvency control – the Swiss Solvency Test (SST) – is being implemented. Swiss Re 
welcomes these developments, as they encourage sound risk management as well 
as more effective governance structures. The use of internal models – validated by 
the supervisor – for calculating solvency capital requirements will support a better 
understanding of insurers’ risk landscapes. Swiss Re continues to contribute actively 
to developing standards in various regulatory and professional bodies such as the 
Solvency II related expert groups within the Comité Européen des Assurances (CEA) 
and the Chief Risk Officer (CRO) Forum.

An important aspect of the SST is the recognition of the fundamental economic
principle of diversification, taking legal structures and contracts into consideration. 
Swiss Re is tailoring its internal risk-based approach to meet the specific SST
requirements.

The details of Solvency II are yet to be defined. Swiss Re is actively involved in the
development of Solvency II and participated in the two Quantitative Impact Studies 
conducted by the European Commission. Thanks to this involvement and Swiss Re’s 
long experience in using an economic risk-based framework for internal purposes,
the Group is well prepared for the new solvency requirements.

56  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Integrated risk modelling
Swiss Re has a proprietary internal inte-
grated risk model, which is used to deter-
mine the capital required to support the 
risks on Swiss Re’s books and allocate 
risk-taking capacity to lines of business. 
The model is continuously updated to 
 reflect prevailing best practice.

Swiss Re’s risk model is based on two im-
portant principles. Firstly, it uses an asset-
liability management (ALM) approach, 
measuring the net impact of risk on the 
economic value of both assets and liabili-
ties. Secondly, it adopts an integrated 
 perspective, recognising that a single risk 
factor can affect different sub-portfolios 
and that different risk factors can have 
mutual dependencies.

The model generates a probability distri-
bution for the Group’s annual economic 
profit and loss, specifying the likelihood 
that the profit or loss will fall within 
any given range. From this distribution 
a base capital requirement is derived that 
captures the potential for severe, but
rare, aggregate losses over a one-year 
time horizon. Swiss Re compares the 
base capital requirement with available 
capital to determine the adequacy of 
its capitalisation.

One widely used measure for summaris-
ing the risk distribution and defining the 
base capital requirement is the 99% Value 
at Risk (VaR): a level of loss likely to be 
 exceeded in only one year out of a hun-
dred. In addition to the overall Group 99% 
VaR, Table 1 shows the 99% VaR for prop-
erty and casualty, life and health, financial 
market, credit, and funding and liquidity 
risks. This clearly demonstrates the diver-
sification effect: the base capital require-
ment for the entire portfolio is smaller than 
the sum of the base capital requirements 
for the individual sub-portfolios.

Governance Risk and capital management

Swiss Re’s overall risk exposure measured 
based on 99% VaR increased from CHF 
9.9 billion in mid-2005 to CHF 11.3 billion 
in mid-2006. The main source of this 
rise was the acquisition of GE Insurance 
So lutions, which increased the insurance
risk within the Group’s portfolio. This was
partly mitigated by Successor, the USD 
950 million catastrophe bond programme 
completed in June 2006, as well as by the 
increased use of industry loss warranties, 
mainly to reduce Atlantic hurricane expo-
sure. Swiss Re’s financial market and cred-
it risk was reduced by the EUR 252 million 
Crystal Credit securitisation of January 
2006, providing coverage for extreme 
credit events, as well as by hedging activi-
ties to protect Swiss Re’s portfolio in case 
of falling equity markets and widening 
credit spreads.

Between mid-2005 and mid-2006, 
Swiss Re’s property and casualty risk 
 increased by 44%, again largely due to 
the natural catastrophe risks taken 
on through the GE Insurance Solutions 
 acquisition. The higher life and health 
risk also mainly resulted from increased 
exposure through the business acquired 
as part of GE In surance Solutions. 
Swiss Re’s financial market risk declined, 
however, largely due to increased hedg-
ing of tradable  equity and credit spread 
 exposures. Credit risk increased by 12%, 
mainly from the growth of the credit busi-
ness and the  acquisition of GE Insurance 
Solutions. The exposure to funding and 
 liquidity risk, which reflects risks arising 
from Swiss Re’s use of letter of credit 
 facilities, was immaterial as Swiss Re’s 
capital increased between mid-2005 and 
mid-2006.

In addition to the 99% VaR, Swiss Re also 
considers other measures, including the 
99% Tail VaR (expected shortfall) and the 
99.5% VaR. The 99% Tail VaR measures 

Table 1: Base capital requirement using one year 99% VaR

CHF billions
Property and casualty
Life and health
Financial market
Credit
Funding and liquidity
Simple sum
Diversification effect
Swiss Re Group

Mid-2005
(excl. IS)
5.5
1.8
5.7
1.5
0.1
14.6
4.7
9.9

Mid-2006
(incl. IS)1
7.9
2.5
5.3
1.7
0.0
17.4
6.1
11.3

Change
in % 
44
36
–7
12
–100
19

14

¹ 

 Different to mid-2005, mid-2006 data includes GE Insurance Solutions (IS). Between mid-2005 and 
mid-2006 there have been a few model improvements and data enhancements. They include enhanced 
models for natural catastrophes, eg the recalibration of the Atlantic hurricane model after Katrina.

Table 2: Natural catastrophe stress tests

Estimated economic impact of each single loss event
in CHF billions as of 31 December
Atlantic hurricane (200-year return period)

European windstorm (200-year return period)

California earthquake (200-year return period)

Japanese earthquake (200-year return period)

2005
–3.3

–3.0

–1.5

–1.7

2006
–5.7

–5.2

–4.0

–2.4

the average annual loss likely to occur 
with a frequency of less than once in one 
hundred years, while the 99.5% VaR 
measures the level of loss likely to be 
 exceeded in only one year out of two 
 hundred. Both the 99% Tail VaR and the 
99.5% VaR are more conservative risk 
capital measures than the 99% VaR. 
Based on mid-2006 exposure data, 
the Group’s 99% Tail VaR amounted to 
CHF 17 billion, a 10% increase com-
pared to mid-2005 and the 99.5% VaR 
amounted to CHF 14 billion, a 9% in-
crease compared to mid-2005.

Stress scenario analyses complement
the integrated risk model by providing in-
formation on the economic implications
of certain adverse situations. Some of 
these analyses appear in the following 
sections.

Risk management per core risk
category
Risk appetite and risk tolerance at Group 
level are defined by a set of limits ap-
proved by the Executive Committee and 
the Board of Directors. The relevant Group 
bodies allocate capacity to lower levels.

Insurance risk management
Property and casualty risk arises predomi-
nantly from the property, casualty (includ-
ing motor), and specialty lines. The Group 
Property & Casualty Risk Guideline in con-
junction with the Group Risk Management 
Guideline establishes the risk governance 
framework for property and casualty 
risk. Limits to prevent excessive exposure 
to any individual risk, or to the same under-
lying risk, are monitored Group-wide. 
In  addition, each underwriter is given 
a defined limit per treaty programme and 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  57

 
Governance Risk and capital management

single risk. There is a well-defined escala-
tion process at various levels up to the 
Group Products and Limits Committee. 
These procedures and limits define the 
underwriting process and are laid down 
in the Group Underwriting Guidelines, 
which are approved by the Group Prod-
ucts and Limits Committee.

Property & Casualty Risk Management
is responsible for Group-wide monitoring 
and reporting of property and casualty 
risks. Underwriting systems across the 
Group provide timely reporting on risks 
 assumed and capacity used. The global 
Products function plays a major role in 
managing property and casualty risks by 
proposing the annual renewal strategy 
and closely monitoring renewal business. 
Where appropriate, Swiss Re also uses
insurance-linked securities, industry loss 
warranties, retrocession and risk swaps 
to balance its portfolio.

Table 2 reports the expected pre-tax 
claims of Swiss Re for major natural catas-
trophe loss events, allowing for insurance-
linked securities, industry loss warranties, 
retrocession and risk swaps. The figures 
take into account the fact that an event 
can  trig ger claims in various lines of busi-
ness. For instance, the windstorm Europe 
scenario includes, among others, claims 
from the motor line, and the California 
earthquake scenario also reflects – but 
is not limited to – additional claims arising 
from workers’ compensation and general 
liability.

The economic impact of the top natural 
catastrophe risk scenarios has increased 
greatly since the end of 2005 (see 
Table 2). This is primarily due to the risks 
assumed through the GE Insurance Solu-
tions acquisition but also reflects model 
adjustments, specifically to Atlantic hurri-
cane storm surge and storm frequency, 

58  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Influenza pandemic modelling
Swiss Re has significant exposure to mortality risk through its life and health business; 
the Group recognises that pandemic influenza is a material risk that has the potential 
to affect all markets around the world. Swiss Re has developed a sophisticated epide-
miological model to improve understanding of the potential range of outcomes from 
a pandemic, better enabling the Group to hold appropriate capital for this risk.

There were three influenza pandemics in the 20th century. The great Spanish Flu of 
1918–19 is believed to have been the worst pandemic in over 400 years, with high 
mortality rates and a disproportionate impact on young adults. At that time, antibiot-
ics were not yet available to treat secondary infections and the nature of the infectious 
agent was not understood. Medical progress, as well as weaker underlying disease 
factors, produced much lower mortality in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics.

Swiss Re’s model incorporates the underlying epidemiological variation shown in 
these three pandemics, including rate of spread, lethality, and differences in infection 
rates and lethality between age groups. The model also includes the far more sophis-
ticated pharmaceutical and behavioural interventions available today. Based on these 
factors, a large number of potential pandemics are generated (“event sets”), taking 
 account of intervention options in today’s environment and thus giving an appropriate 
range of potential pandemics.

Pharmaceutical interventions include antibiotics and antivirals. Antibiotics have 
a large effect in reducing mortality from secondary infections – their effectiveness is 
well understood. Therefore, only a small variation in effectiveness has been assumed 
in the model. Pandemics with high lethality are expected to cause larger numbers 
of viral pneumonia deaths, affecting mostly young adults. Antivirals are in most cases 
expected to slow the spread of influenza, reduce the peak rate of illness, and reduce 
overall mortality substantially. Such therapy is now available and these drugs are be-
ing stockpiled by many governments. Nevertheless, their effectiveness against a wide 
range of potential viruses is not fully understood. This is accommodated in the model 
by assuming that antivirals would not work at all in one out of three simulated 
pandemics.

The effect of each potential pandemic produced by this model is estimated for 
Swiss Re’s portfolio of business by weighting for exposure by country and age group. 
This produces a complete distribution model of potential additional mortality and the 
probability of each level. The model includes the possibility of very high additional 
mortality, but with very low probability. This enables estimation of all relevant statisti-
cal measures, such as 99% VaR, 99% Tail VaR and losses for various return periods.

Governance Risk and capital management

prompted by the experience of Hurricane 
Katrina. The significant rise in the potential 
impact from a California earthquake also 
reflects increased exposure in the port-
folio due to attractive risk-adjusted market 
 opportunities.

The GE Insurance Solutions acquisition not 
only influences top natural catastrophe 
risks but also a number of specialty lines. 
Swiss Re’s exposure to aviation terror risk, 
for example, increased significantly due to 
a large increase in all-risks covers and the 
inclusion of the GE Insurance Solutions’ 
third-party liability war/terror product. In 
a scenario such as the Heathrow terror plot 
thwarted in August 2006, in which two 
of the targeted airlines were owned by 
non-US carriers (US airline carriers receive 
governmental coverage under the Home-
land Security Act) and where the airplanes 
 potentially could have exploded over the 
ocean, the total potential loss to Swiss Re 
would have been approximately USD 
125 million. If, however, five non-US air-
planes had crashed into urban areas, thus 
creating additional third-party liability war/
terror claims, the potential loss to Swiss Re 
would have been ten times larger.

Swiss Re takes on life and health risk 
through written mortality and morbidity 
covers as well as acquired run-off (Admin 
ReSM) business. Local business units can 
accept business within agreed limits, such 
as per life retention limits for individual 
business, maximum market exposures for 
life and health catastrophe business, and 
occupational scheme aggregation limits. 
The Group pays particular attention to 
 accumulation risk in areas of high popula-
tion density, including individual buildings. 
Any business that falls outside of specified 
limits must be approved according to 
the risk governance framework.

Table 3: Life insurance stress test

Estimated economic impact of each single loss event
in CHF billions as of 31 December
US epidemic – 300 000 excess deaths, proportionally spread
US epidemic – 300 000 excess deaths, evenly spread

2005
–0.5
–2.1

2006
–0.4
–1.9

The Group Life & Health Risk Management 
Guidelines and Group Reinsurance Guide-
lines articulate Swiss Re’s attitude and 
 approach towards life and health risk tak-
ing by the business units with oversight 
by Life & Health Risk Management. These 
guidelines include detailed guidance on 
referral procedures and approval bodies.

All large and complex transactions are 
subject to independent review by the cen-
tral Products team and by Risk Manage-
ment. An integrated approach to assur-
ance and audit across the business pro-
vides increased oversight by Swiss Re 
experts on the appropriateness of techni-
cal processes and decisions.

Life & Health Risk Management is respon-
sible for the Group-wide monitoring and 
reporting of life and health risk. The ac-
quired GE Insurance Solutions portfolio 
has been incorporated into this process. 
Where appropriate, Swiss Re also uses
insurance-linked securities as a means
of reducing peak exposures. The Vita in-
dex-linked security transactions, for exam-
ple, were arranged to provide protection 
against extreme mortality events. This 
is now a well established programme.
The original Vita I programme for USD 
400 million expired at the end of 2006 
and was successfully replaced by Vita III 
for USD 705 million.

scenarios describe the potential impact 
of an extreme epidemic in the US, assum-
ing 300 000 excess deaths across the 
whole country. This is more extreme 
than the upper end of the World Health 
Organisation’s scenarios used in their pan-
demic preparedness planning. The sce-
nario which assumes that excess mortality 
is evenly spread across the population 
is more conservative (ie high) because 
it does not allow for the typically lower 
 mortality experienced among the insured 
population. 

The decreases in expected losses for 
Swiss Re compared to the previous 
year’s estimates are mainly due to the 
 decline in value of the US dollar relative 
to the Swiss franc.

Financial market risk management
Financial market risk arises from three 
main sources: Swiss Re’s Proprietary 
 Asset Management unit (PAM), the inter-
est rate sensitivity of the present value 
of liabilities, and the capital markets trad-
ing activities of the Capital Management 
and Advisory division (CMA). The overall 
risk limits framework is defined by the 
Group Capital and Capacity Allocation 
Committee. With effect from 1 January 
2007, all activities involving financial 
 market risk are subject to one overall limit 
for each major risk class, expressed in 
terms of both, VaR and stress testing.

The estimated pre-tax claims for Swiss Re 
in the life and health scenarios (Table 3) 
are based on the average sum at risk. The 

CMA and PAM translate the limits frame-
work for their own activities, incorporating 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  59

Governance Risk and capital management

a more detailed set of risk limits into their 
business, including stop loss triggers. 
CMA, for instance, uses a 10-day 99% 
VaR to limit and monitor its financial
market risk on a daily basis. Group Credit
& Financial Market Risk Guidelines define 
minimum standards for managing finan-
cial market risk; these are supplemented 
by Derivative Guidelines, Investment 
Guidelines and business-specific guide-
lines.

Financial market risk is identified using 
a risk inventory of the various risk factors 
that each business unit is exposed to. 
Each business area is responsible for 
measuring the financial market risk arising 
from its own activities within guidelines 
provided by Risk Management; the results 
are captured in the Market Risk Aggrega-
tion & Reporting System, which is also 
used for risk modelling and risk reporting 
at Group level. The asset-liability manage-
ment report summarises financial market 
risks at Group level. PAM reports risk on 
a weekly basis, while CMA uses a combi-
nation of daily and weekly reporting. 
These reports are the primary tools used 
to track exposures and monitor usage 
of limits. Credit & Financial Market Risk 
Management independently monitors 
 limit usage. The limits are reported to the 
head of the business unit, who is also ulti-
mately responsible for risk steering. The 
business unit heads seek to optimise their 
re spective portfolios within their limits,
including the use of cash and derivative
instruments.

Table 4 shows the pre-tax impact of mar-
ket scenarios on available economic capi-
tal. The equity scenario includes traded 
equities, private equities, equity deriva-
tives, Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit 
products and funding obligations arising 
from equity holdings in Swiss Re pension 

60  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Table 4: Market scenarios

Estimated economic impact of each single loss event
in CHF billions as of 31 December
30% fall in global equity markets
100bp parallel increase in global yield curves
15% fall in global real estate markets

Table 5: Credit scenarios

Estimated economic impact of each single loss event
in CHF billions as of 31 December
Rating migration comparable to experience of 2001
Default rate increase comparable to experience of 2001

Deterioration of recovery levels comparable to

experience of 2001

Combined effect

2005
–2.5
0.4
–0.7

2005
–0.3
–0.5

–0.2

–1.0

2006
–3.7
–0.1
–0.7

2006
–0.3
–0.5

–0.3

–1.2

funds. The significant rise in the global 
 equity market scenario is due to increased 
exposures from traded equities, hedge 
funds and private equity. The interest rate 
scenario shows the net impact on assets 
and liabilities from a rise in interest rates. 
Real estate exposure includes investments 
in real estate and own-use property.

Credit risk management
Credit risk exposure within the Group
arises directly from Swiss Re’s investment 
activities as well as its portfolio of assets 
and liabilities underwritten directly by
the business units. Swiss Re distinguishes 
three kinds of exposure: the risk of
issuer default from instruments in which 
Swiss Re invests or trades, such as cor-
porate bonds; counterparty exposure
in a direct contractual relationship, such 
as retrocession or over-the-counter (OTC)
derivatives; in addition, Swiss Re assumes 
risk with no direct contractual relation-
ship, such as trade credit and surety
reinsurance business. All contribute to
an overall credit risk portfolio governed

by Group Credit & Financial Market Risk 
Guidelines that are approved by the 
Group Capital and Capacity Allocation 
Committee.

The guidelines include credit shortfall lim-
its by business unit and limits by country 
based on the nature of the exposure and
a detailed assessment of the counterpar-
ty’s financial strength, the prevailing eco-
nomic environment, industry position and 
qualitative factors. This assessment ge-
nerates an internal counterparty-specific
rating in one of 20 categories. Swiss Re 
constantly monitors counterparty credit 
quality and exposures, compiling “watch 
lists” of those cases that merit particularly 
close attention.

The reporting process is supported by the 
Group Credit Risk Exposure Reporting 
Management and Information Tool that 
contains all relevant information including 
counterparty details, ratings, credit risk 
exposures, credit limits and watch lists. It 
is accessible by all key credit practitioners 

Governance Risk and capital management

in the Group, thus providing essential 
transparency to allow for the successful 
implementation of active exposure man-
agement strategies for specific counter-
parties, industry sectors and geographic 
regions.

The figures in Table 5 report the estimat-
ed pre-tax impact of credit scenarios on 
available economic capital. For instance, 
the default scenario shows estimated ad-
ditional (unexpected) losses due to ad-
verse default rate changes. The scenarios 
are based on a credit environment devel-
opment similar to 2001, which was 
the worst credit experience in the past 
ten years. The increase in the combined 
 credit scenario reflects changes in the 
credit portfolios due to the acquisition of 
GE  Insurance Solutions as well as organic 
business growth within Credit Solutions 
and CMA.

Operational risk management
The management of operational risk is 
an integral part of Swiss Re’s risk manage-
ment framework.

In 2006, Swiss Re implemented a com-
mon Group-wide operational risk manage-
ment methodology that emphasises man-
aging operational risks as close to their 
source as possible. Top-down and bottom-
up assessments provide comprehensive 
coverage of the entire operational risk 
landscape. The top-down process is 
based on Group-wide input by senior
executives. In contrast, the bottom-up
assessment is based on more than 300 
risk and control self assessments across 
Swiss Re, supported by a Group-wide 
management information system. The 
 results from these processes have prompt-
ed significant progress in identifying, 
quantifying and mitigating key operational 
risk exposures. A formal referral process

Risk tolerance: Capital and earnings protection
Swiss Re’s risk tolerance represents the amount of risk the Group is willing to accept 
within the constraints imposed by its capital resources, its strategy, its risk appetite, 
and the regulatory and rating agency environment within which it operates. This risk 
tolerance is reflected by clearly defined targets for all relevant areas. These targets 
 primarily aim to control risks to capital adequacy, but also consider other dimensions, 
such as earnings volatility.

Swiss Re actively manages its earnings volatility in order to ensure more consistent 
 returns to shareholders, enhance Swiss Re’s credit quality and lower the Group’s 
 capital costs. The size and technical expertise of Swiss Re enables the Group to be 
a leader in the use of a wide variety of reinsurance and capital market instruments 
that are used to manage volatility and diversify risk, including insurance-linked securi-
ties, industry loss warranties, retrocession, insurance risk swaps, equity derivatives 
and credit default swaps.

For example, as at the end of September 2006, in the midst of the US hurricane 
 season, Swiss Re’s overall earnings protection based on a 25-year return period for 
Atlantic hurricane amounted to USD 1.0 billion, which corresponds to nearly half of 
the expected gross claims amount from such an event (see table below). For this and 
other top catastrophe risks, earnings and capital protection measures are in place, 
such as the Successor catastrophe bond programme issued in 2006.

Swiss Re’s earnings protection for selected natural catastrophe risks1

In USD billions, as of 30 September 2006
Atlantic hurricane 

European windstorm

California earthquake 

Japanese earthquake 

Return period
25 years

25 years

50 years

50 years

Estimated
gross claims
2.1

1.5

1.2

0.6

Claims hedge
1.0

Net claims
1.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

1.1

1.0

0.4

1  For larger claims, Swiss Re has additional protection in place.

ensures that the top operational risks 
of the Group and their mitigation status
are regularly monitored by the Executive 
Committee.

Experts in different areas of operational 
risk management (such as IT Security and 
Business Continuity Management) have 
their activities integrated within the overall 
risk governance structure. Moreover, 

Group Internal Audit establishes its priori-
ties using quantified risk landscapes es-
tablished by the operational risk manage-
ment function in collaboration with the 
 audit function.

Capital management
Capital Management’s key task is to en-
sure that Swiss Re is adequately capital-
ised at all times and able to maintain

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  61

Governance Risk and capital management

financial strength even after a large loss 
event, and that all legal entities meet
their respective capital requirements.
This task takes into account internal eco-
nomic and accounting views, as well 
as rating agency and regulatory solvency 
models.

Capital Management seeks to maintain
an optimal Group-wide capital structure, 
giving Swiss Re financial flexibility at opti-
mal funding costs.

Internal capital adequacy
Swiss Re determines the amount of eco-
nomic capital it has available to cover 
 adverse events based on published share-
holders’ equity and a number of adjust-
ments net of tax. Thus, no allowance is 
made for potential tax offsets due to future 
losses arising from adverse experience. 
The calculation of available capital is 
shown in Table 6.

Dividing the available capital of CHF 
40.6 billion by the capital requirements 
of CHF 11.3 billion based on 99% VaR 
gives a capital adequacy ratio (CAR) 
of 360% at 30 June 2006, compared to 

Available and required capital

50

40

30

20

10

0

CHF billions1

32.6

9.9
329%

40.6

11.3

360%

Mid-2005

Mid-2006

  Available capital
  Required capital at 99% VaR
  Capital adequacy ratio

¹  Figures based on Swiss GAAP

62  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Table 6: Calculation of available capital

CHF billions1
Shareholders‘ equity
Mark-to-market adjustments2
Goodwill and intangibles
Equalisation reserves
P&C and L&H valuation adjustments3
Hybrid capital
Tax and other4
Available capital

Mid-2005
22.0
1.8
–2.6
1.2
8.5
4.4
–2.7
32.6

Mid-20065
27.1
–0.3
–4.7
1.3
12.3
8.1
–3.2
40.6

1  All figures based on Swiss GAAP
2   Includes fixed income securities (excluding fixed income securities backing life and health reserves),

investments in real estate, and own-use property

3   Includes discounting of non-life reserves, life and health‘s value not recognised in the balance sheet 

and other

4  Tax impact on the above adjustments
5  Includes GE Insurance Solutions

329% on 30 June 2005. This improve-
ment stemmed from the strong increase 
in available capital, primarily due to posi-
tive economic earnings and an increase 
in pro perty and casualty valuation adjust-
ments resulting from a reassessment of 
non-life payment patterns. The GE Insur-
ance Solutions acquisition had a neutral 
effect on the Group’s internal capital 
 adequacy ratio: the additional external 
funding ef fectively balanced the increase 
in capital requirements due to the en-
larged risk profile.

Financial strength is a central component 
of Swiss Re’s value proposition to clients 
and therefore of the Group’s franchise. 
Swiss Re aims to hold sufficient capital to 
ensure that it is financially strong, even
after an extreme loss event. Swiss Re 
manages 99% Tail VaR and 99.5% VaR 
measures of required capital in addition
to the 99% VaR. Based on these more 
conservative measures for required capi-
tal, the Group’s CAR on 30 June 2006 
amounted to 239% for the 99% Tail VaR 
and 291% for the 99.5% VaR. In addition 
to the considerations on an internal eco-

nomic value basis, Swiss Re must allow 
for external constraints from rating agen-
cies and regulators.

Rating agency models differ in a number 
of areas from Swiss Re’s economic bal-
ance sheet: for instance, Standard & Poor’s 
(S & P) does not give full quantitative credit 
for deferred acquisition costs nor acquired 
present value of future profits in its capital 
model.

Credit ratings
Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and A.M. Best 
rate Swiss Re’s financial strength based 
on interactive relationships.

Swiss Re’s very strong capitalisation, busi-
ness position, financial flexibility, as well 
as its outstanding franchise, and prudent 
capital and risk management are reflected 
in superior insurance financial strength 
ratings which are among the highest in 
the industry.

Governance Risk and capital management

market profile. These transactions appear 
on the balance sheet as “Financial servic-
es assets” and “Financial services liabili-
ties” (see pages 110–111 of the Financial 
Statements) and are taken into account 
in Swiss Re’s risk management process.

Group Treasury activities in 2006
Group Treasury is responsible for manag-
ing the cash, liquidity and funding of 
Swiss Re Group. Its main focus in 2006 
was the financing of the GE Insurance
Solutions acquisition which closed on
9 June 2006. The funding package was 
consistent with Swiss Re’s strong capital 
adequacy and included a well balanced 
mix of shares, mandatory convertibles, 
debt and internal funds:


In April 2006, a rights offering to exist-
ing shareholders, followed by a global 
offering, resulted in a total of 14.4 mil-
lion shares placed at CHF 92.25 per 
share, or CHF 1.3 billion. Existing 
shareholders subscribed for two thirds 
of the shares. In addition, Swiss Re
issued a total of USD 785 million
equivalent of senior notes under its
European Medium Term Note (EMTN) 
programme.
In May 2006, Swiss Re completed the 
placement of EUR 1 billion of 5.252% 
perpetual step-up notes and USD 
752 million of 6.854% perpetual subor-
dinated step-up preferred securities.
Both fixed income hybrids qualify for
favourable capital treatment from regu-
lators and the major rating agencies.
In order to achieve favourable capital 
treatment, both instruments require 
Swiss Re, in specified circumstances 
(which relate to changes in the financial 
condition of Swiss Re), either to defer 
interest otherwise payable or to settle 
such interest through the issue of its 
shares or certain other types of securi-
ties. Any interest that is so deferred can 
only be settled through the issue of 

Swiss Re’s financial strength ratings1

Rating
Outlook

S&P Moody’s A.M. Best
A+
Aa2
AA–
stable
negative
stable

1  As of 23 February 2007

After the acquisition of GE Insurance 
 Solutions was completed on 9 June 
2006, both Moody’s and A.M. Best con-
firmed Swiss Re’s rating at Aa2 and 
A+. These affirmations reflect Swiss Re’s 
thorough due diligence process, prudent 
financing and well advanced integration 
of the acquired business.

Standard & Poor’s lowering of Swiss Re’s 
rating to AA-/stable on 12 June 2006 
 reflects the size of the acquisition. S & P 
 in dicated that the outlook could be revised 
to positive, once the integration is suc-
cessfully completed and the combined
entity demonstrates a very strong operat-
ing performance.

On 31 October and 8 November 2006, 
S & P and Moody’s upgraded all acquired 
operating GE Insurance Solutions entities 
to the Group’s AA– and Aa2 ratings 
 respectively. On 5 February 2007, A.M. 
Best upgraded all acquired US subsi-
diaries of GE Insurance Solutions to the 
Group’s A+ rating. These upgrades to 
core status within Swiss Re Group reflect 
the advanced stage of integration of the 
acquired business.



Swiss Re’s funded business strategy
Swiss Re continues to expand its funded 
business strategy, diversifying its business 
while offering value-added solutions for 
clients. Funded business creates assets 
and liabilities – usually capital market in-
struments – that generate additional reve-
nues. In funded transactions, foreign ex-
change, interest rate, equity and credit 
risks are typically offset. They do not sig-
nificantly affect Swiss Re’s overall financial 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  63

 
such shares or other securities. In the 
unlikely event that the specified circum-
stances arise on those instruments 
(other than in circumstances where it 
is deferring interest or distributions on 
all its hybrid issues) Swiss Re would 
use its best endeavours to arrange for 
the issue or sale of its shares or such 
other securities so as to raise cash to 
enable it to settle interest, no later than 
30 days after its original due date for 
payment.
Upon closing the acquisition, Swiss Re 
issued CHF 610 million of three-year 
mandatory convertible instruments to 
General Electric. Swiss Re also issued 
the equivalent of USD 2.4 billion in new 
shares to General Electric at a price 
per share of CHF 87.58 which was just 
below the upper collar set in the trans-
action agreement.



Swiss Re also successfully renewed its
European Medium Term Note (EMTN) 
programme with dual registration on the 
Euro MTF in Luxembourg and the SWX 
Swiss Exchange, increasing the pro-
gramme limit to USD 10 billion. As of the 
end of December 2006, outstanding 
EMTN issues amounted to an aggregate 
book value of USD 3.6 billion.

As additional resources to meet funding 
requirements, Swiss Re also has access to 
the US commercial paper market through 
its USD 1.5 billion programme, as well as 
back-up credit lines, committed repo lines 
and letter of credit facilities in place with 
several major banks.

During 2006, Swiss Re repaid USD 
300 million and CHF 100 million of senior 
 financial debt, as well as EUR 250 million 
of subordinated financial debt.

Governance Risk and capital management

64  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance

Corporate governance

Swiss Re is committed to meeting the highest 
standards of corporate governance and fully
endorses transparency towards shareholders
and other stakeholders.

Corporate governance is the framework comprising a company’s organisation, structure, 
management and assurance functions. Transparency is an important component of 
the framework, designed to protect the interests of shareholders and create value for all 
stakeholders.

In the wake of major corporate failures and breakdowns, corporate governance, as well 
as legislative and regulatory developments, have been increasingly in the spotlight 
worldwide in recent years. Swiss Re takes a proactive approach to aligning investors’
expectations and interests with its own, and continues to conduct benchmarking with 
best practice standards.

There is a growing connection between corporate governance, corporate sustainability 
and corporate citizenship. A company’s integration of sustainability principles across its 
business operations and its wider role in society are increasingly being perceived as im-
portant drivers of continued business success. All three dimensions are firmly embedded 
in Swiss Re’s corporate responsibility framework, thus enabling the Group to create eco-
nomic value by improving its environmental and social performance beyond mere com-
pliance with laws and regulations.

As a Swiss publicly listed company, Swiss Re’s governance is measured primarily against 
the Swiss Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance. Swiss Re is also subject to 
the Directive on Information relating to Corporate Governance and its Annex and Com-
mentary, issued by SWX Swiss Exchange and effective since 1 July 2002 (also referred 
to as the “SWX Directive”). Additionally, Swiss Re complies with the applicable local 
rules and regulations of all the countries in which it does business. As the SWX Directive 
continues to be applicable, the information provided in this section of the Annual Report 
remains similar to preceding years, following the structure of the SWX Directive.

1  Group structure and shareholders, page 66
2  Capital structure, page 67
3  Board of Directors, page 73
4  Executive management, page 88
5  Compensation, shareholdings and loans, page 92
6  Shareholders’ participation rights, page 98
7  Changes of control and defence measures, page 99
8  Auditors, page 99
9  Information policy, page 101

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  65

Governance Corporate governance

1  Group structure and shareholders

1.1  Group structure
1.1  Group structure

Operational Group structure
Please refer to page 10.

Listed Group companies
Swiss Reinsurance Company, the Group’s parent company, is a joint stock company,
listed on SWX Swiss Exchange, domiciled at Mythenquai 50/60 in 8022 Zurich and
organised in accordance with the laws of Switzerland. Please see the chapter on 
“Swiss Re shares”, pages 103–106, for details on share information. For the other listed 
Group companies, please refer to the Financial Statements, note 15 on “Subsidiaries, 
 equity investees and variable interest entities”, pages 161–165.

Non-listed Group companies
Please refer to the Financial Statements, note 15 on “Subsidiaries, equity investees and 
variable interest entities”, pages 161–165.

1.2  Significant shareholders
1.2  Significant shareholders

As of 31 December 2006, there were two shareholders with a participation exceeding 
the 5% threshold of Swiss Re’s share capital.

a. General Electric Company, 3135 Easton Turnpike, Fairfield, Connecticut 06828, USA, 
held, directly or indirectly through group subsidiaries, 33 300 957 Swiss Re shares on
31 December 2006, representing 8.89% of Swiss Re’s voting rights.

b. The Capital Group Companies, Inc., domiciled in Los Angeles, informed SWX Swiss 
Exchange on 22 November 2005 that its holdings increased to 5.1% of Swiss Re’s 
 voting rights. As these shares have mostly not been registered under Capital Group 
 Companies or any of their group companies, Swiss Re is unable to track, on its own, 
changes in this shareholder’s aggregate holdings.

Franklin Resources, Inc., 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33394, USA, known 
as Franklin Templeton Investments, announced on 20 March 2006 that its aggregate 
holdings in Swiss Re shares fell below the threshold of 5% of Swiss Re’s voting rights.

1.3  Cross-shareholdings
1.3  Cross-shareholdings

There are no cross-shareholdings to report, as Swiss Re does not hold 5% or more 
of the shares or voting rights of any company which, in turn, also owns 5% or more of 
Swiss Re’s shares or voting rights.

66  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

2  Capital structure

In accordance with the SWX Directive, the following information about Swiss Re’s  
capital structure is provided for the listed parent company, Swiss Reinsurance Company, 
Zurich.

2.1  Capital
2.1  Capital

Please refer to the Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, financial statements, note 5 
on “Shareholders’ equity”, page 181.

2.2  Authorised and conditional capital
2.2  Authorised and conditional capital

At the Annual General Meeting in 2001, the creation of conditional capital was approved 
as follows: a maximum nominal amount of CHF 900 000 for conversion rights and 
 warrants granted in connection with convertible bonds or similar financial instruments 
 issued by the Group.

No additional conditional capital and no authorised capital was created or approved 
in 2002 and 2003.

The Annual General Meeting 2004 approved an increase of conditional capital from
CHF 900 000 to CHF 2 000 000, representing a maximum of 20 million registered 
shares, payable in full, each with a nominal value of CHF 0.10, for the exercise of 
 con version rights and warrants granted in connection with bonds or similar instruments 
 issued by the Group.

No additional conditional capital and no authorised capital was created or approved 
in 2005.

As of 31 December 2005, Swiss Re’s total conditional capital outstanding amounted 
to CHF 2 659 564.80, consisting of 26 595 648 registered shares. Of these 26 595 648 
shares, 20 000 000 shares were reserved for the exercise of conversion rights and 
 warrants granted in connection with bonds or similar instruments and 6 595 648 shares 
for employee participation purposes. As of 31 December 2005, Swiss Reinsurance 
Company had no authorised share capital in place.

With regard to the conditional capital created for bonds or similar financial instruments 
with a conversion right, shareholders’ pre-emptive rights may be restricted or excluded 
by decision of the Board of Directors, in order to finance or refinance the acquisition 
of companies, parts of companies, holdings, or new investments planned by the Group, 
or to issue convertible bonds and warrants on the international capital markets. If pre-
emptive rights are excluded, then (1) the bonds are to be placed at market conditions, 
(2) the exercise period is not to exceed ten years from the date of issue for options and 
twenty years for conversion rights, and (3) the conversion or the exercise price for the 
new shares is to be set at least in line with the market conditions prevailing at the date 
on which the bonds are issued.

With regard to the conditional capital for employee participation purposes, shareholders’ 
subscription rights are excluded. Such shares may be issued at a price below the current 
market price. The Board of Directors shall specify the precise conditions of issue. 
Swiss Re issued shares reserved for corporate purposes (“Vorratsaktien”) prior to the

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  67

Governance Corporate governance

2.3  Changes in capital
2.3  Changes in capital

68  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

revision of Swiss corporate law in 1992. These shares were paid in only at a nominal 
 value of CHF 0.10 for a total amount of CHF 794 228 and are not entitled to dividend.

At an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) held on 27 February 2006, shareholders 
approved the creation of CHF 9 000 000 of authorised capital as well as an increase 
of conditional capital by CHF 2 000 000, thereby enabling management to execute the 
transaction agreement relating to the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions Corporation 
and for general corporate purposes. An overview of the effects of the EGM resolutions 
on Swiss Re’s capital is shown in the following tables:

Authorised capital

General Electric (GE)
Up to 60 million shares in

favour of GE:


Share component of purchase 

price for GEIS1

Capital markets
Up to 30 million shares for capital 

increase with shareholders’ 

subscription rights:


Possible funding of cash compo-



Shareholders’ subscription rights 

nent of purchase price for GEIS

excluded in favour of GE



Shares will be offered to existing 



Authorisation to increase share 

Swiss Re shareholders

capital over two years (remainder 



Authorisation to increase share 

will lapse)

capital over two years



Lock-up period of 360 days for

GE from date of closing

Conditional capital

Up to 9 million shares in

Increase of up to 11 million shares

favour of GE:


Share component of purchase 

for bonds or similar instruments:


Significant portion has already 

price for GEIS through possible 

been allocated to mandatory 

mandatory convertible

convertible issued in December 



Shareholders’ pre-emption rights 

2005

excluded in favour of GE



Conditional capital not needed

in connection with the closing

of GEIS acquisition will lapse

1  GEIS: GE Insurance Solutions

As of 31 December 2006, Swiss Re’s total conditional capital outstanding amounted
to CHF 4 649 560.10, consisting of 46 495 601 registered shares. Of these 46 495 601 
shares, 40 000 000 shares were reserved for the exercise of conversion rights and war-
rants granted in connection with bonds or similar instruments and 6 495 601 shares for 
employee participation purposes. As of 31 December 2006, Swiss Reinsurance Compa-
ny had used a part of the CHF 9 million authorised share capital approved by the EGM; 
for the number of shares that have been issued in connection with the GE Insurance
Solutions transaction, please refer to section 2.3. Authorised capital with shareholders’ 
subscription rights amounted to CHF 1 105 336.80 at year-end 2006.

In 2003, the company’s share capital remained at CHF 32 million. Total reserves de-
creased by CHF 195 million to CHF 9.9 billion. The higher profit for the financial year of 
CHF 1.2 billion (compared to CHF 106 million in 2002) led to an increase of disposable 
profit from CHF 122 million to CHF 1.2 billion. Total shareholders’ equity before allocation 

 
Governance Corporate governance

of profit increased from CHF 10.3 billion to CHF 11.2 billion. At the Annual General
Meeting, shareholders approved a dividend payment of CHF 341 million, compared 
to CHF 310 million in the previous year.

In 2004, the company’s share capital remained at CHF 32 million. Total reserves in-
creased by CHF 795 million to CHF 10.7 billion. The higher profit for the financial year
of CHF 1.4 billion (compared to CHF 1.2 billion in 2003) led to an increase of disposable 
profit from CHF 1.2 billion to CHF 1.5 billion. Total shareholders’ equity before allocation 
of profit increased from CHF 11.2 billion to CHF 12.2 billion. At the Annual General
Meeting, shareholders approved a dividend payment of CHF 497 million, compared 
to CHF 341 million in the previous year.

In 2005, the company’s share capital remained at CHF 32 million. Total reserves in-
creased by CHF 952 million to CHF 11.7 billion. The lower profit for the financial year 
2005 of CHF 1.1 billion (compared to CHF 1.4 billion in 2004) led to a decrease of 
 disposable profit from CHF 1.5 billion to CHF 1.1 billion. Total shareholders’ equity before
allocation of profit increased from CHF 12.2 billion to CHF 12.8 billion. At the Annual 
General Meeting, shareholders approved a dividend payment of CHF 776 million, com-
pared to CHF 497 million in the previous year.

In 2006, the company’s share capital increased from CHF 32 million to CHF 37 million, 
mainly due to shares issued to General Electric (GE) and to capital markets as a result
of the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions. Total reserves increased by CHF 4.5 billion 
to CHF 16.2 billion. The higher profit for the financial year 2006 of CHF 2.1 billion 
 (compared to CHF 1.1 billion in 2005) led to an increase of disposable profit from 
CHF 1.1 billion to CHF 2.2 billion. Total shareholders’ equity before allocation of profit 
 increased from CHF 12.8 billion to CHF 18.4 billion. At the Annual General Meeting, 
shareholders will vote on the proposal of a dividend payment of CHF 1.2 billion, com-
pared to CHF 776 million paid in the previous year.

As of 31 December 2006, Swiss Reinsurance Company’s share capital, including shares 
reserved for corporate purposes, amounted to CHF 37 444 038. It is fully paid-in and 
 divided into 374 440 378 registered shares (each with a nominal value of CHF 0.10), 
of which 358 256 229 are entitled to dividend. Other than the shares reserved for corpo-
rate purposes, which have no voting power and are not entitled to dividend, there are
no additional types of shares with a higher or limited voting power, privileged dividend 
entitlement or any other preferential rights; nor are there any other securities represent-
ing a part of the company’s share capital. Swiss Re’s capital structure ensures equal 
treatment of all shareholders in accordance with the principle of “one share, one vote”.

2.4  Shares
2.4  Shares

2.5  Profit-sharing certificates
2.5  Profit-sharing certificates

Profit-sharing certificates in the sense of the SWX Directive are particular types of non-
voting securities that substitute or complement shares. These do not exist at Swiss Re.

2.6   Limitations on transferability and 
2.6   Limitations on transferability and 

nominee registrations
nominee registrations

Free transferability
Swiss Reinsurance Company’s shares are freely transferable, without any limitations,
provided that the buyers declare they are the beneficial owners of the shares and comply 
with the disclosure requirements of the Federal Act on Stock Exchanges and Securities 
Trading (“Stock Exchange Act”) of 24 March 1995.

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Governance Corporate governance

Admissibility of nominee registrations
Trustees or nominees who act as fiduciaries of shareholders are entered without further 
inquiry in Swiss Reinsurance Company’s share register as shareholders with voting rights 
up to a maximum of 2% of the outstanding share capital available at the time. Additional 
shares held by such nominees, which exceed the limit of 2% of the outstanding share 
capital, are entered in the share register with voting rights only if such nominees disclose 
the names, addresses and shareholdings of the beneficial owners of the holdings 
amounting to or exceeding 0.5% of the outstanding share capital. In addition, such nom-
inees must comply with the disclosure requirements of the Stock Exchange Act.

Procedure and conditions for cancelling statutory privileges and limitations 
on transferability
This point is not applicable, as no statutory privileges or limitations on transferability exist.

2.7  Convertible bonds and options
2.7  Convertible bonds and options

Convertible bonds
As stated in note 6 on “Debt” on pages 134–137 of the Financial Statements, the follow-
ing convertible bonds are outstanding:

Maturity
2021

2007

2008

2009

Instrument
Convertible bond

Mandatory convertible bond

Mandatory convertible bond

Mandatory convertible bond

Issued in
2001

2004

2005

2006

Currency
USD

Nominal (m) Exchange terms
i)

1 150

EUR

CHF

CHF

672

1 000

610

ii)

iii)

iv)

(i) Holders may convert the bonds, due 2021 and issued in denominations of USD 10 000 
principal amount and integral multiples thereof, into registered shares of Swiss Reinsur-
ance Company (nominal value CHF 0.10 per share) at any time on and after 22 Novem-
ber 2001, and prior to the close of business on 21 November 2011, at a conversion price 
of CHF 207.19 per share and a fixed exchange rate of USD 1= CHF 1.6641. The exercise 
of this convertible bond will not affect Swiss Re’s conditional capital, as Swiss Reinsur-
ance Company purchased a call option to hedge the underlying shares. If bond holders 
exercise this convertible bond, Swiss Re will exercise the hedge option purchased to 
 obtain the necessary shares without accessing Swiss Re’s conditional capital.

(ii) The Mandatory Convertible Bond (MCS) may, at the option of each holder, be con-
verted into registered shares of Swiss Reinsurance Company at any time from 2 Septem-
ber 2004 until 4.00 pm CET on the business day (as defined in the prospectus) before 
the 20th trading day (as defined in the prospectus) prior to the maturity date. Holders 
 exercising such early conversion right will be entitled initially to receive 15.796 shares, 
subject to adjustment as described in the prospectus, for each MCS. Unless previously 
converted, each MCS will be mandatorily converted on the maturity date into such 
number of registered shares of Swiss Re as is equal to the maturity conversion ratio. 
The maturity conversion ratio equals the arithmetic average of the 15 conversion ratios 
(calculated to five decimal places) calculated on the basis of the CHF closing prices of 
the shares on the virt-x (“closing price”) on each of the 15 consecutive trading days 
 ending on the third trading day prior to the maturity date. For the purposes of calculating 
such arithmetic average, the conversion ratio for a given trading day is determined 
as  follows: (i) if the closing price is less than or equal to the minimum conversion price 
of CHF 80.4140, the conversion ratio shall be equal to the maximum conversion ratio 

70  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

of  initially 18.956 shares per MCS; (ii) if the closing price is greater than or equal to the 
maximum conversion price of CHF 96.4968, the conversion ratio shall be equal to the 
minimum conversion ratio of initially 15.796 shares per MCS; and (iii) if the closing price 
is greater than the minimum conversion price, but less than the maximum conversion 
price, the conversion ratio shall be equal to EUR 1 000 multiplied by the fixed exchange 
rate (EUR 1 = CHF 1.5243) and divided by the closing price. Based on the closing price, 
Swiss Re will be required to deliver between 10.6 million and 12.7 million shares created 
from conditional capital or shares reserved for corporate purposes.

(iii) The Mandatory Convertible Bond (MCS), issued as a private offering to institutional 
investors only, may, at the option of each holder, be converted into registered shares of 
Swiss Reinsurance Company at any time from 24 January 2006 until 4.00 pm CET on 
the business day before the 20th trading day prior to the maturity date on 15 December 
2008. Holders exercising such early conversion right will be entitled initially to receive 
871.68759 shares, subject to adjustment, for each MCS of CHF 100 000 nominal value.

Unless previously converted, each MCS will be mandatorily converted on the maturity 
date into such number of registered shares of Swiss Re as is equal to the maturity con-
version ratio. The maturity conversion ratio equals the arithmetic average of the 15 con-
version ratios calculated on the basis of the CHF closing prices of the shares on the virt-x 
(“closing price”) on each of the 15 consecutive trading days ending on the third trading 
day prior to the maturity date. For the purposes of calculating such arithmetic average, 
the conversion ratio for a given trading day is determined as follows: (i) if the closing 
price is less than or equal to the minimum conversion price of CHF 95.60, the conversion 
ratio shall be equal to the maximum conversion ratio of initially 1 046.0251 shares per 
MCS; (ii) if the closing price is greater than or equal to the maximum conversion price 
of CHF 114.72, the conversion ratio shall be equal to the minimum conversion ratio of ini-
tially 871.68759 shares per MCS; and (iii) if the closing price is greater than the mini-
mum conversion price, but less than the maximum conversion price, the conversion ratio 
shall be equal to CHF 100 000 divided by the closing price. Based on the closing price, 
Swiss Re will be required to deliver between 8.7 million and 10.5 million shares created 
from conditional capital or shares reserved for corporate purposes.

(iv) Upon closing the GE Insurance Solutions acquisition, Swiss Re issued CHF 610 mil-
lion of three-year mandatory convertible instruments to General Electric. The Mandatory 
Convertible Bond (MCS), issued as a private offering, may, at the option of each holder, 
be converted into registered shares of Swiss Reinsurance Company at any time from
18 July 2006 until 4.00 pm CET on the business day before the 20th trading day prior 
to the maturity date on 8 June 2009. Holders exercising such early conversion right 
will be entitled initially to receive 1 024.14923 shares, subject to adjustment, for each 
MCS of CHF 100 000 nominal value.

Unless previously converted, each MCS will be mandatorily converted on the maturity 
date into such number of registered shares of Swiss Reinsurance Company as is equal to 
the maturity conversion ratio. The maturity conversion ratio equals the arithmetic average 
of the 15 conversion ratios calculated on the basis of the CHF closing prices of the shares 
on the virt-x (“closing price”) on each of the 15 consecutive trading days ending on the 
third trading day prior to the maturity date. For the purposes of calculating such arithme-
tic average, the conversion ratio for a given trading day is determined as follows: (i) if the 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  71

closing price is less than or equal to the minimum conversion price of CHF 84.90610, 
the conversion ratio shall be equal to the maximum conversion ratio of initially 
1 177.77168 shares per MCS of CHF 100 000 nominal value; (ii) if the closing price is 
greater than or equal to the maximum conversion price, of CHF 97.64202, the conver-
sion ratio shall be equal to the minimum conversion ratio of initially 1 024.14923 shares 
per MCS of CHF 100 000 nominal value; and (iii) if the closing price is greater than the 
minimum conversion price, but less than the maximum conversion price, the conversion 
ratio shall be equal to CHF 100 000 divided by the closing price. Based on the closing 
price, Swiss Re will be required to deliver between 6.25 million and 7.18 million shares 
created from conditional capital or shares reserved for corporate purposes.

Options
For details on stock options granted to Swiss Re employees, please refer to note 12
on “Share-based payments” on pages 150–153 and to note 9 on “Shareholders’ 
equity”, page 142 of the Financial Statements and section 5.6 on pages 95–96 in 
the corporate governance chapter.

Governance Corporate governance

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Governance Corporate governance

3  Board of Directors

3.1   Members of the Board of Directors 
3.1   Members of the Board of Directors 
Membership as at 31 December 
Membership as at 31 December 
2006
2006

Name
Peter Forstmoser

Nationality Age
63
Swiss

Walter B. Kielholz

Swiss

55

Initial election
1990

Current term ends
2010

1998

2010

Function
Chairman of the Board
Chair of the GC

Executive Vice Chairman
of the Board
Member of the FRC
Member of the GC

Jakob Baer

Swiss

62 Member

2005

2009

Chair of the AC

Member of the FRC 

Thomas W. Bechtler

Swiss

57 Member

Raymund Breu

Swiss

61 Member 

Member of the CC

Member of the AC

Member of the CC

John R. Coomber

British

57 Member

Chair of the FRC

Dennis D. Dammerman US

61 Member

Member of the CC

Member of the FRC

Member of the GC

1993

2003

2006

2006

2009

2007

2009

2009

Rajna Gibson Brandon

Swiss

44 Member

2000

2008

Member of the AC

Member of the FRC

Bénédict G.F. Hentsch

Swiss

58 Member

1993

2009

Member of the GC

Robert A. Scott

British

64 Member

2002

2010

Australian

Member of the AC

Chair of the CC

Member of the FRC

John F. Smith, Jr.

US

Swiss

68 Member

2003

2007

Member of the AC

Member of the GC

Kaspar Villiger

Swiss

65 Member

2004

2008

Member of the FRC

Member of the GC

Abbreviations:
AC 
CC 
FRC 
GC 

Audit Committee
Compensation Committee
Finance and Risk Committee
Governance Committee

Independence
Swiss Re requires a majority of the Board of Directors to be independent. Nominations 
are submitted to General Meetings of Shareholders accordingly. To be considered inde-
pendent, a director may not be, and may not have been in the past three years, employed 
as an executive officer of the Group. In addition, he or she must not have a material rela-
tionship with any part of the Group (either directly or as a partner, director or shareholder 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  73

Governance Corporate governance

of an organisation that has a material relationship with the Group). Based on Swiss Re’s 
independence criteria, a strong majority of ten of Swiss Re’s twelve directors qualify as 
independent. Walter B. Kielholz, Executive Vice Chairman, and John R. Coomber, who 
was Chief Executive Officer until 31 December 2005, may not be considered independ-
ent under the applicable criteria.

Information about managerial positions and significant business connections 
of non-executive directors
With the exception of Walter B. Kielholz, all members of the Board of Directors are non-
executive. One of these 11 non-executive directors, John R. Coomber, was a member 
of Swiss Re’s executive management and CEO until 31 December 2005. Therefore, he 
cannot be considered independent although he has a non-executive status. Of the other 
ten non-executive directors, none has ever held a management position in the Group.

No director has any significant business connection with Swiss Re or any of its Group 
companies.

Peter Forstmoser
Peter Forstmoser
Chairman, non-executive and
Chairman, non-executive and
independent
independent

Mr Forstmoser, a Swiss citizen born in 1943, received a doctorate in law from the 
 University of Zurich in 1970, became an attorney-at-law in 1971 and earned a master’s 
degree in law from Harvard Law School in 1972.

Mr Forstmoser has been a law professor at the University of Zurich since 1974 and 
a partner of Niederer Kraft & Frey, Attorneys, in Zurich, since 1975. Mr Forstmoser was 
elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 1990. His mandate was renewed in 1994 and 
1998, each time for a further four years. The Board of Directors elected him Chairman on 
30 June 2000. He was re-elected in 2002 and 2006 for further four-year terms.

Mr Forstmoser is also chairman of the board of directors of Hesta AG and Hesta Tex AG, 
Zug, and a member of the boards of Mikron Holding AG, Biel, Bank Hofmann AG, Zurich 
(until January 2007), Ernst Basler AG, Zollikon, Remer Holding AG, Ennetbaden, and 
Hyos Invest Holding AG, Zurich. 

Mr Forstmoser is the author of numerous publications on business law, company law, 
capital markets law and data protection law. In the context of corporate and investment 
fund legislation, he has been engaged in numerous expert committees, some of which 
he presided as chairman. In addition, he frequently acts as an arbitrator in international 
law disputes.

Walter B. Kielholz
Walter B. Kielholz
Executive Vice Chairman
Executive Vice Chairman

Mr Kielholz, a Swiss citizen born in 1951, studied business administration at the Univer-
sity of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and graduated in 1976 with a master’s degree in business 
finance and accounting.

Mr Kielholz’s career began at the General Reinsurance Corporation, Zurich. After work-
ing in the US, the UK and Italy, he assumed responsibility for the company’s European 
marketing. In 1986 he joined Credit Suisse, Zurich, responsible for client relations with 
large insurance groups in the multinational services department.

At the beginning of 1989, Mr Kielholz joined Swiss Re, Zurich. He became a member 
of the Executive Board in January 1993 and was Swiss Re’s Chief Executive Officer from

74  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

1 January 1997 to 31 December 2002. In June 1998 he was elected to Swiss Re’s Board 
of Directors, which at the same time appointed him Executive Director. His mandate 
was renewed for a further four-year period in 2002 and 2006. Mr Kielholz was appoint-
ed Executive Vice Chairman with effect from 1 January 2003.

Mr Kielholz was elected to the board of directors of Credit Suisse Group in 1999. Since
1 January 2003 he has been Chairman of that company’s board of directors.

In addition, Mr Kielholz is a member of the European Financial Roundtable (EFR) and 
president of the International Monetary Conference. Mr Kielholz is also chairman of the 
supervisory board of Avenir Suisse, a member of the board and the committee of the 
Swiss Business Federation (economiesuisse) and a member of the Center for Strategic 
and International Studies (CSIS), a US-based think tank. In 2005, he was elected to 
the Insurance Hall of Fame, which honours individuals who have exercised substantial 
 influence on the insurance industry for the benefit of society.

Furthermore, Mr Kielholz is a member of the Society of Zurich Friends of the Arts and 
chairman of the Zurich Art Society.

Jakob Baer
Jakob Baer
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Baer, a Swiss citizen born in 1944, became an attorney-at-law in 1971 and 
graduated from the University of Bern in 1973 with a doctorate in law.

Mr Baer began his career in the legal department of the Federal Finance Administration. 
In 1975, he joined Fides Trust Company. Following the successful planning and execu-
tion of a management buyout of Fides’ advisory business, he became a member of the 
management board of KPMG Switzerland in 1992. In 1994, he was appointed CEO of 
KPMG Switzerland and a member of KPMG’s European and international management 
boards. He retired from KPMG in September 2004, having reached the statutory retire-
ment age.

Mr Baer was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in May 2005. He also serves on 
the boards of directors of Adecco S.A., Chéserex, Rieter Holding AG, Winterthur, Allreal 
Holding AG, Baar, Emmentalische Mobiliar Versicherungs-Gesellschaft, Konolfingen, 
and IFBC – Integrated Financial Business Consulting AG, Zurich.

Thomas W. Bechtler
Thomas W. Bechtler
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Bechtler, a Swiss citizen born in 1949, received a doctorate in law from the University 
of Zurich in 1973 and a master’s degree in law from Harvard Law School in 1975.

Mr Bechtler has been chief executive officer of Hesta AG as well as Hesta Tex AG, Zug, 
since 1982.

Mr Bechtler joined Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in November 1993. His mandate 
was renewed in 1997, 2001 and 2005, each time for a further four years. Mr Bechtler 
also serves on the boards of directors of Credit Suisse Group, Zurich, Bucher Industries,
Niederweningen, Sika AG, Baar, and Conzzeta Holding, Zurich. From 1987 to 1999, 
he served as chairman of “Swisscontact”, a large Swiss development foundation, and 
from 1987 to 2002 as chairman of the Zurich Art Society. Since 2005 he has been 
chairman of the Zurich committee of Human Rights Watch.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  75

Governance Corporate governance

Raymund Breu
Raymund Breu
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Breu, a Swiss citizen born in 1945, graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology (ETH) in Zurich with a doctorate in mathematics.

Mr Breu is Chief Financial Officer of the Novartis Group and a member of the company’s 
executive committee, positions he assumed when Novartis was created in December 
1996. He joined the group treasury of Sandoz, a predecessor company of Novartis, 
in 1975. Ten years later, he was appointed CFO of Sandoz Corporation in New York. In 
1990, he became group treasurer of Sandoz Ltd, and, in 1993, head of group finance 
and a member of the Sandoz executive board.

Mr Breu was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 2003 for a four year term of 
 office. He will stand for re-election at the Annual General Meeting of 20 April 2007. 
Mr Breu is also a member of the board of directors of the SWX Swiss Exchange and 
its admission panel as well as a member of the Swiss Takeover Board.

John R. Coomber
John R. Coomber
Non-executive director
Non-executive director

Mr Coomber, a British citizen born in 1949, graduated in theoretical mechanics from 
Nottingham University in 1970.

Mr Coomber started his career with the Phoenix Insurance Company. He joined Swiss Re 
in 1973. Having qualified as an actuary in 1974, he first specialised in the company’s 
life reinsurance. He was Swiss Re (UK)’s appointed actuary from 1983 to 1990. In 1987, 
he assumed responsibility for the life division and, in 1993, was made head of the com-
pany’s UK operations. Mr Coomber was appointed member of the Executive Board in
April 1995, responsible for the Group’s Life & Health Division. In June 2000, he became
a member of the Executive Committee. He was Swiss Re’s Chief Executive Officer from
1 January 2003 through 31 December 2005, when he retired after 33 years of employ-
ment with Swiss Re.

Mr Coomber was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors at the Extraordinary General 
Meeting of 27 February 2006 for a term ending at the AGM of 2009. Mr Coomber 
also serves as a member of the supervisory board of Euler Hermes, Paris, as a director 
of Pension Insurance Corporation Holdings LLP and as a trustee of The Climate Group.

Dennis D. Dammerman
Dennis D. Dammerman
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Dammerman, a US citizen born in 1945, graduated with a Bachelor of Science from 
the University of Dubuque, Iowa, US in 1967.

Mr Dammerman began his professional career with General Electric in the Financial 
Management Program at GE Appliances. In 1984, he became senior vice president 
 finance of General Electric Company. He was elected to the company’s board of directors 
in December 1994 and was subsequently appointed vice chairman of the board, at the 
same time remaining an executive officer of GE and a member of the corporate executive 
office. He also served as chairman of GE Capital Services. At the end of 2005, he retired 
from all General Electric positions.

Mr Dammerman was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors at the Extraordinary 
 General Meeting of 27 February 2006 for a term ending at the AGM of 2009. He also 
serves as a non-executive director of BlackRock Inc., New York. In addition, he is a mem-
ber of the board of trustees of Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York.

76  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

Rajna Gibson Brandon
Rajna Gibson Brandon
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Ms Gibson, a Swiss citizen born in 1962, studied business and economics at the 
 Uni versity of Geneva, graduating with a BA in 1982 and a PhD in economics and 
social sciences in 1987.

Ms Gibson has been a professor of financial economics at the Swiss Banking Institute
of the University of Zurich since March 2000. Ms Gibson was previously a professor 
of finance at the University of Lausanne. She is also a director of the National Centre of 
Competence in Research (NCCR) “Financial Valuation and Risk Management” research 
network, and an adviser to scientific councils of various educational institutions. She 
was a member of the Swiss Federal Banking Commission until the end of 2004.

Ms Gibson was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in June 2000. Her mandate 
was renewed in 2004 for a further four-year term.

Bénédict G.F. Hentsch
Bénédict G.F. Hentsch
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Hentsch, a Swiss citizen born in 1948, studied business administration at the 
University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, graduating in 1972 with a master’s degree in 
business finance and accounting.

Mr Hentsch was a general partner of Darier Hentsch & Cie, Private Bankers, Geneva
from 1985 until 2001. He chaired the Swiss Private Bankers Association from 1998
until 2001. In 2004, he founded GEM – Global Estate Managers – as well as Banque 
Bénédict Hentsch & Cie S.A., both entities dedicated to global wealth management.

Mr Hentsch was elected to Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 1993. His mandate was
renewed in 1997, 2001 and 2005, each time for a further four-year term. He is also 
a member of the board of the ISC Foundation and the MLE-Foundation, both at the 
University of St. Gallen.

Robert A. Scott
Robert A. Scott
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Scott, a British and Australian citizen born in 1942, was educated at Scots College, 
Wellington, New Zealand. He has been a Senior Associate of the Australian and New 
Zealand Institute of Insurance and Finance (ANZIIF) since 1965 and was made a Com-
mander of the British Empire (CBE) in 2002.

Mr Scott is a retired group chief executive of CGNU plc, now Aviva. In the 1990s, he was 
group chief executive of General Accident and, following the merger with Commercial 
Union in 1998, was appointed group chief executive of CGU plc. Following the merger in 
2000 with Norwich Union, Mr Scott became group chief executive of CGNU plc, retiring 
in May 2001. Mr Scott was also chairman of the Association of British Insurers in 2000–
2001, and a board member in the previous four years.

Mr Scott joined Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 2002 for a four-year term. He was  
re-elected for a further four-year term in 2006. Mr Scott is also chairman of the board of 
 directors of Yell Group plc, and a non-executive director of the Royal Bank of Scotland 
Group plc and Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group plc. In addition, he is an adviser to Duke 
Street Capital and Pension Insurance Corporation Holdings LLP.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  77

Governance Corporate governance

John F. Smith, Jr.
John F. Smith, Jr.
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Smith, a US and Swiss citizen born in 1938, received a Bachelor of Business 
 Ad ministration from the University of Massachusetts in 1960 and a Master of Business
Administration from Boston University in 1965.

Mr Smith joined General Motors Corporation, Detroit, in 1961. He became the company’s 
president in 1992, a position he held until 1998. He served as chief executive officer 
from 1992 to 2000 and was chairman of the board of directors from 1996 to April 2003.

Mr Smith joined Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 2003 for a four-year term. He will stand 
for re-election at the Annual General Meeting of 20 April 2007. Mr Smith is also chair-
man of Delta Air Lines and a director of The Procter & Gamble Company. In addition, he 
serves as a member of the chancellor’s executive committee of the University of Massa-
chusetts and as a member of the board of trustees at Boston University.

Kaspar Villiger
Kaspar Villiger
Non-executive and independent director
Non-executive and independent director

Mr Villiger, a Swiss citizen born in 1941, graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology (ETH) in Zurich with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1966.

As an entrepreneur, Mr Villiger co-owned and managed two businesses from 1966 until 
1989. Simultaneously, Mr Villiger had several political positions, first in the parliament 
of canton Lucerne and, from 1982, in the Swiss Federal Parliament. He became a Feder-
al Councillor in 1989. He initially served as Defence Minister, with responsibility for the 
Federal Military Department. He then became Finance Minister in 1995, being in charge 
of the Federal Department of Finance until the end of 2003. Mr Villiger was President 
of the Swiss Confederation in 1995 and 2002.

Mr Villiger joined Swiss Re’s Board of Directors in 2004 for a four-year term. He also 
serves as non-executive director on the boards of Nestlé SA, Vevey, and the newspaper 
“Neue Zürcher Zeitung”, Zurich.

Changes in the course of the business year 2006
George L. Farr, who was a non-executive and independent director since 1996, passed 
away on 5 November 2006. Swiss Re’s Board of Directors and executive management 
highly appreciated Mr Farr’s outstanding commitment and exceptional contribution to 
Swiss Re.

Nominations for the election to be held at the Annual General Meeting of 20 April 
2007
The Board of Directors has decided to nominate the following candidates for re-election 
to the Board:



Raymund Breu, for a further four-year term;
John F. Smith, Jr., for a one-year term, in consideration of his age.

The Board of Directors has further decided to nominate the following candidate for first 
time election to the Board:


Hans Ulrich Maerki, a Swiss citizen, born on 15 November 1946, currently Chairman 
of IBM Europe, Middle East and Africa. Mr Maerki will step down from his executive 
functions with IBM in the course of the first half 2007.

78  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

3.2   Other activities and vested
3.2   Other activities and vested

Please refer to the information provided in each director’s biography on pages 74–78.

interests
interests

3.3  Cross-involvement
3.3  Cross-involvement

3.4  Elections and term of office
3.4  Elections and term of office

Cross-involvement refers to interlocking memberships between the boards of directors of 
two or more listed companies. According to the relevant SWX commentary, the mere 
fact that a given person holds a seat on the boards of two listed companies is alone suffi-
cient to invoke the obligation to disclose such an interlocking directorate. Pursuant to 
such definition, the following cross-involvements existed on 31 December 2006:

Peter Forstmoser, Chairman, is also a director of Mikron Holding AG.

Walter B. Kielholz, Executive Vice Chairman, is also chairman of the board of directors 
of Credit Suisse Group.

Jakob Baer, Director, is also a director and chairman of the audit committees of Adecco 
SA and Allreal Holding AG, as well as a director of Rieter Holding AG.

Thomas W. Bechtler, Director, is also a director of Bucher Industries, Conzzeta Holding, 
Credit Suisse Group and Sika AG.

Dennis D. Dammerman, Director, is also director of BlackRock Inc.

Robert A. Scott, Director, is also chairman of the board of directors of Yell Group plc and 
director of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc and Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group plc.

John F. Smith, Jr., Director, is also chairman of the board of directors of Delta Air Lines 
and a director of The Procter & Gamble Company.

Kaspar Villiger, Director, is also a director of Nestlé.

Principles of the election procedure and term limits
The term of office of a directorship is four years in principle. It usually begins with the 
date of election by a General Meeting of shareholders and ends on the fourth subse-
quent Annual General Meeting. Members whose term has expired are immediately 
 eligible for re-election. Each proposed election and re-election is substantiated by 
the Chairman at the General Meeting and is separately voted upon.

The age limit is 70. Members who reach the age of 70 during a regular term of office 
shall tender their resignation at the Annual General Meeting following the attainment 
of that age.

First election and remaining term of each director
Please refer to the table at the beginning of section 3, Board of Directors.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  79

Governance Corporate governance

3.5  Internal organisational structure
3.5  Internal organisational structure

80  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

The organisational structure is laid down in the Corporate Bylaws, which also define the 
responsibilities of the Board of Directors, its committees, the executive management 
as well as the reporting procedures. Given their significance, the Corporate Bylaws are 
reviewed annually by both the Governance Committee and the full Board for considera-
tion of expediency as well as compliance with domestic and applicable international 
laws, regulations and best practice standards.

a. Allocation of tasks within the Board of Directors
Chairman of the Board of Directors
The Chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) exercises ultimate supervision 
of the executive management on behalf of the Board; he usually attends the meetings 
of the Executive Committee and the Executive Board and receives all related documenta-
tion and minutes; together with the Chairman of the Audit Committee, he is responsible 
for Group Internal Audit; he appoints its head, subject to confirmation by the Audit Com-
mittee, and determines his or her compensation; he convenes meetings of the Board 
and its committees; he makes preparations for, and presides at, the meetings of the 
Board; he presides at the General Meetings of shareholders; he ensures adequate report-
ing to the Board by the Board committees, the Executive Committee and the Executive 
Board; he coordinates the activities of the Board committees; he receives comments 
from the directors as to the Board’s performance and reports annually to the Board with 
an assessment of the Board’s performance; he represents the Group in matters involving 
shareholders; in cases of doubt, he makes decisions concerning the authority of the 
Board or its committees and about the application and interpretation of the Corporate 
Bylaws.

Executive Vice Chairman
The Executive Vice Chairman liaises between the Board and executive management 
in matters not reserved to the Chairman; he may attend the meetings of the Executive 
 Committee and the Executive Board and receives the relevant documentation and min-
utes. Other responsibilities include supervising management’s preparation and execution 
of Board resolutions in operational matters, supervising management’s development 
of Group strategies and overseeing management development for the Group’s senior 
executives.

b. Committees of the Board of Directors: members, tasks and responsibilities
General provisions for all committees
The Board may delegate certain responsibilities, including the preparation and execution 
of its resolutions, to committees or the Executive Vice Chairman. Any such committee 
or the Executive Vice Chairman must keep the Board apprised on a timely basis of ac-
tions and determinations.

The committees may conduct or authorise special investigations at any time and at their 
full discretion into any matters within their respective scope of responsibilities, as laid 
down in their respective charters of duties, thereby taking into consideration relevant 
peer group practice and general best practice. They are empowered to retain independ-
ent counsel, accountants or other experts if deemed necessary, including for purposes 
of benchmarking best practice, and shall receive appropriate funding for payment 
of compensation to such outside advisors.

Governance Corporate governance

Audit Committee
Members
Jakob Baer, Chair
Raymund Breu
Rajna Gibson Brandon
Robert A. Scott
John F. Smith, Jr.

Independence and other qualifications
All members of the Audit Committee must be non-executive and independent. In addi-
tion to the independence criteria applicable for the Board members, members of the
Audit Committee may not accept any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee 
from the company. All members must be financially literate. At least one member must 
have the attributes qualifying such member as an Audit Committee Financial Expert
as determined by the Board. Furthermore, Audit Committee members should not serve 
on audit committees of more than two other listed companies.

Tasks and responsibilities
The central task of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight
responsibilities as they relate to the integrity of the Group’s financial statements, the 
Group’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the external auditor’s quali-
fications and independence, and the performance of the Group’s internal audit function 
and its external auditor.

The Committee serves as an independent and objective monitor of the Group’s financial 
reporting process and system of internal control, and facilitates ongoing communication 
between the external auditor, management, Group Internal Audit and the Board with 
 regard to the Group’s financial position and affairs. The Audit Committee reviews its own 
performance annually.

More specific duties and responsibilities of the Committee are listed in its charter 
of duties.

Compensation Committee
Members
Robert A. Scott, Chair (from 8 December 2006, previously George L. Farr)
Thomas W. Bechtler
Raymund Breu (from 8 December 2006)
Dennis D. Dammerman

Independence
All members of the Compensation Committee must be non-executive and independent.

Tasks and responsibilities
Formerly known as the Compensation and Appointments Committee, the Compensation 
Committee was renamed in February 2007, when personnel matters were transferred 
to the Governance Committee (the former Governance and Shareholder Relations Com-
mittee). Its charter of duties was amended accordingly. The tasks and responsibilites 
 outlined below reflect the current status.

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82  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

The Compensation Committee oversees the development of a set of compensation 
principles, submits them to the Board for approval, monitors adherence to such princi-
ples and regularly discusses their appropriateness; it keeps itself informed of industry 
and peer compensation practice; it recommends to the Board the remuneration of the 
members of the Board other than the Chairman and the Executive Vice Chairman; 
it determines the compensation of the Chairman, the Executive Vice Chairman, the 
CEO and the members of executive management on the basis of their performance; 
it determines the total amount for bonus payments, related deferral plans and long-term 
incentive plans on the basis of achieved performance; it reviews and approves the 
Group’s compensation and pension plans; it ensures compliance with any remuneration 
disclosure requirements; it approves employment contracts with the Chairman, the 
 Executive Vice Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer and the members of executive 
management; it also reviews its own performance annually.

Finance and Risk Committee
Members
John R. Coomber, Chair (from 1 March 2006, previously Rajna Gibson Brandon)
Jakob Baer
Dennis D. Dammerman (from 1 March 2006)
Rajna Gibson Brandon
Walter B. Kielholz
Robert A. Scott
Kaspar Villiger

Tasks and responsibilities
This Committee oversees risk management, approves the fundamental risk management 
principles, reviews their implementation, and the appropriateness of the Group’s risk 
management framework and its implementation. It reviews, and makes recommenda-
tions in respect of, the Group’s risk strategy proposed by management, it evaluates 
the bases on which the Board determines the overall risk tolerance and the risk appetite 
for the Group’s most significant risk taking activities, and it also reviews the strategic 
 asset allocation and its conformity with the risk tolerance level as determined by the 
Board; in respect of risk controlling, it reviews the methodology for risk measurement, the 
results of risk-adjusted capital calculations and the most significant risk exposures and 
their limits, and it receives reports on the Group-wide use of derivative instruments; in 
 respect of the balance sheet, it reviews the valuation of assets and liabilities for econom-
ic, accounting and regulatory purposes, and the treasury strategy; it reviews capital ade-
quacy, the ratings received from the rating agencies, and management’s reaction and 
recommendations thereto; and it reviews the Group’s integrated portfolio risk manage-
ment activities. The Finance and Risk Committee reviews its own performance annually.

Governance Committee
Members
Peter Forstmoser, Chair
Dennis D. Dammerman (from 1 March 2006)
Benedict G. F. Hentsch
Walter B. Kielholz
John F. Smith, Jr.
Kaspar Villiger

Governance Corporate governance

Tasks and responsibilities
Formerly known as the Governance and Shareholder Relations Committee, the Govern-
ance Committee was renamed in February 2007. The committee is now also respon-
sible for personnel matters which used to be the duty of the former Compensation and 
 Appointments Committee. The charter of the Governance Committee was amended 
 accordingly. The tasks and reponsibilites outlined below reflect the current status.

The Committee keeps itself informed on corporate governance developments; it meas-
ures the Group’s governance against relevant best practice standards and informs the 
Board of its findings and emerging trends; it makes proposals that ensure an adequate 
size and a well-balanced composition of the Board and further ensures that a majority 
of the Board is independent; it evaluates candidates for Board membership and makes 
recommendations to the Board; it evaluates proposals made to the Board for the appoint-
ment and removal of members of executive management; it ensures the effectiveness 
of executive succession and emergency planning processes; it ensures compliance with 
corporate governance disclosure requirements; it annually reviews the company’s 
 Articles of Association and the Corporate Bylaws and informs the Board of its findings 
and proposals; it reviews the Group’s communication policy; it periodically reviews the 
Group’s guiding principles, the corporate citizenship activities and the corporate sus-
tainability plan; it monitors investor relations activities and the relationship with rating 
agencies; it examines how public reports are perceived, especially with regard to
whether they fulfil the needs and expectations of international investors; it monitors the 
shareholder structure; it has initial responsibility for assessing any merger and take-over 
proposals submitted to the Group; it has initial responsibility for reviewing material 
 transactions with any of the Group’s significant shareholders; and it establishes a proce-
dure for the directors to comment on the Board’s performance. The Governance Commit-
tee reviews its own performance annually.

c. Work methods of the Board of Directors and its committees
In 2006, the Board had six regular meetings on two consecutive days. The first day is 
 reserved for committee meetings, while on the second day the full Board meets for as 
long as required, usually the whole day. The regular meetings are typically held in early 
and late February, April, June, September and December. Additional meetings were 
called at short notice if and when required. Each of the regular Board meetings has 
a special focus, broadly determined by Swiss Re’s reporting schedule, and including 
such topics as strategic issues, financial statements, analysis of internal results, the 
 medium-term business plan, and corporate governance. Meeting invitations and agendas 
are  delivered to the directors about 10 days before the meetings together with written 
materials, including recent financial information, to permit meaningful preparation.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  83

Governance Corporate governance

3.6  Definition of areas of responsibility
3.6  Definition of areas of responsibility

84  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

In 2006, the following meetings were held:

Dates
1 February
2/3 February
28 February/1 March
10 April
19/20 April
27 April
8/9 June
15–17 June
21 July

3 August

14/15 September

28 September

10 November

30 November

7/8 December

¹  Board of Directors 
²  Audit Committee 
³  Compensation Committee

CC3
regular

regular

FRC4

GC5

regular
regular

regular

regular

regular

regular

regular

extra

regular

BoD1

AC2

regular
regular
extra
regular
extra
extra
regular

regular

extra

regular
regular
regular
regular

extra

regular

regular

extra

extra

regular

regular

regular

regular

4  Finance and Risk Committee
5  Governance Committee

Normally, the members of the Executive Committee attend the meetings of the Board 
in an advisory capacity. Attendance at committee meetings is normally restricted to 
those members of executive management with the information and expertise required 
for the relevant committee to perform its duties. The Head of Group Internal Audit and at 
least the two head auditors of the external auditor regularly participate in Audit Commit-
tee meetings.

The average attendance rate at the regular Board meetings was 98.7% throughout the 
year. Including the extraordinary meetings that were convened at relatively short notice, 
the average attendance rate was 94.2%.

For every meeting, it is contemplated that an executive session be held for discussions 
between the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, discussions involving all 
members of the Board, or discussions among the independent members of the Board,
as the case may be.

Swiss Re’s Board of Directors has delegated the responsibility for managing the Group’s 
operations to the Executive Committee (see section 4 below). In 2006, it comprised
seven members. The Executive Committee has, as a rule, two meetings per month,
except when the Executive Board meets and in holiday seasons. In 2006, the Executive 
Committee met 32 times; it involved the members of the larger Executive Board in 16 of 
these meetings, some of which extended to two or more consecutive days. One meeting 
to consider strategic issues was held over a period of four days.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

In addition to its overall responsibility for the operational management of the Group, 
the Executive Committee has, inter alia, the following specific key responsibilities:


Submits proposals to the Board of Directors relating to all matters within the Board’s 
responsibilities, for the Board’s consideration, such as the Group strategy, the business 
plan, risk tolerances, accounting principles and financial statements;
Approves the strategies, structures and business plans of the global functions and 
 divisions;
Establishes principles on financing through capital markets, financing Group compa-
nies and the allocation of financial resources within the Group;
Decides on individual debt issuances and credit facilities;
Establishes the performance targets for the Group, the global functions and the 
 divisions, monitors performance and takes any necessary action;
Forms Group Committees, delegates to them authorities and responsibilities, and 
 issues binding Group guidelines;
Decides on the underwriting authority of the business functions and divisions, and on 
individual reinsurance transactions exceeding their underwriting authority;
Exercises oversight responsibilities in respect of the Group‘s internal control evaluation 
and certification process;
Oversees the implementation of Group compliance procedures, monitors remediation 
of identified regulatory and compliance deficiencies and ensures that appropriate risk 
management committees are constituted;
Assumes responsibility for personnel planning and management development of the 
Group, decides on promotions to or removals of Managing Directors, and appoints the 
Responsible Actuary.


















The Executive Committee is supported by the larger Executive Board made up of
21 senior executive officers (including the seven members of the Executive Committee). 
All members of the Executive Board are appointed by the Board of Directors upon recom-
mendation of the Chief Executive Officer and after consultation with the Governance 
Committee. The Executive Board has two objectives:


Defines the most senior management team with direct accountability and responsibili-
ty for divisions; and
Acts as a sounding board for strategic development and discussion, and tables Group-
wide issues such as the business plan.



3.7   Information and control
3.7   Information and control

instruments of the Board vis-à-vis 
instruments of the Board vis-à-vis 
executive management
executive management

a. Participation of Board members at meetings of executive management
Both the Chairman of the Board and the Executive Vice Chairman are invited to all meet-
ings of the Executive Committee; effectively, the Board of Directors was represented 
at 24 of the 32 meetings. The Chairman of the Board and the Executive Vice Chairman 
 always receive the meeting documentation and minutes.

b.  Involvement of executive management in Board meetings and committee

meetings

As a matter of principle, all members of the Executive Committee are invited to all meet-
ings of the Board of Directors. At the meetings of the Board committees, executive man-
agement members participate in an advisory capacity as follows:

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  85

Governance Corporate governance

86  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Audit Committee 

Jacques Aigrain
Ann F. Godbehere1

Compensation Committee 

Jacques Aigrain

Finance and Risk Committee 

Governance Committee 

¹  Until 28 February 2007

Jacques Aigrain
Roger W. Ferguson
Ann F. Godbehere1
Stefan Lippe
Benjamin Meuli
Christian Mumenthaler

Jacques Aigrain
Ann F. Godbehere1

c. Description of periodic reporting by executive management
At each Board meeting, the “Executive Report” is a standard agenda item, comprising 
a comprehensive CEO report accompanied by reports of the three business function 
heads. In addition, Board members receive a printed Monthly Business Update based 
on the electronic Management Information System.

d. Assurance Framework
Swiss Re’s governing bodies recognise the value of a high quality corporate Assurance 
Framework. As governance and accounting standards continue to evolve, it is essential 
that Swiss Re’s governing bodies strive to have a best in class system of coordinated 
 assurance functions to rely on. Therefore, the corresponding framework is subject to peri-
odic reviews and improvements as required.

Assurance functions in Swiss Re comprise an internal audit organisation, a dedicated 
 organisation that ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as well as 
ethical standards, a risk management system designed for the size, complexity and risk 
profile of the company, and a specially qualified external auditor.

d1. Group Internal Audit
Group Internal Audit (GIA) is an independent, objective assurance and consulting func-
tion performing activities designed to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the 
Group‘s internal control systems, and add value through improving the Group‘s opera-
tions. GIA helps the Group accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined 
approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and 
governance processes.

GIA staff govern themselves in accordance with the Code of Ethics established by the
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). The IIA’s “International Standards for the Professional 
Practice of Internal Auditing” constitute the operating guidance for the department. 
In addition, GIA adheres to the Group’s guidelines and procedures, as well as to GIA’s 
own manuals and guidelines governing its organisation and processes.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

Authority is granted for full, free and unrestricted access to any and all of the Group’s 
property and personnel relevant to any function under review. All employees are required 
to assist GIA in fulfilling their duty. Documents and information provided to GIA will be 
handled prudently, respecting their confidentially as defined by the function which has 
ownership of the information.

GIA performs its internal audit activities with independence and objectivity. Activities
are coordinated with the other assurance functions as they are defined in the Assurance 
Framework. Group Internal Audit has no direct operational responsibility or authority over 
any of the activities they review.

The scope of GIA encompasses the examination and evaluation of the adequacy and 
 effectiveness of the Group’s internal controls environment, and the quality of perform-
ance in carrying out assigned responsibilities to achieve the organisation’s goals and 
 objectives. In fulfilling its responsibilities, GIA





submits audit services plans to the Audit Committee for approval;
periodically reports to the Audit Committee;
informs the Audit Committee about significant findings during the year;
provides any additional information requested by the Audit Committee.

d2. Compliance
Compliance at Swiss Re means the upholding of legal, regulatory and ethical standards 
by all staff and all legal entities throughout the Group. The Compliance function accord-
ingly provides and maintains compliance-related policies, procedures, training and moni-
toring regimes designed to ensure that established businesses adhere to established in-
ternal and external rules – laws, regulations, ethical standards – in each location where 
Swiss Re operates. The Compliance Officers, who support and advise management in
its ultimate responsibility to ensure compliance with laws, regulations and ethical stand-
ards, report to the Group Compliance Officer on any instances of non-compliance or
other compliance-relevant matters. External regulatory compliance requirements for 
Swiss Re’s regulated Group companies are addressed by the Head of Legal Entity Com-
pliance. The Group Compliance Officer provides regular compliance reports to the Group 
Audit Committee and the Executive Committee. Swiss Re has developed a Group-wide 
Code of Conduct (see: swissre.com/About Us/Corporate governance/Regulations), 
which lays down the Group’s core principles and values, and offers guidance on how 
to apply these in all business activities. The Code of Conduct also sets out certain behav-
ioural standards which all Swiss Re employees are expected to maintain. A Group Com-
pliance Programme defines the accountabilities and duties of both management and 
Compliance Officers at Swiss Re. Training for staff and Compliance Officers is carried out 
regularly at both local and Group level to ensure ongoing best practice in compliance 
matters throughout the Group. Within the Group’s Assurance Framework, Compliance 
takes on a specialist risk controlling and reporting function; accordingly, each Compli-
ance Officer conducts periodic compliance risk assessments and advises management 
on appropriate compliance control measures. Compliance interacts closely with Group 
Regulatory Affairs (see below) and various other control functions, typically Operational 
Risk Management and Group Internal Audit, as well as with many middle office func-
tions.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  87

Governance Corporate governance

d3. Regulatory Affairs
Vested within Group Finance and headed by the Chief Regulatory Officer, Swiss Re has 
established a Group Regulatory Affairs function and a Group Regulatory Affairs Network 
to support the Group in monitoring regulatory developments with a Group impact and 
ensure a consistent approach to the external communication of regulatory matters. 
Group Regulatory Affairs assumes a coordinating role in preparing Swiss Re to address 
and steer current and emerging regulatory reporting standards as well as regulatory
capital requirements. Its tasks include ensuring a consistent representation of Swiss Re’s 
regulatory interests at all levels, preparing and coordinating Swiss Re’s strategic regula-
tory positions, and leading major regulatory implementations. The Group Regulatory 
Committee steers the activities and initiatives of Group Regulatory Affairs, and decides 
on Swiss Re’s regulatory positions.

d4. Risk Management
For the risk management organisation and its responsibilities, please see the detailed 
section on pages 54–55 of the Annual Report.

d5. External auditor
Please refer to section 8.4.

e. Description of the Management Information System (MIS)
Members of the Board of Directors have access to a protected Internet site which offers 
a variety of information. The site includes a comprehensive electronic Management 
Information System (MIS). The MIS provides a strategic dashboard, an overview of the 
current status of strategic initiatives, the current financial performance, information on 
risk and capital management aspects, an analysis of the competitive landscape, and in-
formation on Swiss Re shares. Further sections supply detailed information on Swiss Re’s 
business and corporate functions.

4  Executive management

4.1   Members of the Executive
4.1   Members of the Executive

Membership as at 31 December 2006

Committee
Committee

Name
Jacques Aigrain

Nationality
Swiss and French

Ann F. Godbehere

Canadian and British

Christian Mumenthaler

Swiss

Michel M. Liès

Stefan Lippe

Roger W. Ferguson 

Andreas Beerli

Luxembourg

German

US

Swiss

Age
52

51

37

52

51

54

55

Function
Chief Executive Officer

Chief Financial Officer

Chief Risk Officer

Head of Client Markets

Head of Products

Head of Financial Services

Chief Operating Officer

Jacques Aigrain
Jacques Aigrain
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Executive Officer
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Mr Aigrain, a Swiss and French citizen born in 1954, received a PhD in economics
in 1981 from the Sorbonne in France and a master’s degree in economics from Paris-
Dauphine University.

Mr Aigrain started his career with JP Morgan in 1981 and had various functions in in-
vestment banking in London, Paris and New York. Immediately prior to joining Swiss Re, 

88  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

he was a managing director and a member of JP Morgan‘s investment banking manage-
ment committee, where he was co-head of client coverage.

In June 2001, he joined Swiss Re as Head of the Financial Services Business Group 
and member of the Executive Committee. In August 2004, the Board of Directors 
 appointed Mr Aigrain Deputy CEO in addition to his Financial Services role, a task that 
 included a number of coordination functions across the firm, in particular Regulatory 
 Affairs. He was appointed CEO with effect from 1 January 2006.

Mr Aigrain is a member of the board of directors of Swiss International Air Lines Ltd.,
Basel, a member of the board of the International Association for the Study of Insurance 
Economics, Geneva (“The Geneva Association”) and a member of various advisory com-
mittees of a regional or financial nature.

Ms Godbehere, a Canadian and British citizen born in 1955, qualified as a Certified 
 General Accountant in Canada in 1984 and became a fellow of the Certified General 
 Accountant‘s Association in 2003. She started her career with Sun Life of Canada in 
1976 in Montreal, Canada. She joined the Mercantile & General Reinsurance Group in 
1981, where she held several management roles, including Senior Vice President and 
Controller for both the life and health, and property and casualty businesses throughout 
North America.

Ms Godbehere joined Swiss Re in 1996, following the acquisition of the Mercantile  
& General Group. Until 1998, she held a number of senior positions in Swiss Re 
Life & Health North America, the last of which being Chief Executive Officer of Swiss Re 
Life & Health Canada. From 1998 to 2001, she was the Chief Financial Officer of the 
Life & Health Business Group based in London and, from 2002 to 2003, Chief Financial 
Officer of the Property & Casualty Business Group based in Zurich.

On 1 April 2003, Ms Godbehere was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Swiss Re 
Group and became a member of the Executive Committee. In December 2006, it was 
announced that she would leave Swiss Re at the end of February 2007.

Ms Godbehere is also a board member of IMD, the Swiss based international business 
school.

Ann F. Godbehere
Ann F. Godbehere
Chief Financial Officer, Head of Global
Chief Financial Officer, Head of Global
Finance (until 28 February 2007)
Finance (until 28 February 2007)
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Christian Mumenthaler
Christian Mumenthaler
Chief Risk Officer, Head of Global Risk 
Chief Risk Officer, Head of Global Risk 
Management
Management
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Mr Mumenthaler, a Swiss citizen born in 1969, received a PhD from the Institute 
of Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in 
Zurich. He started his professional career in 1997 as an Associate at the Boston Consult-
ing Group before joining Swiss Re in 1999 as manager in Group Strategic Planning.

Between 1999 and 2002, Mr Mumenthaler was responsible for a number of key compa-
ny projects, including securitisation solutions for the Group. In 2002, he established a 
new unit, Group Retro & Syndication, which was responsible for optimising the Group‘s 
risk and capital base through retrocession and securitisation. He was appointed Group 
Chief Risk Officer and Head of Risk & Knowledge Division effective 1 January 2005. At 
the same time, he became a member of the Executive Committee. In September 2005, 
he became Head of Global Risk Management.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  89

Governance Corporate governance

Michel M. Liès
Michel M. Liès
Head of Client Markets
Head of Client Markets
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Mr Mumenthaler’s commitments in organisations outside Swiss Re include member-
ships in the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) as Vice Chairman, the World 
Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the Young Global Leaders 
at the World Economic Forum (WEF).

Mr Liès, a citizen of Luxembourg born in 1954, gained a degree in mathematics from the 
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich in 1974.

In 1978, he joined the Life department of Swiss Re in Zurich and was mainly active in the 
Latin American market. From 1983 to 1993, he was responsible for France and the Iberi-
an Peninsula, and coordinated Swiss Re‘s life strategy across the European Community.

In 1994, he transferred to the non-life sector of the Southern Europe / Latin America 
 department, where he was initially responsible for the Spanish market. He was appoint-
ed head of the same department at the beginning of 1997. He became a member of
the Executive Board and Head of Latin America Division in 1998. On 1 April 2000, he 
was named Head of Europe Division and from 2002 to the end of 2004 he assumed the 
role of Chief Executive Officer of Swiss Re Germany. He was appointed to his current 
 position in September 2005.

Mr Liès is a member of the board of the Swiss Insurance Association.

Stefan Lippe
Stefan Lippe
Head of Products
Head of Products
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Mr Lippe, a German citizen born in 1955, graduated in mathematics and business 
 administration from the University of Mannheim in 1982. He obtained his doctorate in 
1982 while working as scientific assistant to the chair of insurance business manage-
ment, being awarded the Kurt Hamann foundation prize for his thesis.

In October 1983, he joined Bavarian Re as a team member of a business analysis project. 
He was appointed deputy member of the board of management in 1988 and a full mem-
ber in 1991, when he assumed general responsibility for the company‘s operations in the 
German-speaking area. In 1993, he became chairman of the board of management of 
Bavarian Re. Since 2001, he has been chairman of the board of directors of the renamed 
Swiss Re Germany Holding AG.

Mr Lippe was appointed a member of Swiss Re‘s Executive Board in 1995, as Head 
of the Bavarian Re Group. In 2001, he was assigned as Head of the Property & Casualty 
Business Group and appointed a member of the Executive Committee. In September 
2005, he assumed the position of Head of the Products business function.

A US citizen born in 1951, Mr Ferguson received a PhD in economics in 1981, a JD in 
law in 1979 and a BA in economics in 1973, all from Harvard University.

Prior to his employment at Swiss Re, Mr Ferguson served as Vice Chairman of the Board 
of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System from 1999 to 2006 and, from 1984
to 1997, was an Associate and Partner at McKinsey & Company, where he managed 
a variety of studies for financial institutions, and was Director of Research and Informa-
tion Services. From 1981 to 1984, he was an attorney at the New York City office of 
 Davis Polk & Wardwell, where he worked on syndicated loans, public offerings, mergers 
and acquisitions, and new product development.

Roger W. Ferguson
Roger W. Ferguson
Head of Financial Services
Head of Financial Services
(since 3 October 2006)
(since 3 October 2006)
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

90  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Andreas Beerli
Andreas Beerli
Chief Operating Officer
Chief Operating Officer
Member of the Executive Committee
Member of the Executive Committee

Governance Corporate governance

Mr Ferguson joined Swiss Re in June 2006 from the US Federal Reserve Board as 
 Chairman of Swiss Re America Holding. In October 2006, he was appointed Head 
of Financial Services and a member of Swiss Re’s Executive Committee.

Mr Ferguson is a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard University and of the 
Board of Trustees of the Institute for Advanced Study. He is also a member of the Council 
on Foreign Relations and the Group of Thirty.

Mr Beerli, a Swiss citizen born in 1951, graduated in law in 1976 and received a doctor-
ate in law from the University of Basel in 1983. He joined Swiss Re in 1979, serving in 
various marketing functions until 1984. He then worked for Credit Suisse in private bank-
ing and for the Baloise Insurance Group, where he served in the Company’s foreign 
operations.

He rejoined Swiss Re in 1993 as chief of staff. Two years later, he assumed marketing
responsibilities for Austria, Italy and Switzerland. In 1997, he was appointed managing
director of Swiss Re Italia SpA in Rome, successfully restructuring and integrating the 
newly acquired Italian reinsurance company Uniorias. In 1998, he assumed an additional
position as Head of the Global Clients unit. He served as Head of the Americas Division 
from January 2000 to December 2005 and took on a new role as Chief Operating 
Officer on 1 January 2006.

Mr Beerli is the chairman of the Reinsurance Association of America.

Changes in the course of the business year 2006
In April, it was announced that John F. Fitzpatrick would step down with immediate 
 effect as Head of Financial Services and member of the Executive Committee to focus 
on a new project. Jacques Aigrain took on the role of interim head.

In June, the retirement was announced of Jacques E. Dubois as Head of Corporate 
Development and Chairman of Swiss Re America Holding at the end of the year. Roger 
W. Ferguson joined Swiss Re to succeed him as Chairman of Swiss Re America Holding 
and member of the Executive Board; Mr Ferguson was subsequently appointed Head 
of Financial Services and member of the Executive Committee on 3 October 2006.

In December, it was announced that George Quinn would succeed Ann F. Godbehere
as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Committee with effect from
1 March 2007.

George Quinn, a British citizen born in 1966, joined Swiss Re in 1999 from KPMG, where 
he led the team that advised Swiss Re on its Swiss GAAP project from 1996 to 1998.
He was Chief Accounting Officer from 1999 to 2003. From 2003 to 2005, he was Chief 
Financial Officer of the Financial Services Business Group. In 2005, Mr Quinn was also 
appointed Regional Chief Financial Officer for the Americas, based in New York, and 
played a leading role in the integration of Insurance Solutions.

Mr Quinn is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 
and holds a degree in Engineering from the University of Strathclyde. He has represented 
Swiss Re in the Geneva Association‘s accounting task force and the European Insurance 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  91

Governance Corporate governance

4.2   Other activities and vested
4.2   Other activities and vested

interests
interests

CFO Forum. He has also served as a member of the International Accounting Standards 
Board‘s insurance advisory committee.

To the extent that members of the Executive Committee are engaged in activities in 
governing and supervisory bodies, institutions and foundations, or perform permanent 
management and consultancy functions for important interest groups or accepted 
official functions and political posts, such information is included in the curricula vitae 
under 4.1 above.

4.3  Management contracts
4.3  Management contracts

Swiss Re has not entered into reportable management contracts with any third party.

5   Compensation, shareholdings and loans

The Board’s Compensation Committee recommends to the Board the remuneration of 
the members of the Board (other than the Chairman and the Executive Vice Chairman); 
it determines the compensation of the Chairman, the Executive Vice Chairman, the CEO 
and the members of the executive management on the basis of their performance. It also 
ensures the development of a set of Group compensation principles and compliance 
with any remuneration disclosure requirements. The Compensation Committee retained 
Mercer Human Resource Consulting, New York, in the year under review. Mercer attend-
ed the meetings as independent expert providing advice regarding best practice and 
the levels of compensation, including comparisons with a peer group of companies.

The members of the Board of Directors receive an honorarium of CHF 325 000 per 
 annum from 22 April 2006 (previously CHF 250 000 per annum). A minimum of 40% 
of the honorarium must be taken in Swiss Re shares with a four-year deferral period. The 
Chairman of the Board, the Executive Vice Chairman as well as the chairmen of the Audit 
Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Finance and Risk Committee receive 
a higher compensation to reflect their increased responsibilities and engagements. The 
Chairman of the Board and the Executive Vice Chairman are, in addition, eligible for 
a variable payment based on the company’s performance. The non-executive members 
are not eligible for any pension benefits or long-term incentive plans.

The members of the Executive Committee are paid a base salary as well as a variable
annual performance incentive (bonus), and participate in a long-term incentive plan.
The fixed salary is paid in cash, while the bonus consists of a current portion (which can 
be elected either in cash or deferred shares with a blocking period of four years) and a 
delayed portion which is allocated to the Value Alignment Incentive plan (VAI). 45% 
of the bonus for members of the Executive Board and 60% of the bonus for the CEO are 
allo cated to the VAI.

The VAI has been introduced to support Swiss Re’s philosophy of carrying appropriate 
reserves. It links the final bonus to be paid to the development of prior year claims 
over a three-year period. The part of the bonus which is allocated to the VAI is multiplied 
by a factor that varies between 62.5% and 187.5%. The factor is linked to the surplus 
or  deficiency of the claims provisions set at the end of the current financial year after 
a three-year development period. The VAI is paid in cash at the end of the three-year 
 period.

5.1   Content and method of determin-
5.1   Content and method of determin-
ing the compensation and share-
ing the compensation and share-
holding programmes
holding programmes

92  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

5.2   Compensation for acting members 
5.2   Compensation for acting members 

of governing bodies
of governing bodies

Governance Corporate governance

Swiss Re has stopped granting employee stock options on a regular basis. A new Long-
Term Incentive plan (LTI) was introduced in 2006 for a select group of senior executives. 
The plan contains performance criteria based on a matrix of average return on equity 
and compound earnings per share growth over a three-year period. It is therefore aligned 
with shareholder interests. The LTI is denominated in units being the grant amount divid-
ed by the share price at the grant date. This initial grant for the members of the Executive 
Committee, at the date of grant (3 March 2006) was CHF 8.76 million or 97 450 units 
for the year ended 31 December 2006, based on the share price of CHF 89.90 at the 
date of grant. The final payout in 2009 will be the number of units multiplied by the 
share price at the end of the three-year period and by a factor that can vary between 0% 
and 200% based on the matrix of average return on equity and compound earnings per 
share growth over the three-year period.

The Executive Committee’s performance assessment is based on annual objectives 
 involving financial and qualitative elements. The bonuses distributed for a year’s service 
are paid in March of the following year. All amounts disclosed relate to the performance 
year 2006 with some elements credited in March 2007.

The disclosure follows the SWX Directive, which requires differentiation between the 
 executive members of the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee in total and 
the non-executive members of the Board of Directors in total. The 2006 disclosure 
 relates to 9 executive members as opposed to 21 members in 2005. This change to 
the reporting scope was made to better reflect the spirit of the disclosure requirements 
and improve comparability with other firms. Therefore, the 2005 compensation figures 
have been restated in order for them to be comparable to the 2006 figures. This applies 
to the tables shown on page 94.

9 executive members – 1 Executive Vice Chairman and 8 Executive 
Committee members

CHF millions
Base salary and allowances

Variable pay

  Cash bonus (included in variable pay)

  Bonus shares (included in variable pay)

  VAI (included in variable pay)

Compensation due to member leaving1

Subtotal

Actuarial funding of pension benefits
Total

2005
15.09

19.06

11.30

7.76

0.00

0.00

34.15

9.54
43.69

2006
14.23

34.25

19.59

2.62

12.04

6.07

54.55

10.30
64.85

¹ 

 The member who left the Executive Committee in 2006 had an expatriate contract which contained tax equalisation 
provisions between his home country and the country where he resided. The amount is strongly impacted by such tax 
effects, some of which span over several years.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  93

Governance Corporate governance

94  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

In addition, the estimated fair value of the LTI granted to 6 members of the Executive 
Committee was as shown below. This fair value was estimated based upon the actual
results for 2006 and the forecast results for 2007 and 2008. It will change based 
upon the actual results in 2007 and 2008.

CHF millions
LTI granted in year at grant value as of 3 March 2006
LTI granted in year at fair value as of 31 December 20061

¹ 

 The value of the 2006 LTI payout will fluctuate until payment in 2009.

12 non-executive members (2005: 10) – Board of Directors

CHF millions
Honorarium

Cash bonus

Deferred and non-deferred shares

Total

2006
8.76
14.54

2006
2.67

1.00

2.71

6.38

2005
1.92

1.00

2.08

5.00

The bonus shares allotted representing the variable pay shown above are as follows

Share allocation (deferred shares)
9 executive members

12 non-executive members (2005: 10)

Total

2005
101 871

26 252

128 123

2006
31 968

38 090

70 058

All shares awarded to the Executive Committee are subject to a four-year deferral period. 
The bonus plan stipulates that Executive Committee members elect a split between 
cash and shares. The share price of 2 March 2007 will be used to determine the actual 
allocation of these shares. To reflect the deferred nature of these shares, a discount of 6% 
per annum was applied, leading to an estimated value of CHF 82.10, which has been 
used to determine the amount of compensation shown in the table above. This approach 
coincides with the tax treatment of the shares in Switzerland. At the end of the four-year 
deferral period the number of shares awarded is uplifted by 25%.

Members of the Board of Directors receive an honorarium, a mandatory 40% of which
is in the form of shares; the remainder may be taken either in the form of cash or shares 
with a four-year deferral period. The share price at 3 March 2006 of CHF 89.90 has 
been used for calculating the number of shares awarded based upon the amount of the 
honorarium received in shares. The discounted value of CHF 71.20 at 3 March 2006 has 
been used to determine the amount of compensation shown in the table above.

The total shown in the tables above includes all the remuneration components except for 
restricted shares and options, which are shown separately. Cash payments, allowances, 
variable pay, value of preferential rates on loans, other financial benefits, as well as the 
amount of actuarial funding needed for pensions are included in this figure. Swiss Re 
does not have a separate pension plan for members of the governing bodies. Please note 
that the actuarial funding can vary substantially from year to year, depending on age and 
years of service of the benefiting Executive Committee members.

Governance Corporate governance

5.3   Compensation for former
5.3   Compensation for former

members of governing bodies
members of governing bodies

3 executive members
Non-executive members
Total

CHF
162 962
None
162 962

The payments made to former members of the Executive Committee relate to periodic 
services such as representation in boards and associations on behalf of the firm.

5.4   Share allotment in the year under
5.4   Share allotment in the year under

The shares allotted during the year are shown in section 5.2.

review
review

5.5  Share ownership
5.5  Share ownership

7 executive members (as defined in section 5.2) 

11 non-executive members (as defined in section 5.2)

Total

Number of shares held on 31 December 2006
479 804

290 707

770 511

In addition to those shares held by the person in question on the reporting date, share-
holdings consist of any shares held by such person’s spouse, minors, and of directly con-
trolled companies.

5.6  Options and related instruments
5.6  Options and related instruments

Options
Swiss Re no longer grants options on an annual basis. The following options were held 
by members of governing bodies on 31 December 2006.

Executive members

Grant year
1997 (2)

1998 (5)

1999 (5)

2000 (4)

2001 (5)

2002 (7)

2003 (7)

2004 (5)

2005 (4)

67
74
  18 000

91

93 

128

144

152

Exercise price in CHF
181

162

  41 400

  64 200

  90 000

198 500

287 000

245 000

162 000

165 000

In brackets: number of participating members

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

96  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Non-executive members

Grant year
1998 (1)
1999 (1)
2000 (1)
2001 (1)
2002 (1)
2003 (2)
2004 (1)
2005 (2)

78

83

93

128

144

24 000

40 000

120 000

60 000

90 000

In brackets: number of participating members

Exercise price in CHF
186

162

152
11 000

12 000

40 000

All options have a four-year vesting period, during which there is a risk of forfeiture, 
and an exercise period of six years. The exchange ratio is 1:1, ie each option entitles the 
beneficiary to purchase one share at an unadjustable exercise price.

In addition, 100 000 options with a strike price of CHF 94.00 were granted to an execu-
tive member leaving Swiss Re in 2006.

Restricted shares
In 2004 and 2005, the beneficiaries of the option programme received, as an alternative 
to the stock options, the right to opt for restricted shares. The applicable ratio was four 
to one, ie four stock options equalled one restricted share. The restricted shares vest after 
four years. During the vesting period, there is a risk of forfeiture.

Overview of the restricted shares held

Executive members

Grant year
2004 (2)

2005 (5)

In brackets: number of participating members

Non-executive members

Grant year

2004 (1)

2005 (1)

In brackets: number of participating members

Share price in CHF as of date of grant
83

93
8 750

38 750

Share price in CHF as of date of grant

93

83

10 000

5 000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

5.7  Additional fees and remuneration
5.7  Additional fees and remuneration

Under the SWX Directive, Swiss Re is required to disclose the sum of the honorariums 
(eg consultancy fees) and other remunerations billed to Swiss Re or any of its Group 
companies by a member of a governing body, or parties closely linked to such persons 
for additional services performed during the year under review, in the case of sums ex-
ceeding half of the ordinary remuneration of the member in question. No such additional 
payments were made.

5.8   Loans to members of governing
5.8   Loans to members of governing

bodies
bodies

Mortgages and loans to 5 executive members
Mortgages and loans to non-executive members 

CHF millions
12.1
none

All credit is secured against real estate or pledged shares. The terms and conditions 
of loans and mortgages are the same as those available to all Swiss Re employees in the 
respective locations. Fixed-rate mortgages have a maturity of five years and interest rates 
that correspond to the five-year Swiss franc swap rate plus a margin of 10 basis points. 
Adjustable-rate mortgages have no agreed maturity dates. The basic preferential interest 
rates equal the corresponding interest rates applied by the Zurich Cantonal Bank minus 
one percentage point. To the extent that fixed or adjustable interest rates are preferential, 
such values have been factored into the compensation sums given to the governing body 
members under section 5.2 Compensation for acting members of governing bodies, 
on pages 93–94.

5.9  Highest total compensation
5.9  Highest total compensation

The compensation of the highest paid member of the Board of Directors (Peter
Forstmoser) during the reporting year can be broken down as follows:

Compensation (as defined in 5.2)

Number of shares

Number of shares

16 409

CHF millions
1.70

The shares have an estimated discounted value of CHF 82.10. The share price of 2 March 
2007 will be used for the actual allocation of the shares.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  97

 
 
 
Governance Corporate governance

6  Shareholders’ participation rights

6.1   Voting right restrictions and
6.1   Voting right restrictions and

representation
representation

Voting right restrictions, statutory group clauses, exception rules
There are no voting right restrictions, no statutory group clauses and hence no rules 
on making exceptions.

Reasons for making exceptions in the year under review
No exceptions were made.

Procedure and conditions for cancelling statutory voting right restrictions
As there are no voting right restrictions, there is neither a procedure nor a condition 
for their cancellation.

Statutory rules on participating in the General Meeting of shareholders if differing 
from legal provisions
In line with the legal provisions, any shareholder with a voting right may have his/her 
shares represented at any General Meeting by another person authorised in writing or by 
corporate bodies, independent proxies or proxies for deposited shares. Such representa-
tives need not be shareholders.

6.2  Statutory quorums
6.2  Statutory quorums

The Articles of Association do not provide for any statutory quorums. Any General 
 Meeting of shareholders passes resolutions by an absolute majority of the votes validly 
cast, subject to the compulsory exceptions provided by law.

6.3   Convocation of the General
6.3   Convocation of the General
Meeting of shareholders
Meeting of shareholders

The statutory rules on the convocation of the General Meeting of shareholders corre-
spond with the legal provisions. Accordingly, the General Meeting of shareholders is 
summoned at least 20 days before the date of the meeting by notice published in the 
Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce.

6.4  Agenda
6.4  Agenda

6.5  Registrations in the share register
6.5  Registrations in the share register

The Board of Directors announces the agenda. Shareholders with voting powers whose 
combined holdings represent shares with a nominal value of at least CHF 100 000 may, 
up to 45 days before the date of the meeting, demand that matters be included in the 
agenda. Such demands must be in writing and must specify the items and the proposals 
to be submitted.

There is no statutory rule on the deadline for registering shareholders in connection with 
the attendance of the General Meeting. In recent years, Swiss Re has acknowledged 
 voting rights of shares which were registered at least two working days before the 
 General Meeting. In 2006, the qualifying dates were 24 February and 19 April for the 
 Extraordinary General Meeting held on Monday 27 February and the Annual General 
Meeting on Friday 21 April 2006, respectively.

98  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Governance Corporate governance

7.1  Duty to make an offer
7.1  Duty to make an offer

7  Changes of control and defence measures

Swiss Re has not taken any defence measures against take-over attempts. The governing 
bodies believe that the best protection is a fair valuation of the shares. They believe in 
the efficiency of a free market rather than relying on defence measures that normally 
have a long-term negative effect on the share price development. Therefore, there are no 
 statutory rules on “opting up” or “opting out”. (“Opting up” is a statutory rule based on 
which the triggering threshold would be lifted to a higher percentage, while “opting out” 
is a statutory rule waiving the legal duty to submit an offer.) Should a shareholder reach 
the threshold of 33 1/3 % of all voting rights, then, pursuant to the Stock Exchange Act, 
the shareholder would be required to submit a general take-over offer. 

7.2  Clauses on change of control
7.2  Clauses on change of control

Unvested bonus shares, share options, and certain other employee benefit programmes 
would vest upon a change of control. Rights of members of the governing bodies are 
identical to those of employees generally.

8  Auditors

8.1   Duration of the mandate and term 
8.1   Duration of the mandate and term 
of office of the head auditors
of office of the head auditors

PricewaterhouseCoopers AG, then known as Revisuisse Price Waterhouse AG, were 
elected as Swiss Re’s auditors at the Annual General Meeting of 25 November 1991 
and, since then, have been re-elected annually.

Mr David JA Law and Ms Dawn M Kink took up office as head auditors responsible for 
the existing auditing mandate as of 1 January 2004 and 1 September 2006, respective-
ly.

8.2  Auditing honorarium
8.2  Auditing honorarium

The following summarises fees for professional services for the year ended 31 December 
2006.

Audit fees
PricewaterhouseCoopers 

Audit-related fees
PricewaterhouseCoopers 

CHF  32.9 million

CHF  3.8 million

Audit-related fees comprise, among other things, amounts for comfort letters, accounting 
advice, information systems reviews and reviews on internal controls.

8.3  Additional honorarium
8.3  Additional honorarium

In addition to the fees described above, aggregate fees of CHF 4.2 million were billed by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers during the year ended 31 December 2006, primarily for the 
following:

Income tax compliance and related tax services  
Other fees 

CHF  2.5 million
CHF  1.7 million

Other fees include permitted advisory work related to a range of projects and due 
 diligence.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  99

Governance Corporate governance

8.4   Supervisory and control
8.4   Supervisory and control
instruments vis-à-vis the
instruments vis-à-vis the
external auditor
external auditor

100  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

The external auditor is accountable to the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors and 
ultimately to the shareholders. PricewaterhouseCoopers has performed this function 
since 1991 (formerly as Revisuisse Price Waterhouse AG). The Audit Committee and 
Board place great emphasis on the objectivity of the Group’s auditor, Pricewaterhouse-
Coopers AG, in their reporting to shareholders.

The Board of Directors established the Audit Committee in 1992. The Audit Committee 
holds regular meetings throughout the year to which the two head auditors are regularly 
invited. The Committee held six regular and three extra meetings in 2006. Starting in 
2007, the Audit Committee will meet eight times a year. The Audit Committee evaluates 
the external auditor annually and recommends one firm to the Board for election at the 
following Annual General Meeting of shareholders. The lead audit partner is rotated from 
his or her role on a five-year basis to ensure that independence is maintained.

The Audit Committee liaises closely with the elected external auditor. In particular, it dis-
cusses with the auditor significant risks, contingencies or other obligations of the compa-
ny; it reviews and approves the planned audit services and discusses the audits with the 
auditor; it approves in advance non-audit services expected to be provided by the audi-
tor, and reviews and approves other non-audit services that have been pre-approved 
by the Chairman of the Audit Committee between committee meetings; it reviews major 
changes to the company’s accounting principles and practice; it reviews the adequacy 
and efficacy of the financial reporting process, the system of internal controls and quality 
control procedures, as well as any significant findings and recommendations made by 
the external auditor.

According to its charter, the Audit Committee meets at least annually and in private, with 
the external auditor to review any significant matters or disagreement between manage-
ment and the auditor, if and when such disagreements arise. It discusses with the auditor 
its plan and any necessary changes to it, the findings of the annual audit, the auditor’s 
proposed report on the financial statements, critical accounting policies, and alternative 
accounting treatments that have been discussed with management. The Audit Commit-
tee’s discussions include considering the possible consequences of using such alterna-
tives.

The Audit Committee also discusses other material written communications with man-
agement, such as management letters and management‘s responsiveness to the points 
raised in such letters, as well as schedules of unadjusted differences. The auditor is re-
quested to supply a formal written statement at least once a year, delineating all relation-
ships with the company that might affect auditor independence.

The Audit Committee actively engages in a dialogue with the auditor in respect of any 
disclosed relationships or services that might impact the auditor’s objectivity and inde-
pendence, and recommends to the Board of Directors appropriate action in response to 
the aforementioned statement; it obtains from the auditor and reviews, at least annually, 
a report describing the auditor’s own quality control procedures, and any material issues 
raised by the most recent internal reviews, or inquiries or investigations by governmental 
or professional authorities within the preceeding five years and any steps taken to deal 
with any such issues. In addition, it reviews the audit fees to consider whether the level of 
fees is appropriate, as well as any fees paid to the auditor in respect of non-audit services.

Governance Corporate governance

9  Information policy

One of the core values of Swiss Re’s guiding principles is integrity through uncompro-
mising commitment to transparency and ethical principles. As a result, the Group’s infor-
mation policy goes beyond legal requirements, aiming to meet best practice standards.

Swiss Re maintains a close relationship with the financial community and the broader 
public by using all available communication channels. The company’s website includes 
full details of its corporate disclosure. Meetings dealing with important corporate infor-
mation are held with institutional investors and analysts; they can also be followed by 
 private shareholders via telephone conference or on the Internet.

Swiss Re is strongly committed to treating all investors equally. The Group prevents se-
lective disclosure by observing ad-hoc publicity rules and a policy of restrictions for the 
so-called “close period”, during which financial information is finalised. The close period 
commences on a given date preceding the official publication of the financial informa-
tion and lasts until such publication has been made. No meetings are held with analysts 
or investors during this period. In addition, members of the governing bodies, their secre-
tariats and employees preparing or communicating material non-public financial infor-
mation are subject to close period communication and trading prohibitions.

Swiss Re has elected to be listed on the SWX “EU-Compatible” Segment, complying 
with the requirements of the EU Transparency Directive. The Group has reported its fi-
nancial performance semi-annually to date, but will adopt quarterly reporting in 2007. 
Swiss Re announces important corporate news on an ad-hoc basis. Furthermore, the 
company organises events with investors and analysts, at which specific topics are dis-
cussed. In 2006, Swiss Re held an investors’ day on property and casualty reserving and 
US GAAP, as well as an investors’ meeting on Insurance Solutions and non-life renewals.

In addition to these events, Swiss Re holds frequent meetings with institutional investors 
and participates in investors’ conferences organised by investment banks. Presentations 
from conferences are made available to the public on the company’s website.

The Investor Relations unit at Swiss Re is responsible for managing all contacts with 
 investors and analysts. For contact information, please see the inside back cover of the 
2006 Annual Report.

Important dates 2007

Non-life January 2007 renewals, conference call 

Annual results 2006, analysts’ meeting 

Life and health European embedded value 2006, conference call

143rd Annual General Meeting

First quarter 2007 results, conference call 

Second quarter 2007 results, conference call 

Third quarter 2007 results, conference call

Investors’ Day 2007

The corporate calendar is available on Swiss Re’s website:
www.swissre.com/investorrelations

13 February

1 March

3 April

20 April

8 May

7 August

6 November

11 December

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  101

Governance Corporate governance

102  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Corporate news in 2006 and method of dissemination

Date
23 January

14 February

27 February

2 March

News
Completion of EUR 252 million credit 
reinsurance securitisation

Reporting of January 2006 non-life 
renewals

Extraordinary General Meeting 
approves creation of additional capital 
for GE Insurance Solutions acquisition
Annual reporting 2005

Method of dissemination
News release

News release and telephone conference

Meeting in Zurich (Swiss Re head-
quarters) and news release

News release, press conference and 
analysts’ meeting in Zurich (including 

telephone conference and webcast)

11 April

Reporting of life and health embedded 

News release and telephone conference

21 April

10 May

7 June

9 June

value 2005

142nd Annual General Meeting

Meeting in Zurich and news release

Completion of rights and global 

News release

offering to finance GE Insurance 

Solutions acquisition
Placement of USD 950 million of 

natural catastrophe protection 

through Successor programme
Successful completion of GE 

Insurance Solutions acquisition

News release

News release

4 August

Interim reporting 2006

News release, press conference and 

analysts’ meeting in Zurich (including 

telephone conference and webcast)

11 September

Investors’ presentation on Insurance 

Meeting in Monte Carlo

Solutions and upcoming renewals

3 October

Appointment of Roger Ferguson

News release

13 October

as Head of Financial Services and 

member of Executive Committee
Announcement of acquisition of GE 

Life UK business for GBP 465 million

News release

20 November

Investors’ day on P&C reserving and 

Meeting in Rüschlikon and telephone 

US GAAP

conference

15 December

Appointment of George Quinn as 

News release

Chief Financial Officer, effective

1 March 2007

Swiss Re shares

Swiss Re’s share price rose 7.7% in 2006.
The global rights offering for the acquisition of
GE Insurance Solutions was successfully placed 
at CHF 92.25 per share.

Swiss Re shares
On 31 December 2006, Swiss Re’s mar-
ket capitalisation was CHF 37.1 billion, 
with 374.4 million shares outstanding. 
Swiss Re’s shares are listed on the main 
board of the SWX Swiss Exchange (SWX) 
and traded on virt-x in its EU regulated 
segment under the symbol ”RUKN”.

Since 1 February 1996, Swiss Re’s shares 
are also traded in the form of an Ameri-
can Depository Receipt (ADR) level 1 pro-
gramme in cooperation with Morgan 
Guaranty Trust Company of New York.

Swiss Re share price performance
Global equity markets continued to rise 
in 2006. Swiss Re’s main benchmark indi-
ces – the Swiss Market Index (SMI) and 
the Dow Jones EURO STOXX Insurance 
Index (STOXX Ins. Index) – rose by 15.9% 
and 17.2% respectively. In the same 
 period, Swiss Re’s share price rose 7.7%, 
reaching a high for the year of CHF 
108.50 on 9 November after a low of 
CHF 79.60 on 13 June, and recovering 
by more than 30% from its low point by 
the end of 2006.





First quarter 2006: Swiss Re’s shares 
underperformed its benchmark indices 
by more than 10%, finishing 5.3% low-
er by the end of March. The quarter 
saw the publication of Swiss Re’s Janu-
ary renewals data and its 2005 annual 
results.
Second quarter 2006: Swiss Re’s 
shares declined 6.2%, underperforming 
the SMI by 1.5% and outperforming the 

STOXX Ins. Index by 2.2%. The shares 
reached their year low on 13 June at 
CHF 79.60. The Group announced its 
embedded value results for 2005 on 
11 April and held its annual general 
meeting on 21 April. The global rights 
offering for the acquisition of GE Insur-
ance Solutions was priced on 10 May 
at CHF 92.25 per share. The acquisition 
closed on 9 June 2006.
Third quarter 2006: Swiss Re’s shares 
went up 12.0% in the third quarter, vir-
tually in line with the rise of its bench-
mark indices. On 4 August, Swiss Re 
published its half-year results for 2006.
Fourth quarter 2006: Swiss Re shares 
rose 8.3%, closely tracking the SMI and 
the STOXX Ins. Index. In this period, the 
STOXX Ins. Index slightly outperformed 
the SMI. The insurance sector profited 
from a benign 2006 hurricane season 
in the US. On 20 November, Swiss Re 
held its Investors’ Day focusing on prop-
erty and casualty reserving, as well as 
the transition to US GAAP. 





In the US, Swiss Re’s ADRs rose 16.4% 
year-on-year, reflecting the depreciation 
of the US dollar against the Swiss franc 
(exchange rate adjusted: 9.0%).

The Swiss Re share price and trading 
 volume in 2006 graph shows the price 
and volume development, together with 
key events for 2006.

Swiss Re share trading
The average daily traded share volume for 
2006 was 1.6 million shares on-exchange 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  103

Swiss Re shares

Swiss Re share price and trading volume in 2006

110

Closing price in CHF

Volume in millions

20

100

90

80

70

Annual results 2005
(2 March)

Rights offering 2006
(10 May)

Interim results 2006
(4 August)

Closing of GE Insurance
Solutions aquisition
(9 June)

Investors’ Day 2006
(20 November)

15

10

5

0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

Oktober

November

December

and 1 million shares off-exchange. The 
highest volume traded on-exchange in 
2006 was on 2 March, when Swiss Re 
published its annual results for 2005,
with 5.7 million shares changing owner-
ship on-exchange and 1.5 million off-ex-
change. The highest cumulative volume 
was recorded on 2 May with 32.6 million 
shares traded, both off- and on-exchange.

Shareholder base
The shareholders structure table shows 
that Swiss Re’s shareholder base is highly 
diversified, both geographically and be-
tween private and institutional investors.

Institutional shareholders, including nomi-
nee accounts, represent roughly two-
thirds of Swiss Re’s share capital. These 
shareholders are geographically diverse: 
24% are based in Switzerland, 28% in
Europe (excluding Switzerland), 44% in 
North America and 4% throughout the 
rest of the world. The top ten institutional 
shareholders hold 33% of Swiss Re’s 
shares, up six percentage points from the 
previous year; the top 100 hold 54% of 
 total outstanding shares.

On 31 December 2006, Swiss Re had 
43 834 registered private shareholders,

104  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

representing 19% of the shares registered; 
91% of these hold fewer than 2 000 
shares. The vast majority of Swiss Re’s 
private shareholders are domiciled in 
Switzerland.

Socially responsible investors, whose port-
folios expressly reflect social, environmen-
tal and corporate governance criteria, hold 
approximately 2% of Swiss Re’s shares.

Index representation
In addition to its relevant industry indices, 
Swiss Re is also represented in various 
global, European and Swiss indices – in-
cluding the SMI, Financial Times Stock 
 Exchange (FTSE), Eurotop 100 and S &  P 
GLOBAL 100. The composition of these 
indices is usually based on free-float 
 market capitalisation. Swiss Re is also 
a member of various sustainability indices, 

Shareholder structure

As of 31 December 2006  
Institutional investors Switzerland

Holdings
48 821 781

in % Free float in %
13.04

23.83

Europe (excluding 

Switzerland)

North America

Rest of world

Total

58 123 911

89 880 686

8 043 468

28.37

43.87

3.93

204 869 846

100.00

Additional shares 

held in nominee form (within Share Register)

37 433 583

Private shareholders

registered

Unassigned shares

(Total)
(including retail investors

57 190 226

and trading positions)

25 441 241

Shares reserved

Shares held by General Electric Company

Grand total

16 184 149

33 321 333

374 440 378

15.52

24.01

2.15

54.71

10.00

15.27

6.79

4.32

8.90

100.00

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swiss Re shares

including the Dow Jones Sustainability 
and FTSE4Good index families.

Dividend policy and payment
Dividend growth reflects progress in 
earnings: Swiss Re’s policy is to focus 
on sustainable dividend payout and active 
capital management while maintaining 
superior capital adequacy and credit 
 ratings. Dividends are typically paid out 
of current earnings. Swiss Re pays its 
 dividend annually, three working days  
 after the Annual General Meeting; as 
of that day, the share price is ex-dividend.

Share custody
Swiss Re offers its shareholders the op-
portunity to deposit shares in their own 
names with the Share Register in Zurich. 
Share custody is free of charge. The appli-
cation form can be downloaded from 
Swiss Re’s homepage.

Investor Relations homepage
More information on Swiss Re’s shares 
is available at:
www.swissre.com/investorrelations

Swiss Re’s weighting in indices as of 31 December 2006

Swiss/blue chip indices
SMI
SPI
FTSE Eurotop 100

Insurance indices
DJ Europe STOXX Insurance
Bloomberg Europe 500 Insurance
FTSE E300 Insurance
Thomson Reinsurance Index World

Sustainability indices
DJSI World

DJSI STOXX

FTSE4Good Global

Index weight (in %)
3.32
2.89
0.51

Index weight (in %)
4.68
5.14
8.49
10.15

Index weight (in %)
0.30

0.59

0.21

Identification numbers
Swiss Security Number (Valorennummer) 

Share
1233237

ADR level 11 
– 

ISIN

(International Securities Identification Number)

CH0012332372 US8708872051

Ticker symbols

Share

ADR level 1

Bloomberg

RUKN VX

SWCEY US

Telekurs

RUKN

SWCEY

Reuters

RUKN.VX

SWCEY.US

¹  Swiss Re’s ADR are not listed but traded over-the-counter; one ADR corresponds to one Swiss Re share.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  105

 
Swiss Re shares

Key share statistics 2002–2007

Shares outstanding1

 of which reserved for
corporate purposes

 of which reserved to 
underlie convertible bond

Shares entitled to dividend

CHF unless otherwise stated
Dividend paid per share
Dividend yield2 (in %)

Earnings per share3,6

Equity per share3,6

Price per share year-end
Price per share year high (intraday)

Price per share year low (intraday)

Daily trading volume (CHF m)

Market capitalisation3 (CHF m)

ADR price at year-end (USD)

2002
322 057 870

2003
322 057 870

2004
322 066 174

2005
322 092 742

2006
374 440 378 

20074
374 443 527 

7 942 280

7 942 280

7 942 280

7 942 280

7 942 280 

7 942 280

3 736 522
310 379 068

3 736 522
310 379 068

3 736 522
310 387 372

3 736 522
310 413 940

8 241 869 
358 256 229

8 241 869
358 259 378

2002
2.50
2.8

–0.29

53.76

90.70
171.25

70.10

166

28 151

65.50

2003
1.00
1.2

5.48

59.64

83.50
108.00

49.60

115

25 917

67.40

2004
1.10
1.4

8.00

61.78

81.10
97.05

66.35

104

25 172

71.80

2005
1.60
1.7

4.68

73.87

96.20
103.40

75.10

126

29 862

73.25

2006
2.50
2.4

13.49

86.21

103.60
108.50

79.60

153

37 115

85.25

20074
3.405
3.35

105.50
109.90

101.50

213

37 796

85.25

¹  Nominal value of CHF 0.10 per share
²  Dividend divided by year-end share price of corresponding year
³  Based on shares entitled to dividend
⁴  All data as of 23 February 2007
⁵  Subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting on 20 April 2007
⁶  Figures for 2002-2004 represent the previously applied accounting policy

106  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
Profile Thema

Financial statements

Contents

Group financial statements 

109 

Income statement

Notes to the Group financial
statements

110  Balance sheet

112  Statement of shareholders’ equity

113  Statement of comprehensive income

114  Statement of cash flow

115  Note 1. Organisation and summary of significant accounting policies

123  Note 2. Investments

128  Note 3. Derivative financial instruments

130  Note 4. Acquisitions and dispositions

133  Note 5. Deferred acquisition costs and acquired present value of future profits

134  Note 6. Debt

138  Note 7. Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses

140  Note 8. Reinsurance information

142  Note 9. Shareholders’ equity

143  Note 10. Income taxes

145  Note 11. Benefit plans

150  Note 12. Share-based payments

154  Note 13. Commitments and contingent liabilities

156  Note 14. Information on business segments

161  Note 15. Subsidiaries, equity investees and variable interest entities

166  Note 16. Restructuring provision

167  Note 17. Change in accounting basis

169  Report of the Group auditors

Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich  171  Annual report

173 

Income statement

174  Balance sheet

176  Notes

185  Proposal for allocation of profit

186  Report of the statutory auditors

Financial years 1998–2006 

187

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  107
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swiss Re Group financial statements
Profile Thema

108  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
108  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Income statement

For the years ended 31 December

CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains/losses
Trading revenues
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

Life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs 

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Income before income tax expense

Income tax expense

Net income

Earnings per share in CHF

Basic

Diluted

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Notes

2005

2006

8, 14
8, 14
2
2
2

26 891
881
6 137
3 474
346
283
38 012

29 515
879
6 990
1 948
654
280
40 266

7, 8, 14

–14 758

–11 799

8, 14

14 

8, 14

14 

–8 668

–3 019

–5 927

–3 081

–9 594

–2 827

–6 079

–4 111

–35 453

–34 410

10 

9

9

2 559

–255

2 304

5 856

–1 296

4 560

7.44

7.14

13.49

12.53

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  109
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Balance sheet

As of 31 December

Assets

CHF millions
Investments
Fixed income securities:
  Available-for-sale, at fair value (including 7 770 in 2005 and 18 744 in 2006 subject to securities

Notes
2, 3

2005

2006

lending and repurchase agreements) (amortised cost: 2005: 77 124; 2006: 92 151)

79 344

93 127 

    Trading (including nil in 2005 and 2 234 in 2006 subject to securities

lending and repurchase agreements)

Equity securities:
  Available-for-sale, at fair value (including nil in 2005 and 923 in 2006 subject to securities

lending and repurchase agreements) (amortised cost: 2005: 7 001; 2006: 8 839)

  Trading

Policy loans, mortgages and other loans 

Investment real estate

Short-term investments, at amortised cost, which approximates fair value

Other invested assets

Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents

Accrued investment income

Premiums and other receivables

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits

Funds held by ceding companies

Deferred acquisition costs

Acquired present value of future profits

Goodwill

Income taxes recoverable

Financial services assets:

  Fixed income securities, trading (including 1 526 in 2005 and 8 746 in 2006

  subject to securities lending and repurchase agreements)
  Other financial services assets

Other assets

Total assets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

14 457 

22 622 

8 116 

11 476 

7 305

1 729

4 539

3 635

10 845 

20 828 

7 058 

4 227 

9 464 

4 336 

130 601

172 507

8 368

1 379

10 754

13 191

13 927

5 393

6 535

3 429

466

15 218
7 143

4 895

13 606 

1 782 

14 726 

18 699 

14 211 

5 270 

7 550 

4 838 

714 

23 714
8 638

5 045 

221 299

291 300

8 

5, 8

5

110  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
110  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

CHF millions
Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances
Unearned premiums
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Income taxes payable

Deferred income taxes

Financial services liabilities:

  Financial services liabilities: Short-term debt

  Financial services liabilities: Long-term debt

  Other financial services liabilities

Short-term debt

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Long-term debt

Total liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Common stock, CHF 0.10 par value; 

  2005: 322 092 742; 2006: 374 440 378 shares authorised and issued

Additional paid-in capital

Treasury shares

Accumulated other comprehensive income:

  Net unrealised investment gains/losses, net of deferred tax

  Foreign currency translation

  Accumulated adjustment for pension and postretirement benefits

Total accumulated other comprehensive income

Retained earnings

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Notes

2005

2006

7, 8
8 
8 

10

6

71 759
31 081
34 115
6 563
10 941
4 673
896

2 838

7 217

4 389

95 011 
44 899 
42 834 
8 025 
10 531 
6 832 
866 

2 685 

7 201 

6 765

10 749

18 407 

1 015

4 818

5 852

1 917 

6 470 

7 973 

196 906

260 416

32

6 852

–209

1 908

971

–59 

2 820

37 

11 136 

–272 

2 230 

–205 

–724

1 301

14 898

24 393

18 682 

30 884

221 299

291 300

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  111
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Statement of shareholders’ equity

For the years ended 31 December

CHF millions
Common shares
  Balance, beginning of year
Issue of common shares

  Balance, end of year

Additional paid-in capital
  Balance, beginning of year
Issue of common shares
  Share based compensation
  Realised gains/losses on treasury shares

  Balance, end of year

Treasury shares

  Balance, beginning of year

  Purchase of treasury shares

  Sale of treasury shares

  Balance, end of year

Net unrealised gains/losses, net of tax

  Balance, beginning of year

  Change during the year

  Balance, end of year

Foreign currency translation

  Balance, beginning of year

  Change during the year

  Balance, end of year

Adjustment for pension and post-retirement benefits

  Balance, beginning of year

  Reclassification of additional minimum liability prior year

  Change during the year

  Balance, end of year

Retained earnings

  Balance, beginning of year

  Net income

  Dividends on common stock (CHF 1.60 and CHF 2.50 per share in 2005 and 2006, respectively)

  Reclassification of additional minimum liability prior year

  Balance, end of year

Total shareholders’ equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

112  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
112  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

2005

2006

32

32

6 862
2
–13
1

6 852

–239

–278

308

–209

2 134 

–226 

1 908

32 
5 
37 

6 852 
4 234 
57
–7 

11 136

–209 

–284 

221 

–272

1 908 

322 

2 230

–1 301

2 272

971 

971 

–1 176 

–205

–84

25

–59 

–59 

–665 

–724

13 007

14 898 

2 304

–497

84

4 560

–776 

14 898

18 682

24 393

30 884

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Statement of comprehensive income

For the years ended 31 December

CHF millions
Net income
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
  Change in unrealised gains/losses (tax: –180 for 2005, and 178 for 2006)
  Change in foreign currency translation (tax: –18 for 2005, and 38 for 2006)
  Change in adjustment for pension benefits (tax: –7 for 2005, and 210 for 2006)
Comprehensive income

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

2005
2 304

–226
2 272
25
4 375

2006
4 560 

322
–1 176 
–665 
3 041

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  113
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  113

 
 
Financial statements Group financial statements
Profile Thema

Statement of cash flow

For the years ended 31 December

CHF millions
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided/used by operating activities:
  Depreciation, amortisation and other non-cash items
  Net realised investment gains/losses
  Change in:

  Technical provisions, net
  Funds held by ceding companies and other reinsurance balances
  Other assets and liabilities, net
  Income taxes payable/recoverable

  Income from equity-accounted investments, net of dividends received
  Trading positions, net

Change in Financial services assets and liabilities:

  Financial services assets

  Financial services liabilities – Short-term debt

  Financial services liabilities – Long-term debt

  Financial services liabilities – Other

Net cash provided/used by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Fixed income securities:

  Sales and maturities

  Purchases

  Net purchases/sales/maturities of short-term investments

Equity securities:

  Sales

  Purchases

Acquisitions/disposals, net of cash acquired/disposed

Net purchases/sales/maturities of other investments

Net cash provided/used by investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Issuance of long-term debt

Issuance/repayment of short-term debt

Equity issued

Net purchases/sales of treasury shares

Dividends paid to shareholder

Net cash provided/used by financing activities

Total net cash provided/used

Reclassification to Financial services assets

Effect of foreign currency translation

Change in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents as of 1 January

Cash and cash equivalents as of 31 December

2005

2006

2 304

4 560

782
–3 474

5 243
–519
–3
183

–407
–2 459

886
–1 948

–2 140
524
1 033
910

–375
–1 674

–4 556

–10 251

2 246

1 478

1 154

1 972

–662

779

9 912

1 554

39 035

59 024

–41 422

–46 105

–1 061

–4 760

4 861

–6 488

643

802

–3 630

987

–599

2

30

–497

–77

–1 735

422

–1 313

9 681

8 368

7 873

–8 799

–3 506

–683

3 044

3 146

–380

1 323

–63

–776

3 250

7 848

–2 451

–159

5 238

8 368

13 606

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

The Group has reclassified CHF 2 451 million from cash to Financial services assets related to the assumption of the debt of GE Insurance 
Solutions. Interest paid during 2006 was CHF 812 million. There were several non-cash investment activities in 2006. The major trans-
actions included the issuance of equity of CHF 2 916 million and a mandatory convertible of CHF 610 million to General Electric directly.

114  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
114  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements
Profile Thema

Notes to the Group financial statements

Nature of operations
Nature of operations

Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation

Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation

Use of estimates in the preparation
Use of estimates in the preparation
of financial statements
of financial statements

1.  Organisation and summary of significant accounting policies

The Swiss Re Group, which is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, comprises Swiss 
Reinsurance Company (the parent company, referred to as “Swiss Re Zurich”) and its 
subsidiaries (collectively, the “Swiss Re Group” or the “Group”). The Group provides rein-
surance and other related products and services to insurance companies, clients and 
others worldwide through a network of offices in over 25 countries as well as through re-
insurance brokers.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US 
GAAP) and comply with Swiss law. The Group’s financial statements are stated in Swiss 
francs (CHF), the currency of the country in which Swiss Re Zurich is incorporated. The 
financial year of the Swiss Re Group ends on 31 December. All significant inter-company 
transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

The Group’s financial statements include the consolidated financial statements of Swiss 
Re Zurich and its subsidiaries. Entities which Swiss Re Zurich directly or indirectly con-
trols through holding a majority of the voting rights are consolidated in the Group ac-
counts. The Group also consolidates variable interest entities where Swiss Re is the pri-
mary beneficiary. Companies which Swiss Re Zurich does not control, but over which 
Swiss Re Zurich directly or indirectly exercises significant influence, are accounted for us-
ing the equity method and are included in other invested assets. The Swiss Re Group’s 
share of net profit or loss in investments accounted for under the equity method is includ-
ed in net investment income. Equity and net income of these companies are adjusted as 
necessary to be in line with the Group accounting policies. The results of consolidated 
subsidiaries and investments accounted for using the equity method are included in the 
financial statements for the period commencing from the date of acquisition.

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make significant esti-
mates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues 
and expenses as well as the related disclosure including contingent assets and liabilities. 
The Swiss Re Group’s liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses and 
policy benefits for life and health include estimates for premium, claim and benefit data 
not received from ceding companies at the date of the financial statements. In addition, 
the Group uses certain financial instruments and invests in securities of certain entities 
for which exchange trading does not exist. The Group determines these estimates on the 
basis of historical information, actuarial analyses, financial modelling and other analytical 
techniques. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates described above.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  115
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  115

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured to the respective subsid-
iary’s functional currency at average exchange rates. Monetary assets and liabilities are 
remeasured to the functional currency at closing exchange rates, whereas non-monetary 
assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency at historical rates. Re-
measurement gains and losses on monetary assets and liabilities and trading securities 
are reported in earnings. Remeasurement gains and losses on available-for-sale securi-
ties, investments in consolidated subsidiaries and investments accounted for using the 
equity method are reported in shareholders’ equity.

For consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with functional curren-
cies other than CHF are translated from the functional currency to CHF at closing rates. 
Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates. Translation adjust-
ments are reported in shareholders’ equity.

Currency exchange rates in CHF per 100 units of foreign currency are as follows:

Australian dollar

British pound

Canadian dollar

Euro

Japanese yen

South African rand

US dollar

Closing rate
96.68

226.26

112.82

155.46

1.12

20.78

2005
Average rate
94.91

226.40

102.61

154.82

1.13

19.54

Closing rate
96.22

238.92

104.90

160.98

1.02

17.31

2006
Average rate
94.33

230.48

110.68

157.20

1.08

18.70

131.80

124.37

122.08

125.46

AUD

GBP

CAD

EUR

JPY

ZAR

USD

The Group’s investments in fixed income and equity securities are classified as available-
for-sale (“AFS”) or trading. Fixed income securities AFS and equity securities AFS are car-
ried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with the difference between original 
cost and fair value being recognised in shareholders’ equity. Trading fixed income and 
equity securities are carried at fair value with unrealised gains and losses being recog-
nised in earnings.

The cost of fixed income and equity securities is reduced to fair value, with a correspond-
ing charge to realised investment losses if the decline in value, expressed in functional 
currency terms, is other than temporary. Subsequent recoveries of previously recognised 
impairment are not recognised.

Interest on fixed income securities is recorded in net investment income when earned 
and is adjusted for the amortisation of any purchase premium or discount. Dividends on 
equity securities are recorded on the basis of the ex-dividend date. Realised gains and 
losses on sales are included in earnings and are calculated using the specific              
identification method.

Foreign currency remeasurement and 
Foreign currency remeasurement and 
translation
translation

Investments
Investments

116  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
116  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Policy loans, mortgages and other loans are carried at amortised cost (effective yield 
method), net of any allowance for amounts estimated to be uncollectible.

Investment in real estate that the Group intends to hold for the production of income is 
carried at depreciated cost, net of any write-down for impairment in value. An impair-
ment in value is recognised if the sum of the estimated future undiscounted cash flows 
from the use of the real estate is lower than its carrying value. Impairment in value, de-
preciation and other related charges or credits are included in net investment income. In-
vestment in real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less esti-
mated selling costs, and is not depreciated. Reductions in the carrying value of real es-
tate held for sale are included in realised investment losses.

Short-term investments are carried at amortised cost which approximates fair value. The 
Group considers highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity at the date of acqui-
sition of one year or less, but greater than three months, to be short-term investments. 

Other invested assets include affiliated companies, derivative financial instruments and 
investments without readily determinable fair value (including limited partnership invest-
ments). Investments in limited partnerships where the Group’s interest equals or exceeds 
3% are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in limited partnerships 
where the Group’s interest is below 3% and equity investments in corporate entities 
which are not publicly traded are accounted for at estimated fair value with changes in 
fair value recognised as unrealised gains/losses in shareholders’ equity. 

The Group enters into security lending arrangements under which it loans certain securi-
ties in exchange for collateral and receives securities lending fees. The Group’s policy is 
to require collateral, consisting of cash or securities, equal to at least 102% of the carry-
ing value of the securities loaned. In certain arrangements, the Group may accept collat-
eral of less than 102%, if the structure of the overall transaction offers an equivalent level 
of security. Cash received as collateral is recognised along with an obligation to return 
the cash. Securities received as collateral that can be sold or repledged are also recog-
nised along with an obligation to return those securities. Security lending fees are recog-
nised over the term of the related loans.

The Group uses a variety of derivative financial instruments including swaps, options, for-
wards and exchange-traded financial futures for the Group’s trading and hedging strate-
gy in line with the overall risk management strategy. Derivative financial instruments are 
primarily used as a means of managing exposure to price, foreign currency and/or inter-
est rate risk on planned or anticipated investment purchases, existing assets or liabilities 
and also to lock in attractive investment conditions for funds which become available in 
the future. The Group recognises all of its derivative instruments on the balance sheet at 
fair value. Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair 
value through earnings.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  117
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  117

Derivative financial instruments and 
Derivative financial instruments and 
hedge accounting
hedge accounting

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

If the derivative is designated as a hedge of the fair value of assets or liabilities, changes 
in the fair value of the derivative are recognised in earnings, together with changes in the 
fair value of the related hedged item. If the derivative is designated as a hedge of the var-
iability in expected future cash flows related to a particular risk, changes in the fair value 
of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is 
recognised in earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedge is recognised in earnings. 
When hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash flow hedge, the net gain or loss re-
mains in accumulated other comprehensive income and is reclassified to earnings in the 
period in which the formerly hedged transaction is reported in earnings. When the Group 
discontinues hedge accounting because it is no longer probable that a forecasted trans-
action will occur within the required time period, the derivative continues to be carried 
on the balance sheet at fair value, and gains and losses that were previously recorded in 
accumulated other comprehensive income are recognised in earnings.

Derivative financial instrument assets are generally included in other invested assets or  
financial services assets. Derivative financial instrument liabilities are generally included 
in accrued expenses and other liabilities or financial services liabilities.

The Group also designates non-derivative monetary financial instruments as hedging the 
foreign currency exposure of its net investment in certain foreign operations. From the in-
ception of the hedging relationship, remeasurement gains and losses on the designated 
non-derivative monetary financial instruments and translation gains and losses on the 
hedged net investment are reported as translation gains and losses in shareholders’ equity. 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, short-term deposits, certain short-term 
investments in money market funds, and highly liquid debt instruments with a remaining 
maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less.

Acquisition costs, which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of new in-
surance and reinsurance business, are deferred to the extent they are deemed recovera-
ble from future gross profits. Deferred acquisition costs consist principally of commis-
sions. Deferred acquisition costs for short-duration contracts are amortised in proportion 
to premiums earned. Future investment income is considered in determining the recover-
ability of deferred acquisition costs for short-duration contracts. Deferred acquisition 
costs for long-duration contracts are amortised over the life of underlying contracts. De-
ferred acquisition costs for universal life-type contracts are amortised based on the 
present value of estimated gross profits.

The acquired present value of future profits (“PVFP”) of business in force is recorded in 
connection with the acquisition of life and/or health operations. The initial value is deter-
mined actuarially by discounting estimated future gross profits as a measure of the value 
of business acquired. The resulting asset is amortised on a constant yield basis over the 
expected revenue recognition period of the business acquired, generally over periods 
ranging up to 30 years, with the accrual of interest added to the unamortised balance at 
the earned rate. The carrying value of PVFP is reviewed periodically for indicators of im-
pairment in value. Adjustments to reflect impairment in value are recognised in earnings 
during the period in which the determination of impairment is made.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents

Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred acquisition costs

Acquired present value of
Acquired present value of
future profits
future profits

118  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
118  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Goodwill
Goodwill

Financial services assets
Financial services assets
and liabilities
and liabilities

Other assets
Other assets

Capitalised software costs
Capitalised software costs

Deferred income taxes
Deferred income taxes

Unpaid claims and claim
Unpaid claims and claim
adjustment expenses
adjustment expenses

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

The excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair value of 
net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill, which is reviewed periodically for indicators 
of impairment in value. Adjustments to reflect an impairment in value are recognised in 
earnings in the period in which the determination of impairment is made.

The Group uses debt for general corporate purposes and also to fund “Financial services 
assets and liabilities“ (funded business). “Financial services assets and liabilities“ are 
structured with the intention of creating assets and liabilities that generate offsetting 
market risks (foreign exchange, interest rate, equity, credit). Debt that is strictly used for 
funded business is classified as operational debt. “Financial services assets and liabili-
ties“ are valued according to the relevant principles for the underlying instruments.

Other assets include deferred expenses on retroactive reinsurance, separate account as-
sets, prepaid reinsurance premiums, real estate for own use, property, plant and equip-
ment, accrued income, certain intangible assets and prepaid assets. 

The excess of estimated liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses payable 
over consideration received in respect of retroactive property and casualty reinsurance 
contracts is recorded as a deferred expense. The deferred expense on retroactive reinsur-
ance contracts is amortised through earnings over the expected claims-paying period. 

Separate account assets are carried at fair value. The investment performance (including 
interest, dividends, realised gains and losses and changes in unrealised gains and losses) 
of separate account assets and the corresponding amounts credited to the contract hold-
er are offset to zero in the same line item in earnings.

Real estate for own use, property, plant and equipment are carried at depreciated cost. 

External direct costs of materials and services incurred to develop or obtain software for 
internal use, payroll and payroll-related costs for employees directly associated with soft-
ware development and interest cost incurred while developing software for internal use 
are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis through earnings over the              
estimated useful life.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised based on the difference be-
tween financial statement carrying amounts and the corresponding income tax bases of 
assets and liabilities using enacted income tax rates and laws. A valuation allowance is 
recorded against deferred tax assets when it is deemed more likely than not that some or 
all of the deferred tax asset may not be realised.

Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses for property and casualty re-
insurance contracts are accrued when insured events occur and are based on the esti-
mated ultimate cost of settling the claims, using reports and individual case estimates re-
ceived from ceding companies. A provision is also included for claims incurred but not 
reported, which is developed on the basis of past experience adjusted for current trends 
and other factors that modify past experience. The establishment of the appropriate level 
of reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates and judgements made 
by management, and therefore there can be no assurance that ultimate claims and claim 
adjustment expenses will not exceed the loss reserves currently established. These         

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  119
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  119

Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

Liabilities for life and health
Liabilities for life and health
policy benefits
policy benefits

estimates are regularly reviewed, and adjustments for differences between estimates 
and actual payments for claims and for changes in estimates are reflected in income in 
the period in which the estimates are changed or payments are made.

The Group does not discount liabilities arising from prospective property and casualty in-
surance and reinsurance contracts, including liabilities which are discounted for US stat-
utory reporting purposes. Liabilities arising from property and casualty insurance and re-
insurance contracts acquired in a business combination are initially recognised at fair val-
ue in accordance with the purchase method of accounting.

Experience features which are directly linked to a reinsurance asset or liability are classi-
fied in a manner that is consistent with the presentation of that asset or liability.

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits from reinsurance business are generally calcu-
lated using the net level premium method, based on assumptions as to investment yields, 
mortality, withdrawals, lapses and policyholder dividends. Assumptions are set at the time 
the contract is issued or, in the case of contracts acquired by purchase, at the purchase 
date. The assumptions are based on projections from past experience, making allowance 
for possible adverse deviation. Interest assumptions for life and health reinsurance bene-
fits liabilities range from 1% to 13%. Assumed mortality rates are generally based on
experience multiples applied to the actuarial select and ultimate tables based on industry 
experience. Liabilities for policy benefits are increased if it is determined that future cash 
flows, including investment income, are insufficient to cover future benefits and expenses. 

The liability for accident and health policy benefits consists of active life reserves and the 
estimated present value of the remaining ultimate net costs of incurred claims. The active 
life reserves include unearned premiums and additional reserves. The additional reserves 
are computed on the net level premium method using assumptions for future investment 
yield, mortality and morbidity experience. The assumptions are based on projections of 
past experience and include provisions for possible adverse deviation.

Policyholder account balances
Policyholder account balances

Policyholder account balances relate to universal life-type contracts and investment con-
tracts. Interest crediting rates for policyholder account balances range from 3% to 10%.

Universal life-type contracts are long-duration insurance contracts, providing either 
death or annuity benefits, with terms that are not fixed and guaranteed. 

Investment contracts are long-duration contracts that do not incorporate significant in-
surance risk, i.e. there is no mortality and morbidity risk, or the mortality and morbidity 
risk associated with the insurance benefit features offered in the contract is of insignifi-
cant amount or remote probability. Amounts received as payment for investment con-
tracts are reported as policyholder account balances. Related assets are included in gen-
eral account assets. 

Amounts assessed against policyholders for mortality, administration and surrender are 
shown as fee income. Amounts credited to policyholders are shown as interest credited 
to policyholders. Investment income and realised investment gains and losses allocable 
to policyholders are included in net investment income and net realised investment 
gains/losses.

120  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
120  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Funds held assets and liabilities
Funds held assets and liabilities

Premiums
Premiums

Reinsurance ceded 
Reinsurance ceded 

Funds held assets and liabilities include amounts retained by the ceding company or the 
Group for business written on a funds withheld basis, and amounts arising from the ap-
plication of the deposit method of accounting to insurance and reinsurance contracts 
that do not indemnify the ceding company or the Group against loss or liability relating to 
insurance risk. 

Under the deposit method of accounting, the deposit asset or liability is initially meas-
ured based on the consideration paid or received. For contracts that transfer neither sig-
nificant timing nor underwriting risk, and contracts that transfer only significant timing 
risk, changes in estimates of the timing or amounts of cash flows are accounted for by re-
calculating the effective yield. The deposit is then adjusted to the amount that would 
have existed had the new effective yield been applied since the inception of the contract. 
The revenue and expense recorded for such contracts is included in net investment in-
come. For contracts that transfer only significant underwriting risk, once a loss is in-
curred, the deposit is adjusted by the present value of the incurred loss. At each subse-
quent balance sheet date, the portion of the deposit attributable to the incurred loss is re-
calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows. The resulting changes in the 
carrying amount of the deposit are recognised in claims and claim adjustment expenses.

Property and casualty reinsurance premiums are recorded when written and include an 
estimate for written premiums receivable at period end. Premiums earned are generally 
recognised in income over the contract period in proportion to the amount of reinsur-
ance provided. Unearned premiums consist of the unexpired portion of reinsurance pro-
vided. Life reinsurance premiums are earned when due. Related policy benefits are re-
corded in relation to the associated premium or gross profits so that profits are recog-
nised over the expected lives of the contracts. 

Life and health reinsurance premiums for group coverages are generally earned over the 
term of the coverage. For group contracts that allow experience adjustments to premi-
ums, such premiums are recognised as the related experience emerges.

The Group uses retrocession arrangements to increase its aggregate underwriting ca-
pacity, to diversify its risk and to reduce the risk of catastrophic loss from reinsurance as-
sumed. The ceding of risks to retrocessionaires does not relieve the Group of its obliga-
tions to its ceding companies. The Group regularly evaluates the financial condition of its 
retrocessionaires and monitors the concentration of credit risk to minimise its exposure 
to financial loss from retrocessionaires’ insolvency. Premiums and losses ceded under 
retrocession contracts are reported as reductions of premiums earned and claims and 
claim adjustment expenses. Amounts recoverable for ceded short- and long-duration 
contracts, including universal life-type and investment contracts, are reported as assets 
in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The Group provides reserves for uncollectible amounts on reinsurance balances ceded, 
based on management’s assessment of the collectibility of the outstanding balances.

Pensions and other post-retirement 
Pensions and other post-retirement 
benefits
benefits

The Group accounts for its pension and other post-retirement benefit costs using the ac-
crual method of accounting. Amounts charged to expense are based on periodic actuari-
al determinations.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  121
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  121

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Share-based payment transactions
Share-based payment transactions

Treasury shares
Treasury shares

Earnings per common share
Earnings per common share

New accounting pronouncements
New accounting pronouncements

The Group has a long term incentive plan, a fixed option plan, a restricted share plan, and 
an employee participation plan. These plans are described in more detail in note 11. The 
Group accounts for share based payment transactions with employees using the fair val-
ue method. Under the fair value method, the fair value of the awards is recognised in 
earnings over the vesting period. 

For share based compensation plans which are settled in cash, compensation costs are 
recognised as liabilities, whereas for equity-settled plans, compensation costs are recog-
nised as an accrual to additional paid-in capital within shareholders’ equity.

Treasury shares are reported at cost in shareholders’ equity. Treasury shares also include 
stand-alone derivative instruments indexed to the Group’s shares that meet the require-
ments for classification in shareholders’ equity as well as embedded derivative instru-
ments indexed to the Group’s shares, which are bifurcated from the host contract and 
meet the requirements for classification in shareholders’ equity.

Basic earnings per common share are determined by dividing net income available to 
shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares entitled to dividends 
during the year. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the effect on earnings and 
average common shares outstanding associated with dilutive securities.

On 4 December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share-Based 
Payment” (“FAS 123R”). FAS 123R requires share based payments to be accounted for 
using the fair value method, and eliminates the ability to account for such transactions 
using the previously allowed intrinsic value method. The Group adopted the provisions of 
FAS 123R as of 1 January 2006.

On 6 September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 “Employers’ Accounting for De-
fined Benefit Pension and Other Post-retirement Plans” (“FAS 158”). FAS 158 requires an 
employer to recognise the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postre-
tirement plan as an asset or liability and to recognise changes in that funded status in the 
year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The Group adopted 
the provisions of FAS 158 for the year ended 31 December 2006.

On 6 June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncer-
tainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and meas-
urement attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expect-
ed to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classifica-
tion, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The 
Group will adopt the provisions of FIN 48 in the first quarter of 2007.

122  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
122  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Investment income
Investment income

Net investment income by source was as follows:

2.  Investments

CHF millions
  Fixed income securities
  Equity securities
  Policy loans, mortgages and other loans

Investment real estate
  Short-term investments
  Other current investments

  Equity in earnings of equity-accounted investments

  Cash and cash equivalents

  Funds held by ceding companies

Gross investment income

Investment management expenses

  Funds held under reinsurance treaties

Net investment income

2005
3 919
547
602
150
152
137

420

197

645

6 769

–318

–314

6 137

2006
4 768
721
618
156
283
83

389

294

680

7 992

–404

–598

6 990

Dividends received from investments accounted for using the equity method were
CHF 13 million and CHF 14 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Net investment income includes income on unit-linked business of CHF 751 million and 
CHF 670 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, which is credited to unit-linked policy-
holders.

Realised gains and losses
Realised gains and losses

Realised gains and losses for fixed income, equity securities and other investments were 
as follows:

CHF millions
Fixed income securities available-for-sale

  Gross realised gains

  Gross realised losses

Equity securities available-for-sale

  Gross realised gains

  Gross realised losses

Other-than-temporary impairments

Net realised investment gains /losses on trading securities

Change in net unrealised investment gains /losses on trading securities

Other investments

  Gross realised gains

  Gross realised losses

Exchange gains

Net realised investment gains

2005

2006

666

–232

777

–96

–98

166

51

566

–344

2 018

3 474

922

–591

1 151

–189

–156

664

1 746

2 141

–2 451

–1 289

1 948

Proceeds from fixed income securities available-for-sale amounted to CHF 53 720 million 
in 2006 (2005: CHF 35 098 million) and sales of equity securities available-for-sale 
amounted to CHF 7 881 million in 2006 (2005: CHF 4 874 million).

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  123
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

Net realised gains include income on unit-linked business of CHF 1 396 million and CHF 
1 319 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively, which is credited to unit-linked policyhol-
ders.

Realised gains and losses do not include the change in fair value of Financial Services
assets/liabilities classified as trading revenues/expenses and the change in fair value of 
derivative financial instruments classified as cash flow hedges.

Trading revenues
Trading revenues

Trading revenues mainly generated by the trading activities of the Financial Services 
business segment were as follows:

CHF millions

Income from fixed income securities

Income from other financial services assets

Net investment income from Financial Services assets

  Net realised investment gains/losses on trading securities
  Net unrealised investment gains/losses on trading securities
  Net realised and unrealised investment gains/losses on other assets
Net realised investment gains/losses on Financial Services assets

Trading expenses

Trading revenues

2005
776

41

817

257
–163
–13
81

–552

346

2006
1 409

87

1 496

17
–225
366
158

–1 000

654

Investments available-for-sale
Investments available-for-sale

Amortised cost or cost and estimated fair values of investments in fixed income and
equity securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

As of 31 December 2005
CHF millions
Debt securities issued by governments 

and government agencies:

  US Treasury and other US government 

Amortised
cost or cost

Gross unrea-
lised gains

Gross unrea-
lised losses

Estimated
fair value

  corporations and agencies

24 669

451

–675

24 445

  States of the United States and 

  political subdivisions of the states

United Kingdom

Canada

Germany

France

Other

Total

Corporate debt securities

Mortgage and asset-backed securities

Fixed income securities

available-for-sale

Equity securities available-for-sale

340

5 960

4 246

2 711

1 545

5 755

45 226

19 224

12 674

77 124

7 001

46

300

1 529

42

56

559

2 983 

1 230 

118

4 331 

2 462

–215

–393

–15

–19

–278

–1 595

–283

–233

–2 111

–1 347

386

6 045

5 382

2 738

1 582

6 036

46 614

20 171

12 559

79 344

8 116

124  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
124  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
Maturity of fixed income
Maturity of fixed income
securities available-for-sale
securities available-for-sale

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

As of 31 December 2006
CHF millions
Debt securities issued by governments 
and government agencies:
  US Treasury and other US government 
  corporations and agencies
  States of the United States and 
  political subdivisions of the states
  United Kingdom
  Canada
  Germany

  France

  Other

Total

Corporate debt securities

Mortgage and asset-backed securities

Fixed income securities

available-for-sale

Equity securities available-for-sale

Amortised
cost or cost

Gross unrea-
lised gains

Gross unrea-
lised losses

Estimated
fair value

29 555

190

–598

29 147

676
5 280
3 239
2 293

1 537

7 455

50 035

26 836

15 280

92 151

8 839

34
87
755
4

12

212

1 294

921

102

2 317

2 268

–2
–54
–12
–28

–18

–66

–778

–373

–190

 –1 341

–262

708
5 313
3 982
2 269

1 531

7 601

50 551

27 384

15 192

93 127

10 845

The amortised cost or cost and estimated fair values of investments in fixed income se-
curities by remaining maturity are shown below. Fixed maturity investments are assumed 
not to be called for redemption prior to the stated maturity date. As of 31 December 
2005 and 2006, CHF 2 148 million and CHF 5 426 million, respectively, of fixed income 
securities were callable.

As of 31 December
CHF millions
Due in one year or less

Due after one year through five years

Due after five years through ten years  

Due after ten years

Mortgage and asset-backed securities 

with no fixed maturity

Total fixed income securities 

available-for-sale

Amortised
cost or cost 
4 762

21 779

16 304

21 605

2005
Estimated
fair value 
4 630

21 266

16 733

24 156

Amortised
cost or cost 
5 768

26 196

19 224

25 683

2006
Estimated
fair value 
5 804

26 171

19 129

26 831

12 674

12 559

15 280

15 192

77 124

79 344

92 151

93 127

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  125
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  125

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Assets on deposit or pledged
Assets on deposit or pledged

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, investments with the carrying value of CHF 663 
million and CHF 1 565 million, respectively, were on deposit with regulatory agencies in 
accordance with local requirements.

Collateral accepted which the Group 
Collateral accepted which the Group 
has the right to sell or repledge
has the right to sell or repledge

Unrealised losses on fixed income
Unrealised losses on fixed income
securities available-for-sale
securities available-for-sale

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, investments (including cash and cash equivalents) 
with a carrying value of approximately CHF 8 823 million and CHF 17 132 million, re-
spectively, were placed on deposit or pledged to secure certain reinsurance liabilities.

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, the fair value of the Government and Corporate 
bond securities received as collateral, is CHF 2 892 million and CHF 6 502 million, re-
spectively. Of this, the amount that has been sold or repledged as of 31 December 2005 
and 2006 is CHF 1 316 million and CHF 5 450 million, respectively, which is used to set-
tle short Government bond positions. The sources of the collateral are highly rated bank-
ing market counterparties.

The following table shows the fair value and unrealised losses of the Group’s fixed in-
come securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual 
securities were in a continuous unrealised loss position, as of 31 December 2005 and 
2006. A continuous decline in the value of equity securities available-for-sale for longer 
than twelve months is considered other-than-temporary and recognised as net realised 
investment gains/losses in the income statement. Therefore, as of 31 December 2005 
and 2006, the gross unrealised loss on equity securities available-for-sale of CHF 1 347 
million and CHF 262 million relates to declines in value for less than 12 months.

As of 31 December 2005
CHF millions
Debt securities issued by govern-

Less than 12 months
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

12 months or more
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

Total
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

ments and government agencies

25 288 

1 213

8 372

382 33 660

1 595 

Corporate debt securities

Mortgage and asset-backed securities

6 261

7 253

255

184

551

1 153

28

49

6 812

8 406

283

233

Total 

38 802

1 652 10 076

459 48 878

2 111

As of 31 December 2006
CHF millions
Debt securities issued by govern-

Less than 12 months
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

12 months or more
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

Total
Unrealised
losses

Fair
value

ments and government agencies

20 633

295 13 443

483 34 076

Corporate debt securities

Mortgage and asset-backed securities 

6 362

4 939

104

51

2 618

4 138

269

139

8 980

9 077

778

373

190

Total 

31 934

450 20 199

891 52 133

 1 341

126  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
126  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

An assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline in the value of equity and 
fixed income securities available-for-sale has occurred is based on a case-by-case evalu-
ation of the reasons for the decline in value. This evaluation includes: (a) an assessment 
of the duration and extent of the decline in value; (b) review of the financial performance 
and outlook for the economic environment and industry in which the issuer operates; (c) 
review of the financial performance and outlook for the issuer compared to industry 
peers; and (d) analysis of any other factors, including credit rating, that may adversely af-
fect the ability of the security to recover in value in the short term. Other-than-temporary 
declines in the value of equity and fixed income securities available-for-sale are recog-
nised as net realised investment gains/losses in the income statement.

Mortgages, loans and real estate
Mortgages, loans and real estate

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, investments in mortgages and other loans, 
real estate comprised the following:

As of 31 December
CHF millions
Mortgages and other loans

Investment real estate

Carrying value
7 305

1 729

2005
Fair value
7 305

3 475

Carrying value
7 058

4 227

2006
Fair value
7 058

5 389

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, the Group’s investment in mortgages and other 
loans included CHF 207 million and CHF 231 million, respectively, of loans due from em-
ployees and CHF 396 million and 388 million, respectively, due from officers. These 
loans generally consist of mortgages offered at variable and fixed interest rates.

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, investments in real estate included CHF 9 million 
and CHF 67 million, respectively, of real estate held for sale.

Depreciation expense related to income-producing properties was CHF 36 million and 
CHF 34 million for 2005 and 2006, respectively. Accumulated depreciation on invest-
ment real estate totalled CHF 446 million and CHF 444 million as of 31 December 2005 
and 2006, respectively.

Substantially all mortgages and other loans receivable are secured by buildings, land or 
the underlying policies. The ultimate collectibility of the receivables is evaluated regularly 
and an appropriate allowance for uncollectible amounts is established.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  127
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  127

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

3. Derivative financial instruments 

The Group uses a variety of derivative financial instruments including swaps, options, for-
wards, credit derivatives and exchange-traded financial futures in its trading and hedg-
ing strategies, in line with the Group’s overall risk management strategy. The objectives 
include managing exposure to price, foreign currency and/or interest rate risk on planned 
or anticipated investment purchases, existing assets or liabilities, as well as locking in at-
tractive investment conditions for future available funds.

The fair values represent the gross carrying value amounts at the reporting date for each 
class of derivative contract held or issued by the Group. The fair values below are not an 
indication of credit risk, as many over-the-counter transactions are contracted and docu-
mented under ISDA master agreements or their equivalent. Management believes that 
such agreements provide for legally enforceable set-off in the event of default, which 
substantially reduces credit exposure.

The maximum potential loss assuming non-performance by all counterparties, and based 
on the market replacement cost at 31 December 2005 and 2006 approximated CHF 2 889 
million and CHF 2 220 million, respectively. These values are net of amounts offset pursuant 
to rights of set-off and qualifying master netting arrangements with various counterparties.

The fair value of derivatives outstanding as of 31 December 2005 and 2006 is as follows:

CHF millions
Interest rate contracts

Forwards and futures

Options

Swaps 

Total 

Equity and index contracts

Forwards and futures

Options 

Swaps

Other 

Total 

Foreign currency

Options

Swaps 

Total 

Other derivatives

Credit derivatives

Weather derivatives

Other 

Total 

As of 31 December 2005
Carrying
value
assets/
liabilities

Negative
fair value

Positive
fair value

As of 31 December 2006
Carrying
value
assets/
liabilities

Negative
fair value

Positive
fair value

26

9

–5

–5

3 133 –3 212

3 168 –3 222

21

4

–79

–54

24 

–71

–47

2 863  –3 062

2 887 –3 133

–199

–246

4

–23

–19

260 

–343

–83

2 120 –2 377

–257

1 999  –2 146

–147

202

–148

–11

54

–11

2 124 –2 400

–276

2 461 –2 648

–187

279

–284  

–5

1 017 –1 218

1 017 –1 218

–201

–201

1 286  –1 496

1 565 –1 780

–210

–215

805

56

190

1 051

–619

–81

–176

–876

186

–25

14

175

1 427 –1 041

95 

133 

–124

–205

1 655 –1 370

386

–29

–72

285

Total derivative financial instruments  7 360 –7 716

–356

8 568 –8 931

–363

128  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
128  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

The Group has reviewed the right of offset arrangements in certain derivative related col-
lateral contracts and concluded that the Group has both the right and the intent to offset 
collateral assets/liabilities and derivative assets/liabilities. As a result, the Group has 
changed the presentation of the relevant assets/liabilities to a net presentation. The 
equivalent impact to the 2005 balances would be to decrease the carrying value of de-
rivative assets/liabilities to minus CHF 788 million. The balance sheet impact in 2005 
would have been to reduce both financial services assets and liabilities by CHF 1 552 
million. The change has no impact on net income or shareholders’ equity. 

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, other invested assets include derivative financial
instruments with a fair value of CHF 562 million and CHF 718 million, respectively.

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, other financial services assets include derivative fi-
nancial instruments with a fair value of CHF 2 367 million and CHF 2 086 million respec-
tively.

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006 other accrued expenses and other liabilities
include derivative financial instruments with a fair value of CHF 394 million and CHF 555 
million, respectively.

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, other financial services liabilities include derivative 
financial instruments with a fair value of CHF 2 891 million and CHF 2 612 million re-
spectively. 

These derivative financial instruments include cash flow hedges with a fair value of
CHF 60 million and CHF 31million as of 31 December 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Hedges of the net investment in a
Hedges of the net investment in a
foreign operation
foreign operation

For the years ended 31 December 2005 and 2006, the Group recorded net unrealised 
foreign currency transaction losses of CHF nil and CHF 96 million, respectively, in foreign 
currency translation related to hedges of the foreign currency exposure of its net invest-
ments in foreign operations.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  129
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  129

Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

4.  Acquisitions and dispositions

On 9 June 2006, Swiss Re completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding com-
mon shares of GE Insurance Solutions Corporation, excluding its US life and health oper-
ation and certain other assets and liabilities, from General Electric Company. The total 
cost of investment was USD 8.8 billion, including reimbursement of capital injected 
since November 2005 of USD 1.2 billion and estimated purchase price adjustments. The 
results of the operations of GE Insurance Solutions have been included in the consolidat-
ed financial statements since 9 June 2006. The transaction contributes to Swiss Re’s 
global diversification. It closely complements the Group’s existing business profile while 
extending the franchise, client base and product offering. The integration of the acquired 
operations will streamline the combined organisations.

In addition Swiss Re acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of GE Life Group 
Limited, GE Insurance Holdings Limited and GE Life Services Limited for a cash payment 
of GBP 465 million. Swiss Re has acquired around 400 000 policies with total assets of 
over GBP 8 billion. The acquisition was completed on 14 December 2006. By acquiring 
GE Life’s operations Swiss Re will complement the existing Admin ReSM platform.

Determination of purchase price
Determination of purchase price

Millions (except share data)
Number of Swiss Re common shares delivered to GE

CHF

USD

as of 9 June 2006

33 300 957 33 300 957

Swiss Re’s share price (volume weighted average price over

20 trading days before 7 June 2006 ) 

Fair value of Swiss Re’s common shares delivered to GE 

Mandatory convertible instruments 

Cash 

Transaction cost 

Purchase price 

Capital contribution1 

Other2

Total cost of investment

87.58

2 916

610

5 456

57

9 039

1 519

192

10 750

72.07

2 400

500

4 435

46

7 381

1 235

156

8 772

1  Swiss Re had agreed that in the event that General Electric (i) provided capital to the GE Insurance Solutions 

business in response to an increase in any rating agency’s capital requirements for the insurance or reinsurance 
industry or (ii) otherwise provided capital to the GE Insurance Solutions business, Swiss Re would pay General 
Electric an amount equal to such capital increase, net of any capital distributions. 

2  Swiss Re agreed to pay to General Electric in cash an amount equal to the undistributed proceeds of the re-

demption of shares of common stock of a GE Insurance Solutions subsidiary. Swiss Re is entitled to the undis-
tributed proceeds. In addition, this includes adjustments to the consideration identified as of 31 December 
2006.

130  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
130  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Allocation of the purchase price
Allocation of the purchase price

Intangible assets
Intangible assets

The purchase price has been allocated based on a preliminary estimate of the fair value 
of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. The allocation re-
quires significant judgement and it is possible that the preliminary estimates will change 
as the purchase price allocations are finalised. The allocation of the purchase price in-
cluded adjustments to the following assets and liabilities:

CHF millions
Total cost of investment at 31 December 2006
Net assets acquired
Historic intangibles set to zero
Adjustments to assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

  Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses gross

  discounting, net of capital cost
  Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses adjustments
  and reinsurance payables / receivables and funds held

  Customer intangible assets

  Liabilities for policy benefits for life and health

  Present value of future profits (PVFP)

  Restructuring provision

  Other
  Tax impact of above adjustments and other tax adjustments
Purchased net assets excluding goodwill

Goodwill

GE Insurance Solutions
10 750
11 620
–3 551

GE Life UK
1 122 
1 498 
–226 

2 284 

–1 545 

619

–70

1 170

–89

–579
–646

9 213

1 537

–343 

 195

–9
7

1 122 

Historic intangible assets including goodwill, deferred acquisition costs and present val-
ue of future profits have been eliminated. Qualifying purchased intangible assets, includ-
ing customer related intangibles, present value of future profits and goodwill have been 
established. 

The following table presents details of acquired intangible assets subject to amortisation 
as of the date of acquisition:

GE Insurance Solutions customer related intangibles

GE Insurance Solutions PVFP

GE Life UK PVFP

Amortisation
period
10 years 

25 years 

36 years 

Value
(CHF millions)
619 

1 170 

195 

The goodwill of CHF 1 537 million relates to the P&C business segment. The goodwill is 
not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Equalisation reserves
Equalisation reserves

Under US GAAP, equalisation reserves are not recognised as a liability. The change to US 
GAAP reduced the goodwill of CHF 1 909 million published in the interim 2006
financial statements by CHF 458 million.

Investments
Investments

Fair values have been attributed to investments mainly according to quoted market    
prices. If quoted market prices were not available, valuation models were applied.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  131
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Property and casualty reserves gross 
Property and casualty reserves gross 
and retrocession and reinsurance
and retrocession and reinsurance
payables/receivables and funds held
payables/receivables and funds held

Property and casualty reserves, both assumed and ceded, have been adjusted based
on an estimate of their fair value. This estimate includes the best estimate of the ultimate 
claims payments and receipts and the timing of those payments. The estimated pay-
ments have been discounted and adjusted for the expected cost of holding capital to 
support the reinsurance assets and liabilities.

Life and health policy benefits and 
Life and health policy benefits and 
present value of future profits
present value of future profits

The life and health policy benefit reserves have been adjusted based on best estimate
assumptions at the time of the acquisition. The present value of future profits has been 
estimated based on the best estimate of expected future profits adjusted for expected 
cost of holding capital to support the reinsurance assets and liabilities.

Other assets and liabilities
Other assets and liabilities

Other assets and liabilities have been adjusted to their estimated fair values. For informa-
tion on the restructuring provision see note 16.

Deferred taxes
Deferred taxes

Pro forma financial results (unaudited)
Pro forma financial results (unaudited)

Deferred tax has been recognised on the fair value adjustments summarised above. His-
toric deferred tax assets and liabilities have been adjusted to the expected payable and 
recoverable amounts which the Group expects to realise.

The unaudited pro forma financial information as of 31 December 2006 is presented to 
illustrate the effect on the Group’s income statement of the GE Insurance Solutions ac-
quisition. The GE Insurance Solutions information is based on the estimated revenues 
and net income of the acquired business in 2005 and 2006 and includes estimates for 
the impact of purchase accounting. The 2005 pro forma net income includes USD 3.8 
billion of property and casualty reserve strengthening, made by GE Insurance Solutions 
in 2005, gross of tax. This pro forma information is not necessarily indicative for what 
would have occurred had the acquisition and related transactions been made on the 
dates indicated, or of future results of the company.

Unaudited pro forma results after the GE Insurance Solutions acquisition
Total revenues 

Net income

Earnings per share – basic 

Earnings per share – diluted 

2005
(CHF millions)
46 996

2006
(CHF millions)
41 968

–449

4 870 

–1.45

–1.45

13.61

12.63

132  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
132  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

5.  Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and acquired present value of
future profits (PVFP)

CHF millions
Balance as of 1 January 
Deferred
Effect of acquisitions/disposals
and retrocessions
Amortisation
Interest accrued on unamortised PVFP

Effect of foreign currency translation 

Effect of change in unrealised gains/losses

Balance as of 31 December

DAC
4 855
4 107

–4 099

530

5 393

2005
PVFP
6 315

–393
–794
409

788

210

6 535

DAC
5 393
4 161 

–4 100 

–184 

5 270

2006
PVFP
6 535

1 443
–790 
413 

–245 

194 

7 550

The amortisation of DAC in 2006 represents CHF 3 427 million, CHF 309 million, and 
CHF 364 million for the Property & Casualty, Life & Health, and Financial Services business 
segments, respectively.

Retroceded DAC and PVFP may arise on retrocession of reinsurance portfolios, including 
reinsurance undertaken as part of a securitisation. The associated potential retrocession 
recoveries are determined by the nature of the retrocession agreements and by the terms 
of the securitisation.

The percentage of the PVFP which is expected to be amortised in each of the next five 
years is 6%, 6%, 5%, 5% and 5%, respectively.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  133
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  133

 
 
 
 
 
 
Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

6.  Debt

The Group enters into long- and short-term debt arrangements to obtain funds for general 
corporate use and specific transaction financing. The Group defines short-term debt as 
debt having a maturity at the balance sheet date of less than one year and long-term debt 
of greater than one year. The Group’s debt as of 31 December 2005 and 2006 was as
follows:

CHF millions
  Senior financial debt 
  Senior operational debt

Short-term debt - financial and operational debt

  Senior financial debt

  Senior operational debt

  Subordinated financial debt

2005
1 015
7 217

8 232

2 794

4 389

3 058

2006
1 917
7 201

9 118

2 482

6 765

5 491

Long-term debt - financial and operational debt

Total debt

10 241

18 473

14 738

23 856

Maturity of long-term debt
Maturity of long-term debt

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, long-term debt as reported above have the follow-
ing maturities:

CHF millions
Due in 2007

Due in 2008

Due in 2009

Due in 2010

Due in 2011

Due after 2011

Total carrying value

Total fair value

1  This balance was reclassified to short-term debt.

2005
1 900

1 697

940

953

21

4 730

10 241

10 567

2006
01

1 935

1 818

1 201

917

8 867

14 738

15 081

134  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
134  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Senior debt
Senior debt

Instrument

Maturity
2008 Mandatory Convertible

Issued in
2005

Currency
CHF

Nominal in
millions
1 000

Interest
rate
6.00%

Book value
in CHF
millions
994

2008

2008
2008
2008
2008
2008

2008

2009

2009

2009

2009

2009

2009

Bond

Private Placement
(step-up) 

EMTN
EMTN
EMTN
EMTN
EMTN

EMTN

3 EMTN

EMTN

EMTN

3 EMTN

(Zero coupon Notes)

EMTN

Insurance-linked 

Placement

2001

CHF

100

3.60%

100

17 340
100

various
3 M Libor + 1bp
35 3 M Libor + 3.5bp
3 M Libor + 5bp
90
3M Libor
8 100

177
100
84
215
83

182

32

51

31

55

4.13%

Various

0.81%

0.41%

Various

2006
2006
2006
2005
2005

2005

2004

2004

2005

2004

2005

2006

JPY
CHF
GBP
GBP
JPY

USD

EUR

JPY

JPY

USD

CHF

USD

150

20

5 000 

3 000

46

300

59

2009

EMTN

2006

CHF

300

2009

EMTN

2009 Mandatory Convertible

Bond

2009

2010

Private Placement

EMTN (Amortising

Bond)

EMTN

2 EMTN

Senior Notes1

Credit-linked Note

EMTN (Straight Bond)

Trust-preferred Stock

(Trups)2

Credit-linked Note

Senior Notes1

Senior Notes1

Senior Notes1

2010

2010

2010

2011

2015

2017

2017

2019

2026

2030

2006

2006

2006

2003

2005

2005

2000

2006

2001

1997

2000

1999

1996

2000

CHF

CHF

CHF

GBP

CZK

CHF

USD

USD

CHF

USD

USD

USD

USD

USD

200

610

175

40

300

625

350

735

150

42

9

400

600

350

1.25%

298

Libor + 2.30%

– 2.35%

3M Libor +

0.5bp

2.50%

9.80%

2.59%

4.38%

2.88%

Various

7.50%

5.01%

4.00%

8.72%

Various

6.45%

7.00%

7.75%

66

300

200

609

175

96

18

624

464

898

151

60

6

488

774

490

Various Payment Undertaking

Various

Various

Various

Various

1 426

Agreements

Total senior debt as of 31 December 2006

Total senior debt as of 31 December 2005

1  Assumed in the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions
2  Assumed in the acquisition of Life Re Corporation

9 247

7 183

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  135
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  135

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Subordinated debt
Subordinated debt

Maturity Instrument
2021 Convertible Bond
–

Subordinated Perpetual Loan

Issued in Currency
USD
DEM

2001
1998

Nominal
in millions
1 150
340

Interest
rate…

...first
call in
3.25% 2011
2008

6M Libor
+ 40bp 

Book value
in CHF
millions
1 384
280

329
300

–
–

–

–

–

–

Subordinated Perpetual Loan
Subordinated Perpetual Loan

1998
1998

DEM
CHF

400
300

5.71% 2008
2008

6M Libor
+ 37.5bp

Subordinated Perpetual Loan

1998

DEM

110

6M Libor
 + 45bp

2010

91

Subordinated Perpetual Bond 

1999

CHF

600

3.75% 2011

592

(SUPERBs)

Subordinated Perpetual Loan

2006

EUR

1 000

5.25% 2016

1 598

Note

Subordinated Perpetual

2006

USD

752

6.85% 2016

917

Note

Total subordinated debt as of 31 December 2006

Total subordinated debt as of 31 December 2005

 5 491

 3 058

Swiss Re uses debt to finance general corporate purposes but also to fund “Financial ser-
vices assets and liabilities” (funded business). “Financial services assets and liabilities” 
are structured with the intention of creating assets and liabilities that generate offsetting 
foreign exchange and interest rate risks. Debt that is strictly used for funded business is 
classified as operational debt and is included in financial services liabilities. Operational 
debt is excluded by rating agencies from financial leverage calculations.

Interest expense on long-term debt
Interest expense on long-term debt

Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended 31 December 2005 and 2006, 
respectively, was as follows:

CHF millions
Senior financial debt 

Senior operational debt

Subordinated financial debt

Total

2005
105

146

124

375

2006
121

216

221

558

136  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
136  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Debt issued in 2006
Debt issued in 2006

In April 2006, the Group issued a credit linked note of USD 735 million, due in March 
2011, bearing interest of 5.01%. 

In May 2006, the Group issued a EUR 1 000 million subordinated Loan Note with a per-
petual term, bearing interest at the rate of 5.25% and a USD 752 million subordinated 
Note with a perpetual term, bearing interest at the rate of 6.85%. Further, the Group 
structured and underwrote an insurance linked security of USD 59 million, bearing inter-
est at the rate of Libor plus 2.30 – 2.35% , maturing in three years. 

In June 2006, the Group issued CHF 300 million under the EMTN programme, with a 
three-year maturity and a coupon of three-month Libor plus 0.5 basis points, and CHF 
200 million with a three-year maturity and a coupon of 2.50%. Further, the Group issued 
a mandatory convertible bond totalling CHF 610 million to General Electric with an inter-
est rate of 9.80%. The securities will automatically convert into Swiss Re shares in three 
years. The Group also assumed in the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions USD 400 
million senior notes due in March 2019, bearing interest at the rate of 6.45%, USD 600 
million due in February 2026, bearing interest at the rate of 7.00%, USD 350 million due 
in June 2010, bearing interest at the rate of 7.50%, and USD 350 million due in June 
2030, bearing interest at the rate of 7.75%. These newly assumed senior notes are used 
for funded business and therefore classified as operational debt. 

In November 2006, the Group issued JPY 12 340 million under the EMTN programme, 
with a two-year maturity and a coupon of three-month Libor, and CHF 100 million with a 
two-year maturity and a coupon of three-month Libor plus 1 basis point. 

In December 2006, the Group issued GBP 35 million under the EMTN programme, with 
a two-year maturity and a coupon of three-month Libor plus 3.5 basis points, and JPY 
5 000 million with a two-year maturity and a coupon of six-month Libor plus 2.7 basis 
points. Further, the Group issued a private placement of CHF 175 million, with a three-
year maturity and a coupon of 2.59%.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  137
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  137

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

7.  Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses

The liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses is analysed as follows:

CHF millions
Non-life
Life & Health
Total

2005
59 104
12 655
71 759

2006
80 391 
14 620 
95 011

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending reserve balances for non-life unpaid claims 
and claim adjustment expenses for the periods is presented as follows:

CHF millions
Balance as of 1 January 

Reinsurance recoverable

Deferred expense on retroactive reinsurance

Net

Incurred related to:

  Current year

  Prior year

Amortisation of deferred expense on retroactive 

reinsurance and impact of commutations

Total incurred

Paid related to:

  Current year

  Prior year

Total paid

Foreign exchange

Effect of acquisitions, disposals, new retroactive reinsurance

and other items

Net

Reinsurance recoverable

Deferred expense on retroactive reinsurance

Balance as of 31 December 

2005
50 099

–1 718

–1 040

47 341

2006
59 104 

–2 555 

–1 057 

55 492

13 692

1 000

12 292 

–593 

66

100

14 758

11 799

–1 601

–10 129

–11 730

–2 853 

–10 538 

–13 391

4 616

–1 796 

507

 19  790

55 492

71 894 

2 555

1 057

7 622 

875 

59 104

80 391

The Group does not discount liabilities arising from prospective property and casualty in-
surance and reinsurance contracts, including liabilities which are discounted for US stat-
utory reporting purposes. Liabilities arising from property and casualty insurance and re-
insurance contracts acquired in a business combination are initially recognised at fair val-
ue in accordance with the purchase method of accounting.

138  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
138  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Asbestos and environmental claims 
Asbestos and environmental claims 
exposure
exposure

The Group’s obligation for claims payments and claims settlement charges also includes 
obligations for long-latent injury claims arising out of policies written prior to 1985, in 
particular in the area of US asbestos and environmental liability. 

Due to the inherent uncertainties and assumptions on which these estimates are based, 
however, the Group cannot exclude the need to make further additions to these provi-
sions in the future.

At the end of 2006 the Group carried net reserves for US asbestos, environmental and 
other long-latent health hazards equal to CHF 2 226 million, which includes an increase 
of CHF 1 203 million because of acquisitions. During 2006, the net claims paid against 
these liabilities totalled CHF 244 million.

The Group maintains an active commutation strategy to reduce exposure.  When com-
mutation payments are made, the traditional “survival ratio” is artificially reduced by pre-
mature payments which does not imply a reduction in reserve adequacy.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  139
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  139

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

8.  Reinsurance information

Premiums written, premiums
Premiums written, premiums
earned and fees assessed
earned and fees assessed
against policyholders
against policyholders

CHF millions
Premiums written
Direct
Assumed
Ceded
Total premiums written

Premiums earned

Direct

Assumed

Ceded

Non-Life

Life&
Health

Total

Non-Life

2005

Life&
Health

2006

Total

1 312
17 024

1 192
9 921
–912 –1 484 –2 396
27 053
9 629

17 424

2 504

2 256 
26 945  16 896

1 338 

3 594
11 306  28 202
–979  –1 738  –2 717
29 079
10 906

18 173

1 335

1 192

2 527

2 242 

1 338 

3 580

16 871

9 923

26 794

17 653  11 372  29 025

–953 –1 477 –2 430 –1 354  –1 736  –3 090

Total premiums earned

17 253

9 638

26 891

18 541

10 974

29 515

Fees assessed against policyholders

Direct

Assumed

Ceded

Total fees assessed against

policyholders 

472

539

472

539

–130

–130

455 

563 

455

563

–139 

–139

881

881

879

879

140  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
140  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses

CHF millions
Claims
  Claims paid, gross
  Claims paid, retro
Claims paid, net
  Change in unpaid claims and
  claim adjustment expenses;

life and health benefits, gross
  Change in unpaid claims and
  claim adjustment expenses;

Non-Life

Life &
Health

Total

Non-Life

2005

Life &
Health

2006

Total

–12 332 –9 057  –21 389 –16 825 –9 631 –26 456
5 165
–11 730 –7 753 –19 483 –13 391 –7 900 –21 291

1 304 

3 434

1 906

1 731

602

–3 671 –1 166 –4 837

3 720 –1 922

1 798

life and health benefits, retro

643

251

894 –2 128

228 –1 900

Change in unpaid claims and

claim adjustment expenses;

life and health benefits, net

–3 028

–915 –3 943

1 592 –1 694

–102

Claims and claim

adjustment expenses;

life and health benefits

–14 758 –8 668 –23 426 –11 799 –9 594 –21 393

Acquisition costs
Acquisition costs

Acquisition costs

  Acquisition costs, gross 

–3 802 –2 617  –6 419 –3 970 –2 596 –6 566

  Acquisition costs, retro

Acquisition costs, net

96

396 

492

147

340

487

–3 706 –2 221 –5 927 –3 823 –2 256 –6 079

Reinsurance assets and liabilities
Reinsurance assets and liabilities

CHF millions
Assets

Non-Life

Life &
Health

Total 

Non-Life 

2005

Life &
Health 

2006

Total 

Reinsurance recoverable

2 555  10 636  13 191

7 622

11 077

18 699

Deferred acquisition costs

1 404

3 989

5 393

1 440

3 830

5 270

Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim

adjustment expenses

Life and health policy benefits

Policyholder account balances

59 104  12 655  71 759

80 391

14 620

95 011

31 081

31 081

34 115

34 115

44 899

44 899

42 834

42 834

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  141
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

9.  Shareholders’ equity

All of the Group’s reinsurance companies prepare statutory financial statements based on 
local laws and regulations. Most jurisdictions require reinsurers to maintain a minimum 
amount of capital in excess of a statutory definition of net assets or maintain certain min-
imum capital and surplus levels. In addition, some jurisdictions place certain restrictions 
on amounts that may be loaned or transferred to the parent company. The Group’s ability 
to pay dividends may be restricted by these requirements.

Dividends are declared in Swiss francs. For the years ended 31 December 2005 and 
2006 the Group’s dividends per share were CHF 1.60 and CHF 2.50, respectively.

CHF millions (except share data)
Basic earnings per share

Income available to common shares

2005

2006

2 304

4 560 

Weighted average common shares outstanding

309 827 189

337 961 019 

Net income per share in CHF

7.44

13.49

Effect of dilutive securities

Change in income available to common shares

due to convertible bonds

Change in average number of shares due to

convertible bonds and employee options 

Diluted earnings per share

Net income assuming debt conversion and exercise

72

140

22 943 994

37 275 628

of options

2 376

4 700 

Weighted average common shares outstanding

332 771 183

375 236 647

Net income per share in CHF

7.14

12.53 

In 2004 Swiss Re purchased 9 236 800 call options to offset the exposure to deliver 
Swiss Re shares under the convertible bond issued in 2001.

Share data
Share data

142  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
142  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

10.  Income taxes

The Group is generally subject to corporate income taxes based on the taxable net income 
in various jurisdictions in which the Group operates. The components of the income tax 
charge were:

CHF millions
Current taxes
Deferred taxes
Income tax expense

2005
533
–278
255

2006
 581
715
1 296 

Tax rate reconciliation
Tax rate reconciliation

The following table reconciles the expected tax expense at the Swiss statutory tax rate to 
the actual tax expense in the accompanying income statement:

CHF millions
Income tax at the Swiss statutory tax rate of 21.3%

Increase (decrease) in the income tax charge resulting from:

Foreign Income taxed at different rates

Tax exempt income/deduction for dividends received

Intercompany dividends subject to tax

Impact of tax deductible goodwill

Change in the valuation allowance

Other, net

Total 

The components of deferred income taxes were as follows:

CHF millions
Deferred tax assets

Income accrued/deferred

  Technical provisions

  Pension provisions

  Benefit on loss carryforwards

  Other

Gross deferred tax asset

  Valuation allowance

Total 

Deferred tax liabilities

Present value of future profits

Income accrued/deferred

Bond amortisation

Deferred acquisition costs

Technical provisions

Unrealised gains on investments

Other

Total 

Deferred income taxes

2005
545

–80

–65

261

–113

–244

–49

255

2006
1 247 

421 

–262 

–14

–228 

132 

1 296

2005

2006

410

1 335

87

1 981

967

4 780

–1 175

3 605

720

1 941

348

2 063 

1 410 

6 482

–1 162 

5 320 

–2 272

 –2 469

–484

–336

–317

–1 081

–897

–1 056

–6 443

–2 838

–767 

–230 

–746

–1 577 

–649 

–1 567 

–8 005

–2 685 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  143
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  143

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Deferred taxes have not been recognised on the undistributed earnings of certain foreign 
subsidiaries to the extent the Company considers such earnings as being indefinitely
reinvested abroad and does not expect to repatriate these earnings in the foreseeable
future. The amount of such earnings included in consolidated retained earnings as of
31 December 2006 was approximately CHF 7 572 million. It is not practicable to
estimate the amount of additional tax that might be payable if such earnings were not
reinvested indefinitely.

As of 31 December 2006, the Group had CHF 6 241 million foreign net operating tax 
loss carryforwards, expiring as follows: CHF 298 million in 2007, CHF 61 million in 2008, 
CHF 32 million in 2009, CHF 64 million in 2010, CHF 55 million in 2011 and CHF 5 731 
million after 2011. The Group also had capital loss carryforwards of CHF 364 million,
expiring as follows: CHF 10 million in 2007, CHF 4 million in 2008, CHF 303 million in 
2009, CHF 43 million in 2010 and CHF 4 million after 2010.

Net Operating losses of CHF 678 million were utilised or expired during 2006.

Components of the deferred tax attributes table shown above, including valuation allow-
ances, incorporate amounts that were acquired during the year. To the extent it is man-
agement’s assessment that some, or all, of the acquired attributes will not be realised, a 
valuation allowance has been established in purchase accounting.

Income taxes paid in 2005 and 2006 were CHF 282 million and CHF 742 million re-
spectively.

144  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
144  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Defined benefit pension plans and 
Defined benefit pension plans and 
post-retirement benefits
post-retirement benefits

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

11.  Benefit plans

The Group sponsors various funded defined benefit pension plans. Employer contribu-
tions to the plans are charged to income on a basis which recognises the costs of pen-
sions over the expected service lives of employees covered by the plans. The Group’s 
funding policy for these plans is to contribute annually at a rate that is intended to main-
tain a level percentage of compensation for the employees covered. A full valuation is 
prepared at least every three years. 

Effective from 1 January 2007, Swiss Re has changed the structure of its Swiss pension 
plan to a defined contribution scheme. The plan will continue to be accounted for as a 
defined benefit plan under US GAAP. 

The Group also provides certain health-care and life insurance benefits for retired em-
ployees and their dependants. Employees become eligible for these benefits when they 
become eligible for pension benefits.

Incremental effect of the newly issued generally accepted guidance on employee benefit 
plans as of 31 December 2006:

CHF millions
Prepaid benefit cost

Liability for pension benefits

Deferred income tax liability

Intangible asset

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total shareholders’ equity

Before
application
609

1 297

2 871 

2

1 878

31 461

Adjustments 
–535

After application
74

226

–186

–2

–577

–577

1 523

2 685 

1 301

30 884

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  145
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  145

 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

The measurement date of these plans is 30 September for each year presented (except 
for one UK pension plan with a measurement date as of 31 December).

CHF millions
Benefit obligation as of 1 January
Service cost
Interest cost
Amendments
Actuarial gains/losses
Benefits paid

Acquisitions/disposals

2005
2 454
96
90

Swiss plans
pension benefits
2006
2 803 
115 
83 
50 
–81 
–80 

257
–94

Reclassification/curtailment/termination

3 

Effect of foreign currency translation

 Foreign plans
pension benefits
2006
1 712
63
92

2005
1 332
49
80

188
–48

–5

116

106
–52

416

–7

19 

Benefit obligation as of 31 December

2 803

2 893

1 712

2 349

Other benefits
2006
620 
38 
23 

–12 
–13 

28 

–14 

670

2005
519
28
21
2
42
–12

20

620

Fair value of plan assets as of 1 January

2 362

2 678 

Actual return on plan assets

Company contribution

Benefits paid

Acquisitions/disposals

Effect of foreign currency translation

Fair value of plan assets as of 

283

127

–94

207 

115 

–80 

944

146

60

–48

89 

1 191 

105 

76 

–52 

215 

8 

12

–12

13 

–13 

31 December
Funded status

2 678
–125

2 920
27 

1 191
–521

1 543
–806 

–620

–670 

Amounts recognised in the balance

sheet in 2006 consist of:

CHF millions
Non-current assets

Current liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Net amount recognised

Swiss
plans
27

27

Foreign
plans
47

–10

–843

–806

Amounts recognised in accumulated other comprehensive

income in 2006 consist of, gross of tax:

Net gain/loss

Prior service cost/credit

Total

457

79

536

403

2

405

Other
benefits

–13

–657

–670

60

–46

14

Total
74

–23

–1 500

–1 449

920

35

955

146  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
146  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognised in other compre-
hensive income:

CHF millions
Service cost 
(net of participant contributions)
Interest cost
Expected return on assets
Amortisation of:
  Net gain/loss

  Prior service cost

  Transition obligation/asset

Effect of settlement, curtailment and 

termination

Net periodic benefit cost

Swiss plans
pension benefits
2006

2005

 Foreign plans
pension benefits
2006

2005

Other benefits
2006

2005

96
90
–114

115
83 
–126 

49
80
–68

28

3

–12

91

37 

3 

3

115

14

2

–5

72

63
92 
–76 

25 

1 

-3

102

28
21

–2

–8

38
23 

2 

–8 

39

55

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognised in other comprehensive 
income:

CHF millions
Net loss (gain)

Prior service cost (credit)

Amortisation of

  Net loss/gain

  Prior service cost

Total recognised in other 

comprehensive income, gross of tax

Total recognised in net periodic

benefit cost and other comprehensive 

income, gross of tax

Swiss
plans
494

82

–37

–3

536

651

Foreign
plans
428

3

–25

–1

405

507

Other
benefits
62

–54

–2

8

14

69

Total
984

31

–64

4

955

1 227

The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that 
will be amortised from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic be-
nefit cost over the next fiscal year are CHF 52 million and CHF 8 million, respectively. The 
estimated net loss and prior service credit for the other defined postretirement benefits 
will be amortised from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic be-
nefit cost over the next fiscal year are CHF 1 million and CHF 8 million respectively. 

The accumulated benefit obligation (the current value of accrued benefits excluding fu-
ture salary increases) for pension benefits was CHF 3 973 million and CHF 4 882 million 
as of 31 December 2005 and 2006, respectively. 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  147
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  147

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan 
assets:

CHF millions
Projected benefit obligation
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets

2005
986
872
513

2006
2 078
1 814
1 220

Swiss plans
pension benefits
2006
2005

Foreign plans
pension benefits
weighted average
2006
2005

Other benefits
weighted average
2006
2005

Principal actuarial assumptions
Principal actuarial assumptions

a) Assumptions used to determine 

obligations at the end of the year

Discount rate

3.0% 3.2% 

5.2% 5.2% 

3.7%  3.9% 

Rate of compensation increase

2.3% 2.3% 

4.8% 4.5% 

4.5%  4.5% 

b) Assumptions used to determine net

periodic pension costs for the year ended

Discount rate
Expected long-term return on plan assets

3.8% 3.0% 
5.0% 5.0% 

5.8% 5.2% 
6.8% 6.5% 

4.3%  3.7% 

Rate of compensation increase

2.3% 2.3% 

4.8% 4.8% 

4.5%  4.5% 

c) Assumed medical trend rates at

year end

Medical trend – initial rate

Medical trend – ultimate rate

Year that the rate reaches the

ultimate trend rate

7.0%  7.1% 

4.4%  4.4% 

2015 2014

The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets are based on long-term expected 
inflation, interest rates, risk premiums and targeted asset category allocations. The esti-
mates take into consideration historical asset category returns. 

Assumed health-care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported 
for the health-care plans. A one percentage point change in assumed health-care cost 
trend rates would have had the following effects for 2006:

CHF millions
Effect on total of service and interest cost components

Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation

1 percentage
point increase
14

1 percentage
point decrease 
–11

117

–89

148  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
148  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Plan asset allocation by asset category
Plan asset allocation by asset category

The actual asset allocation by major asset category for defined benefit pension plans as 
of the respective measurement dates in 2005 and 2006, are as follow:

Swiss plans
actual allocation 

2005 

2006

Foreign plans
actual allocation
2006

2005

Foreign
Swiss
plans
plans
target allocation

Asset category
Equity securities
Debt securities
Real estate
Other
Total

37%
42%
17%
4%
100%

58%
40%

34% 
45% 
14% 
7% 

2%
100% 100%

56% 
42% 

54% 
44% 
1% 
1% 
100% 100% 100%

35%
41%
20% 
4%

2% 

Actual asset allocation is determined by a variety of current economic and market condi-
tions and considers specific asset class risks.

Equity securities  include Swiss Re common stock of CHF 12 million (0.3% of total plan 
assets) and CHF 20 million (0.4% of total plan assets) as of 31 December 2005 and 
2006, respectively.

The Group’s pension plan investment strategy is to match the maturity profiles of the as-
sets and liabilities in order to reduce the future volatility of pension expense and funding 
status of the plans. This involves balancing investment portfolios between equity and 
fixed income securities. Tactical allocation decisions that reflect this strategy are made 
on a quarterly basis.

Expected contributions and estimated 
Expected contributions and estimated 
future benefit payments
future benefit payments

The employer contributions expected to be made in 2007 to the defined benefit pension 
plans are CHF 211 million and to the post-retirement benefit plan are CHF 13 million.

As of 31 December 2006, the projected benefit payments, which reflect expected future 
service, not adjusted for transfers in and for employees voluntary contributions, are as 
follows:

CHF millions
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Years 2012–2016

Swiss plans
pension benefits
119

Foreign plans
pension benefits 
68

Other benefits 
13

123

130

128

140

715

68

73

78

85

518

14

16

17

19

110

Defined contribution pension plans
Defined contribution pension plans

The Group sponsors a number of defined contribution plans to which employees and the 
Group make contributions. The accumulated balances are paid as a lump sum at the ear-
lier of retirement, termination, disability or death. The amount expensed in 2005 and in 
2006 was CHF 19 million and CHF 28 million, respectively. 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  149
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Effect of adoption of
Effect of adoption of
fair value recognition
fair value recognition

12.  Share-based payments

As of 31 December 2005 and 2006, the Group had the share-based compensation 
plans described below.

Effective 1 January 2006, Swiss Re  adopted the fair value recognition provisions of the 
new US GAAP accounting guidance on share-based payments. The effect of adopting 
the new guidance is CHF 16 million on net income before taxes and CHF 13 million
on net income. The impact on basic earning per share is CHF 0.04 (diluted earning per
share: CHF 0.04).

Total compensation cost for share-based compensation plans recognised in net income 
is CHF 8 million and CHF 58 million in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The related tax 
benefit is CHF 3 million and CHF 13 million respectively.

Stock option plans
Stock option plans

Stock option plans include the long term equity award programme, the fixed option plan 
and an additional grant to certain members of executive management. 

The long term equity award programme was provided to members of the Executive Board 
and certain members of management. Under the scheme, the beneficiary was allowed to 
choose between the fixed option plan or a restricted share plan.

Under the fixed option plan, the exercise price of each option equals the market price of 
the shares on the date of the grant. Options issued vest at the end of the fourth year and 
have a maximum life of ten years.

A summary of the activity of the Group’s fixed stock option plan is as follows:

Outstanding, 1 January

Options granted

Options exercised

Options sold

Options forfeited or expired

Outstanding, 31 December 

Exercisable, 31 December 

Weighted average
exercise price in CHF
122

2006
shares 
10 258 044

94

69

156

109

122

100 000

–69 840

–450 280

–775 542

9 062 382

155 

5 046 282

The weighted average fair value of options granted  per share was CHF 20 and CHF 13 
in 2005 and 2006 respectively.

150  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
150  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

The following table summarises the status of fixed stock options outstanding as of
31 December 2006:

Range of
exercise price
in CHF 
60–74
82–100
128–187
60–187

Number
of options 
1 653 400
2 398 700
5 010 282
9 062 382

Weighted average
remaining contractual
life in years
6.9
8.5
4.5
6.0

Weighted average
exercise
price in CHF
68
89
156
122

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using a binomial op-
tion-pricing model, with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants in 
2005 and 2006, respectively: dividend yield of 3.0% and 3.8%; expected volatility of 
30.0% and 20.0%; risk-free interest rate of 1.9% and 2.4%; expected life of 6.0 and 6.0 
years.

Options exercisable
Options exercisable

The status of stock options exercisable at 31 December 2006 is summarised as follows:

Range of
exercise price 
60–128

133–187

60–187 

Number
exercisable (vested)
1 012 540

4 033 742

5 046 282

Weighted average
remaining
contractual life
3.9

Weighted average
exercise
price in CHF
126

4.6

4.5

162

155 

The Group did not recognise compensation expense at fair value for the fixed option plan 
in 2005. If compensation expense had been recognised at fair value, the Group’s net in-
come and earnings per share in 2005 would approximate the pro-forma amounts in the 
following table:

CHF millions
Net income, as reported

Add: stock based employee compensation cost, net of related

tax effects, included in net income as reported

Less: total stock-based employee compensation expenses determined

under the fair value method, net of related tax effects

Pro-forma net income

Earnings per share

  Basic – as reported

  Basic – pro-forma

  Diluted – as reported

  Diluted – pro-forma

2005
2 304

8

–39

2 273

7.44

7.35

7.14

7.05

The amount of cash received from exercise of the options in 2006 is CHF 8 million. 

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  151
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  151

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Restricted shares
Restricted shares

The Group introduced a restricted share plan during 2004 to complement the fixed opti-
on plan. No new shares were granted under this plan in 2006. In addition, restricted bo-
nus shares were issued during 2005 and 2006. 

A restricted share plan was granted in 2006 to certain former GE Insurance Solutions 
executives to replace their former GE plan.

Under these plans, 361 929 and 122 070 restricted shares were granted in 2005 and 
2006. The shares issued vest at the end of the fourth year.

A summary of shares relating to outstanding awards granted under the foregoing plans 
as of December 2006 is presented below:

Non-vested at January

Granted

Forfeited

Outstanding, 31 December 

Number of shares
486 059

Weighted average
grant date fair value 
83

122 070

–56 159

551 970

95

82

85

The weighted average fair value of restricted shares. which equals the market price of the 
shares on the date of the grant, was CHF 83 and CHF 95 in 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Starting from 2006, the Group granted a long term incentive plan (LTI) to selected em-
ployees with a three year vesting period. The plan is expected to be settled in cash. The 
requisite service periods as well the maximum contractual term is 3 years. The method to 
estimate fair value is based on a risk neutral approach which uses the current share price 
as an estimate of the share price at the end of the vesting period.

The Group has issued 3 million stock appreciation rights as an extraordinary grant fol-
lowing the GE Insurance Solutions acquisition. The plan will be settled in cash. The requi-
site service period is 2 years while the maximum contractual term is 5 years. The fair va-
lue of the appreciation rights is estimated at date of grant using a binomial option-pricing 
model and is revised at every balance sheet date. 

Long term incentive plan
Long term incentive plan

Appreciation rights
Appreciation rights

Unrecognised compensation cost
Unrecognised compensation cost

As 31 December 2006, the total unrecognised compensation cost (net of expected for-
feitures) related to non vested share based compensation awards and the weighted ave-
rage period over which that cost is expected to be recognised is as follows:

Name of plan
Stock option plans

Restricted shares

Long term incentive plan

Appreciation rights

Total

Unrecognised
compensation cost
CHF millions
20

Weighted
average period
1.4

19

41

54

134

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.4

152  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
152  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

The number of shares authorised for the Group’s share-based payments to employees 
was 529 138 and 806 179 as of 31 December 2005 and 2006, respectively.

Employee participation plan
Employee participation plan

Swiss Re’s employee participation plan consists of a savings scheme lasting two or three 
years. Employees combine regular savings with the purchase of either actual or tracking 
options. Swiss Re contributes to the employee savings. 

At maturity, the employee either receives shares or cash equal to the accumulated sa-
vings balance, or the employee may elect to exercise the options.

In 2005 and 2006, 1 068 610 and 519 991 options, respectively, were issued to em-
ployees and the Group contributed CHF 15 million and CHF 14 million, respectively,
to the plan.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  153
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  153

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

13.  Commitments and contingent liabilities

Leasing commitments
Leasing commitments

As part of its normal business operations, the Group enters into a number of lease agree-
ments. Such agreements, which are operating leases, total the following obligations for 
the next five years and thereafter:

As of 31 December 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

2011

After 2011

Total operating lease commitments

Less minimum non-cancellable sublease rentals

Total net future minimum lease commitments

CHF millions
84
64
55
50

44

190

487

–137

350

The following schedule shows the composition of total rental expenses for all operating 
leases as of 31 December (except those with terms of a month or less that were not re-
newed):

CHF millions
Minimum rentals

Sublease rental income

Total

2005
47

–10

37

2006
66

–9

57

As a participant in limited investment partnerships, the Group commits itself to making 
available certain amounts of investment funding, callable by the partnerships for periods 
of up to 10 years. The total commitments remaining uncalled as of 31 December 2005 
and 2006 were CHF 869 million and CHF 891 million, respectively.

The Group enters into a number of contracts in the ordinary course of reinsurance and fi-
nancial services business which, if the Group’s credit rating and/or defined statutory 
measures decline to certain levels, would require the Group to post collateral or obtain 
guarantees. The contracts typically provide alternatives for recapture of the associated 
business.

In the normal course of business operations, the Group is involved in various claims, law-
suits and regulatory matters. In the opinion of management, the disposition of these or 
any other legal matters, except as disclosed in this note, is not expected to have a materi-
al adverse effect on the Group’s business, consolidated financial position or results of  
operations.

The Group directly underwrote approximately 25% of USD 3.5 billion in excess property 
insurance coverage for the World Trade Center (“WTC”).  Following the WTC’s destruc-
tion, the insured lessees of the complex claimed entitlement to two policy limits for a to-
tal of USD 7 billion in coverage.  The Group initiated litigation in the United States District 
Court for the Southern District of New York for a declaration that Swiss Re could only be 

Other commitments
Other commitments

Legal proceedings
Legal proceedings

11 September 2001
11 September 2001

154  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
154  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

liable for its share of a maximum of one policy limit and to determine the rights and obli-
gations of all parties in interest.

On 3 May 2004, a jury found in favour of Swiss Re that the insureds are only entitled to 
recover a maximum of Swiss Re’s 25% share of one policy limit.  On 18 October 2006, 
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the jury’s verdict in favour of 
Swiss Re.  As a result, the Group’s exposure for claims related to the WTC terrorist attack 
remains consistent with existing loss estimates.

The insureds have claimed entitlement to receive Swiss Re’ share of one policy limit in an 
immediate lump sum distribution rather than as rebuilding costs are incurred, plus ap-
proximately USD 250 million in prejudgment interest. On 8 June 2005, the US District 
Court denied the insureds’ motion for summary judgment that they are entitled to a lump 
sum payment from Swiss Re.  Swiss Re subsequently moved for summary judgment that 
the insureds are only entitled to collect insurance proceeds as rebuilding costs are in-
curred.  Swiss Re’s motion is fully submitted to the court and awaits a decision.

The Group also provided approximately 25% of a USD 1.5 billion excess property insur-
ance program obtained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.  The Port Au-
thority is the lessor of the WTC and owns additional property in the vicinity.  Its property 
damage claim was being adjusted in the ordinary course when, in March 2005, the Port 
Authority indicated that it intended to claim entitlement to two policy limits in connection 
with the same WTC property that had been leased and separately insured under the 
USD 3.5 billion program.  On 27 September 2005, Swiss Re filed suit against the Port 
Authority for a declaration that the WTC property insured under the USD 3.5 billion pro-
gram is not also covered by the Port Authority’s program and that Swiss Re’s liability is 
limited to a single policy limit.  The litigation is in the earliest stages and the parties have 
yet to appear before the court.  The Port Authority has filed a motion to dismiss the case 
as unripe. No hearing date has been set for the motion.

On 9 June 2006, Swiss Re completed the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions, which 
included the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions affiliate Industrial Risk Insurers (“IRI”).  
IRI provided USD 237 million of the USD 3.5 billion WTC insurance program.  On 6 De-
cember 2004, a jury found that nine insurers, including IRI, bound coverage on terms 
that treated the WTC terrorist attack as two occurrences, subject to a maximum of two 
policy limits of coverage.  On 18 October 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second 
Circuit affirmed the jury’s verdict. The amount of the loss and IRI’s proportionate share 
will be determined by separate appraisal proceedings which remain in progress. The 
Group has recorded its best estimate of ultimate liability, which it will update as further 
information becomes available.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  155
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  155

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

14.  Information on business segments

The Group provides reinsurance, insurance and financial services throughout the world 
through three business segments. The business segments are determined by the organi-
sational structure. The business segments in place are Property & Casualty,  Life & Health 
and  Financial Services. The other section includes items which are not allocated to oper-
ating segments.The main items are foreign exchange remeasurement, the mark to mar-
ket of trading portfolios designated to match foreign currency reinsurance net liabilities, 
financing costs for financial debt and corporate centre expenses. The comparative busi-
ness segment information is represented accordingly.

Net investment income and realised investment gains are allocated to the business seg-
ments based on the net investment income and realised investment gains of the legal
entities that are operated by these business segments. Where one entity is utilised by two 
or more business segments, the net investment income and realised investment gains are 
allocated to these business segments using technical reserves and other information as a 
key for the allocation. The Financial Services business segment provides investment man-
agement services to the other business segments, and includes the fees charged in net 
investment income. These fees are based on service contracts. 

Financial Services provides structuring support for certain transactions, for example insur-
ance-linked securities, issued on behalf of the business segments. The Financial Services 
business segment includes the fees charged in net investment income. The business seg-
ments provide origination services for certain transactions underwritten and accounted 
for within another business segment. The commissions are included in acquisition costs. 

The accounting policies of the business segments are in line with those described in the 
summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 1)

156  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
156  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

a)  Business segment results

2005
CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Trading revenues
Fees, commissions and other revenues

Total revenues

Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Operating income/loss

2006
CHF millions
Revenues

Premiums earned

Fee income

Net investment income

Net realised investment gains/losses

Trading revenues

Fees, commissions and other revenues

Total revenues

Expenses

Property & Casualty

Life & Health

Financial
Services

Other

Total

9 638
881
4 000
1 799

16 346

1 988
1 188
27
46

907

85
29
319
220

19 595

16 318

1 560

–14 430

–3 411

–924

–8 668

–3 019

–2 221

–765

–328

–295

–558

–18 765

–14 673

–1 181

830

1 645

379

26 891
881
6 137
3 474
346
283

38 012

–23 426

–3 019

–5 927

–3 081

–35 453

2 559

64
458

17

539

-834

–834

–295

Property & Casualty

Life & Health

Financial
Services

Other

Total

17 441 

10 974

1 100

879 

3 946 

1 521

2 883 

752 

4 

74 

79 

27 

573 

184 

82 

–352 

77 

22 

29 515

879

6 990

1 948

654

280

21 154

17 320

1 963

–171

40 266

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

–11 306

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Operating income/loss

–9 594

–2 827 

–2 256 

–961 

–493

–364 

–646 

–3 459 

–1 373 

–16 138

–15 638

–1 503

5 016

1 682

460

–21 393

–2 827

–6 079

–4 111

–34 410

5 856

–1 131 

–1 131

–1 302

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  157
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  157

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

b)  Property & Casualty business segment – by line of business

2005
CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Trading revenues
Fees, commissions and other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

Property
Traditional

Liability
Traditional

Motor
Traditional

Accident
Traditional

Specialty Lines
Traditional

Total
Traditional

Non-
Traditional

5 095 
319
188

4 095 
781 
 461

2 070 
210 
124 

812 
149
88

2 785 
264
155

14 857 
1 723 
1 016 

5 602 

5 337 

2 404 

1 049 

3 204 

17 596 

1 489 
265 
172 
27
46
1 999 

Total

16 346 
1 988 
1 188 
27
46
19 595 

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

–4 419 

–4 486 

–1 648 

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

–967 

–282 

–803 

–166 

–400 

–110 

–5 668

–5 455

–2 158

–564 

–172 

–38 

–774

–2 153 

–13 270 

–1 160 

–14 430 

–608 

–141 

–2 950 

–737 

–461 

–187 

–3 411 

–924 

–2 902

–16 957

–1 808

–18 765

Operating income/loss

–66

–118

246

275

302

639

191

830

Claims ratio in %

Expense ratio in %

Combined ratio in %

2006
CHF millions
Revenues

Premiums earned

Net investment income

Net realised investment gains

Trading revenues

Fees, commissions and other revenues

Total revenues

Expenses

86.7 

24.5

111.2 

109.5 

23.7 

133.2 

79.6 

24.7 

104.3 

69.4 

25.9 

95.3 

77.3 

26.9 

89.3 

24.8 

104.2 

114.1 

Property
Traditional

Liability
Traditional

Motor
Traditional

Accident
Traditional

Specialty Lines
Traditional

Total
Traditional

Non-
Traditional

6 063 

466 

130 

4 563 

1 160 

323 

1 923 

1 057 

3 251 

16 857 

328 

91 

319 

89

278 

77 

2 551 

710 

52

52

584 

332 

42 

4 

22

Total

17 441 

2 883 

752 

4 

74

6 659

6 046

2 342

1 465

3 658

20 170

984

21 154

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

–2 781 

–1 074 

–433 

–3 721 

–1 448 

–1 051 

–1 808 

–10 809 

–497

–11 306 

–794 

–387 

–394 

–148 

–216 

–85

–674 

–231 

–3 152 

–1 284 

–307 

–89 

–3 459 

–1 373 

Total expenses 

–4 288 

–4 902 

–1 990 

–1 352 

–2 713 

–15 245 

–893 

–16 138 

Operating income

2 371

1144

352

113

945

4 925

91

5 016

Claims ratio in %, excluding unwind of discount

Expense ratio in %

Combined ratio in %, excluding unwind

45.3 

24.8 

80.0 

25.9 

74.6

28.2

98.1

28.5

55.4

27.8 

63.3

26.3

of discount

70.1 

105.9 

102.8 

126.6

83.2 

89.6

158  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
158  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

c)  Life & Health business segment – by line of business

2005
CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Total revenues

Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Operating income

Operating result, excluding non-participating net realised investment gains

Net investment income - unit-linked

Net realised investment gains - unit-linked

Net realised investment gains - non-participating

Traditional
Life

Traditional
Health

Total
traditional

Admin ReSM

Total

6 982
34
1 015
277
8 308

–5 276

–333

–1 520

–348

–7 477

831

742

101

188

89

1 612

590
82 
2 284

–1 453

–445

–92

–1 990

294

212

82

8 594
34
1 605
359
10 592

–6 729

–333

–1 965

–440

–9 467

1 125

954

101

188

171

1 044
847
2 395
1 440
5 726

–1 939

–2 686

–256

–325

9 638
881
4 000
1 799
16 318

–8 668

–3 019

–2 221

–765

–5 206

–14 673

520

379

650

1 208

141

1 645

1 333

751

1 396

312

Operating revenues1

7 930

2 202

10 132

3 727

13 859

Management expense ratio in %

Return on operating revenues in %

4.4

9.4

4.2

9.6

4.3

9.4

8.7

10.2

5.5

9.6

1 Operating revenues exclude net investment income and net realised investment gains from unit-linked business as these are passed through to contract holders via interest 

credited to policyholders and therefore do not have an impact on the operating result.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  159
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  159

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

2006
CHF millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains
Total revenues

Expenses

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Other operating costs and expenses

Total expenses

Operating income

Operating result, excluding non-participating net realised investment gains

Net investment income – unit-linked

Net realised investment gains – unit-linked

Net realised investment gains – non-participating

Traditional
Life

Traditional
Health

Total
traditional

Admin ReSM

Total

7 851 
38 
1 127 
498
9 514

–6 081 

–569 

–1 607 

–481

–8 738

776

688

109

410

88

2 243

625 
87 
2 955

–1 763

–550

–161

10 094
38
1 752
585
12 469

–7 844

–569

–2 157

–642

880
841
2 194 
936 
4 851

–1 750

–2 258 

–99 

–319 

10 974
879
3 946
1 521
17 320

–9 594

–2 827

–2 256

–961

–2 474

–11 212

–4 426

–15 638

481

394

87

1 257

1 082

109

410

175

425

435

561

909

–10

1 682

1 517

670

1 319

165

Operating revenues1

8 907

2 868

11 775

3 391

15 166

Management expense ratio in %

Return on operating revenues in %

5.4 

7.7 

5.6

13.7 

5.5

9.2

9.4

12.8 

6.3 

10.0 

1 Operating revenues exclude net investment income and net realised investment gains from unit-linked business as these are passed through to contract holders via interest 

credited to policyholders and therefore do not have an impact on the operating result.

d)  Net premiums earned and fees assessed against policyholders by country

CHF millions
United States 

United Kingdom

Germany

Canada

France

Australia

Italy

Switzerland

Netherlands

Other 

Total

160  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
160  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

2005
12 175

2 614

1 830

989

1 223

853

849

750

647

2006
12 320 

3 513 

2 560 

1 235 

1 137 

979 

804 

705 

646 

5 842

27 772

6 495 

30 394

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

15.  Subsidiaries, equity investees and variable interest entities

Subsidiaries and equity investees
Subsidiaries and equity investees

Share capital
(CHF millions)

Affiliation in %
as of 31.12.2006

Method of
consolidation

Europe

Denmark
Swiss Re Denmark Holding ApS2
Swiss Re Denmark Reinsurance A/S2

France

329
193

100
100

Frasecur Société d’Investissement à Capital Variable¹

147

100

Germany

Swiss Re Germany AG

Swiss Re Germany Holding AG

Swiss Re Frankona Holding GmbH2

Swiss Re Frankona Rückversicherungs AG2

Swiss Re Frankona Management Service GmbH2

72

80

43

558

0

100

100

100

100

100

Hungary

Swiss Re Treasury (Hungary) Ltd.

0

100

Ireland

Swiss Re International Treasury (Ireland) Ltd.

Swiss Re Ireland Ltd.

Swiss Re Life & Health (Ireland) Ltd.

Swiss Reinsurance Ireland Limited2

Luxembourg

Swiss Re Management (Luxembourg) S.A.

Swiss Re Treasury (Luxembourg) S.A.

Swiss Re Finance (Luxemburg) S.A.

Luxembourg European Reinsurance S.A.2

Netherlands

Algemene Levensherverzekering Maatschappij N.V.

Atradius

Calam C.V.

Reassurantie Maatschappij Nederland N.V.

Swiss Re Life & Health Nederland N.V.

Swiss Re Nederland Holding B.V.

0

135

1

151

320

169

0

197

8

91

0

12

6

1

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

34.95

100

100

100

100

Method of consolidation:
 f 
full
 e  equity
 1  Net asset value instead of share capital
 2   From acquisition of GE Insurance

Solutions

Malta

 3   From acquisition of GE Life

Swiss Re Finance (Malta) Ltd.

3 086

100

f
f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

e

f

f

f

f

f

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  161
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  161

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Share capital
(CHF millions)

Affiliation in %
as of 31.12.2006

Method of
consolidation

Switzerland
Diax Holding
European Reinsurance Company of Zurich
SR Institutional Funds¹
Swiss Re Asset Management (Switzerland) AG
Swiss Re Partnership Holding AG

9
312
16 882
15
0

37.26
100
99.68
100
100

United Kingdom

Banian Investments UK Ltd.

Calico Leasing (GB) Ltd.

Cyrenaic Investments (UK) Ltd.

Dex Hold Ltd.

European Credit and Guarantee Insurance PCC Ltd.

GE Life Group Limited and group companies3

Life Assurance Holding Corporation Ltd.

Palatine Insurance Company Ltd.

Reassure UK Life Assurance Company Ltd.

SR Delta Investments (UK) Ltd.

SR International Business Insurance Company Ltd.

Swiss Re Capital Markets Ltd.

Swiss Re Financial Services Ltd.

Swiss Re GB Plc

Swiss Re Life & Health UK Ltd.

Swiss Re Properties Ltd.

Swiss Re Services Ltd.

Swiss Re Specialised Investments Holdings (UK) Ltd.

Swiss Reinsurance Company UK Ltd.

The Mercantile & General Reinsurance Company Ltd.

XSMA Ltd.

Windsor Life Assurance Company Ltd.

Swiss Re Frankona Reinsurance Ltd.²

Swiss Re Frankona LM Limited²

Swiss Re Specialty Insurance (UK) Ltd.²

North America and Caribbean

Barbados

Accra Holdings Corporation

Atlantic International Reinsurance Company Ltd.

European Finance Reinsurance Company Ltd.

European International Holding Company Ltd.

European International Reinsurance Company Ltd.

Gasper Funding Corporation

Stockwood Reinsurance Company, Ltd.

Underwriters Reinsurance Company (Barbados) Ltd.

1

84

1 435

0

10

358

175

18

914

16

294

73

17

1 526

454

0

5

2

1 132

334

36

7

0

17

43

20

5

6

200

195

0

1

20

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100 

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

e
f
f
f
f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

162  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
162  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Bermuda
30 St Mary Axe (Bermuda) L.P.
Englewood Ltd.
Life Re International, Ltd. 
Old Fort Insurance Company Ltd.
Securitas Allied (Bermuda), L.P.
SwissRe Capital Management (Bermuda) Ltd.
SwissRe Finance (Bermuda) Ltd.

SwissRe Investments (Bermuda) Ltd.

Canada

Swiss Re Holdings (Canada) Inc.

Swiss Re Life & Health Canada

Swiss Reinsurance Company Canada

Cayman Islands

Ampersand Investments (UK) Ltd.

Dunstanburgh Finance (Cayman) Ltd.

Farnham Funding Ltd.

SR Cayman Holdings Ltd.

SR York Limited

SV Corinthian Investments Ltd.

Swiss Re Dorus Investment Ltd.

Swiss Re Funding (UK) Ltd.

Swiss Re Hedge Funds SPC

Swiss Re Strategic Investments (UK) Ltd.

Cobham Funding Ltd.

Kilgallon Finance Ltd.

United States

Conning & Company and group companies

Facility Insurance Corporation

Facility Insurance Holding Corporation

Life Re Capital Trust I

North American Capacity Insurance Company

North American Elite Insurance Company

North American Specialty Insurance Company

Reassure America Life Insurance Company 

Sage Life Holdings of America Inc.

Southwestern Life Insurance Company

Swiss Re Alternative Assets LLC

Swiss Re America Holding Corporation

Swiss Re Asset Management (Americas) Inc.

Swiss Re Atrium Corporation

Swiss Re Capital Markets Corporation

Swiss Re Financial Products Corporation

Swiss Re Financial Services Corporation

Share capital
(CHF millions)

Affiliation in %
as of 31.12.2006

Method of
consolidation

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0

123

119

11

0

0

6

0

119

5

5

0

84

0

24

24

0

1

0

4

5

4

6

3

3

4

0

0

9

1

0

0

0

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

f
f
f
f
f
f
f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  163
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  163

Profile Thema
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 

Swiss Re Life & Health America Holding Company 
Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc.
Swiss Re Management Corporation
Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation
Valley Forge Life Insurance Company
Washington International Insurance Company

SR PA Finance Inc

Swiss Re Funding Inc.

Swiss Re Treasury (US) Corporation

Swiss Re Solutions Holding Corp²

Core Insurance Holdings Inc.²

Coregis Insurance Company²

Employers Reinsurance Corporation²

First Specialty Insurance Coporation²

Industrial Risk Insurers²

Westport Insurance Corporation²

Australia

Swiss Re Australia Ltd.

Swiss Re Life & Health Australia Ltd.

The Mercantile and General Reinsurance

Company of Australia Ltd.

South Africa

Swiss Re Life & Health Africa Ltd.

Swiss Re Africa Ltd.

Share capital
(CHF millions)

Affiliation in %
as of 31.12.2006

Method of
consolidation

5
5
0
7
3

4
0

0

0

11

0

0

41

6

0

6

19

0

14

0

2

100
100
100
100
100

100
100

100

100

100 

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

f
f
f
f
f

f
f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

f

The Group holds a variable interest in various entities due to a modified coinsurance 
agreement, certain insurance-linked and credit-linked securitisations, private equity limit-
ed partnerships, hedge funds, debt financing and other entities, which meet the definition 
of a variable interest entity (VIE).

The insurance-linked and credit-linked securitisations transfer pre-existing insurance or 
credit risk to the capital markets through the issuance of insurance-linked or credit-linked 
securities. In insurance-linked securitisations, the securitisation vehicle initially assumes 
the insurance risk through insurance contracts. In credit-linked securitisations, the securi-
tisation vehicle initially assumes the credit risk through credit default swaps.

The securitisation vehicle generally retains the issuance proceeds as collateral. The 
Group’s variable interests arise through ownership of insurance-linked and credit-linked 
securities, or through protection provided for the value of the collateral held. The Group’s 
maximum exposure to loss equals the higher of the carrying amount of the collateral pro-

Variable interest entities
Variable interest entities

164  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
164  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

tected or the carrying amount of the insurance-linked or credit-linked securities held. The 
collateral held usually consists of investment grade securities. 

Commercial paper conduit vehicles issue commercial paper to finance the purchase of 
assets. The Group assumes the risks and rewards of a portion of the assets held by the ve-
hicle through a total return swap. The maximum exposure to loss equals the carrying 
amount of the assets underlying the total return swap. 

Other investment vehicles consist of private equity limited partnerships and hedge funds. 
The Group’s variable interests arise through an ownership interest in the vehicle or a guar-
antee of the value of the assets held by the vehicle. The maximum exposure to loss equals 
the carrying amount of the ownership interest or the maximum amount payable under the 
guarantee.

Debt financing is a loan from a bank which the Group uses to invest in an investment 
company. The maximum exposure to loss is equal to the credit default of the loan from 
the bank.

The following table shows the total assets of VIEs of which the Group is the primary bene-
ficiary, but does not hold a majority voting interest:

As of 31 December
CHF millions
Modified coinsurance agreement

Other investment vehicles

Other 

Total

2005
4 848

804

228

5 880

2006
5 324

447

6

5 777

The consolidation of the VIEs resulted in a minority interest in the balance sheet of CHF 
702 million in 2006 (2005: CHF 586 million). The minority interest is included in ac-
crued expenses and other liabilities. The net minority interest in income was CHF 39 mil-
lion in 2006 (2005: CHF 16 million) net of tax. The income statement impacts are gen-
erally included in the relevant segment with the underlying movement in income or      
expenses.

The following table shows the total assets of and maximum exposure to loss in VIEs in 
which the Group holds a significant variable interest:

As of 31 December
CHF millions
Insurance-linked/Credit-linked securitisations

Commercial paper conduit vehicles

Other investment vehicles

Debt financing

Other 

Total

Total
Assets
4 372

2 245

1 777

1 397

160

9 951

2005
Maximum
exposure to loss
4 327

2 245

1 305

226

68

Total
Assets
7 861

3 699

3 487

2 683

795

2006
Maximum
exposure to loss
7 786

3 699

1 952

250

777

8 171

18 525

14 464

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  165
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  165

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

16.  Restructuring provision

The Group has recognised restructuring provisions for the acquired activities of GE Insur-
ance Solutions, which is part of the allocation of the purchase price, and for the existing 
activities of Swiss Re, which is a charge to earnings.

The Insurance Solutions provision includes real estate related expenses of CHF 44 mil-
lion, for planned adjustments to the properties owned or leased by the former Insurance 
Solutions, and CHF 49 million for leaving benefits related to the Insurance Solutions busi-
ness. Expenses of CHF 29 million have been charged in 2006 against the provision for 
Insurance Solution activities.

A provision of CHF 104 million has been recognised, for the existing Swiss Re business, 
for leaving benefits associated with the realignment of the business after the acquistion. 
A provision of CHF 13 million has been recognised for real estate related expenses for 
the existing Swiss Re activities. Expenses of CHF 68 million have been charged in 2006 
against the provision for the existing Swiss Re activities.

2006
CHF millions
Balance as of 1 January

Increase of provision

Effect of acquisition of GE Insurance

Solutions 

Costs incurred

Property &
Casualty
2

63

88

–54

Life &
Health
15

24

5

–14

Effect of foreign currency translation

Balance as of 31 December

99

30

Financial
Services
41

16

–15

–4

38

Other

14

–14

0

Total
58

117

93

–97

–4

167

166  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
166  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

           
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

17.  Change in accounting basis

Reconciliation of previously published 2005 Swiss GAAP figures to US GAAP

As of 31 December
CHF millions
Swiss GAAP
Fixed income securities marked to market
Shadow adjustment recognised on fixed income securities
Amortisation and other adjustments to goodwill
Equalisation reserve reversed

Discounting of certain property and casualty reserves reversed

Trading losses (excluding foreign exchange)

Foreign currency translation

Other impacts

Taxation

US GAAP

Reference

Net income
1 451

1)
2)
3)
4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

274
–613

34

–17

913

–5

267

Shareholders’
equity
22 929
1 912
–340
954
569

–1 030

–279

352

–674

2 304

24 393

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  167
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  167

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

References

1) 

2) 

3) 

4) 

5) 

6) 

7) 

 Under Swiss GAAP, available-for-sale fixed income securities are carried at amor-
tised cost. Under US GAAP, available-for-sale fixed income securities are carried at 
fair value with changes in fair value recognised in shareholders’ equity.

 US GAAP requires adjustment to unrealised gains and losses which, when realised, 
would be credited to policyholders. The adjustment affects the PVFP balance, poli-
cyholder liabilities and unrealised gains and losses in shareholders’ equity. Under 
Swiss GAAP, shadow PVFP adjustments are not recognised because available-for-
sale fixed income securities are carried at amortised cost.

 Under Swiss GAAP, goodwill is amortised using the straight-line method over peri-
ods that correspond to the benefits expected to be derived from the related acquisi-
tions. Under US GAAP, effective 1 January 2002, goodwill is no longer amortised 
but is tested for impairment annually.

 Under Swiss GAAP, reserves prescribed by local regulatory authorities for future 
claims fluctuations and for large and catastrophic losses are established and inclu-
ded in the unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses liability. Under US GAAP, 
equalisation reserves are not recognised as a liability.

 Under Swiss GAAP, Swiss Re discounted certain property and casualty reserves, 
principally provisions which are discounted under US statutory accounting policies. 
This approach is permitted but not required under US GAAP. Swiss Re has adopted 
a policy not to discount property and casualty reserves under US GAAP. Purchase 
GAAP accounting is not affected by this policy and requires acquired assets and lia-
bilities to be recognised at fair value.

 With the adoption of US GAAP the Group designated certain fixed income securi-
ties as trading. Trading securities are remeasured through earnings rather than 
shareholders’ equity, including the associated foreign exchange effect. Future mark- 
to-market movements on such trading securities will be reflected in earnings. 

 Under Swiss GAAP, entities generally treated foreign currencies as functional. Un-
der US GAAP, certain entities have now changed to a single functional currency. 
Non-monetary assets and liabilities, except for those carried at fair value, are re-
measured at historical rates. Fixed income and equity securities available-for-sale 
are remeasured at current rates through unrealised gains/losses in shareholders’ 
equity.

8) 

 Represents the effect on income tax expense and deferred tax assets/liabilities of 
the adoption of the new accounting basis.

168  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
168  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Notes to the Group financial statements 
Profile Thema

Report of the Group auditors

Report of the Group auditors
To the Annual General Meeting of
Swiss Reinsurance Company
Zurich

As auditors of the Group, we have audited the consolidated financial statements (income 
statement, balance sheet, statement of shareholders’ equity, statement of comprehen-
sive income, statement of cash flow and notes to the Group financial statements /pages 
109 to 168) of the Swiss Re Group for the year ended 31 December 2006.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Board of Directors. 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements 
based on our audit. We confirm that we meet the legal requirements concerning profes-
sional qualification and independence.

Our audit was conducted in accordance with Swiss Auditing Standards and with the
International Standards on Auditing, which require that an audit be planned and per-
formed to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial state-
ments are free from material misstatement. We have examined on a test basis evidence 
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. We 
have also assessed the accounting principles used, significant estimates made and the 
overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides 
a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the finan-
cial position, the results of operations and the cash flows in accordance with accounting 
principles generally accepted in the United States of America and comply with Swiss law.

We recommend that the consolidated financial statements submitted to you be approved.

PricewaterhouseCoopers AG

David JA Law 
Auditor in charge

Dawn M Kink

Zurich, 28 February 2007

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  169
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  169

Profile Thema

170  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
170  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Profile Thema
Financial statements

Annual report
Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Reinsurance and holding company
Reinsurance and holding company

Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, performs a dual role within the Swiss Re Group as 
both a reinsurance company and a holding company. The assessment of the market
position, profitability and financial strength of Swiss Re’s worldwide organisation must 
focus primarily on the consolidated financial statements.

The following commentary on the 2006 financial year of the parent company therefore 
complements the review of the financial year of the Swiss Re Group.

Financial year 2006
Financial year 2006

The after-tax profit for the financial year based on the Swiss legal accounting regulations 
amounted to CHF 2.1 billion, compared to CHF 1.1 billion in the previous year.

Accounting policy
Accounting policy

Reinsurance result
Reinsurance result

Investment result
Investment result

The business year was characterised by a substantially improved reinsurance result 
mainly due to the lower natural catastrophe claims compared with the previous year. The 
investment result in contrast decreased mainly as a consequence of lower realised gains 
on sale of investments.

In the year under report Swiss Re completed the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions. 
This transaction had a significant impact on the balance sheet and income statement 
2006.

Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, modified its accounting policy in 2006, with respect 
to the valuation methodology for determining liabilities for life and health policy benefits. 
For details on the accounting policy refer to page 177. The transition impact and the
prior-year comparative figures are disclosed in note “Change of accounting policy for
liabilities for life and health policy benefits” on page 184.

Gross premiums written decreased from CHF 23.1 billion to CHF 19.9 billion. The 2005 
premium peak resulted mainly from the portfolio transaction with Swiss Reinsurance 
Company’s life and health subsidiaries in connection with the ALPS II securitisation. In 
the year under report, the absence of this one-off effect was partly compensated by the 
extension of Group internal retrocession as a result of the acquisition of GE Insurance
Solutions.

Claims and claim adjustment expenses decreased by 10% to CHF 11.2 billion, reflecting 
mainly the quiet hurricane season in the United States as well as lower catastrophes in 
Europe.

Life and health benefits and acquisition costs were affected by the change in the valua-
tion methodology for determining the liabilities for life and health policy benefits. In
addition, the reduction of life and health benefits reflects the non-recurring impact of the 
portfolio transaction in connection with the ALPS II securitisation in 2005.

The investment result decreased slightly to CHF 1.7 billion. The significantly increased
income from subsidiaries and affiliated companies was offset by the absence of the large 
net realised gains achieved in 2005 on the sale of investments. The investment result
includes the impact of derivative financial instruments to cover certain reinsurance expo-
sures. These contracts predominantly refer to insurance-linked securities, which provide 
protection against lower-layer earnings volatility events as well as higher-layer capital 
events.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  171
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  171

Profile Thema
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Other income and expenses
Other income and expenses

Other interest income and expenses both increased due to financing transactions in
connection with the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions.

Assets
Assets

Liabilities
Liabilities

Shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity

Total assets rose by 10% to CHF 92.2 billion. This increase is reflected in the higher invest-
ments in equity and fixed income securities. Higher investments in subsidiaries and
affiliated companies and other receivables resulted from the acquisition of GE Insurance 
Solutions.

Liabilities increased by CHF 2.5 billion to CHF 73.8 billion reflecting the issuance of man-
datory convertible instruments and hybrid debt due to the financing of the GE Insurance 
Solutions acquisition.

An equalisation reserve of CHF 250 million was established for future claims fluctuations 
and for large and catastrophe losses.

Shareholders’ equity at 31 December 2005 amounted to CHF 12.8 billion before alloca-
tion of profit. After the dividend payment of CHF 776 million for 2005, the issuance of 
new shares, and the inclusion of the profit for the 2006 financial year, shareholders’
equity increased to CHF 18.4 billion at year-end 2006. Other reserves increased from
CHF 11.0 billion to CHF 15.5 billion in 2006, due to the newly issued shares, mainly in 
connection with the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions.

The nominal share capital of the company amounted to CHF 37 million on 31 December 
2006, following the new share issuance.

172  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
172  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Income statement
Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

For the years ended 31 December

CHF millions
Reinsurance
Premiums earned
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Change in equalisation reserve
Acquisition costs
Other reinsurance result
Operating costs
Allocated investment return
Reinsurance result

Investments

Investment income

Investment expenses

Allocated investment return

Investment result

Other income and expenses

Other interest income

Other interest expenses

Other income

Other expenses

Result from other income and expenses

Income before tax

Tax

Net income

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Notes 
1

2005

2006

17 742
–12 434
–3 323
–
–3 284
520
–1 108
917
–970

16 083
–11 210
1 112
–250
–5 786
972
–1 379
1 095
637

2

4 485

–1 453

–917

2 115

5 431

–2 634

–1 095

1 702

120

–194

340

–200

66

1 211

–142

1 069

244

–301

122

–190

–125

2 214

–70

2 144

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  173
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  173

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Balance sheet
Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

As of 31 December

Assets

CHF millions
Invested assets
Investments
Investment real estate
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Loans to subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Mortgages and other loans
Equity securities
Fixed income securities

Short-term investments

Assets in derivative financial instruments

Total investments

Tangible assets

Intangible assets

Total invested assets

Current assets

Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance

Funds held by ceding companies

Deferred acquisition costs

Cash and cash equivalents

Other receivables

Other assets

Accrued income

Total current assets

Total assets

Notes

2005

2006

1 024
14 326
7 411
748
6 980
17 338

968

348

970
17 249
8 859
762
8 956
19 204

1 709

562

49 143

58 271

842

69

871

59

50 054

59 201

7 411

18 908

2 515

3 489

121

746

913

7 295

17 698

1 103

2 158

3 134

677

955

34 103

33  020

84 157

92 221

3

3

3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
The company has revised the classification between certain balance sheet categories, as described in the notes on page 177, and
adjusted the comparative balance sheet positions.

174  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
174  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

CHF millions
Liabilities
Technical provisions
Unpaid claims
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Provisions for profit commissions
Equalisation reserve
Total technical provisions

Non-technical provisions

Provision for taxation

Provision for currency fluctuation

Other provisions

Total non-technical provisions

Debt

Debentures

Loans

Total debt

Funds held under reinsurance treaties

Reinsurance balances payable

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments

Other liabilities

Accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Share capital

Reserve for own shares

Other legal reserves

Other reserves
Retained earnings brought forward

Profit for the financial year

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Notes

2005

2006

4
4
4
4
4

4

4

5

39 245
13 153
4 172
516
–
57 086

42 972
11 459
4 248
552
250
59 481

356

1 101

274

1 731

2 464

663

3 127

2 885

5 115

667

630

114

205

905

570

1 680

4 319

620

4 939

2 574

2 851

939

1 193

155

71 355

73 812

32

19

650

11 017
15

1 069

12 802

37

31

650
15 539
8

2 144

18 409

84 157

92 221

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  175
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  175

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profile Thema
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Notes
Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Significant accounting principles

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Swiss Company Law. Swiss 
Reinsurance Company, Zurich, modified the presentation of its financial information. 
The previously reported 2005 financial year figures have been adapted accordingly.
Details are shown under “Balance sheet/Assets classification” on page 177.

The 2006 financial year comprises the accounting period from 1 January to
31 December 2006.

The result of property and casualty reinsurance is based on actuarial estimates over the 
contract life. In addition to the recognition of the reinsurance accounts as reported by the 
ceding companies, empirical experience is taken into consideration. The allocation to the 
business year is in relation to the amount of reinsurance coverage provided.

The result of life and health reinsurance is the amount that has been earned over the
coverage period. Provisions for life and health business are determined by actuarial 
methods.

Contracts which do not meet risk transfer requirements, defined as transferring a reason-
able probability of a significant loss to the reinsurer, are accounted for as deposit ar-
rangements. Deposit amounts are adjusted for payments received and made, as well as 
for amortisation or accretion of interest. 

The allocated investment return contains the calculated interest generated on the invest-
ments covering the technical provisions. The interest rate reflects the currency-weighted, 
five-year average yield on five-year government bonds.

The overall management expenses are allocated to the reinsurance business and the 
investment business on an imputed basis.

The taxes relate to the financial year and include taxes on income and capital as well as 
indirect taxes. Value-added taxes are included in the respective expense lines in the in-
come statement. 

The following assets are carried at cost, less necessary and legally permissible depreci-
ation:
–  Investment real estate/own-use property (purchase or construction cost)
–  Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
–  Equity securities and fixed income securities
–  Investments in funds
–  Derivative financial instruments
These assets are generally not subject to revaluation. The valuation rules prescribed by 
the Swiss insurance supervisory authority are observed.

With the exception of own-use property, tangible assets are carried at cost, less individu-
ally scheduled straight-line depreciation over their useful lives. Items of minor value are 
not capitalised. The same principles apply to the capitalisation of software development 
expenses as intangible assets.

Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation

Time period
Time period

Income statement
Income statement

Balance sheet/Assets
Balance sheet/Assets

176  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
176  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Profile Thema
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Balance sheet/Assets classification
Balance sheet/Assets classification

Other assets include deferred expenses on retroactive reinsurance policies, which are 
amortised through earnings over the expected claims-paying period.

The other assets are carried at nominal value in the balance sheet, after deduction of 
known credit risks if applicable.

Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, has revised the classification between certain bal-
ance sheet categories. Specifically, short-term investments purchased with an original 
maturity of three months or less, were reclassified from short-term investments to cash 
and cash equivalents. Therefore, the previously reported 2005 figures of short-term in-
vestments (CHF –2.7 billion) and cash and cash equivalents (CHF +2.7 billion) and the 
corresponding income statement positions, income from short-term investments 
(CHF –40 million) and other interest income (CHF +40 million), have been changed
accordingly.

Balance sheet/Liabilities
Balance sheet/Liabilities

Technical provisions are valued in accordance with the following principles:

Unpaid claims are based on information provided by clients and own estimates of 
expected claims experience, which are drawn from empirical statistics. These include 
provisions for claims incurred but not reported. Unpaid insurance obligations are set 
aside at the full expected amount of future payment.

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits are determined on the basis of actuarially 
calculated present values taking experience into account. For external business, liabilities 
are the greater of cedent-reported information and estimates of own experience drawn 
from internal studies. With respect to the business ceded by the Company’s life and 
health subsidiaries, a prospective gross premium valuation is applied taking into account 
expected future cash flows inherent in the reinsurance contract from the valuation date 
until expiry of the contract obligations. Cash flows include premiums, claims, commis-
sions, investment income and expenses, with a margin added for prudence to reflect the 
uncertainties of the underlying best estimates. The gross premium valuation approach 
could result in a negative liability provision which is typically set to zero.

Accounting principles for life and health business require that no contract is treated as an 
asset on the balance sheet, with the exception of specific contracts (for example modi-
fied coinsurance type of treaties), where an offsetting amount has been paid and is re-
coverable from the ceding company.

Premiums written relating to future periods are stated as unearned premiums and are 
normally calculated by statistical methods. The accrual of commissions is determined 
correspondingly and is reported in the line item deferred acquisition costs.

Provisions for profit commissions are based on contractual agreements with clients and 
depend on the results of reinsurance treaties.

The shares of technical provisions pertaining to retroceded business are determined or 
estimated according to the contractual agreement and the underlying gross business 
data per treaty.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  177
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  177

Profile Thema
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Other provisions are determined according to business principles and are based on 
estimated needs and in accordance with tax regulations. Provisions for taxation contain 
prospective taxes on the basis of the financial year just ended.

Funds held under reinsurance treaties contain mainly cash deposits withheld from retro-
cessionaires which are stated at redemption value.

Debt and other liabilities are held at redemption value excluding liabilities from short 
sales, which are stated at the proceeds amount or increased to the higher market value 
of the underlying security.

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments are valued using the same principles 
applied for the derivative financial instruments included under investments.

Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency translation

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of 
exchange on the balance sheet date into Swiss francs. Participations are maintained in 
Swiss francs at historical exchange rates.

Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates of the year under re-
port into Swiss francs.

All currency differences arising from the revaluation of the opening balance sheet, the 
adjustments from application of year-end or average rates and foreign-exchange trans-
actions are booked via a corresponding provision.

The currency exchange rates applicable for key currencies are shown on page 116.

178  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
178  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Notes
Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Additional information on the financial statements

1.  Reinsurance result

CHF millions
Premiums written
Change in unearned premiums
Premiums earned

Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses
Change in unpaid claims
Claims and claim adjustment expenses

Gross
23 128
–484
22 644

–8 016
–6 724
–14 740

Retro
–5 261
359
–4 902

886
1 420
2 306

2005
Net
17 867
–125
17 742

Gross
19 891
–632
19 259

–7 130
–5 304
–12 434

–8 181
–4 752
–12 933

Retro
–3 579
403
–3 176

1 796
–73
1 723

2006
Net
16 312
–229
16 083

–6 385
–4 825
–11 210

Life and health benefits

–5 381

2 058

–3 323

1 853

–741

1 112

Change in equalisation reserve

Fixed commissions

Profit commissions

Acquisition costs

Other reinsurance income and expenses

Result from cash deposits

Other reinsurance result

Operating costs

Allocated investment return

Reinsurance result

–

–3 426

–475

–3 901

–30

600

570

–

598

19

617

–10

–40

–50

–

–250

–

–250

–6 116

–370

–6 486

150

1 057

1 207

657

43

700

–69

–166

–235

–2 828

–456

–3 284

–40

560

520

–1 108

917

–970

–5 459

–327

–5 786

81

891

972

–1 379

1 095

637

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  179
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  179

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

2.  Investment result

CHF millions
Income from investment real estate
Income from subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Income from equity securities
Income from fixed income securities, mortgages and other loans
Income from short-term investments
Income from investment services
Realised gains on sale of investments
Investment income

Investment management expenses

Valuation adjustments on investments

Realised losses on sale of investments

Investment expenses

Allocated investment return

Investment result

2005
95
710
639
660
8
60
2 313
4 485

–125

–1 137

–191

–1 453

–917

2 115

2006
90
2 234
574
789
47
66
1 631
5 431

–195

–695

–1 744

–2 634

–1 095

1 702

The company has revised the classification between certain balance sheet categories, as described in the notes on page 177, and
adjusted the comparative income statement positions.

3.  Assets from reinsurance

CHF millions
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance

Funds held by ceding companies

Deferred acquisition costs

Assets from reinsurance

Gross
7 274

18 833

2 829

28 936

Retro
137

75

–314

–102

2005
Net
7 411

18 908

2 515

28 834

Gross
7 039

17 698

1 256

25 993

Retro
256

–

–153

103

2006
Net
7 295

17 698

1 103

26 096

180  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
180  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

4.  Liabilities from reinsurance

CHF millions
Unpaid claims
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Provisions for profit commissions
Equalisation reserve
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Liabilities from reinsurance

Gross
43 074
14 981
4 741
523
–
–
3 654
66 973

Retro
–3 829
–1 828
–569
–7
–
2 885
1 461
–1 887

2005
Net
39 245
13 153
4 172
516
–
2 885
5 115
65 086

Gross
46 777
12 449
5 202
565
250
–
1 217
66 460

Retro
–3 805
–990
–954
–13
–
2 574
1 634
–1 554

2006
Net
42 972
11 459
4 248
552
250
2 574
2 851
64 906

5.  Shareholders’ equity

Change in shareholders’ equity

CHF millions
Shareholders’ equity on 31 December (previous year)

Dividend paid for the previous year

Capital increase including premium

Profit for the financial year

Shareholders’ equity on 31 December before allocation of profit

Dividend payment
Shareholders’ equity on 31 December after allocation of profit

¹  Board of Directors’ proposal to the Annual General Meeting of 20 April 2007 subject to the actual number of shares outstanding and eligible for dividend.

Sources of shareholders’ equity (after allocation of profit)

CHF millions
From nominal capital

From share premium

From profit allocation

From other allocations

Shareholders’ equity on 31 December after allocation of profit

2005
12 227

–497

3

1 069

12 802

–776
12 026

2006
12 802

–776

4 239

2 144

18 409

–1 2181
17 191

2005
32

5 774

5 921

299

2006
37

10 008

6 847

299

12 026

17 191

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  181
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  181

 
Profile Thema
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich

Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities, mainly towards Group companies, amounted on 31 December 2006 
to CHF 3 076 million (2005: CHF 3 027 million). In addition, there were 24 unlimited 
guarantees; 21 of these are for obligations of Group companies. No payments are ex-
pected under these guarantees.

Leasing contracts
Leasing contracts

Off-balance sheet commitments from operating leases for the next five years and there-
after totalled in the following amounts:

CHF millions
2006
2007

2008

2009

2010

After 2011

2005
14
10

7

4

3

1

2006
–
13

8

3

2

1

These commitments pertain to the non-cancellable contract periods and refer primarily 
to office and apartment space rented by the company.

In addition, a financial lease of IT hardware is recognised on the balance sheet. The cor-
responding assets and liability of CHF 19 million (2005: CHF nil) are included in the posi-
tions tangible assets and other liabilities respectively.

To secure the technical provisions on the 2006 balance sheet date, securities of 
CHF 11 286 million (2005: CHF 11 112 million) were deposited in favour of ceding 
companies, of which CHF 6 906 million (2005: CHF 6 758 million) was to Group 
companies.

Under securities lending agreements, on 31 December 2006, securities of CHF 5 503 
million (2005: CHF 6 048 million) were lent with the right to be sold or pledged by the 
borrowing entity, of which CHF 3 362 million (2005: CHF 4 542 million) was to Group 
companies. The securities which were held and lent by the Swiss Re Institutional Fund,
a separate legal entity, are excluded.

Equity securities of CHF 5 789 million (2005: CHF 4 325 million) and fixed income 
securities of CHF 4 607 million (2005: CHF 5 199 million) were held in investment 
funds, which are fully owned by Swiss Re Group companies and the Swiss Re Pension 
Fund. The securities in these funds and their revenues continue to be reported in the cor-
responding asset category.

Security deposits
Security deposits

Securities lending
Securities lending

Investment funds
Investment funds

Fire insurance value of tangible assets
Fire insurance value of tangible assets

The insurance value of tangible assets, comprising the real estate portfolio and 
other tangible assets, amounted on 31 December 2006 to CHF 2 364 million 
(2005: CHF 2 453 million).

Obligations towards employee 
Obligations towards employee 
pension funds
pension funds

Other liabilities include CHF 6 million (2005: CHF 6 million) payable to the employee 
pension funds.

182  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
182  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Debentures
Debentures

In addition, a provision of CHF 37 million (2005: CHF nil) was established as of
31 December 2006 for transitional obligations concerning the change in the pension 
plan structure from a defined benefit scheme to a defined contribution scheme effective 
1 January 2007.

As of 31 December 2006 the following debentures were outstanding:
3¾% interest, CHF 500 million, 2 July 1997–2007.
3¾% interest, CHF 600 million, perpetual from 15 June 1999 but not less than 12 years.

Investments in subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries

Details on the Swiss Re Group‘s subsidiaries are disclosed on pages 161 to 165.

Treasury shares
Treasury shares

As of 31 December 2006 the Group held 287 624 treasury shares (2005: 206 449). In 
the year under report, 2 262 854 treasury shares (2005: 2 948 105) were purchased at 
an average price of CHF 95.21 (2005: CHF 81.41) and 2 181 679 treasury shares 
(2005: 3 674 784) were sold at an average price of CHF 94.50 (2005: CHF 83.27).

Deposit account
Deposit account

Deposit arrangements generated the following balances which are included in:

CHF millions
Reinsurance result

Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance

Funds held by ceding companies

Funds held under reinsurance treaties

Reinsurance balances payable

Claims on and obligations towards 
Claims on and obligations towards 
Group companies
Group companies

CHF millions
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance

Funds held by ceding companies

Other receivables

Funds held under reinsurance treaties

Reinsurance balances payable

Loans

Other liabilities

2005
10

378

1 151

64

1 580

2005
2 510

2006
31

287

182

–

566

2006
2 569

14 243

13 714

13

315

2 535

332

165

2 996

331

1 198

345

673

Conditional capital and
Conditional capital and
authorised capital
authorised capital

The Extraordinary General Meeting held on 27 February 2006 approved the creation
of authorised capital of CHF 9 000 000 and an increase of conditional capital by 
CHF 2 000 000.

As of 31 December 2006, Swiss Reinsurance Company‘s total conditional capital out-
standing amounted to CHF 4 649 560 (2005: CHF 2 659 565). CHF 4 000 000 was re-
served for the exercise of conversion rights and warrants granted in connection with 
bonds and similar instruments, CHF 900 000 thereof was reserved for General Electric 
Company, and CHF 649 560 for employee participation purposes.

In addition, authorised capital with shareholders’ subscription rights amounted to
CHF 1 105 337 at year-end 2006.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  183
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  183

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Change in undisclosed reserves
Change in undisclosed reserves

The undisclosed reserves on investments and on provisions decreased by a net amount 
of CHF 159 million in the year under report (2005: no net release).

Major shareholders
Major shareholders

As of 31 December 2006, there were two shareholders with a participation exceeding 
the 5% threshold of Swiss Reinsurance Company’s share capital.

General Electric Company, Fairfield, Connecticut, held, directly or indirectly through 
group subsidiaries, 33 300 957 Swiss Re shares on 31 December 2006, representing 
8.89% of Swiss Reinsurance Company’s voting rights.

The Capital Group Companies, Inc., Los Angeles, informed SWX Swiss Exchange on
22 November 2005 that its holdings increased to 5.10% of Swiss Reinsurance Company’s 
voting rights.

As these shares have mostly not been registered under General Electric Company or 
Capital Group Companies or any of their respective group companies, Swiss Re is unable 
to track, on its own, changes in these shareholders’ aggregate holdings.

Franklin Resources, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, known as Franklin Templeton Investments, 
announced on 20 March 2006 that its aggregate holdings in Swiss Re shares fell below 
the threshold of 5% of Swiss Reinsurance Company’s voting rights.

Personnel information
Personnel information

Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, employed a worldwide staff of 3 745 on the balance 
sheet date (2005: 3 696). Personnel expenses for the 2006 financial year amounted to 
CHF 1 187 million (2005: CHF 871 million).

Management fee contribution
Management fee contribution

Change of accounting policy for liabili-
Change of accounting policy for liabili-
ties for life and health policy benefits
ties for life and health policy benefits

In connection with the integration of GE Insurance Solutions, restructuring charges of 
CHF 59 million were recognised in 2006. As at 31 December 2006 a respective restruc-
turing provision of CHF 34 million remained on the Company’s books.

In 2006, management expenses of CHF 170 million (2005: CHF 194 million) were
recharged to Group companies and reported net in the positions operating costs and
investment expenses. In previous years, such recharges were additionally recorded on
a gross basis in other income and other expenses.

The valuation methodology for determining the liabilities for life and health policy bene-
fits was modified in 2006 to ensure consistency of the Company’s liabilities and thus to 
improve accuracy and comparability of valuations among different lines. The transition 
impact of CHF 92 million is included in the 2006 income statement. On a comparative 
basis, the previous year’s balance sheet positions for deferred acquisition costs
and liabilities for life and health policy benefits amounted to CHF 916 million and
CHF 11 356 million respectively. The corresponding gross amounts were CHF 1 215 million 
for deferred acquisition costs and CHF 12 591 million for liabilities for life and health
policy benefits.

184  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
184  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Proposal for allocation of profit

The Annual General Meeting, to be held in Zurich on 20 April 2007, has at its disposal 
the following profit:

in CHF
Retained earnings brought 
forward from the previous year
Profit for the financial year
Disposable profit

Share structure 

For the financial year 2006

–  eligible for dividend

–  not eligible for dividend

Total shares issued

2005

2006

14 544 084 
1 069 525 771 
1 084 069 855 

7 895 490
2 144 273 601 
2 152 169 091 

Number of
registered shares

Nominal
capital in CHF

358 256 229

35 825 623 

16 184 149 

1 618 415 

374 440 378

37 444 038

The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting to allocate this profit as 
follows:

in CHF
Dividend
Allocation to reserves

Balance carried forward

Disposable profit

2005
776 174 3651
300 000 000

2006
1 218 071 1792
925 000 000

7 895 4901

9 097 912

1 084 069 855

2 152 169 091

¹ 

² 

 The number of registered shares eligible for dividend at the dividend payment date has increased since the proposal for 
allocation of profit, dated 1 March 2006, due to the issuance of new registered shares from options being exercised. 
This resulted in an additional dividend of CHF 139 515 compared to the Board of Directors’ proposal and in lower re-
tained earnings brought forward from the previous year by the same amount.
 Board of Directors’ proposal to the Annual General Meeting of 20 April 2007 subject to the actual number of shares out-
standing and eligible for dividend.

If the Board of Directors’  proposal for allocation of profit is accepted, a dividend of
CHF 3.40 per share will be paid.

After deduction of the Federal Withholding Tax of 35%, the dividend will be paid from
25 April 2007 by means of dividend order to shareholders recorded in the Share Register 
or to their deposit banks.

Zurich, 28 February 2007

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  185
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  185

Dividend
Dividend

 
 
 
 
 
Financial statements Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich
Profile Thema

Report of the statutory auditors

To the Annual General Meeting of
Swiss Reinsurance Company
Zurich

As statutory auditors, we have audited the accounting records and the financial state-
ments (income statement, balance sheet and notes/pages 173 to 184) of Swiss Reinsur-
ance Company for the year ended 31 December 2006.

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Board of Directors. Our responsi-
bility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We 
confirm that we meet the legal requirements concerning professional qualification and 
independence.

Our audit was conducted in accordance with Swiss Auditing Standards, which require 
that an audit be planned and performed to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the financial statements are free from material misstatement. We have examined on a 
test basis evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. 
We have also assessed the accounting principles used, significant estimates made and 
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reason-
able basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the accounting records and financial statements and the proposed 
appropriation of available earnings comply with Swiss law and the company’s Articles 
of Association.

We recommend that the financial statements submitted to you be approved.

PricewaterhouseCoopers AG

David JA Law 
Auditor in charge

Dawn M Kink

Zurich, 28 February 2007

186  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report
186  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Financial statements
Profile Thema

Financial years 1998–2006

CHF millions
Income statement

Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income
Net investment income
Net realised investment gains/losses
Trading revenues
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

19981

19991

20001

20011

20021

20031

20041

2005

2006

16 727

18 051

22 081

25 219

29 058

30 740

29 439

3 131
2 509

3 846
3 588

4 802
4 275

5 765
2 665

286
22 653

246
25 731

395
31 553

455
34 104

5 494
–730
228
365
34 415

4 606
376
472
236
36 430

4 857
1 116
438
243
36 093

26 891
881
6 137
3 474
346
283
38 012

29 515
879
6 990
1 948
654
280
40 266

Claims and claim adjustment expenses

–8 514

–9 333 –12 153 –16 266 –14 485 –14 898 –13 853 –14 758 –11 799

Life and health benefits

–4 881

–6 200

–7 478

–8 532 –10 084

–9 085

–9 331

Interest credited to policyholders

Acquisition costs

Amortisation of goodwill

–3 661

–3 973

–4 883

–5 658

–6 220

–6 854

–6 325

–91

–211

–310

–368

–350

–315

–277

–8 668

–3 019

–5 927

–9 594

–2 827

–6 079

Other operating costs and expenses

–2 698

–2 785

–3 074

–3 384

–3 240

–2 942

–2 940

–3 081

–4 111

Total expenses

–19 845 –22 502 –27 898 –34 208 –34 379 –34 094 –32 726 –35 453 –34 410

Income/loss before income tax expense

Income tax expense

Net income/loss on ordinary activities

2 808

–647

2 161

Extraordinary income

Extraordinary charges

3 229

–783

2 446

450

–450

3 655

–689

2 966

–104

–61

–165

36

–127

–91

2 336

–634

1 702

3 367

–892

2 475

2 559

–255

2304

5 856

–1 296

4 560

Net income/loss

2 161

2 446

2 966

–165

–91

1 702

2 475

2 304

4 560

Balance sheet

Assets

Investments

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities

69 589

85 684

89 584

95 888

86 728

90 653 108 023 130 601 172 507

38 748

90 698 118 793
75 129
108 337 130 200 142 640 170 230 161 857 169 698 184 440 221 299 291 300

74 342

76 417

44 516

79 045

53 056

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses 45 866

54 072

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits 

15 143

23 279

Unearned premiums

3 174

4 251

59 600

29 300

6 131

68 618

41 370

6 399

62 652

37 269

6 754

63 474

37 244

6 457

61 619

43 239

5 748

71 759

31 081

6 563

95 011

44 899

8 025

Other liabilities

Long-term debt

Total liabilities

19 142

18 819

19 764

24 200

32 833

39 205

49 361

81 651 104 508

5 049

4 947

5 058

7 045

5 663

4 807

5 296

5 852

7 973

88 374 105 368 119 853 147 632 145 171 151 187 165 263 196 906 260 416

Shareholders’ equity

19 963

24 832

22 787

22 598

16 686

18 511

19 177

24 393

30 884

Earnings/losses per share in CHF

7.35²

8.55²

10.39²

–0.57

–0.29

5.48

8.00

7.44

13.49

¹  Numbers are based on the Group’s previous accounting standards
²  Adjusted by 20-for-1 share split

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  187
Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  187

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General information

Glossary

Accident insurance
Accident insurance

Accumulation risk
Accumulation risk

Acquisition costs
Acquisition costs

Admin ReSM
Admin ReSM

Insurance of individuals or groups against economic risks in the event of death or 
temporary or permanent disability by accident. A branch of non-life insurance.

Risk that arises when a large number of individual risks are correlated such that a single 
event will affect many or all of these risks.

Cost of acquiring, maintaining and renewing insurance business: it includes the inter-
mediaries’ commission, the company’s sales expense, and other related expenses.

Acquisition of a closed block of in-force life and health insurance business either through 
acquisition or reinsurance, typically assuming the responsibility to administer the under-
lying policies. Admin ReSM can also extend to the acquisition of an entire life insurance 
company.

Asset-backed securities
Asset-backed securities

Security backed by notes or receivables against assets such as auto loans, credit cards, 
royalties, student loans and insurance.

Asset-liability management (ALM)
Asset-liability management (ALM)

Management of a business in a way that coordinates decisions on assets and liabilities. 
Specifically, the ongoing process of formulating, implementing, monitoring and revising 
strategies related to assets and liabilities in an attempt to achieve financial objectives 
for a given set of risk tolerances and constraints.

Aviation insurance
Aviation insurance

Insurance of accident and liability risks, as well as hull damage, connected with the 
operation of aircraft.

Business interruption insurance
Business interruption insurance

Insurance covering the loss of earnings resulting from, and occurring after, destruction 
of property; also known as “loss of profits” or “business income protection insurance”.

Capacity
Capacity

Casualty insurance
Casualty insurance

Maximum amount of risk that can be accepted in insurance. One factor in determining 
capacity is government regulations that define minimum solvency requirements. Capacity 
also refers to the amount of insurance coverage allocated to a particular policyholder 
or in the marketplace in general.

Branch of insurance, mainly comprising accident and liability business, which is separate 
from property,  engineering and life insurance. In the US this term is used for non-life 
insurance other than fire, marine and surety business.

Catastrophe bonds (cat bonds)
Catastrophe bonds (cat bonds)

Insurance-linked securities that allow (re)insurance companies to transfer peak insurance 
risks, including natural catastrophes, to the capital markets in the form of bonds. Catas-
trophe bonds help to spread peak exposures (see insurance-linked securities).

Cession
Cession

ClaimClaim

Claims handling
Claims handling

Insurance that is reinsured: the passing of the insurer’s risks to the reinsurer against 
 payment of a premium. The insurer is referred to as the ceding company or cedent.

Demand by an insured for indemnity under an insurance contract.

Activities in connection with the investigation, settlement and payment of claims from 
the time of their occurrence until settlement.

188  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

General information Glossary

Claims incurred and claim adjustment 
Claims incurred and claim adjustment 
expenses
expenses

All claims payments plus the adjustment in the outstanding claims provision as well 
as expenses for evaluating and settling claims.

Claims ratio
Claims ratio

Sum of claims paid, change in the provisions for unpaid claims and claim adjustment 
 expenses in relation to premiums earned.

Coinsurance
Coinsurance

Arrangement by which a number of insurers and/or reinsurers share a risk.

Combined ratio
Combined ratio

Sum of the non-life claims ratio, acquisition ratio and the expense ratio.

Commission
Commission

Commutation
Commutation

Remuneration paid by the insurer to its agents, brokers or intermediaries, or by the 
 reinsurer to the insurer, for costs in connection with the acquisition and administration 
of insurance business.

Transaction in which policyholders or insurers surrender all rights and are relieved 
from all obligations under an insurance or reinsurance contract in exchange for a single 
current payment.

Cover
Cover

Insurance and reinsurance protection based on a contractual agreement.

Credit insurance
Credit insurance

Insurance against financial losses sustained through the failure, for commercial reasons, 
of policyholders’ clients to pay for goods or services supplied to them.

Directors’ and officers’ liability
Directors’ and officers’ liability
insurance (D  &  O)
insurance (D  &  O)

Liability insurance for directors and officers of an entity, providing cover for their personal 
legal liability towards shareholders, creditors, employees and others arising from wrong-
ful acts such as errors and omissions.

Disability insurance
Disability insurance

Diversification
Diversification

Embedded value
Embedded value

Insurance against the incapacity to exercise a profession as a result of sickness or other 
infirmity.

Risk reduction technique that limits the risk of accumulation by spreading an organisa-
tion’s risks across different geographical locations as well as across different lines of 
business, in order to increase the number of mutually independent risks.

Actuarially determined estimate of the economic value of the in-force life and health 
insurance operations of an insurance company (excluding any value attributable to future 
new business). Embedded value earnings, defined as the change in embedded value 
over the year (after adjustment for any capital movements such as dividends and capital 
injections), provide a measure of the performance of the life and health operations of 
an insurance company.

Employers’ liability insurance
Employers’ liability insurance

Insurance taken out by employers covering employees against injuries arising out of their 
employment.

Engineering insurance
Engineering insurance

Insurance covering the construction and erection of objects, and the insurance 
of  machinery in operating plants.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  189

General information Glossary

European Medium Term Note (EMTN)
European Medium Term Note (EMTN)

Vehicle for raising funds by borrowing from the capital markets or from private investors. 
The EMTN programme itself is effectively a platform, under a standard documentation 
framework, from which to launch such issues on an ongoing basis.

Expense ratio
Expense ratio

Sum of acquisition costs and other operating costs and expenses in relation to premiums 
earned.

Facultative reinsurance
Facultative reinsurance

Reinsurance of the insurer’s risks on an individual basis. The reinsurance company looks 
at each individual risk and determines whether to accept or decline coverage.

Financial reinsurance
Financial reinsurance

Reinsurance that combines risk transfer with elements of risk finance.

Fire insurance
Fire insurance

Funded cover
Funded cover

Insurance against fire, lightning or explosion; it can also include insurance against 
windstorm, earthquake, flood and other natural hazards or political risks.

Reinsurance contract under which the ceding company pays premiums to build a fund 
from which to pay expected claims. The premium less the reinsurance charge is 
paid out to the ceding company in the future as claim payments, returned premiums, 
or contingent commissions.

Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit 
Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit 
(GMDB)
(GMDB)

Feature of variable annuity business. The benefit is a predetermined minimum amount 
that the beneficiary will receive upon death.

Health insurance
Health insurance

Generic term applying to all types of insurance indemnifying or reimbursing for losses 
caused by bodily injury or sickness or for expenses of medical treatment necessitated 
by sickness or accidental bodily injury.

Impairment charge
Impairment charge

Adjustment in the accounting value of an asset.

Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR)
Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR)

Provision for claims incurred but not reported by the balance sheet date. In other words, 
it is anticipated that an event will affect a number of policies, although no claims have 
been made so far, and is therefore likely to result in liability for the insurer.

Industry loss warranties (ILW)
Industry loss warranties (ILW)

Index-linked catastrophe contracts with a dual trigger that require a minimum industry 
loss to occur before the coverage responds to the individual company loss.

Insurance-linked securities (ILS)
Insurance-linked securities (ILS)

In risk securitisation, bonds for which the payment of interest and/or principal depends 
on the occurrence or severity of an insurance event. The underlying risk of the bond is 
a peak or volume insurance risk.

Layer
Layer

Liability insurance
Liability insurance

Section of cover in a non-proportional reinsurance programme in which total coverage 
is divided into a number of consecutive layers starting at the retention or attachment 
point of the ceding company up to the maximum limit of indemnity. Individual layers may 
be placed with different (re)insurers.

Insurance for damages that a policyholder is obliged to pay because of bodily injury or 
property damage caused to another person or entity based on negligence, strict liability 
or contractual liability.

190  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

General information Glossary

Life insurance
Life insurance

Marine insurance
Marine insurance

Insurance that provides for the payment of a sum of money upon the death of the in-
sured. In addition, life insurance can be used as a means of investment or saving.

Line of insurance which includes coverage for property in transit (cargo), means of trans-
portation (except aircraft and motor vehicles), offshore installations and valuables, as 
well as liabilities associated with marine risks and professions.

Mandatory convertible bond
Mandatory convertible bond

Bond that has a compulsory conversion or redemption feature. Either on or before 
a contractual conversion date, the holder must convert the mandatory convertible into 
the  underlying stock.

Motor insurance
Motor insurance

Net reinsurance assets
Net reinsurance assets

Line of insurance which offers coverage for property, accident and liability losses involv-
ing motor vehicles.

Receivables related to deposit accounting contracts (contracts which do not meet risk 
transfer requirements) less payables related to deposit contracts.

Non-life insurance
Non-life insurance

All classes of insurance business excluding life insurance.

Non-proportional reinsurance
Non-proportional reinsurance

Form of reinsurance in which coverage is not in direct proportion to the original insurer’s 
loss; instead the reinsurer is liable for a specified amount which exceeds the insurer’s 
 retention; also known as “excess of loss reinsurance”.

Nuclear energy insurance
Nuclear energy insurance

Property and liability insurance for atomic reactors, power stations or any other plant 
 related to the production of atomic energy or its incidental processes.

Operating revenues
Operating revenues

Premiums earned plus net investment income plus other revenues.

Operational risk
Operational risk

Premium
Premium

Premiums earned
Premiums earned

Risk arising from failure of operational processes, internal procedures and controls lead-
ing to financial loss.

The payment, or one of the periodical payments, a policyholder makes for an insurance 
policy.

Premiums an insurance company has recorded as revenues during a specific accounting 
period.

Premiums written
Premiums written

Premiums for all policies sold during a specific accounting period.

Present value of future profits (PVFP)
Present value of future profits (PVFP)

Intangible asset primarily arising from the purchase of life and health insurance compa-
nies or portfolios.

Product liability insurance
Product liability insurance

Insurance of the liability of the manufacturer or supplier of goods for damage caused by 
their products.

Professional indemnity insurance
Professional indemnity insurance

Liability insurance cover which protects professional specialists such as physicians, 
 architects, engineers, lawyers, accountants and others against third-party claims arising 
from activities in their professional field; policies and conditions vary according to profes-
sion.

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  191

General information Glossary

Property insurance
Property insurance

Proportional reinsurance
Proportional reinsurance

Quota-share reinsurance
Quota-share reinsurance

Reinsurance
Reinsurance

Reserves
Reserves

Retention
Retention

Retrocession
Retrocession

Collective term for fire and business interruption insurance as well as burglary, fidelity 
guarantee and allied lines.

Form of reinsurance in which the premiums and claims of the insurer are shared 
proportionally by the insurer and reinsurer.

Form of proportional reinsurance in which a defined percentage of all risks held by the 
insurer in a specific line is reinsured.

Insurance for insurance companies which spreads the risk of the direct insurer. Includes 
various forms such as facultative, financial, non-proportional, proportional, quota-share, 
surplus and treaty reinsurance.

Amount required to be carried as a liability in the financial statements of an insurer or 
 reinsurer to provide for future commitments under outstanding policies and contracts.

Amount of risk which the policyholder or insurer does not insure or reinsure but keeps 
for its own account.

Amount of the risk accepted by the reinsurer which is then passed on to other reinsur-
ance companies.

Return on equity (ROE)
Return on equity (ROE)

Net income divided by time-weighted shareholders’ equity.

Return on investments (ROI)
Return on investments (ROI)

Return on operating revenues
Return on operating revenues

Return on total revenues
Return on total revenues

RiskRisk

Risk management
Risk management

Securitisation
Securitisation

192  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Investment result excluding result from assets held for linked liabilities divided by average 
invested assets. Invested assets include investments, funds held by ceding companies, 
net cash equivalents and net reinsurances assets. Average assets are calculated as open-
ing balance plus one half of the net asset turnover at average foreign exchange rates.

Life and Health business operating result (operating income excluding non-participating 
realised gains and losses) divided by operating revenues (premiums earned, fee income, 
net investment income, and participating realised gains and losses excluding unit-linked 
investment income and realised gains and losses).

Financial Services operating result (operating revenues less the sum of acquisition costs, 
claims and claim adjustment expenses and operating costs) divided by operating reve-
nues (premiums earned and net investment income plus trading revenues and fees and 
commissions).

Condition in which there is a possibility of loss; also used by insurance practitioners to 
 indicate the property insured or the peril insured against.

Management tool for the comprehensive identification and assessment of risks based on 
knowledge and experience in the fields of natural sciences, technology, economics and 
statistics.

Financial transaction, in which future cash flows from assets (or insurable risks) are 
pooled, converted into tradable securities and transferred to capital market investors. 
The assets are commonly sold to a special-purpose entity, which purchases them with 

General information Glossary

Solvency II
Solvency II

Stop-loss reinsurance
Stop-loss reinsurance

cash raised through the issuance of beneficial interests (usually debt instruments) to 
third- party investors.

Initiative launched by the European Commission to revise current EU insurance solvency 
rules. Solvency II focuses on capital requirements, risk modelling, prudential rules, super-
visory control, market discipline and disclosure.

Form of reinsurance that protects the ceding insurer against an aggregate amount 
of claims over a period, in excess of either a stated amount or a specified percentage 
of  estimated benefit costs. An example of this type of cover is Employer Stop Loss (ESL) 
which is used by US companies to cap losses on self-funded group health benefit 
programmes. The stop-loss can apply to specific conditions or aggregate losses.

Surety insurance
Surety insurance

Sureties and guarantees issued to third parties for the fulfilment of contractual liabilities.

Surplus reinsurance
Surplus reinsurance

Form of proportional reinsurance in which risks are reinsured above a specified amount.

Treaty reinsurance
Treaty reinsurance

Underwriting result
Underwriting result

Participation of the reinsurer in certain sections of the insurer’s business as agreed by 
treaty, as opposed to single risks.

Premiums earned less the sum of claims paid, change in the provision for unpaid claims 
and claim adjustment expenses and expenses (acquisition costs and other operating 
costs and expenses).

Value at Risk (VaR)
Value at Risk (VaR)

Maximum possible loss in market value of an asset (or risk) portfolio within a given time 
span and at a given confidence level.

Some of the terms in the glossary are explained in more detail in note 1 “Organisation 
and summary of significant accounting policies” in the Financial Statements.

Swiss Re uses some of the definitions provided by the glossary of the International 
Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS). For additional insurance terms, please refer 
to Swiss Re’s online glossary of technical terms at www.swissre.com

Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report  193

General information
Profile Thema

Cautionary note on forward-looking statements

Certain statements and illustrations contained herein are forward-looking. These state-
ments and illustrations provide current expectations of future events based on certain 
assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to a historical fact 
or current fact. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases 
such as “anticipate“, “assume“, “believe“, “continue“, “estimate“, “expect“, “foresee“, 
“intend“, “may increase“ and “may fluctuate“ and similar expressions or by future or 
conditional verbs such as “will“, “should“, “would“ and “could“. These forward-looking 
statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which 
may cause Swiss Re‘s actual results, performance, achievements or prospects to be 
materially different from any future results, performance, achievements or prospects 
expressed or implied by such statements. Such factors include, among others:

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the impact of significant investments, acquisitions or dispositions, and any delays, un-
expected costs or other issues experienced in connection with any such transactions, 
including, in the case of acquisitions, issues arising in connection with integrating 
acquired operations; 
cyclicality of the reinsurance industry;
changes in general economic conditions, particularly in our core markets;
uncertainties in estimating reserves;
the performance of financial markets;
expected changes in our investment results as a result of the changed composition of 
our invested assets or changes in our investment policy;
the frequency, severity and development of insured claim events;
acts of terrorism and acts of war;
mortality and morbidity experience;
policy renewal and lapse rates;
changes in rating agency policies or practices;
the lowering or withdrawal of one or more of the financial strength or credit ratings of 
one or more of our subsidiaries;
changes in levels of interest rates;
political risks in the countries in which we operate or in which we insure risks;
extraordinary events affecting our clients, such as bankruptcies and liquidations;
risks associated with implementing our business strategies;
changes in currency exchange rates;
changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards and 
taxation requirements; and
changes in competitive pressures.

These factors are not exhaustive. We operate in a continually changing environment 
and new risks emerge continually. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance 
on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise or update 
any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or 
otherwise.

194  Swiss Re 2006 Annual Report

Information

Important dates
20 April 2007
143rd Annual General Meeting

25 April 2007
Payment of dividend

8 May 2007
First quarter results

7 August 2007
Second quarter results

6 November 2007
Third quarter results

Contact addresses
Investor Relations
Susan Holliday
Telephone +41 43 285 4444
Fax +41 43 285 5555
investor_relations@swissre.com

Public Relations/ Media
Henner Alms
Telephone +41 43 285 7171
Fax +41 43 285 2023
media_relations@swissre.com

Share Register
Karl Haas
Telephone +41 43 285 3294
Fax +41 43 285 3480
share_register@swissre.com

© 2007
Swiss Reinsurance Company

Title: 
2006 Annual Report
Driving Performance

Design:
Addison Corporate Marketing, London

Photographs:
Frederic Meyer (cover, inside cover)
Philip Chau (p 5)
Clinton Global Initiative (p 5)
Matthew B. Nunnelee (p 5)
Marc Wetli (p 10)
Marc Wetli (p 12)
Markus Bühler, Willy Spiller and Stefan Walter (p 13)
Frederic Meyer (p 23)
Charly Kurz (Screenshot), Frederic Meyer (p 26–27)
Frederic Meyer (p 28–29)
Gilles Mingasson (p 30–31)
Pablo Bartholomew (p 32–33)

Printing:
NZZ Fretz AG, Schlieren

This report is printed on paper made from elementary 
chlorine-free (ECF) pulp. Approximately 40 percent 
of the wood used comes from forests certified by the 
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme 
for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC).

Original version in English

The 2006 Annual Report is also available 
in German and French.

The web version of the 2006 Annual Report 
is available at:
www.swissre.com /annualreport

Order no: 1490793_07_en

CCHCC, 3 /07, 14 000 en

Swiss Reinsurance Company
Mythenquai 50/60
P.O. Box
8022 Zurich
Switzerland

Telephone +41 43 285 2121
Fax +41 43 285 2999
www.swissre.com