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Swiss Reinsurance Co.

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FY2015 Annual Report · Swiss Reinsurance Co.
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Swiss Reinsurance Company  
Consolidated
2015 Annual Report

Contents

Group financial statements 
Income statement 
Statement of comprehensive income 
Balance sheet 
Statement of shareholder’s equity 
Statement of cash flow 

Notes to the Group financial statements 
Note   1   Organisation and summary of significant accounting policies 
Note   2   Information on business segments 
Note   3   Insurance information 
Note   4  Premiums written 
Note   5   Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses 
Note   6   Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and acquired present value  

of future profits (PVFP) 

Note   7  Investments 
Note   8  Fair value disclosures 
Note   9   Derivative financial instruments 
Note 10    Disposals 
Note 11    Debt and contingent capital instruments 
Note 12   Income taxes 
Note 13   Benefit plans 
Note 14   Share-based payments 
Note 15   Related parties 
Note 16    Commitments and contingent liabilities 
Note 17   Variable interest entities 
Note 18   Restructuring provision 
Report of the statutory auditor 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
Annual Report 
Income statement 
Balance sheet 
Notes 
Proposal for allocation of disposable profit 
Report of the statutory auditor 

General Information 
Cautionary note on forward-looking statements 
Note on risk factors 

2
2
3
4
6
7

8
8
17
28
31
32

34
35
43
56
60
61
64
68
76
79
82
83
87
88

90
90
96
98
100
112
113 

114
114
116

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Income statement

For the years ended 31 December

USD millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income – non-participating business
Net realised investment gains/losses  – non-participating business1
Net investment result – unit-linked and with-profit business
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Interest expenses
Total expenses

Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income before attribution of  
non-controlling interests

Income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income after attribution of non-controlling interests

Interest on contingent capital instruments
Net income attributable to common shareholder

Note

2014

2015

3
3
7
7
7

3
3

3

12

26 992
163
3 187
550
75
60
31 027

–8 523
–9 602
–450
–5 920
–2 458
–713
–27 666

3 361
–395

2 966

–1
2 965

–69
2 896

26 139
145
2 787
1 028
42
57
30 198

–7 893
–8 559
–386
–5 865
–2 593
–553
–25 849

4 349
–524

3 825

–1
3 824

–68
3 756

1  Total impairments for the years ended 31 December were USD 35 million in 2014 and USD 51 million in 2015, of which USD 35 million and USD 51 million, respectively, 

were recognised in earnings. 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

2  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Statement of comprehensive income

For the years ended 31 December

USD millions
Net income before attribution of non-controlling interests
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Change in unrealised investment gains/losses
Change in other-than-temporary impairment
Change in foreign currency translation
Change in adjustment for pension benefits

Total comprehensive income before attribution of non-controlling interests 

Interest on contingent capital instruments
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests
Total comprehensive income attributable to common shareholder

Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income
For the years ended 31 December

2014
2 966

2 721
3
–734
–291
4 665

–69
–1
4 595

2015
3 825

–1 843
–7
–876
–191
908

–68
–1
839

2014 
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January
Change during the period
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other 
comprehensive income
Tax
Balance as of period end

Unrealised 
investment 
gains/losses1
741
4 846

–1 107
–1 018
3 462

Other-than- 
temporary  
impairment1
–6
4

Foreign currency 
translation1,2
–3 527
–498

Adjustment from 
pension benefits3
–471
–417

Accumulated other  
comprehensive 
income
–3 263
3 935

–1
–3

–41
–195
–4 261

31
95
–762

–1 117
–1 119
–1 564

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

2015 
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January
Change during the period
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other 
comprehensive income
Tax
Balance as of period end

Unrealised 
investment 
gains/losses1
3 462
–1 385

–1 201
743
1 619

Other-than- 
temporary  
impairment1
–3
–9

Foreign currency 
translation1,2
–4 261
–727

Adjustment from 
pension benefits3
–762
–309

Accumulated other  
comprehensive 
income
–1 564
–2 430

2
–10

–149
–5 137

70
48
–953

–1 131
644
–4 481

1 Reclassification adjustment included in net income is presented in the "Net realised investment gains/losses  – non-participating business" line.
2 Reclassification adjustment is limited to translation gains and losses realised upon sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign 
entity.
3 Reclassification adjustment included in net income is presented in the "’Other expenses" line.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  3

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Balance sheet

As of 31 December

Assets

USD millions
Investments
Fixed income securities:

Available-for-sale, at fair value (including 12 325 in 2014 and 10 839 in 2015 subject to 
securities lending and repurchase agreements)  
(amortised cost: 2014: 60 600; 2015: 59 137)
Trading (including 645 in 2014 and 1 729 in 2015 subject to securities lending and 
repurchase agreements)

Equity securities:         

Available-for-sale, at fair value (including 190 in 2014 and 439 in 2015 subject to securities 
lending and repurchase agreements) (cost: 2014: 1 975; 2015: 2 876)
Trading

Policy loans, mortgages and other loans 
Investment real estate
Short-term investments, at fair value (including 2 025 in 2014 and 417 in 2015 subject to 
securities lending and repurchase agreements)
Other invested assets
Investments for unit-linked and with-profit business (equity securities trading: 894 in 2014 and 
818 in 2015)
Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents (including 45 in 2014 and 181 in 2015 subject to securities lending)
Accrued investment income
Premiums and other receivables
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
Funds held by ceding companies
Deferred acquisition costs
Acquired present value of future profits
Goodwill
Income taxes recoverable
Deferred tax assets
Other assets

3

6
6

12

Note
7, 8, 9

2014

2015

65 127

61 134

2 219

2 896

2 396
65
3 908
881

10 520
7 353

894
93 363

5 855
721
10 340
5 346
12 173
4 480
1 899
3 916
109
5 206
2 895

3 091
68
3 832
1 550

4 662
7 861

818
85 912

5 398
670
9 747
4 523
10 668
5 084
1 721
3 756
112
5 269
2 331

Total assets

146 303

135 191

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

4  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Liabilities and equity

USD millions
Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances
Unearned premiums
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Income taxes payable
Deferred and other non-current tax liabilities
Short-term debt
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Long-term debt
Total liabilities

Equity
Contingent capital instruments
Common shares CHF 0.10 par value
2014: 344 052 565; 2015: 344 052 565 shares authorised and issued
Additional paid-in capital
Shares in Swiss Re Ltd, net of tax
Accumulated other comprehensive income:

Net unrealised investment gains/losses, net of tax
Other-than-temporary impairment, net of tax
Foreign currency translation, net of tax
Adjustment for pension and other post-retirement benefits, net of tax

Total accumulated other comprehensive income

Retained earnings
Shareholder’s equity

Non-controlling interests
Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

Note

2014

2015

8

12
11

11

11

52 177
19 284
6 610
7 825
3 083
1 966
802
7 490
4 959
8 016
11 265
123 477

1 102

32
8 823
–10

3 462
–3
–4 261
–762
–1 564

14 421
22 804

22
22 826

49 718
16 779
5 358
8 044
3 041
1 858
272
6 771
4 105
8 964
9 674
114 584

1 102

32
8 730
–21

1 619
–10
–5 137
–953
–4 481

15 222
20 584

23
20 607

146 303

135 191

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  5

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Statement of shareholder’s equity

For the years ended 31 December

USD millions
Contingent capital instruments

Balance as of 1 January
Issued
Balance as of period end

Common shares

Balance as of 1 January
Issue of common shares
Balance as of period end
Additional paid-in capital
Balance as of 1 January
Share-based compensation
Realised gains/losses on treasury shares
Balance as of period end

Shares in Swiss Re Ltd, net of tax

Balance as of 1 January
Change of shares in Swiss Re Ltd
Balance as of period end

Net unrealised investment gains/losses, net of tax

Balance as of 1 January
Changes during the period
Balance as of period end

Other-than-temporary impairment, net of tax

Balance as of 1 January
Changes during the period
Balance as of period end

Foreign currency translation, net of tax

Balance as of 1 January
Changes during the period
Balance as of period end

Adjustment for pension and other post-retirement benefits, net of tax

Balance as of 1 January
Changes during the period 
Balance as of period end

Retained earnings

Balance as of 1 January
Net income after attribution of non-controlling interests
Interest on contingent capital instruments, net of tax
Dividends on common shares and dividends-in-kind
Balance as of period end

Shareholder’s equity 
Non-controlling interests
Balance as of 1 January
Change during the period
Income attributable to non-controlling interests
Balance as of period end

Total equity 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

6  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

2014

2015

1 102

1 102

32

32

8 853
–35
5
8 823

–148
138
–10

741
2 721
3 462

–6
3
–3

–3 527
–734
–4 261

–471
–291
–762

14 660
2 965
–69
–3 135
14 421
22 804

25
–4
1
22
22 826

1 102

1 102

32

32

8 823
16
–109
8 730

–10
–11
–21

3 462
–1 843
1 619

–3
–7
–10

–4 261
–876
–5 137

–762
–191
–953

14 421
3 824
–68
–2 955
15 222
20 584

22

1
23
20 607

Statement of cash flow

For the years ended 31 December

USD millions
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income attributable to common shareholder
Add net income attributable to non-controlling interests

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided/used by operating activities:

Depreciation, amortisation and other non-cash items
Net realised investment gains/losses
Income from equity-accounted investees, net of dividends received
Change in:

Technical provisions and other reinsurance assets and liabilities, net1
Funds held by ceding companies and under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
Other assets and liabilities, net
Income taxes payable/recoverable
Trading positions, net1,2

Net cash provided/used by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Fixed income securities:

Sales
Maturities
Purchases
Net purchases/sales/maturities of short-term investments

Equity securities:

Sales
Purchases

Securities purchased/sold under agreement to resell/repurchase, net1
Cash paid/received for acquisitions/disposal and reinsurance transactions, net
Net purchases/sales/maturities of other investments1,2
Net purchases/sales/maturities of investments held for unit-linked and with-profit business2
Net cash provided/used by investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Policyholder account balances, unit-linked and with-profit business:2

Deposits
Withdrawals

Issuance/repayment of long-term debt
Issuance/repayment of short-term debt
Purchase/sale of shares in Swiss Re Ltd
Dividends paid to parent
Net cash provided/used by financing activities

Total net cash provided/used
Effect of foreign currency translation
Change in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents as of 1 January
Cash and cash equivalents as of 31 December

2014

2015

2 896
1

322
–588
1

–1 092
557
972
–218
–58
–8
2 785

48 287
3 384
–59 378
6 545

5 985
–2 428
219
39
–572
76
2 157

6
–121
37
–1 501
32
–3 120
–4 667

275
–303
–28
5 883
5 855

3 756
1

455
–1 032
70

–200
927
654
–152
–478
319
4 320

39 166
3 721
–47 708
5 106

1 256
–2 010
–2 046
177
2 623
32
317

21
–93
200
–1 945
–2
–2 961
–4 780

–143
–314
–457
5 855
5 398

1  The Group reviewed the nature of certain items within the statement of cash flow. "Securities purchased/sold under agreement to resell/repurchase, net" were reclassified 

from the operating cash flow to the investing cash flow, and certain investment related cash flows were reclassified from "Trading positions, net" in the operating cash flow to 
"Net purchases/sales/maturities of other investments" in the investing cash flow. Comparatives are adjusted accordingly.

2  The Group changed the presentation of its investments related to unit-linked and with-profit business, and related deposits and withdrawals were reclassified from 

"Technical provisions, net" in the operating cash flow to "Policyholder account balances, unit-linked and with-profit business" in the financing cash flow. Comparatives are 
adjusted accordingly.

Interest paid was USD 891 million and USD 652 million for years ended 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively. 
Tax paid was USD 444 million and USD 981 million for the years ended 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively. 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Group financial statements.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  7

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Notes to the Group financial statements

1  Organisation and summary of significant accounting policies

Nature of operations
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (“SRZ”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) are a wholesale provider of reinsurance, 
insurance and other insurance-based forms of risk transfer. Working through brokers and a network of offices around the globe, 
the Group serves a client base made up of insurance companies and public sector clients.

SRZ is a wholly owned subsidiary of Swiss Re Ltd. Swiss Re Ltd is the ultimate parent company of the Swiss Re Group, which 
consists of four business segments: Property & Casualty Reinsurance, Life & Health Reinsurance, Corporate Solutions and Admin 
Re®. The presentation of each segment’s balance sheet is closely aligned with the segment legal entity structure. 

Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) and comply with Swiss law. All significant intra-group transactions and 
balances have been eliminated on consolidation. 

Principles of consolidation
The Group’s financial statements include the consolidated financial statements of SRZ and its subsidiaries. Voting entities which 
SRZ directly or indirectly controls through holding a majority of the voting rights are consolidated in the Group’s accounts. 
Variable interest entities (VIEs) are consolidated when the Group is the primary beneficiary. The Group is the primary beneficiary 
when it has power over the activities that impact the VIE’s economic performance and at the same time has the obligation to 
absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Companies which the Group does not 
control, but over which it directly or indirectly exercises significant influence, are accounted for using the equity method or the 
fair value option and are included in other invested assets. The Group’s share of net profit or loss in investments accounted for 
under the equity method is included in net investment income. Equity and net income of these companies are adjusted as 
necessary to be in line with the Group’s accounting policies. The results of consolidated subsidiaries and investments accounted 
for using the equity method are included in the financial statements for the period commencing from the date of acquisition.

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the related disclosure including contingent assets and 
liabilities. The Group’s liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses and policy benefits for life and health include 
estimates for premium, claim and benefit data not received from ceding companies at the date of the financial statements. In 
addition, the Group uses certain financial instruments and invests in securities of certain entities for which exchange trading 
does not exist. The Group determines these estimates based on historical information, actuarial analyses, financial modelling  
and other analytical techniques. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates described above.

Foreign currency remeasurement and translation
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured to the respective subsidiary’s functional currency at average 
exchange rates. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency at closing exchange rates, whereas 
non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency at historical rates. Remeasurement gains and 
losses on monetary assets and liabilities and trading securities are reported in earnings. Remeasurement gains and losses on 
available-for-sale securities, investments in consolidated subsidiaries and investments accounted for using the equity method  
are reported in shareholder’s equity.

For consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than US dollars are translated 
from the functional currency to US dollars at closing rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates. 
Translation adjustments are reported in shareholder’s equity.

8  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Valuation of financial assets
The fair value of the majority of the Group’s financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets or observable 
inputs. These instruments include government and agency securities, commercial paper, most investment-grade corporate debt, 
most high-yield debt securities, exchange-traded derivative instruments, most mortgage- and asset-backed securities and listed 
equity securities. In markets with reduced or no liquidity, spreads between bid and offer prices are normally wider compared to 
spreads in highly liquid markets. Such market conditions affect the valuation of certain asset classes of the Group, such as some 
asset-backed securities as well as certain derivative structures referencing such asset classes.

The Group considers both the credit risk of its counterparties and own risk of non-performance in the valuation of derivative 
instruments and other over-the-counter financial assets. In determining the fair value of these financial instruments, the 
assessment of the Group’s exposure to the credit risk of its counterparties incorporates consideration of existing collateral  
and netting arrangements entered into with each counterparty. The measure of the counterparty credit risk is estimated with 
incorporation of the observable credit spreads, where available, or credit spread estimates derived based on the benchmarking 
techniques where market data is not available. The impact of the Group’s own risk of non-performance is analysed in the  
manner consistent with the aforementioned approach, with consideration of the Group’s observable credit spreads. The value 
representing such risk is incorporated into the fair value of the financial instruments (primarily derivatives), in a liability position  
as of the measurement date. The change in this adjustment from period to period is reflected in realised gains and losses in the 
income statement.

For assets or derivative structures at fair value, the Group uses market prices or inputs derived from market prices. A separate 
internal price verification process, independent of the trading function, provides an additional control over the market prices  
or market input used to determine the fair values of such assets. Although management considers that appropriate values  
have been ascribed to such assets, there is always a level of uncertainty and judgement over these valuations. Subsequent  
valuations could differ significantly from the results of the process described above. The Group may become aware of 
counterparty valuations, either directly through the exchange of information or indirectly, for example, through collateral 
demands. Any implied differences are considered in the independent price verification process and may result in adjustments  
to initially indicated valuations. As of 31 December 2015, the Group had not provided any collateral on financial instruments in 
excess of its own market value estimates.

Investments
The Group’s investments in fixed income and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale (AFS) or trading. Fixed income 
securities AFS and equity securities AFS are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with the difference between 
the applicable measure of cost and fair value being recognised in shareholder’s equity. Trading fixed income and equity 
securities are carried at fair value with unrealised gains and losses being recognised in earnings. A trading classification is used 
for securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term or for securities where the 
Group has decided to apply the fair value option. 

The cost of equity securities AFS is reduced to fair value, with a corresponding charge to realised investment losses if the decline 
in value, expressed in functional currency terms, is other-than-temporary. Subsequent recoveries of previously recognised 
impairments are not recognised in earnings.

For fixed income securities AFS that are other-than-temporary impaired and there is not an intention to sell, the impairment is 
separated into (i) the estimated amount relating to credit loss, and (ii) the amount relating to all other factors. The estimated 
credit loss amount is recognised in earnings, with the remainder of the loss amount recognised in other comprehensive income. 
In cases where there is an intention or requirement to sell, the accounting of the other-than-temporary impairment is the same  
as for equity securities AFS described above.

Interest on fixed income securities is recorded in net investment income when earned and is adjusted for the amortisation of any 
purchase premium or discount. Dividends on equity securities are recognised as investment income on the ex-dividend date. 
Realised gains and losses on sales are included in earnings and are calculated using the specific identification method.

Policy loans, mortgages and other loans are carried at amortised cost. Interest income is recognised in accordance with the 
effective yield method.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  9

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Investment in real estate that the Group intends to hold for the production of income is carried at depreciated cost, net of any 
write-downs for impairment in value. Depreciation on buildings is recognised on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful 
life of the asset. Land is recognised at cost and not depreciated. Impairment in value is recognised if the sum of the estimated 
future undiscounted cash flows from the use of the real estate is lower than its carrying value. Impairment in value, depreciation 
and other related charges or credits are included in net investment income. Investment in real estate held for sale is carried at the 
lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs, and is not depreciated. Reductions in the carrying value of real estate held 
for sale are included in realised investment losses.

Short-term investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in net income. The Group considers 
highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity at the date of acquisition of one year or less, but greater than three months, 
to be short-term investments. 

Other invested assets include affiliated companies, equity accounted companies, derivative financial instruments, collateral 
receivables, securities purchased under agreement to resell, deposits and time deposits, and investments without readily 
determinable fair value (including limited partnership investments). Investments in limited partnerships where the Group’s 
interest equals or exceeds 3% are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in limited partnerships where the Group’s 
interest is below 3% and equity investments in corporate entities which are not publicly traded are accounted for at estimated 
fair value with changes in fair value recognised as unrealised gains/losses in shareholder’s equity. 

The Group enters into securities lending arrangements under which it loans certain securities in exchange for collateral and 
receives securities lending fees. The Group’s policy is to require collateral, consisting of cash or securities, equal to at least 102% 
of the carrying value of the securities loaned. In certain arrangements, the Group may accept collateral of less than 102% if the 
structure of the overall transaction offers an equivalent level of security. Cash received as collateral is recognised along with an 
obligation to return the cash. Securities received as collateral that can be sold or repledged are also recognised along with an 
obligation to return those securities. Securities lending fees are recognised over the term of the related loans.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
The Group uses a variety of derivative financial instruments including swaps, options, forwards and exchange-traded financial 
futures for the Group’s trading and hedging strategy in line with the overall risk management strategy. Derivative financial 
instruments are primarily used as a means of managing exposure to price, foreign currency and/or interest rate risk on planned or 
anticipated investment purchases, existing assets or existing liabilities and also to lock in attractive investment conditions for 
funds which become available in the future. The Group recognises all of its derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair 
value. Changes in fair value on derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in income.

If the derivative is designated as a hedge of the fair value of assets or liabilities, changes in the fair value of the derivative are 
recognised in earnings, together with changes in the fair value of the related hedged item. If the derivative is designated as a 
hedge of the variability in expected future cash flows related to a particular risk, changes in the fair value of the derivative are 
reported in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognised in earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedge  
is recognised in earnings. When hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash flow hedge, the net gain or loss remains in 
accumulated other comprehensive income and is reclassified to earnings in the period in which the formerly hedged transaction 
is reported in earnings. When the Group discontinues hedge accounting because it is no longer probable that a forecasted 
transaction will occur within the required time period, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at fair value, 
and gains and losses that were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are recognised in earnings. 

The Group recognises separately derivatives that are embedded within other host instruments if the economic characteristics 
and risks are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host instrument and if it meets the 
definition of a derivative if it were a free-standing contract. 

Derivative financial instrument assets are generally included in other invested assets and derivative financial instrument liabilities 
are generally included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

The Group also designates non-derivative and derivative monetary financial instruments as a hedge of the foreign currency 
exposure of its net investment in certain foreign operations. From the inception of the hedging relationship, remeasurement 
gains and losses on the designated non-derivative and derivative monetary financial instruments and translation gains and losses 
on the hedged net investment are reported as translation gains and losses in shareholder’s equity. 

10  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, short-term deposits, certain short-term investments in money market funds,  
and highly liquid debt instruments with a remaining maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less.

Deferred acquisition costs
The Group incurs costs in connection with acquiring new and renewal reinsurance and insurance business. Some of these costs, 
which consist primarily of commissions, are deferred as they are directly related to the successful acquisition of such business.

Deferred acquisition costs for short-duration contracts are amortised in proportion to premiums earned. Future investment 
income is considered in determining the recoverability of deferred acquisition costs for short-duration contracts. Deferred 
acquisition costs for long-duration contracts are amortised over the life of underlying contracts. Deferred acquisition costs for 
universal-life and similar products are amortised based on the present value of estimated gross profits. Estimated gross profits 
are updated quarterly.

Modifications of insurance and reinsurance contracts
The Group accounts for modifications of insurance and reinsurance contracts that result in a substantially unchanged contract  
as a continuation of the replaced contract. The associated deferred acquisition costs and present value of future profits (PVFP) 
will continue to be amortised. The Group accounts for modifications of insurance and reinsurance contracts that result in a 
substantially changed contract as an extinguishment of the replaced contract. The associated deferred acquisition costs or  
PVFP are written off immediately through income and any new deferrable costs associated with the replacement contract  
are deferred.

Business combinations
The Group applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. This method allocates the cost of  
the acquired entity to the assets and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

The underlying assets and liabilities acquired are subsequently accounted for according to the relevant GAAP guidance. This 
includes specific requirements applicable to subsequent accounting for assets and liabilities recognised as part of the acquisition 
method of accounting, including present value of future profits, goodwill and other intangible assets.

Acquired present value of future profits
The acquired present value of future profits (PVFP) of business in force is recorded in connection with the acquisition of life and/
or health business. The initial value is determined actuarially by discounting estimated future gross profits as a measure of the 
value of business acquired. The resulting asset is amortised on a constant yield basis over the expected revenue recognition 
period of the business acquired, generally over periods ranging up to 30 years, with the accrual of interest added to the 
unamortised balance at the earned rate. The earned rate corresponds to either the current earned rate or the original earned rate 
depending on the business written. The rate is consistently applied for the entire life of the applicable business. For universal-life 
and similar products, PVFP is amortised in line with estimated gross profits, and estimated gross profits are updated quarterly. 
The carrying value of PVFP is reviewed periodically for indicators of impairment in value. Adjustments to reflect impairment in 
value are recognised in earnings during the period in which the determination of impairment is made or in other comprehensive 
income for shadow loss recognition.

Goodwill
The excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as 
goodwill, which is reviewed periodically for indicators of impairment in value. Adjustments to reflect impairment in value are 
recognised in earnings in the period in which the determination of impairment is made.

Other assets
Other assets include deferred expenses on retroactive reinsurance, prepaid reinsurance premiums, receivables related to 
investing activities, real estate for own use, other classes of property, plant and equipment, accrued income, certain intangible 
assets and prepaid assets. 

The excess of estimated liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses payable over consideration received in respect of 
retroactive property and casualty reinsurance contracts is recorded as a deferred expense. The deferred expense on retroactive 
reinsurance contracts is amortised through earnings over the expected claims-paying period. 

Real estate for own use as well as other classes of property, plant and equipment are carried at depreciated cost. Depreciation 
on buildings is recognised on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Land is recognised at cost and not 
depreciated. 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  11

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Capitalised software costs
External direct costs of materials and services incurred to develop or obtain software for internal use, payroll and payroll-related 
costs for employees directly associated with software development and interest cost incurred while developing software for 
internal use are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis through earnings over the estimated useful life.

Income taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognised based on the difference between financial statement carrying amounts 
and the corresponding income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted income tax rates and laws. A valuation allowance 
is recorded against deferred tax assets when it is deemed more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset may not 
be realised.

The Group recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if sustaining those positions is more likely than not. Changes in 
recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which a change in judgement occurs. 

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses for property and casualty and life and health insurance and 
reinsurance contracts are accrued when insured events occur and are based on the estimated ultimate cost of settling the 
claims, using reports and individual case estimates received from ceding companies. A provision is also included for claims 
incurred but not reported, which is developed on the basis of past experience adjusted for current trends and other factors that 
modify past experience. The establishment of the appropriate level of reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving 
estimates and judgements made by management, and therefore there can be no assurance that ultimate claims and claim 
adjustment expenses will not exceed the loss reserves currently established. These estimates are regularly reviewed, and 
adjustments for differences between estimates and actual payments for claims and for changes in estimates are reflected in 
income in the period in which the estimates are changed or payments are made.

The Group does not discount liabilities arising from prospective property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts, 
including liabilities which are discounted for US statutory reporting purposes. Liabilities arising from property and casualty 
insurance and reinsurance contracts acquired in a business combination are initially recognised at fair value in accordance with 
the acquisition method of accounting. The Group does not discount life and health claim reserves except for disability income 
claims in payment which are recognised at the estimated present value of the remaining ultimate net costs of the incurred 
claims.

Experience features which are directly linked to a reinsurance asset or liability are classified in a manner that is consistent with 
the presentation of that asset or liability.

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits from reinsurance business are generally calculated using the net premium method, 
based on assumptions as to investment yields, mortality, withdrawals, lapses and policyholder dividends. Assumptions are set  
at the time the contract is issued or, in the case of contracts acquired by purchase, at the purchase date. The assumptions are 
based on projections from past experience, making allowance for possible adverse deviation. Interest rate assumptions for life 
and health (re)insurance benefit liabilities are based on estimates of expected investment yields. Assumed mortality rates are 
generally based on experience multiples applied to the actuarial select and ultimate tables based on industry experience. 

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits are increased with a charge to earnings if it is determined that future cash flows, 
including investment income, are insufficient to cover future benefits and expenses. Where assets backing liabilities for policy 
benefits are held at available for sale these liabilities for policyholder benefits are increased by a shadow adjustment, with a 
charge to other comprehensive income, where future cash flows at market rates are insufficient to cover future benefits and 
expenses.

Policyholder account balances
Policyholder account balances relate to universal life-type contracts and investment contracts. 

Universal life-type contracts are long-duration insurance contracts, providing either death or annuity benefits, with terms that are 
not fixed and guaranteed. 

Investment contracts are long-duration contracts that do not incorporate significant insurance risk, i.e. there is no mortality and 
morbidity risk, or the mortality and morbidity risk associated with the insurance benefit features offered in the contract is of 
insignificant amount or remote probability. Amounts received as payment for investment contracts are reported as policyholder 
account balances. Related assets are included in general account assets except for investments for unit-linked and with-profit 
business, which are presented in a separate line item on the face of the balance sheet. 

12  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Amounts assessed against policyholders for mortality, administration and surrender are shown as fee income. Amounts credited 
to policyholders are shown as interest credited to policyholders. Investment income and realised investment gains and losses 
allocable to policyholders are included in net investment income and net realised investment gains/losses except for unit-linked 
and with-profit business which is presented in a separate line item on the face of the income statement.

Unit-linked and with-profit business are presented together as they are similar in nature. For unit-linked contracts, the investment  
risk is borne by the policyholder. For with-profit contracts, the majority of the investment risk is also borne by the policyholder, 
although there are certain guarantees that limit the down-side risk for the policyholder, and a certain proportion of the returns 
may be retained by Swiss Re Group (typically 10%). Additional disclosures are provided in Note 7.

Funds held assets and liabilities
On the asset side, funds held by ceding companies consist mainly of amounts retained by the ceding company for business 
written on a funds withheld basis. In addition, the account also includes amounts arising from the application of the deposit 
method of accounting to ceded retrocession or reinsurance contracts. 

On the liability side, funds held under reinsurance treaties consist mainly of amounts arising from the application of the deposit 
method of accounting to inward insurance and reinsurance contracts. In addition, the account also includes amounts retained 
from ceded business written on a funds withheld basis.

Funds withheld assets are assets that would normally be paid to the Group but are withheld by the cedent to reduce a potential 
credit risk or to retain control over investments. In case of funds withheld liabilities, it is the Group that withholds assets related to 
ceded business in order to reduce its credit risk or retain control over the investments.

The deposit method of accounting is applied to insurance and reinsurance contracts that do not indemnify the ceding company 
or the Group against loss or liability relating to insurance risk. Under the deposit method of accounting, the deposit asset or 
liability is initially measured based on the consideration paid or received. For contracts that transfer neither significant timing nor 
underwriting risk, and contracts that transfer only significant timing risk, changes in estimates of the timing or amounts of cash 
flows are accounted for by recalculating the effective yield. The deposit is then adjusted to the amount that would have existed 
had the new effective yield been applied since the inception of the contract. The revenue and expense recorded for such 
contracts is included in net investment income. For contracts that transfer only significant underwriting risk, once a loss is 
incurred, the deposit is adjusted by the present value of the incurred loss. At each subsequent balance sheet date, the portion of 
the deposit attributable to the incurred loss is recalculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows. The resulting changes 
in the carrying amount of the deposit are recognised in claims and claim adjustment expenses.

Funds withheld balances are presented together with assets and liabilities arising from the application of the deposit method 
because of their common deposit type character.

Shadow adjustments
Shadow adjustments are recognized in other comprehensive income reflecting the offset of adjustments to deferred acquisition 
costs and PVFP, typically related to universal life-type contracts, and policyholder liabilities. The purpose is to reflect the fact that 
certain amounts recorded as unrealised investment gains and losses within shareholder’s equity will ultimately accrue to 
policyholders and not the shareholder.

Shadow loss recognition testing becomes relevant in low interest rate environments. The test considers whether the hypothetical 
sale of AFS securities and the reinvestment of proceeds at lower yields would lead to negative operational earnings in future 
periods, thereby causing a loss recognition event. For shadow loss recognition testing, the Group uses current market yields to 
determine best estimate GAAP reserves rather than using locked in or current book yields. If the unlocked best estimate GAAP 
reserves based on current market rates are in excess of reserves based on locked in or current book yields, a shadow loss 
recognition reserve is set up. These reserves are recognised in other comprehensive income and do not impact net income.  
In addition, shadow loss recognition reserves can reverse up to the amount of losses recognised due to past loss events.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  13

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Premiums
Property and casualty reinsurance premiums are recorded when written and include an estimate for written premiums 
receivable at period end. Premiums earned are generally recognised in income over the contract period in proportion to the 
amount of reinsurance provided. Unearned premiums consist of the unexpired portion of reinsurance provided. Life reinsurance 
premiums are earned when due. Related policy benefits are recorded in relation to the associated premium or gross profits so 
that profits are recognised over the expected lives of the contracts. 

Life and health reinsurance premiums for group coverages are generally earned over the term of the coverage. For group 
contracts that allow experience adjustments to premiums, such premiums are recognised as the related experience emerges.

Reinstatement premiums are due where coverage limits for the remaining life of the contract are reinstated under pre-defined 
contract terms. The recognition of reinstatement premiums as written depends on individual contract features. Reinstatement 
premiums are either recognised as written at the time a loss event occurs or in line with the recognition pattern of premiums 
written of the underlying contract. The accrual of reinstatement premiums is based on actuarial estimates of ultimate losses. 
Reinstatement premiums are generally earned in proportion to the amount of reinsurance provided.

Insurance and reinsurance ceded
The Group uses retrocession arrangements to increase its aggregate underwriting capacity, to diversify its risk and to reduce  
the risk of catastrophic loss on reinsurance assumed. The ceding of risks to retrocessionaires does not relieve the Group of its 
obligations to its ceding companies. The Group regularly evaluates the financial condition of its retrocessionaires and monitors 
the concentration of credit risk to minimise its exposure to financial loss from retrocessionaires’ insolvency. Premiums and losses 
ceded under retrocession contracts are reported as reductions of premiums earned and claims and claim adjustment expenses. 
Amounts recoverable for ceded short- and long-duration contracts, including universal life-type and investment contracts, are 
reported as assets in the balance sheet.

The Group provides reserves for uncollectible amounts on reinsurance balances ceded, based on management’s assessment  
of the collectability of the outstanding balances. 

Receivables
Premium and claims receivables which have been invoiced are accounted for at face value. Together with assets arising from the 
application of the deposit method of accounting that meet the definition of financing receivables they are regularly assessed for 
impairment. Evidence of impairment is the age of the receivable and/or any financial difficulties of the counterparty. Allowances 
are set up on the net balance, meaning all balances related to the same counterparty are considered. The amount of the 
allowance is set up in relation to the time a receivable has been due and financial difficulties of the debtor, and can be as high as 
the outstanding net balance.

Pensions and other post-retirement benefits
The Group accounts for its pension and other post-retirement benefit costs using the accrual method of accounting. Amounts 
charged to expense are based on periodic actuarial determinations.

Share-based payment transactions
As of 31 December 2015, the Group had a Leadership Performance Plan, stock option plans, restricted shares, an Employee 
Participation Plan, and a Global Share Participation Plan. These plans are described in more detail in Note 14. The Group 
accounts for share-based payment transactions with employees using the fair value method. Under the fair value method,  
the fair value of the awards is recognised in earnings over the vesting period. 

For share-based compensation plans which are settled in cash, compensation costs are recognised as liabilities, whereas for 
equity-settled plans, compensation costs are recognised as an accrual to additional paid-in capital within shareholder’s equity.

Shares in Swiss Re Ltd
Shares in Swiss Re Ltd are reported at cost in shareholder’s equity. Shareholder’s equity also includes stand-alone derivative 
instruments indexed to the Swiss Re Ltd shares held by the Group that meet the requirements for classification in shareholder’s 
equity.

Subsequent events
Subsequent events for the current reporting period have been evaluated up to 15 March 2016. This is the date on which the 
financial statements are available to be issued.

14  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Recent accounting guidance
In January 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-01, 
“Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”, an 
update to topic 323, “Investments — Equity Method and Joint Ventures”. The Low Income Housing Tax Credit, a program created 
under the US Tax Reform Act of 1986, offers US federal tax credits to investors that provide capital to facilitate the development, 
construction, and rehabilitation of low-income rental property. ASU 2014-01 modifies the conditions that must be met to 
present the pre-tax effects and related tax benefits of investments in qualified affordable housing projects as a component of 
income. Investors that do not qualify for “net” presentation under the new guidance will continue to account for such investments 
under the equity method or cost method, which results in losses recognised in pre-tax income and tax benefits recognised in 
income taxes. For investments that qualify for the “net” presentation of investment performance, the ASU introduces a 
“proportional amortization method” that can be elected to amortise the investment basis. The Group adopted ASU 2014-01  
on 1 January 2015. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Group’s financial statements. 

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, “Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage 
Loans upon Foreclosure (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”, an update to subtopic 310-40, “Receivables —
Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors”. ASU 2014-04 applies to creditors who obtain physical possession resulting from an 
in substance repossession or foreclosure of residential real estate property collateralising a consumer mortgage loan in 
satisfaction of a receivable. Existing guidance requires a creditor to reclassify a collateralised mortgage loan with the result that 
the loan is derecognised and the collateral asset recognised when there has been in substance repossession or foreclosure by 
the creditor. The ASU provides additional guidance on when a creditor is considered to have received physical possession from 
an in substance repossession. The Group adopted ASU 2014-04 on 1 January 2015. The adoption did not have an effect on the 
Group’s financial statements. 

In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, “Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components 
of an Entity”, an update to topics 205, “Presentation of Financial Statements” and 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”. ASU 
2014-08 amends the definition of a discontinued operation and requires entities to provide additional disclosures about disposal 
transactions that do not meet the discontinued-operations criteria. The new guidance eliminates two of the three existing criteria 
for classifying components of an entity as discontinued operations and instead requires discontinued operations treatment for 
disposals of a component or group of components that represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major impact on an 
entity’s operations or financial results. The ASU also expands the discontinued operations classification to include disposals of 
equity method investments and acquired businesses held for sale. The ASU also requires entities to reclassify assets and 
liabilities of a discontinued operation for all comparative periods presented in the statement of financial position. The Group is 
applying the new requirements on a prospective basis to transactions occurring after 1 January 2015. The adoption did not have 
an effect on the Group’s financial statements. 

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-11, “Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures”, 
an update to topic 860, “Transfers and Servicing”. ASU 2014-11 requires entities to account for repurchase-to-maturity 
transactions as secured borrowings rather than as sales with forward repurchase agreements and eliminates previously issued 
accounting guidance on linked repurchase financing transactions. The ASU includes new disclosure requirements for 
transactions economically similar to repurchase agreements in which the transferor retains substantially all of the exposure to the 
economic return on the transferred financial assets throughout the term of the transaction. These requirements of ASU 2014-11 
were adopted on 1 January 2015 and the adoption did not have an effect on the Group’s financial statements. In addition, for 
transactions accounted for as secured borrowings, including repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, the 
ASU requires entities to provide disclosures that disaggregate the related gross obligation by class of collateral pledged, disclose 
the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements and to provide information on the potential risks of these arrangements 
and related collateral pledged. In line with the specific effective date provided in the ASU, the Group adopted the new disclosure 
requirements for the interim period ending 30 June 2015 and applicable portions of the new disclosure requirements are 
provided in Note 7.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, “Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That 
a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period”, an update to topic 718, “Compensation – Stock 
Compensation”. ASU 2014-12 states that a performance target that affects vesting of a share-based payment and that could be 
achieved after the requisite service period is a performance condition, and therefore, the target is not reflected in the estimation 
of the award’s grant date fair value. Compensation cost for such an award would be recognised over the required service period 
if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Group adopted ASU 2014-12 on 1 January 2015. The 
adoption did not have an effect on the Group’s financial statements.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  15

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-14, “Classification of Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans upon 
Foreclosure”, an update to subtopic 310-40, “Receivables — Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors”. ASU 2014-14 affects 
creditors that hold government-guaranteed mortgage loans. The ASU requires that a mortgage loan be derecognised and that a 
separate other receivable be recognised upon foreclosure if specific conditions are met, including that the guarantee is not 
separable from the loan before foreclosure. Upon foreclosure, the separate other receivable should be measured based on the 
amount of the loan balance expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The Group adopted ASU 2014-14 on 1 January 2015. 
The adoption did not have an effect on the Group’s financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-09, “Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts”, an update to topic 944, “Financial 
Services — Insurance”. ASU 2015-09 requires an insurance entity to provide additional information about insurance liabilities, 
including information on the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows related to insurance liabilities and the 
effect of those cash flows on the statement of comprehensive income. Requirements include disaggregated incurred and paid 
claims development information by accident year, on a net basis after risk mitigation, for at least the most recent 10 years with 
the periods preceding the current period considered required supplementary information. In addition, for each accident year 
presented in the claims development tables, an insurer has to provide disaggregated information about claim frequency (unless 
impracticable) and the amounts of incurred-but-not-reported (IBNR) liabilities plus the expected development on reported 
claims. Required disclosures also include a description of the methods for determining both IBNR and expected development on 
reported claims as well as information about any significant changes in methods and assumptions used in the computation of 
the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, including reasons for the changes and the impact of the changes 
on the most recent reporting period in the financial statements. All aforementioned disclosures have to be provided on an annual 
basis. In addition, insurance entities must disclose the roll-forward of the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment 
expenses in both interim and annual periods. The Group will adopt the annual disclosure requirements for the annual reporting 
period ending on 31 December 2016, and the interim disclosure requirements for the quarter ending on 31 March 2017. The 
Group has set up a project to implement the new requirements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities“, 
an update to subtopic 825-10, “Financial Instruments – Overall“. The ASU requires an entity to carry investments in equity 
securities, including other ownership interests and limited liability companies at fair value through net income, with the exception 
of equity method investments, investments that result in consolidation or investments for which the entity has elected the 
practicability exception to fair value measurement. The practicability exception can only be applied by certain entities and only to 
equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. Investments under the practicability exception will be subject to an 
indicator-based impairment test. For financial liabilities to which the fair value option has been applied, the ASU also requires an 
entity to separately present the change in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in other comprehensive income 
rather than in net income. Specific exceptions apply to this requirement. In addition, the ASU requires an entity to assess whether 
a valuation allowance is needed on a deferred tax asset (DTA) related to fixed income securities AFS in combination with the 
entity‘s other DTA‘s rather than separately from other DTAs. The ASU also introduces changes to disclosure requirements for 
financial instruments not measured at fair value and introduces new requirements for equity instruments where the practicability 
exception to fair value measurement is applied. The new requirements are effective for annual and interim periods beginning 
after 15 December 2017 with early adoption permitted for requirements relating to the presentation of the impact of instrument-
specific credit risk on qualifying financial liabilities in other comprehensive income. The Group is currently assessing the impact 
of the new requirements.

16  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

2  Information on business segments

The Group provides reinsurance and insurance throughout the world through its business segments. The business segments  
are determined by the organisational structure and by the way in which management reviews the operating performance of  
the Group.

The Group presents two core operating business segments: Property & Casualty Reinsurance and Life & Health Reinsurance. The 
presentation of each segment’s balance sheet is closely aligned to the segment legal entity structure. The assignment of assets 
and liabilities for entities that span more than one segment is determined by considering local statutory requirements, legal and 
other constraints, the economic view of duration and currency requirements of the reinsurance business written, and the 
capacity of the segments to absorb risks. Interest expense is based on the segment’s capital funding position. The tax impact of  
a segment is derived from the legal entity tax obligations and the segmentation of the pre-tax result. While most of the tax items 
can be directly attributed to individual segments, the tax which impacts two or more segments is allocated to the segments on  
a reasonable basis. Property & Casualty Reinsurance and Life & Health Reinsurance share the same year-to-date effective tax rate 
as both business segments belong to the Reinsurance Business Unit. 

Accounting policies applied by the business segments are in line with those described in the summary of significant accounting 
policies (please refer to Note 1).

The Group operating segments are outlined below. 

Property & Casualty Reinsurance and Life & Health Reinsurance
Reinsurance consists of two segments, Property & Casualty and Life & Health. The Reinsurance business operates globally, both 
through brokers and directly with clients, and provides a large range of solutions for risk and capital management. Clients include 
insurance companies and mutual as well as public sector and governmental entities. As well as traditional reinsurance solutions, 
the business unit offers insurance linked securities and other insurance related capital market products in both 
Property & Casualty and Life & Health. 

Property & Casualty includes the business lines property, casualty (including motor), and specialty. Life & Health includes the life 
and health lines of business.

Other
Items not allocated to the business segments are included in the “Other” column which encompasses non-core activities. The 
“Other” column includes mainly certain costs not allocated to the Reinsurance business segments, certain Treasury activities as 
well as the remaining non-core activities which have been in run-off since November 2007.

Consolidation
Segment information is presented net of external and internal retrocession and other intra-group arrangements. The Group  
total is obtained after elimination of intra-group transactions in the “Consolidation” column. In the periods presented, significant 
intra-group transactions related to intra-group reinsurance arrangements and certain treasury-related activities are included.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  17

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

a) Business segments – income statement
For the year ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income –  
non-participating business
Net realised investment gains/losses –  
non-participating business 
Net investment result –  
unit-linked and with-profit business
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Interest expenses
Total expenses

Income/loss before income tax expense
Income tax expense/benefit
Net income/loss before attribution of non-
controlling interests

Income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income/loss after attribution of 
non-controlling interests

Interest on contingent capital instruments
Net income/loss attributable to 
common shareholder

Claims ratio in %
Expense ratio in %
Combined ratio in %
Management expense ratio in %
Operating margin in %

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

Other

Consolidation

Total

182
110

545

106

15
958

–32
–406
–351
–49
–398
–22
–1 258

–300
94

–206

–206

–206

26 992
163

3 187

550

75
60
31 027

–8 523
–9 602
–450
–5 920
–2 458
–713
–27 666

3 361
–395

2 966

–1

2 965

–69

2 896

22

–24
–2

2
–2

2
2

0

0

0

0

15 598

1 076

699

69
17 442

–8 493

–3 382
–1 175
–255
–13 305

4 137
–552

3 585

–1

3 584

–20

3 564

54.5
29.2
83.7

11 212
53

1 544

–255

75

12 629

–9 194
–99
–2 489
–885
–438
–13 105

–476
63

–413

–413

–49

–462

6.9
2.6

18  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Business segments – income statement
For the year ended 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income –  
non-participating business
Net realised investment gains/losses –  
non-participating business 
Net investment result –  
unit-linked and with-profit business
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Interest expenses
Total expenses

Income/loss before income tax expense
Income tax expense/benefit
Net income/loss before attribution of non-
controlling interests

Income attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income/loss after attribution of 
non-controlling interests

Interest on contingent capital instruments
Net income/loss attributable to 
common shareholder

Claims ratio in %
Expense ratio in %
Combined ratio in %
Management expense ratio in %
Operating margin in %

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

Other

Consolidation

Total

135
96

359

273

13
876

–1
–269
–326
–43
–443
–19
–1 101

–225
65

–160

–160

–160

15 090

10 914
49

1 097

1 331

445

310

45
16 677

–7 892

–3 836
–1 247
–262
–13 237

3 440
–443

2 997

–1

2 996

–19

2 977

52.3
33.7
86.0

42
5
12 651

–8 290
–60
–1 986
–903
–278
–11 517

1 134
–146

988

988

–49

939

7.3
9.9

26 139
145

2 787

1 028

42
57
30 198

–7 893
–8 559
–386
–5 865
–2 593
–553
–25 849

4 349
–524

3 825

–1

3 824

–68

3 756

–6
–6

6
6

0

0

0

0

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  19

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Business segments – balance sheet
As of 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Total assets

2015 
USD millions
Total assets

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance
80 745

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
57 121

Other
15 595

Consolidation
–7 158

Total
146 303

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance
78 176

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
55 703

Other
11 897

Consolidation
–10 585

Total
135 191

20  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

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Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  21

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

b) Property & Casualty Reinsurance business segment – by line of business
For the year ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Premiums earned 

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Total expenses before interest expenses

Property
6 783

Casualty
6 437

Specialty
2 378

Total
15 598

–3 013
–1 049
–669
–4 731

–4 513
–1 831
–355
–6 699

–967
–502
–151
–1 620

–8 493
–3 382
–1 175
–13 050

Underwriting result

2 052

–262

758

2 548

Net investment income
Net realised investment gains/losses
Other revenues
Interest expenses
Income before income tax expense

Claims ratio in %
Expense ratio in %
Combined ratio in %

1 076
699
69
–255
4 137

54.5
29.2
83.7

44.4
25.3
69.7

70.1
34.0
104.1

40.6
27.5
68.1

22  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Property & Casualty Reinsurance business segment – by line of business
For the year ended 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Premiums earned

Expenses
Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Total expenses before interest expenses

Underwriting result

Net investment income
Net realised investment gains/losses
Other revenues
Interest expenses
Income before income tax expense

Claims ratio in %
Expense ratio in %
Combined ratio in %

Property
6 092

Casualty
6 602

Specialty
2 396

Total
15 090

–2 567
–1 198
–689
–4 454

1 638

–4 139
–2 053
–401
–6 593

–1 186
–585
–157
–1 928

–7 892
–3 836
–1 247
–12 975

9

468

2 115

1 097
445
45
–262
3 440

52.3
33.7
86.0

42.1
31.0
73.1

62.7
37.2
99.9

49.5
31.0
80.5

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  23

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

c) Life & Health Reinsurance business segment – by line of business 
For the year ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income – non-participating
Net investment income –  unit-linked and with-profit
Net realised investment gains/losses – unit-linked and with-profit
Net realised investment gains/losses – insurance-related derivatives
Total revenues before non-participating realised gains/losses

Expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Total expenses before interest expenses

Life

Health

Total

7 166
53
944
37
38
121
8 359

–5 890
–99
–1 808
–628
–8 425

4 046

600

–7
4 639

–3 304

–681
–257
–4 242

11 212
53
1 544
37
38
114
12 998

–9 194
–99
–2 489
–885
–12 667

Operating income/loss

–66

397

331

Net realised investment gains/losses – non-participating business and 
excluding insurance-related derivatives
Interest expenses
Loss before income tax benefit

Management expense ratio in %
Operating margin1 in %

7.7
–0.8

5.5
8.6

–369
–438
–476

6.9
2.6

1  Operating margin is calculated as operating income divided by total operating revenues. Total operating revenues are total revenues excluding unit-linked and with-profit 

revenues.

24  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Life & Health Reinsurance business segment – by line of business 
For the year ended 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Revenues
Premiums earned
Fee income from policyholders
Net investment income – non-participating
Net investment income –  unit-linked and with-profit
Net realised investment gains/losses – unit-linked and with-profit
Net realised investment gains/losses – insurance-related derivatives
Other revenues
Total revenues before non-participating realised gains/losses

Expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Total expenses before interest expenses

Life

Health

Total

7 114
49
866
38
4
90
3
8 164

–5 563
–60
–1 258
–642
–7 523

3 800

465

42
2
4 309

–2 727

–728
–261
–3 716

10 914
49
1 331
38
4
132
5
12 473

–8 290
–60
–1 986
–903
–11 239

Operating income

641

593

1 234

Net realised investment gains/losses – non-participating business and 
excluding insurance-related derivatives
Interest expenses
Income before income tax expense

Management expense ratio in %
Operating margin1 in %

8.0
7.9

6.1
13.8

178
–278
1 134

7.3
9.9

1  Operating margin is calculated as operating income divided by total operating revenues. Total operating revenues are total revenues excluding unit-linked and with-profit 

revenues.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  25

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

d) Gross premiums earned and fee income from policyholders by geography
Gross premiums earned and fee income from policyholders by regions for the years ended 31 December

USD millions
Americas
Europe (including Middle East and Africa)
Asia-Pacific
Total

Gross premiums earned and fee income from policyholders by country for the years ended 31 December

USD millions
United States
United Kingdom
China
Australia
Germany
Canada
Japan
Switzerland
Ireland
France
Republic of Korea
Other
Total

2014
11 865
9 952
7 556
29 373

2014
9 253
2 746
3 053
2 014
1 294
1 213
1 051
770
894
857
430
5 798
29 373

2015
12 748
9 049
6 437
28 234

2015
10 020
2 773
2 504
1 544
1 070
1 053
967
791
767
672
456
5 617
28 234

Gross premiums earned and fee income from policyholders are allocated by country based on the underlying contract.

26  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

This page is intentionally left blank.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  27

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

3  Insurance information

Premiums earned and fees assessed against policyholders
For the year ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Premiums earned, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net premiums earned

Fee income from policyholders, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net fee income

Claims and claim adjustment expenses
For the year ended 31 December 

2014 
USD millions
Claims paid, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net claims paid

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

16 556
–958
15 598

0

758
11 703
–1 249
11 212

54
–1
53

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

–10 749
1 168
–9 581

–9 357
1 161
–8 196

Change in unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses; life 
and health benefits, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and 
health benefits

2 030
–942

1 088

–962
–36

–998

Other

36
156
–10
182

20
90

110

Other

–501
12
–489

52
–1

51

Total

794
28 415
–2 217
26 992

20
144
–1
163

Total

–20 607
2 341
–18 266

1 120
–979

141

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

–8 493

–9 194

–438

–18 125

Acquisition costs
For the year ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Acquisition costs, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net acquisition costs

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

–3 588
206
–3 382

–2 682
193
–2 489

Other

–49

–49

Total

–6 319
399
–5 920

28  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Premiums earned and fees assessed against policyholders
For the year ended 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Premiums earned, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net premiums earned

Fee income from policyholders, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net fee income

Claims and claim adjustment expenses
For the year ended 31 December 

2015 
USD millions
Claims paid, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net claims paid

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

15 614
–524
15 090

0

736
11 598
–1 420
10 914

50
–1
49

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

–9 665
815
–8 850

–9 629
1 168
–8 461

Change in unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses; life 
and health benefits, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and 
health benefits

1 601
–643

958

145
26

171

Other

2
138
–5
135

5
91

96

Other

–378
6
–372

104
–2

102

Total

738
27 350
–1 949
26 139

5
141
–1
145

Total

–19 672
1 989
–17 683

1 850
–619

1 231

Claims and claim adjustment expenses; life and health benefits

–7 892

–8 290

–270

–16 452

Acquisition costs
For the year ended 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Acquisition costs, thereof:

Gross
Ceded

Net acquisition costs

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

–3 969
133
–3 836

–2 230
244
–1 986

Other

–43

–43

Total

–6 242
377
–5 865

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  29

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Reinsurance assets and liabilities
The reinsurance assets and liabilities as of 31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Assets
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and 
policy benefits
Deferred acquisition costs

Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances

2015 
USD millions
Assets
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and 
policy benefits
Deferred acquisition costs

Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

Other

Consolidation

Total

3 648
1 756

41 233

1 689
2 723

10 177
16 442
1 473

25
1

784
2 842
5 137

–16

–17

5 346
4 480

52 177
19 284
6 610

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

Other

Consolidation

Total

2 872
2 051

39 366

1 652
3 032

9 653
15 472
1 368

14
1

715
1 307
3 990

–15

–16

4 523
5 084

49 718
16 779
5 358

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, the Group had a reinsurance recoverable of USD 5 346 million and USD 4 523 million, 
respectively. The concentration of credit risk is regularly monitored and evaluated. The reinsurance programme with Berkshire 
Hathaway and subsidiaries accounted for 70% of the Group’s reinsurance recoverable as of year-end 2014 and 69% as of 
year-end 2015.

The Group cedes certain re/insurance contracts to affiliated companies within the Swiss Re Group, but outside the 
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd and its subsidiaries (please refer to Note 15).

Reinsurance receivables
Reinsurance receivables as of 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Premium receivables invoiced
Receivables invoiced from ceded re/insurance business
Assets arising from the application of the deposit method of accounting  
and meeting the definition of financing receivables
Recognised allowance

2014
1 031
265

777
–61

2015
1 103
126

169
–36

30  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

4  Premiums written

For the years ended 31 December

2014 
USD millions
Gross premiums written, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net premiums written

2015 
USD millions
Gross premiums written, thereof:

Direct
Reinsurance
Ceded

Net premiums written

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

16 678
–537
16 141

768
11 666
–1 243
11 191

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance

Life & Health 
Reinsurance

16 121
–418
15 703

748
11 547
–1 413
10 882

Other

36
156
–10
182

Other

2
138
–5
135

Total

804
28 500
–1 790
27 514

Total

750
27 806
–1 836
26 720

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  31

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

5  Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses

The liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses as of 31 December is analysed as follows:

USD millions
Non-Life
Life & Health
Total

2014
41 270
10 907
52 177

2015
39 366
10 352
49 718

A reconciliation of the opening and closing reserve balances for non-life unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses for the 
period is presented as follows:

USD millions
Balance as of 1 January 
Reinsurance recoverable
Deferred expense on retroactive reinsurance
Net balance as of 1 January

Incurred related to:
Current year
Prior year

Amortisation of deferred expense on retroactive reinsurance and impact of commutations
Total incurred

Paid related to:
Current year
Prior year

Total paid

Foreign exchange
Effect of acquisitions, disposals, new retroactive reinsurance and other items
Net balance as of 31 December

Reinsurance recoverable
Deferred expense on retroactive reinsurance
Balance as of 31 December 

2014
45 756
–4 873
–56
40 827

9 189
–759
17
8 447

–1 796
–7 797
–9 593

–2 142
85
37 624

3 632
14
41 270

2015
41 270
–3 632
–14
37 624

9 019
–1 222
27
7 824

–1 723
–7 167
–8 890

–1 766
1 377
36 169

2 857
340
39 366

The Group does not discount liabilities arising from prospective property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts, 
including liabilities which are discounted for US statutory reporting purposes. Liabilities arising from property and casualty 
insurance and reinsurance contracts acquired in a business combination are initially recognised at fair value in accordance with 
the purchase method of accounting.

32  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Prior-year development
In 2015, claims development on prior years was driven by favourable experience on most lines of business. For property, there 
was positive development across all regions. Similarly, within casualty, liability showed a consistent level of releases across all 
regions. Favourable development on more recent accident years more than offset increases for asbestos and environmental 
losses. Following large commutations and positive claims experience, accident and health claims developed favourably. Adverse 
experience in motor was driven by unfavourable trends in the US and revisions to motor reserving models in Europe. For 
specialty, there was positive development across all lines of business.

A summary of prior year claims development by lines of business is shown below:

USD millions
Line of business:
Property
Casualty
Specialty

Total 

2014

–139
–158
–462
–759

2015

–455
–544
–223
–1 222

US asbestos and environmental claims exposure
The Business Unit‘s obligation for claims payments and claims settlement charges also includes obligations for long-latent injury 
claims arising out of policies written prior to 1986 as well as out of such business acquired subsequently through reinsurance 
arrangements to other Swiss Re Group Companies, in particular in the area of US asbestos and environmental liability.

At the end of 2015 the Business Unit Reinsurance carried net reserves for US asbestos and environmental liabilities equal to 
USD 1 903 million. During 2015, the business unit incurred net losses of USD 98 million and paid net against these liabilities of 
USD 147 million.

Note that during 2015, USD 66 million of existing reserves were reclassified as asbestos following a detailed review of historic 
cedent accounts by our claims department. The above mentioned incurred amount (USD 98 million) does not show this amount 
as incurred during 2015.

Estimating ultimate asbestos and environmental liabilities is particularly complex for a number of reasons relating in part  
to the long period between exposure and manifestation of claims, and in part to other factors, which include risks and lack  
of predictability inherent in complex litigation, changes in projected costs to resolve, and in the projected number of, asbestos 
and environmental claims, the effect of bankruptcy protection, insolvencies, and changes in the legal, legislative and regulatory 
environment. As a result, the Group believes that projection of exposures for asbestos and environmental claims is subject to  
far less predictability relative to non-environmental and non-asbestos exposures. Management believes that its reserves for 
asbestos and environmental claims are appropriately established based upon known facts and the current state of the law. 
However, reserves are subject to revision as new information becomes available and as claims develop. Additional liabilities  
may arise for amounts in excess of reserves, and the Group‘s estimate of claims and claim adjustment expenses may change. 
Any such additional liabilities or increases in estimates cannot be reasonably estimated in advance but could result in charges 
that could be material to operating results.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  33

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

6  Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and acquired present value of future profits (PVFP)

As of 31 December, the DAC were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Opening balance as of 1 January
Deferred
Effect of acquisitions/disposals and retrocessions
Amortisation
Effect of foreign currency translation 
Closing balance as of 31 December 

2015 
USD millions
Opening balance as of 1 January
Deferred
Effect of acquisitions/disposals and retrocessions
Amortisation
Effect of foreign currency translation 
Closing balance as of 31 December

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance
1 591
3 563

–3 332
–66
1 756

Property & Casualty 
Reinsurance
1 756
4 132
7
–3 793
–51
2 051

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
2 845
490
–28
–448
–136
2 723

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
2 723
1 053
2
–594
–152
3 032

Other
–12
49
13
–49

1

Other
1

1

Total
4 424
4 102
–15
–3 829
–202
4 480

Total
4 480
5 185
9
–4 387
–203
5 084

Retroceded DAC may arise on retrocession of reinsurance portfolios, including reinsurance undertaken as part of a securitisation.  
The associated potential retrocession recoveries are determined by the nature of the retrocession agreements and by the terms 
of the securitisation.

As of 31 December, the PVFP was as follows:

USD millions
Opening balance as of 1 January
Amortisation
Interest accrued on unamortised PVFP
Effect of foreign currency translation 
Effect of change in unrealised gains/losses
Closing balance as of 31 December

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
1 451
–156
44
–45

Other
634
–33
4

2014

Total
2 085
–189
48
–45

Life & Health 
Reinsurance
1 294
–159
40
–41

1 294

605

1 899

1 134

2015

Total
1 899
–187
41
–41
9
1 721

Other
605
–28
1

9
587

Retroceded PVFP may arise on retrocession of reinsurance portfolios, including reinsurance undertaken as part of a 
securitisation. The associated potential retrocession recoveries are determined by the nature of the retrocession agreements and 
by the terms of the securitisation.

The percentage of PVFP which is expected to be amortised in each of the next five years is 10%, 10%, 9%, 9% and 8%.

34  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

7  Investments

Investment income
Net investment income by source (excluding unit-linked and with-profit business) was as follows:

USD millions
Fixed income securities
Equity securities
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans 
Investment real estate
Short-term investments
Other current investments
Share in earnings of equity-accounted investees
Cash and cash equivalents
Net result from deposit-accounted contracts
Deposits with ceding companies
Gross investment income
Investment expenses
Interest charged for funds held
Net investment income – non-participating business

2014
2 098
74
158
144
102
47
170
36
108
591
3 528
–331
–10
3 187

2015
1 926
77
147
158
68
67
106
32
66
478
3 125
–328
–10
2 787

Dividends received from investments accounted for using the equity method were USD 171 million and USD 176 million for 
2014 and 2015, respectively,

Realised gains and losses
Realised gains and losses for fixed income equity securities and other investments (excluding unit-linked and with-profit 
business) were as follows:

USD millions
Fixed income securities available-for-sale:

Gross realised gains
Gross realised losses

Equity securities available-for-sale:

Gross realised gains
Gross realised losses

Other-than-temporary impairments
Net realised investment gains/losses on trading securities
Change in net unrealised investment gains/losses on trading securities
Net realised/unrealised gains/losses other investments
Net realised/unrealised gains/losses on insurance-related activities
Gain/loss related to sale of Aurora National Life Assurance Company
Foreign exchange gains/losses
Net realised investment gains/losses – non-participating business

2014

602
–210

564
–77
–35
45
120
–314
–360
–247
462
550

2015

611
–270

262
–51
–51
62
–31
116
99
9
272
1 028

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  35

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Investment result – unit-linked and with-profit business
The net investment result on unit-linked and with-profit business credited to policyholders amounted to gains of USD 75 million  
and USD 42 million for 2014 and 2015, respectively, mainly originating from gains/losses on equity securities. 

Impairment on fixed income securities related to credit losses
Other-than-temporary impairments for debt securities are bifurcated between credit and non-credit components, with the credit 
component recognised through earnings and the non-credit component recognised in other comprehensive income. The credit 
component of other-than-temporary impairments is defined as the difference between a security’s amortised cost basis and the 
present value of expected cash flows. Methodologies for measuring the credit component of impairment are aligned to market 
observer forecasts of credit performance drivers. Management believes that these forecasts are representative of median market 
expectations.

For securitised products, a cash flow projection analysis is conducted by integrating forward-looking evaluation of collateral 
performance drivers, including default rates, prepayment rates and loss severities, and deal-level features, such as credit 
enhancement and prioritisation among tranches for payments of principal and interest. Analytics are differentiated by asset 
class, product type and security-level differences in historical and expected performance. For corporate bonds and hybrid debt 
instruments, an expected loss approach based on default probabilities and loss severities expected in the current and forecasted 
economic environment is used for securities identified as credit-impaired to project probability-weighted cash flows. Expected 
cash flows resulting from these analyses are discounted, and the present value is compared to the amortised cost basis to 
determine the credit component of other-than-temporary impairments.

A reconciliation of other-than-temporary impairments related to credit losses recognised in earnings was as follows:

USD millions
Balance as of 1 January

Credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment was not previously recognised  
Reductions for securities sold during the period 
Increase of credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognised  
previously, when the Group does not intend to sell, or more likely than not will not be required  
to sell before recovery
Impact of increase in cash flows expected to be collected 
Impact of foreign exchange movements

Balance as of 31 December

2014
218
9
–75

–21

131

2015
131
27
–22

7
–10
–4
129

36  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Investments available-for-sale
Amortised cost or cost, estimated fair values and other-than-temporary impairments of fixed income securities classified as  
available-for-sale as of 31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Debt securities issued by governments 
and government agencies:

US Treasury and other US government 
corporations and agencies
US Agency securitised products
States of the United States and political 
subdivisions of the states
United Kingdom
Canada
Germany
France
Other

Total
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Fixed income securities available-for-sale   
Equity securities available-for-sale 

2015 
USD millions
Debt securities issued by governments 
and government agencies:

US Treasury and other US government 
corporations and agencies
US Agency securitised products
States of the United States and political 
subdivisions of the states
United Kingdom
Canada
Germany
France
Other

Total
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Fixed income securities available-for-sale   
Equity securities available-for-sale 

Amortised cost 
or cost

Gross  
unrealised  
gains

Gross 
unrealised 
losses

Other-than-temporary 
impairments 
recognised in other 
comprehensive income

Estimated 
 fair value

9 994
2 989

825
4 750
2 619
4 314
2 654
7 014
35 159
20 489
4 952
60 600
1 975

904
46

68
743
621
358
311
320
3 371
1 335
170
4 876
472

–4
–23

–2
–1
–1
–29
–18
–108
–186
–139
–20
–345
–51

10 894
3 012

891
5 492
3 239
4 643
2 947
7 226
38 344
21 683
5 100
65 127
2 396

–2
–2
–4

Amortised cost 
or cost

Gross  
unrealised  
gains

Gross 
unrealised 
losses

Other-than-temporary 
impairments 
recognised in other 
comprehensive income

Estimated 
 fair value

9 981
2 761

913
4 462
3 730
2 789
1 861
7 023
33 520
21 287
4 330
59 137
2 876

507
28

39
486
518
232
189
190
2 189
621
88
2 898
375

–94
–27

–11
–43
–13
–27
–16
–143
–374
–482
–32
–888
–160

10 394
2 762

941
4 905
4 235
2 994
2 034
7 070
35 335
21 416
4 383
61 134
3 091

–10
–3
–13

The “Other-than-temporary impairments recognised in other comprehensive income” column includes only securities with  
a credit-related loss recognised in earnings. Subsequent recovery in fair value of securities previously impaired in other 
comprehensive income is also presented in the “Other-than-temporary impairments recognised in other comprehensive  
income” column.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  37

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Investments trading
The carrying amounts of fixed income securities and equity securities classified as trading (excluding unit-linked and with-profit 
business) as of 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Debt securities issued by governments and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Fixed income securities trading – non-participating
Equity securities trading – non-participating

2014
1 997
60
162
2 219
65

2015
2 710
52
134
2 896
68

Investments held for unit-linked and with-profit business
The carrying amounts of investments held for unit-linked business consist of equity securities trading. As of 31 December 2014 
and 2015, these amounted to USD 894 million and USD 818 million, respectively.

Maturity of fixed income securities available-for-sale
The amortised cost or cost and estimated fair values of investments in fixed income securities available-for-sale by remaining 
maturity are shown below. Fixed maturity investments are assumed not to be called for redemption prior to the stated maturity 
date. As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, USD 9 781 million and USD 10 893 million, respectively, of fixed income securities 
available-for-sale were callable.

USD millions
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years  
Due after ten years
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities with no fixed maturity
Total fixed income securities available-for-sale

Amortised  
cost or cost
3 221
13 972
13 843
24 787
4 777
60 600

2014
Estimated  
fair value
3 233
14 327
14 562
28 081
4 924
65 127

Amortised  
cost or cost
3 261
14 508
13 039
24 246
4 083
59 137

2015
Estimated  
fair value
3 309
14 695
13 364
25 631
4 135
61 134

Assets pledged
As of 31 December 2015, investments with a carrying value of USD 5 844 million were on deposit with regulatory agencies in 
accordance with local requirements, and investments with a carrying value of USD 8 377 million were placed on deposit or 
pledged to secure certain reinsurance liabilities, including pledged investments in subsidiaries.

As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, securities of USD 15 230 million and USD 13 605 million, respectively, were transferred to 
third parties under securities lending transactions and repurchase agreements on a fully collateralised basis. Corresponding 
liabilities of USD 1 951 million and USD 995 million, respectively, were recognised in accrued expenses and other liabilities for 
the obligation to return collateral that the Group has the right to sell or repledge.

As of 31 December 2015, a real estate portfolio with a carrying value of USD 224 million serves as collateral for short-term 
senior operational debt of USD 250 million.

Collateral accepted which the Group has the right to sell or repledge
As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, the fair value of the equity securities, government and corporate debt securities received as 
collateral was USD 7 165 million and USD 10 732 million, respectively. Of this, the amount that was sold or repledged as 
of 31 December 2014 and 2015 was USD 3 738 million and USD 6 125 million, respectively. The sources of the collateral are 
securities borrowing, reverse repurchase agreements and derivative transactions.

38  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

 
Offsetting of derivatives, financial assets and financial liabilities
Offsetting of derivatives, financial assets and financial liabilities as of 31 December was as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Derivative financial instruments - assets
Reverse repurchase agreements
Securities borrowing
Total

Gross amounts of  
recognised  
financial assets
4 420
3 254
87
7 761

Collateral set off  
in the balance sheet
–3 530
–1 303

–4 833

Net amounts of  financial  
assets presented  
in the balance sheet
890
1 951
87
2 928

Related financial  
instruments not set off  
in the balance sheet
–188
–1 951
–87
–2 226

2014 
USD millions
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities
Repurchase agreements
Securities lending
Total

Gross amounts of  
recognised  
financial liabilities
–3 840
–1 353
–1 901
–7 094

Collateral set off  
in the balance sheet
2 969
1 003
300
4 272

Net amounts of  financial  
liabilities presented  
in the balance sheet
–871
–350
–1 601
–2 822

Related financial  
instruments not set off  
in the balance sheet
141
350
1 475
1 966

2015 
USD millions
Derivative financial instruments - assets
Reverse repurchase agreements
Securities borrowing
Total

Gross amounts of  
recognised  
financial assets
2 752
6 358
452
9 562

Collateral set off  
in the balance sheet
–1 953
–3 000

–4 953

Net amounts of  financial  
assets presented  
in the balance sheet
799
3 358
452
4 609

Related financial  
instruments not set off  
in the balance sheet
–34
–3 351
–452
–3 837

2015 
USD millions
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities
Repurchase agreements
Securities lending
Total

Gross amounts of  
recognised  
financial liabilities
–2 090
–2 844
–1 151
–6 085

Collateral set off  
in the balance sheet
1 477
2 475
525
4 477

Net amounts of  financial  
liabilities presented  
in the balance sheet
–613
–369
–626
–1 608

Related financial  
instruments not set off  
in the balance sheet
77
369
582
1 028

Net amount
702
0
0
702

Net amount
–730
0
–126
–856

Net amount
765
7
0
772

Net amount
–536
0
–44
–580

Collateral pledged or received between two counterparties with a master netting arrangement in place, but not subject to 
balance sheet netting is disclosed at fair value. The fair values represent the gross carrying value amounts at the reporting date 
for each financial instrument received or pledged by the Group. Management believes that master netting agreements provide  
for legally enforceable set-off in the event of default, which substantially reduces credit exposure. Upon occurrence of an event  
of default the non-defaulting party may set off the obligation against collateral received regardless if offset on balance sheet prior 
to the defaulting event. The net amounts of the financial assets and liabilities presented on the balance sheet were recognised  
in “Other invested assets”, and “Accrued expenses and other liabilities”, respectively.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  39

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Recognised gross liability for the obligation to return collateral that the Group has the right to sell or repledge
As of 31 December 2015, the gross amounts of liabilities related to repurchase agreements and securities lending by the class  
of securities transferred to third parties and by the remaining maturity are shown below. The liabilities are recognised for the 
obligation to return collateral that the Group has the right to sell or repledge.

Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements

Overnight and 

continuous Up to 30 days

30–90 days

Greater than 90 
days

2015 
USD millions
Repurchase agreements
Debt securities issued by governments and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Total repurchase agreements

Securities lending
Debt securities issued by governments and government agencies
Total securities lending

Gross amount of recognised liabilities for repurchase agreements and  
securities lending

370
3
373

217
217

2 136
24
2 160

0

176

176

501
501

Total

2 817
27
2 844

135

135

433
433

1 151
1 151

3 995

The programme is structured in a conservative manner within a clearly defined risk framework. Yield enhancement is conducted 
on a non-cash basis, thereby taking no re-investment risk.

40  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Unrealised losses on securities available-for-sale
The following table shows the fair value and unrealised losses of the Group’s fixed income securities, aggregated by investment 
category and length of time that individual securities were in a continuous unrealised loss position as of 31 December 2014 and 
2015. As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, USD 39 million and USD 126 million, respectively, of the gross unrealised loss on 
equity securities available-for-sale relates to declines in value for less than 12 months and USD 12 million and USD 34 million, 
respectively, to declines in value for more than 12 months.

2014 
USD millions
Debt securities issued by governments 
and government agencies:

US Treasury and other US government 
corporations and agencies
US Agency securitised products
States of the United States and political 
subdivisions of the states
United Kingdom
Canada
Germany
France
Other

Total
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Total  

2015 
USD millions
Debt securities issued by governments 
and government agencies:

US Treasury and other US government 
corporations and agencies
US Agency securitised products
States of the United States and political 
subdivisions of the states
United Kingdom
Canada
Germany
France
Other

Total
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities
Total  

Less than 12 months
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

12 months or more
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

Total
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

1 501
965

66
53
254
816
308
1 263
5 226
3 273
1 356
9 855

3
12

1
1
1
26
17
71
132
88
11
231

63
462

16

2
67
15
826
1 451
985
276
2 712

1
11

1

3
1
37
54
53
11
118

1 564
1 427

82
53
256
883
323
2 089
6 677
4 258
1 632
12 567

4
23

2
1
1
29
18
108
186
141
22
349

Less than 12 months
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

12 months or more
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

Total
Unrealised 
losses

Fair value

4 516
1 408

339
1 067
930
825
500
3 067
12 652
9 201
2 150
24 003

93
22

10
42
11
25
13
107
323
426
27
776

6
226

6
14
10
113
16
194
585
383
187
1 155

1
5

1
1
2
2
3
36
51
66
8
125

4 522
1 634

345
1 081
940
938
516
3 261
13 237
9 584
2 337
25 158

94
27

11
43
13
27
16
143
374
492
35
901

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  41

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Mortgages, loans and real estate
As of 31 December, the carrying values of investments in mortgages, policy and other loans, and real estate (excluding unit-
linked and with-profit business) were as follows:

USD millions
Policy loans
Mortgage loans
Other loans
Investment real estate

2014
241
1 248
2 419
881

2015
80
1 389
2 363
1 550

The fair value of the real estate as of 31 December 2014 and 2015 was USD 2 475 million and USD 3 205 million, respectively. 
The carrying value of policy loans, mortgages and other loans approximates fair value. 

Depreciation expense related to income-producing properties was USD 26 million and USD 36 million for 2014 and 2015, 
respectively. Accumulated depreciation on investment real estate totalled USD 539 million and USD 504 million as of 
31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Substantially all mortgages, policy loans and other loan receivables are secured by buildings, land or the underlying policies.

42  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

8  Fair value disclosures

Fair value, as defined by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic, is the price that would be received to sell an asset 
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic requires all assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value to be 
categorised within the fair value hierarchy. This three-level hierarchy is based on the observability of the inputs used in the fair 
value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Group has the ability to access.  
Level 1 inputs are the most persuasive evidence of fair value and are to be used whenever possible. 

Level 2 inputs are market-based inputs that are directly or indirectly observable, but not considered level 1 quoted prices. Level 2 
inputs consist of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (ii) quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities 
in non-active markets (e.g. markets which have few transactions and where prices are not current or price quotations vary 
substantially); (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable (e.g. interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment 
speeds, credit risks and default rates); and (iv) inputs derived from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs. These inputs reflect the Group’s own assumptions about market pricing using the best 
internal and external information available.

The types of instruments valued, based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets, include most US government and 
sovereign obligations, active listed equities and most money market securities. Such instruments are generally classified within 
level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. 

The types of instruments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market 
prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency, include most 
government agency securities, investment-grade corporate bonds, certain mortgage- and asset-backed products, less liquid 
listed equities, and state, municipal and provincial obligations. Such instruments are generally classified within level 2 of the fair 
value hierarchy.

Exchange-traded derivative instruments typically fall within level 1 or level 2 of the fair value hierarchy depending on whether 
they are considered to be actively traded or not.

Certain financial instruments are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, because they trade infrequently and therefore 
have little or no price transparency. Such instruments include private equity, less liquid corporate debt securities and certain 
asset-backed securities. Certain over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information, 
and the determination of fair value for these derivatives is inherently more difficult. Such instruments are classified within level 3 
of the fair value hierarchy. Pursuant to the election of the fair value option, the Group classifies certain liabilities for life and health 
policy benefits in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors such as liquidity, 
bid/offer spreads, and credit considerations. Such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. In the absence 
of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used.

The fair values of assets are adjusted to incorporate the counterparty risk of non-performance. Similarly, the fair values of 
liabilities reflect the risk of non-performance of the Group, captured by the Group’s credit spread. These valuation adjustments 
from assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs are recognised in net realised gains and 
losses. For 2015, these adjustments were not material. Whenever the underlying assets or liabilities are reported in a specific 
business segment, the valuation adjustment is allocated accordingly. Valuation adjustments not attributable to any business 
segment are reported in Other. 

In certain situations, the Group uses inputs to measure the fair value of asset or liability positions that fall into different levels of 
the fair value hierarchy. In these situations, the Group will determine the appropriate level based on the lowest level input that  
is significant to the determination of the fair value.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  43

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Valuation techniques
US government securities typically have quoted market prices in active markets and are categorised as level 1 instruments in the 
fair value hierarchy. Non-US government holdings are generally classified as level 2 instruments and are valued on the basis of 
the quotes provided by pricing services, which are subject to the Group’s pricing validation reviews and pricing vendor challenge 
process. Valuations provided by pricing vendors are generally based on the actual trade information as substantially all of the 
Group’s non-US government holdings are traded in transparent and liquid markets.

Corporate debt securities mainly include US and European investment-grade positions, which are priced on the basis of quotes 
provided by third-party pricing vendors and first utilise valuation inputs from actively traded securities, such as bid prices,  
bid spreads to Treasury securities, Treasury curves, and same or comparable issuer curves and spreads. Issuer spreads are 
determined from actual quotes and traded prices and incorporate considerations of credit/default, sector composition, and 
liquidity and call features. Where market data is not available, valuations are developed based on the modelling techniques that 
utilise observable inputs and option-adjusted spreads and incorporate considerations of the security’s seniority, maturity and  
the issuer’s corporate structure.

Values of mortgage- and asset-backed securities are obtained both from third-party pricing vendors and through quoted prices, 
some of which may be based on the prices of comparable securities with similar structural and collateral features. Values of 
certain asset-backed securities (ABS) for which there are no significant observable inputs are developed using benchmarks  
to similar transactions or indices. For both residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and commercial mortgage-backed 
securities (CMBS), cash flows are derived based on the transaction-specific information, which incorporates priority in the 
capital structure, and are generally adjusted to reflect benchmark yields, market prepayment data, collateral performance 
(default rates and loss severity) for specific vintage and geography, credit enhancements, and ratings. For certain RMBS and 
CMBS with low levels of market liquidity, judgements may be required to determine comparable securities based on the loan 
type and deal-specific performance. CMBS terms may also incorporate lock-out periods that restrict borrowers from prepaying 
the loans or provide disincentives to prepay and therefore reduce prepayment risk of these securities, compared to RMBS. The 
factors specifically considered in valuation of CMBS include borrower-specific statistics in a specific region, such as debt service 
coverage and loan-to-value ratios, as well as the type of commercial property. Mortgage- and asset-backed securities also 
includes debt securitised by credit card, student loan and auto loan receivables. Pricing inputs for these securities also focus  
on capturing, where relevant, collateral quality and performance, payment patterns, and delinquencies. 

The Group uses third-party pricing vendor data to value agency securitised products, which mainly include collateralised 
mortgage obligations (CMO) and mortgage-backed government agency securities. The valuations generally utilise observable 
inputs consistent with those noted above for RMBS and CMBS.

Equity securities held by the Group for proprietary investment purposes are mainly classified in level 1. Securities classified in 
level 1 are traded on public stock exchanges for which quoted prices are readily available.

The category “Other invested assets” includes the Group’s private equity and hedge fund investments which are made directly  
or via ownership of funds. Substantially all of these investments are classified as level 3 due to the lack of observable prices and 
significant judgement required in valuation. Valuation of direct private equity investments requires significant management 
judgement due to the absence of quoted market prices and the lack of liquidity. Initial valuation is based on the acquisition cost, 
and is further refined based on the available market information for the public companies that are considered comparable to the 
Group’s holdings in the private companies being valued, and the private company-specific performance indicators; both historic  
and projected. Subsequent valuations also reflect business or asset appraisals, as well as market transaction data for private and 
public benchmark companies and the actual companies being valued, such as financing rounds and mergers and acquisitions 
activity. The Group’s holdings in the private equity and hedge funds are generally valued utilising net asset values (NAV), subject 
to adjustments, as deemed necessary, for restrictions on redemption (lock-up periods and amount limitations on redemptions). 

44  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

The Group holds both exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) interest rate, foreign exchange, credit and equity derivative 
contracts for hedging and trading purposes. The fair values of exchange-traded derivatives measured using observable 
exchange prices are classified in level 1. Long-dated contracts may require adjustments to the exchange-traded prices which 
would trigger reclassification to level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. OTC derivatives are generally valued by the Group based on the 
internal models, which are consistent with industry standards and practices, and use both observable (dealer, broker or market 
consensus prices, spot and forward rates, interest rate and credit curves and volatility indices) and unobservable inputs 
(adjustments for liquidity, inputs derived from the observable data based on the Group’s judgements and assumptions).

The Group’s OTC interest rate derivatives primarily include interest rate swaps, futures, options, caps and floors, and are valued 
based on the cash flow discounting models which generally utilise as inputs observable market yield curves and volatility 
assumptions. 

The Group’s OTC foreign exchange derivatives primarily include forward, spot and option contracts and are generally valued 
based on the cash flow discounting models, utilising as main inputs observable foreign exchange forward curves. 

The Group’s investments in equity derivatives primarily include OTC equity option contracts on single or baskets of market 
indices and equity options on individual or baskets of equity securities, which are valued using internally developed models  
(such as the Black-Scholes type option pricing model and various simulation models) calibrated with the inputs, which include 
underlying spot prices, dividend curves, volatility surfaces, yield curves, and correlations between underlying assets.

The Group’s OTC credit derivatives can include index and single-name credit default swaps, as well as more complex structured 
credit derivatives. Plain vanilla credit derivatives, such as index and single-name credit default swaps, are valued by the Group 
based on the models consistent with the industry valuation standards for these credit contracts, and primarily utilise observable 
inputs published by market data sources, such as credit spreads and recovery rates. These valuation techniques warrant 
classification of plain vanilla OTC derivatives as level 2 financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy. 

Governance around level 3 fair valuation
The Asset Valuation Committee, endorsed by the Group Executive Committee, has a primary responsibility for governing and 
overseeing all of the Group’s asset and derivative valuation policies and operating parameters (including level 3 measurements).  
The Asset Valuation Committee delegates the responsibility for implementation and oversight of consistent application of the 
Groupʼs pricing and valuation policies to the Pricing and Valuation Committee.

The Pricing and Valuation Committee, which is a joint Risk Management & Finance management control committee, is 
responsible for the implementation and consistent application of the pricing and valuation policies. Key functions of the Pricing 
and Valuation Committee include: oversight over the entire valuation process, approval of internal valuation methodologies, 
approval of external pricing vendors, monitoring of the independent price verification (IPV) process and resolution of significant 
or complex valuation issues.

A formal IPV process is undertaken monthly by members of the Valuation Risk Management team within the Financial Risk 
Management function. The process includes monitoring and in-depth analyses of approved pricing methodologies and 
valuations of the Group’s financial instruments aimed at identifying and resolving pricing discrepancies.

The Risk Management function is responsible for independent validation and ongoing review of the Group’s valuation models. 
The Product Control group within Finance is tasked with reporting of fair values through the vendor- and model-based valuations, 
the results of which are also subject to the IPV process.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  45

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
As of 31 December, the fair values of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis by level of input were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Assets
Fixed income securities held for proprietary  
investment purposes

Debt securities issued by US government 
and government agencies
US Agency securitised products
Debt securities issued by non-US  
governments and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

Equity securities held for proprietary  
investment purposes
Equity securities backing unit-linked and  
with-profit business
Short-term investments held for proprietary  
investment purposes
Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts
Other invested assets
Funds held by ceding companies2
Total assets at fair value

Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities at fair value

Quoted prices in  
active markets for  
identical assets 
and liabilities  
(Level 1)

Significant other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Impact of  
netting1

10 974

55 984

388

10 974

2 457

894

4 484
40

40

907

19 756

–13
–5

–8

–1 035
–1 048

1 419
3 028

24 920
21 368
5 249

6 036
3 843
2 625
272
889
1
56
562
273
66 698

–3 110
–2 117
–407
–561
–2
–23

–864
–3 974

375
13

4

537

–3 530

396

141
1 289

2 218

–3 530

–717

2 969

–130
–10
–577
–187
–1 559
–2 463

2 969

Total

67 346

12 393
3 028

24 920
21 743
5 262

2 461

894

10 520
890
2 625
272
1 325
1
197
2 758
273
85 142

–871
–2 122
–407
–699
–12
–600
–187
–3 458
–4 516

1  The netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables is permitted when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between two counterparties. A master 
netting agreement provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default or on the 
termination of any one contract.

2 The Group revised the scope of the fair value option disclosure to include certain assets held under three of its reinsurance agreements. These assets have been managed on  
  a fair value basis since inception.

46  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

2015 
USD millions
Assets
Fixed income securities held for proprietary  
investment purposes

Debt securities issued by US government 
and government agencies
US Agency securitised products
Debt securities issued by non-US  
governments and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

Equity securities held for proprietary  
investment purposes
Equity securities backing unit-linked and  
with-profit business
Short-term investments held for proprietary  
investment purposes
Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts
Other invested assets
Funds held by ceding companies2
Total assets at fair value

Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities at fair value

Quoted prices in  
active markets for  
identical assets 
and liabilities  
(Level 1)

Significant other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Impact of  
netting1

10 695

52 997

338

10 695

3 148

818

1 795
22
6

16

579

17 057

–17
–5

–12

–812
–829

1 450
2 776

23 124
21 143
4 504

2 867
2 266
1 304
319
617
1
25
49
245
58 424

–1 576
–789
–201
–582

–4

–2 524
–4 100

325
13

11

464

–1 953

334
1
129
1 013

1 826

–1 953

–497

1 477

–38
–19
–440
–165
–1 474
–2 136

1 477

Total

64 030

12 145
2 776

23 124
21 468
4 517

3 159

818

4 662
799
1 310
319
967
2
154
1 641
245
75 354

–613
–794
–201
–632
–19
–444
–165
–4 810
–5 588

1  The netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables is permitted when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between two counterparties. A master 
netting agreement provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default or on the 
termination of any one contract.

2 The Group revised the scope of the fair value option disclosure to include certain assets held under three of its reinsurance agreements. These assets have been managed on  
  a fair value basis since inception.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  47

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
As of 31 December, the reconciliation of the fair values of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis using significant 
unobservable inputs was as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Assets and liabilities
Balance as of 1 January

Realised/unrealised gains/losses:

Included in net income 
Included in other  
comprehensive income

Purchases
Issuances
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into level 31
Transfers out of level 31
Impact of foreign exchange 
movements

Fixed 
income  
securities 

Equity  
securities

Derivative  
assets

Other  
invested  
assets

Total  
assets

Derivative  
liabilities

Liabilities 
for life and 
health 
policy 
benefits

Accrued 
expenses 
and other 
liabilities

Total  
liabilities

619

1

7
10

–21
–227

–1

11

2

–1

–3

–4

–1
4

505

1 791

2 926

–994

–145

–1 656

–2 795

125

128

302

–39

44
28
–58
–24
42

–29
76

–523
–2
32
–130

–23
130
28
–605
–253
74
–135

–91
97
–31

263

0
0
–91
97
–31
0
0

–51
1 289

–52
2 218

537

–717

–3
–187

97
–1 559

94
–2 463

Closing balance as of 31 December

388

1  Transfers are recognised at the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. 

2015 
USD millions
Assets and liabilities
Balance as of 1 January

Realised/unrealised gains/losses:

Included in net income 
Included in other  
comprehensive income

Purchases
Issuances
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into level 31
Transfers out of level 31
Impact of foreign exchange 
movements

Closing balance as of 31 December

Fixed 
income  
securities 

Equity  
securities

Derivative  
assets

Other  
invested  
assets

Total  
assets

Derivative  
liabilities

Liabilities 
for life and 
health 
policy 
benefits

Accrued 
expenses 
and other 
liabilities

Total  
liabilities

388

4

537

1 289

2 218

–717

–187

–1 559

–2 463

4

–14
9

–46
–35
33

–1
338

–20

45

29

165

22

–1

8

–71
134

–441

70

7

–3
–72
15

–86
150
0
–490
–107
126
0

–10
1
65
–1

187

0
0
–10
1
65
–1
0

11

464

–13
1 013

–14
1 826

–497

–165

85
–1 474

85
–2 136

1  Transfers are recognised at the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. 

48  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Gains and losses on assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable 
inputs (level 3)
The gains and losses relating to the assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (level 3) for 
the years ended 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Gains/losses included in net income for the period

Whereof change in unrealised gains/losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date

2014
391
90

2015
216
47

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  49

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements
Unobservable inputs for major level 3 assets and liabilities as of 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Assets
Corporate debt securities

Private placement corporate debt

2014 
Fair value

2015  
Fair value

375
304

325
241

Valuation technique

Unobservable input

Range (weighted 
average)

Corporate Spread Matrix

Illiquidity premium

Private placement credit tenant leases

71

51 Discounted Cash Flow Model

Illiquidity premium

5 bps–186 bps  
(49 bps)
75 bps–175 bps  
(132 bps)
176 bps (n.a.)

–60%–100% 
(20%)1

–60%–100% 
(20%)1

32 Discounted Cash Flow Model

Valuation spread

396
396

–130
–46

334
334

–38
–38

–764

–605

Proprietary Option Model

Correlation

Proprietary Option Model

Correlation

–639

–567 Discounted Cash Flow Model

Risk margin
Volatility
Lapse
Mortality adjustment
Withdrawal rate

4% (n.a.)
4%–42%
0.5%–33%
–10%–0%
0%–90%

Infrastructure loan
Derivative equity contracts

OTC equity option referencing correlated 
equity indices

Liabilities
Derivative equity contracts

OTC equity option referencing  
correlated equity indices

Other derivative contracts and liabilities for 
life and health policy benefits

Variable annuity and fair valued GMDB  
contracts

1 Represents average input value for the reporting period.

50  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Sensitivity of recurring level 3 measurements to changes in unobservable inputs
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Group’s private placement corporate debt securities 
and private placement credit tenant leases is illiquidity premium. A significant increase (decrease) in this input in isolation would 
result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value 
measurement of the Group’s infrastructure loan is valuation spread. A significant increase (decrease) in this input in isolation 
would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Group’s OTC equity option referencing correlated 
equity indices is correlation. Where the Group is long correlation risk, a significant increase (decrease) in this input in isolation 
would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Where the Group is short correlation risk, a significant 
increase (decrease) in this input in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Group’s variable annuity and fair valued 
guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) contracts are: risk margin, volatility, lapse, mortality adjustment rate and withdrawal 
rate. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in each of the following inputs: risk margin, volatility and withdrawal rate would 
result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value of the Group’s obligation. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in a lapse 
rate for in-the-money contracts would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value of the Group’s obligation, whereas for  
out-of-the-money contracts, an isolated increase (decrease) in a lapse assumption would increase (decrease) fair value of the 
Group’s obligation. Changes in the mortality adjustment rate impact fair value of the Group’s obligation differently for living-
benefit products, compared to death-benefit products. For the former, a significant increase (decrease) in the mortality 
adjustment rate (i.e. increase (decrease) in mortality, respectively) in isolation would result in a decrease (increase) in fair value  
of the Group’s liability. For the latter, a significant increase (decrease) in the mortality adjustment rate in isolation would result  
in an increase (decrease) in fair value of the Group’s liability. 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  51

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Other invested assets measured at net asset value
Other invested assets measured at net asset value as of 31 December, respectively, were as follows:

USD millions
Private equity funds
Hedge funds
Private equity direct
Real estate funds
Total

2014 
Fair value
657
344
33
203
1 237

2015 
Fair value
550
135
31
203
919

Unfunded 
commitments
103

57
160

Redemption frequency 
(if currently eligible)
non-redeemable
redeemable1
non-redeemable
non-redeemable

Redemption  
notice period
n.a.
45-95 days2
n.a.
n.a.

1  The redemption frequency varies by position.
2  Cash distribution can be delayed for an extended period depending on the sale of the underlyings.

The hedge fund investments employ a variety of strategies, including global macro, relative value, event-driven and long/short 
equity across various asset classes.

The private equity direct portfolio consists of equity and equity-like investments directly in other companies. These investments 
have no contractual term and are generally held based on financial or strategic intent.

Private equity and real estate funds generally have limitations imposed on the amount of redemptions from the fund during the 
redemption period due to illiquidity of the underlying investments. Fees may apply for redemptions or transferring of interest  
to other parties. Distributions are expected to be received from these funds as the underlying assets are liquidated over the life  
of the fund, which is generally from 10 to 12 years.

The redemption frequency of hedge funds varies depending on the manager as well as the nature of the underlying product. 
Additionally, certain funds may impose lock-up periods and redemption gates as defined in the terms of the individual investment 
agreement.

Fair value option
The fair value option under the Financial Instruments Topic permits the choice to measure specified financial assets and liabilities 
at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

The Group elected the fair value option for positions in the following line items in the balance sheet:

Other invested assets
The Group elected the fair value option for certain investments classified as equity method investees within other invested assets 
in the balance sheet. The Group applied the fair value option, as the investments are managed on a fair value basis. The changes 
in fair value of these elected investments are recorded in earnings.

Funds held by ceding companies 
For operational efficiencies, the Group elected the fair value option for funds held by the cedent under three of its reinsurance 
agreements. The assets are carried at fair value and changes in fair value are reported as a component of earnings.

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
The Group elected the fair value option for existing GMDB reserves related to certain variable annuity contracts which are 
classified as universal life-type contracts. The Group has applied the fair value option, as the equity risk associated with those 
contracts is managed on a fair value basis and it is economically hedged with derivative options in the market.

52  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to election of the fair value option
Pursuant to the election of the fair value option for the items described, the balances as of 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Assets
Other invested assets

of which at fair value pursuant to the fair value option

Funds held by ceding companies

of which at fair value pursuant to the fair value option1

Liabilities
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits

of which at fair value pursuant to the fair value option

2014

2015

7 353
50
12 173
273

–19 284
–187

7 861
92
10 668
245

–16 779
–165

1 The Group revised the scope of the fair value option disclosure to include certain assets held under three of its reinsurance agreements. These assets have been managed on  
  a fair value basis since inception.

Changes in fair values for items measured at fair value pursuant to election of the fair value option
Gains /losses included in earnings for items measured at fair value pursuant to election of the fair value option including foreign 
exchange impact for the years ended 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Other invested assets
Funds held by ceding companies1
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Total

2014
2
1
–41
–38

2015
4
7
21
32

1 The Group revised the scope of the fair value option disclosure to include certain assets held under three of its reinsurance agreements. These assets have been managed on  
  a fair value basis since inception.

Fair value changes from other invested assets and funds held by ceding companies are reported in “Net investment income - 
non-participating business”. Fair value changes from the GMDB reserves are shown in “Life and health benefits”.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  53

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed
Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed as of 31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Assets
Policy loans
Mortgage loans
Other loans
Investment real estate
Total assets

Liabilities
Debt
Total liabilities

2015 
USD millions
Assets
Policy loans
Mortgage loans
Other loans
Investment real estate
Total assets

Liabilities
Debt
Total liabilities

Significant other 
observable inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable 
inputs (Level 3)

241
1 248
2 419
2 475
6 383

0

Total

241
1 248
2 419
2 475
6 383

–9 441
–9 441

–8 694
–8 694

–18 135
–18 135

Significant other 
observable inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable 
inputs (Level 3)

80
1 389
2 363
3 205
7 037

0

Total

80
1 389
2 363
3 205
7 037

–8 190
–8 190

–7 137
–7 137

–15 327
–15 327

Policy loans, other loans and certain mortgage loans are classified as level 3 measurements, as they do not have an active  
exit market. Some of these positions need to be assessed in conjunction with the corresponding insurance business. Considering 
these circumstances, the Group presents the carrying amount as an approximation for the fair value.

Investments in real estate are fair valued primarily by external appraisers based on proprietary discounted cash flow models  
that incorporate applicable risk premium adjustments to discount yields and projected market rental income streams based on 
market-specific data. These fair value measurements are classified in level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. 

Debt positions, which are fair valued based on executable broker quotes or based on the discounted cash flow method using 
observable inputs, are classified as level 2 measurements. Fair value of the majority of the Group’s level 3 debt positions is 
judged to approximate carrying value due to the highly tailored nature of the obligation and short-notice termination provisions. 

54  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

This page is intentionally left blank.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  55

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

9  Derivative financial instruments

The Group uses a variety of derivative financial instruments including swaps, options, forwards, credit derivatives and exchange-
traded financial futures in its trading and hedging strategies, in line with the Group’s overall risk management strategy. The 
objectives include managing exposure to price, foreign currency and/or interest rate risk on planned or anticipated investment 
purchases, existing assets or liabilities, as well as locking in attractive investment conditions for future available funds.

The fair values represent the gross carrying value amounts at the reporting date for each class of derivative contract held or 
issued by the Group. The gross fair values are not an indication of credit risk, as many over-the-counter transactions are 
contracted and documented under ISDA master agreements or their equivalent. Management believes that such agreements 
provide for legally enforceable set-off in the event of default, which substantially reduces credit exposure.

56  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Total derivative financial instruments

141 750

4 420

–3 840

Fair values and notional amounts of derivative financial instruments
As of 31 December, the fair values and notional amounts of the derivatives outstanding were as follows:

Notional amount  
assets/liabilities

Fair value 
 assets

Fair value 
 liabilities

Carrying value  
assets/liabilities

2014 
USD millions
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts
Total 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
Total 

Amount offset

Where a right of set-off exists 
Due to cash collateral

Total net amount of derivative financial instruments

2015 
USD millions
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts
Total 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
Total 

83 942
12 924
20 173
450
21 491
139 980

2 770
2 770

2 625
223
1 325
1
197
4 371

49
49

–2 122
–400
–699
–12
–600
–3 833

–7
–7

–2 554
–976
890

2 554
415
–871

66 787
14 273
16 374
188
17 842
115 464

2 151
2 151

1 310
282
967
2
154
2 715

37
37

–794
–201
–632
–19
–444
–2 090

0

Notional amount  
assets/liabilities

Fair value 
 assets

Fair value 
 liabilities

Carrying value  
assets/liabilities

503
–177
626
–11
–403
538

42
42

580

19

516
81
335
–17
–290
625

37
37

662

186

Total derivative financial instruments

117 615

2 752

–2 090

Amount offset

Where a right of set-off exists 
Due to cash collateral

Total net amount of derivative financial instruments

–1 162
–791
799

1 162
315
–613

The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments give an indication of the Group’s volume of derivative activity.  
The fair value assets are included in “Other invested assets” and the fair value liabilities are included in “Accrued expenses  
and other liabilities”. The fair value amounts that were not offset were nil as of 31 December 2014 and 2015.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  57

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Non-hedging activities
The Group primarily uses derivative financial instruments for risk management and trading strategies. Gains and losses of 
derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in “Net realised investment gains/losses — 
non-participating business” in the income statement. For the years ended 31 December, the gains and losses of derivative 
financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

USD millions
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts
Foreign exchange contracts
Equity contracts
Credit contracts
Other contracts
Total gain/loss recognised in income

2014

–207
49
–172
9
–358
–679

2015

68
433
–191
–5
212
517

Hedging activities
The Group designates certain derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments. The designation of derivative financial 
instruments is primarily used for overall portfolio and risk management strategies. As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, the 
following hedging relationships were outstanding:

Fair value hedges
The Group enters into foreign exchange swaps to reduce the exposure to foreign exchange volatility for certain of its issued debt 
positions and fixed income securities. These derivative instruments are designated as hedging instruments in qualifying fair  
value hedges. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedging instruments are recorded in  
“Net realised investment gains/losses — non-participating business” in the income statement. For the years ended 31 December, 
the gains and losses attributable to the hedged risks were as follows:

USD millions
Fair value hedging relationships
Foreign exchange contracts
Total gain/loss recognised in income

Gains/losses  
on derivatives

2014
Gains/losses on  
hedged items 

Gains/losses  
on derivatives

2015
Gains/losses on  
hedged items 

122
122

–120
–120

119
119

–119
–119

Hedges of the net investment in foreign operations
The Group designates derivative and non-derivative monetary financial instruments as hedging the foreign currency exposure  
of its net investment in certain foreign operations.

For the year ended 31 December 2014 and 2015, the Group recorded an accumulated net unrealised foreign currency 
remeasurement gain of USD 525 million and a gain of USD 1 075 million, respectively, in shareholder’s equity. These offset 
translation gains and losses on the hedged net investment.

58  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

 
Maximum potential loss
In consideration of the rights of set-off and the qualifying master netting arrangements with various counterparties,  
the maximum potential loss as of 31 December 2014 and 2015 was approximately USD 1 866 million and  
USD 1 590 million, respectively. The maximum potential loss is based on the positive market replacement cost  
assuming non-performance of all counterparties, excluding cash collateral.

Credit risk-related contingent features
Certain derivative instruments held by the Group contain provisions that require its debt to maintain an investment-grade credit 
rating. If the Group’s credit rating were downgraded or no longer rated, the counterparties could request immediate payment, 
guarantee or an ongoing full overnight collateralisation on derivative instruments in net liability positions.

The total fair value of derivative financial instruments containing credit risk-related contingent features amounted to 
USD 112 million and USD 51 million as of 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively. For derivative financial instruments 
containing credit risk-related contingent features, the Group posted collateral of USD 6 million and nil as of 31 December 2014 
and 2015, respectively. In the event of a reduction of the Group’s credit rating to below investment grade, a fair value of 
USD 51 million additional collateral would have had to be posted as of 31 December 2015. The total equals the amount  
needed to settle the instruments immediately as of 31 December 2015.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  59

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

10  Disposals

In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Group entered into an agreement to sell Aurora National Life Assurance Company (Aurora),  
a US subsidiary, to Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (RGA). Aurora primarily consists of bonds and policyholder 
liabilities. An expected pre-tax loss of USD 247 million (including the impact of net unrealised gains and shadow loss reserve  
that will be reclassified from equity into the income statement) on the disposition of the net assets was recognised in the fourth 
quarter of 2014.

In the second quarter of 2015, the Group completed the sale following the receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals.  
The purchase price included a cash payment of USD 184 million. The Group adjusted the initial loss on the transaction by a 
pre-tax gain of USD 9 million on a year to date basis. The gain was reflected in the “Net realised investment gains /losses –  
non-participating” in the income statement of the “Other” segment.

The major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale as of 31 December 2014 and disposed in the second quarter of 2015 
were as follows:

USD millions
Assets
Fixed income securities available-for-sale
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans
Short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Accrued investment income
Premiums and other receivables
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
Other assets
Total assets

Liabilities
Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities

2014

2015

3 456
157
6
23
37
6
7
1
3 693

15
1 494
1 151
292
2 952

3 496
154
1
19
33
9
8
1
3 721

22
1 479
1 130
315
2 946

60  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

11  Debt and contingent capital instruments

The Group enters into long- and short-term debt arrangements to obtain funds for general corporate use and specific transaction 
financing. The Group defines short-term debt as debt having a maturity at the balance sheet date of not greater than one year 
and long-term debt as having a maturity of greater than one year. For subordinated debt positions, maturity is defined as the first 
optional redemption date (notwithstanding that optional redemption could be subject to regulatory consent). Interest expense is 
classified accordingly. 

The Group’s debt as of 31 December was as follows:

USD millions
Senior financial debt
Senior operational debt
Subordinated financial debt
Short-term debt – financial and operational debt

Senior financial debt
Senior operational debt
Subordinated financial debt
Subordinated operational debt
Long-term debt – financial and operational debt

Total carrying value
Total fair value

Maturity of long-term debt
As of 31 December, long-term debt as reported above had the following maturities:

USD millions
Due in 2016
Due in 2017
Due in 2018
Due in 2019
Due in 2020
Due after 2020
Total carrying value

 1 Balance was reclassified to short-term debt.

2014
3 925
1 034

4 959

2 659
713
4 990
2 903
11 265

16 224
18 135

2014
1 984
1 215
0
1 922
212
5 932
11 265

2015
2 285
751
1 069
4 105

2 880
467
3 607
2 720
9 674

13 779
15 327

2015
01
1 143
0
1 855
204
6 472
9 674

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  61

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Senior long-term debt

Instrument
EMTN
Senior notes1
Senior notes
EMTN
Senior notes1
EMTN
Senior notes1
Senior notes
Payment undertaking agreements

Maturity
2017
2019
2022
2024
2026
2027
2030
2042
Various
Total senior long-term debt as of 31 December 2015
Total senior long-term debt as of 31 December 2014

1 Assumed in the acquisition of GE Insurance Solutions.

Subordinated long-term debt

Issued in
2011
1999
2012
2014
1996
2015
2000
2012
various

Currency
CHF
USD
USD
CHF
USD
CHF
USD
USD
USD

Nominal in 
millions
600
234
250
250
397
250
193
500
383

Interest rate
2.13%
6.45%
2.88%
1.00%
7.00%
0.75%
7.75%
4.25%
various

Book value in USD millions
599
263
248
248
508
251
274
489
467
3 347
3 372

Currency
USD
EUR
CHF

Nominal in 
millions
750
500
175

Interest rate
6.38%
6.63%
7.50%

 First call in
2019
2022
2020

Book value 
in USD millions
813
537
204

GBP
GBP
AUD

1 845
500
300

4.87%
6.30%
7.64%
6 months 
BBSW+1.17%

2019
2017

2017

2007

AUD

450

2015

EUR

750

2.60%

2025

2 720
736
218

327

772
6 327
7 893

Maturity Instrument
2024 Subordinated contingent write-off loan note
2042 Subordinated fixed-to-floating rate loan note
2045 Subordinated contingent write-off  securities
Subordinated private placement (amortising, 
limited recourse)
Subordinated perpetual loan note
Subordinated perpetual loan note

2057

Issued in
2013
2012
2013

2007
2007
2007

Subordinated perpetual loan note
Perpetual subordinated fixed-to-floating rate 
callable loan note

Total subordinated long-term debt as of 31 December 2015
Total subordinated long-term debt as of 31 December 2014

62  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Interest expense on long-term debt and contingent capital instruments
Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended 31 December was as follows:

USD millions
Senior financial debt
Senior operational debt
Subordinated financial debt
Subordinated operational debt
Total 

2014
110
16
293
231
650

2015
104
13
213
137
467

In addition to the above, interest expense on contingent capital instruments classified as equity was USD 69 million and 
USD 68 million for the years ended 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Long-term debt issued in 2015
In January 2015, SRZ issued senior notes due 2027. The notes have a face value of CHF 250 million, with a fixed coupon of 
0.75% per annum.

In April 2015, SRZ issued EUR 750 million face amount of perpetual subordinated fixed-to-floating rate callable loan notes with a 
first optional redemption date on 1 September 2025. The notes bear interest through the first optional redemption date at 2.60% 
per annum. The notes were issued in connection with a concurrent exchange of part of the EUR 1 billion 5.252% Perpetual 
Subordinated Step-Up Loan Notes issued by SRZ.

Contingent capital instruments
In February 2012, SRZ issued a perpetual subordinated instrument with stock settlement. The instrument has a face value of 
CHF 320 million, with a fixed coupon of 7.25% per annum until the first optional redemption date (1 September 2017).

In March 2012, SRZ issued a perpetual subordinated capital instrument with stock settlement. The instrument has a face value 
of USD 750 million, with a fixed coupon of 8.25% per annum until the first optional redemption date (1 September 2018).

Both instruments may be converted, at the option of the issuer, into Swiss Re Ltd shares at any time through at market conversion 
using the retrospective five-day volume weighted average share price with a 3% discount or within six months following a 
solvency event at a pre-set floor price (CHF 26 for the instrument with face value of CHF 320 million and USD 32 for the 
instrument with face value of USD 750 million, respectively). These instruments are referred to in these financial statements  
as “contingent capital instruments”.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  63

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

12  Income taxes

The Group is generally subject to corporate income taxes based on the taxable net income in various jurisdictions in which the 
Group operates. The components of the income tax charge were:

USD millions
Current taxes
Deferred taxes
Income tax expense

2014
1 002
–607
395

Tax rate reconciliation
The following table reconciles the expected tax expense at the Swiss statutory tax rate to the actual tax expense in the 
accompanying income statement:

USD millions
Income tax at the Swiss statutory tax rate of 21.0% 
Increase (decrease) in the income tax charge resulting from:

Foreign income taxed at different rates
Impact of foreign exchange movements
Tax exempt income/dividends received deduction
Change in valuation allowance
Basis differences in subsidiaries
Change in liability for unrecognised tax benefits including interest and penalties
Other, net

Total 

2014
706

77
–176
–55
–28
14
–197
54
395

2015
317
207
524

2015
913

265
–182
–52
–26
–315
–97
18
524

The Group reported a tax charge of USD 524 million on a pre-tax income of USD 4 349 million for 2015, compared to a charge 
of USD 395 million on a pre-tax income of USD 3 361 million for 2014. This translates into an effective tax rate in the current and 
prior year reporting periods of 12.0% and 11.8%, respectively. The higher tax rate in 2015 was largely driven by tax on profits 
earned in higher tax jurisdictions, tax benefit arising from a local statutory adjustment for the restructuring of subsidiaries and 
higher tax benefits from foreign currency translation differences between statutory and GAAP accounts.

64  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Deferred and other non-current taxes
The components of deferred and other non-current taxes were as follows:

USD millions
Deferred tax assets
Income accrued/deferred
Technical provisions
Pension provisions
Benefit on loss carryforwards
Currency translation adjustments
Other
Gross deferred tax asset
Valuation allowance
Unrecognised tax benefits offsetting benefits on loss carryforwards
Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities
Present value of future profits
Income accrued/deferred
Bond amortisation
Deferred acquisition costs
Technical provisions
Unrealised gains on investments
Untaxed realised gains
Foreign exchange provisions
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities

Liability for unrecognised tax benefits including interest and penalties
Total deferred and other non-current tax liabilities

2014

2015

247
583
257
3 517
367
898
5 869
–639
–24
5 206

–277
–877
–370
–694
–2 545
–1 188
–238
–185
–492
–6 866

–624
–7 490

265
665
309
3 072
321
1 225
5 857
–553
–35
5 269

–214
–894
–638
–868
–2 351
–496
–94
–269
–579
–6 403

–368
–6 771

Net deferred and other non-current taxes

–2 284

–1 502

As of 31 December 2015, the aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with investment in subsidiaries,  
branches and associates and interests in joint ventures, for which deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised amount  
to approximately USD 3.9 billion. In the remote scenario in which these temporary differences were to reverse simultaneously, 
the resulting tax liabilities would be very limited due to participation exemption rules. 

As of 31 December 2015, the Group had USD 9 223 million net operating tax loss carryforwards, expiring as follows:  
USD 26 million in 2018, USD 47 million in 2019, USD 12 million in 2020, USD 8 084 million in 2021 and beyond, and 
USD 1 054 million never expire.

The Group also had capital loss carryforwards of USD 72 million, expiring 2020. 

Net operating tax losses of USD 1 388 million and net capital tax losses of USD 92 million were utilised during the period ended 
31 December 2015.

Income taxes paid in 2014 and 2015 were USD 444 million and USD 981 million, respectively.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  65

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Unrecognised tax benefits
A reconciliation of the opening and closing amount of gross unrecognised tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) is  
as follows:

USD millions
Balance as of 1 January 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 
Additions for tax positions related to the prior years 
Reductions for tax positions of current year
Reductions for tax positions of prior years 
Settlements 
Other (including foreign currency translation)
Balance as of 31 December

2014
952
22
49
–137
–215
–84
–51
536

2015
536
34
113

–233
–97
–22
331

The amount of gross unrecognised tax benefits within the tabular reconciliation that, if recognised, would affect the effective  
tax rate were approximately USD 497 million and USD 327 million at 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Interest and penalties related to unrecognised tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense. Such expense in 2015 was  
USD 40 million (USD 19 million in 2014). As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, USD 112 million and USD 72 million, respectively, 
were accrued for the payment of interest (net of tax benefits) and penalties. The accrued interest balance as of 31 December 
2015 is included within the deferred and other non-current taxes section reflected above and in the balance sheet. 

The balance of gross unrecognised tax benefits as of 31 December 2015 presented in the table above excludes accrued interest 
and penalties (USD 72 million). 

During the year, certain tax positions and audits in Switzerland, France and Germany were effectively settled.

The Group continually evaluates proposed adjustments by taxing authorities. The Group believes that it is reasonably possible 
(more than remote and less than likely) that the balance of unrecognised tax benefits could increase or decrease over the next 12 
months due to settlements or expiration of statutes. However, quantification of an estimated range cannot be made at this time.

The following table summarises jurisdictions and tax years that remain subject to examination:

Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada 
China
Columbia
Denmark
France
Germany
Hong Kong
India
Ireland
Israel
Italy

Japan
Korea
Luxembourg

2010 - 2015
2013 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2011 - 2015 Malaysia
2005 - 2015 Mexico
2013 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2008 - 2009, 2012 - 2015
2007 - 2015
2009 - 2015
2005 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2008 - 2015
2012 - 2015

Netherlands
New Zealand
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States

2012 - 2015
2013 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2013 - 2015
2010 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2009 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2011 - 2015
2013 - 2015
2008, 2011 - 2015
2009 - 2015

66  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

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Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  67

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

13  Benefit plans

Defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement benefits
The Swiss Re Group sponsors various funded defined benefit pension plans. Employer contributions to the plans are charged to 
income on a basis which recognises the costs of pensions over the expected service lives of employees covered by the plans. 
The Group’s funding policy for these plans is to contribute annually at a rate that is intended to maintain a level percentage of 
compensation for the employees covered. A full valuation is prepared at least every three years. 

The Swiss Re Group also provides certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired employees and their dependants. 
Employees become eligible for these benefits when they become eligible for pension benefits.

The measurement date of these plans is 31 December for each year presented.

2014 
USD millions
Benefit obligation as of 1 January
Service cost
Interest cost
Amendments
Actuarial gains/losses
Benefits paid
Employee contribution
Acquisitions/disposals/additions
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Effect of foreign currency translation
Benefit obligation as of 31 December

Fair value of plan assets as of 1 January
Actual return on plan assets
Company contribution
Benefits paid
Employee contribution
Acquisitions/disposals/additions
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Effect of foreign currency translation
Fair value of plan assets as of 31 December
Funded status

Swiss plan
3 530
100
76
–90
587
–129
27

1
–418
3 684

3 660
281
101
–129
27

1
–407
3 534
–150

Foreign plans
1 805
7
76

Other benefits
341
5
12

193
–60

–4
–24
–114
1 879

1 742
217
65
–60

–24
–117
1 823
–56

52
–17

–22
371

0

17
–17

0
–371

Total
5 676
112
164
–90
832
–206
27
–4
–23
–554
5 934

5 402
498
183
–206
27
0
–23
–524
5 357
–577

68  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

2015 
USD millions
Benefit obligation as of 1 January
Service cost
Interest cost
Amendments
Actuarial gains/losses
Benefits paid
Employee contribution
Acquisitions/disposals/additions
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Effect of foreign currency translation
Benefit obligation as of 31 December

Fair value of plan assets as of 1 January
Actual return on plan assets
Company contribution
Benefits paid
Employee contribution
Acquisitions/disposals/additions
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Effect of foreign currency translation
Fair value of plan assets as of 31 December
Funded status

Swiss plan
3 684
111
42

Foreign plans
1 879
7
61

Other benefits
371
5
10

236
–189
26

2
–36
3 876

3 534
36
94
–189
26

2
–25
3 478
–398

–49
–60

2

–103
1 737

1 823
7
61
–60

1

–108
1 724
–13

–2
–16

–5
363

0

16
–16

0
–363

Amounts recognised in „Other assets“ and „Accrued expenses and other liabilities“ in the Group‘s balance sheet as of 
31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Non-current assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Net amount recognised

2015 
USD millions
Non-current assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Net amount recognised

Swiss plan

–150
–150

Swiss plan

–398
–398

Foreign plans
185
–3
–238
–56

Foreign plans
188
–3
–198
–13

Other benefits

–15
–356
–371

Other benefits

–15
–348
–363

Total
5 934
123
113
0
185
–265
26
2
2
–144
5 976

5 357
43
171
–265
26
1
2
–133
5 202
–774

Total
185
–18
–744
–577

Total
188
–18
–944
–774

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  69

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Amounts recognised in accumulated other comprehensive income, gross of tax, as of 31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Net gain/loss
Prior service cost/credit
Total

2015 
USD millions
Net gain/loss
Prior service cost/credit
Total

Swiss plan
897
–87
810

Swiss plan
1 134
–78
1 056

Foreign plans
323
1
324

Foreign plans
303
1
304

Other benefits
–45
–77
–122

Other benefits
–43
–67
–110

Components of net periodic benefit cost
The components of pension and post-retirement cost for the years ended 31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Service cost (net of participant contributions)
Interest cost
Expected return on assets
Amortisation of:
   Net gain/loss
   Prior service cost
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Net periodic benefit cost

2015 
USD millions
Service cost (net of participant contributions)
Interest cost
Expected return on assets
Amortisation of:
   Net gain/loss
   Prior service cost
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Net periodic benefit cost

Swiss plan
100
76
–112

Foreign plans
7
76
–84

Other benefits
5
12

43
–5
1
103

19
–3
–2
13

–12
–11

–6

Swiss plan
111
42
–113

Foreign plans
7
61
–71

Other benefits
5
10

76
–9
2
109

17

14

–4
–10

1

Total
1 175
–163
1 012

Total
1 394
–144
1 250

Total
112
164
–196

50
–19
–1
110

Total
123
113
–184

89
–19
2
124

70  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognised in other comprehensive income for the years ended 
31 December were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Net gain/loss
Prior service cost/credit
Amortisation of:
   Net gain/loss
   Prior service cost
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Exchange rate gain/loss recognised during the year
Total recognised in other comprehensive income, gross of tax
Total recognised in net periodic benefit cost 
and other comprehensive income, gross of tax

2015 
USD millions
Net gain/loss
Prior service cost/credit
Amortisation of:
   Net gain/loss
   Prior service cost
Effect of settlement, curtailment and termination
Exchange rate gain/loss recognised during the year
Total recognised in other comprehensive income, gross of tax
Total recognised in net periodic benefit cost 
and other comprehensive income, gross of tax

Swiss plan
418
–90

Foreign plans
60
–4

Other benefits
52

–43
5

290

393

–19
3

–19
21

34

12
11

75

69

Swiss plan
313

Foreign plans
15

Other benefits
–2

–76
9

246

355

–17

–18
–20

–6

4
10

12

13

Total
530
–94

–50
19
0
–19
386

496

Total
326
0

–89
19
0
–18
238

362

The estimated net loss and prior service credit for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortised from accumulated 
other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2016 are USD 85 million and USD 9 million, respectively. The 
estimated net gain and prior service credit for the other defined post-retirement benefits that will be amortised from 
accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2016 are USD 4 million and USD 9 million, 
respectively.

The accumulated benefit obligation (the current value of accrued benefits excluding future salary increases) for pension benefits  
was USD 5 469 million and USD 5 546 million as of 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of 31 December were as follows:

USD millions
Projected benefit obligation
Accumulated benefit obligation
Fair value of plan assets

2014
4 769
4 720
4 379

2015
4 881
4 840
4 282

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  71

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Principal actuarial assumptions

Assumptions used to determine  
obligations at the end of the year
Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

Assumptions used to determine net  
periodic pension costs for the year ended
Discount rate
Expected long-term return 
on plan assets
Rate of compensation increase

Assumed medical trend rates 
at year end
Medical trend – initial rate
Medical trend – ultimate rate
Year that the rate reaches 
the ultimate trend rate

Swiss plan

Foreign plans weighted average

Other benefits weighted average

2014

2015

2014

2015

2014

2015

1.1%
2.3%

2.3%

3.3%
2.3%

0.8%
2.0%

1.1%

3.3%
2.3%

3.4%
2.8%

4.4%

5.1%
3.2%

3.6%
2.8%

3.4%

4.2%
2.8%

2.7%
2.1%

2.7%
2.1%

3.5%

2.7%

2.1%

2.1%

6.0%
4.5%

2019

6.1%
4.6%

2020

The expected long-term rates of return on plan assets are based on long-term expected inflation, interest rates, risk premiums 
and targeted asset category allocations. The estimates take into consideration historical asset category returns.

Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the healthcare plans. A one 
percentage point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have had the following effects for 2015:

USD millions
Effect on total of service and interest cost components
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation

1 percentage point 
increase
1
26

1 percentage point 
decrease
–1
–22

72  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Plan asset allocation by asset category
The actual asset allocation by major asset category for defined benefit pension plans as of the respective measurement dates in 
2014 and 2015 is as follows:

Asset category
Equity securities
Debt securities
Real estate
Other
Total

Swiss plan allocation

Foreign plans allocation

2014

2015 Target allocation

2014

2015 Target allocation

28%
46%
18%
8%
100%

26%
47%
21%
6%
100%

25%
47%
20%
8%
100%

27%
67%
0%
6%
100%

22%
71%
1%
6%
100%

22%
70%
1%
7%
100%

Actual asset allocation is determined by a variety of current economic and market conditions and considers specific asset class 
risks.

Equity securities include Swiss Re common stock of USD 6 million (0.1% of total plan assets) and USD 6 million (0.1 % of total 
plan assets) as of 31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively.

The Group’s pension plan investment strategy is to match the maturity profiles of the assets and liabilities in order to reduce the 
future volatility of pension expense and funding status of the plans. This involves balancing investment portfolios between equity 
and fixed income securities. Tactical allocation decisions that reflect this strategy are made on a quarterly basis.

Assets measured at fair value
For a description of the different fair value levels and valuation techniques see Note 8 “Fair value disclosures”.

Certain items reported as pension plan assets at fair value in the table below are not within the scope of Note 8, namely two 
positions: real estate and an insurance contract. 

Real estate positions classified as level 1 and level 2 are exchange traded real estate funds where a market valuation is readily 
available. Real estate reported on level 3 is property owned by the pension funds. These positions are accounted for at the 
capitalised income value. The capitalisation based on sustainable recoverable earnings is conducted at interest rates that are 
determined individually for each property, based on the property’s location, age and condition. If properties are intended for 
disposal, the estimated selling costs and taxes are recognised in provisions. Sales gains or losses are allocated to income from 
real estate when the contract is concluded. 

The fair value of the insurance contract is based on the fair value of the assets backing the contract.

Other assets classified within level 3 mainly consist of private equity investments valued with the same methodology as 
mentioned in Note 8.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  73

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

As of 31 December, the fair values of pension plan assets by level of input were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Assets
Fixed income securities:

Debt securities issued by the US government 
and government agencies
Debt securities issued by non-US governments 
and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities

Equity securities:

Equity securities held for proprietary investment purposes

Derivative financial instruments
Real estate
Other assets
Total assets at fair value
Cash
Total plan assets

2015 
USD millions
Assets
Fixed income securities:

Debt securities issued by the US government 
and government agencies
Debt securities issued by non-US governments 
and government agencies
Corporate debt securities
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Other asset-backed securities

Equity securities:

Equity securities held for proprietary investment purposes

Derivative financial instruments
Real estate
Other assets
Total assets at fair value
Cash
Total plan assets

Quoted prices in  
active markets for  
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant other  
observable inputs  
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable inputs  
(Level 3)

9

976
–3
53
21
1 056
146
1 202

146

864
1 846
22
2
1

483

11
59
3 434
4
3 438

578
139
717

717

Quoted prices in  
active markets for  
identical assets 
(Level 1)

Significant other  
observable inputs  
(Level 2)

Significant  
unobservable inputs  
(Level 3)

34

917
–9
129
19
1 090
71
1 161

149

775
1 890
16
1
4

384

9
79
3 307
–4
3 303

596
142
738

738

Total

155

864
1 846
22
2
1

1 459
–3
642
219
5 207
150
5 357

Total

183

775
1 890
16
1
4

1 301
–9
734
240
5 135
67
5 202

74  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
For the years ended 31 December, the reconciliation of fair value of pension plan assets using significant unobservable inputs 
were as follows:

2014 
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January
Realised/unrealised gains/losses:

Relating to assets still held at the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during the period

Purchases, issuances and settlements
Impact of foreign exchange movements
Closing balance as of 31 December

2015 
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January
Realised/unrealised gains/losses:

Relating to assets still held at the reporting date
Relating to assets sold during the period

Purchases, issuances and settlements
Impact of foreign exchange movements
Closing balance as of 31 December

Real estate
631

Other assets
132

5
14
–4
–8
139

13
–66
578

Real estate
578

Other assets
139

10

12
–4
596

–13
17
6
–7
142

Total
763

5
14
9
–74
717

Total
717

–3
17
18
–11
738

Expected contributions and estimated future benefit payments
The employer contributions expected to be made in 2016 to the defined benefit pension plans are USD 150 million and to the  
post-retirement benefit plan are USD 16 million.

As of 31 December 2015, the projected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, not adjusted for transfers in 
and for employees’ voluntary contributions, are as follows:

USD millions
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Years 2021–2025

Swiss plan
204
197
196
195
191
905

Foreign plans
61
65
67
70
72
385

Other benefits
16
16
17
18
19
104

Total
281
278
280
283
282
1394

Defined contribution pension plans
The Group sponsors a number of defined contribution plans to which employees and the Group make contributions. The 
accumulated balances are paid as a lump sum at the earlier of retirement, termination, disability or death. The amount expensed 
in 2014 and in 2015 was USD 73 million and USD 70 million, respectively.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  75

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

14  Share-based payments

Since 2012 compensation arrangements are part of Swiss Re Group arrangements. Compensation awards for the Group, 
including those granted prior to 2012, settle in shares of Swiss Re Ltd. Performance measures of the compensation awards are 
measured at the Swiss Re Group level. 

As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, the Group had the share-based compensation plans described below.

Total compensation cost for share-based compensation plans recognised in net income was USD 69 million and USD 56 million 
in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The related tax benefit was USD 15 million and USD 12 million, respectively.

Stock option plans
No options were granted under stock option plans from 2007 onwards. Options issued vest at the end of the fourth year and 
have a maximum life of ten years.

A summary of the activity of the Group’s stock option plans for the year ended 31 December 2015 is as follows:

Outstanding as of 1 January
Outstanding as of 31 December 
Exercisable as of 31 December 

Weighted average  
exercise price in CHF
84
82
82

Number of options
100 000
100 000
100 000

The weighted remaining contractual life is 0.3 years and all stock options outstanding are also exercisable. The fair value of each 
option grant was estimated on the date of grant using a binomial option-pricing model. The underlying strike price for the 
outstanding option series has been adjusted for the special dividend payout in 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Restricted shares
The Group granted 25 153 and 7 776 restricted shares to selected employees in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Moreover, as an 
alternative to the Group’s cash bonus programme, 302 260 and 288 125 shares were delivered during 2014 and 2015, 
respectively, which are not subject to forfeiture risk.

A summary of the movements in shares relating to outstanding awards granted under the restricted share plans for the year 
ended 31 December 2015 is as follows:

Non-vested at 1 January 
Granted
Delivery of restricted shares
Outstanding as of 31 December 

1  Equal to the market price of the shares on the date of grant.

Weighted average  
grant date fair value in CHF1
73
87
75
79

Number of shares
578 836
295 901
–343 719
531 018

76  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

 
Leadership Performance Plan 
The Leadership Performance Plan (LPP) awards are expected to be settled in shares, and the requisite service as well as the 
maximum contractual term are three years. For LPP 2014 and LPP 2015 awards an additional two-year holding period applies 
for all members of the Group EC and GMDs. At grant date the award is split equally into two underlying components - Restricted 
Share Units (RSUs) and Performance Share Units (PSUs). The RSUs are measured against a ROE performance condition and will 
vest within a range of 0–100%. The PSUs are based on relative total shareholder return, measured against a pre-defined group 
of peers and will vest within a range of 0–200%. The fair values of both components are measured separately, based on 
stochastic models.

The fair value assumptions included in the grant valuation are based on market estimates for dividends (and an additional special 
dividend of CHF 4.00 for the LPP 2013, a special dividend of CHF 4.15 for the LPP 2014, and a special dividend of CHF 3.00 for 
the LPP 2015 respectively) and the risk free rate based on the average of the 5-year US government bond rate taken monthly 
over each annual period in the performance period. This resulted in risk free rates between 1.0% and 3.1% for all LPP plans.

For the year ended 31 December 2015, the outstanding units were as follows:

RSUs
Non-vested at 1 January 
Granted
Forfeitures
Vested
Outstanding as of 31 December 
Grant date fair value in CHF

PSUs
Non-vested at 1 January 
Granted
Forfeitures
Vested
Outstanding as of 31 December 
Grant date fair value in CHF

LPP 2012
439 870

LPP 2013
334 650

LPP 2014
359 620

–1 610
–438 260
0
42.00

–4 790

–5 530

329 860
61.19

354 090
60.85

518 585

389 465

363 430

–1 900
–516 685
0
35.60

–5 585

–5 590

383 880
52.59

357 840
60.21

LPP 2015

327 875
–3 185

324 690
67.65

361 590
–3 510

358 080
61.37

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  77

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Unrecognised compensation costs
As of 31 December 2015, the total unrecognised compensation cost (net of forfeitures) related to non-vested, share-based 
compensation awards was USD 56 million and the weighted average period over which that cost is expected to be recognised  
is 1.8 years.

The number of shares authorised for the Group’s share-based payments to employees was 3 930 229 and 3 554 592 as of 
31 December 2014 and 2015, respectively. The Group’s policy is to ensure that sufficient treasury shares are available at all 
times to settle future share-based compensation plans.

Employee Participation Plan
The Employee Participation Plan consists of a savings scheme lasting two or three years. Employees combine regular savings 
with the purchase of either actual or tracking options. The Group contributes to the employee savings over the period of the plan.

At maturity, either the employee receives shares or cash equal to the accumulated savings balance, or the employee may elect to 
exercise the options.

From 2013 onwards, the Employee Participation Plan was discontinued and no more options were issued. In 2014 and 2015, 
the Group contributed USD 8 million and USD 1 million, respectively. 

Global Share Participation Plan 
In June 2013, the Swiss Re Group introduced the Global Share Participation Plan, which is a share purchase plan that 
was rolled out globally for the benefit of employees of companies within the Swiss Re Group. The Group makes a financial 
contribution to participants in the Plan, by matching the commitment that they make during the plan cycle with additional 
Swiss Re Ltd shares.

If the employee is still employed by the Group at the end of a plan cycle, the employee will receive an additional number of  
shares equal to 30% of the total number of purchased and dividend shares held at that time. In 2014 and 2015, the Group 
contributed USD 7 million and USD 9 million to the plans and authorised 109 461 and 211 472 shares as of 31 December 2014 
and 2015, respectively.

78  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

15  Related parties

The Group assumes and cedes certain re/insurance contracts from/to affiliated companies within the Swiss Re Group, but 
outside the Group. The Group also conducts various investing activities, including loans, funding agreements and derivatives, 
with affiliated companies in the Swiss Re Group. The Group enters into various financing activities where it borrows funds from 
affiliated companies in the Swiss Re Group. In addition, the Group enters into various arrangements with affiliated companies in 
the Swiss Re Group for the provision of services. These activities result in the following related party transactions on the income 
statement and balance sheet:

2014
USD millions
Premiums earned
Net investment income – non-participating business
Net realised investment income – non-participating business
Other revenues
Total revenues

Corporate Solutions
–158
40
–34
11
–141

Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Interest expenses
Total expenses

–32

27
462

457

2015
USD millions
Premiums earned
Net investment income – non-participating business
Net realised investment income – non-participating business
Other revenues
Total revenues

Corporate Solutions
57
35
–16
13
89

Claims and claim adjustment expenses
Life and health benefits
Return credited to policyholders
Acquisition costs
Other expenses
Interest expenses
Total expenses

204

–6
472

670

Admin Re®
272
14

19
305

–231
–2
20

–213

Admin Re®
244

11
255

–240
–2
–1
17

–226

Other
32
11
–63

–20

–16

–13
–145
–31
–205

Other

10
–78
1
–67

–199
–36
–235

Total
146
65
–97
30
144

–48
–231
12
337
–31
39

Total
301
45
–94
25
277

204
–240
–2
–7
290
–36
209

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  79

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

2014
USD millions
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans
Other invested assets
Accrued investment income
Premiums and other receivables
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
Funds held by ceding companies
Deferred acquisition costs
Other assets
Total assets

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Short-term debt
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities

2015
USD millions
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans
Other invested assets
Accrued investment income
Premiums and other receivables
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid claims and policy benefits
Funds held by ceding companies
Deferred acquisition costs
Other assets
Total assets

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Policyholder account balances
Unearned premiums
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Short-term debt
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities

Corporate Solutions

Admin Re®

32

115
486
1 337
4
232
2 206

5 835

153
1
222

14
6 225

24

1

3
28

6
–22

42
26

Corporate Solutions

Admin Re®

22

102
390
816
5
162
1 497

4 730

131
1
215

17
5 094

14

4
18

4
6
133

61
204

Other
1 902
29
4
11

7
6
1 959

31

18
1
6
3 802
1 632
5 490

Other
1 792
24
4

37
1 857

2 787
1 531
4 318

Total
1 902
61
4
150
486
1 338
11
241
4 193

5 872
–22
171
2
228
3 802
1 688
11 741

Total
1 792
46
4
116
390
816
5
203
3 372

4 734
6
133
131
1
215
2 787
1 609
9 616

Instrument
Issued in
Senior loan
2005
Senior loan
2008
2015
Senior loan
Total short-term debt as of 31 December 2015

Maturity
2028
2028
2016

Currency
GBP
GBP
USD

Nominal in millions
100
240
2 285

Interest rate
1 month LIBOR
4.98%
3 month LIBOR +0.30%

Book value in USD millions
147
355
2 285
2 787

80  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

As of 31 December 2014 and 2015, the Group’s investment in mortgages and other loans included USD 285 million and 
USD 287 million, respectively, of loans due from employees, and USD 210 million and USD 196 million, respectively, due from 
officers. These loans generally consist of mortgages offered at variable and fixed interest rates.

In November 2015, SRZ entered into a subordinated funding facility with its parent company Swiss Re Ltd under which SRZ has 
the right, among others, to issue subordinated notes to Swiss Re Ltd of up to USD 700 million at any time before August 2030. 
For its various rights, SRZ owes Swiss Re Ltd an unconditional fixed commitment fee, payable in annual installments calculated 
as 5.80% on the total facility amount. Annually, SRZ receives a partial reimbursement of the commitment fee equal to 2.22% per 
annum on the undrawn facility amount. As of 31 December 2015, the facility was undrawn.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  81

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

16  Commitments and contingent liabilities

Leasing commitments
As part of its normal business operations, the Group enters into a number of lease agreements. As of 31 December, such 
agreements, which are operating leases, total the following obligations for the next five years and thereafter:

USD millions
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
After 2020
Total operating lease commitments
Less minimum non-cancellable sublease rentals
Total net future minimum lease commitments

2015
87
81
64
47
42
257
578
30
548

The following schedule shows the composition of total rental expenses for all operating leases as of 31 December (except those 
with terms of a month or less that were not renewed):

USD millions
Minimum rentals
Sublease rental income
Total

2014
68
0
68

2015
62
0
62

Other commitments
As a participant in limited and other investment partnerships, the Group commits itself to making available certain amounts  
of investment funding, callable by the partnerships for periods of up to 10 years. The total commitments remaining uncalled  
as of  
31 December 2015 were USD 1 342 million.

The Group enters into a number of contracts in the ordinary course of reinsurance and financial services business which, if the 
Group’s credit rating and/or defined statutory measures decline to certain levels, would require the Group to post collateral or 
obtain guarantees. The contracts typically provide alternatives for recapture of the associated business.

Legal proceedings
In the normal course of business operations, the Group is involved in various claims, lawsuits and regulatory matters. In the 
opinion of management, the disposition of these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Group’s 
business, consolidated financial position or results of operations.

82  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

17  Variable interest entities

The Group enters into arrangements with variable interest entities (VIEs) in the normal course of business. The involvement 
ranges from being a passive investor to designing, structuring and managing the VIEs. The variable interests held by the Group 
arise as a result of the Group’s involvement in certain insurance-linked and credit-linked securitisations, swaps in trusts, debt 
financing and other entities which meet the definition of a VIE.

When analysing the status of an entity, the Group mainly assesses if (1) the equity is sufficient to finance the entity’s activities 
without additional subordinated financial support, (2) the equity holders have the right to make significant decisions affecting  
the entity’s operations and (3) the holders of the voting rights substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity. When 
one of these criteria is not met, the entity is considered a VIE and needs to be assessed for consolidation under the VIE section  
of the Consolidation Topic. 

The party that has a controlling financial interest is called the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. An enterprise is 
deemed to have a controlling financial interest if it has both of the following:
 ̤ the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and
 ̤ the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits  

from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Group assesses for all its variable interests in VIEs whether it has a controlling financial interest in these entities and, thus,  
is the primary beneficiary. For this, the Group identifies the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s performance  
and determines whether the Group has the power to direct those activities. In conducting the analysis, the Group considers the 
purpose, the design and the risks that the entity was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders. In a 
second step, the Group assesses if it has the obligation to absorb losses or if it has the right to receive benefits of the VIE that 
could potentially be significant to the entity. If both criteria are met, the Group has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and 
consolidates the entity.

Whenever facts and circumstances change, a review is undertaken of the impact these changes could have on the consolidation 
assessment previously performed. When the assessment might be impacted, a reassessment to determine the primary 
beneficiary is performed.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  83

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Insurance-linked and credit-linked securitisations
The insurance-linked and credit-linked securitisations transfer pre-existing insurance or credit risk to the capital markets through 
the issuance of insurance-linked or credit-linked securities. In insurance-linked securitisations, the securitisation vehicle assumes 
the insurance risk from a sponsor through insurance or derivative contracts. In credit-linked securitisations, the securitisation 
vehicle assumes the credit risk from a sponsor through credit default swaps. The securitisation vehicle generally retains the 
issuance proceeds as collateral. The collateral held predominantly consists of investment-grade securities.

Typically, the variable interests held by the Group arise through ownership of insurance-linked and credit-linked securities,in 
which case maximum loss equals to the Group’s investment balance. 

Generally, the activities of a securitisation vehicle are pre-determined at formation. There are substantially no ongoing activities 
during the life of the VIE that could significantly impact the economic performance of the vehicle. Consequently, the main focus 
to identify the primary beneficiary is on the activities performed and decisions made when the VIE was designed. 

Life and health funding vehicles
The Group participates in certain structured transactions that retrocede longevity and mortality risks to captive reinsurers with  
an aim to provide regulatory capital credit to a transaction sponsor through creation of funding notes by a funding vehicle which 
is generally considered a VIE. The Group’s participation in these transactions is generally limited to providing contingent funding 
support via a financial contract to a funding vehicle, which represents a potentially significant variable interest. The Group does 
not have power to direct activities of the funding vehicles and therefore is not a primary beneficiary of the funding vehicles in 
these transactions. The Group’s maximum exposure in these transactions equals either the total contract notional or funding 
notes issued by the vehicle, depending on the specific contractual arrangements. 

Swaps in trusts
The Group provides risk management services to certain asset securitisation trusts which qualify as VIEs. As the involvement of 
the Group is limited to interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives, it does not have power to direct any activities of the trusts 
and therefore does not qualify as primary beneficiary of any of these trusts. These activities are in run-off.

Debt financing vehicles
Debt financing vehicles issue preference shares or loan notes to provide the Group with funding. The Group is partially exposed 
to the asset risk by holding equity rights or by protecting some of the assets held by the VIEs via guarantees or derivative 
contracts. The assets held by the VIEs consist primarily of investment-grade securities, but also structured products, hedge fund 
units and derivatives. 

The Group consolidates a debt financing vehicle as it has power over the investment management in the vehicle, which is 
considered to be the activity that most significantly impacts the entities’ economic performance. In addition, the Group absorbs 
the variability of the investment return so that both criteria for a controlling financial interest are met. 

Investment vehicles
Investment vehicles are private equity limited partnerships, in which the Group is invested as part of its investment strategy. 
Typically, the Group’s variable interests arise through limited partner ownership interests in the vehicles. The Group does not own 
the general partners of the limited partnerships, and does not have any significant kick-out or participating rights. Therefore  
the Group lacks power over the relevant activities of the vehicles and, consequently, does not qualify as the primary beneficiary. 
The Group is exposed to losses when the values of the investments held by the vehicles decrease. The maximum exposure to 
loss equals the carrying amount of the ownership interest.

Other
The VIEs in this category were created for various purposes. Generally, the Group is exposed to the asset risk of the VIEs by 
holding an equity stake in the VIE or by guaranteeing a part or the entire asset value to third-party investors. 

The Group did not provide financial or other support to any VIEs during 2015 that it was not previously contractually required  
to provide.

84  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Consolidated VIEs
The following table shows the total assets and liabilities on the Group’s balance sheet relating to VIEs of which the Group is the 
primary beneficiary as of 31 December: 

USD millions
Fixed income securities available-for-sale
Short-term investments 
Other invested assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accrued investment income 
Premiums and other receivables
Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred tax assets
Other assets 
Total assets

Unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
Unearned premiums
Reinsurance balances payable
Deferred and other non-current tax liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 
Long-term debt 
Total liabilities

2014
Carrying value Whereof restricted
4 200
95

2015
Carrying value Whereof restricted
3 876
88

4 200
95
16
25
38

19
16
4 409

3 876
88
26
147
42
34
9
38
8
4 268

147
42
34
9
38

4 234

25
38

19

4 377

Carrying value

Whereof limited 
recourse

177
7
2 903
3 087

177
7
2 903
3 087

Carrying value
53
26
2
96
17
2 720
2 914

Whereof  
limited recourse
53
26
2
96
17
2 720
2 914

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  85

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Non-consolidated VIEs
The following table shows the total assets and liabilities in the Group’s balance sheet related to VIEs in which the Group held a 
variable interest but was not the primary beneficiary as of 31 December:

USD millions
Fixed income securities available-for-sale
Policy loans, mortgages and other loans 
Other invested assets
Total assets 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities

2014
69
84
880
1 033

167
167

2015
52
1
918
971

45
45

The following table shows the Group’s assets, liabilities and maximum exposure to loss related to VIEs in which the Group held a 
variable interest but was not the primary beneficiary as of 31 December:

USD millions
Insurance-linked/credit-
linked securitisations
Life and health funding 
vehicles
Swaps in trusts
Investment vehicles
Other
Total

Total assets

Total  
liabilities 

Maximum  
exposure  
to loss1

2014
Difference between 
exposure 
and liabilities

Total assets

Total  
liabilities

Maximum  
exposure  
to loss1

2015
Difference between  
exposure 
and liabilities

70

35
845
83
1 033

68

1 683
–2
845
883
–2

82

85
167

68

1 683
–
845
798
–

52

2
146
771

971

52

1 777
–2
773

–2

1
44

45

52

1 776
–
773

–

1Maximum exposure to loss is the loss the Group would absorb from a variable interest in a VIE in the event that all of the assets of the VIE are deemed worthless.
2The maximum exposure to loss for swaps in trusts cannot be meaningfully quantified due to their derivative character.

The assets and liabilities for the swaps in trusts represent the positive and negative fair values of the derivatives the Group has 
entered into with the trusts.

86  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

18  Restructuring provision

In 2015, the Group set up a provision of USD 12 million for restructuring costs, and released USD 2 million.

The increase of the provision in the Property & Casualty Reinsurance business segment of USD 11 million is mostly related to  
leaving benefits.

Changes in restructuring provisions are disclosed in the “Other expenses” line in the Group’s income statement.

For the years ended 31 December, restructuring provision developed as follows:

2014                                                                                                                                    
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January 
Increase in provision
Release of provision
Costs incurred
Effect of foreign currency translation
Balance as of 31 December

2015                                                                                                                                
USD millions
Balance as of 1 January 
Increase in provision
Release of provision
Costs incurred
Effect of foreign currency translation
Balance as of 31 December

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance
64
16
–3
–15
–5
57

Property & Casualty  
Reinsurance
57
11
–2
–28
–3
35

Other
0

0

Other
0
1

–1

0

Total
64
16
–3
–15
–5
57

Total
57
12
–2
–29
–3
35

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  87

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Report of the statutory auditor

Report of the statutory auditor 
to the General Meeting of 
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
Zurich

Report of the statutory auditor on the consolidated financial statements
As statutory auditor, we have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as of 31 December 2015, and the related 
consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of shareholder’s equity, statement of cash flow 
and notes (pages 2 to 87) for the year ended 31 December 2015.

Board of Directors’ responsibility
The Board of Directors is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the requirements of Swiss law. 
This responsibility includes designing, implementing, and maintaining an internal control system relevant to the preparation and 
fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. The 
Board of Directors is further responsible for selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies and making accounting 
estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances.

Auditor’s responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our 
audit in accordance with Swiss law, Swiss Auditing Standards and auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of 
America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the 
consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated 
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of 
material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, 
the auditor considers the internal control system relevant to the Company’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control system. An audit also includes evaluating the 
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made, as well as 
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position 
of the Company at 31 December 2015, the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in accordance 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and comply with Swiss law.

88  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Report on other legal requirements
We confirm that we meet the legal requirements on licensing according to the Auditor Oversight Act (AOA) and independence 
(article 728 CO and article 11 AOA) and that there are no circumstances incompatible with our independence.

In accordance with article 728a paragraph 1 item 3 CO and Swiss Auditing Standard 890, we confirm that an internal control 
system exists which has been designed for the preparation of consolidated financial statements according to the instructions of 
the Board of Directors.

We recommend that the consolidated financial statements submitted to you be approved.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd

Alex Finn 
Audit expert 
Auditor in charge

Bret Griffin 

Zurich, 15 March 2016 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  89

 
Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Annual Report 
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

The management report follows the regulations as outlined in article 961c of the Swiss Code of Obligations.

Reinsurance and sub-holding company
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (the Company), domiciled in Zurich, Switzerland, performs a dual role within the 
Swiss Re Group as both a reinsurance company and a sub-holding company for the Reinsurance Business Unit. The Company is 
a wholly-owned subsidiary of Swiss Re Ltd, the ultimate parent company, domiciled in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2015, the 
Company employed a worldwide staff at an average of 4 018 full time equivalents.

Financial year 2015

Net income for 2015 amounted to CHF 6 432 million, compared to CHF 1 666 million in the prior year. The financial year was 
impacted by an ongoing internal realignment of the legal entity structure of the Reinsurance Business Unit to strengthen its 
regional footprint. As a consequence, the Company sold its subsidiary European Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd and 
contributed its subsidiaries, Swiss Re America Holding Corporation and Swiss Re Europe Holdings S.A., to a newly established 
subsidiary Swiss Re Reinsurance Holding Company Ltd. The sale generated a one-off realised gain of CHF 6 383 million, which 
was partly offset by a value adjustment on the investment in Swiss Re America Holding Corporation of CHF 1 821 million prior to 
its contribution to Swiss Re Reinsurance Holding Company Ltd.

The Life & Health Reinsurance result improved from a loss in the prior year of CHF 390 million to a gain of CHF 481 million in 
2015. The improvement reflected primarily the gain from the recapture of pre-2004 US individual life business by Swiss Re 
Life & Health America Inc. The Property & Casualty Reinsurance result decreased from CHF 1 753 million to CHF 1 153 million in 
the current year, despite benign natural catastrophe losses in both years. The prior year benefited from reserve releases that 
were not repeated in 2015.

90  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

Reinsurance result
Reinsurance result amounted to CHF 1 634 million in 2015, compared to CHF 1 363 million in 2014.

Premiums earned increased from CHF 10 311 million in 2014 to CHF 12 568 million in 2015. Excluding the effect of foreign 
exchange movements, total premiums earned amounted to CHF 12 684 million in 2015.

Property and casualty premiums earned increased from CHF 6 793 million in 2014 to CHF 7 712 million in 2015. The increase 
was driven by renewed business previously written on Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation.

Life and health premiums earned increased from CHF 3 518 million in 2014 to CHF 4 856 million in 2015. Prior to the accounting 
policy change for life and health portfolio transfers in 2015, as disclosed in the significant accounting principles, the 
consideration for the assumption or release of the liability for life and health policy benefits was accounted as premiums written. 
Applying the new accounting policy in 2014, life and health premiums earned would have amounted to CHF 4 775 million.

Thus, the reported increase in the income statement resulted from non-recurring portfolio transfers in 2014, namely the novation 
of business to an affiliated company and management actions related to the pre-2004 US individual life business. This was partly 
offset by a portfolio entry related to a quota share increase of business assumed from an affiliated company.

Other reinsurance revenues of CHF 1 209 million included primarily the gain from the recapture of pre-2004 US individual life 
business by Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. and income from funds held by ceding companies related to life and health 
business.

Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses net and change in unpaid claims net increased from CHF 7 564 million in 2014 to 
CHF 9 442 million in 2015. Excluding the effect of foreign exchange movements, total claims paid and claim adjustment 
expenses net and change in unpaid claims net amounted to CHF 9 370 million in 2015.

Property and casualty claims paid and claim adjustment expenses net and change in unpaid claims net increased from 
CHF 3 166 million in 2014 to CHF 4 046 million in 2015, mainly driven by the renewed business previously written on Swiss Re 
America Corporation.

Life and health claims paid and claim adjustment expenses net and change in unpaid claims net increased by CHF 998 million to 
CHF 5 396 million in 2015. The increase was mainly driven by the recapture of pre-2004 US individual life business in 2015, 
reflecting a payable to Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. This impact was offset by the effect in life and health benefits net, due 
to the reserve release.

Positive life and health benefits net of CHF 1 647 million were driven by the reserve release related to the recapture of the 
pre-2004 US individual life business by Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. The prior year included the reserve release related to 
a novation of business to an affiliated company, partly offset by a non-recurring portfolio transfer, combined with higher volume 
retroceded from an affiliated company.

The Company further strengthened its reserves by increasing the equalisation provision by CHF 344 million.

Acquisition costs net increased from CHF 2 282 million to CHF 3 026 million in 2015, mainly related to volume increase of 
property and casualty business.

Investment result
Investment result amounted to CHF 5 833 million in 2015, compared to CHF 1 485 million in 2014.

The increase reflected the realised gain on the sale of the subsidiary European Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd of 
CHF 6 383 million.

In contrast, the year under review showed higher investment expenses, mostly driven by the value adjustment on the investment 
in Swiss Re America Holding Corporation of CHF 1 821 million and higher value adjustments on fixed income securities 
CHF 112 million.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  91

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Assets
Total assets increased by 3% to CHF 90 263 million as of 31 December 2015, compared to the prior year. Excluding the effect  
of foreign exchange movements, total assets amounted to CHF 92 782 million as of 31 December 2015.

Total investments increased by CHF 1 054 million to CHF 51 507 million as of 31 December 2015. The increase was mainly 
driven by the issuance of a loan to Swiss Re Reinsurance Holding Company Ltd of CHF 6 727 million, to fund the purchase  
of the subsidiary European Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd, partly offset by net repayments of intragroup loan assets of 
CHF 1 475 million. Thereof CHF 789 million was related to a cashless hybrid subordinated loan repayment against the current 
account payable with the same subsidiary. Further, investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies decreased net by 
CHF 2 054 million, mostly as a result of the value adjustment on the investment in Swiss Re America Holding Corporation of 
CHF 1 821 million prior to its contribution to Swiss Re Reinsurance Holding Company Ltd. In addition, the decrease in short-term 
investments was mainly related to the funding of the partial repayment of credit facility drawdowns of CHF 963 million from and 
the dividend payment in cash to its parent company Swiss Re Ltd.

Funds held by ceding companies decreased by CHF 1 383 million to CHF 13 639 million, mainly driven by the commutation of 
two large property and casualty treaties.

Reinsurance recoverable on technical provisions retroceded decreased from CHF 8 871 million to CHF 7 996 million. This was 
driven by lower retroceded property and casualty business from the Company’s branches in Japan and Australia as well as 
higher retained business as a result of the 2012 expiry of a large retrocession treaty.

The increase in other assets by CHF 3 464 million to CHF 5 715 million mainly reflected higher receivables from securities 
lending collateral and reverse repurchase transactions.

Liabilities
Total liabilities decreased by 1% to CHF 76 003 million as of 31 December 2015. Excluding the effect of foreign exchange 
movements, total liabilities amounted to CHF 79 084 million as of 31 December 2015. Technical provisions gross decreased by 
CHF 1 272 million to CHF 50 626 million as of 31 December 2015, mostly due to the strengthening of the Swiss francs against 
most major currencies, in particular Australian dollar, Great Britain pound and the Euro.

Excluding the foreign exchange movements, unpaid claims gross increased by CHF 853 million, mainly due to the acquisition  
of a casualty run-off portfolio in the United Kingdom and the renewed business previously written on Swiss Re America 
Corporation. This impact was partly offset by the commutation of a large treaty and favourable claims development in affiliated 
companies. Liabilities for life and health policy benefits gross decreased by CHF 1 735 million, mainly due to the reserve release 
related to the recapture of pre-2004 US individual life business by Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc.

In addition, the equalisation provision was increased by CHF 344 million in 2015.

The decrease in debt from CHF 5 127 million as of 31 December 2014 to CHF 3 888 million as of 31 December 2015 was driven 
by a partial repayment of credit facility drawdowns from the parent company of CHF 963 million.

Funds held under reinsurance treaties decreased by CHF 998 million, due to the strengthening of the Swiss francs against major 
currencies, in particular Canadian dollar. Excluding the effect of foreign exchange movement, funds held under reinsurance 
treaties decreased by CHF 353 million. This reflected mainly the novation of life and health business to an affiliated company.

Other liabilities increased net by CHF 2 123 million to CHF 5 369 million as of 31 December 2015, mainly based on higher 
intragroup payables under securities lending agreements and securities sold under agreement to repurchase. This was partly 
offset by a net decrease in an intragroup current account payable of CHF 649 million, mostly driven by the cashless hybrid 
subordinated loan repayment of CHF 789 million with the same intragroup company.

Shareholder’s equity
Shareholder’s equity increased from CHF 10 707 million as of 31 December 2014 to CHF 14 260 million as of 
31 December 2015.

The increase reflected the net income for the financial year 2015 of CHF 6 432 million, partly offset by the dividend payment in 
cash of CHF 2 879 million to its parent company Swiss Re Ltd.

92  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

Future prospects and business development

Structural changes
New legal entity structure in the Reinsurance Business Unit
Over the coming years, the Reinsurance Business Unit intends to continue to align its legal entity structure to its regional footprint 
and further strengthen its presence in Asia. As a further step and following the legal entity restructuring in 2015, European 
Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd will novate its European business to the Company effective as of 1 January 2016, resulting 
in a one-off increase in the Company‘s assets and liabilities of approximatively CHF 8 billion.

Transfer of employees and carve-out of Swiss Re Management Ltd
The Company established in 2015 the subsidiary Swiss Re Management Ltd. Swiss Re Management Ltd and its subsidiaries and 
branches serve as the employing company for Swiss Re’s Group Functions employees located in Switzerland, the United 
Kingdom, India, Slovakia and the United States. The Swiss Re Management Ltd group will be transferred to the parent company 
Swiss Re Ltd by way of distribution of an ordinary dividend in-kind for the financial year 2015.

The creation of Swiss Re Management Ltd and the establishment of a separate holding company structure for Swiss Re‘s Group 
Functions employees is part of Swiss Re‘s efforts to align its legal entity structure to the Swiss Re Group‘s operating model 
launched in 2012. It corresponds to best practice corporate governance and is intended to foster transparency and 
accountability.

Together with related assets and liabilities, Swiss Re’s Group Functions employees in Switzerland employed by the Company 
were transferred to Swiss Re Management Ltd and Corporate Solutions employees in Switzerland employed by the Company 
were transferred to Swiss Re Corporate Solutions Ltd. This change of employing legal entities was effective as of 1 January 2016 
and will not affect or alter the way Swiss Re conducts business or the way in which it operates with its clients.

Macroeconomic environment
The global economy is still expected to improve modestly in 2016 and 2017, with slightly higher growth in many regions, 
including the US, the UK and the Eurozone. Downside risks have increased along with market volatility. The main challenges  
are the tightening of monetary policy in the US, China’s transition from an investment- to a consumption-driven economy, low 
commodity prices and a plethora of political issues such as Middle East turmoil and associated refugee crisis, Ukraine and a 
possible Brexit. The biggest risks are a hard landing in China, followed by an emerging market crisis and a stagnation in Europe 
as a consequence of political paralysis.

Property and Casualty business
Market environment
The reinsurance industry experienced in 2015 a fourth year of solid underwriting results, which benefited from reserve releases 
and below average natural catastrophe losses. However, reinsurance prices in property have been softening since mid-2013 and 
this trend has recently spilled over into other lines of business. In general, rates in casualty have been more stable than in 
property. Premium growth in the non-life reinsurance sector is expected to weaken in 2016 and 2017.

Strategy and priorities
The Company is committed to deliver long-term profitability and economic growth, in spite of a continued challenging property 
and casualty environment. Growth aspirations are focused on selected areas, with dedicated strategic initiatives in place, such as 
high-growth markets, casualty, regional and national clients and transactional growth. Additionally, differentiation continues to 
be key, through financial strength, client interaction model and a knowledge company approach.

January renewals
Similarly to the past several years, the January renewals in 2016 were completed under soft market conditions, characterised  
by abundant capacity and continued price erosion on most lines of business, especially in property. The Company has 
accomplished significant successes locally, due to active differentiation in new business and completion of new large 
transactions.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  93

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Life and Health Business
Market environment
Premiums in traditional life reinsurance globally are expected to increase only marginally over the next two years. Life reinsurers 
are likely to continue to seek non-traditional or less-developed areas of growth. In the next few years, many primary insurers 
might look for solutions to manage the capital strain that the macroeconomic environment and changes in regulation will inflict, 
creating potential new opportunities for reinsurers. Additionally, life reinsurers are increasingly developing solutions to take 
longevity risk from primary firms with annuity business, and from private and public pension plans.

Strategy and priorities
The Company remains focused on profitable growth, notably through the development of its health business and its business in 
high-growth markets. Following the current market trends towards non-traditional products, the Company continues to develop 
tailor-made solutions while remaining focused on traditional mortality business.

Investments
Strategy and priorities
Financial investments are managed in accordance with Swiss Re‘s asset management policy and the Company‘s investment 
guidelines, which are intended to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. The general principle governing investment 
management in the Company is the creation of economic value on the basis of returns relative to the liability benchmark, while 
adhering to the investment guidelines and the general prudence principle. The liability benchmark is determined by 
approximating an investable benchmark from projected liability cash flows. A cash benchmark is used for the economic surplus.

Outlook
In terms of economic outlook, the Company‘s baseline assumptions remain for the moderate global growth environment to 
continue in 2016, led by the US economy. The cyclical Eurozone recovery is also expected to carry on, but remain modest and 
uneven. Meanwhile, growth in China is set to slow further in 2016 amid the country‘s difficult transition to a more consumer-
driven economy.

Regarding the investment outlook for 2016, government bond yields are forecast to rise moderately. The preference remains for 
high-quality corporate credit, while maintaining a neutral outlook for equities in the longer-term. Due to the various downside 
risks, asset price volatility is expected to be elevated in 2016.

94  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

Risk assessment

The bodies and committees mentioned below belong to the Swiss Re Group as the identification, assessment and control of risk 
exposures of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd on a stand-alone basis is integrated in and covered by the Group risk management 
organisation and processes of the Swiss Re Group.

The Board of Directors of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd is responsible for the company‘s overall risk tolerance. In this role they 
are advised by the Board of Directors of the Swiss Re Group, which is ultimately responsible for the Group’s governance 
principles and policies, including approval of the Group’s overall risk tolerance. It mainly performs risk oversight and governance 
through three committees:
 ̤ The Finance and Risk Committee defines the Group Risk Policy and reviews risk capacity limits, monitors adherence to risk 

tolerance, and reviews top risk issues and exposures.

 ̤ The Investment Committee reviews the financial risk analysis methodology and valuation related to each asset class and 

ensures that the relevant management processes and controlling mechanisms are in place.

 ̤ The Audit Committee oversees internal controls and compliance procedures.

The Group Executive Committee (Group EC) is responsible for developing and implementing Swiss Re’s Group-wide risk 
management framework. It also sets and monitors risk capacity limits, oversees the Economic Value Management framework, 
determines product policy and underwriting standards, and manages regulatory interactions and legal obligations. The Group EC 
has delegated various risk management responsibilities to the Group Chief Risk Officer (CRO) as well as to the Business Units.

The Group CRO, who is a member of the Group EC, reports directly to the Group CEO, and advises the Group EC, the Chairman or 
the respective Group Board Committees, in particular the Finance and Risk Committee, on significant matters arising in their area 
of responsibility. The Group CRO leads the Group Risk Management function, which is responsible for risk oversight and control 
across Swiss Re. The Group Risk Management function is comprised of central risk management units providing shared services, 
along with dedicated teams for the Reinsurance, Corporate Solutions, and Admin Re® (Life Capital since 1 January 2016) 
Business Units.

The three Business Unit risk teams are led by dedicated Chief Risk Officers, who report directly to the Group CRO and have a 
secondary reporting line to their respective Business Unit CEO. The Business Unit CROs are responsible for risk oversight in their 
respective Business Unit, as well as for establishing proper risk governance to ensure efficient risk identification, assessment and 
control. They are supported by functional, regional and legal entity CROs, who are responsible for overseeing risk management 
issues that arise in their respective areas.

While the risk management organisation is closely aligned to the business organisation in order to ensure effective risk oversight, 
all embedded teams and CROs remain part of the Group Risk Management function under the Group CRO. This ensures their 
independence as well as a consistent Group-wide approach to overseeing and controlling risks. The central risk management 
units support the CROs at Group, Business Unit and lower levels in discharging their oversight responsibilities. They do so by 
providing services such as:
 ̤ Financial risk management
 ̤ Specialised risk category expertise and accumulation control
 ̤ Risk modelling and analytics
 ̤ Regulatory relations management
 ̤ Maintaining the central risk governance framework

The central risk management units also oversee Group liquidity and capital adequacy and maintain the Group frameworks for 
controlling these risks throughout Swiss Re.

Group Risk Management is also in charge of actuarial reserving and monitoring of the reserve holdings of the 
Corporate Solutions and Admin Re® Business Units, whereas in Reinsurance the setting of the reserves is performed by valuation 
actuaries within the P&C and L&H Business Management units.

Risk management activities are supported by the Group Internal Audit and Compliance units. Group Internal Audit performs 
independent, objective assessments of adequacy and effectiveness of internal control systems. It evaluates the execution of 
processes, including those within Risk Management. The Compliance function oversees Swiss Re’s compliance with applicable 
laws, regulations, rules and the Group’s Code of Conduct. In addition, it assists the Board of Directors, the Group EC and 
management in identifying, mitigating and managing compliance risks.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  95

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Income statement  
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

For the years ended 31 December

Income statement

CHF millions
Reinsurance
   Premiums written gross
   Premiums written retroceded
Premiums written net
   Change in unearned premiums gross
   Change in unearned premiums retroceded
Change in unearned premiums net
Premiums earned
Other reinsurance revenues
Allocated investment return
Total revenues from reinsurance business

   Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses gross
   Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses retroceded
Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses net
   Change in unpaid claims gross
   Change in unpaid claims retroceded
Change in unpaid claims net
   Life and health benefits gross
   Life and health benefits retroceded
Life and health benefits net
Claims and claim adjustment expenses and life and health benefits
Change in equalisation provision
Claims incurred

   Acquisition costs gross
   Acquisition costs retroceded
Acquisition costs net
Operating costs
Acquisition and operating costs
Other reinsurance expenses
Total expenses from reinsurance business

Note

2014

2015

15 608
–4 675
10 933
–288
–334
–622
10 311
923
387
11 621

–10 252
2 939
–7 313
–145
–106
–251
1 200
93
1 293
–6 271
–400
–6 671

–3 577
1 295
–2 282
–753
–3 035
–552
–10 258

17 448
–4 403
13 045
–518
41
–477
12 568
1 209
324
14 101

–11 244
2 825
–8 419
–475
–548
–1 023
1 515
132
1 647
–7 795
–344
–8 139

–4 350
1 324
–3 026
–847
–3 873
–455
–12 467

Reinsurance result

1 363

1 634

96  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

 
CHF millions
Investments
Investment income
Investment expenses
Allocated investment return
Investment result

Other financial income and expenses
Other financial income
Other financial expenses

Operating result

Interest expenses on debt and subordinated liabilities

Other income and expenses
Other income
Other expenses

Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income

Note
2

2014

2015

2 306
–434
–387
1 485

500
–1 093

8 575
–2 418
–324
5 833

456
–1 065

2 255

6 858

–78

–88

168
–275

2 070
–404
1 666

93
–348

6 515
–83
6 432

The accompanying notes are an integral part of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd’s financial statements.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  97

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Balance sheet  
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

As of 31 December

Assets

CHF millions
Investments
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Fixed income securities
Loans
Mortgages 
Equity securities
   Shares in investment funds
   Short-term investments
   Alternative investments
Other investments
Total investments

Financial and reinsurance assets
Assets in derivative financial instruments
Funds held by ceding companies
Cash and cash equivalents
   Reinsurance recoverable from unpaid claims 
   Reinsurance recoverable from liabilities for life and health policy benefits
   Reinsurance recoverable from unearned premiums
   Reinsurance recoverable from provisions for profit commissions 
Reinsurance recoverable on technical provisions retroceded
Tangible assets
Deferred acquisition costs
Intangible assets
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance
Other receivables
Other assets
Accrued income
Total financial and reinsurance assets

Note

2014

2015

15 388
16 859
6 610
794
672
3 942
4 857
1 331
10 130
50 453

251
15 022
2 172
5 258
1 253
2 310
50
8 871
59
842
65
6 847
649
2 251
366
37 395

13 334
17 031
11 764
806
590
4 786
2 625
571
7 982
51 507

276
13 639
1 917
4 446
1 202
2 300
48
7 996
61
1 287
79
7 320
232
5 715
234
38 756

3
3
3
3

3

3

Total assets 

87 848

90 263

The accompanying notes are an integral part of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd’s financial statements.

98  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

 
Liabilities and shareholder’s equity

CHF millions
Liabilities
Technical provisions gross
Unpaid claims
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Provisions for profit commissions
Equalisation provision
Total technical provisions gross

Non-technical provisions
Tax provisions
Provision for currency fluctuation
Other provisions
Total non-technical provisions

Debt
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Other liabilities
Accrued expenses
Subordinated liabilities

Total liabilities

Shareholder’s equity
Share capital
   Legal reserves from capital contributions
Legal capital reserves
Legal profit reserves
Voluntary profit reserves
Retained earnings brought forward
Net income for the financial year
Total shareholder’s equity

Note

2014

2015

3
3
3
3
3

3

4

31 592
13 228
5 621
257
1 200
51 898

337
821
444
1 602

5 127
552
5 634
2 948
3 246
214
5 920

31 365
11 493
5 986
238
1 544
50 626

46
921
486
1 453

3 888
588
4 636
3 532
5 369
202
5 709

77 141

76 003

34
8 057
8 057
650
272
28
1 666
10 707

34
6 778
6 778
650
272
94
6 432
14 260

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

87 848

90 263

The accompanying notes are an integral part of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd’s financial statements.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  99

 
Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Notes 
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Reinsurance and sub-holding company
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (the Company), domiciled in Zurich, Switzerland, performs a dual role within the Swiss Re 
Group as both a reinsurance company and a sub-holding company for the Reinsurance Business Unit. The Company is a 
wholly-owned subsidiary of Swiss Re Ltd, the ultimate parent company domiciled in Zurich, Switzerland.

1  Significant accounting principles

Basis of presentation
On 1 January 2013, the new Swiss accounting and financial reporting legislation entered into force based on partial revisions of 
the Swiss Code of Obligations (SCO), which required implementation in 2015. Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd adopted the 
new regulation for the financial statements 2015 and chose to adapt the presentation of the 2014 financial statements to be 
comparable with 2015.

The Company is a reinsurance company and has, based on Art. 111b of the Ordinance on the supervision of private insurance 
companies (AVO), also to follow the Insurance Supervisory Ordinance-FINMA (AVO-FINMA), that took effect 
15 December 2015. This AVO-FINMA contains specific guidance for presentation of the balance sheet, the income statement 
and the notes of insurance companies and overrides the general guidance of the SCO.

With the first time application of the new regulation set in the SCO as well as in the AVO-FINMA, some of the prior year‘s 
information were amended in order to have the same sorting order for comparison reasons. Although the structure and some 
positions were amended, there was no restatement of prior year figures and as such the net income as well as the total 
shareholder‘s equity remained unchanged.

Time period
The 2015 financial year comprises the accounting period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015.

Use of estimates in the preparation of annual accounts
The preparation of the annual accounts requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses as well as the related disclosures. Actual results could differ 
significantly from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into Swiss francs at year-end exchange rates with the 
exception of participations, which are maintained in Swiss francs at historical exchange rates. Income and expenses in foreign 
currencies are converted into Swiss francs at average exchange rates for the reporting year.

Investments
The following assets are carried at cost, less necessary and legally permissible depreciation:
 ̤ Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
 ̤ Fixed income securities (other than zero-coupon bonds)
 ̤ Equity securities
 ̤ Shares in investment funds
 ̤ Alternative investments

Subsequent recoveries of previously recorded downward value adjustments may be recognised up to the lower of cost or market 
value at the balance sheet date. The valuation rules prescribed by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA are 
observed.

100  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

The Company‘s investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies are summarised as a group for valuation purposes, when a 
close business link exists and a similarity in nature is given.

Zero-coupon bonds reported under fixed income securities are measured at their amortised cost values.

Loans and mortgages are carried at nominal value. Value adjustments are recorded where the expected recovery value is lower 
than the nominal value.

Short-term investments contain investments with an original duration between three months and one year. Such investments are 
generally held until maturity and are maintained at their amortised cost values.

Assets in derivative financial instruments
Assets in derivative financial instruments include reinsurance contracts or features embedded in reinsurance contracts that fulfil 
the characteristics of derivative financial instruments and are accounted based on the lower of cost or market principle.

Funds held by ceding companies
Funds held by ceding companies consist mainly of assets that belong to the Company but are withheld by the cedant due to 
regulatory or legal requirements, or to retain control over investments and reduce a potential credit risk. Assets are initially 
measured based on the consideration received. Subsequently the funds held by ceding companies are measured at the 
consideration received or market value of the underlying assets.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank, short-term deposits and certain investments in money-market funds with an 
original maturity of three months or less. Such current assets are held at nominal value.

Reinsurance recoverable on technical provisions retroceded
Reinsurance recoverable on technical provisions represents the retroceded part of the technical provisions. The respective 
accounting principle per technical provision category is described further under ”Technical provisions gross”.

Tangible assets
Tangible assets are carried at cost, less individually scheduled straight-line depreciation over their useful lives. Items of minor 
value are not capitalised.

Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred acquisition costs consist principally of commissions and are related to the generation of new reinsurance business. 
Property and casualty deferred acquisition costs are generally amortised in proportion to premiums earned. Life and health 
deferred acquisition costs will run-off on a prudent basis, typically linearly in a shorter term than the liabilities. The amortisation 
schedule can also be determined to be in line with the expected profits of the business, so no statutory profits are shown until the 
deferred acquisition costs are fully amortised.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets, consisting of capitalised development costs for software for internal use, are measured at cost less straight-line 
amortisation over the estimated useful life of software.

Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance are carried at nominal value after deduction of known credit risks if applicable. 
The position mainly consists of receivables from insurance companies and brokers.

Other assets
Other assets include deferred expenses on retroactive reinsurance policies, which are amortised through earnings over the 
expected claims-paying period, as well as rights in connection with securities lending collateral and reverse repurchase 
transactions, which are carried at nominal value.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  101

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Technical provisions gross
Unpaid claims are recognised based on information provided by clients and own estimates of expected claims experience, 
which are drawn from empirical statistics. These include provisions for claims incurred but not reported. Unpaid insurance 
obligations are set aside at the full expected amount of future payment.

Liabilities for life and health policy benefits are determined on the basis of actuarially calculated present values taking experience 
into account. For business written directly by the Company, or via a branch of the Company, liabilities are based on gross 
premium valuation or the cedant-reported information. Reference is made to cedant-reported information given the importance 
of deposit reserves in Europe. If the data the Company receives is sufficiently granular, however, a prospective gross premium 
valuation approach can also be adopted using assumptions based on estimates of own experience drawn from internal studies. 
With respect to the business ceded by the Company’s subsidiaries, a prospective gross premium valuation is applied. The 
method is prospective as it takes into account expected future cash flows inherent in the reinsurance contract from the valuation 
date until expiry of the contract obligations. The assumptions used in the valuation are based on estimates on experience studies. 
Cash flows include primarily premiums, claims, commissions and expenses, with margins added for prudence to reflect the 
uncertainties of the underlying best estimates. The gross premium valuation approach could result in a negative liability 
provision, which is typically set to zero at the reinsurance treaty level, with the exception of a prudent allowance for deferred 
acquisition costs on financing treaties.

Modified coinsurance arrangements are treated on a gross basis with the separate recognition of the funds withheld, as well as 
the liabilities for life and health policy benefits.

Premiums written relating to future periods are stated as unearned premiums and are normally calculated by statistical methods. 
The accrual of commissions is determined proportionally and is reported under “Deferred acquisition costs”.

Provisions for profit commissions are based on contractual agreements with clients and depend on the results of reinsurance 
treaties.

The equalisation provision for property and casualty business is established to achieve a protection of the balance sheet and to 
break peaks of incurred claims in individual financial years with an exceptionally high claims burden by releasing appropriate 
amounts from the provision.

The shares of technical provisions pertaining to retroceded business are determined or estimated according to the contractual 
agreement and the underlying gross business data per treaty.

Liabilities and consideration in connection with portfolio transfers are established through the respective lines in the income 
statement. Outstanding claims and liabilities are recorded as change in unpaid claims and life and health benefits, with the 
consideration being recognised as claims paid. The impact on unearned premiums is established through the change in 
unearned premiums, with the respective consideration accounted as premiums written. Any profit or loss on the portfolio 
transfer is reflected in other reinsurance revenues or other reinsurance expenses, respectively.

For property and casualty transfers of retroactive treaties, the initial set up of assets and liabilities is accounted as a balance 
sheet transaction.

Non-technical provisions
The provision for currency fluctuation comprises the net effect of foreign exchange gains and losses arising from the yearly 
revaluation of the opening balance sheet and the translation adjustment of the income statement from average to closing 
exchange rates at year-end. These net impacts are recognised in the income statement over a time period of up to nine years, 
based on the average duration of the technical provisions. Where the provision for currency fluctuation is insufficient to absorb 
net foreign exchange losses for the financial year, the provision for currency fluctuation is reduced to zero and the excess foreign 
exchange loss is recognised in the income statement.

Other provisions are determined according to business principles and are based on estimated needs and the tax provision in 
accordance with tax regulations.

102  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

Debt
Debt is held at redemption value.

Liabilities from derivative financial instruments
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments are generally maintained at the highest commitment amount as per a balance 
sheet date during the life of the underlying contracts. Premiums received in respect of derivative financial instruments are 
generally not realised until expiration or settlement of the contract and are deferred respectively.

Included in this position are reinsurance contracts or features embedded in reinsurance contracts that fulfil the characteristics of 
derivative financial instruments. For such contracts, premiums received may be recognised as income prior to contract expiration 
or settlement, in cases where the recorded commitment has already reached the maximum liability amount potentially payable 
under the terms of the respective contracts. Decreases in the liability amounts prior to expiration or settlement are only 
recognised as income for contracts for which hedging instruments are in place.

Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Funds held under reinsurance treaties mainly contain cash deposits withheld from retrocessionaires, which are stated at 
redemption value. 

Reinsurance balances payable
Reinsurance balances payable are held at redemption value. The position mainly consists of payables to insurance companies 
and brokers.

Other liabilities
Other liabilities include rights in connection with repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, which are held at 
redemption value.

Subordinated liabilities
Subordinated liabilities are held at redemption values.

Deposit arrangements
Contracts which do not meet risk transfer requirements, defined as transferring a reasonable probability of a significant loss to 
the reinsurer, are accounted as deposit arrangements. Deposit amounts are adjusted for payments received and made, as well as 
for amortisation or accretion of interest.

Allocated investment return
The allocated investment return contains the calculated interest generated on the investments covering the technical provisions. 
The interest rate reflects the currency-weighted, five-year average yield on five-year government bonds.

Management expenses
Overall management expenses are allocated to the reinsurance business, the investment business and to other expenses on an 
imputed basis.

Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses
Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the income statement and 
reported net in other expenses or other income, respectively.

Capital and indirect taxes
Capital and indirect taxes related to the financial year are included in other expenses. Value-added taxes are included in the 
respective expense lines in the income statement.

Income tax expense
The income tax expense relates to the financial year under report.

Change in accounting policy
The Company revised its accounting policy for the presentation of the income statement in connection with life and health 
portfolio transfers. In previous years, the consideration for life and health policy benefits was accounted as premiums written.  
As of 1 January 2015, the consideration is accounted as claims paid. Any profit or loss on the portfolio transfer is reflected in 
other reinsurance revenues or other reinsurance expenses, respectively.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  103

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

2  Investment result

CHF millions
Investment income
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Fixed income securities
Loans 
Mortgages
Equity securities
   Shares in investment funds
   Short-term investments
   Alternative investments
Other investments
Income from investment services
Investment income

CHF millions
Investment expenses
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Fixed income securities
Loans 
Equity securities
   Shares in investment funds
   Short-term investments
   Alternative investments
Other investments
Investment management expenses
Investment expenses

Allocated investment return
Investment result

Income

21
656
125
7
19
192
43
132
367
108
1 303

Value 
readjustments

Realised 
gains

1
112
 –
 –
9
35
 –
19
54
 –
176

6 383
224
 –
 –
107
64
4
314
382
 –
7 096

Expenses

Value 
adjustments

Realised 
losses

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
–156
–156

–1 821
–189
–8
–30
–36
 –
–28
–64
 –
–2 112

 –
–55
 –
–59
 –
–1
–35
–36
 –
–150

2015 
Total

6 405
992
125
7
135
291
47
465
803
108
8 575

2015 
Total

–1 821
–244
–8
–89
–36
–1
–63
–100
–156
–2 418

–324
5 833

104  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

CHF millions
Investment income
Real Estate
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Fixed income securities
Loans 
Mortgages
Equity securities
   Shares in investment funds
   Short-term investments
   Alternative investments
Other investments
Income from investment services
Investment income

CHF millions
Investment expenses
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies
Fixed income securities
Loans 
Equity securities
   Shares in investment funds
   Short-term investments
   Alternative investments
Other investments
Investment management expenses
Investment expenses

Allocated investment return
Investment result

Income

0
319
702
117
10
36
4
43
172
219
103
1 506

Value 
readjustments

Realised 
gains

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –

0
1
178
 –
 –
331
150
2
138
290
 –
800

Expenses

Value 
adjustments

Realised 
losses

 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
–170
–170

–5
–76
–2
–26
 –
 –
–57
–57
 –
–166

–1
–57
 –
–37
–1
–2
0
–3
 –
–98

2014 
Total

0
320
880
117
10
367
154
45
310
509
103
2 306

2014 
Total

–6
–133
–2
–63
–1
–2
–57
–60
–170
–434

–387
1 485

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  105

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

3  Assets and liabilities from reinsurance

CHF millions
Deferred acquisition costs
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance
Deferred expenses on retroactive reinsurance policies2
Unpaid claims
Liabilities for life and health policy benefits
Unearned premiums
Provisions for profit commissions
Equalisation provision
Reinsurance balances payable

Gross
1 547
6 446
4
31 592
13 228
5 621
257
1 200
1 820

Retro
–705
401
–30
–5 2581
–1 2531
–2 3101
–501
 –
1 128

2014
Net
842
6 847
–26
26 334
11 975
3 311
207
1 200
2 948

Gross
2 044
6 713
331
31 365
11 493
5 986
238
1 544
1 876

Retro
–757
607
–26
–4 4461
–1 2021
–2 3001
–481
–
1 656

2015
Net
1 287
7 320
305
26 919
10 291
3 686
190
1 544
3 532

1  Reported under "Reinsurance recoverable on technical provisions retroceded" on page 98.
2  Reported under "Other assets" on page 98.

4  Change in shareholder’s equity

CHF millions
Shareholder’s equity 1.1.2014
Allocations relating to the dividend paid
Dividend for the financial year 2013
Net income for the financial year
Shareholder’s equity 31.12.2014

Shareholder’s equity 1.1.2015
Allocations relating to the dividend paid
Dividend for the financial year 2014
Net income for the financial year
Shareholder’s equity 31.12.2015

Share 
capital
34

Legal capital 
reserves
8 057

Legal profit 
reserves
650

Voluntary profit 
reserves
928
2 100
–2 756

Retained earnings 
brought forward
37
–9

Net income for 
the financial year
2 091
–2 091

34

34

8 057

8 057
–1 279

650

650

272

272
2 879
–2 879

34

6 778

650

272

28

28
66

94

1 666
1 666

1 666
–1 666

6 432
6 432

Total shareholder’s 
equity
11 797
–
–2 756
1 666
10 707

10 707
–
–2 879
6 432
14 260

5  Share capital and major shareholder

The share capital of the Company amounted to CHF 34 million. It is divided into 344 052 565 registered shares, each with a 
nominal value of CHF 0.10. The shares were fully paid-in and held directly by Swiss Re Ltd. As of 31 December 2015 and 2014, 
the Company was a fully owned subsidiary of Swiss Re Ltd.

6  Contingent liabilities

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd has issued a number of guarantees to several of its subsidiaries and affiliated companies in 
support of their business activities by securing either their overall capital positions or specific transactions. These guarantees  
are generally not limited by a nominal amount but rather by the exposure of the underlying business.

In addition, as a component of the Swiss Re Group’s financing structure, the Company has guaranteed CHF 1 000 million 
(2014: CHF 896 million) of debt issued by certain affiliated companies and letter of credit facilities benefiting various  
subsidiaries and affiliated companies of which no amount was utilised as of 31 December 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In the context with the establishment of a new real estate subsidiary of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd in 2013 and hence 
following the Merger Act article 75 the Company remains liable for claims arising before this transaction for a period of three 
years by a joint-and-several liability with a subsidiary, unless waived by the counterparties.

106  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

7  Securities lending and repurchase agreements

To enhance the performance of its investment portfolio, the Company enters into securities lending and repurchase transactions. 
In the context of such transactions, securities are transferred to the counterparty.

Further, the Company performs the role of the collateral clearer for the Swiss Re Group, centrally managing collateral for the 
Swiss Re Group, providing funding diversification, enabling secured cash investment and yield enhancement. As such the 
Company acts as principal in collateral transactions, borrowing securities from its affiliated companies and entering into lending 
and borrowing as well as repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements with third parties. As a matter of policy, the Company 
requires that collateral, consisting of cash or securities, is provided to cover the assumed counterparty risk associated with such 
transactions.

An overview of the fair value of securities transferred under securities lending and repurchase agreements is provided in the 
following table as of 31 December:

CHF millions
Fair value of securities transferred to third parties
Fair value of securities transferred to affiliated companies
Total

8  Security deposits

2014
16 851
18 112
34 963

2015
15 887
18 155
34 042

To secure the technical provisions at the 2015 balance sheet date, securities with a book value of CHF 13 017 million 
(2014: CHF 14 048 million) were deposited in favour of ceding companies, of which CHF 4 584 million 
(2014: CHF 4 603 million) referred to affiliated companies.

9  Commitments

As a participant in limited investment partnerships, the Company commits itself to making available certain amounts of 
investment funding, callable by the partnerships in general for periods of up to 10 years. As of 31 December 2015, total 
commitments remaining uncalled were CHF 885 million (2014: CHF 1 313 million).

In November 2015, the Company entered into a subordinated funding facility with its parent company Swiss Re Ltd under which 
the Company has the right, among others, to issue subordinated notes to Swiss Re Ltd of up to USD 700 million at any time 
before August 2030. For its various rights, the Company owes Swiss Re Ltd an unconditional fixed commitment fee, payable in 
annual instalments calculated as 5.80% on the total facility amount. Annually, the Company receives a partial reimbursement of 
the commitment fee equal to 2.22% per annum on the undrawn facility amount. As of 31 December 2015, the facility was 
undrawn.

10  Leasing contracts

Total off-balance-sheet commitments from operating leases for the next five years and there after are as follows:

CHF millions
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
After 2020
Total operating leases, net

2014
25
23
19
15
9
13
104

2015
 –
24
20
16
9
17
86

These operating lease commitments pertain to the non-cancellable contract periods and refer primarily to office and apartment 
space rented by the Company. In addition, a financial lease of IT hardware with a net book value of CHF 4 million was recognised 
on the Company‘s 2014 balance sheet, which was fully repaid in 2015.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  107

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

11  Investments in subsidiaries and affiliated companies

As of 31 December 2015 and 2014, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd held the following direct and material indirect investments 
in subsidiaries and affiliated companies:

As of 31 December 2015
Elips Life AG
European Finance Reinsurance Company Ltd
Gasper Funding Corporation
SCP de Milo S.à.r.l.
Swiss Brokers México, Intermediario de Reaseguro, S.A. de C.V.
Swiss Re Australia Ltd
    Swiss Re Life & Health Australia Limited
Swiss Re Brasil Resseguros S.A.
Swiss Re GB Limited
    Swiss Re Services Limited
Swiss Re Investments Ltd
Swiss Re Life and Health Africa Limited
Swiss Re Management Ltd
Swiss Re Private Equity Partners SGP Limited
Swiss Re Reinsurance Holding Company Ltd
    European Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd
    Swiss Re America Holding Corporation
       Swiss Re Capital Markets Corporation
       Swiss Re Financial Products Corporation
       Swiss Re Life & Health America Holding Company
       Swiss Re Treasury (US) Corporation
       Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation
    Swiss Re Europe Holdings S.A.
       Swiss Re Europe S.A.
          Swiss Re Germany AG
       Swiss Re Treasury (Belgium) N.V.
Swiss Re Services India Private Ltd
Swiss Re Shared Services (India) Private Ltd
Swiss Re Treasury (UK) Plc
Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation 
        - Escritório de Representação no Brasil Ltda
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
        - Escritório de Representação no Brasil Ltda
Swiss Re Finance Limited
Vietnam National Reinsurance Corporation

Country
Liechtenstein
Barbados
Barbados
Luxembourg
Mexico
Australia
Australia
Brazil
United Kingdom (UK)
United Kingdom (UK)
Switzerland
South Africa
Switzerland
Cayman Islands
Switzerland
Switzerland
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Germany
Belgium
India
India
United Kingdom (UK)

City
Triesen
Bridgetown
Bridgetown
Luxembourg
Mexico City
Sydney
Sydney
São Paulo
London
London
Zurich
Cape Town
Adliswil
George Town
Zurich
Zurich
Wilmington
New York
Wilmington
Wilmington
Wilmington
Armonk
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Munich
Brussels
Mumbai
Bangalore
London

% 
Equity interest
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
94%
100%
100%
100%
100%

% 
Voting interest
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
94%
100%
100%
100%
100%

Brazil

São Paulo

Brazil
Cayman Islands
Vietnam

São Paulo
George Town
Hanoi

20%

93%
65%
25%

20%

93%
100%
25%

108  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

As of 31 December 2014
Eastern Foreshore Investments Limited
Elips Life AG
European Finance Reinsurance Company Ltd
Gasper Funding Corporation
SCP de Milo S.à.r.l.
Swiss Brokers México, Intermediario de Reaseguro, S.A. de C.V.
Swiss Re Australia Ltd
    Swiss Re Life & Health Australia Limited
Swiss Re Brasil Resseguros S.A.
Swiss Re GB Limited
    Swiss Re Services Limited
Swiss Re Investments Ltd
Swiss Re Life and Health Africa Limited
Swiss Re Private Equity Partners SGP Limited
European Reinsurance Company of Zurich Ltd
Swiss Re America Holding Corporation
    Swiss Re Capital Markets Corporation
    Swiss Re Financial Products Corporation
    Swiss Re Life & Health America Holding Company
    Swiss Re Treasury (US) Corporation
    Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation
Swiss Re Europe Holdings S.A.
    Swiss Re Europe S.A.
           Swiss Re Germany AG
    Swiss Re Treasury (Belgium) N.V.
Swiss Re Services India Private Ltd
Swiss Re Shared Services (India) Private Ltd
Swiss Re Treasury (UK) Plc
Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation 
        - Escritório de Representação no Brasil Ltda
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
        - Escritório de Representação no Brasil Ltda
Swiss Re Finance Limited
Vietnam National Reinsurance Corporation
Swiss Re Holdings (Canada) Inc.
Swiss Re Serviços de Consultoria em Seguros e Resseguros Ltda
Beijing Prestige Health Consulting Services Company Limited
"Auf Walthersburg" Aarau

Country
South Africa
Liechtenstein
Barbados
Barbados
Luxembourg
Mexico
Australia
Australia
Brazil
United Kingdom (UK)
United Kingdom (UK)
Switzerland
South Africa
Cayman Islands
Switzerland
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
United States (USA)
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Germany
Belgium
India
India
United Kingdom (UK)

City
Cape Town
Triesen
Bridgetown
Bridgetown
Luxembourg
Mexico City
Sydney
Sydney
São Paulo
London
London
Zurich
Cape Town
George Town
Zurich
Wilmington
New York
Wilmington
Wilmington
Wilmington
Armonk
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Munich
Brussels
Mumbai
Bangalore
London

% 
Equity interest
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
94%
100%
100%
100%
100%

% 
Voting interest
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
94%
100%
100%
100%
100%

Brazil

São Paulo

20%

20%

Brazil
Cayman Islands
Vietnam
Canada
Brazil
China
Switzerland

São Paulo
George Town
Hanoi
Toronto
São Paulo
Beijing
Aarau

93%
65%
25%
100%
100%
100%
33%

93%
100%
25%
100%
100%
100%
33%

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  109

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

12  Debt and subordinated liabilities

The Company had outstanding debt and subordinated liabilities at the 2015 balance sheet date of CHF 9 597 million 
(2014: CHF 11 047 million). Thereof CHF 7 236 million (2014: CHF 9 494 million) were due within one to five years and 
CHF 2 361 million (2014: CHF 1 553 million) were due after five years.

As of 31 December 2015, the following public placed debentures were outstanding:

Instrument
Subordinated bond1
Subordinated bond
Senior bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Subordinated bond
Senior bond
Subordinated bond1
Senior bond

Issued in
2006
2012
2011
2007
2007
2012
2013
2007
2013
2012
2014
2015
2015

Currency
EUR
CHF
CHF
AUD
AUD
USD
USD
GBP
CHF
EUR
CHF
EUR
CHF

Nominal 
in millions
292
320
600
300
450
750
750
500
175
500
250
750
250

Interest rate
5.252%
7.250%
2.125%
7.635%
3.538%
8.250%
6.375%
6.302%
7.500%
6.625%
1.000%
2.600%
0.750%

Maturity/ 
First call in
2016
2017
2017
2017
2017
2018
2019
2019
2020
2022
2024
2025
2027

Book value 
CHF millions
318
320
600
218
328
750
750
738
175
544
250
816
250

1  In April 2015, the Company issued EUR 750 million face amount of perpetual subordinated fixed-to-floating rate callable loan notes with a first optional redemption date on 

1 September 2025. The notes bear interest through the first optional redemption date at 2.60% per annum. The notes were issued in connection with a concurrent exchange 
of part of the EUR 1 billion 5.252% perpetual subordinated step-up loan notes issued by the Company.

13  Deposit arrangements

The following balances were related to deposit accounted reinsurance contracts:

CHF millions
Other reinsurance revenues
Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses gross
Claims paid and claim adjustment expenses retroceded
Operating costs
Other reinsurance expenses
Funds held by ceding companies
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance
Reinsurance balances payable

14  Claims on and obligations towards affiliated companies

CHF millions
Loans
Assets in derivative financial instruments
Funds held by ceding companies
Premiums and other receivables from reinsurance
Other receivables
Other assets
Debt
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments
Funds held under reinsurance treaties
Reinsurance balances payable
Other liabilities
Subordinated liabilities

110  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

2014
176
18
–13
–4
–135
728
867
1 759

2014
6 499
247
9 502
1 698
85
188
3 777
372
5 487
1 059
2 112
747

2015
109
2
2
–3
–99
58
1 735
2 000

2015
11 751
–
8 946
2 145
32
1 827
2 788
347
4 507
1 988
4 229
752

15  Release of undisclosed reserves

In the year under report, undisclosed reserves on investments or on provisions were released by a net amount of CHF 949 million 
(2014: no net release).

16  Obligations towards employee pension fund

As of 31 December 2015, other liabilities included CHF 4 million (2014: CHF 6 million) payable to the employee pension fund.

17  Personnel information

As of 31 December 2015, the Company employed a worldwide staff at an average of 4 018 (2014: 3 956) full time equivalents. 
Personnel expenses for the 2015 financial year amounted to CHF 1 079 million (2014: CHF 1 027 million).

18  Management fee contribution

In 2015, management expenses of CHF 710 million (2014: CHF 775 million) were recharged to affiliated companies of the 
Company and invoiced to third parties. These recharges were reported net under “Operating costs”, “Investment expenses” and 
“Other expenses”.

19  Auditor‘s fees

In 2015, the Swiss Re Group incurred total auditor’s fees of CHF 35 million and additional fees of CHF 5 million, of which 
CHF 17 million (2014: CHF 16 million) and CHF 3 million (2014: CHF 4 million), respectively, were accounted for at the  
Company level.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  111

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Proposal for allocation of disposable profit

The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting of the Company, to be held on 30 March 2016, to approve the 
following allocation and payments of a cash dividend of USD 2 900 million, which must not exceed CHF 3 200 million, translated 
into CHF at spot rate on the settlement date, and a dividend in-kind of Swiss Re Management Ltd of CHF 100 million. The cash 
dividend and the dividend in-kind are paid to its sole shareholder Swiss Re Ltd out of voluntary profit reserves on 22 April 2016.

In order to comply with the Swiss Code of Obligations, dividends paid in foreign currencies must meet the capital protection 
requirements in CHF. In addition, maximum amounts in CHF must be approved by the Annual General Meeting. The Board of 
Directors proposes to set this maximum amount to CHF 3 200 million, which shall be fully funded from the disposable profit as 
presented in the table below.

As such the effective cash dividend amount, translated into CHF at spot rate on the settlement date, must not exceed 
CHF 3 200 million. This threshold of CHF 3 200 million is presented in the below table and reflects the maximum amount  
in CHF to be paid.

Retained earnings

CHF millions
Retained earnings brought forward
Net income for the financial year
Disposable profit
Allocation to voluntary profit reserves
Retained earnings after allocation

Legal reserves from capital contributions

CHF millions
Legal reserves from capital contributions brought forward
Allocation to voluntary profit reserves in connection with the ordinary cash dividend
Legal reserves from capital contributions after allocation to voluntary profit reserves

1   The 2014 figure was recalculated based on the final cash dividend converted into CHF at spot rate on the settlement date.

Voluntary profit reserves

CHF millions
Voluntary profit reserves brought forward 
Allocation from retained earnings
Voluntary profit reserves before allocation of legal reserves from capital contributions, 
proposed cash dividend and dividend in-kind
Allocation from legal reserves from capital contributions
Proposed cash dividend (maximal amount in CHF of the proposed dividend in USD translated into CHF)
Proposed dividend in-kind of Swiss Re Management Ltd
Voluntary profit reserves after allocation of legal reserves from capital contributions, 
proposed cash dividend and dividend in-kind

2014
28
1 666
1 694
–1 600
94

2014
8 057
–1 2791
6 778

2014
272
1 600

1 872
1 2792
–2 8792
 –

2015
94
6 432
6 526
–6 500
26

2015
6 778
–
6 778

2015
272
6 500

6 772
–
–3 2001
–100

272

3 472

1   The translation into CHF at spot rate on the settlement date may result in a lower cash dividend by a respective amount on the settlement date.
2   The 2014 figures were recalculated based on the final cash dividend converted into CHF at spot rate on the settlement date.

Zurich, 15 March 2016

112  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

Report of the statutory auditor

Report of the statutory auditor 
to the General Meeting of 
Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
Zurich

Report of the statutory auditor on the Financial Statements
As statutory auditor, we have audited the financial statements of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (the “Company”), which 
comprise the income statement, balance sheet and notes (pages 96 to 111), for the year ended 31 December 2015.

Board of Directors’ Responsibility
The Board of Directors is responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of 
Swiss law and the Company’s Articles of Association. This responsibility includes designing, implementing and maintaining an 
internal control system relevant to the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due 
to fraud or error. The Board of Directors is further responsible for selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies and 
making accounting estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances.

Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in 
accordance with Swiss law and Swiss Auditing Standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain 
reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. 
The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement  
of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers the internal 
control system relevant to the Company’s preparation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control system. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of the accounting policies used and the reasonableness of 
accounting estimates made, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2015 comply with Swiss law and the Company’s 
Articles of Association.

Report on other legal requirements
We confirm that we meet the legal requirements on licensing according to the Auditor Oversight Act (AOA) and independence  
(article 728 CO and article 11 AOA) and that there are no circumstances incompatible with our independence.

In accordance with article 728a paragraph 1 item 3 CO and Swiss Auditing Standard 890, we confirm that an internal control 
system exists which has been designed for the preparation of financial statements according to the instructions of the Board of 
Directors.

We further confirm that the proposal for allocation of disposable profit complies with Swiss law and the Company’s Articles of 
Association. We recommend that the financial statements submitted to you be approved.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd

Alex Finn 
Audit expert 
Auditor in charge

Zurich, 15 March 2016

Bret Griffin 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report  113

Financial Statements I Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd

Cautionary note on forward-looking 
statements

Certain statements and illustrations contained herein are forward-looking. These 
statements (including as to plans, objectives, targets and trends) and illustrations 
provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and 
include any statement that does not directly relate to a historical fact or current fact.

Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases such as 
“anticipate”, “assume”, “believe”, “continue”, “estimate”, “expect”, “foresee”, “intend”, 
“may increase” and “may fluctuate” and similar expressions or by future or 
conditional verbs such as “will”, “should”, “would” and “could“. These forward-
looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other 
factors, which may cause the Group’s actual results of operations, financial condition, 
solvency ratios, capital or liquidity positions or prospects to be materially different 
from any future results of operations, financial condition, solvency ratios, capital or 
liquidity positions or prospects expressed or implied by such statements. Such 
factors include, among others:
 ̤ instability affecting the global financial system and developments related thereto;
 ̤ deterioration in global economic conditions;
 ̤ the Group’s ability to maintain sufficient liquidity and access to capital markets,  

including sufficient liquidity to cover potential recapture of reinsurance  
agreements, early calls of debt or debt-like arrangements and collateral calls due 
to actual or perceived deterioration of the Group’s financial strength or otherwise;

 ̤ the effect of market conditions, including the global equity and credit markets,  

and the level and volatility of equity prices, interest rates, credit spreads, currency  
values and other market indices, on the Group’s investment assets;

 ̤ changes in the Group’s investment result as a result of changes in its investment 

policy or the changed composition of its investment assets, and the impact of the 
timing of any such changes relative to changes in market conditions;

 ̤ uncertainties in valuing credit default swaps and other credit-related instruments;
 ̤ possible inability to realise amounts on sales of securities on the Group’s balance 
sheet equivalent to their mark-to-market values recorded for accounting purposes;

 ̤ the outcome of tax audits, the ability to realise tax loss carryforwards and the  

ability to realise deferred tax assets (including by reason of the mix of earnings in  
a jurisdiction or deemed change of control), which could negatively impact future 
earnings;

 ̤ the possibility that the Group’s hedging arrangements may not be effective;
 ̤ the lowering or loss of financial strength or other ratings of one or more Group 

companies, and developments adversely affecting the Group’s ability to achieve 
improved ratings;

 ̤ the cyclicality of the reinsurance industry;
 ̤ uncertainties in estimating reserves;

114  Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd  2015 Annual Report

 ̤ uncertainties in estimating future claims for purposes of financial reporting,  

particularly with respect to large natural catastrophes, as significant uncertainties 
may be involved in estimating losses from such events and preliminary estimates 
may be subject to change as new information becomes available;
 ̤ the frequency, severity and development of insured claim events;
 ̤ acts of terrorism and acts of war;
 ̤ mortality, morbidity and longevity experience;
 ̤ policy renewal and lapse rates;
 ̤ extraordinary events affecting the Group’s clients and other counterparties, such 

as bankruptcies, liquidations and other credit-related events;

 ̤ current, pending and future legislation and regulation affecting the Group or its 

ceding companies;

 ̤ legal actions or regulatory investigations or actions, including those in respect  
of industry requirements or business conduct rules of general applicability;

 ̤ changes in accounting standards;
 ̤ significant investments, acquisitions or dispositions, and any delays, unexpected 

costs or other issues experienced in connection with any such transactions;

 ̤ changing levels of competition; and
 ̤ operational factors, including the efficacy of risk management and other internal 

procedures in managing the foregoing risks.

These factors are not exhaustive. The Group operates in a continually changing 
environment and new risks emerge continually. Readers are cautioned not to place 
undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The Group undertakes no obligation 
to publicly revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result  
of new information, future events or otherwise.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  115

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Note on risk factors 

General impact of adverse market conditions 
The operations of Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (“Swiss Re”) and its subsidiaries 
(the “Group”) as well as its investment returns are subject to market volatility and 
macro-economic factors, which are outside of the Group’s control and are often 
inter-related. 

Despite signs of moderate increase in global growth forecasts and positive  
macro-economic trends in the United States, growth forecasts among the principal 
global economies remain uneven and uncertain, and that uncertainty has been 
compounded by significant volatility in equity, currency and commodities markets. 
Slower growth rates in China, together with the actions taken on its currency, and 
drastic reductions in the price of oil, together with volatility in foreign currency and 
investment markets caused by interest rate action in the United States; continued 
concerns over the implications of austerity-driven economic policies in Europe  
and the ability of the European Union to address significant ongoing structural 
challenges; concerns over a possible exit of the United Kingdom from the  
European Union; deceleration in GDP growth and other negative trends in emerging 
markets; and geopolitical instability, reflecting the political and military situations in 
the Middle East and North Africa, the rise of the Islamic State, concerns over further 
terrorist attacks across the globe and the political, economic and social crises 
caused by massive waves of migration into and through Europe, have contributed to 
downward pressure on the capital markets and, in turn, on market capitalization of 
many listed companies, call into question the likelihood of continued recovery of the 
global economies and are beginning to raise the spectre of another global recession.  

With fewer options available to policymakers and concerns generally over the 
absence of realistic confidence-building measures, and with heightened risk that 
volatility or depressed conditions in one sector, one market, one country or one 
region could have far broader implications, volatility can be expected to continue. 
Further adverse developments or the continuation of adverse trends that in turn have 
a negative impact on financial markets and economic conditions could limit our 
ability to access the capital markets and bank funding markets, could adversely 
affect the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations to us and could adversely 
affect the confidence of the ultimate buyers of insurance. Any such developments 
and trends could also have an adverse effect on the Group’s investment results, 
which in the current low interest rate environment and soft insurance cycle could 
have a material adverse effect on the Group’s overall results, make it difficult to 
determine the value of certain assets in the Group’s portfolio and/or make it difficult 
to acquire suitable investments to meet the Group’s risk and return criteria.

Regulatory changes
Swiss Re and its subsidiaries operate in a highly regulated environment and are 
subject to applicable regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which they conduct 
business, particularly Switzerland, the United States, the United Kingdom, 
Luxembourg and Germany. The regulatory regimes to which members of the  
Group are subject have changed significantly in recent years and are expected  
to continue to evolve as a result of global efforts following the credit crisis. 

Although early regulatory efforts following the credit crisis were focused primarily  
on banking institutions, there has been a noticeable trend in recent years  
to extend the scope of reforms and oversight beyond such institutions to cover 
insurance and reinsurance operations. Legislative initiatives directly impacting the 
Group’s industry include the establishment of a pan-European regulator for insurance 
companies, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (the 

116  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

“EIOPA”), which has the power to overrule national regulators in certain 
circumstances. In addition, Swiss Re is subject to the Swiss Solvency Test, and, 
through its legal entities organized in the European Economic Area, Solvency II, 
which entered into force on 1 January 2016. The Group is also monitoring the 
impact of the Swiss Federal Act on Financial Market Infrastructure (which became 
effective 1 January 2016 and introduced new regulations for over-the-counter 
derivatives trading in line with international standards) and the proposed Swiss 
Federal Financial Services Act and Financial Institutions Act (which contain rules  
for financial services providers that are based on the EU Markets in Financial 
Instruments Directive (“MiFID”) regulations). In the United States, as a possible  
step towards federal oversight of insurance, the US Congress created the Federal 
Insurance Office within the Department of Treasury. In addition, provisions of the 
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as well as provisions in 
the proposed European Market Infrastructure Regulation and proposed changes  
to MiFID, in respect of derivatives could have a significant impact on the Group.

Other changes are focused principally on banking institutions, but some could have 
direct applicability to insurance or reinsurance operations and others could have  
a general impact on the regulatory landscape for financial institutions, which might 
indirectly impact capital requirements and/or required reserve levels or have other 
direct or indirect effects on the Group or its securities. Changes are particularly likely 
to impact financial institutions designated as “systemically important,” a designation 
which is expected to result in enhanced regulatory supervision and heightened 
capital, liquidity and diversification requirements under evolving reforms. 

There is an emerging focus on classifying certain insurance companies as 
systemically important as well. The Group could be designated as a global 
systemically important financial institution (SIFI) under the framework for 
systemically important financial institutions developed by the Financial Stability 
Board, or as a systemically important non-bank financial company by the Financial 
Stability Oversight Council (the FSOC) in the United States. Separately, the 
International Association of Insurance Supervisors, an international body that 
represents insurance regulators and supervisors, published a methodology for 
identifying global systemically important insurers (“G-SIIs”) and on a framework  
for supervision of internationally active insurance groups. Initial designation of 
insurers as G-SIIs took place in July 2013, and initial designation of reinsurers  
as G-SIIs has been postponed pending further development of the methodology  
due by November 2015, to be applied in 2016. If and when reinsurers are included 
in the list of G-SIIs, the Group could be so designated. Were the Group to be 
designated as a G-SII, it could be subject to one or both of the resulting regimes, 
once implemented, including capital standards under both regimes (the Basic 
Capital Requirement for G-SIIs and the Insurance Capital Standard for Internationally 
Active Insurance Groups (“IAIGs”)). In addition, the Group ultimately will be subject 
to oversight of its Swiss Regulator in respect of recovery and resolution planning. 

Significant policy decisions on a range of regulatory changes that could affect  
the Group and its operations remain undecided. The Group cannot predict which 
legislative and regulatory initiatives ultimately will be enacted or promulgated,  
what the scope and content of these initiatives ultimately will be, when they will  
be effective and what the implications will be for the industry, in general, and for  
the Group, in particular. Certain of these initiatives could have a material impact  
on the Group’s business.

In addition, regulatory changes could occur in areas of broader application, such as 
competition policy and tax laws. Changes in tax laws, for example, could increase 
the taxes the Group pays, the attractiveness of products offered by the Group, the 
Group’s investment activities and the value of deferred tax assets. Any number of 
these changes could apply to the Group and its operations. These changes, or 
inconsistencies between the various regimes that apply to the Group, could increase 
the costs of doing business, reduce access to liquidity, limit the scope of business or 
affect the competitive balance, or could make reinsurance less attractive to primary 
insurers.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  117

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Market risk
Volatility and disruption in the global financial markets can expose the Group to 
significant financial and capital markets risk, including changes in interest rates, 
credit spreads, equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates, which may 
adversely impact the Group’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and 
capital position. The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk is primarily related to the 
market price and cash flow variability associated with changes in interest rates. In 
general, a low interest rate environment, such as the one experienced in recent 
years, poses significant challenges to the insurance and reinsurance industries, with 
earnings capacity under stress unless lower investment returns from fixed income 
assets can be offset by lower combined ratios or higher returns from other asset 
classes. Economic weakness, fiscal tightening and monetary policies are keeping 
government yields low, which impacts investment yields and affects the profitability 
of life savings products with interest rate guarantees. Exposure to credit spreads 
primarily relates to market price and cash flow variability associated with changes  
in credit spreads. When credit spreads widen, the net unrealised loss position of the 
Group’s investment portfolio can increase, as could other-than-temporary 
impairments. 

The Group is exposed to changes in the level and volatility of equity prices, as they 
affect the value of equity securities themselves as well as the value of securities or 
instruments that derive their value from a particular equity security, a basket of 
equity securities or a stock index. The Group is also subject to equity price risk  
to the extent that the values of life-related benefits under certain products and life 
contracts, most notably variable annuity business, are tied to financial market values; 
to the extent market values fall, the financial exposure on guarantees related to these 
contracts would increase to the extent this exposure is not hedged. While the Group 
has discontinued writing new variable annuity business and has an extensive 
hedging programme covering its existing variable annuity business that it believes  
is sufficient, certain risks cannot be hedged, including actuarial risks, basis risk and 
correlation risk. Exposure to foreign exchange risk arises from exposures to changes 
in spot prices and forward prices as well as to volatile movements in exchange rates.

These risks can have a significant effect on investment returns and market values of 
securities positions, which in turn may affect both the Group’s results of operations 
and financial condition. The Group continues to focus on asset-liability management 
for its investment portfolio, but pursuing even this strategy has its risks – including 
possible mismatch – that in turn can lead to reinvestment risk. The Group seeks to 
manage the risks inherent in its investment portfolio by repositioning the portfolio 
from time to time, as needed, and to reduce risk and fluctuations through the use of 
hedges and other risk management tools.

Credit risk
If the credit markets were again to deteriorate and further asset classes were to be 
impacted, the Group could experience further losses. Changes in the market value  
of the underlying securities and other factors impacting their price could give rise  
to market value losses. If the credit markets were to deteriorate again, the Group 
could also face further write-downs in other areas of its portfolio, including other 
structured instruments, and the Group and its counterparties could once again face 
difficulties in valuing credit-related instruments. Differences in opinion with respect 
to valuations of credit-related instruments could result in legal disputes among the 
Group and its counterparties as to their respective obligations, the outcomes of 
which are difficult to predict and could be material.

118  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Liquidity risks
The Group’s business requires, and its clients expect, that it has sufficient capital  
and sufficient liquidity to meet its re/insurance obligations, and that this would 
continue to be the case following the occurrence of any foreseeable event or  
series of events, including extreme catastrophes, that would trigger insurance or 
reinsurance coverage obligations. The Group’s uses of funds include obligations 
arising in its reinsurance business (including claims and other payments as well  
as insurance provision repayments due to portfolio transfers, securitisations and 
commutations), which may include large and unpredictable claims (including 
catastrophe claims), funding of capital requirements and operating costs, payment 
of principal and interest on outstanding indebtedness and funding of acquisitions. 
The Group also has unfunded capital commitments in its private equity and hedge 
fund investments, which could result in funding obligations at a time when it is 
subject to liquidity constraints. In addition, the Group has potential collateral 
requirements in connection with a number of reinsurance arrangements, the 
amounts of which may be material and the meeting of which could require  
the Group to liquidate cash equivalents or other securities. 

The Group manages liquidity and funding risks by focusing on the liquidity stress that 
is likely to result from extreme capital markets scenarios or from extreme loss events 
or combinations of the two. Generally, the ability to meet liquidity needs could be 
adversely impacted by factors that the Group cannot control, such as market 
dislocations or interruptions, adverse economic conditions, severe disruption in the 
financial and worldwide credit markets and the related increased constraints on the 
availability of credit; changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and credit 
spreads; or by perceptions among market participants of the extent of the Group’s 
liquidity needs.

The Group may not be able to secure new sources of liquidity or funding, should 
projected or actual liquidity fall below levels it requires. The ability to meet liquidity 
needs through asset sales may be constrained by market conditions and the related 
stress on valuations, and through third-party funding may be limited by constraints 
on the general availability of credit and willingness of lenders to lend. In addition,  
the Group’s ability to meet liquidity needs may also be constrained by regulatory 
requirements that require regulated entities to maintain or increase regulatory 
capital, or that restrict intra-group transactions, the timing of dividend payments 
from subsidiaries or the fact that certain assets may be encumbered or otherwise 
non-tradable. Failure to meet covenants in lending arrangements could give rise to 
collateral posting or defaults, and further constrain access to liquidity. Finally, any 
adverse ratings action could trigger a need for further liquidity (for example, by 
triggering termination provisions or collateral delivery requirements in contracts  
to which the Group is a party) at a time when the Group’s ability to obtain liquidity 
from external sources is limited by such ratings action.

Counterparty risks
The Group is exposed to the risk of defaults, or concerns about defaults, by its 
counterparties. Securities trading counterparties, counterparties under swaps  
and other derivative contracts, and financial intermediaries may default on their 
obligations due to bankruptcy, insolvency, lack of liquidity, adverse economic 
conditions, operational failure, fraud or other reasons, which could have a material 
adverse effect on the Group. 

The Group could also be adversely affected by the insolvency of, or other credit 
constraints affecting, counterparties in its reinsurance operations. Moreover, the 
Group could be adversely affected by liquidity issues at ceding companies or at third 
parties to whom the Group has retroceded risk, and such risk could be exacerbated 
to the extent any such exposures are concentrated. 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  119

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Risks relating to credit rating downgrades
Ratings are an important factor in establishing the competitive position of 
reinsurance companies, and market conditions could increase the risk of downgrade. 
Third-party rating agencies assess and rate the financial strength of reinsurers and 
insurers. These ratings are intended to measure a company’s ability to repay its 
obligations and are based upon criteria established by the rating agencies.

The Group’s ratings reflect the current opinion of the relevant rating agencies. One or 
more of its ratings could be downgraded or withdrawn in the future. Rating agencies 
may increase the frequency and scope of ratings reviews, revise their criteria or take 
other actions that may negatively impact the Group’s ratings. In addition, changes to 
the process or methodology of issuing ratings, or the occurrence of events or 
developments affecting the Group, could make it more difficult for the Group to 
achieve improved ratings which it would otherwise have expected. 

As claims paying and financial strength ratings are key factors in establishing the 
competitive position of reinsurers, a decline in ratings alone could make reinsurance 
provided by the Group less attractive to clients relative to reinsurance from 
competitors with similar or stronger ratings. A decline in ratings could also cause the 
loss of clients who are required by either policy or regulation to purchase reinsurance 
only from reinsurers with certain ratings. Certain larger reinsurance contracts contain 
terms that would allow the ceding companies to cancel the contract if the Group’s 
ratings or those of its subsidiaries are downgraded beyond a certain threshold. 
Moreover, a decline in ratings could impact the availability and terms of unsecured 
financing and obligate the Group to provide collateral or other guarantees in the 
course of its reinsurance business or trigger early termination of funding 
arrangements potentially resulting in a need for additional liquidity. As a ratings 
decline could also have a material adverse impact on the Group’s costs of borrowing 
or ability to access the capital markets, the adverse implications of a downgrade 
could be more severe.

Legal and regulatory risks
In the ordinary course of business, the Group is involved in lawsuits, arbitrations and 
other formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, the outcomes of which 
determine rights and obligations under insurance, reinsurance and other contractual 
agreements. From time to time, the Group may institute, or be named as a defendant 
in, legal proceedings, and the Group may be a claimant or respondent in arbitration 
proceedings. These proceedings could involve coverage or other disputes with ceding 
companies, disputes with parties to which the Group transfers risk under reinsurance 
arrangements, disputes with other counterparties or other matters. The Group cannot 
predict the outcome of any of the foregoing, which could be material for the Group. 

The Group is also involved, from time to time, in investigations and regulatory 
proceedings, certain of which could result in adverse judgements, settlements,  
fines and other outcomes. The number of these investigations and proceedings 
involving the financial services industry has increased in recent years, and the 
potential scope of these investigations and proceedings has also increased, not  
only in respect of matters covered by the Group’s direct regulators, but also in 
respect of compliance with broader business conduct rules, including those in 
respect of market abuse, bribery, money laundering, trade sanctions and data 
protection and privacy. The Group also is subject to audits and challenges from time 
to time by tax authorities, which could result in increases in tax costs, changes to 
internal structures and interest and penalties. The Group could be subject to risks 
arising from alleged, or actual, violations of any of the foregoing, and could also be 
subject to risks arising from potential employee misconduct, including non-
compliance with internal policies and procedures and malfeasance, such as 
undertaking or facilitating cyber attacks on internal systems. Substantial legal 
liability could materially adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition or 
results of operations or could cause significant reputational harm, which could 
seriously affect its business.

120  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Insurance, operational and other risks
As part of the Group’s ordinary course operations, the Group is subject to a variety  
of risks, including risks that reserves may not adequately cover future claims and 
benefits, risks that catastrophic events (including hurricanes, windstorms, floods, 
earthquakes, acts of terrorism, man-made disasters such as industrial accidents, 
explosions, and fires, and pandemics) may expose the Group to unexpected large 
losses (and related uncertainties in estimating future claims in respect of such 
events); changes in the insurance industry that affect ceding companies, particularly 
those that further increase their sensitivity to counterparty risk; competitive 
conditions (including as a result of consolidation and the availability of significant 
levels of alternative capacity); cyclicality of the industry; risks related to emerging 
claims and coverage issues (including, for example, trends to establish stricter 
building standards, which can lead to higher industry losses for earthquake cover 
based on higher replacement values); risks arising from the Group’s dependence on 
policies, procedures and expertise of ceding companies; risks related to investments 
in emerging markets; and risks related to the failure of, or attacks directed at, the 
Group’s operational systems and infrastructure. Any of the foregoing, as well the 
occurrence of future risks that the Group’s risk management procedures fail to 
identify or anticipate, could have a material adverse effect on the Group, and could 
also give rise to reputational risk. 

Use of models; accounting matters
The Group is subject to risks relating to the preparation of estimates and assumptions 
that management uses, for example, as part of its risk models as well as those that 
affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the 
Group’s financial statements, including assumed and ceded business. For example, 
the Group estimates premiums pending receipt of actual data from ceding 
companies, which actual data could deviate from the estimates. In addition, 
particularly with respect to large natural catastrophes, it may be difficult to estimate 
losses, and preliminary estimates may be subject to a high degree of uncertainty and 
change as new information becomes available. Deterioration in market conditions 
could have an adverse impact on assumptions used for financial reporting purposes, 
which could affect possible impairment of present value of future profits, fair value of 
assets and liabilities, deferred acquisition costs or goodwill. To the extent that 
management’s estimates or assumptions prove to be incorrect, it could have a 
material impact on underwriting results (in the case of risk models) or on reported 
financial condition or results of operations, and such impact could be material.

The Group’s results may be impacted by changes in accounting standards, or 
changes in the interpretation of accounting standards. The Group’s results may also 
be impacted if regulatory authorities take issue with any conclusions the Group may 
reach in respect of accounting matters. Changes in accounting standards could 
impact future reported results or require restatement of past reported results.

The Group uses non-GAAP financial measures in its external reporting, including in 
this report. These measures are not prepared in accordance with US GAAP or any 
other comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles, and should not be viewed 
as a substitute for measures prepared in accordance with US GAAP. Moreover, these 
may be different from or otherwise inconsistent with non-GAAP financial measures 
used by other companies. These measures have inherent limitations, are not required 
to be uniformly applied and are not audited. 

Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report  121

Financial Statements I Group Financial Statements

Risks related to the Swiss Re corporate structure
Following the realignment of the corporate structure of Swiss Re Ltd (“SRL”) in 2012, 
the asset base, liquidity position, capital profile and other characteristics of the 
Group of relevance to its counterparties changed. Swiss Re is a wholly owned 
subsidiary of SRL, and the Group represents only two of the four principal operating 
segments of the SRL group. Capital, funding, reserve and cost allocations are made 
at the SRL level across the four operating segments based principally on business 
plans as measured against U.S. GAAP and Economic Value Management metrics. 
Decisions at the SRL level in respect of the broader group could have an adverse 
impact on the Group’s financial condition, including its capital and liquidity levels,  
as well as on its SST ratio. As part of SRL’s focus on efficient capital allocation, the 
Group expects to be paying dividends to SRL. Decisions on dividends payable by 
each of the operating segments, including the Group, are made at the SRL level 
based on legal, capital and liquidity considerations. 

While further changes to the overall SRL group structure may not have a financial 
statement impact on an SRL consolidated basis, they would impact the Group to  
the extent that operations are transferred into or from the Group, or as a result of 
intra-group transactions to the extent the Group is a counterparty to any such 
transactions. The process of optimizing the structure as between SRL and its 
operating segments will continue to evolve over time.

122  Swiss Reinsurance Company Consolidated  2015 Annual Report

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd 
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P.O. Box 
8022 Zurich 
Switzerland

Telephone +41 43 285 2121 
Fax +41 43 285 2999 
www.swissre.com

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